[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163957},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2225},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2218,"extension":2219,"meta":2220,"navigation":123,"path":2221,"seo":2222,"stem":2223,"__hash__":2224},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2175},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,39,42,47,214,217,236,239,259,266,271,285,288,291,295,300,418,421,440,447,450,516,518,527,530,544,547,596,598,607,621,627,630,660,662,671,674,677,752,754,763,766,772,777,828,830,838,841,844,862,865,917,920,926,933,939,942,947,1010,1012,1021,1028,1041,1045,1112,1114,1122,1128,1132,1138,1226,1228,1237,1247,1252,1257,1260,1297,1299,1308,1311,1317,1319,1371,1373,1382,1385,1406,1410,1415,1422,1430,1457,1460,1485,1490,1527,1534,1541,1546,1592,1595,1598,1638,1645,1651,1656,1672,1677,1685,1688,1692,1697,1701,1706,1708,1770,1772,1804,1810,1817,1826,1830,1833,1860,1863,1976,1979,1998,2008,2012,2019,2022,2029,2032,2036,2047,2054,2058,2116,2124,2132,2136,2171],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-max-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"max()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The built-in ",[15,24,17],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,27,28],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[30,31,32,36],"ul",{},[33,34,35],"li",{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[33,37,38],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,40,41],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[43,44,46],"h2",{"id":45},"quick-example","Quick example",[48,49,54],"pre",{"className":50,"code":51,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n","python","",[15,55,56,96,118,125,152,157,198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58,61,65,69,73,77,80,83,85,88,90,93],"span",{"class":59,"line":60},"line",1,[57,62,64],{"class":63},"su5hD","numbers ",[57,66,68],{"class":67},"smGrS","=",[57,70,72],{"class":71},"sP7_E"," [",[57,74,76],{"class":75},"srdBf","3",[57,78,79],{"class":71},",",[57,81,82],{"class":75}," 8",[57,84,79],{"class":71},[57,86,87],{"class":75}," 2",[57,89,79],{"class":71},[57,91,92],{"class":75}," 5",[57,94,95],{"class":71},"]\n",[57,97,99,103,106,109,111,115],{"class":59,"line":98},2,[57,100,102],{"class":101},"sptTA","print",[57,104,105],{"class":71},"(",[57,107,108],{"class":101},"max",[57,110,105],{"class":71},[57,112,114],{"class":113},"slqww","numbers",[57,116,117],{"class":71},"))\n",[57,119,121],{"class":59,"line":120},3,[57,122,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},true,"\n",[57,126,128,130,132,134,136,138,140,142,144,146,148,150],{"class":59,"line":127},4,[57,129,102],{"class":101},[57,131,105],{"class":71},[57,133,108],{"class":101},[57,135,105],{"class":71},[57,137,76],{"class":75},[57,139,79],{"class":71},[57,141,82],{"class":75},[57,143,79],{"class":71},[57,145,87],{"class":75},[57,147,79],{"class":71},[57,149,92],{"class":75},[57,151,117],{"class":71},[57,153,155],{"class":59,"line":154},5,[57,156,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158,160,163,165,167,171,175,177,179,182,185,187,189,191,194,196],{"class":59,"line":159},6,[57,161,162],{"class":63},"words ",[57,164,68],{"class":67},[57,166,72],{"class":71},[57,168,170],{"class":169},"sjJ54","\"",[57,172,174],{"class":173},"s_sjI","apple",[57,176,170],{"class":169},[57,178,79],{"class":71},[57,180,181],{"class":169}," \"",[57,183,184],{"class":173},"banana",[57,186,170],{"class":169},[57,188,79],{"class":71},[57,190,181],{"class":169},[57,192,193],{"class":173},"pear",[57,195,170],{"class":169},[57,197,95],{"class":71},[57,199,201,203,205,207,209,212],{"class":59,"line":200},7,[57,202,102],{"class":101},[57,204,105],{"class":71},[57,206,108],{"class":101},[57,208,105],{"class":71},[57,210,211],{"class":113},"words",[57,213,117],{"class":71},[20,215,216],{},"Output:",[48,218,220],{"className":50,"code":219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,221,222,227,231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,223,224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,225,226],{"class":75},"8\n",[57,228,229],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,230,226],{"class":75},[57,232,233],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,234,235],{"class":63},"pear\n",[20,237,238],{},"In this example:",[30,240,241,247,253],{},[33,242,243,246],{},[15,244,245],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[33,248,249,252],{},[15,250,251],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[33,254,255,258],{},[15,256,257],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[43,260,262,263,265],{"id":261},"what-max-does","What ",[15,264,17],{}," does",[20,267,268,270],{},[15,269,17],{},":",[30,272,273,276,279,282],{},[33,274,275],{},"Returns the largest item",[33,277,278],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[33,280,281],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[33,283,284],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,286,287],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,289,290],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[43,292,294],{"id":293},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,296,297,298,270],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,299,17],{},[48,301,303],{"className":50,"code":302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,304,305,317,343,367,390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,306,307,309,311,314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,308,108],{"class":101},[57,310,105],{"class":71},[57,312,313],{"class":113},"iterable",[57,315,316],{"class":71},")\n",[57,318,319,321,323,325,327,330,332,336,338,341],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,320,108],{"class":101},[57,322,105],{"class":71},[57,324,313],{"class":113},[57,326,79],{"class":71},[57,328,329],{"class":67}," *",[57,331,79],{"class":71},[57,333,335],{"class":334},"s99_P"," key",[57,337,68],{"class":67},[57,339,340],{"class":113},"func",[57,342,316],{"class":71},[57,344,345,347,349,351,353,355,357,360,362,365],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,346,108],{"class":101},[57,348,105],{"class":71},[57,350,313],{"class":113},[57,352,79],{"class":71},[57,354,329],{"class":67},[57,356,79],{"class":71},[57,358,359],{"class":334}," default",[57,361,68],{"class":67},[57,363,364],{"class":113},"value",[57,366,316],{"class":71},[57,368,369,371,373,376,378,381,383,385,388],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,370,108],{"class":101},[57,372,105],{"class":71},[57,374,375],{"class":113},"arg1",[57,377,79],{"class":71},[57,379,380],{"class":113}," arg2",[57,382,79],{"class":71},[57,384,329],{"class":67},[57,386,387],{"class":113},"args",[57,389,316],{"class":71},[57,391,392,394,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,393,108],{"class":101},[57,395,105],{"class":71},[57,397,375],{"class":113},[57,399,79],{"class":71},[57,401,380],{"class":113},[57,403,79],{"class":71},[57,405,329],{"class":67},[57,407,387],{"class":113},[57,409,79],{"class":71},[57,411,335],{"class":334},[57,413,68],{"class":67},[57,415,340],{"class":113},[57,417,316],{"class":71},[20,419,420],{},"The most important parts are:",[30,422,423,428,434],{},[33,424,425,427],{},[15,426,313],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[33,429,430,433],{},[15,431,432],{},"key",": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[33,435,436,439],{},[15,437,438],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[43,441,443,444,446],{"id":442},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers","Using ",[15,445,17],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,448,449],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[48,451,453],{"className":50,"code":452,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,454,455,484,501,505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,456,457,460,462,464,467,469,472,474,477,479,482],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,458,459],{"class":63},"scores ",[57,461,68],{"class":67},[57,463,72],{"class":71},[57,465,466],{"class":75},"72",[57,468,79],{"class":71},[57,470,471],{"class":75}," 91",[57,473,79],{"class":71},[57,475,476],{"class":75}," 85",[57,478,79],{"class":71},[57,480,481],{"class":75}," 66",[57,483,95],{"class":71},[57,485,486,489,491,494,496,499],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,487,488],{"class":63},"highest_score ",[57,490,68],{"class":67},[57,492,493],{"class":101}," max",[57,495,105],{"class":71},[57,497,498],{"class":113},"scores",[57,500,316],{"class":71},[57,502,503],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,504,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,506,507,509,511,514],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,508,102],{"class":101},[57,510,105],{"class":71},[57,512,513],{"class":113},"highest_score",[57,515,316],{"class":71},[20,517,216],{},[48,519,521],{"className":50,"code":520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"91\n",[15,522,523],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,524,525],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,526,520],{"class":75},[20,528,529],{},"This works well for:",[30,531,532,535,538,541],{},[33,533,534],{},"Scores",[33,536,537],{},"Prices",[33,539,540],{},"Ages",[33,542,543],{},"Counts",[20,545,546],{},"Another example:",[48,548,550],{"className":50,"code":549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,551,552,581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,553,554,557,559,561,564,566,569,571,574,576,579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,555,556],{"class":63},"prices ",[57,558,68],{"class":67},[57,560,72],{"class":71},[57,562,563],{"class":75},"19.99",[57,565,79],{"class":71},[57,567,568],{"class":75}," 5.50",[57,570,79],{"class":71},[57,572,573],{"class":75}," 12.75",[57,575,79],{"class":71},[57,577,578],{"class":75}," 29.00",[57,580,95],{"class":71},[57,582,583,585,587,589,591,594],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,584,102],{"class":101},[57,586,105],{"class":71},[57,588,108],{"class":101},[57,590,105],{"class":71},[57,592,593],{"class":113},"prices",[57,595,117],{"class":71},[20,597,216],{},[48,599,601],{"className":50,"code":600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"29.0\n",[15,602,603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,604,605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,606,600],{"class":75},[20,608,609,610,612,613,620],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,611,17],{}," is simpler than ",[614,615,617],"a",{"href":616},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,618,619],{},"sorted()",".",[43,622,443,624,626],{"id":623},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,625,17],{}," with separate values",[20,628,629],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[48,631,633],{"className":50,"code":632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,634,635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,636,637,639,641,643,645,648,650,653,655,658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,638,102],{"class":101},[57,640,105],{"class":71},[57,642,108],{"class":101},[57,644,105],{"class":71},[57,646,647],{"class":75},"4",[57,649,79],{"class":71},[57,651,652],{"class":75}," 12",[57,654,79],{"class":71},[57,656,657],{"class":75}," 7",[57,659,117],{"class":71},[20,661,216],{},[48,663,665],{"className":50,"code":664,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"12\n",[15,666,667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,668,669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,670,664],{"class":75},[20,672,673],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,675,676],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[48,678,680],{"className":50,"code":679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,681,682,692,702,712,716,741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,683,684,687,689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,685,686],{"class":63},"a ",[57,688,68],{"class":67},[57,690,691],{"class":75}," 15\n",[57,693,694,697,699],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,695,696],{"class":63},"b ",[57,698,68],{"class":67},[57,700,701],{"class":75}," 42\n",[57,703,704,707,709],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,705,706],{"class":63},"c ",[57,708,68],{"class":67},[57,710,711],{"class":75}," 27\n",[57,713,714],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,715,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,717,718,721,723,725,727,729,731,734,736,739],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,719,720],{"class":63},"largest ",[57,722,68],{"class":67},[57,724,493],{"class":101},[57,726,105],{"class":71},[57,728,614],{"class":113},[57,730,79],{"class":71},[57,732,733],{"class":113}," b",[57,735,79],{"class":71},[57,737,738],{"class":113}," c",[57,740,316],{"class":71},[57,742,743,745,747,750],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,744,102],{"class":101},[57,746,105],{"class":71},[57,748,749],{"class":113},"largest",[57,751,316],{"class":71},[20,753,216],{},[48,755,757],{"className":50,"code":756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n",[15,758,759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,760,761],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,762,756],{"class":75},[20,764,765],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[43,767,443,769,771],{"id":768},"using-max-with-strings",[15,770,17],{}," with strings",[20,773,774,776],{},[15,775,17],{}," can compare strings too.",[48,778,780],{"className":50,"code":779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,781,782,814],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,783,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,808,810,812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,785,162],{"class":63},[57,787,68],{"class":67},[57,789,72],{"class":71},[57,791,170],{"class":169},[57,793,174],{"class":173},[57,795,170],{"class":169},[57,797,79],{"class":71},[57,799,181],{"class":169},[57,801,184],{"class":173},[57,803,170],{"class":169},[57,805,79],{"class":71},[57,807,181],{"class":169},[57,809,193],{"class":173},[57,811,170],{"class":169},[57,813,95],{"class":71},[57,815,816,818,820,822,824,826],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,817,102],{"class":101},[57,819,105],{"class":71},[57,821,108],{"class":101},[57,823,105],{"class":71},[57,825,211],{"class":113},[57,827,117],{"class":71},[20,829,216],{},[48,831,832],{"className":50,"code":235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,833,834],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,835,836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,837,235],{"class":63},[20,839,840],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,842,843],{},"A few important points:",[30,845,846,856,859],{},[33,847,848,851,852,855],{},[15,849,850],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,853,854],{},"\"banana\""," alphabetically",[33,857,858],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[33,860,861],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,863,864],{},"Example:",[48,866,868],{"className":50,"code":867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,869,870,903],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,871,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,891,893,895,897,899,901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,873,162],{"class":63},[57,875,68],{"class":67},[57,877,72],{"class":71},[57,879,170],{"class":169},[57,881,174],{"class":173},[57,883,170],{"class":169},[57,885,79],{"class":71},[57,887,181],{"class":169},[57,889,890],{"class":173},"Banana",[57,892,170],{"class":169},[57,894,79],{"class":71},[57,896,181],{"class":169},[57,898,193],{"class":173},[57,900,170],{"class":169},[57,902,95],{"class":71},[57,904,905,907,909,911,913,915],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,906,102],{"class":101},[57,908,105],{"class":71},[57,910,108],{"class":101},[57,912,105],{"class":71},[57,914,211],{"class":113},[57,916,117],{"class":71},[20,918,919],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,921,922,923,925],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,924,432],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[43,927,929,930,932],{"id":928},"using-the-key-argument","Using the ",[15,931,432],{}," argument",[20,934,935,936,938],{},"The ",[15,937,432],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,940,941],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[943,944,946],"h3",{"id":945},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[48,948,950],{"className":50,"code":949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,951,952,987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,953,954,956,958,960,962,965,967,969,971,974,976,978,980,983,985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,955,162],{"class":63},[57,957,68],{"class":67},[57,959,72],{"class":71},[57,961,170],{"class":169},[57,963,964],{"class":173},"cat",[57,966,170],{"class":169},[57,968,79],{"class":71},[57,970,181],{"class":169},[57,972,973],{"class":173},"elephant",[57,975,170],{"class":169},[57,977,79],{"class":71},[57,979,181],{"class":169},[57,981,982],{"class":173},"dog",[57,984,170],{"class":169},[57,986,95],{"class":71},[57,988,989,991,993,995,997,999,1001,1003,1005,1008],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,990,102],{"class":101},[57,992,105],{"class":71},[57,994,108],{"class":101},[57,996,105],{"class":71},[57,998,211],{"class":113},[57,1000,79],{"class":71},[57,1002,335],{"class":334},[57,1004,68],{"class":67},[57,1006,1007],{"class":101},"len",[57,1009,117],{"class":71},[20,1011,216],{},[48,1013,1015],{"className":50,"code":1014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"elephant\n",[15,1016,1017],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1018,1019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1020,1014],{"class":63},[20,1022,1023,1024,1027],{},"Here, ",[15,1025,1026],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,1029,1030,1031,1034,1035,620],{},"If you are new to ",[15,1032,1033],{},"len()",", see ",[614,1036,1038,1040],{"href":1037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,1039,1033],{}," explained",[943,1042,1044],{"id":1043},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[48,1046,1048],{"className":50,"code":1047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,1049,1050,1082],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1051,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1053,162],{"class":63},[57,1055,68],{"class":67},[57,1057,72],{"class":71},[57,1059,170],{"class":169},[57,1061,174],{"class":173},[57,1063,170],{"class":169},[57,1065,79],{"class":71},[57,1067,181],{"class":169},[57,1069,890],{"class":173},[57,1071,170],{"class":169},[57,1073,79],{"class":71},[57,1075,181],{"class":169},[57,1077,193],{"class":173},[57,1079,170],{"class":169},[57,1081,95],{"class":71},[57,1083,1084,1086,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1104,1106,1110],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1085,102],{"class":101},[57,1087,105],{"class":71},[57,1089,108],{"class":101},[57,1091,105],{"class":71},[57,1093,211],{"class":113},[57,1095,79],{"class":71},[57,1097,335],{"class":334},[57,1099,68],{"class":67},[57,1101,1103],{"class":1102},"sZMiF","str",[57,1105,620],{"class":71},[57,1107,1109],{"class":1108},"skxfh","lower",[57,1111,117],{"class":71},[20,1113,216],{},[48,1115,1116],{"className":50,"code":235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,1117,1118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1119,1120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1121,235],{"class":63},[20,1123,1023,1124,1127],{},[15,1125,1126],{},"str.lower"," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[943,1129,1131],{"id":1130},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,1133,1134,1135,270],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,1136,1137],{},"lambda",[48,1139,1141],{"className":50,"code":1140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,1142,1143,1187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1144,1145,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1165,1167,1169,1171,1174,1176,1178,1180,1183,1185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1146,1147],{"class":63},"items ",[57,1149,68],{"class":67},[57,1151,72],{"class":71},[57,1153,170],{"class":169},[57,1155,614],{"class":173},[57,1157,170],{"class":169},[57,1159,79],{"class":71},[57,1161,181],{"class":169},[57,1163,1164],{"class":173},"bb",[57,1166,170],{"class":169},[57,1168,79],{"class":71},[57,1170,181],{"class":169},[57,1172,1173],{"class":173},"cccc",[57,1175,170],{"class":169},[57,1177,79],{"class":71},[57,1179,181],{"class":169},[57,1181,1182],{"class":173},"ddd",[57,1184,170],{"class":169},[57,1186,95],{"class":71},[57,1188,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1200,1202,1204,1206,1209,1213,1215,1218,1220,1223],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1190,102],{"class":101},[57,1192,105],{"class":71},[57,1194,108],{"class":101},[57,1196,105],{"class":71},[57,1198,1199],{"class":113},"items",[57,1201,79],{"class":71},[57,1203,335],{"class":334},[57,1205,68],{"class":67},[57,1207,1137],{"class":1208},"sbsja",[57,1210,1212],{"class":1211},"sFwrP"," text",[57,1214,270],{"class":71},[57,1216,1217],{"class":101}," len",[57,1219,105],{"class":71},[57,1221,1222],{"class":113},"text",[57,1224,1225],{"class":71},")))\n",[20,1227,216],{},[48,1229,1231],{"className":50,"code":1230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cccc\n",[15,1232,1233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1234,1235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1236,1230],{"class":63},[20,1238,1239,1240,1242,1243,1246],{},"For beginners, ",[15,1241,1026],{}," and ",[15,1244,1245],{},"key=str.lower"," are the most useful examples to remember.",[43,1248,929,1250,932],{"id":1249},"using-the-default-argument",[15,1251,438],{},[20,1253,935,1254,1256],{},[15,1255,438],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,1258,1259],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[48,1261,1263],{"className":50,"code":1262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,1264,1265,1274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1266,1267,1269,1271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1268,64],{"class":63},[57,1270,68],{"class":67},[57,1272,1273],{"class":71}," []\n",[57,1275,1276,1278,1280,1282,1284,1286,1288,1290,1292,1295],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1277,102],{"class":101},[57,1279,105],{"class":71},[57,1281,108],{"class":101},[57,1283,105],{"class":71},[57,1285,114],{"class":113},[57,1287,79],{"class":71},[57,1289,359],{"class":334},[57,1291,68],{"class":67},[57,1293,1294],{"class":75},"0",[57,1296,117],{"class":71},[20,1298,216],{},[48,1300,1302],{"className":50,"code":1301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n",[15,1303,1304],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1305,1306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1307,1301],{"class":75},[20,1309,1310],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,1312,1313,1314,1316],{},"Without ",[15,1315,438],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,1318,546],{},[48,1320,1322],{"className":50,"code":1321,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,1323,1324,1332,1360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1325,1326,1328,1330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1327,162],{"class":63},[57,1329,68],{"class":67},[57,1331,1273],{"class":71},[57,1333,1334,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1356,1358],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1335,1336],{"class":63},"result ",[57,1338,68],{"class":67},[57,1340,493],{"class":101},[57,1342,105],{"class":71},[57,1344,211],{"class":113},[57,1346,79],{"class":71},[57,1348,359],{"class":334},[57,1350,68],{"class":67},[57,1352,170],{"class":169},[57,1354,1355],{"class":173},"no words found",[57,1357,170],{"class":169},[57,1359,316],{"class":71},[57,1361,1362,1364,1366,1369],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,1363,102],{"class":101},[57,1365,105],{"class":71},[57,1367,1368],{"class":113},"result",[57,1370,316],{"class":71},[20,1372,216],{},[48,1374,1376],{"className":50,"code":1375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"no words found\n",[15,1377,1378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1379,1380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1381,1375],{"class":63},[20,1383,1384],{},"Important:",[30,1386,1387,1395],{},[33,1388,1389,1391,1392],{},[15,1390,438],{}," works with ",[15,1393,1394],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[33,1396,1397,1398,1402,1403],{},"It does ",[1399,1400,1401],"strong",{},"not"," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,1404,1405],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[43,1407,1409],{"id":1408},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,1411,1412,1413,620],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,1414,17],{},[943,1416,1418,1421],{"id":1417},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,1419,1420],{},"ValueError"," with an empty iterable",[20,1423,1424,1425,1427,1428,620],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,1426,438],{},", Python raises a ",[15,1429,1420],{},[48,1431,1433],{"className":50,"code":1432,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,1434,1435,1443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1436,1437,1439,1441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1438,64],{"class":63},[57,1440,68],{"class":67},[57,1442,1273],{"class":71},[57,1444,1445,1447,1449,1451,1453,1455],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1446,102],{"class":101},[57,1448,105],{"class":71},[57,1450,108],{"class":101},[57,1452,105],{"class":71},[57,1454,114],{"class":113},[57,1456,117],{"class":71},[20,1458,1459],{},"Error:",[48,1461,1463],{"className":50,"code":1462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,1464,1465],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1466,1467,1469,1471,1473,1476,1479,1482],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1468,1420],{"class":1102},[57,1470,270],{"class":71},[57,1472,493],{"class":101},[57,1474,1475],{"class":71},"()",[57,1477,1478],{"class":63}," arg ",[57,1480,1481],{"class":67},"is",[57,1483,1484],{"class":63}," an empty sequence\n",[20,1486,1487,1488,270],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,1489,438],{},[48,1491,1493],{"className":50,"code":1492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,1494,1495,1503],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1496,1497,1499,1501],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1498,64],{"class":63},[57,1500,68],{"class":67},[57,1502,1273],{"class":71},[57,1504,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1525],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1506,102],{"class":101},[57,1508,105],{"class":71},[57,1510,108],{"class":101},[57,1512,105],{"class":71},[57,1514,114],{"class":113},[57,1516,79],{"class":71},[57,1518,359],{"class":334},[57,1520,68],{"class":67},[57,1522,1524],{"class":1523},"s39Yj","None",[57,1526,117],{"class":71},[20,1528,1529,1530,620],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[614,1531,1533],{"href":1532},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[943,1535,1537,1540],{"id":1536},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,1538,1539],{},"TypeError"," when items cannot be compared",[20,1542,1543,1544,620],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,1545,1539],{},[48,1547,1549],{"className":50,"code":1548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,1550,1551,1578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1552,1553,1555,1557,1559,1562,1564,1566,1569,1571,1573,1576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1554,1147],{"class":63},[57,1556,68],{"class":67},[57,1558,72],{"class":71},[57,1560,1561],{"class":75},"10",[57,1563,79],{"class":71},[57,1565,181],{"class":169},[57,1567,1568],{"class":173},"20",[57,1570,170],{"class":169},[57,1572,79],{"class":71},[57,1574,1575],{"class":75}," 30",[57,1577,95],{"class":71},[57,1579,1580,1582,1584,1586,1588,1590],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1581,102],{"class":101},[57,1583,105],{"class":71},[57,1585,108],{"class":101},[57,1587,105],{"class":71},[57,1589,1199],{"class":113},[57,1591,117],{"class":71},[20,1593,1594],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,1596,1597],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[48,1599,1601],{"className":50,"code":1600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,1602,1603,1624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1604,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613,1615,1618,1620,1622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1606,1147],{"class":63},[57,1608,68],{"class":67},[57,1610,72],{"class":71},[57,1612,1561],{"class":75},[57,1614,79],{"class":71},[57,1616,1617],{"class":75}," 20",[57,1619,79],{"class":71},[57,1621,1575],{"class":75},[57,1623,95],{"class":71},[57,1625,1626,1628,1630,1632,1634,1636],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1627,102],{"class":101},[57,1629,105],{"class":71},[57,1631,108],{"class":101},[57,1633,105],{"class":71},[57,1635,1199],{"class":113},[57,1637,117],{"class":71},[20,1639,1640,1641,620],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[614,1642,1644],{"href":1643},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[943,1646,1648,1650],{"id":1647},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,1649,1539],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,1652,1653,1655],{},[15,1654,17],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[48,1657,1659],{"className":50,"code":1658,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(max())\n",[15,1660,1661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1662,1663,1665,1667,1669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1664,102],{"class":101},[57,1666,105],{"class":71},[57,1668,108],{"class":101},[57,1670,1671],{"class":71},"())\n",[20,1673,1674,1675,620],{},"This raises a ",[15,1676,1539],{},[43,1678,1680,1682,1683],{"id":1679},"max-vs-sorted",[15,1681,17],{}," vs ",[15,1684,619],{},[20,1686,1687],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,1689,1690,270],{},[15,1691,17],{},[30,1693,1694],{},[33,1695,1696],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,1698,1699,270],{},[15,1700,619],{},[30,1702,1703],{},[33,1704,1705],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,1707,864],{},[48,1709,1711],{"className":50,"code":1710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,1712,1713,1737,1741,1755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1714,1715,1717,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1716,64],{"class":63},[57,1718,68],{"class":67},[57,1720,72],{"class":71},[57,1722,76],{"class":75},[57,1724,79],{"class":71},[57,1726,82],{"class":75},[57,1728,79],{"class":71},[57,1730,87],{"class":75},[57,1732,79],{"class":71},[57,1734,92],{"class":75},[57,1736,95],{"class":71},[57,1738,1739],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1740,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,1742,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,1744,102],{"class":101},[57,1746,105],{"class":71},[57,1748,108],{"class":101},[57,1750,105],{"class":71},[57,1752,114],{"class":113},[57,1754,117],{"class":71},[57,1756,1757,1759,1761,1764,1766,1768],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,1758,102],{"class":101},[57,1760,105],{"class":71},[57,1762,1763],{"class":101},"sorted",[57,1765,105],{"class":71},[57,1767,114],{"class":113},[57,1769,117],{"class":71},[20,1771,216],{},[48,1773,1775],{"className":50,"code":1774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,1776,1777,1781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1778,1779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1780,226],{"class":75},[57,1782,1783,1786,1789,1791,1794,1796,1798,1800,1802],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1784,1785],{"class":71},"[",[57,1787,1788],{"class":75},"2",[57,1790,79],{"class":71},[57,1792,1793],{"class":75}," 3",[57,1795,79],{"class":71},[57,1797,92],{"class":75},[57,1799,79],{"class":71},[57,1801,82],{"class":75},[57,1803,95],{"class":71},[20,1805,1806,1807,1809],{},"Use ",[15,1808,17],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,1811,1806,1812,1816],{},[614,1813,1814],{"href":616},[15,1815,619],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,1818,1819,1820,620],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[614,1821,1823],{"href":1822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,1824,1825],{},"min()",[43,1827,1829],{"id":1828},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1831,1832],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[30,1834,1835,1843,1846,1852,1855],{},[33,1836,1837,1838,1840,1841],{},"Calling ",[15,1839,17],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,1842,438],{},[33,1844,1845],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[33,1847,1848,1849,1851],{},"Expecting ",[15,1850,17],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[33,1853,1854],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[33,1856,443,1857,1859],{},[15,1858,438],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,1861,1862],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,1864,1866],{"className":50,"code":1865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,1867,1868,1878,1893,1907,1921,1943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,1869,1870,1872,1874,1876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,1871,102],{"class":101},[57,1873,105],{"class":71},[57,1875,1199],{"class":113},[57,1877,316],{"class":71},[57,1879,1880,1882,1884,1887,1889,1891],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,1881,102],{"class":101},[57,1883,105],{"class":71},[57,1885,1886],{"class":1102},"type",[57,1888,105],{"class":71},[57,1890,1199],{"class":113},[57,1892,117],{"class":71},[57,1894,1895,1897,1899,1901,1903,1905],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,1896,102],{"class":101},[57,1898,105],{"class":71},[57,1900,1007],{"class":101},[57,1902,105],{"class":71},[57,1904,1199],{"class":113},[57,1906,117],{"class":71},[57,1908,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917,1919],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,1910,102],{"class":101},[57,1912,105],{"class":71},[57,1914,108],{"class":101},[57,1916,105],{"class":71},[57,1918,1199],{"class":113},[57,1920,117],{"class":71},[57,1922,1923,1925,1927,1929,1931,1933,1935,1937,1939,1941],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,1924,102],{"class":101},[57,1926,105],{"class":71},[57,1928,108],{"class":101},[57,1930,105],{"class":71},[57,1932,1199],{"class":113},[57,1934,79],{"class":71},[57,1936,359],{"class":334},[57,1938,68],{"class":67},[57,1940,1524],{"class":1523},[57,1942,117],{"class":71},[57,1944,1945,1947,1950,1952,1954,1957,1960,1964,1967,1970,1973],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,1946,102],{"class":101},[57,1948,1949],{"class":71},"([",[57,1951,1886],{"class":1102},[57,1953,105],{"class":71},[57,1955,1956],{"class":113},"x",[57,1958,1959],{"class":71},")",[57,1961,1963],{"class":1962},"sVHd0"," for",[57,1965,1966],{"class":113}," x ",[57,1968,1969],{"class":1962},"in",[57,1971,1972],{"class":113}," items",[57,1974,1975],{"class":71},"])\n",[20,1977,1978],{},"These are useful for checking:",[30,1980,1981,1986,1992,1995],{},[33,1982,1983,1984],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,1985,1199],{},[33,1987,1988,1989,1991],{},"Whether ",[15,1990,1199],{}," is a list or some other type",[33,1993,1994],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[33,1996,1997],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,1999,2000,2001,2004,2005,2007],{},"Be careful with ",[15,2002,2003],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,2006,1199],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[43,2009,2011],{"id":2010},"faq","FAQ",[943,2013,2015,2016,2018],{"id":2014},"what-does-max-return-in-python","What does ",[15,2017,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,2020,2021],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[943,2023,2025,2026,2028],{"id":2024},"can-max-work-with-strings","Can ",[15,2027,17],{}," work with strings?",[20,2030,2031],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[943,2033,2035],{"id":2034},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,2037,2038,2040,2041,2043,2044,2046],{},[15,2039,17],{}," raises a ",[15,2042,1420],{}," unless you use the ",[15,2045,438],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[943,2048,2050,2051,2053],{"id":2049},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,2052,17],{},"?",[20,2055,1806,2056,270],{},[15,2057,1026],{},[48,2059,2060],{"className":50,"code":949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2061,2062,2094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2063,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2065,162],{"class":63},[57,2067,68],{"class":67},[57,2069,72],{"class":71},[57,2071,170],{"class":169},[57,2073,964],{"class":173},[57,2075,170],{"class":169},[57,2077,79],{"class":71},[57,2079,181],{"class":169},[57,2081,973],{"class":173},[57,2083,170],{"class":169},[57,2085,79],{"class":71},[57,2087,181],{"class":169},[57,2089,982],{"class":173},[57,2091,170],{"class":169},[57,2093,95],{"class":71},[57,2095,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2097,102],{"class":101},[57,2099,105],{"class":71},[57,2101,108],{"class":101},[57,2103,105],{"class":71},[57,2105,211],{"class":113},[57,2107,79],{"class":71},[57,2109,335],{"class":334},[57,2111,68],{"class":67},[57,2113,1007],{"class":101},[57,2115,117],{"class":71},[943,2117,2119,2120,1242,2122,2053],{"id":2118},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted","What is the difference between ",[15,2121,17],{},[15,2123,619],{},[20,2125,2126,2128,2129,2131],{},[15,2127,17],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,2130,619],{}," returns all items in order.",[43,2133,2135],{"id":2134},"see-also","See also",[30,2137,2138,2145,2151,2157,2163,2167],{},[33,2139,2140],{},[614,2141,2142,2144],{"href":1822},[15,2143,1825],{}," function explained",[33,2146,2147],{},[614,2148,2149,2144],{"href":616},[15,2150,619],{},[33,2152,2153],{},[614,2154,2155,2144],{"href":1037},[15,2156,1033],{},[33,2158,2159],{},[614,2160,2162],{"href":2161},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[33,2164,2165],{},[614,2166,1533],{"href":1532},[33,2168,2169],{},[614,2170,1644],{"href":1643},[2172,2173,2174],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":2176},[2177,2178,2180,2181,2183,2185,2187,2193,2195,2203,2205,2206,2217],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":261,"depth":98,"text":2179},"What max() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":442,"depth":98,"text":2182},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":623,"depth":98,"text":2184},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":768,"depth":98,"text":2186},"Using max() with strings",{"id":928,"depth":98,"text":2188,"children":2189},"Using the key argument",[2190,2191,2192],{"id":945,"depth":120,"text":946},{"id":1043,"depth":120,"text":1044},{"id":1130,"depth":120,"text":1131},{"id":1249,"depth":98,"text":2194},"Using the default argument",{"id":1408,"depth":98,"text":1409,"children":2196},[2197,2199,2201],{"id":1417,"depth":120,"text":2198},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":1536,"depth":120,"text":2200},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":1647,"depth":120,"text":2202},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":1679,"depth":98,"text":2204},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":2207},[2208,2210,2212,2213,2215],{"id":2014,"depth":120,"text":2209},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":2024,"depth":120,"text":2211},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":2034,"depth":120,"text":2035},{"id":2049,"depth":120,"text":2214},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":2118,"depth":120,"text":2216},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2218},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",[2226,3810,5507,7203,9338,11537,13057,15233,17438,19898,21735,24300,26398,28679,30625,32535,34531,35970,37796,40318,42477,43703,45074,46721,49037,50880,52859,54553,55806,57500,59248,61220,62970,65070,66428,68379,69939,71928,73722,75619,78061,80133,82773,84595,86558,88746,90750,93063,94745,96190,97384,98562,100402,102842,104546,106561,108085,109330,110493,111875,113946,115843,117617,119483,121602,123342,124804,126398,128321,129998,131933,133422,136206,137783,139342,141370,143322,144785,145974,147860,149271,150967,152521,153943,155346,157244,159638,161469],{"id":2227,"title":2228,"body":2229,"description":3804,"extension":2219,"meta":3805,"navigation":123,"path":3806,"seo":3807,"stem":3808,"__hash__":3809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2230,"toc":3776},[2231,2234,2240,2243,2254,2257,2259,2322,2324,2344,2349,2353,2358,2361,2376,2379,2405,2408,2410,2413,2428,2431,2458,2460,2517,2519,2534,2544,2555,2559,2562,2615,2617,2636,2639,2663,2670,2674,2679,2685,2687,2724,2726,2735,2741,2758,2761,2773,2777,2782,2786,2789,2808,2810,2867,2869,2877,2880,2884,2916,2918,2926,2929,2933,2938,2986,2988,2996,3000,3059,3061,3069,3072,3074,3078,3081,3104,3113,3129,3179,3181,3196,3207,3211,3214,3243,3248,3252,3257,3298,3300,3311,3314,3357,3359,3367,3371,3376,3398,3400,3409,3418,3422,3427,3449,3451,3521,3523,3575,3578,3581,3584,3664,3666,3696,3698,3702,3705,3709,3712,3716,3719,3723,3735,3739,3742,3744,3773],[10,2232,2228],{"id":2233},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2235,935,2236,2239],{},[15,2237,2238],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2241,2242],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[30,2244,2245,2248,2251],{},[33,2246,2247],{},"a number without its negative sign",[33,2249,2250],{},"the distance between two numbers",[33,2252,2253],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2255,2256],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[43,2258,46],{"id":45},[48,2260,2262],{"className":50,"code":2261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2263,2264,2283,2298],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2265,2266,2268,2270,2273,2275,2278,2281],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2267,102],{"class":101},[57,2269,105],{"class":71},[57,2271,2272],{"class":101},"abs",[57,2274,105],{"class":71},[57,2276,2277],{"class":67},"-",[57,2279,2280],{"class":75},"7",[57,2282,117],{"class":71},[57,2284,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2296],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2286,102],{"class":101},[57,2288,105],{"class":71},[57,2290,2272],{"class":101},[57,2292,105],{"class":71},[57,2294,2295],{"class":75},"3.5",[57,2297,117],{"class":71},[57,2299,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308,2310,2312,2315,2317,2320],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,2301,102],{"class":101},[57,2303,105],{"class":71},[57,2305,2272],{"class":101},[57,2307,105],{"class":71},[57,2309,2277],{"class":67},[57,2311,1788],{"class":75},[57,2313,2314],{"class":67},"+",[57,2316,76],{"class":75},[57,2318,2319],{"class":1208},"j",[57,2321,117],{"class":71},[20,2323,216],{},[48,2325,2327],{"className":50,"code":2326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2328,2329,2334,2339],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2330,2331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2332,2333],{"class":75},"7\n",[57,2335,2336],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2337,2338],{"class":75},"3.5\n",[57,2340,2341],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,2342,2343],{"class":75},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2345,1806,2346,2348],{},[15,2347,2238],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[43,2350,2352],{"id":2351},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2354,2355,2357],{},[15,2356,2238],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2359,2360],{},"That means:",[30,2362,2363,2366,2369],{},[33,2364,2365],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[33,2367,2368],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[33,2370,2371,2373,2374],{},[15,2372,1294],{}," stays ",[15,2375,1294],{},[20,2377,2378],{},"Examples:",[30,2380,2381,2390,2398],{},[33,2382,2383,2386,2387],{},[15,2384,2385],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2388,2389],{},"5",[33,2391,2392,2386,2395],{},[15,2393,2394],{},"abs(9)",[15,2396,2397],{},"9",[33,2399,2400,2386,2403],{},[15,2401,2402],{},"abs(0)",[15,2404,1294],{},[20,2406,2407],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[43,2409,294],{"id":293},[20,2411,2412],{},"The syntax is:",[48,2414,2416],{"className":50,"code":2415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(x)\n",[15,2417,2418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2419,2420,2422,2424,2426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2421,2272],{"class":101},[57,2423,105],{"class":71},[57,2425,1956],{"class":113},[57,2427,316],{"class":71},[20,2429,2430],{},"Here:",[30,2432,2433,2450,2455],{},[33,2434,2435,2437,2438,2441,2442,2445,2446,2449],{},[15,2436,1956],{}," is usually an ",[15,2439,2440],{},"int",", ",[15,2443,2444],{},"float",", or ",[15,2447,2448],{},"complex"," number",[33,2451,2452,2454],{},[15,2453,2238],{}," returns a new value",[33,2456,2457],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2459,864],{},[48,2461,2463],{"className":50,"code":2462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2464,2465,2477,2493,2497,2507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2466,2467,2470,2472,2475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2468,2469],{"class":63},"number ",[57,2471,68],{"class":67},[57,2473,2474],{"class":67}," -",[57,2476,664],{"class":75},[57,2478,2479,2481,2483,2486,2488,2491],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2480,1336],{"class":63},[57,2482,68],{"class":67},[57,2484,2485],{"class":101}," abs",[57,2487,105],{"class":71},[57,2489,2490],{"class":113},"number",[57,2492,316],{"class":71},[57,2494,2495],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,2496,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,2498,2499,2501,2503,2505],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,2500,102],{"class":101},[57,2502,105],{"class":71},[57,2504,2490],{"class":113},[57,2506,316],{"class":71},[57,2508,2509,2511,2513,2515],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,2510,102],{"class":101},[57,2512,105],{"class":71},[57,2514,1368],{"class":113},[57,2516,316],{"class":71},[20,2518,216],{},[48,2520,2522],{"className":50,"code":2521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-12\n12\n",[15,2523,2524,2530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2525,2526,2528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2527,2277],{"class":67},[57,2529,664],{"class":75},[57,2531,2532],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2533,664],{"class":75},[20,2535,2536,2537,2539,2540,2543],{},"Notice that ",[15,2538,2490],{}," is still ",[15,2541,2542],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2545,2546,2547,2554],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[614,2548,2550,2553],{"href":2549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2551,2552],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[43,2556,2558],{"id":2557},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2560,2561],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[48,2563,2565],{"className":50,"code":2564,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2566,2567,2583,2598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2568,2569,2571,2573,2575,2577,2579,2581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2570,102],{"class":101},[57,2572,105],{"class":71},[57,2574,2272],{"class":101},[57,2576,105],{"class":71},[57,2578,2277],{"class":67},[57,2580,1561],{"class":75},[57,2582,117],{"class":71},[57,2584,2585,2587,2589,2591,2593,2596],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2586,102],{"class":101},[57,2588,105],{"class":71},[57,2590,2272],{"class":101},[57,2592,105],{"class":71},[57,2594,2595],{"class":75},"8",[57,2597,117],{"class":71},[57,2599,2600,2602,2604,2606,2608,2610,2613],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,2601,102],{"class":101},[57,2603,105],{"class":71},[57,2605,2272],{"class":101},[57,2607,105],{"class":71},[57,2609,2277],{"class":67},[57,2611,2612],{"class":75},"4.2",[57,2614,117],{"class":71},[20,2616,216],{},[48,2618,2620],{"className":50,"code":2619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2621,2622,2627,2631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2623,2624],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2625,2626],{"class":75},"10\n",[57,2628,2629],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2630,226],{"class":75},[57,2632,2633],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,2634,2635],{"class":75},"4.2\n",[20,2637,2638],{},"What each line does:",[30,2640,2641,2649,2656],{},[33,2642,2643,2646,2647],{},[15,2644,2645],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2648,1561],{},[33,2650,2651,2646,2654],{},[15,2652,2653],{},"abs(8)",[15,2655,2595],{},[33,2657,2658,2646,2661],{},[15,2659,2660],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2662,2612],{},[20,2664,2665,2666,620],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[614,2667,2669],{"href":2668},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[43,2671,2673],{"id":2672},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2675,2676,2678],{},[15,2677,2238],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2680,2681,2682,2684],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2683,1294],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2686,864],{},[48,2688,2690],{"className":50,"code":2689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2691,2692,2710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2693,2694,2697,2699,2701,2704,2707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2695,2696],{"class":63},"value ",[57,2698,68],{"class":67},[57,2700,1793],{"class":75},[57,2702,2703],{"class":67}," +",[57,2705,2706],{"class":75}," 4",[57,2708,2709],{"class":1208},"j\n",[57,2711,2712,2714,2716,2718,2720,2722],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2713,102],{"class":101},[57,2715,105],{"class":71},[57,2717,2272],{"class":101},[57,2719,105],{"class":71},[57,2721,364],{"class":113},[57,2723,117],{"class":71},[20,2725,216],{},[48,2727,2729],{"className":50,"code":2728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n",[15,2730,2731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2732,2733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2734,2728],{"class":75},[20,2736,2737,2738,2053],{},"Why ",[15,2739,2740],{},"5.0",[30,2742,2743,2748,2753],{},[33,2744,2745,2746],{},"the real part is ",[15,2747,76],{},[33,2749,2750,2751],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2752,647],{},[33,2754,2755,2756],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2757,2740],{},[20,2759,2760],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[30,2762,2763,2770],{},[33,2764,2765,2767,2768],{},[15,2766,2238],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2769,2444],{},[33,2771,2772],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[43,2774,2776],{"id":2775},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2778,2779,2780,620],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2781,2238],{},[943,2783,2785],{"id":2784},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2787,2788],{},"A very common pattern is:",[48,2790,2792],{"className":50,"code":2791,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2793,2794],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2795,2796,2798,2800,2802,2804,2806],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2797,2272],{"class":101},[57,2799,105],{"class":71},[57,2801,686],{"class":113},[57,2803,2277],{"class":67},[57,2805,733],{"class":113},[57,2807,316],{"class":71},[20,2809,864],{},[48,2811,2813],{"className":50,"code":2812,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2814,2815,2824,2833,2837,2856],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2816,2817,2819,2821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2818,686],{"class":63},[57,2820,68],{"class":67},[57,2822,2823],{"class":75}," 3\n",[57,2825,2826,2828,2830],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2827,696],{"class":63},[57,2829,68],{"class":67},[57,2831,2832],{"class":75}," 10\n",[57,2834,2835],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,2836,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,2838,2839,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850,2852,2854],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,2840,2841],{"class":63},"distance ",[57,2843,68],{"class":67},[57,2845,2485],{"class":101},[57,2847,105],{"class":71},[57,2849,686],{"class":113},[57,2851,2277],{"class":67},[57,2853,733],{"class":113},[57,2855,316],{"class":71},[57,2857,2858,2860,2862,2865],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,2859,102],{"class":101},[57,2861,105],{"class":71},[57,2863,2864],{"class":113},"distance",[57,2866,316],{"class":71},[20,2868,216],{},[48,2870,2871],{"className":50,"code":2333,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2872,2873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2874,2875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2876,2333],{"class":75},[20,2878,2879],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[943,2881,2883],{"id":2882},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[48,2885,2887],{"className":50,"code":2886,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2888,2889,2901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2890,2891,2894,2896,2898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2892,2893],{"class":63},"temperature_change ",[57,2895,68],{"class":67},[57,2897,2474],{"class":67},[57,2899,2900],{"class":75},"6\n",[57,2902,2903,2905,2907,2909,2911,2914],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2904,102],{"class":101},[57,2906,105],{"class":71},[57,2908,2272],{"class":101},[57,2910,105],{"class":71},[57,2912,2913],{"class":113},"temperature_change",[57,2915,117],{"class":71},[20,2917,216],{},[48,2919,2920],{"className":50,"code":2900,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2921,2922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2923,2924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2925,2900],{"class":75},[20,2927,2928],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[943,2930,2932],{"id":2931},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2934,2935,2936,2554],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2937,2238],{},[48,2939,2941],{"className":50,"code":2940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2942,2943,2955,2971,2975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2944,2945,2948,2950,2952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2946,2947],{"class":63},"balance_change ",[57,2949,68],{"class":67},[57,2951,2474],{"class":67},[57,2953,2954],{"class":75},"25\n",[57,2956,2957,2960,2962,2964,2966,2969],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,2958,2959],{"class":63},"safe_value ",[57,2961,68],{"class":67},[57,2963,2485],{"class":101},[57,2965,105],{"class":71},[57,2967,2968],{"class":113},"balance_change",[57,2970,316],{"class":71},[57,2972,2973],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,2974,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,2976,2977,2979,2981,2984],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,2978,102],{"class":101},[57,2980,105],{"class":71},[57,2982,2983],{"class":113},"safe_value",[57,2985,316],{"class":71},[20,2987,216],{},[48,2989,2990],{"className":50,"code":2954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,2991,2992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,2993,2994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,2995,2954],{"class":75},[943,2997,2999],{"id":2998},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[48,3001,3003],{"className":50,"code":3002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,3004,3005,3014,3024,3028,3048],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3006,3007,3010,3012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3008,3009],{"class":63},"guess ",[57,3011,68],{"class":67},[57,3013,701],{"class":75},[57,3015,3016,3019,3021],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3017,3018],{"class":63},"target ",[57,3020,68],{"class":67},[57,3022,3023],{"class":75}," 50\n",[57,3025,3026],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3027,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,3029,3030,3033,3035,3037,3039,3041,3043,3046],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,3031,3032],{"class":63},"difference ",[57,3034,68],{"class":67},[57,3036,2485],{"class":101},[57,3038,105],{"class":71},[57,3040,3009],{"class":113},[57,3042,2277],{"class":67},[57,3044,3045],{"class":113}," target",[57,3047,316],{"class":71},[57,3049,3050,3052,3054,3057],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,3051,102],{"class":101},[57,3053,105],{"class":71},[57,3055,3056],{"class":113},"difference",[57,3058,316],{"class":71},[20,3060,216],{},[48,3062,3063],{"className":50,"code":226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3064,3065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3066,3067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3068,226],{"class":75},[20,3070,3071],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[43,3073,1829],{"id":1828},[943,3075,3077],{"id":3076},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3079,3080],{},"This causes an error:",[48,3082,3084],{"className":50,"code":3083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3085,3086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3087,3088,3090,3092,3094,3096,3098,3100,3102],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3089,102],{"class":101},[57,3091,105],{"class":71},[57,3093,2272],{"class":101},[57,3095,105],{"class":71},[57,3097,170],{"class":169},[57,3099,2389],{"class":173},[57,3101,170],{"class":169},[57,3103,117],{"class":71},[20,3105,3106,3109,3110,3112],{},[15,3107,3108],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3111,2238],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3114,3115,3116,3122,3123,270],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[614,3117,3119],{"href":3118},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3120,3121],{},"int()"," or ",[614,3124,3126],{"href":3125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3127,3128],{},"float()",[48,3130,3132],{"className":50,"code":3131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3133,3134,3156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3135,3136,3138,3140,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3137,102],{"class":101},[57,3139,105],{"class":71},[57,3141,2272],{"class":101},[57,3143,105],{"class":71},[57,3145,2440],{"class":1102},[57,3147,105],{"class":71},[57,3149,170],{"class":169},[57,3151,2389],{"class":173},[57,3153,170],{"class":169},[57,3155,1225],{"class":71},[57,3157,3158,3160,3162,3164,3166,3168,3170,3172,3175,3177],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3159,102],{"class":101},[57,3161,105],{"class":71},[57,3163,2272],{"class":101},[57,3165,105],{"class":71},[57,3167,2444],{"class":1102},[57,3169,105],{"class":71},[57,3171,170],{"class":169},[57,3173,3174],{"class":173},"-3.2",[57,3176,170],{"class":169},[57,3178,1225],{"class":71},[20,3180,216],{},[48,3182,3184],{"className":50,"code":3183,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3185,3186,3191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3187,3188],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3189,3190],{"class":75},"5\n",[57,3192,3193],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3194,3195],{"class":75},"3.2\n",[20,3197,3198,3199,3202,3203,620],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3200,3201],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[614,3204,3206],{"href":3205},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[943,3208,3210],{"id":3209},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3212,3213],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[48,3215,3217],{"className":50,"code":3216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3218,3219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3220,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3232,3234,3236,3238,3240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3222,102],{"class":101},[57,3224,105],{"class":71},[57,3226,2272],{"class":101},[57,3228,1949],{"class":71},[57,3230,3231],{"class":75},"1",[57,3233,79],{"class":71},[57,3235,87],{"class":75},[57,3237,79],{"class":71},[57,3239,1793],{"class":75},[57,3241,3242],{"class":71},"]))\n",[20,3244,1674,3245,3247],{},[15,3246,1539],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[943,3249,3251],{"id":3250},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3253,3254,3256],{},[15,3255,2238],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[48,3258,3260],{"className":50,"code":3259,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3261,3262,3274,3284,3288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3263,3264,3267,3269,3271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3265,3266],{"class":63},"x ",[57,3268,68],{"class":67},[57,3270,2474],{"class":67},[57,3272,3273],{"class":75},"9\n",[57,3275,3276,3278,3280,3282],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3277,2272],{"class":101},[57,3279,105],{"class":71},[57,3281,1956],{"class":113},[57,3283,316],{"class":71},[57,3285,3286],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3287,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,3289,3290,3292,3294,3296],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,3291,102],{"class":101},[57,3293,105],{"class":71},[57,3295,1956],{"class":113},[57,3297,316],{"class":71},[20,3299,216],{},[48,3301,3303],{"className":50,"code":3302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-9\n",[15,3304,3305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3306,3307,3309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3308,2277],{"class":67},[57,3310,3273],{"class":75},[20,3312,3313],{},"If you want to store the result:",[48,3315,3317],{"className":50,"code":3316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3318,3319,3329,3343,3347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3320,3321,3323,3325,3327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3322,3266],{"class":63},[57,3324,68],{"class":67},[57,3326,2474],{"class":67},[57,3328,3273],{"class":75},[57,3330,3331,3333,3335,3337,3339,3341],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3332,3266],{"class":63},[57,3334,68],{"class":67},[57,3336,2485],{"class":101},[57,3338,105],{"class":71},[57,3340,1956],{"class":113},[57,3342,316],{"class":71},[57,3344,3345],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3346,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,3348,3349,3351,3353,3355],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,3350,102],{"class":101},[57,3352,105],{"class":71},[57,3354,1956],{"class":113},[57,3356,316],{"class":71},[20,3358,216],{},[48,3360,3361],{"className":50,"code":3273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,3362,3363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3364,3365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3366,3273],{"class":75},[943,3368,3370],{"id":3369},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3372,3373,3375],{},[15,3374,2238],{}," does not round numbers.",[48,3377,3379],{"className":50,"code":3378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3380,3381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3382,3383,3385,3387,3389,3391,3393,3396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3384,102],{"class":101},[57,3386,105],{"class":71},[57,3388,2272],{"class":101},[57,3390,105],{"class":71},[57,3392,2277],{"class":67},[57,3394,3395],{"class":75},"4.7",[57,3397,117],{"class":71},[20,3399,216],{},[48,3401,3403],{"className":50,"code":3402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.7\n",[15,3404,3405],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3406,3407],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3408,3402],{"class":75},[20,3410,3411,3412,3414,3415,3417],{},"If you expected ",[15,3413,2389],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3416,2238],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[43,3419,3421],{"id":3420},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3423,3424,3426],{},[15,3425,2238],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[30,3428,3429,3436,3443],{},[33,3430,3431,3433,3434],{},[15,3432,2440],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3435,2440],{},[33,3437,3438,3440,3441],{},[15,3439,2444],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3442,2444],{},[33,3444,3445,3440,3447],{},[15,3446,2448],{},[15,3448,2444],{},[20,3450,864],{},[48,3452,3454],{"className":50,"code":3453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3455,3456,3476,3497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3457,3458,3460,3462,3464,3466,3468,3470,3472,3474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3459,102],{"class":101},[57,3461,105],{"class":71},[57,3463,1886],{"class":1102},[57,3465,105],{"class":71},[57,3467,2272],{"class":101},[57,3469,105],{"class":71},[57,3471,2277],{"class":67},[57,3473,2389],{"class":75},[57,3475,1225],{"class":71},[57,3477,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3488,3490,3492,3495],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3479,102],{"class":101},[57,3481,105],{"class":71},[57,3483,1886],{"class":1102},[57,3485,105],{"class":71},[57,3487,2272],{"class":101},[57,3489,105],{"class":71},[57,3491,2277],{"class":67},[57,3493,3494],{"class":75},"3.2",[57,3496,1225],{"class":71},[57,3498,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3500,102],{"class":101},[57,3502,105],{"class":71},[57,3504,1886],{"class":1102},[57,3506,105],{"class":71},[57,3508,2272],{"class":101},[57,3510,105],{"class":71},[57,3512,76],{"class":75},[57,3514,2703],{"class":67},[57,3516,2706],{"class":75},[57,3518,2319],{"class":1208},[57,3520,1225],{"class":71},[20,3522,216],{},[48,3524,3526],{"className":50,"code":3525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3527,3528,3547,3561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3529,3530,3533,3536,3539,3541,3544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3531,3532],{"class":67},"\u003C",[57,3534,3535],{"class":1208},"class",[57,3537,3538],{"class":169}," '",[57,3540,2440],{"class":173},[57,3542,3543],{"class":169},"'",[57,3545,3546],{"class":67},">\n",[57,3548,3549,3551,3553,3555,3557,3559],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3550,3532],{"class":67},[57,3552,3535],{"class":1208},[57,3554,3538],{"class":169},[57,3556,2444],{"class":173},[57,3558,3543],{"class":169},[57,3560,3546],{"class":67},[57,3562,3563,3565,3567,3569,3571,3573],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3564,3532],{"class":67},[57,3566,3535],{"class":1208},[57,3568,3538],{"class":169},[57,3570,2444],{"class":173},[57,3572,3543],{"class":169},[57,3574,3546],{"class":67},[20,3576,3577],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3579,3580],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3582,3583],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[48,3585,3587],{"className":50,"code":3586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3588,3589,3603,3613,3627,3631,3645],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3590,3591,3593,3595,3597,3600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3592,2696],{"class":63},[57,3594,68],{"class":67},[57,3596,181],{"class":169},[57,3598,3599],{"class":173},"-5",[57,3601,3602],{"class":169},"\"\n",[57,3604,3605,3607,3609,3611],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3606,102],{"class":101},[57,3608,105],{"class":71},[57,3610,364],{"class":113},[57,3612,316],{"class":71},[57,3614,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3616,102],{"class":101},[57,3618,105],{"class":71},[57,3620,1886],{"class":1102},[57,3622,105],{"class":71},[57,3624,364],{"class":113},[57,3626,117],{"class":71},[57,3628,3629],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,3630,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,3632,3633,3636,3638,3640,3643],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,3634,3635],{"class":63},"user_input ",[57,3637,68],{"class":67},[57,3639,181],{"class":169},[57,3641,3642],{"class":173},"-3.7",[57,3644,3602],{"class":169},[57,3646,3647,3649,3651,3653,3655,3657,3659,3662],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,3648,102],{"class":101},[57,3650,105],{"class":71},[57,3652,2272],{"class":101},[57,3654,105],{"class":71},[57,3656,2444],{"class":1102},[57,3658,105],{"class":71},[57,3660,3661],{"class":113},"user_input",[57,3663,1225],{"class":71},[20,3665,216],{},[48,3667,3669],{"className":50,"code":3668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3670,3671,3677,3691],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3672,3673,3675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3674,2277],{"class":67},[57,3676,3190],{"class":75},[57,3678,3679,3681,3683,3685,3687,3689],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3680,3532],{"class":67},[57,3682,3535],{"class":1208},[57,3684,3538],{"class":169},[57,3686,1103],{"class":173},[57,3688,3543],{"class":169},[57,3690,3546],{"class":67},[57,3692,3693],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3694,3695],{"class":75},"3.7\n",[43,3697,2011],{"id":2010},[943,3699,3701],{"id":3700},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3703,3704],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[943,3706,3708],{"id":3707},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3710,3711],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[943,3713,3715],{"id":3714},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3717,3718],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[943,3720,3722],{"id":3721},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3724,3725,3727,3728,3122,3730,3732,3733,620],{},[15,3726,3201],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3729,3121],{},[15,3731,3128],{}," before using ",[15,3734,2238],{},[943,3736,3738],{"id":3737},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3740,3741],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[43,3743,2135],{"id":2134},[30,3745,3746,3752,3758,3764,3769],{},[33,3747,3748],{},[614,3749,3750,2144],{"href":3118},[15,3751,3121],{},[33,3753,3754],{},[614,3755,3756,2144],{"href":3125},[15,3757,3128],{},[33,3759,3760],{},[614,3761,3762,2144],{"href":2549},[15,3763,2552],{},[33,3765,3766],{},[614,3767,3768],{"href":3205},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[33,3770,3771],{},[614,3772,2669],{"href":2668},[2172,3774,3775],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":3777},[3778,3779,3780,3781,3782,3783,3789,3795,3796,3803],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":2351,"depth":98,"text":2352},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":2557,"depth":98,"text":2558},{"id":2672,"depth":98,"text":2673},{"id":2775,"depth":98,"text":2776,"children":3784},[3785,3786,3787,3788],{"id":2784,"depth":120,"text":2785},{"id":2882,"depth":120,"text":2883},{"id":2931,"depth":120,"text":2932},{"id":2998,"depth":120,"text":2999},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":3790},[3791,3792,3793,3794],{"id":3076,"depth":120,"text":3077},{"id":3209,"depth":120,"text":3210},{"id":3250,"depth":120,"text":3251},{"id":3369,"depth":120,"text":3370},{"id":3420,"depth":98,"text":3421},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":3797},[3798,3799,3800,3801,3802],{"id":3700,"depth":120,"text":3701},{"id":3707,"depth":120,"text":3708},{"id":3714,"depth":120,"text":3715},{"id":3721,"depth":120,"text":3722},{"id":3737,"depth":120,"text":3738},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2228,"description":3804},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3811,"title":3812,"body":3813,"description":5501,"extension":2219,"meta":5502,"navigation":123,"path":5503,"seo":5504,"stem":5505,"__hash__":5506},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3814,"toc":5465},[3815,3821,3827,3830,3847,3851,3905,3915,3920,3924,3943,3946,3962,3965,3969,3977,3994,3997,4036,4039,4046,4052,4124,4126,4157,4163,4167,4171,4210,4212,4221,4228,4232,4271,4273,4282,4292,4296,4348,4350,4358,4361,4364,4411,4413,4421,4427,4434,4439,4442,4445,4512,4514,4522,4525,4592,4594,4602,4616,4619,4630,4634,4640,4643,4645,4661,4663,4671,4674,4677,4680,4697,4700,4703,4733,4735,4748,4752,4756,4759,4774,4779,4782,4809,4816,4819,4858,4864,4870,4878,4881,4933,4940,5005,5010,5019,5022,5040,5046,5049,5191,5197,5202,5205,5216,5219,5275,5277,5285,5288,5346,5348,5356,5359,5370,5372,5377,5386,5395,5398,5404,5407,5415,5428,5430,5462],[10,3816,13,3818,18],{"id":3817},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3819,3820],{},"all()",[20,3822,3823,3824,3826],{},"Python’s ",[15,3825,3820],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3828,3829],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[30,3831,3832,3835,3838],{},[33,3833,3834],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[33,3836,3837],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[33,3839,3840,2646,3843,3846],{},[15,3841,3842],{},"all([])",[15,3844,3845],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[43,3848,3850],{"id":3849},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[48,3852,3854],{"className":50,"code":3853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3855,3856,3876,3891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3857,3858,3860,3862,3864,3866,3868,3870,3872,3874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3859,64],{"class":63},[57,3861,68],{"class":67},[57,3863,72],{"class":71},[57,3865,3231],{"class":75},[57,3867,79],{"class":71},[57,3869,87],{"class":75},[57,3871,79],{"class":71},[57,3873,1793],{"class":75},[57,3875,95],{"class":71},[57,3877,3878,3880,3882,3885,3887,3889],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,3879,1336],{"class":63},[57,3881,68],{"class":67},[57,3883,3884],{"class":101}," all",[57,3886,105],{"class":71},[57,3888,114],{"class":113},[57,3890,316],{"class":71},[57,3892,3893,3895,3897,3899,3901],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,3894,102],{"class":101},[57,3896,105],{"class":71},[57,3898,1368],{"class":113},[57,3900,1959],{"class":71},[57,3902,3904],{"class":3903},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3906,3907,2646,3909,3911,3912,620],{},[15,3908,3820],{},[15,3910,3845],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3913,3914],{},"False",[43,3916,262,3918,265],{"id":3917},"what-all-does",[15,3919,3820],{},[20,3921,3922,270],{},[15,3923,3820],{},[30,3925,3926,3929,3935,3940],{},[33,3927,3928],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[33,3930,3931,3932,3934],{},"returns ",[15,3933,3845],{}," if all items are truthy",[33,3936,3931,3937,3939],{},[15,3938,3914],{}," if any item is falsy",[33,3941,3942],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3944,3945],{},"Basic syntax:",[48,3947,3949],{"className":50,"code":3948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3950,3951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,3952,3953,3956,3958,3960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,3954,3955],{"class":101},"all",[57,3957,105],{"class":71},[57,3959,313],{"class":113},[57,3961,316],{"class":71},[20,3963,3964],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[43,3966,3968],{"id":3967},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3970,3971,3972,3122,3974,3976],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3973,3845],{},[15,3975,3914],{}," in conditions.",[30,3978,3979,3987],{},[33,3980,3981,3984,3985],{},[1399,3982,3983],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3986,3845],{},[33,3988,3989,3984,3992],{},[1399,3990,3991],{},"Falsy",[15,3993,3914],{},[20,3995,3996],{},"Common falsy values include:",[30,3998,3999,4003,4008,4013,4017,4021,4026,4031],{},[33,4000,4001],{},[15,4002,1294],{},[33,4004,4005],{},[15,4006,4007],{},"0.0",[33,4009,4010],{},[15,4011,4012],{},"''",[33,4014,4015],{},[15,4016,1524],{},[33,4018,4019],{},[15,4020,3914],{},[33,4022,4023],{},[15,4024,4025],{},"[]",[33,4027,4028],{},[15,4029,4030],{},"{}",[33,4032,4033],{},[15,4034,4035],{},"set()",[20,4037,4038],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,4040,4041,4042,620],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[614,4043,4045],{"href":4044},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,4047,4048,4049,270],{},"You can test this with ",[15,4050,4051],{},"bool()",[48,4053,4055],{"className":50,"code":4054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,4056,4057,4094,4098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4058,4059,4062,4064,4066,4068,4070,4073,4075,4078,4080,4082,4085,4087,4089,4092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4060,4061],{"class":63},"values ",[57,4063,68],{"class":67},[57,4065,72],{"class":71},[57,4067,3231],{"class":75},[57,4069,79],{"class":71},[57,4071,4072],{"class":75}," 0",[57,4074,79],{"class":71},[57,4076,4077],{"class":169}," ''",[57,4079,79],{"class":71},[57,4081,3538],{"class":169},[57,4083,4084],{"class":173},"hello",[57,4086,3543],{"class":169},[57,4088,79],{"class":71},[57,4090,4091],{"class":1523}," None",[57,4093,95],{"class":71},[57,4095,4096],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4097,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,4099,4100,4102,4104,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115,4117,4119,4122],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,4101,102],{"class":101},[57,4103,1949],{"class":71},[57,4105,4106],{"class":1102},"bool",[57,4108,105],{"class":71},[57,4110,1956],{"class":113},[57,4112,1959],{"class":71},[57,4114,1963],{"class":1962},[57,4116,1966],{"class":113},[57,4118,1969],{"class":1962},[57,4120,4121],{"class":113}," values",[57,4123,1975],{"class":71},[20,4125,216],{},[48,4127,4129],{"className":50,"code":4128,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4130,4131],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4132,4133,4135,4137,4139,4142,4144,4146,4148,4151,4153,4155],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4134,1785],{"class":71},[57,4136,3845],{"class":1523},[57,4138,79],{"class":71},[57,4140,4141],{"class":1523}," False",[57,4143,79],{"class":71},[57,4145,4141],{"class":1523},[57,4147,79],{"class":71},[57,4149,4150],{"class":1523}," True",[57,4152,79],{"class":71},[57,4154,4141],{"class":1523},[57,4156,95],{"class":71},[20,4158,4159,4160,4162],{},"This matters because ",[15,4161,3820],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[43,4164,4166],{"id":4165},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[943,4168,4170],{"id":4169},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[48,4172,4174],{"className":50,"code":4173,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4175,4176,4196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4177,4178,4180,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4179,64],{"class":63},[57,4181,68],{"class":67},[57,4183,72],{"class":71},[57,4185,3231],{"class":75},[57,4187,79],{"class":71},[57,4189,87],{"class":75},[57,4191,79],{"class":71},[57,4193,1793],{"class":75},[57,4195,95],{"class":71},[57,4197,4198,4200,4202,4204,4206,4208],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4199,102],{"class":101},[57,4201,105],{"class":71},[57,4203,3955],{"class":101},[57,4205,105],{"class":71},[57,4207,114],{"class":113},[57,4209,117],{"class":71},[20,4211,216],{},[48,4213,4215],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n",[15,4216,4217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4218,4219],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4220,4214],{"class":1523},[20,4222,4223,4224,2646,4226,620],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4225,3820],{},[15,4227,3845],{},[943,4229,4231],{"id":4230},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[48,4233,4235],{"className":50,"code":4234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4236,4237,4257],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4238,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4240,64],{"class":63},[57,4242,68],{"class":67},[57,4244,72],{"class":71},[57,4246,3231],{"class":75},[57,4248,79],{"class":71},[57,4250,4072],{"class":75},[57,4252,79],{"class":71},[57,4254,1793],{"class":75},[57,4256,95],{"class":71},[57,4258,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4260,102],{"class":101},[57,4262,105],{"class":71},[57,4264,3955],{"class":101},[57,4266,105],{"class":71},[57,4268,114],{"class":113},[57,4270,117],{"class":71},[20,4272,216],{},[48,4274,4276],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\n",[15,4277,4278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4279,4280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4281,4275],{"class":1523},[20,4283,4284,4285,4287,4288,2646,4290,620],{},"The value ",[15,4286,1294],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4289,3820],{},[15,4291,3914],{},[943,4293,4295],{"id":4294},"example-strings","Example: strings",[48,4297,4299],{"className":50,"code":4298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4300,4301,4334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4302,4303,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4330,4332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4304,162],{"class":63},[57,4306,68],{"class":67},[57,4308,72],{"class":71},[57,4310,3543],{"class":169},[57,4312,174],{"class":173},[57,4314,3543],{"class":169},[57,4316,79],{"class":71},[57,4318,3538],{"class":169},[57,4320,184],{"class":173},[57,4322,3543],{"class":169},[57,4324,79],{"class":71},[57,4326,3538],{"class":169},[57,4328,4329],{"class":173},"cherry",[57,4331,3543],{"class":169},[57,4333,95],{"class":71},[57,4335,4336,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4337,102],{"class":101},[57,4339,105],{"class":71},[57,4341,3955],{"class":101},[57,4343,105],{"class":71},[57,4345,211],{"class":113},[57,4347,117],{"class":71},[20,4349,216],{},[48,4351,4352],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4353,4354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4355,4356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4357,4214],{"class":1523},[20,4359,4360],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4362,4363],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[48,4365,4367],{"className":50,"code":4366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4368,4369,4397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4370,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4372,162],{"class":63},[57,4374,68],{"class":67},[57,4376,72],{"class":71},[57,4378,3543],{"class":169},[57,4380,174],{"class":173},[57,4382,3543],{"class":169},[57,4384,79],{"class":71},[57,4386,4077],{"class":169},[57,4388,79],{"class":71},[57,4390,3538],{"class":169},[57,4392,4329],{"class":173},[57,4394,3543],{"class":169},[57,4396,95],{"class":71},[57,4398,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4400,102],{"class":101},[57,4402,105],{"class":71},[57,4404,3955],{"class":101},[57,4406,105],{"class":71},[57,4408,211],{"class":113},[57,4410,117],{"class":71},[20,4412,216],{},[48,4414,4415],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4416,4417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4418,4419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4420,4275],{"class":1523},[20,4422,4423,4424,4426],{},"The empty string ",[15,4425,4012],{}," is falsy.",[43,4428,4430,4431,4433],{"id":4429},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4432,3820],{}," works with conditions",[20,4435,4436,4438],{},[15,4437,3820],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4440,4441],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4443,4444],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[48,4446,4448],{"className":50,"code":4447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4449,4450,4470,4498,4502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4451,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464,4466,4468],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4453,64],{"class":63},[57,4455,68],{"class":67},[57,4457,72],{"class":71},[57,4459,3231],{"class":75},[57,4461,79],{"class":71},[57,4463,87],{"class":75},[57,4465,79],{"class":71},[57,4467,1793],{"class":75},[57,4469,95],{"class":71},[57,4471,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4496],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4473,1336],{"class":63},[57,4475,68],{"class":67},[57,4477,3884],{"class":101},[57,4479,105],{"class":71},[57,4481,3266],{"class":113},[57,4483,4484],{"class":67},">",[57,4486,4072],{"class":75},[57,4488,1963],{"class":1962},[57,4490,1966],{"class":113},[57,4492,1969],{"class":1962},[57,4494,4495],{"class":113}," numbers",[57,4497,316],{"class":71},[57,4499,4500],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,4501,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,4503,4504,4506,4508,4510],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,4505,102],{"class":101},[57,4507,105],{"class":71},[57,4509,1368],{"class":113},[57,4511,316],{"class":71},[20,4513,216],{},[48,4515,4516],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4517,4518],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4519,4520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4521,4214],{"class":1523},[20,4523,4524],{},"Here is one that fails:",[48,4526,4528],{"className":50,"code":4527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4529,4530,4552,4578,4582],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4531,4532,4534,4536,4538,4540,4542,4544,4546,4548,4550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4533,64],{"class":63},[57,4535,68],{"class":67},[57,4537,72],{"class":71},[57,4539,3231],{"class":75},[57,4541,79],{"class":71},[57,4543,2474],{"class":67},[57,4545,1788],{"class":75},[57,4547,79],{"class":71},[57,4549,1793],{"class":75},[57,4551,95],{"class":71},[57,4553,4554,4556,4558,4560,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4555,1336],{"class":63},[57,4557,68],{"class":67},[57,4559,3884],{"class":101},[57,4561,105],{"class":71},[57,4563,3266],{"class":113},[57,4565,4484],{"class":67},[57,4567,4072],{"class":75},[57,4569,1963],{"class":1962},[57,4571,1966],{"class":113},[57,4573,1969],{"class":1962},[57,4575,4495],{"class":113},[57,4577,316],{"class":71},[57,4579,4580],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,4581,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,4583,4584,4586,4588,4590],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,4585,102],{"class":101},[57,4587,105],{"class":71},[57,4589,1368],{"class":113},[57,4591,316],{"class":71},[20,4593,216],{},[48,4595,4596],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4597,4598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4599,4600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4601,4275],{"class":1523},[20,4603,4604,4605,4608,4609,4611,4612,2646,4614,620],{},"The expression ",[15,4606,4607],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4610,3845],{},", then ",[15,4613,3820],{},[15,4615,3845],{},[20,4617,4618],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4620,4621,4622,1242,4626,620],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[614,4623,4625],{"href":4624},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[614,4627,4629],{"href":4628},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[43,4631,4633],{"id":4632},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4635,4636,2646,4638,620],{},[15,4637,3842],{},[15,4639,3845],{},[20,4641,4642],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4644,864],{},[48,4646,4648],{"className":50,"code":4647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4649,4650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4651,4652,4654,4656,4658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4653,102],{"class":101},[57,4655,105],{"class":71},[57,4657,3955],{"class":101},[57,4659,4660],{"class":71},"([]))\n",[20,4662,216],{},[48,4664,4665],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4666,4667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4668,4669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4670,4214],{"class":1523},[20,4672,4673],{},"Why?",[20,4675,4676],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4678,4679],{},"Think of it this way:",[30,4681,4682,4689,4692],{},[33,4683,4684,2646,4686,4688],{},[15,4685,3820],{},[15,4687,3914],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[33,4690,4691],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[33,4693,4694,4695],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4696,3914],{},[20,4698,4699],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4701,4702],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[48,4704,4706],{"className":50,"code":4705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4707,4708,4719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4709,4710,4712,4714,4716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4711,102],{"class":101},[57,4713,105],{"class":71},[57,4715,3955],{"class":101},[57,4717,4718],{"class":71},"(()))\n",[57,4720,4721,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4722,102],{"class":101},[57,4724,105],{"class":71},[57,4726,3955],{"class":101},[57,4728,105],{"class":71},[57,4730,4012],{"class":169},[57,4732,117],{"class":71},[20,4734,216],{},[48,4736,4738],{"className":50,"code":4737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4739,4740,4744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4741,4742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4743,4214],{"class":1523},[57,4745,4746],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4747,4214],{"class":1523},[43,4749,4751],{"id":4750},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[943,4753,4755],{"id":4754},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4757,4758],{},"This is wrong:",[48,4760,4762],{"className":50,"code":4761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4763,4764,4769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4765,4766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4767,4768],{"class":3903},"# Wrong\n",[57,4770,4771],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4772,4773],{"class":3903},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4775,4776,4778],{},[15,4777,3820],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4780,4781],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[48,4783,4785],{"className":50,"code":4784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4786,4787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4788,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803,4805,4807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4790,102],{"class":101},[57,4792,105],{"class":71},[57,4794,3955],{"class":101},[57,4796,1949],{"class":71},[57,4798,3231],{"class":75},[57,4800,79],{"class":71},[57,4802,87],{"class":75},[57,4804,79],{"class":71},[57,4806,1793],{"class":75},[57,4808,3242],{"class":71},[943,4810,4812,4813,4815],{"id":4811},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4814,3820],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4817,4818],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[48,4820,4822],{"className":50,"code":4821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4823,4824,4844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4825,4826,4828,4830,4832,4834,4836,4838,4840,4842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4827,64],{"class":63},[57,4829,68],{"class":67},[57,4831,72],{"class":71},[57,4833,2389],{"class":75},[57,4835,79],{"class":71},[57,4837,92],{"class":75},[57,4839,79],{"class":71},[57,4841,92],{"class":75},[57,4843,95],{"class":71},[57,4845,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4847,102],{"class":101},[57,4849,105],{"class":71},[57,4851,3955],{"class":101},[57,4853,105],{"class":71},[57,4855,114],{"class":113},[57,4857,117],{"class":71},[20,4859,4860,4861,4863],{},"This does ",[1399,4862,1401],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4865,4866,4867,4869],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4868,2389],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[48,4871,4872],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,4873,4874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4875,4876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4877,4214],{"class":1523},[20,4879,4880],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[48,4882,4884],{"className":50,"code":4883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4885,4886,4906],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4887,4888,4890,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900,4902,4904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4889,64],{"class":63},[57,4891,68],{"class":67},[57,4893,72],{"class":71},[57,4895,2389],{"class":75},[57,4897,79],{"class":71},[57,4899,92],{"class":75},[57,4901,79],{"class":71},[57,4903,92],{"class":75},[57,4905,95],{"class":71},[57,4907,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916,4918,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4909,102],{"class":101},[57,4911,105],{"class":71},[57,4913,3955],{"class":101},[57,4915,105],{"class":71},[57,4917,3266],{"class":113},[57,4919,4920],{"class":67},"==",[57,4922,92],{"class":75},[57,4924,1963],{"class":1962},[57,4926,1966],{"class":113},[57,4928,1969],{"class":1962},[57,4930,4495],{"class":113},[57,4932,117],{"class":71},[943,4934,4936,4937,4939],{"id":4935},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4938,1294],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[48,4941,4943],{"className":50,"code":4942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4944,4945,4971],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,4946,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4959,4961,4963,4965,4968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,4948,102],{"class":101},[57,4950,105],{"class":71},[57,4952,3955],{"class":101},[57,4954,1949],{"class":71},[57,4956,3231],{"class":75},[57,4958,79],{"class":71},[57,4960,87],{"class":75},[57,4962,79],{"class":71},[57,4964,4072],{"class":75},[57,4966,4967],{"class":71},"]))",[57,4969,4970],{"class":3903},"       # False\n",[57,4972,4973,4975,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,4974,102],{"class":101},[57,4976,105],{"class":71},[57,4978,3955],{"class":101},[57,4980,1949],{"class":71},[57,4982,3543],{"class":169},[57,4984,614],{"class":173},[57,4986,3543],{"class":169},[57,4988,79],{"class":71},[57,4990,3538],{"class":169},[57,4992,4993],{"class":173},"b",[57,4995,3543],{"class":169},[57,4997,79],{"class":71},[57,4999,4077],{"class":169},[57,5001,4967],{"class":71},[57,5003,5004],{"class":3903},"  # False\n",[20,5006,5007,5008,620],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,5009,3914],{},[943,5011,5013,5014,5016,5017],{"id":5012},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,5015,3842],{}," is ",[15,5018,3845],{},[20,5020,5021],{},"This is expected behavior:",[48,5023,5025],{"className":50,"code":5024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,5026,5027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5028,5029,5031,5033,5035,5038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5030,102],{"class":101},[57,5032,105],{"class":71},[57,5034,3955],{"class":101},[57,5036,5037],{"class":71},"([]))",[57,5039,3904],{"class":3903},[20,5041,5042,5043,5045],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,5044,3845],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,5047,5048],{},"Useful quick tests:",[48,5050,5052],{"className":50,"code":5051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,5053,5054,5076,5098,5145,5181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5055,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5057,102],{"class":101},[57,5059,105],{"class":71},[57,5061,3955],{"class":101},[57,5063,1949],{"class":71},[57,5065,3231],{"class":75},[57,5067,79],{"class":71},[57,5069,87],{"class":75},[57,5071,79],{"class":71},[57,5073,1793],{"class":75},[57,5075,3242],{"class":71},[57,5077,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5090,5092,5094,5096],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5079,102],{"class":101},[57,5081,105],{"class":71},[57,5083,3955],{"class":101},[57,5085,1949],{"class":71},[57,5087,3231],{"class":75},[57,5089,79],{"class":71},[57,5091,4072],{"class":75},[57,5093,79],{"class":71},[57,5095,1793],{"class":75},[57,5097,3242],{"class":71},[57,5099,5100,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116,5118,5120,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,5101,102],{"class":101},[57,5103,1949],{"class":71},[57,5105,4106],{"class":1102},[57,5107,105],{"class":71},[57,5109,1956],{"class":113},[57,5111,1959],{"class":71},[57,5113,1963],{"class":1962},[57,5115,1966],{"class":113},[57,5117,1969],{"class":1962},[57,5119,72],{"class":71},[57,5121,3231],{"class":75},[57,5123,79],{"class":71},[57,5125,4072],{"class":75},[57,5127,79],{"class":71},[57,5129,4077],{"class":169},[57,5131,79],{"class":71},[57,5133,3538],{"class":169},[57,5135,4084],{"class":173},[57,5137,3543],{"class":169},[57,5139,79],{"class":71},[57,5141,4091],{"class":1523},[57,5143,5144],{"class":71},"]])\n",[57,5146,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175,5177,5179],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,5148,102],{"class":101},[57,5150,105],{"class":71},[57,5152,3955],{"class":101},[57,5154,105],{"class":71},[57,5156,3266],{"class":113},[57,5158,4484],{"class":67},[57,5160,4072],{"class":75},[57,5162,1963],{"class":1962},[57,5164,1966],{"class":113},[57,5166,1969],{"class":1962},[57,5168,72],{"class":71},[57,5170,3231],{"class":75},[57,5172,79],{"class":71},[57,5174,87],{"class":75},[57,5176,79],{"class":71},[57,5178,1793],{"class":75},[57,5180,3242],{"class":71},[57,5182,5183,5185,5187,5189],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,5184,102],{"class":101},[57,5186,105],{"class":71},[57,5188,3955],{"class":101},[57,5190,4660],{"class":71},[43,5192,5194,5195],{"id":5193},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5196,3820],{},[20,5198,5199,5201],{},[15,5200,3820],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5203,5204],{},"Common use cases:",[30,5206,5207,5210,5213],{},[33,5208,5209],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[33,5211,5212],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[33,5214,5215],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5217,5218],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[48,5220,5222],{"className":50,"code":5221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5223,5224,5260],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5225,5226,5229,5231,5233,5235,5238,5240,5242,5244,5247,5249,5251,5253,5256,5258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5227,5228],{"class":63},"names ",[57,5230,68],{"class":67},[57,5232,72],{"class":71},[57,5234,3543],{"class":169},[57,5236,5237],{"class":173},"Alice",[57,5239,3543],{"class":169},[57,5241,79],{"class":71},[57,5243,3538],{"class":169},[57,5245,5246],{"class":173},"Bob",[57,5248,3543],{"class":169},[57,5250,79],{"class":71},[57,5252,3538],{"class":169},[57,5254,5255],{"class":173},"Charlie",[57,5257,3543],{"class":169},[57,5259,95],{"class":71},[57,5261,5262,5264,5266,5268,5270,5273],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5263,102],{"class":101},[57,5265,105],{"class":71},[57,5267,3955],{"class":101},[57,5269,105],{"class":71},[57,5271,5272],{"class":113},"names",[57,5274,117],{"class":71},[20,5276,216],{},[48,5278,5279],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5280,5281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5282,5283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5284,4214],{"class":1523},[20,5286,5287],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[48,5289,5291],{"className":50,"code":5290,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5292,5293,5316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5294,5295,5297,5299,5301,5304,5306,5309,5311,5314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5296,459],{"class":63},[57,5298,68],{"class":67},[57,5300,72],{"class":71},[57,5302,5303],{"class":75},"75",[57,5305,79],{"class":71},[57,5307,5308],{"class":75}," 80",[57,5310,79],{"class":71},[57,5312,5313],{"class":75}," 50",[57,5315,95],{"class":71},[57,5317,5318,5320,5322,5324,5326,5329,5332,5334,5336,5339,5341,5344],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5319,102],{"class":101},[57,5321,105],{"class":71},[57,5323,3955],{"class":101},[57,5325,105],{"class":71},[57,5327,5328],{"class":113},"score ",[57,5330,5331],{"class":67},">=",[57,5333,5313],{"class":75},[57,5335,1963],{"class":1962},[57,5337,5338],{"class":113}," score ",[57,5340,1969],{"class":1962},[57,5342,5343],{"class":113}," scores",[57,5345,117],{"class":71},[20,5347,216],{},[48,5349,5350],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5351,5352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5353,5354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5355,4214],{"class":1523},[20,5357,5358],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5360,5361,5362,1242,5366,620],{},"For related tasks, see ",[614,5363,5365],{"href":5364},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[614,5367,5369],{"href":5368},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[43,5371,2011],{"id":2010},[943,5373,2015,5375,2018],{"id":5374},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5376,3820],{},[20,5378,5379,5380,5382,5383,5385],{},"It returns ",[15,5381,3845],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5384,3914],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[943,5387,5389,5390,5392,5393,2053],{"id":5388},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5391,3842],{}," return ",[15,5394,3845],{},[20,5396,5397],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[943,5399,2025,5401,5403],{"id":5400},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5402,3820],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5405,5406],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[943,5408,2119,5410,1242,5412,2053],{"id":5409},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5411,3820],{},[15,5413,5414],{},"any()",[20,5416,5417,5419,5420,5422,5423,620],{},[15,5418,3820],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5421,5414],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[614,5424,13,5426,2144],{"href":5425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5427,5414],{},[43,5429,2135],{"id":2134},[30,5431,5432,5438,5442,5447,5452,5457],{},[33,5433,5434],{},[614,5435,13,5436,2144],{"href":5425},[15,5437,5414],{},[33,5439,5440],{},[614,5441,4045],{"href":4044},[33,5443,5444],{},[614,5445,5446],{"href":5368},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[33,5448,5449],{},[614,5450,5451],{"href":5364},"How to filter a list in Python",[33,5453,5454],{},[614,5455,5456],{"href":4624},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[33,5458,5459],{},[614,5460,5461],{"href":4628},"What is an iterable in Python",[2172,5463,5464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":5466},[5467,5468,5470,5471,5476,5478,5479,5488,5490,5500],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":3917,"depth":98,"text":5469},"What all() does",{"id":3967,"depth":98,"text":3968},{"id":4165,"depth":98,"text":4166,"children":5472},[5473,5474,5475],{"id":4169,"depth":120,"text":4170},{"id":4230,"depth":120,"text":4231},{"id":4294,"depth":120,"text":4295},{"id":4429,"depth":98,"text":5477},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4632,"depth":98,"text":4633},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":5480},[5481,5482,5484,5486],{"id":4754,"depth":120,"text":4755},{"id":4811,"depth":120,"text":5483},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4935,"depth":120,"text":5485},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":5012,"depth":120,"text":5487},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5193,"depth":98,"text":5489},"When to use all()",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":5491},[5492,5494,5496,5498],{"id":5374,"depth":120,"text":5493},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5388,"depth":120,"text":5495},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5400,"depth":120,"text":5497},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5409,"depth":120,"text":5499},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3812,"description":5501},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5508,"title":5509,"body":5510,"description":7198,"extension":2219,"meta":7199,"navigation":123,"path":5425,"seo":7200,"stem":7201,"__hash__":7202},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5511,"toc":7176},[5512,5515,5523,5526,5543,5551,5595,5604,5608,5613,5616,5633,5636,5647,5659,5663,5666,5681,5686,5689,5701,5704,5789,5792,5813,5819,5821,5829,5843,5845,5879,5881,5884,5945,5947,5964,5967,5994,5996,6004,6015,6019,6022,6061,6063,6071,6073,6089,6097,6100,6143,6145,6153,6158,6162,6170,6173,6199,6202,6205,6278,6280,6288,6295,6319,6330,6333,6412,6414,6422,6429,6433,6438,6453,6455,6463,6466,6472,6475,6521,6523,6540,6544,6549,6560,6563,6676,6679,6738,6744,6746,6751,6755,6757,6776,6782,6785,6804,6808,6817,6844,6846,6854,6862,6866,6872,6895,6897,6905,6912,6916,6919,6970,6973,7024,7027,7029,7033,7040,7044,7051,7055,7063,7067,7070,7092,7094,7144,7146,7173],[10,5513,5509],{"id":5514},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5516,5517,5519,5520,620],{},[15,5518,5414],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[1399,5521,5522],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5524,5525],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[30,5527,5528,5531,5534,5537,5540],{},[33,5529,5530],{},"lists",[33,5532,5533],{},"tuples",[33,5535,5536],{},"sets",[33,5538,5539],{},"strings",[33,5541,5542],{},"generator expressions",[20,5544,5545,5546,3122,5548,5550],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5547,3845],{},[15,5549,3914],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[48,5552,5554],{"className":50,"code":5553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5555,5556,5576],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5557,5558,5560,5562,5564,5566,5568,5570,5572,5574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5559,4061],{"class":63},[57,5561,68],{"class":67},[57,5563,72],{"class":71},[57,5565,1294],{"class":75},[57,5567,79],{"class":71},[57,5569,4077],{"class":169},[57,5571,79],{"class":71},[57,5573,92],{"class":75},[57,5575,95],{"class":71},[57,5577,5578,5580,5582,5585,5587,5590,5593],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5579,102],{"class":101},[57,5581,105],{"class":71},[57,5583,5584],{"class":101},"any",[57,5586,105],{"class":71},[57,5588,5589],{"class":113},"values",[57,5591,5592],{"class":71},"))",[57,5594,3904],{"class":3903},[20,5596,1806,5597,5600,5601,5603],{},[15,5598,5599],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5602,3845],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[43,5605,5607],{"id":5606},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5609,5610,5612],{},[15,5611,5414],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5614,5615],{},"It returns:",[30,5617,5618,5623,5628],{},[33,5619,5620,5622],{},[15,5621,3845],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[33,5624,5625,5627],{},[15,5626,3914],{}," if all items are falsy",[33,5629,5630,5632],{},[15,5631,3914],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5634,5635],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[30,5637,5638,5641,5644],{},[33,5639,5640],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[33,5642,5643],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[33,5645,5646],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5648,5649,5650,5653,5654,620],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[1399,5651,5652],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[614,5655,5657],{"href":5656},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5658,3820],{},[43,5660,5662],{"id":5661},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5664,5665],{},"The syntax is simple:",[48,5667,5669],{"className":50,"code":5668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5670,5671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5672,5673,5675,5677,5679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5674,5584],{"class":101},[57,5676,105],{"class":71},[57,5678,313],{"class":113},[57,5680,316],{"class":71},[20,5682,5683,5684,620],{},"The argument must be an ",[1399,5685,313],{},[20,5687,5688],{},"Common inputs include:",[30,5690,5691,5693,5695,5697,5699],{},[33,5692,5530],{},[33,5694,5533],{},[33,5696,5536],{},[33,5698,5539],{},[33,5700,5542],{},[20,5702,5703],{},"For example:",[48,5705,5707],{"className":50,"code":5706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5708,5709,5732,5751,5771],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5710,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727,5730],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5712,102],{"class":101},[57,5714,105],{"class":71},[57,5716,5584],{"class":101},[57,5718,1949],{"class":71},[57,5720,1294],{"class":75},[57,5722,79],{"class":71},[57,5724,4072],{"class":75},[57,5726,79],{"class":71},[57,5728,5729],{"class":75}," 1",[57,5731,3242],{"class":71},[57,5733,5734,5736,5738,5740,5743,5745,5747,5749],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5735,102],{"class":101},[57,5737,105],{"class":71},[57,5739,5584],{"class":101},[57,5741,5742],{"class":71},"((",[57,5744,3914],{"class":1523},[57,5746,79],{"class":71},[57,5748,4141],{"class":1523},[57,5750,1225],{"class":71},[57,5752,5753,5755,5757,5759,5762,5764,5766,5768],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,5754,102],{"class":101},[57,5756,105],{"class":71},[57,5758,5584],{"class":101},[57,5760,5761],{"class":71},"({",[57,5763,1294],{"class":75},[57,5765,79],{"class":71},[57,5767,87],{"class":75},[57,5769,5770],{"class":71},"}))\n",[57,5772,5773,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783,5785,5787],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,5774,102],{"class":101},[57,5776,105],{"class":71},[57,5778,5584],{"class":101},[57,5780,105],{"class":71},[57,5782,170],{"class":169},[57,5784,4084],{"class":173},[57,5786,170],{"class":169},[57,5788,117],{"class":71},[20,5790,5791],{},"Expected output:",[48,5793,5795],{"className":50,"code":5794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5796,5797,5801,5805,5809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5798,5799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5800,4214],{"class":1523},[57,5802,5803],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5804,4275],{"class":1523},[57,5806,5807],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,5808,4214],{"class":1523},[57,5810,5811],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,5812,4214],{"class":1523},[20,5814,5815,5816,620],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[614,5817,5369],{"href":5818},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[43,5820,3968],{"id":3967},[20,5822,3971,5823,3122,5826,3976],{},[1399,5824,5825],{},"truthy",[1399,5827,5828],{},"falsy",[30,5830,5831,5837],{},[33,5832,5833,3984,5835],{},[1399,5834,3983],{},[15,5836,3845],{},[33,5838,5839,3984,5841],{},[1399,5840,3991],{},[15,5842,3914],{},[20,5844,3996],{},[30,5846,5847,5851,5855,5859,5863,5867,5871,5875],{},[33,5848,5849],{},[15,5850,3914],{},[33,5852,5853],{},[15,5854,1294],{},[33,5856,5857],{},[15,5858,4007],{},[33,5860,5861],{},[15,5862,4012],{},[33,5864,5865],{},[15,5866,4025],{},[33,5868,5869],{},[15,5870,4030],{},[33,5872,5873],{},[15,5874,4035],{},[33,5876,5877],{},[15,5878,1524],{},[20,5880,4038],{},[20,5882,5883],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[48,5885,5887],{"className":50,"code":5886,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5888,5889,5903,5921],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5890,5891,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5892,102],{"class":101},[57,5894,105],{"class":71},[57,5896,5584],{"class":101},[57,5898,1949],{"class":71},[57,5900,3231],{"class":75},[57,5902,3242],{"class":71},[57,5904,5905,5907,5909,5911,5913,5915,5917,5919],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5906,102],{"class":101},[57,5908,105],{"class":71},[57,5910,5584],{"class":101},[57,5912,1949],{"class":71},[57,5914,3543],{"class":169},[57,5916,4084],{"class":173},[57,5918,3543],{"class":169},[57,5920,3242],{"class":71},[57,5922,5923,5925,5927,5929,5932,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,5924,102],{"class":101},[57,5926,105],{"class":71},[57,5928,5584],{"class":101},[57,5930,5931],{"class":71},"([[",[57,5933,3231],{"class":75},[57,5935,79],{"class":71},[57,5937,87],{"class":75},[57,5939,79],{"class":71},[57,5941,1793],{"class":75},[57,5943,5944],{"class":71},"]]))\n",[20,5946,5791],{},[48,5948,5950],{"className":50,"code":5949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5951,5952,5956,5960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5953,5954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5955,4214],{"class":1523},[57,5957,5958],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,5959,4214],{"class":1523},[57,5961,5962],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,5963,4214],{"class":1523},[20,5965,5966],{},"And these are all falsy:",[48,5968,5970],{"className":50,"code":5969,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5971,5972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,5973,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988,5990,5992],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,5975,102],{"class":101},[57,5977,105],{"class":71},[57,5979,5584],{"class":101},[57,5981,1949],{"class":71},[57,5983,1294],{"class":75},[57,5985,79],{"class":71},[57,5987,4077],{"class":169},[57,5989,79],{"class":71},[57,5991,4091],{"class":1523},[57,5993,3242],{"class":71},[20,5995,5791],{},[48,5997,5998],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,5999,6000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6001,6002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6003,4275],{"class":1523},[20,6005,6006,6007,1242,6010,620],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[614,6008,4045],{"href":6009},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[614,6011,6013,1040],{"href":6012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,6014,4051],{},[43,6016,6018],{"id":6017},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,6020,6021],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[48,6023,6025],{"className":50,"code":6024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6026,6027,6047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6028,6029,6031,6033,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6030,4061],{"class":63},[57,6032,68],{"class":67},[57,6034,72],{"class":71},[57,6036,1294],{"class":75},[57,6038,79],{"class":71},[57,6040,4077],{"class":169},[57,6042,79],{"class":71},[57,6044,92],{"class":75},[57,6046,95],{"class":71},[57,6048,6049,6051,6053,6055,6057,6059],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6050,102],{"class":101},[57,6052,105],{"class":71},[57,6054,5584],{"class":101},[57,6056,105],{"class":71},[57,6058,5589],{"class":113},[57,6060,117],{"class":71},[20,6062,216],{},[48,6064,6065],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6066,6067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6068,6069],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6070,4214],{"class":1523},[20,6072,4673],{},[30,6074,6075,6080,6084],{},[33,6076,6077,6079],{},[15,6078,1294],{}," is falsy",[33,6081,6082,6079],{},[15,6083,4012],{},[33,6085,6086,6088],{},[15,6087,2389],{}," is truthy",[20,6090,6091,6092,2646,6095,620],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6093,6094],{},"any(values)",[15,6096,3845],{},[20,6098,6099],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[48,6101,6103],{"className":50,"code":6102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6104,6105,6129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6106,6107,6109,6111,6113,6115,6117,6119,6121,6123,6125,6127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6108,4061],{"class":63},[57,6110,68],{"class":67},[57,6112,72],{"class":71},[57,6114,1294],{"class":75},[57,6116,79],{"class":71},[57,6118,4077],{"class":169},[57,6120,79],{"class":71},[57,6122,4091],{"class":1523},[57,6124,79],{"class":71},[57,6126,4141],{"class":1523},[57,6128,95],{"class":71},[57,6130,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6132,102],{"class":101},[57,6134,105],{"class":71},[57,6136,5584],{"class":101},[57,6138,105],{"class":71},[57,6140,5589],{"class":113},[57,6142,117],{"class":71},[20,6144,216],{},[48,6146,6147],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6148,6149],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6150,6151],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6152,4275],{"class":1523},[20,6154,6155,6156,620],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6157,3914],{},[43,6159,6161],{"id":6160},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6163,6164,6166,6167,620],{},[15,6165,5414],{}," is often used with a ",[1399,6168,6169],{},"generator expression",[20,6171,6172],{},"This is a common pattern:",[48,6174,6176],{"className":50,"code":6175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6177,6178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6179,6180,6182,6184,6187,6190,6193,6195,6197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6181,5584],{"class":101},[57,6183,105],{"class":71},[57,6185,6186],{"class":113},"condition ",[57,6188,6189],{"class":1962},"for",[57,6191,6192],{"class":113}," item ",[57,6194,1969],{"class":1962},[57,6196,1972],{"class":113},[57,6198,316],{"class":71},[20,6200,6201],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6203,6204],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[48,6206,6208],{"className":50,"code":6207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6209,6210,6237,6241,6268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6211,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232,6235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6213,64],{"class":63},[57,6215,68],{"class":67},[57,6217,72],{"class":71},[57,6219,647],{"class":75},[57,6221,79],{"class":71},[57,6223,657],{"class":75},[57,6225,79],{"class":71},[57,6227,2474],{"class":67},[57,6229,1788],{"class":75},[57,6231,79],{"class":71},[57,6233,6234],{"class":75}," 10",[57,6236,95],{"class":71},[57,6238,6239],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6240,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,6242,6243,6245,6247,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6262,6264,6266],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,6244,1336],{"class":63},[57,6246,68],{"class":67},[57,6248,6249],{"class":101}," any",[57,6251,105],{"class":71},[57,6253,3266],{"class":113},[57,6255,3532],{"class":67},[57,6257,4072],{"class":75},[57,6259,1963],{"class":1962},[57,6261,1966],{"class":113},[57,6263,1969],{"class":1962},[57,6265,4495],{"class":113},[57,6267,316],{"class":71},[57,6269,6270,6272,6274,6276],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,6271,102],{"class":101},[57,6273,105],{"class":71},[57,6275,1368],{"class":113},[57,6277,316],{"class":71},[20,6279,216],{},[48,6281,6282],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6283,6284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6285,6286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6287,4214],{"class":1523},[20,6289,6290,6291,6294],{},"This works because ",[15,6292,6293],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[30,6296,6297,6305,6312],{},[33,6298,6299,6302,6303],{},[15,6300,6301],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6304,3914],{},[33,6306,6307,6302,6310],{},[15,6308,6309],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6311,3914],{},[33,6313,6314,6302,6317],{},[15,6315,6316],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6318,3845],{},[20,6320,6321,6322,6324,6325,6327,6328,620],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6323,3845],{}," result, ",[15,6326,5414],{}," can return ",[15,6329,3845],{},[20,6331,6332],{},"Here is another example:",[48,6334,6336],{"className":50,"code":6335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6337,6338,6367,6371,6401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6339,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6357,6359,6361,6363,6365],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6341,162],{"class":63},[57,6343,68],{"class":67},[57,6345,72],{"class":71},[57,6347,170],{"class":169},[57,6349,174],{"class":173},[57,6351,170],{"class":169},[57,6353,79],{"class":71},[57,6355,6356],{"class":169}," \"\"",[57,6358,79],{"class":71},[57,6360,181],{"class":169},[57,6362,184],{"class":173},[57,6364,170],{"class":169},[57,6366,95],{"class":71},[57,6368,6369],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6370,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,6372,6373,6376,6378,6380,6382,6385,6387,6389,6391,6394,6396,6399],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,6374,6375],{"class":63},"has_empty_string ",[57,6377,68],{"class":67},[57,6379,6249],{"class":101},[57,6381,105],{"class":71},[57,6383,6384],{"class":113},"word ",[57,6386,4920],{"class":67},[57,6388,6356],{"class":169},[57,6390,1963],{"class":1962},[57,6392,6393],{"class":113}," word ",[57,6395,1969],{"class":1962},[57,6397,6398],{"class":113}," words",[57,6400,316],{"class":71},[57,6402,6403,6405,6407,6410],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,6404,102],{"class":101},[57,6406,105],{"class":71},[57,6408,6409],{"class":113},"has_empty_string",[57,6411,316],{"class":71},[20,6413,216],{},[48,6415,6416],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6417,6418],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6419,6420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6421,4214],{"class":1523},[20,6423,6424,6425,620],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[614,6426,6428],{"href":6427},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[43,6430,6432],{"id":6431},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6434,6435,6436,270],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6437,3914],{},[48,6439,6441],{"className":50,"code":6440,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6442,6443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6444,6445,6447,6449,6451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6446,102],{"class":101},[57,6448,105],{"class":71},[57,6450,5584],{"class":101},[57,6452,4660],{"class":71},[20,6454,216],{},[48,6456,6457],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6458,6459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6460,6461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6462,4275],{"class":1523},[20,6464,6465],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6467,6468,6469,6471],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6470,5414],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6473,6474],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[48,6476,6478],{"className":50,"code":6477,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6479,6480,6490,6505],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6481,6482,6484,6486,6488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6483,102],{"class":101},[57,6485,105],{"class":71},[57,6487,5584],{"class":101},[57,6489,4718],{"class":71},[57,6491,6492,6494,6496,6498,6500,6503],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6493,102],{"class":101},[57,6495,105],{"class":71},[57,6497,5584],{"class":101},[57,6499,105],{"class":71},[57,6501,6502],{"class":169},"\"\"",[57,6504,117],{"class":71},[57,6506,6507,6509,6511,6513,6515,6518],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,6508,102],{"class":101},[57,6510,105],{"class":71},[57,6512,5584],{"class":101},[57,6514,105],{"class":71},[57,6516,6517],{"class":1102},"set",[57,6519,6520],{"class":71},"()))\n",[20,6522,216],{},[48,6524,6526],{"className":50,"code":6525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6527,6528,6532,6536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6529,6530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6531,4275],{"class":1523},[57,6533,6534],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6535,4275],{"class":1523},[57,6537,6538],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,6539,4275],{"class":1523},[43,6541,6543],{"id":6542},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6545,1806,6546,6548],{},[15,6547,5414],{}," when you want to:",[30,6550,6551,6554,6557],{},[33,6552,6553],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[33,6555,6556],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[33,6558,6559],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6561,6562],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[48,6564,6566],{"className":50,"code":6565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6567,6568,6592,6596,6606,6610,6624,6643,6653,6659,6664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6569,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6571,64],{"class":63},[57,6573,68],{"class":67},[57,6575,72],{"class":71},[57,6577,3231],{"class":75},[57,6579,79],{"class":71},[57,6581,1793],{"class":75},[57,6583,79],{"class":71},[57,6585,92],{"class":75},[57,6587,79],{"class":71},[57,6589,82],{"class":75},[57,6591,95],{"class":71},[57,6593,6594],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6595,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,6597,6598,6601,6603],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,6599,6600],{"class":63},"found_even ",[57,6602,68],{"class":67},[57,6604,6605],{"class":1523}," False\n",[57,6607,6608],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,6609,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,6611,6612,6614,6617,6619,6621],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,6613,6189],{"class":1962},[57,6615,6616],{"class":63}," number ",[57,6618,1969],{"class":1962},[57,6620,4495],{"class":63},[57,6622,6623],{"class":71},":\n",[57,6625,6626,6629,6631,6634,6636,6639,6641],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,6627,6628],{"class":1962},"    if",[57,6630,6616],{"class":63},[57,6632,6633],{"class":67},"%",[57,6635,87],{"class":75},[57,6637,6638],{"class":67}," ==",[57,6640,4072],{"class":75},[57,6642,6623],{"class":71},[57,6644,6645,6648,6650],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,6646,6647],{"class":63},"        found_even ",[57,6649,68],{"class":67},[57,6651,6652],{"class":1523}," True\n",[57,6654,6656],{"class":59,"line":6655},8,[57,6657,6658],{"class":1962},"        break\n",[57,6660,6662],{"class":59,"line":6661},9,[57,6663,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,6665,6667,6669,6671,6674],{"class":59,"line":6666},10,[57,6668,102],{"class":101},[57,6670,105],{"class":71},[57,6672,6673],{"class":113},"found_even",[57,6675,316],{"class":71},[20,6677,6678],{},"You can write:",[48,6680,6682],{"className":50,"code":6681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6683,6684,6708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6685,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6687,64],{"class":63},[57,6689,68],{"class":67},[57,6691,72],{"class":71},[57,6693,3231],{"class":75},[57,6695,79],{"class":71},[57,6697,1793],{"class":75},[57,6699,79],{"class":71},[57,6701,92],{"class":75},[57,6703,79],{"class":71},[57,6705,82],{"class":75},[57,6707,95],{"class":71},[57,6709,6710,6712,6714,6716,6718,6720,6722,6724,6726,6728,6730,6732,6734,6736],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6711,102],{"class":101},[57,6713,105],{"class":71},[57,6715,5584],{"class":101},[57,6717,105],{"class":71},[57,6719,2469],{"class":113},[57,6721,6633],{"class":67},[57,6723,87],{"class":75},[57,6725,6638],{"class":67},[57,6727,4072],{"class":75},[57,6729,1963],{"class":1962},[57,6731,6616],{"class":113},[57,6733,1969],{"class":1962},[57,6735,4495],{"class":113},[57,6737,117],{"class":71},[20,6739,6740,6741,6743],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6742,5414],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[43,6745,4751],{"id":4750},[20,6747,6748,6749,620],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6750,5414],{},[943,6752,6754],{"id":6753},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6756,4758],{},[48,6758,6760],{"className":50,"code":6759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6761,6762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6763,6764,6766,6768,6770,6772,6774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6765,102],{"class":101},[57,6767,105],{"class":71},[57,6769,5584],{"class":101},[57,6771,105],{"class":71},[57,6773,2389],{"class":75},[57,6775,117],{"class":71},[20,6777,6778,6779,6781],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6780,2389],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6783,6784],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[48,6786,6788],{"className":50,"code":6787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6789,6790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6791,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800,6802],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6793,102],{"class":101},[57,6795,105],{"class":71},[57,6797,5584],{"class":101},[57,6799,1949],{"class":71},[57,6801,2389],{"class":75},[57,6803,3242],{"class":71},[943,6805,6807],{"id":6806},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6809,6810,6812,6813,6816],{},[15,6811,5414],{}," needs only ",[1399,6814,6815],{},"one"," truthy item.",[48,6818,6820],{"className":50,"code":6819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6821,6822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6823,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6825,102],{"class":101},[57,6827,105],{"class":71},[57,6829,5584],{"class":101},[57,6831,1949],{"class":71},[57,6833,3914],{"class":1523},[57,6835,79],{"class":71},[57,6837,4141],{"class":1523},[57,6839,79],{"class":71},[57,6841,4150],{"class":1523},[57,6843,3242],{"class":71},[20,6845,216],{},[48,6847,6848],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6849,6850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6851,6852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6853,4214],{"class":1523},[20,6855,6856,6857,6861],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[614,6858,6859],{"href":5656},[15,6860,3820],{}," instead.",[943,6863,6865],{"id":6864},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6867,6868,6869,620],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6870,6871],{},"\"True\"",[48,6873,6875],{"className":50,"code":6874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6876,6877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6878,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6891,6893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6880,102],{"class":101},[57,6882,105],{"class":71},[57,6884,5584],{"class":101},[57,6886,1949],{"class":71},[57,6888,170],{"class":169},[57,6890,3914],{"class":173},[57,6892,170],{"class":169},[57,6894,3242],{"class":71},[20,6896,216],{},[48,6898,6899],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,6900,6901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6902,6903],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6904,4214],{"class":1523},[20,6906,6907,6908,6911],{},"That is because ",[15,6909,6910],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[943,6913,6915],{"id":6914},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6917,6918],{},"This works:",[48,6920,6922],{"className":50,"code":6921,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6923,6924,6944],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6925,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6927,64],{"class":63},[57,6929,68],{"class":67},[57,6931,72],{"class":71},[57,6933,3231],{"class":75},[57,6935,79],{"class":71},[57,6937,87],{"class":75},[57,6939,79],{"class":71},[57,6941,1793],{"class":75},[57,6943,95],{"class":71},[57,6945,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964,6966,6968],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,6947,102],{"class":101},[57,6949,105],{"class":71},[57,6951,5584],{"class":101},[57,6953,1949],{"class":71},[57,6955,3266],{"class":113},[57,6957,4484],{"class":67},[57,6959,87],{"class":75},[57,6961,1963],{"class":1962},[57,6963,1966],{"class":113},[57,6965,1969],{"class":1962},[57,6967,4495],{"class":113},[57,6969,3242],{"class":71},[20,6971,6972],{},"But this is usually better:",[48,6974,6976],{"className":50,"code":6975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6977,6978,6998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,6979,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,6981,64],{"class":63},[57,6983,68],{"class":67},[57,6985,72],{"class":71},[57,6987,3231],{"class":75},[57,6989,79],{"class":71},[57,6991,87],{"class":75},[57,6993,79],{"class":71},[57,6995,1793],{"class":75},[57,6997,95],{"class":71},[57,6999,7000,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014,7016,7018,7020,7022],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7001,102],{"class":101},[57,7003,105],{"class":71},[57,7005,5584],{"class":101},[57,7007,105],{"class":71},[57,7009,3266],{"class":113},[57,7011,4484],{"class":67},[57,7013,87],{"class":75},[57,7015,1963],{"class":1962},[57,7017,1966],{"class":113},[57,7019,1969],{"class":1962},[57,7021,4495],{"class":113},[57,7023,117],{"class":71},[20,7025,7026],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[43,7028,2011],{"id":2010},[943,7030,7032],{"id":7031},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,7034,5379,7035,7037,7038,620],{},[15,7036,3845],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,7039,3914],{},[943,7041,7043],{"id":7042},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,7045,7046,2646,7048,7050],{},[15,7047,5414],{},[15,7049,3914],{}," for an empty iterable.",[943,7052,7054],{"id":7053},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,7056,7057,7059,7060,7062],{},[15,7058,5414],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7061,3820],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[943,7064,7066],{"id":7065},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7068,7069],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[48,7071,7072],{"className":50,"code":6175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7073,7074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7075,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084,7086,7088,7090],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7077,5584],{"class":101},[57,7079,105],{"class":71},[57,7081,6186],{"class":113},[57,7083,6189],{"class":1962},[57,7085,6192],{"class":113},[57,7087,1969],{"class":1962},[57,7089,1972],{"class":113},[57,7091,316],{"class":71},[20,7093,5703],{},[48,7095,7096],{"className":50,"code":6975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7097,7098,7118],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7099,7100,7102,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7114,7116],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7101,64],{"class":63},[57,7103,68],{"class":67},[57,7105,72],{"class":71},[57,7107,3231],{"class":75},[57,7109,79],{"class":71},[57,7111,87],{"class":75},[57,7113,79],{"class":71},[57,7115,1793],{"class":75},[57,7117,95],{"class":71},[57,7119,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7121,102],{"class":101},[57,7123,105],{"class":71},[57,7125,5584],{"class":101},[57,7127,105],{"class":71},[57,7129,3266],{"class":113},[57,7131,4484],{"class":67},[57,7133,87],{"class":75},[57,7135,1963],{"class":1962},[57,7137,1966],{"class":113},[57,7139,1969],{"class":1962},[57,7141,4495],{"class":113},[57,7143,117],{"class":71},[43,7145,2135],{"id":2134},[30,7147,7148,7154,7158,7162,7167],{},[33,7149,7150],{},[614,7151,7152,2144],{"href":5656},[15,7153,3820],{},[33,7155,7156],{},[614,7157,4045],{"href":6009},[33,7159,7160],{},[614,7161,5446],{"href":5818},[33,7163,7164],{},[614,7165,7166],{"href":6427},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[33,7168,7169],{},[614,7170,7171,2144],{"href":6012},[15,7172,4051],{},[2172,7174,7175],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":7177},[7178,7179,7180,7181,7182,7183,7184,7185,7191,7197],{"id":5606,"depth":98,"text":5607},{"id":5661,"depth":98,"text":5662},{"id":3967,"depth":98,"text":3968},{"id":6017,"depth":98,"text":6018},{"id":6160,"depth":98,"text":6161},{"id":6431,"depth":98,"text":6432},{"id":6542,"depth":98,"text":6543},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":7186},[7187,7188,7189,7190],{"id":6753,"depth":120,"text":6754},{"id":6806,"depth":120,"text":6807},{"id":6864,"depth":120,"text":6865},{"id":6914,"depth":120,"text":6915},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":7192},[7193,7194,7195,7196],{"id":7031,"depth":120,"text":7032},{"id":7042,"depth":120,"text":7043},{"id":7053,"depth":120,"text":7054},{"id":7065,"depth":120,"text":7066},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5509,"description":7198},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7204,"title":7205,"body":7206,"description":9332,"extension":2219,"meta":9333,"navigation":123,"path":9334,"seo":9335,"stem":9336,"__hash__":9337},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7207,"toc":9295},[7208,7211,7220,7230,7232,7329,7331,7360,7376,7380,7385,7388,7398,7404,7410,7425,7427,7435,7442,7446,7449,7464,7469,7487,7492,7494,7542,7544,7561,7565,7571,7574,7608,7610,7716,7718,7755,7759,7767,7769,7789,7791,7912,7914,7943,7946,7969,7971,7979,7987,7991,7997,8001,8040,8042,8050,8053,8080,8082,8090,8094,8123,8125,8133,8165,8167,8175,8179,8230,8232,8240,8248,8252,8255,8308,8310,8331,8338,8342,8348,8351,8359,8381,8383,8391,8399,8422,8424,8432,8437,8442,8454,8456,8497,8508,8512,8521,8524,8527,8586,8589,8641,8644,8649,8665,8671,8673,8678,8686,8689,8711,8713,8721,8726,8729,8764,8766,8774,8778,8783,8821,8833,8836,8890,8898,8902,8905,8927,8936,8939,8980,8982,9005,9011,9017,9032,9034,9054,9057,9076,9078,9097,9101,9107,9186,9189,9203,9210,9212,9216,9223,9227,9231,9235,9240,9244,9249,9253,9260,9262,9292],[10,7209,7205],{"id":7210},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7212,935,7213,7215,7216,3122,7218,620],{},[15,7214,4051],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7217,3845],{},[15,7219,3914],{},[20,7221,7222,7223,7225,7226,7229],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7224,4051],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7227,7228],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[43,7231,3850],{"id":3849},[48,7233,7235],{"className":50,"code":7234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7236,7237,7251,7265,7279,7297,7307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7238,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7240,102],{"class":101},[57,7242,105],{"class":71},[57,7244,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7246,105],{"class":71},[57,7248,1294],{"class":75},[57,7250,117],{"class":71},[57,7252,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7254,102],{"class":101},[57,7256,105],{"class":71},[57,7258,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7260,105],{"class":71},[57,7262,3231],{"class":75},[57,7264,117],{"class":71},[57,7266,7267,7269,7271,7273,7275,7277],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7268,102],{"class":101},[57,7270,105],{"class":71},[57,7272,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7274,105],{"class":71},[57,7276,6502],{"class":169},[57,7278,117],{"class":71},[57,7280,7281,7283,7285,7287,7289,7291,7293,7295],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,7282,102],{"class":101},[57,7284,105],{"class":71},[57,7286,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7288,105],{"class":71},[57,7290,170],{"class":169},[57,7292,4084],{"class":173},[57,7294,170],{"class":169},[57,7296,117],{"class":71},[57,7298,7299,7301,7303,7305],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,7300,102],{"class":101},[57,7302,105],{"class":71},[57,7304,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7306,4660],{"class":71},[57,7308,7309,7311,7313,7315,7317,7319,7321,7323,7325,7327],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,7310,102],{"class":101},[57,7312,105],{"class":71},[57,7314,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7316,1949],{"class":71},[57,7318,3231],{"class":75},[57,7320,79],{"class":71},[57,7322,87],{"class":75},[57,7324,79],{"class":71},[57,7326,1793],{"class":75},[57,7328,3242],{"class":71},[20,7330,5791],{},[48,7332,7334],{"className":50,"code":7333,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7335,7336,7340,7344,7348,7352,7356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7337,7338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7339,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7341,7342],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7343,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7345,7346],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7347,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7349,7350],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,7351,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7353,7354],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,7355,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7357,7358],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,7359,4214],{"class":1523},[20,7361,1806,7362,7365,7366,3122,7368,7370,7371,7373,7374,620],{},[15,7363,7364],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7367,3845],{},[15,7369,3914],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7372,3914],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7375,3845],{},[43,7377,7379],{"id":7378},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7381,7382,7384],{},[15,7383,4051],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7386,7387],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[30,7389,7390,7394],{},[33,7391,7392],{},[15,7393,3845],{},[33,7395,7396],{},[15,7397,3914],{},[20,7399,7400,7401,7403],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7402,7228],{}," statements.",[20,7405,7406,7407,7409],{},"You can also call ",[15,7408,4051],{}," with no argument:",[48,7411,7413],{"className":50,"code":7412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool())\n",[15,7414,7415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7416,7417,7419,7421,7423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7418,102],{"class":101},[57,7420,105],{"class":71},[57,7422,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7424,1671],{"class":71},[20,7426,216],{},[48,7428,7429],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7430,7431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7432,7433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7434,4275],{"class":1523},[20,7436,7437,7438,620],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[614,7439,7441],{"href":7440},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[43,7443,7445],{"id":7444},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7447,7448],{},"The basic syntax is:",[48,7450,7452],{"className":50,"code":7451,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bool(value)\n",[15,7453,7454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7455,7456,7458,7460,7462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7457,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7459,105],{"class":71},[57,7461,364],{"class":113},[57,7463,316],{"class":71},[20,7465,935,7466,7468],{},[15,7467,364],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[30,7470,7471,7473,7475,7477,7479,7482,7484],{},[33,7472,114],{},[33,7474,5539],{},[33,7476,5530],{},[33,7478,5533],{},[33,7480,7481],{},"dictionaries",[33,7483,5536],{},[33,7485,7486],{},"other objects",[20,7488,7489,7490,620],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7491,3914],{},[20,7493,864],{},[48,7495,7497],{"className":50,"code":7496,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7498,7499,7513,7532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7500,7501,7503,7505,7507,7509,7511],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7502,102],{"class":101},[57,7504,105],{"class":71},[57,7506,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7508,105],{"class":71},[57,7510,1561],{"class":75},[57,7512,117],{"class":71},[57,7514,7515,7517,7519,7521,7523,7525,7528,7530],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7516,102],{"class":101},[57,7518,105],{"class":71},[57,7520,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7522,105],{"class":71},[57,7524,170],{"class":169},[57,7526,7527],{"class":173},"Python",[57,7529,170],{"class":169},[57,7531,117],{"class":71},[57,7533,7534,7536,7538,7540],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7535,102],{"class":101},[57,7537,105],{"class":71},[57,7539,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7541,1671],{"class":71},[20,7543,216],{},[48,7545,7547],{"className":50,"code":7546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7548,7549,7553,7557],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7550,7551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7552,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7554,7555],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7556,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7558,7559],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7560,4275],{"class":1523},[43,7562,7564],{"id":7563},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7566,7567,7568,7570],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[1399,7569,5828],{}," values.",[20,7572,7573],{},"Common examples:",[30,7575,7576,7580,7584,7588,7592,7596,7600,7604],{},[33,7577,7578],{},[15,7579,1294],{},[33,7581,7582],{},[15,7583,4007],{},[33,7585,7586],{},[15,7587,6502],{},[33,7589,7590],{},[15,7591,4025],{},[33,7593,7594],{},[15,7595,1475],{},[33,7597,7598],{},[15,7599,4030],{},[33,7601,7602],{},[15,7603,4035],{},[33,7605,7606],{},[15,7607,1524],{},[20,7609,864],{},[48,7611,7613],{"className":50,"code":7612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7614,7615,7629,7643,7657,7667,7677,7688,7702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7616,7617,7619,7621,7623,7625,7627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7618,102],{"class":101},[57,7620,105],{"class":71},[57,7622,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7624,105],{"class":71},[57,7626,1294],{"class":75},[57,7628,117],{"class":71},[57,7630,7631,7633,7635,7637,7639,7641],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7632,102],{"class":101},[57,7634,105],{"class":71},[57,7636,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7638,105],{"class":71},[57,7640,4007],{"class":75},[57,7642,117],{"class":71},[57,7644,7645,7647,7649,7651,7653,7655],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7646,102],{"class":101},[57,7648,105],{"class":71},[57,7650,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7652,105],{"class":71},[57,7654,6502],{"class":169},[57,7656,117],{"class":71},[57,7658,7659,7661,7663,7665],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,7660,102],{"class":101},[57,7662,105],{"class":71},[57,7664,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7666,4660],{"class":71},[57,7668,7669,7671,7673,7675],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,7670,102],{"class":101},[57,7672,105],{"class":71},[57,7674,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7676,4718],{"class":71},[57,7678,7679,7681,7683,7685],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,7680,102],{"class":101},[57,7682,105],{"class":71},[57,7684,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7686,7687],{"class":71},"({}))\n",[57,7689,7690,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,7691,102],{"class":101},[57,7693,105],{"class":71},[57,7695,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7697,105],{"class":71},[57,7699,6517],{"class":1102},[57,7701,6520],{"class":71},[57,7703,7704,7706,7708,7710,7712,7714],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,7705,102],{"class":101},[57,7707,105],{"class":71},[57,7709,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7711,105],{"class":71},[57,7713,1524],{"class":1523},[57,7715,117],{"class":71},[20,7717,216],{},[48,7719,7721],{"className":50,"code":7720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7722,7723,7727,7731,7735,7739,7743,7747,7751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7724,7725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7726,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7728,7729],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7730,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7732,7733],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7734,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7736,7737],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,7738,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7740,7741],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,7742,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7744,7745],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,7746,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7748,7749],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,7750,4275],{"class":1523},[57,7752,7753],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,7754,4275],{"class":1523},[43,7756,7758],{"id":7757},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7760,7761,7762,7764,7765,7570],{},"Many values become ",[15,7763,3845],{},". These are often called ",[1399,7766,5825],{},[20,7768,7573],{},[30,7770,7771,7774,7777,7780,7783,7786],{},[33,7772,7773],{},"non-zero numbers",[33,7775,7776],{},"non-empty strings",[33,7778,7779],{},"non-empty lists",[33,7781,7782],{},"non-empty tuples",[33,7784,7785],{},"non-empty sets",[33,7787,7788],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7790,864],{},[48,7792,7794],{"className":50,"code":7793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7795,7796,7810,7826,7844,7866,7884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7797,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7799,102],{"class":101},[57,7801,105],{"class":71},[57,7803,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7805,105],{"class":71},[57,7807,2389],{"class":75},[57,7809,117],{"class":71},[57,7811,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820,7822,7824],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7813,102],{"class":101},[57,7815,105],{"class":71},[57,7817,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7819,105],{"class":71},[57,7821,2277],{"class":67},[57,7823,1788],{"class":75},[57,7825,117],{"class":71},[57,7827,7828,7830,7832,7834,7836,7838,7840,7842],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7829,102],{"class":101},[57,7831,105],{"class":71},[57,7833,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7835,105],{"class":71},[57,7837,170],{"class":169},[57,7839,4084],{"class":173},[57,7841,170],{"class":169},[57,7843,117],{"class":71},[57,7845,7846,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858,7860,7862,7864],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,7847,102],{"class":101},[57,7849,105],{"class":71},[57,7851,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7853,1949],{"class":71},[57,7855,3231],{"class":75},[57,7857,79],{"class":71},[57,7859,87],{"class":75},[57,7861,79],{"class":71},[57,7863,1793],{"class":75},[57,7865,3242],{"class":71},[57,7867,7868,7870,7872,7874,7876,7878,7880,7882],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,7869,102],{"class":101},[57,7871,105],{"class":71},[57,7873,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7875,5742],{"class":71},[57,7877,3231],{"class":75},[57,7879,79],{"class":71},[57,7881,87],{"class":75},[57,7883,1225],{"class":71},[57,7885,7886,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7899,7901,7903,7905,7908,7910],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,7887,102],{"class":101},[57,7889,105],{"class":71},[57,7891,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7893,5761],{"class":71},[57,7895,170],{"class":169},[57,7897,7898],{"class":173},"name",[57,7900,170],{"class":169},[57,7902,270],{"class":71},[57,7904,181],{"class":169},[57,7906,7907],{"class":173},"Sam",[57,7909,170],{"class":169},[57,7911,5770],{"class":71},[20,7913,216],{},[48,7915,7917],{"className":50,"code":7916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7918,7919,7923,7927,7931,7935,7939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7920,7921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7922,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7924,7925],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,7926,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7928,7929],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,7930,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7932,7933],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,7934,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7936,7937],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,7938,4214],{"class":1523},[57,7940,7941],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,7942,4214],{"class":1523},[20,7944,7945],{},"One important example is this:",[48,7947,7949],{"className":50,"code":7948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7950,7951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7952,7953,7955,7957,7959,7961,7963,7965,7967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7954,102],{"class":101},[57,7956,105],{"class":71},[57,7958,4106],{"class":1102},[57,7960,105],{"class":71},[57,7962,170],{"class":169},[57,7964,3914],{"class":173},[57,7966,170],{"class":169},[57,7968,117],{"class":71},[20,7970,216],{},[48,7972,7973],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,7974,7975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,7976,7977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,7978,4214],{"class":1523},[20,7980,7981,7982,7984,7985,620],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7983,6910],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7986,3845],{},[43,7988,7990],{"id":7989},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7992,7993,7994,7996],{},"You can use ",[15,7995,4051],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[943,7998,8000],{"id":7999},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[48,8002,8004],{"className":50,"code":8003,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8005,8006,8026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8007,8008,8010,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022,8024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8009,1147],{"class":63},[57,8011,68],{"class":67},[57,8013,72],{"class":71},[57,8015,1561],{"class":75},[57,8017,79],{"class":71},[57,8019,1617],{"class":75},[57,8021,79],{"class":71},[57,8023,1575],{"class":75},[57,8025,95],{"class":71},[57,8027,8028,8030,8032,8034,8036,8038],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8029,102],{"class":101},[57,8031,105],{"class":71},[57,8033,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8035,105],{"class":71},[57,8037,1199],{"class":113},[57,8039,117],{"class":71},[20,8041,216],{},[48,8043,8044],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8045,8046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8047,8048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8049,4214],{"class":1523},[20,8051,8052],{},"With an empty list:",[48,8054,8056],{"className":50,"code":8055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8057,8058,8066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8059,8060,8062,8064],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8061,1147],{"class":63},[57,8063,68],{"class":67},[57,8065,1273],{"class":71},[57,8067,8068,8070,8072,8074,8076,8078],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8069,102],{"class":101},[57,8071,105],{"class":71},[57,8073,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8075,105],{"class":71},[57,8077,1199],{"class":113},[57,8079,117],{"class":71},[20,8081,216],{},[48,8083,8084],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8085,8086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8087,8088],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8089,4275],{"class":1523},[943,8091,8093],{"id":8092},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[48,8095,8097],{"className":50,"code":8096,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8098,8099,8109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8100,8101,8104,8106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8102,8103],{"class":63},"name ",[57,8105,68],{"class":67},[57,8107,8108],{"class":169}," \"\"\n",[57,8110,8111,8113,8115,8117,8119,8121],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8112,102],{"class":101},[57,8114,105],{"class":71},[57,8116,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8118,105],{"class":71},[57,8120,7898],{"class":113},[57,8122,117],{"class":71},[20,8124,216],{},[48,8126,8127],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8128,8129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8130,8131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8132,4275],{"class":1523},[48,8134,8136],{"className":50,"code":8135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8137,8138,8151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8139,8140,8142,8144,8146,8149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8141,8103],{"class":63},[57,8143,68],{"class":67},[57,8145,181],{"class":169},[57,8147,8148],{"class":173},"Mia",[57,8150,3602],{"class":169},[57,8152,8153,8155,8157,8159,8161,8163],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8154,102],{"class":101},[57,8156,105],{"class":71},[57,8158,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8160,105],{"class":71},[57,8162,7898],{"class":113},[57,8164,117],{"class":71},[20,8166,216],{},[48,8168,8169],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8170,8171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8172,8173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8174,4214],{"class":1523},[943,8176,8178],{"id":8177},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[48,8180,8182],{"className":50,"code":8181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8183,8184,8198,8215,8219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8185,8186,8189,8191,8193,8196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8187,8188],{"class":63},"username ",[57,8190,68],{"class":67},[57,8192,181],{"class":169},[57,8194,8195],{"class":173},"alex",[57,8197,3602],{"class":169},[57,8199,8200,8203,8205,8208,8210,8213],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8201,8202],{"class":63},"has_name ",[57,8204,68],{"class":67},[57,8206,8207],{"class":1102}," bool",[57,8209,105],{"class":71},[57,8211,8212],{"class":113},"username",[57,8214,316],{"class":71},[57,8216,8217],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,8218,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,8220,8221,8223,8225,8228],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,8222,102],{"class":101},[57,8224,105],{"class":71},[57,8226,8227],{"class":113},"has_name",[57,8229,316],{"class":71},[20,8231,216],{},[48,8233,8234],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8235,8236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8237,8238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8239,4214],{"class":1523},[20,8241,8242,8243,3122,8245,8247],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8244,3845],{},[15,8246,3914],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[943,8249,8251],{"id":8250},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8253,8254],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[48,8256,8258],{"className":50,"code":8257,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8259,8260,8280,8284,8292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8261,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8263,64],{"class":63},[57,8265,68],{"class":67},[57,8267,72],{"class":71},[57,8269,3231],{"class":75},[57,8271,79],{"class":71},[57,8273,87],{"class":75},[57,8275,79],{"class":71},[57,8277,1793],{"class":75},[57,8279,95],{"class":71},[57,8281,8282],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8283,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,8285,8286,8288,8290],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,8287,7228],{"class":1962},[57,8289,4495],{"class":63},[57,8291,6623],{"class":71},[57,8293,8294,8297,8299,8301,8304,8306],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,8295,8296],{"class":101},"    print",[57,8298,105],{"class":71},[57,8300,170],{"class":169},[57,8302,8303],{"class":173},"The list is not empty",[57,8305,170],{"class":169},[57,8307,316],{"class":71},[20,8309,216],{},[48,8311,8313],{"className":50,"code":8312,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8314,8315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8316,8317,8319,8322,8325,8328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8318,935],{"class":63},[57,8320,8321],{"class":1102},"list",[57,8323,8324],{"class":67}," is",[57,8326,8327],{"class":67}," not",[57,8329,8330],{"class":63}," empty\n",[20,8332,8333,8334,620],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[614,8335,8337],{"href":8336},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[43,8339,8341],{"id":8340},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8343,8344,8345,8347],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8346,4051],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8349,8350],{},"It does not do that.",[943,8352,8354,2646,8357],{"id":8353},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8355,8356],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8358,3845],{},[48,8360,8361],{"className":50,"code":7948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8362,8363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8364,8365,8367,8369,8371,8373,8375,8377,8379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8366,102],{"class":101},[57,8368,105],{"class":71},[57,8370,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8372,105],{"class":71},[57,8374,170],{"class":169},[57,8376,3914],{"class":173},[57,8378,170],{"class":169},[57,8380,117],{"class":71},[20,8382,216],{},[48,8384,8385],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8386,8387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8388,8389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8390,4214],{"class":1523},[943,8392,8394,2646,8397],{"id":8393},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8395,8396],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8398,3845],{},[48,8400,8402],{"className":50,"code":8401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8403,8404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8405,8406,8408,8410,8412,8414,8416,8418,8420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8407,102],{"class":101},[57,8409,105],{"class":71},[57,8411,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8413,105],{"class":71},[57,8415,170],{"class":169},[57,8417,1294],{"class":173},[57,8419,170],{"class":169},[57,8421,117],{"class":71},[20,8423,216],{},[48,8425,8426],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8427,8428],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8429,8430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8431,4214],{"class":1523},[20,8433,8434,8435,620],{},"This happens because both values are ",[1399,8436,7776],{},[20,8438,8439,8441],{},[15,8440,4051],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8443,8444,8445,8450,8451,8453],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[614,8446,8448],{"href":8447},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8449,3201],{},", because ",[15,8452,3201],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8455,864],{},[48,8457,8459],{"className":50,"code":8458,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8460,8461,8482],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8462,8463,8466,8468,8471,8473,8475,8478,8480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8464,8465],{"class":63},"user_value ",[57,8467,68],{"class":67},[57,8469,8470],{"class":101}," input",[57,8472,105],{"class":71},[57,8474,170],{"class":169},[57,8476,8477],{"class":173},"Enter True or False: ",[57,8479,170],{"class":169},[57,8481,316],{"class":71},[57,8483,8484,8486,8488,8490,8492,8495],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8485,102],{"class":101},[57,8487,105],{"class":71},[57,8489,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8491,105],{"class":71},[57,8493,8494],{"class":113},"user_value",[57,8496,117],{"class":71},[20,8498,8499,8500,8502,8503,8450,8505,8507],{},"If the user types ",[15,8501,3914],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8504,3845],{},[15,8506,6910],{}," is not empty.",[43,8509,8511],{"id":8510},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8513,8514,8515,8517,8518,8520],{},"In many ",[15,8516,7228],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8519,4051],{}," yourself.",[20,8522,8523],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8525,8526],{},"Instead of this:",[48,8528,8530],{"className":50,"code":8529,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8531,8532,8553,8557,8571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8533,8534,8537,8539,8541,8543,8545,8547,8549,8551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8535,8536],{"class":63},"my_list ",[57,8538,68],{"class":67},[57,8540,72],{"class":71},[57,8542,3231],{"class":75},[57,8544,79],{"class":71},[57,8546,87],{"class":75},[57,8548,79],{"class":71},[57,8550,1793],{"class":75},[57,8552,95],{"class":71},[57,8554,8555],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8556,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,8558,8559,8561,8563,8565,8568],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,8560,7228],{"class":1962},[57,8562,8207],{"class":1102},[57,8564,105],{"class":71},[57,8566,8567],{"class":113},"my_list",[57,8569,8570],{"class":71},"):\n",[57,8572,8573,8575,8577,8579,8582,8584],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,8574,8296],{"class":101},[57,8576,105],{"class":71},[57,8578,170],{"class":169},[57,8580,8581],{"class":173},"List has items",[57,8583,170],{"class":169},[57,8585,316],{"class":71},[20,8587,8588],{},"You can simply write:",[48,8590,8592],{"className":50,"code":8591,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8593,8594,8614,8618,8627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8595,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604,8606,8608,8610,8612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8597,8536],{"class":63},[57,8599,68],{"class":67},[57,8601,72],{"class":71},[57,8603,3231],{"class":75},[57,8605,79],{"class":71},[57,8607,87],{"class":75},[57,8609,79],{"class":71},[57,8611,1793],{"class":75},[57,8613,95],{"class":71},[57,8615,8616],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8617,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,8619,8620,8622,8625],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,8621,7228],{"class":1962},[57,8623,8624],{"class":63}," my_list",[57,8626,6623],{"class":71},[57,8628,8629,8631,8633,8635,8637,8639],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,8630,8296],{"class":101},[57,8632,105],{"class":71},[57,8634,170],{"class":169},[57,8636,8581],{"class":173},[57,8638,170],{"class":169},[57,8640,316],{"class":71},[20,8642,8643],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8645,443,8646,8648],{},[15,8647,4051],{}," is still helpful when:",[30,8650,8651,8654,8662],{},[33,8652,8653],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[33,8655,8656,8657,3122,8659,8661],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8658,3845],{},[15,8660,3914],{}," value",[33,8663,8664],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8666,8667,8668,620],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[614,8669,8670],{"href":2549},"Python type() function explained",[43,8672,1829],{"id":1828},[20,8674,8675,8676,620],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8677,4051],{},[943,8679,1848,8681,8683,8684],{"id":8680},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8682,8356],{}," to return ",[15,8685,3914],{},[20,8687,8688],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[48,8690,8691],{"className":50,"code":7948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8692,8693],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8694,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8696,102],{"class":101},[57,8698,105],{"class":71},[57,8700,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8702,105],{"class":71},[57,8704,170],{"class":169},[57,8706,3914],{"class":173},[57,8708,170],{"class":169},[57,8710,117],{"class":71},[20,8712,216],{},[48,8714,8715],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8716,8717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8718,8719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8720,4214],{"class":1523},[20,8722,8723,8724,6911],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8725,6910],{},[20,8727,8728],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[48,8730,8732],{"className":50,"code":8731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8733,8734,8746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8735,8736,8738,8740,8742,8744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8737,2696],{"class":63},[57,8739,68],{"class":67},[57,8741,181],{"class":169},[57,8743,3914],{"class":173},[57,8745,3602],{"class":169},[57,8747,8748,8750,8752,8754,8756,8758,8760,8762],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8749,102],{"class":101},[57,8751,105],{"class":71},[57,8753,2696],{"class":113},[57,8755,4920],{"class":67},[57,8757,181],{"class":169},[57,8759,3845],{"class":173},[57,8761,170],{"class":169},[57,8763,316],{"class":71},[20,8765,216],{},[48,8767,8768],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,8769,8770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8771,8772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8773,4275],{"class":1523},[943,8775,8777],{"id":8776},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8779,8780,8782],{},[15,8781,3201],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[48,8784,8786],{"className":50,"code":8785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8787,8788,8807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8789,8790,8792,8794,8796,8798,8800,8803,8805],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8791,2696],{"class":63},[57,8793,68],{"class":67},[57,8795,8470],{"class":101},[57,8797,105],{"class":71},[57,8799,170],{"class":169},[57,8801,8802],{"class":173},"Enter yes or no: ",[57,8804,170],{"class":169},[57,8806,316],{"class":71},[57,8808,8809,8811,8813,8815,8817,8819],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8810,102],{"class":101},[57,8812,105],{"class":71},[57,8814,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8816,105],{"class":71},[57,8818,364],{"class":113},[57,8820,117],{"class":71},[20,8822,8499,8823,8826,8827,8829,8830,8507],{},[15,8824,8825],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8828,3845],{}," because ",[15,8831,8832],{},"\"no\"",[20,8834,8835],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[48,8837,8839],{"className":50,"code":8838,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8840,8841,8871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8842,8843,8845,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857,8860,8863,8866,8868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8844,2696],{"class":63},[57,8846,68],{"class":67},[57,8848,8470],{"class":101},[57,8850,105],{"class":71},[57,8852,170],{"class":169},[57,8854,8802],{"class":173},[57,8856,170],{"class":169},[57,8858,8859],{"class":71},").",[57,8861,8862],{"class":113},"strip",[57,8864,8865],{"class":71},"().",[57,8867,1109],{"class":113},[57,8869,8870],{"class":71},"()\n",[57,8872,8873,8875,8877,8879,8881,8883,8886,8888],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8874,102],{"class":101},[57,8876,105],{"class":71},[57,8878,2696],{"class":113},[57,8880,4920],{"class":67},[57,8882,181],{"class":169},[57,8884,8885],{"class":173},"yes",[57,8887,170],{"class":169},[57,8889,316],{"class":71},[20,8891,8892,8893,8895,8896,620],{},"This gives ",[15,8894,3845],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8897,8885],{},[943,8899,8901],{"id":8900},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8903,8904],{},"These are different:",[30,8906,8907,8911,8915,8919,8923],{},[33,8908,8909],{},[15,8910,3914],{},[33,8912,8913],{},[15,8914,1294],{},[33,8916,8917],{},[15,8918,6502],{},[33,8920,8921],{},[15,8922,4025],{},[33,8924,8925],{},[15,8926,1524],{},[20,8928,8929,8930,8932,8933,8935],{},"They all become ",[15,8931,3914],{}," with ",[15,8934,4051],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8937,8938],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[48,8940,8942],{"className":50,"code":8941,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8943,8944,8952,8966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8945,8946,8948,8950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8947,2696],{"class":63},[57,8949,68],{"class":67},[57,8951,1273],{"class":71},[57,8953,8954,8956,8958,8960,8962,8964],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,8955,102],{"class":101},[57,8957,105],{"class":71},[57,8959,1886],{"class":1102},[57,8961,105],{"class":71},[57,8963,364],{"class":113},[57,8965,117],{"class":71},[57,8967,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976,8978],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,8969,102],{"class":101},[57,8971,105],{"class":71},[57,8973,4106],{"class":1102},[57,8975,105],{"class":71},[57,8977,364],{"class":113},[57,8979,117],{"class":71},[20,8981,216],{},[48,8983,8985],{"className":50,"code":8984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8986,8987,9001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,8988,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,8990,3532],{"class":67},[57,8992,3535],{"class":1208},[57,8994,3538],{"class":169},[57,8996,8321],{"class":173},[57,8998,3543],{"class":169},[57,9000,3546],{"class":67},[57,9002,9003],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9004,4275],{"class":1523},[943,9006,443,9008,9010],{"id":9007},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,9009,4030],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,9012,9013,9014,9016],{},"In Python, ",[15,9015,4030],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[48,9018,9020],{"className":50,"code":9019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type({}))\n",[15,9021,9022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9023,9024,9026,9028,9030],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9025,102],{"class":101},[57,9027,105],{"class":71},[57,9029,1886],{"class":1102},[57,9031,7687],{"class":71},[20,9033,216],{},[48,9035,9037],{"className":50,"code":9036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,9038,9039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9040,9041,9043,9045,9047,9050,9052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9042,3532],{"class":67},[57,9044,3535],{"class":1208},[57,9046,3538],{"class":169},[57,9048,9049],{"class":173},"dict",[57,9051,3543],{"class":169},[57,9053,3546],{"class":67},[20,9055,9056],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[48,9058,9060],{"className":50,"code":9059,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9061,9062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9063,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9065,102],{"class":101},[57,9067,105],{"class":71},[57,9069,1886],{"class":1102},[57,9071,105],{"class":71},[57,9073,6517],{"class":1102},[57,9075,6520],{"class":71},[20,9077,216],{},[48,9079,9081],{"className":50,"code":9080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9082,9083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9084,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9086,3532],{"class":67},[57,9088,3535],{"class":1208},[57,9090,3538],{"class":169},[57,9092,6517],{"class":173},[57,9094,3543],{"class":169},[57,9096,3546],{"class":67},[43,9098,9100],{"id":9099},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9102,9103,9104,9106],{},"If ",[15,9105,4051],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[48,9108,9110],{"className":50,"code":9109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9111,9112,9126,9140,9150,9168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9113,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9115,102],{"class":101},[57,9117,105],{"class":71},[57,9119,4106],{"class":1102},[57,9121,105],{"class":71},[57,9123,364],{"class":113},[57,9125,117],{"class":71},[57,9127,9128,9130,9132,9134,9136,9138],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9129,102],{"class":101},[57,9131,105],{"class":71},[57,9133,1886],{"class":1102},[57,9135,105],{"class":71},[57,9137,364],{"class":113},[57,9139,117],{"class":71},[57,9141,9142,9144,9146,9148],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,9143,102],{"class":101},[57,9145,105],{"class":71},[57,9147,364],{"class":113},[57,9149,316],{"class":71},[57,9151,9152,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,9153,102],{"class":101},[57,9155,105],{"class":71},[57,9157,2696],{"class":113},[57,9159,4920],{"class":67},[57,9161,181],{"class":169},[57,9163,3845],{"class":173},[57,9165,170],{"class":169},[57,9167,316],{"class":71},[57,9169,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,9171,102],{"class":101},[57,9173,105],{"class":71},[57,9175,364],{"class":113},[57,9177,620],{"class":71},[57,9179,8862],{"class":113},[57,9181,8865],{"class":71},[57,9183,1109],{"class":113},[57,9185,1671],{"class":71},[20,9187,9188],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[30,9190,9191,9194,9197,9200],{},[33,9192,9193],{},"what the value really is",[33,9195,9196],{},"whether it is a string",[33,9198,9199],{},"whether it contains spaces",[33,9201,9202],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9204,9205,9206,620],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[614,9207,9209],{"href":9208},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[43,9211,2011],{"id":2010},[943,9213,9215],{"id":9214},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9217,9218,9219,3122,9221,620],{},"It returns either ",[15,9220,3845],{},[15,9222,3914],{},[943,9224,9226],{"id":9225},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9228,5379,9229,620],{},[15,9230,3914],{},[943,9232,9234],{"id":9233},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9236,9237,9238,620],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9239,3845],{},[943,9241,9243],{"id":9242},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9245,9246,9247,620],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9248,3914],{},[943,9250,9252],{"id":9251},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9254,9255,9256,3122,9258,3976],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9257,3845],{},[15,9259,3914],{},[43,9261,2135],{"id":2134},[30,9263,9264,9269,9273,9278,9282,9287],{},[33,9265,9266],{},[614,9267,9268],{"href":6009},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[33,9270,9271],{},[614,9272,8337],{"href":8336},[33,9274,9275],{},[614,9276,9277],{"href":8447},"Python input() function explained",[33,9279,9280],{},[614,9281,8670],{"href":2549},[33,9283,9284],{},[614,9285,9286],{"href":9208},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[33,9288,9289],{},[614,9290,9291],{"href":7440},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2172,9293,9294],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":9296},[9297,9298,9299,9300,9301,9302,9308,9314,9315,9323,9324,9331],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":7378,"depth":98,"text":7379},{"id":7444,"depth":98,"text":7445},{"id":7563,"depth":98,"text":7564},{"id":7757,"depth":98,"text":7758},{"id":7989,"depth":98,"text":7990,"children":9303},[9304,9305,9306,9307],{"id":7999,"depth":120,"text":8000},{"id":8092,"depth":120,"text":8093},{"id":8177,"depth":120,"text":8178},{"id":8250,"depth":120,"text":8251},{"id":8340,"depth":98,"text":8341,"children":9309},[9310,9312],{"id":8353,"depth":120,"text":9311},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8393,"depth":120,"text":9313},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8510,"depth":98,"text":8511},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":9316},[9317,9319,9320,9321],{"id":8680,"depth":120,"text":9318},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8776,"depth":120,"text":8777},{"id":8900,"depth":120,"text":8901},{"id":9007,"depth":120,"text":9322},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9099,"depth":98,"text":9100},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":9325},[9326,9327,9328,9329,9330],{"id":9214,"depth":120,"text":9215},{"id":9225,"depth":120,"text":9226},{"id":9233,"depth":120,"text":9234},{"id":9242,"depth":120,"text":9243},{"id":9251,"depth":120,"text":9252},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7205,"description":9332},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9339,"title":9340,"body":9341,"description":11531,"extension":2219,"meta":11532,"navigation":123,"path":11533,"seo":11534,"stem":11535,"__hash__":11536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9342,"toc":11493},[9343,9349,9354,9361,9366,9377,9384,9492,9496,9565,9570,9575,9580,9583,9594,9599,9602,9613,9620,9622,9627,9631,9656,9660,9669,9673,9736,9740,9773,9777,9822,9826,9863,9867,9870,9925,9929,9975,9978,9983,10022,10026,10049,10052,10066,10079,10083,10088,10155,10159,10195,10198,10206,10209,10273,10277,10309,10315,10317,10377,10384,10387,10465,10469,10502,10506,10509,10553,10557,10593,10596,10613,10616,10619,10672,10675,10686,10693,10702,10705,10763,10767,10808,10815,10823,10829,10837,10849,10854,10865,10938,10941,10953,10969,10973,10978,10982,10984,11027,11033,11036,11099,11103,11106,11115,11120,11157,11161,11164,11172,11175,11214,11218,11221,11272,11276,11297,11304,11306,11312,11339,11341,11395,11398,11409,11411,11418,11426,11432,11437,11444,11447,11454,11461,11463,11490],[10,9344,13,9346,18],{"id":9345},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9347,9348],{},"dict()",[20,9350,22,9351,9353],{},[15,9352,9348],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9355,9356,9357,9360],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[1399,9358,9359],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9362,9363,9365],{},[15,9364,9348],{}," is commonly used to:",[30,9367,9368,9371,9374],{},[33,9369,9370],{},"create an empty dictionary",[33,9372,9373],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,9375,9376],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9378,9379,9380,620],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[614,9381,9383],{"href":9382},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[48,9385,9387],{"className":50,"code":9386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9388,9389,9423,9434,9438,9477],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9390,9391,9394,9396,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9416,9418,9421],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9392,9393],{"class":63},"data ",[57,9395,68],{"class":67},[57,9397,9398],{"class":1102}," dict",[57,9400,105],{"class":71},[57,9402,7898],{"class":334},[57,9404,68],{"class":67},[57,9406,3543],{"class":169},[57,9408,5237],{"class":173},[57,9410,3543],{"class":169},[57,9412,79],{"class":71},[57,9414,9415],{"class":334}," age",[57,9417,68],{"class":67},[57,9419,9420],{"class":75},"25",[57,9422,316],{"class":71},[57,9424,9425,9427,9429,9432],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9426,102],{"class":101},[57,9428,105],{"class":71},[57,9430,9431],{"class":113},"data",[57,9433,316],{"class":71},[57,9435,9436],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,9437,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,9439,9440,9443,9445,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458,9461,9464,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,9441,9442],{"class":63},"pairs ",[57,9444,68],{"class":67},[57,9446,9447],{"class":71}," [(",[57,9449,3543],{"class":169},[57,9451,614],{"class":173},[57,9453,3543],{"class":169},[57,9455,79],{"class":71},[57,9457,5729],{"class":75},[57,9459,9460],{"class":71},"),",[57,9462,9463],{"class":71}," (",[57,9465,3543],{"class":169},[57,9467,4993],{"class":173},[57,9469,3543],{"class":169},[57,9471,79],{"class":71},[57,9473,87],{"class":75},[57,9475,9476],{"class":71},")]\n",[57,9478,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9490],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,9480,102],{"class":101},[57,9482,105],{"class":71},[57,9484,9049],{"class":1102},[57,9486,105],{"class":71},[57,9488,9489],{"class":113},"pairs",[57,9491,117],{"class":71},[20,9493,9494],{},[1399,9495,216],{},[48,9497,9499],{"className":50,"code":9498,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9500,9501,9537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9502,9503,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9527,9529,9531,9534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9504,9505],{"class":71},"{",[57,9507,3543],{"class":169},[57,9509,7898],{"class":173},[57,9511,3543],{"class":169},[57,9513,270],{"class":71},[57,9515,3538],{"class":169},[57,9517,5237],{"class":173},[57,9519,3543],{"class":169},[57,9521,79],{"class":71},[57,9523,3538],{"class":169},[57,9525,9526],{"class":173},"age",[57,9528,3543],{"class":169},[57,9530,270],{"class":71},[57,9532,9533],{"class":75}," 25",[57,9535,9536],{"class":71},"}\n",[57,9538,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9540,9505],{"class":71},[57,9542,3543],{"class":169},[57,9544,614],{"class":173},[57,9546,3543],{"class":169},[57,9548,270],{"class":71},[57,9550,5729],{"class":75},[57,9552,79],{"class":71},[57,9554,3538],{"class":169},[57,9556,4993],{"class":173},[57,9558,3543],{"class":169},[57,9560,270],{"class":71},[57,9562,87],{"class":75},[57,9564,9536],{"class":71},[20,9566,1806,9567,9569],{},[15,9568,9348],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[43,9571,262,9573,265],{"id":9572},"what-dict-does",[15,9574,9348],{},[20,9576,9577,9579],{},[15,9578,9348],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9581,9582],{},"A dictionary:",[30,9584,9585,9588,9591],{},[33,9586,9587],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[33,9589,9590],{},"lets you look up values by key",[33,9592,9593],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9595,9596,9598],{},[15,9597,9348],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9600,9601],{},"Common uses include:",[30,9603,9604,9607,9610],{},[33,9605,9606],{},"making an empty dictionary",[33,9608,9609],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[33,9611,9612],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9614,9615,9616,620],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[614,9617,9619],{"href":9618},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[43,9621,294],{"id":293},[20,9623,9624,9626],{},[15,9625,9348],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[943,9628,9630],{"id":9629},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[48,9632,9634],{"className":50,"code":9633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9635,9636,9646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9637,9638,9640,9642,9644],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9639,9393],{"class":63},[57,9641,68],{"class":67},[57,9643,9398],{"class":1102},[57,9645,8870],{"class":71},[57,9647,9648,9650,9652,9654],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9649,102],{"class":101},[57,9651,105],{"class":71},[57,9653,9431],{"class":113},[57,9655,316],{"class":71},[20,9657,9658],{},[1399,9659,216],{},[48,9661,9663],{"className":50,"code":9662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n",[15,9664,9665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9666,9667],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9668,9662],{"class":71},[943,9670,9672],{"id":9671},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[48,9674,9676],{"className":50,"code":9675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9677,9678,9712,9726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9679,9680,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9681,9442],{"class":63},[57,9683,68],{"class":67},[57,9685,9447],{"class":71},[57,9687,3543],{"class":169},[57,9689,614],{"class":173},[57,9691,3543],{"class":169},[57,9693,79],{"class":71},[57,9695,5729],{"class":75},[57,9697,9460],{"class":71},[57,9699,9463],{"class":71},[57,9701,3543],{"class":169},[57,9703,4993],{"class":173},[57,9705,3543],{"class":169},[57,9707,79],{"class":71},[57,9709,87],{"class":75},[57,9711,9476],{"class":71},[57,9713,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9715,9393],{"class":63},[57,9717,68],{"class":67},[57,9719,9398],{"class":1102},[57,9721,105],{"class":71},[57,9723,9489],{"class":113},[57,9725,316],{"class":71},[57,9727,9728,9730,9732,9734],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,9729,102],{"class":101},[57,9731,105],{"class":71},[57,9733,9431],{"class":113},[57,9735,316],{"class":71},[20,9737,9738],{},[1399,9739,216],{},[48,9741,9743],{"className":50,"code":9742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9744,9745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9746,9747,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9767,9769,9771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9748,9505],{"class":71},[57,9750,3543],{"class":169},[57,9752,614],{"class":173},[57,9754,3543],{"class":169},[57,9756,270],{"class":71},[57,9758,5729],{"class":75},[57,9760,79],{"class":71},[57,9762,3538],{"class":169},[57,9764,4993],{"class":173},[57,9766,3543],{"class":169},[57,9768,270],{"class":71},[57,9770,87],{"class":75},[57,9772,9536],{"class":71},[943,9774,9776],{"id":9775},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[48,9778,9780],{"className":50,"code":9779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9781,9782,9812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9783,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9785,9393],{"class":63},[57,9787,68],{"class":67},[57,9789,9398],{"class":1102},[57,9791,105],{"class":71},[57,9793,7898],{"class":334},[57,9795,68],{"class":67},[57,9797,3543],{"class":169},[57,9799,5237],{"class":173},[57,9801,3543],{"class":169},[57,9803,79],{"class":71},[57,9805,9415],{"class":334},[57,9807,68],{"class":67},[57,9809,9420],{"class":75},[57,9811,316],{"class":71},[57,9813,9814,9816,9818,9820],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9815,102],{"class":101},[57,9817,105],{"class":71},[57,9819,9431],{"class":113},[57,9821,316],{"class":71},[20,9823,9824],{},[1399,9825,216],{},[48,9827,9829],{"className":50,"code":9828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9830,9831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9832,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9834,9505],{"class":71},[57,9836,3543],{"class":169},[57,9838,7898],{"class":173},[57,9840,3543],{"class":169},[57,9842,270],{"class":71},[57,9844,3538],{"class":169},[57,9846,5237],{"class":173},[57,9848,3543],{"class":169},[57,9850,79],{"class":71},[57,9852,3538],{"class":169},[57,9854,9526],{"class":173},[57,9856,3543],{"class":169},[57,9858,270],{"class":71},[57,9860,9533],{"class":75},[57,9862,9536],{"class":71},[943,9864,9866],{"id":9865},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9868,9869],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[48,9871,9873],{"className":50,"code":9872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9874,9875,9915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9876,9877,9879,9881,9883,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9878,9393],{"class":63},[57,9880,68],{"class":67},[57,9882,9398],{"class":1102},[57,9884,9885],{"class":71},"([(",[57,9887,3543],{"class":169},[57,9889,614],{"class":173},[57,9891,3543],{"class":169},[57,9893,79],{"class":71},[57,9895,5729],{"class":75},[57,9897,9898],{"class":71},")],",[57,9900,733],{"class":334},[57,9902,68],{"class":67},[57,9904,1788],{"class":75},[57,9906,79],{"class":71},[57,9908,738],{"class":334},[57,9910,68],{"class":67},[57,9912,76],{"class":75},[57,9914,316],{"class":71},[57,9916,9917,9919,9921,9923],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,9918,102],{"class":101},[57,9920,105],{"class":71},[57,9922,9431],{"class":113},[57,9924,316],{"class":71},[20,9926,9927],{},[1399,9928,216],{},[48,9930,9932],{"className":50,"code":9931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9933,9934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9935,9936,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9967,9969,9971,9973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9937,9505],{"class":71},[57,9939,3543],{"class":169},[57,9941,614],{"class":173},[57,9943,3543],{"class":169},[57,9945,270],{"class":71},[57,9947,5729],{"class":75},[57,9949,79],{"class":71},[57,9951,3538],{"class":169},[57,9953,4993],{"class":173},[57,9955,3543],{"class":169},[57,9957,270],{"class":71},[57,9959,87],{"class":75},[57,9961,79],{"class":71},[57,9963,3538],{"class":169},[57,9965,9966],{"class":173},"c",[57,9968,3543],{"class":169},[57,9970,270],{"class":71},[57,9972,1793],{"class":75},[57,9974,9536],{"class":71},[43,9976,9630],{"id":9977},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9979,1806,9980,9982],{},[15,9981,9348],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[48,9984,9986],{"className":50,"code":9985,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9987,9988,9998,10012],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,9989,9990,9992,9994,9996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,9991,9393],{"class":63},[57,9993,68],{"class":67},[57,9995,9398],{"class":1102},[57,9997,8870],{"class":71},[57,9999,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008,10010],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10001,102],{"class":101},[57,10003,105],{"class":71},[57,10005,1886],{"class":1102},[57,10007,105],{"class":71},[57,10009,9431],{"class":113},[57,10011,117],{"class":71},[57,10013,10014,10016,10018,10020],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,10015,102],{"class":101},[57,10017,105],{"class":71},[57,10019,9431],{"class":113},[57,10021,316],{"class":71},[20,10023,10024],{},[1399,10025,216],{},[48,10027,10029],{"className":50,"code":10028,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,10030,10031,10045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10032,10033,10035,10037,10039,10041,10043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10034,3532],{"class":67},[57,10036,3535],{"class":1208},[57,10038,3538],{"class":169},[57,10040,9049],{"class":173},[57,10042,3543],{"class":169},[57,10044,3546],{"class":67},[57,10046,10047],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10048,9662],{"class":71},[20,10050,10051],{},"This gives the same result as:",[48,10053,10055],{"className":50,"code":10054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n",[15,10056,10057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10058,10059,10061,10063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10060,9393],{"class":63},[57,10062,68],{"class":67},[57,10064,10065],{"class":71}," {}\n",[20,10067,10068,10069,10071,10072,10075,10076,10078],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10070,4030],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10073,10074],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10077,9348],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[43,10080,10082],{"id":10081},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10084,10085,10086,620],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10087,9348],{},[48,10089,10091],{"className":50,"code":10090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10092,10093,10131,10145],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10094,10095,10097,10099,10101,10103,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10096,9442],{"class":63},[57,10098,68],{"class":67},[57,10100,9447],{"class":71},[57,10102,3543],{"class":169},[57,10104,7898],{"class":173},[57,10106,3543],{"class":169},[57,10108,79],{"class":71},[57,10110,3538],{"class":169},[57,10112,5237],{"class":173},[57,10114,3543],{"class":169},[57,10116,9460],{"class":71},[57,10118,9463],{"class":71},[57,10120,3543],{"class":169},[57,10122,9526],{"class":173},[57,10124,3543],{"class":169},[57,10126,79],{"class":71},[57,10128,9533],{"class":75},[57,10130,9476],{"class":71},[57,10132,10133,10135,10137,10139,10141,10143],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10134,9393],{"class":63},[57,10136,68],{"class":67},[57,10138,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10140,105],{"class":71},[57,10142,9489],{"class":113},[57,10144,316],{"class":71},[57,10146,10147,10149,10151,10153],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,10148,102],{"class":101},[57,10150,105],{"class":71},[57,10152,9431],{"class":113},[57,10154,316],{"class":71},[20,10156,10157],{},[1399,10158,216],{},[48,10160,10161],{"className":50,"code":9828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10162,10163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10164,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191,10193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10166,9505],{"class":71},[57,10168,3543],{"class":169},[57,10170,7898],{"class":173},[57,10172,3543],{"class":169},[57,10174,270],{"class":71},[57,10176,3538],{"class":169},[57,10178,5237],{"class":173},[57,10180,3543],{"class":169},[57,10182,79],{"class":71},[57,10184,3538],{"class":169},[57,10186,9526],{"class":173},[57,10188,3543],{"class":169},[57,10190,270],{"class":71},[57,10192,9533],{"class":75},[57,10194,9536],{"class":71},[20,10196,10197],{},"Each pair becomes:",[30,10199,10200,10203],{},[33,10201,10202],{},"the first item as the key",[33,10204,10205],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10207,10208],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[48,10210,10212],{"className":50,"code":10211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10213,10214,10249,10263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10215,10216,10218,10220,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10217,9442],{"class":63},[57,10219,68],{"class":67},[57,10221,10222],{"class":71}," ((",[57,10224,3543],{"class":169},[57,10226,614],{"class":173},[57,10228,3543],{"class":169},[57,10230,79],{"class":71},[57,10232,5729],{"class":75},[57,10234,9460],{"class":71},[57,10236,9463],{"class":71},[57,10238,3543],{"class":169},[57,10240,4993],{"class":173},[57,10242,3543],{"class":169},[57,10244,79],{"class":71},[57,10246,87],{"class":75},[57,10248,117],{"class":71},[57,10250,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10252,9393],{"class":63},[57,10254,68],{"class":67},[57,10256,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10258,105],{"class":71},[57,10260,9489],{"class":113},[57,10262,316],{"class":71},[57,10264,10265,10267,10269,10271],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,10266,102],{"class":101},[57,10268,105],{"class":71},[57,10270,9431],{"class":113},[57,10272,316],{"class":71},[20,10274,10275],{},[1399,10276,216],{},[48,10278,10279],{"className":50,"code":9742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10280,10281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10282,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10284,9505],{"class":71},[57,10286,3543],{"class":169},[57,10288,614],{"class":173},[57,10290,3543],{"class":169},[57,10292,270],{"class":71},[57,10294,5729],{"class":75},[57,10296,79],{"class":71},[57,10298,3538],{"class":169},[57,10300,4993],{"class":173},[57,10302,3543],{"class":169},[57,10304,270],{"class":71},[57,10306,87],{"class":75},[57,10308,9536],{"class":71},[20,10310,10311,10312,620],{},"Each item must contain ",[1399,10313,10314],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10316,3080],{},[48,10318,10320],{"className":50,"code":10319,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10321,10322,10362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10323,10324,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10325,10326],{"class":63},"bad_data ",[57,10328,68],{"class":67},[57,10330,9447],{"class":71},[57,10332,3543],{"class":169},[57,10334,614],{"class":173},[57,10336,3543],{"class":169},[57,10338,79],{"class":71},[57,10340,5729],{"class":75},[57,10342,79],{"class":71},[57,10344,10345],{"class":75}," 100",[57,10347,9460],{"class":71},[57,10349,9463],{"class":71},[57,10351,3543],{"class":169},[57,10353,4993],{"class":173},[57,10355,3543],{"class":169},[57,10357,79],{"class":71},[57,10359,87],{"class":75},[57,10361,9476],{"class":71},[57,10363,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10375],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10365,1336],{"class":63},[57,10367,68],{"class":67},[57,10369,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10371,105],{"class":71},[57,10373,10374],{"class":113},"bad_data",[57,10376,316],{"class":71},[20,10378,10379,10380,10383],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10381,10382],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10385,10386],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[48,10388,10390],{"className":50,"code":10389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10391,10392,10441,10455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10393,10394,10396,10398,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433,10435,10437,10439],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10395,9442],{"class":63},[57,10397,68],{"class":67},[57,10399,9447],{"class":71},[57,10401,3543],{"class":169},[57,10403,614],{"class":173},[57,10405,3543],{"class":169},[57,10407,79],{"class":71},[57,10409,5729],{"class":75},[57,10411,9460],{"class":71},[57,10413,9463],{"class":71},[57,10415,3543],{"class":169},[57,10417,614],{"class":173},[57,10419,3543],{"class":169},[57,10421,79],{"class":71},[57,10423,10424],{"class":75}," 99",[57,10426,9460],{"class":71},[57,10428,9463],{"class":71},[57,10430,3543],{"class":169},[57,10432,4993],{"class":173},[57,10434,3543],{"class":169},[57,10436,79],{"class":71},[57,10438,87],{"class":75},[57,10440,9476],{"class":71},[57,10442,10443,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10444,9393],{"class":63},[57,10446,68],{"class":67},[57,10448,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10450,105],{"class":71},[57,10452,9489],{"class":113},[57,10454,316],{"class":71},[57,10456,10457,10459,10461,10463],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,10458,102],{"class":101},[57,10460,105],{"class":71},[57,10462,9431],{"class":113},[57,10464,316],{"class":71},[20,10466,10467],{},[1399,10468,216],{},[48,10470,10472],{"className":50,"code":10471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10473,10474],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10475,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10477,9505],{"class":71},[57,10479,3543],{"class":169},[57,10481,614],{"class":173},[57,10483,3543],{"class":169},[57,10485,270],{"class":71},[57,10487,10424],{"class":75},[57,10489,79],{"class":71},[57,10491,3538],{"class":169},[57,10493,4993],{"class":173},[57,10495,3543],{"class":169},[57,10497,270],{"class":71},[57,10499,87],{"class":75},[57,10501,9536],{"class":71},[43,10503,10505],{"id":10504},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10507,10508],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[48,10510,10511],{"className":50,"code":9779,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10512,10513,10543],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10514,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533,10535,10537,10539,10541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10516,9393],{"class":63},[57,10518,68],{"class":67},[57,10520,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10522,105],{"class":71},[57,10524,7898],{"class":334},[57,10526,68],{"class":67},[57,10528,3543],{"class":169},[57,10530,5237],{"class":173},[57,10532,3543],{"class":169},[57,10534,79],{"class":71},[57,10536,9415],{"class":334},[57,10538,68],{"class":67},[57,10540,9420],{"class":75},[57,10542,316],{"class":71},[57,10544,10545,10547,10549,10551],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10546,102],{"class":101},[57,10548,105],{"class":71},[57,10550,9431],{"class":113},[57,10552,316],{"class":71},[20,10554,10555],{},[1399,10556,216],{},[48,10558,10559],{"className":50,"code":9828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10560,10561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10562,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10564,9505],{"class":71},[57,10566,3543],{"class":169},[57,10568,7898],{"class":173},[57,10570,3543],{"class":169},[57,10572,270],{"class":71},[57,10574,3538],{"class":169},[57,10576,5237],{"class":173},[57,10578,3543],{"class":169},[57,10580,79],{"class":71},[57,10582,3538],{"class":169},[57,10584,9526],{"class":173},[57,10586,3543],{"class":169},[57,10588,270],{"class":71},[57,10590,9533],{"class":75},[57,10592,9536],{"class":71},[20,10594,10595],{},"In this form:",[30,10597,10598,10606],{},[33,10599,10600,10602,10603],{},[15,10601,7898],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10604,10605],{},"'name'",[33,10607,10608,10602,10610],{},[15,10609,9526],{},[15,10611,10612],{},"'age'",[20,10614,10615],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10617,10618],{},"Valid examples:",[48,10620,10622],{"className":50,"code":10621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10623,10624,10662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10625,10626,10628,10630,10632,10634,10637,10639,10641,10644,10646,10648,10651,10653,10655,10658,10660],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10627,9393],{"class":63},[57,10629,68],{"class":67},[57,10631,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10633,105],{"class":71},[57,10635,10636],{"class":334},"city",[57,10638,68],{"class":67},[57,10640,3543],{"class":169},[57,10642,10643],{"class":173},"Paris",[57,10645,3543],{"class":169},[57,10647,79],{"class":71},[57,10649,10650],{"class":334}," country",[57,10652,68],{"class":67},[57,10654,3543],{"class":169},[57,10656,10657],{"class":173},"France",[57,10659,3543],{"class":169},[57,10661,316],{"class":71},[57,10663,10664,10666,10668,10670],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10665,102],{"class":101},[57,10667,105],{"class":71},[57,10669,9431],{"class":113},[57,10671,316],{"class":71},[20,10673,10674],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[30,10676,10677,10680,10683],{},[33,10678,10679],{},"spaces",[33,10681,10682],{},"hyphens",[33,10684,10685],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10687,10688,10689,10692],{},"For example, this is ",[1399,10690,10691],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[48,10694,10696],{"className":50,"code":10695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10697,10698],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10699,10700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10701,10695],{"class":3903},[20,10703,10704],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[48,10706,10708],{"className":50,"code":10707,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10709,10710,10753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10711,10712,10714,10716,10719,10721,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10741,10743,10745,10747,10749,10751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10713,9393],{"class":63},[57,10715,68],{"class":67},[57,10717,10718],{"class":71}," {",[57,10720,3543],{"class":169},[57,10722,10723],{"class":173},"first-name",[57,10725,3543],{"class":169},[57,10727,270],{"class":71},[57,10729,3538],{"class":169},[57,10731,7907],{"class":173},[57,10733,3543],{"class":169},[57,10735,79],{"class":71},[57,10737,3538],{"class":169},[57,10739,10740],{"class":173},"first name",[57,10742,3543],{"class":169},[57,10744,270],{"class":71},[57,10746,3538],{"class":169},[57,10748,7907],{"class":173},[57,10750,3543],{"class":169},[57,10752,9536],{"class":71},[57,10754,10755,10757,10759,10761],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10756,102],{"class":101},[57,10758,105],{"class":71},[57,10760,9431],{"class":113},[57,10762,316],{"class":71},[20,10764,10765],{},[1399,10766,216],{},[48,10768,10770],{"className":50,"code":10769,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10771,10772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10773,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802,10804,10806],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10775,9505],{"class":71},[57,10777,3543],{"class":169},[57,10779,10723],{"class":173},[57,10781,3543],{"class":169},[57,10783,270],{"class":71},[57,10785,3538],{"class":169},[57,10787,7907],{"class":173},[57,10789,3543],{"class":169},[57,10791,79],{"class":71},[57,10793,3538],{"class":169},[57,10795,10740],{"class":173},[57,10797,3543],{"class":169},[57,10799,270],{"class":71},[57,10801,3538],{"class":169},[57,10803,7907],{"class":173},[57,10805,3543],{"class":169},[57,10807,9536],{"class":71},[43,10809,10811,1682,10813],{"id":10810},"dict-vs",[15,10812,9348],{},[15,10814,4030],{},[20,10816,10817,10818,1242,10820,10822],{},"Both ",[15,10819,9348],{},[15,10821,4030],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[943,10824,1806,10826,10828],{"id":10825},"use-when",[15,10827,4030],{}," when:",[30,10830,10831,10834],{},[33,10832,10833],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[33,10835,10836],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[48,10838,10839],{"className":50,"code":10054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,10840,10841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10842,10843,10845,10847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10844,9393],{"class":63},[57,10846,68],{"class":67},[57,10848,10065],{"class":71},[943,10850,1806,10852,10828],{"id":10851},"use-dict-when",[15,10853,9348],{},[30,10855,10856,10859,10862],{},[33,10857,10858],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[33,10860,10861],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[33,10863,10864],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[48,10866,10868],{"className":50,"code":10867,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10869,10870,10907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10871,10872,10874,10876,10878,10880,10882,10884,10886,10888,10890,10892,10894,10896,10898,10900,10902,10904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10873,9393],{"class":63},[57,10875,68],{"class":67},[57,10877,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10879,9885],{"class":71},[57,10881,3543],{"class":169},[57,10883,614],{"class":173},[57,10885,3543],{"class":169},[57,10887,79],{"class":71},[57,10889,5729],{"class":75},[57,10891,9460],{"class":71},[57,10893,9463],{"class":71},[57,10895,3543],{"class":169},[57,10897,4993],{"class":173},[57,10899,3543],{"class":169},[57,10901,79],{"class":71},[57,10903,87],{"class":75},[57,10905,10906],{"class":71},")])\n",[57,10908,10909,10912,10914,10916,10918,10920,10922,10924,10926,10928,10930,10932,10934,10936],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,10910,10911],{"class":63},"info ",[57,10913,68],{"class":67},[57,10915,9398],{"class":1102},[57,10917,105],{"class":71},[57,10919,7898],{"class":334},[57,10921,68],{"class":67},[57,10923,3543],{"class":169},[57,10925,5237],{"class":173},[57,10927,3543],{"class":169},[57,10929,79],{"class":71},[57,10931,9415],{"class":334},[57,10933,68],{"class":67},[57,10935,9420],{"class":75},[57,10937,316],{"class":71},[20,10939,10940],{},"So:",[30,10942,10943,10948],{},[33,10944,10945,10947],{},[15,10946,4030],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[33,10949,10950,10952],{},[15,10951,9348],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10954,10955,10956,10960,10961,620],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[614,10957,10959],{"href":10958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[614,10962,10964,10965,10968],{"href":10963},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10966,10967],{},"get()"," method",[43,10970,10972],{"id":10971},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10974,10975,10976,620],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10977,9348],{},[943,10979,10981],{"id":10980},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10983,4758],{},[48,10985,10987],{"className":50,"code":10986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10988,10989,11013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,10990,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,10992,1147],{"class":63},[57,10994,68],{"class":67},[57,10996,72],{"class":71},[57,10998,3543],{"class":169},[57,11000,614],{"class":173},[57,11002,3543],{"class":169},[57,11004,79],{"class":71},[57,11006,3538],{"class":169},[57,11008,4993],{"class":173},[57,11010,3543],{"class":169},[57,11012,95],{"class":71},[57,11014,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11016,9393],{"class":63},[57,11018,68],{"class":67},[57,11020,9398],{"class":1102},[57,11022,105],{"class":71},[57,11024,1199],{"class":113},[57,11026,316],{"class":71},[20,11028,11029,11030,620],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,11031,11032],{},"('a', 1)",[20,11034,11035],{},"Correct version:",[48,11037,11039],{"className":50,"code":11038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,11040,11041,11075,11089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11042,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057,11059,11061,11063,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11044,1147],{"class":63},[57,11046,68],{"class":67},[57,11048,9447],{"class":71},[57,11050,3543],{"class":169},[57,11052,614],{"class":173},[57,11054,3543],{"class":169},[57,11056,79],{"class":71},[57,11058,5729],{"class":75},[57,11060,9460],{"class":71},[57,11062,9463],{"class":71},[57,11064,3543],{"class":169},[57,11066,4993],{"class":173},[57,11068,3543],{"class":169},[57,11070,79],{"class":71},[57,11072,87],{"class":75},[57,11074,9476],{"class":71},[57,11076,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11078,9393],{"class":63},[57,11080,68],{"class":67},[57,11082,9398],{"class":1102},[57,11084,105],{"class":71},[57,11086,1199],{"class":113},[57,11088,316],{"class":71},[57,11090,11091,11093,11095,11097],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,11092,102],{"class":101},[57,11094,105],{"class":71},[57,11096,9431],{"class":113},[57,11098,316],{"class":71},[943,11100,11102],{"id":11101},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11104,11105],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[48,11107,11109],{"className":50,"code":11108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11110,11111],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11112,11113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11114,11108],{"class":3903},[20,11116,11117,11118,270],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11119,68],{},[48,11121,11123],{"className":50,"code":11122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11124,11125,11147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11126,11127,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11141,11143,11145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11128,9393],{"class":63},[57,11130,68],{"class":67},[57,11132,9398],{"class":1102},[57,11134,105],{"class":71},[57,11136,7898],{"class":334},[57,11138,68],{"class":67},[57,11140,3543],{"class":169},[57,11142,5237],{"class":173},[57,11144,3543],{"class":169},[57,11146,316],{"class":71},[57,11148,11149,11151,11153,11155],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11150,102],{"class":101},[57,11152,105],{"class":71},[57,11154,9431],{"class":113},[57,11156,316],{"class":71},[943,11158,11160],{"id":11159},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11162,11163],{},"This will not work:",[48,11165,11166],{"className":50,"code":10695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,11167,11168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11169,11170],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11171,10695],{"class":3903},[20,11173,11174],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[48,11176,11178],{"className":50,"code":11177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11179,11180,11204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11181,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11183,9393],{"class":63},[57,11185,68],{"class":67},[57,11187,10718],{"class":71},[57,11189,3543],{"class":169},[57,11191,10723],{"class":173},[57,11193,3543],{"class":169},[57,11195,270],{"class":71},[57,11197,3538],{"class":169},[57,11199,7907],{"class":173},[57,11201,3543],{"class":169},[57,11203,9536],{"class":71},[57,11205,11206,11208,11210,11212],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11207,102],{"class":101},[57,11209,105],{"class":71},[57,11211,9431],{"class":113},[57,11213,316],{"class":71},[943,11215,11217],{"id":11216},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11219,11220],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[48,11222,11224],{"className":50,"code":11223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11225,11226,11262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11227,11228,11230,11232,11234,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11229,9393],{"class":63},[57,11231,68],{"class":67},[57,11233,9398],{"class":1102},[57,11235,9885],{"class":71},[57,11237,3543],{"class":169},[57,11239,1956],{"class":173},[57,11241,3543],{"class":169},[57,11243,79],{"class":71},[57,11245,5729],{"class":75},[57,11247,9460],{"class":71},[57,11249,9463],{"class":71},[57,11251,3543],{"class":169},[57,11253,1956],{"class":173},[57,11255,3543],{"class":169},[57,11257,79],{"class":71},[57,11259,87],{"class":75},[57,11261,10906],{"class":71},[57,11263,11264,11266,11268,11270],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11265,102],{"class":101},[57,11267,105],{"class":71},[57,11269,9431],{"class":113},[57,11271,316],{"class":71},[20,11273,11274],{},[1399,11275,216],{},[48,11277,11279],{"className":50,"code":11278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11280,11281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11282,11283,11285,11287,11289,11291,11293,11295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11284,9505],{"class":71},[57,11286,3543],{"class":169},[57,11288,1956],{"class":173},[57,11290,3543],{"class":169},[57,11292,270],{"class":71},[57,11294,87],{"class":75},[57,11296,9536],{"class":71},[20,11298,11299,11300,620],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[614,11301,11303],{"href":11302},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[43,11305,1829],{"id":1828},[20,11307,11308,11309,11311],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11310,9348],{}," include:",[30,11313,11314,11324,11330,11333],{},[33,11315,11316,11317,11320,11321],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11318,11319],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11322,11323],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[33,11325,11326,11327],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11328,11329],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[33,11331,11332],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[33,11334,11335,11336,11338],{},"confusing ",[15,11337,9348],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11340,1862],{},[48,11342,11344],{"className":50,"code":11343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11345,11346,11360,11370,11381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11347,11348,11350,11352,11354,11356,11358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11349,102],{"class":101},[57,11351,105],{"class":71},[57,11353,1886],{"class":1102},[57,11355,105],{"class":71},[57,11357,9431],{"class":113},[57,11359,117],{"class":71},[57,11361,11362,11364,11366,11368],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11363,102],{"class":101},[57,11365,105],{"class":71},[57,11367,9431],{"class":113},[57,11369,316],{"class":71},[57,11371,11372,11374,11376,11379],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,11373,102],{"class":101},[57,11375,105],{"class":71},[57,11377,11378],{"class":113},"list_of_pairs",[57,11380,316],{"class":71},[57,11382,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,11384,102],{"class":101},[57,11386,105],{"class":71},[57,11388,1007],{"class":101},[57,11390,105],{"class":71},[57,11392,11378],{"class":113},[57,11394,117],{"class":71},[20,11396,11397],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[30,11399,11400,11403,11406],{},[33,11401,11402],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[33,11404,11405],{},"what data is being passed in",[33,11407,11408],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[43,11410,2011],{"id":2010},[943,11412,2119,11414,1242,11416,2053],{"id":11413},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11415,9348],{},[15,11417,4030],{},[20,11419,11420,11422,11423,11425],{},[15,11421,4030],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11424,9348],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[943,11427,2025,11429,11431],{"id":11428},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11430,9348],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11433,11434,11435,620],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11436,11323],{},[943,11438,5389,11440,11443],{"id":11439},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11441,11442],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11445,11446],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[943,11448,11450,11451,11453],{"id":11449},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11452,9348],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11455,11456,11457,11460],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11458,11459],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[43,11462,2135],{"id":2134},[30,11464,11465,11470,11474,11479,11485],{},[33,11466,11467],{},[614,11468,11469],{"href":9618},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[33,11471,11472],{},[614,11473,9383],{"href":9382},[33,11475,11476],{},[614,11477,11478],{"href":10958},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[33,11480,11481],{},[614,11482,10964,11483,10968],{"href":10963},[15,11484,10967],{},[33,11486,11487],{},[614,11488,11489],{"href":11302},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2172,11491,11492],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":11494},[11495,11497,11503,11504,11505,11506,11513,11519,11520,11530],{"id":9572,"depth":98,"text":11496},"What dict() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":11498},[11499,11500,11501,11502],{"id":9629,"depth":120,"text":9630},{"id":9671,"depth":120,"text":9672},{"id":9775,"depth":120,"text":9776},{"id":9865,"depth":120,"text":9866},{"id":9977,"depth":98,"text":9630},{"id":10081,"depth":98,"text":10082},{"id":10504,"depth":98,"text":10505},{"id":10810,"depth":98,"text":11507,"children":11508},"dict() vs {}",[11509,11511],{"id":10825,"depth":120,"text":11510},"Use {} when:",{"id":10851,"depth":120,"text":11512},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10971,"depth":98,"text":10972,"children":11514},[11515,11516,11517,11518],{"id":10980,"depth":120,"text":10981},{"id":11101,"depth":120,"text":11102},{"id":11159,"depth":120,"text":11160},{"id":11216,"depth":120,"text":11217},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":11521},[11522,11524,11526,11528],{"id":11413,"depth":120,"text":11523},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11428,"depth":120,"text":11525},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11439,"depth":120,"text":11527},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11449,"depth":120,"text":11529},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9340,"description":11531},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11538,"title":11539,"body":11540,"description":13051,"extension":2219,"meta":13052,"navigation":123,"path":13053,"seo":13054,"stem":13055,"__hash__":13056},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11541,"toc":13020},[11542,11550,11556,11563,11565,11626,11631,11636,11641,11659,11662,11666,11668,11684,11687,11700,11704,11707,11841,11843,11910,11913,11929,11935,11941,11944,12026,12028,12042,12046,12052,12117,12119,12127,12130,12153,12159,12222,12228,12231,12245,12258,12262,12273,12278,12289,12296,12300,12306,12427,12429,12455,12458,12475,12478,12589,12591,12640,12642,12655,12664,12669,12674,12685,12687,12790,12813,12815,12819,12838,12841,12899,12902,12928,12930,12937,12940,12946,12950,12957,12965,12971,12974,12976,13017],[10,11543,11545,11546,11549],{"id":11544},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11547,11548],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11551,11552,11555],{},[15,11553,11554],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11557,11558,11559,11562],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[1399,11560,11561],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[43,11564,46],{"id":45},[48,11566,11568],{"className":50,"code":11567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11569,11570,11602,11613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11571,11572,11574,11576,11578,11580,11582,11584,11586,11588,11590,11592,11594,11596,11598,11600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11573,9393],{"class":63},[57,11575,68],{"class":67},[57,11577,10718],{"class":71},[57,11579,170],{"class":169},[57,11581,614],{"class":173},[57,11583,170],{"class":169},[57,11585,270],{"class":71},[57,11587,5729],{"class":75},[57,11589,79],{"class":71},[57,11591,181],{"class":169},[57,11593,4993],{"class":173},[57,11595,170],{"class":169},[57,11597,270],{"class":71},[57,11599,87],{"class":75},[57,11601,9536],{"class":71},[57,11603,11604,11606,11608,11611],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11605,9431],{"class":63},[57,11607,620],{"class":71},[57,11609,11610],{"class":113},"clear",[57,11612,8870],{"class":71},[57,11614,11615,11617,11619,11621,11623],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,11616,102],{"class":101},[57,11618,105],{"class":71},[57,11620,9431],{"class":113},[57,11622,1959],{"class":71},[57,11624,11625],{"class":3903},"  # {}\n",[20,11627,11628,11630],{},[15,11629,11548],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[43,11632,262,11634,265],{"id":11633},"what-clear-does",[15,11635,11548],{},[20,11637,935,11638,11640],{},[15,11639,11548],{}," method:",[30,11642,11643,11646,11649,11654],{},[33,11644,11645],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[33,11647,11648],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[33,11650,11651,11652],{},"Returns ",[15,11653,1524],{},[33,11655,11656,11657],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11658,4030],{},[20,11660,11661],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11663,9379,11664,620],{},[614,11665,9383],{"href":9382},[43,11667,294],{"id":293},[48,11669,11671],{"className":50,"code":11670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11672,11673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11674,11675,11678,11680,11682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11676,11677],{"class":63},"my_dict",[57,11679,620],{"class":71},[57,11681,11610],{"class":113},[57,11683,8870],{"class":71},[20,11685,11686],{},"Important points:",[30,11688,11689,11694,11697],{},[33,11690,11691,11693],{},[15,11692,11548],{}," takes no arguments",[33,11695,11696],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[33,11698,11699],{},"It empties that dictionary",[43,11701,11703],{"id":11702},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11705,11706],{},"Here is a basic example:",[48,11708,11710],{"className":50,"code":11709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11711,11712,11722,11743,11757,11774,11778,11782,11802,11806,11817,11821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11713,11714,11717,11719],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11715,11716],{"class":63},"user ",[57,11718,68],{"class":67},[57,11720,11721],{"class":71}," {\n",[57,11723,11724,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11738,11740],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11725,11726],{"class":169},"    \"",[57,11728,7898],{"class":173},[57,11730,170],{"class":169},[57,11732,270],{"class":71},[57,11734,181],{"class":169},[57,11736,11737],{"class":173},"Maya",[57,11739,170],{"class":169},[57,11741,11742],{"class":71},",\n",[57,11744,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,11746,11726],{"class":169},[57,11748,9526],{"class":173},[57,11750,170],{"class":169},[57,11752,270],{"class":71},[57,11754,9533],{"class":75},[57,11756,11742],{"class":71},[57,11758,11759,11761,11763,11765,11767,11769,11772],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,11760,11726],{"class":169},[57,11762,10636],{"class":173},[57,11764,170],{"class":169},[57,11766,270],{"class":71},[57,11768,181],{"class":169},[57,11770,11771],{"class":173},"Berlin",[57,11773,3602],{"class":169},[57,11775,11776],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,11777,9536],{"class":71},[57,11779,11780],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,11781,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,11783,11784,11786,11788,11790,11793,11795,11797,11800],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,11785,102],{"class":101},[57,11787,105],{"class":71},[57,11789,170],{"class":169},[57,11791,11792],{"class":173},"Before:",[57,11794,170],{"class":169},[57,11796,79],{"class":71},[57,11798,11799],{"class":113}," user",[57,11801,316],{"class":71},[57,11803,11804],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,11805,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,11807,11808,11811,11813,11815],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,11809,11810],{"class":63},"user",[57,11812,620],{"class":71},[57,11814,11610],{"class":113},[57,11816,8870],{"class":71},[57,11818,11819],{"class":59,"line":6666},[57,11820,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,11822,11824,11826,11828,11830,11833,11835,11837,11839],{"class":59,"line":11823},11,[57,11825,102],{"class":101},[57,11827,105],{"class":71},[57,11829,170],{"class":169},[57,11831,11832],{"class":173},"After:",[57,11834,170],{"class":169},[57,11836,79],{"class":71},[57,11838,11799],{"class":113},[57,11840,316],{"class":71},[20,11842,5791],{},[48,11844,11846],{"className":50,"code":11845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11847,11848,11901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11849,11850,11853,11855,11857,11859,11861,11863,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11885,11887,11889,11891,11893,11895,11897,11899],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11851,11852],{"class":63},"Before",[57,11854,270],{"class":71},[57,11856,10718],{"class":71},[57,11858,3543],{"class":169},[57,11860,7898],{"class":173},[57,11862,3543],{"class":169},[57,11864,270],{"class":71},[57,11866,3538],{"class":169},[57,11868,11737],{"class":173},[57,11870,3543],{"class":169},[57,11872,79],{"class":71},[57,11874,3538],{"class":169},[57,11876,9526],{"class":173},[57,11878,3543],{"class":169},[57,11880,270],{"class":71},[57,11882,9533],{"class":75},[57,11884,79],{"class":71},[57,11886,3538],{"class":169},[57,11888,10636],{"class":173},[57,11890,3543],{"class":169},[57,11892,270],{"class":71},[57,11894,3538],{"class":169},[57,11896,11771],{"class":173},[57,11898,3543],{"class":169},[57,11900,9536],{"class":71},[57,11902,11903,11906,11908],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11904,11905],{"class":63},"After",[57,11907,270],{"class":71},[57,11909,10065],{"class":71},[20,11911,11912],{},"What happens here:",[30,11914,11915,11920,11926],{},[33,11916,11917,11919],{},[15,11918,11810],{}," starts with three items",[33,11921,11922,11925],{},[15,11923,11924],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[33,11927,11928],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[43,11930,262,11932,11934],{"id":11931},"what-clear-returns",[15,11933,11548],{}," returns",[20,11936,11937,2646,11939,620],{},[15,11938,11548],{},[15,11940,1524],{},[20,11942,11943],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,11945,11947],{"className":50,"code":11946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11948,11949,11983,11987,12002,12006,12016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,11950,11951,11954,11956,11958,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970,11972,11975,11977,11979,11981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,11952,11953],{"class":63},"my_dict ",[57,11955,68],{"class":67},[57,11957,10718],{"class":71},[57,11959,170],{"class":169},[57,11961,1956],{"class":173},[57,11963,170],{"class":169},[57,11965,270],{"class":71},[57,11967,5729],{"class":75},[57,11969,79],{"class":71},[57,11971,181],{"class":169},[57,11973,11974],{"class":173},"y",[57,11976,170],{"class":169},[57,11978,270],{"class":71},[57,11980,87],{"class":75},[57,11982,9536],{"class":71},[57,11984,11985],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,11986,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,11988,11989,11991,11993,11996,11998,12000],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,11990,1336],{"class":63},[57,11992,68],{"class":67},[57,11994,11995],{"class":63}," my_dict",[57,11997,620],{"class":71},[57,11999,11610],{"class":113},[57,12001,8870],{"class":71},[57,12003,12004],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,12005,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12007,12008,12010,12012,12014],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,12009,102],{"class":101},[57,12011,105],{"class":71},[57,12013,1368],{"class":113},[57,12015,316],{"class":71},[57,12017,12018,12020,12022,12024],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,12019,102],{"class":101},[57,12021,105],{"class":71},[57,12023,11677],{"class":113},[57,12025,316],{"class":71},[20,12027,216],{},[48,12029,12031],{"className":50,"code":12030,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{}\n",[15,12032,12033,12038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12034,12035],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12036,12037],{"class":1523},"None\n",[57,12039,12040],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12041,9662],{"class":71},[943,12043,12045],{"id":12044},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,12047,12048,12049,12051],{},"Do ",[1399,12050,1401],{}," do this:",[48,12053,12055],{"className":50,"code":12054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,12056,12057,12089,12103,12107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12058,12059,12061,12063,12065,12067,12069,12071,12073,12075,12077,12079,12081,12083,12085,12087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12060,11953],{"class":63},[57,12062,68],{"class":67},[57,12064,10718],{"class":71},[57,12066,170],{"class":169},[57,12068,1956],{"class":173},[57,12070,170],{"class":169},[57,12072,270],{"class":71},[57,12074,5729],{"class":75},[57,12076,79],{"class":71},[57,12078,181],{"class":169},[57,12080,11974],{"class":173},[57,12082,170],{"class":169},[57,12084,270],{"class":71},[57,12086,87],{"class":75},[57,12088,9536],{"class":71},[57,12090,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12092,11953],{"class":63},[57,12094,68],{"class":67},[57,12096,11995],{"class":63},[57,12098,620],{"class":71},[57,12100,11610],{"class":113},[57,12102,8870],{"class":71},[57,12104,12105],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12106,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12108,12109,12111,12113,12115],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,12110,102],{"class":101},[57,12112,105],{"class":71},[57,12114,11677],{"class":113},[57,12116,316],{"class":71},[20,12118,216],{},[48,12120,12121],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,12122,12123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12124,12125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12126,12037],{"class":1523},[20,12128,12129],{},"Why this happens:",[30,12131,12132,12138,12143],{},[33,12133,12134,12137],{},[15,12135,12136],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[33,12139,12140,12141],{},"The method returns ",[15,12142,1524],{},[33,12144,12145,12146,12149,12150,12152],{},"Then ",[15,12147,12148],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12151,1524],{}," in the variable",[20,12154,12155,12156,12158],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12157,11548],{}," by itself:",[48,12160,12162],{"className":50,"code":12161,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12163,12164,12196,12206,12210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12165,12166,12168,12170,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188,12190,12192,12194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12167,11953],{"class":63},[57,12169,68],{"class":67},[57,12171,10718],{"class":71},[57,12173,170],{"class":169},[57,12175,1956],{"class":173},[57,12177,170],{"class":169},[57,12179,270],{"class":71},[57,12181,5729],{"class":75},[57,12183,79],{"class":71},[57,12185,181],{"class":169},[57,12187,11974],{"class":173},[57,12189,170],{"class":169},[57,12191,270],{"class":71},[57,12193,87],{"class":75},[57,12195,9536],{"class":71},[57,12197,12198,12200,12202,12204],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12199,11677],{"class":63},[57,12201,620],{"class":71},[57,12203,11610],{"class":113},[57,12205,8870],{"class":71},[57,12207,12208],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12209,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12211,12212,12214,12216,12218,12220],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,12213,102],{"class":101},[57,12215,105],{"class":71},[57,12217,11677],{"class":113},[57,12219,1959],{"class":71},[57,12221,11625],{"class":3903},[43,12223,12225,12227],{"id":12224},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12226,11548],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12229,12230],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[48,12232,12233],{"className":50,"code":11670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,12234,12235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12236,12237,12239,12241,12243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12238,11677],{"class":63},[57,12240,620],{"class":71},[57,12242,11610],{"class":113},[57,12244,8870],{"class":71},[48,12246,12248],{"className":50,"code":12247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12249,12250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12251,12252,12254,12256],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12253,11953],{"class":63},[57,12255,68],{"class":67},[57,12257,10065],{"class":71},[943,12259,12260],{"id":11610},[15,12261,11548],{},[30,12263,12264,12267,12270],{},[33,12265,12266],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[33,12268,12269],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[33,12271,12272],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[943,12274,12275],{"id":11677},[15,12276,12277],{},"my_dict = {}",[30,12279,12280,12283,12286],{},[33,12281,12282],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[33,12284,12285],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[33,12287,12288],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12290,12291,12292,620],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[614,12293,12295],{"href":12294},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[43,12297,12299],{"id":12298},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12301,12302,12303,12305],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12304,11548],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[48,12307,12309],{"className":50,"code":12308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12310,12311,12344,12354,12358,12369,12373,12393,12413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12312,12313,12316,12318,12320,12322,12324,12326,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12314,12315],{"class":63},"original ",[57,12317,68],{"class":67},[57,12319,10718],{"class":71},[57,12321,170],{"class":169},[57,12323,614],{"class":173},[57,12325,170],{"class":169},[57,12327,270],{"class":71},[57,12329,5729],{"class":75},[57,12331,79],{"class":71},[57,12333,181],{"class":169},[57,12335,4993],{"class":173},[57,12337,170],{"class":169},[57,12339,270],{"class":71},[57,12341,87],{"class":75},[57,12343,9536],{"class":71},[57,12345,12346,12349,12351],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12347,12348],{"class":63},"other_ref ",[57,12350,68],{"class":67},[57,12352,12353],{"class":63}," original\n",[57,12355,12356],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12357,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12359,12360,12363,12365,12367],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,12361,12362],{"class":63},"original",[57,12364,620],{"class":71},[57,12366,11610],{"class":113},[57,12368,8870],{"class":71},[57,12370,12371],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,12372,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12374,12375,12377,12379,12381,12384,12386,12388,12391],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,12376,102],{"class":101},[57,12378,105],{"class":71},[57,12380,170],{"class":169},[57,12382,12383],{"class":173},"original:",[57,12385,170],{"class":169},[57,12387,79],{"class":71},[57,12389,12390],{"class":113}," original",[57,12392,316],{"class":71},[57,12394,12395,12397,12399,12401,12404,12406,12408,12411],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,12396,102],{"class":101},[57,12398,105],{"class":71},[57,12400,170],{"class":169},[57,12402,12403],{"class":173},"other_ref:",[57,12405,170],{"class":169},[57,12407,79],{"class":71},[57,12409,12410],{"class":113}," other_ref",[57,12412,316],{"class":71},[57,12414,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,12416,102],{"class":101},[57,12418,105],{"class":71},[57,12420,12315],{"class":113},[57,12422,1481],{"class":1962},[57,12424,12410],{"class":113},[57,12426,316],{"class":71},[20,12428,216],{},[48,12430,12432],{"className":50,"code":12431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12433,12434,12442,12451],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12435,12436,12438,12440],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12437,12362],{"class":63},[57,12439,270],{"class":71},[57,12441,10065],{"class":71},[57,12443,12444,12447,12449],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12445,12446],{"class":63},"other_ref",[57,12448,270],{"class":71},[57,12450,10065],{"class":71},[57,12452,12453],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12454,4214],{"class":1523},[20,12456,12457],{},"This shows:",[30,12459,12460,12467,12472],{},[33,12461,12462,1242,12464,12466],{},[15,12463,12362],{},[15,12465,12446],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[33,12468,12469,12471],{},[15,12470,11548],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[33,12473,12474],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12476,12477],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[48,12479,12481],{"className":50,"code":12480,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12482,12483,12515,12523,12527,12535,12539,12557,12575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12484,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495,12497,12499,12501,12503,12505,12507,12509,12511,12513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12486,12315],{"class":63},[57,12488,68],{"class":67},[57,12490,10718],{"class":71},[57,12492,170],{"class":169},[57,12494,614],{"class":173},[57,12496,170],{"class":169},[57,12498,270],{"class":71},[57,12500,5729],{"class":75},[57,12502,79],{"class":71},[57,12504,181],{"class":169},[57,12506,4993],{"class":173},[57,12508,170],{"class":169},[57,12510,270],{"class":71},[57,12512,87],{"class":75},[57,12514,9536],{"class":71},[57,12516,12517,12519,12521],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12518,12348],{"class":63},[57,12520,68],{"class":67},[57,12522,12353],{"class":63},[57,12524,12525],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12526,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12528,12529,12531,12533],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,12530,12315],{"class":63},[57,12532,68],{"class":67},[57,12534,10065],{"class":71},[57,12536,12537],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,12538,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12540,12541,12543,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553,12555],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,12542,102],{"class":101},[57,12544,105],{"class":71},[57,12546,170],{"class":169},[57,12548,12383],{"class":173},[57,12550,170],{"class":169},[57,12552,79],{"class":71},[57,12554,12390],{"class":113},[57,12556,316],{"class":71},[57,12558,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,12560,102],{"class":101},[57,12562,105],{"class":71},[57,12564,170],{"class":169},[57,12566,12403],{"class":173},[57,12568,170],{"class":169},[57,12570,79],{"class":71},[57,12572,12410],{"class":113},[57,12574,316],{"class":71},[57,12576,12577,12579,12581,12583,12585,12587],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,12578,102],{"class":101},[57,12580,105],{"class":71},[57,12582,12315],{"class":113},[57,12584,1481],{"class":1962},[57,12586,12410],{"class":113},[57,12588,316],{"class":71},[20,12590,216],{},[48,12592,12594],{"className":50,"code":12593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12595,12596,12604,12636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12597,12598,12600,12602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12599,12362],{"class":63},[57,12601,270],{"class":71},[57,12603,10065],{"class":71},[57,12605,12606,12608,12610,12612,12614,12616,12618,12620,12622,12624,12626,12628,12630,12632,12634],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12607,12446],{"class":63},[57,12609,270],{"class":71},[57,12611,10718],{"class":71},[57,12613,3543],{"class":169},[57,12615,614],{"class":173},[57,12617,3543],{"class":169},[57,12619,270],{"class":71},[57,12621,5729],{"class":75},[57,12623,79],{"class":71},[57,12625,3538],{"class":169},[57,12627,4993],{"class":173},[57,12629,3543],{"class":169},[57,12631,270],{"class":71},[57,12633,87],{"class":75},[57,12635,9536],{"class":71},[57,12637,12638],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12639,4275],{"class":1523},[20,12641,2430],{},[30,12643,12644,12650],{},[33,12645,12646,12649],{},[15,12647,12648],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[33,12651,12652,12654],{},[15,12653,12446],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12656,12657,12658,620],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[614,12659,12661],{"href":12660},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12662,12663],{},"dict.copy()",[43,12665,5194,12667],{"id":12666},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12668,11548],{},[20,12670,12671,12673],{},[15,12672,11548],{}," is useful when you want to:",[30,12675,12676,12679,12682],{},[33,12677,12678],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[33,12680,12681],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[33,12683,12684],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12686,864],{},[48,12688,12690],{"className":50,"code":12689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12691,12692,12701,12717,12737,12750,12754,12758,12763,12774,12778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12693,12694,12697,12699],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12695,12696],{"class":63},"session_data ",[57,12698,68],{"class":67},[57,12700,11721],{"class":71},[57,12702,12703,12705,12708,12710,12712,12715],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12704,11726],{"class":169},[57,12706,12707],{"class":173},"user_id",[57,12709,170],{"class":169},[57,12711,270],{"class":71},[57,12713,12714],{"class":75}," 101",[57,12716,11742],{"class":71},[57,12718,12719,12721,12724,12726,12728,12730,12733,12735],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12720,11726],{"class":169},[57,12722,12723],{"class":173},"theme",[57,12725,170],{"class":169},[57,12727,270],{"class":71},[57,12729,181],{"class":169},[57,12731,12732],{"class":173},"dark",[57,12734,170],{"class":169},[57,12736,11742],{"class":71},[57,12738,12739,12741,12744,12746,12748],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,12740,11726],{"class":169},[57,12742,12743],{"class":173},"logged_in",[57,12745,170],{"class":169},[57,12747,270],{"class":71},[57,12749,6652],{"class":1523},[57,12751,12752],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,12753,9536],{"class":71},[57,12755,12756],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,12757,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12759,12760],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,12761,12762],{"class":3903},"# Reset for a new session\n",[57,12764,12765,12768,12770,12772],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,12766,12767],{"class":63},"session_data",[57,12769,620],{"class":71},[57,12771,11610],{"class":113},[57,12773,8870],{"class":71},[57,12775,12776],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,12777,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,12779,12780,12782,12784,12786,12788],{"class":59,"line":6666},[57,12781,102],{"class":101},[57,12783,105],{"class":71},[57,12785,12767],{"class":113},[57,12787,1959],{"class":71},[57,12789,11625],{"class":3903},[20,12791,12792,12793,12799,12800,620,12804,12806,12807,620],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[614,12794,12796],{"href":12795},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12797,12798],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[614,12801,12803],{"href":12802},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10073,12805],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[614,12808,12810],{"href":12809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12811,12812],{},"dict.popitem()",[43,12814,1829],{"id":1828},[20,12816,10975,12817,270],{},[15,12818,11548],{},[30,12820,12821,12827,12832,12835],{},[33,12822,12823,12824,12826],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12825,11548],{}," to a variable",[33,12828,1848,12829,12831],{},[15,12830,11548],{}," to return a new dictionary",[33,12833,12834],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[33,12836,12837],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12839,12840],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[48,12842,12844],{"className":50,"code":12843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12845,12846,12856,12870,12885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,12847,12848,12850,12852,12854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,12849,102],{"class":101},[57,12851,105],{"class":71},[57,12853,11677],{"class":113},[57,12855,316],{"class":71},[57,12857,12858,12860,12862,12864,12866,12868],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,12859,102],{"class":101},[57,12861,105],{"class":71},[57,12863,1886],{"class":1102},[57,12865,105],{"class":71},[57,12867,11677],{"class":113},[57,12869,117],{"class":71},[57,12871,12872,12874,12876,12879,12881,12883],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,12873,102],{"class":101},[57,12875,105],{"class":71},[57,12877,12878],{"class":101},"id",[57,12880,105],{"class":71},[57,12882,11677],{"class":113},[57,12884,117],{"class":71},[57,12886,12887,12889,12891,12893,12895,12897],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,12888,102],{"class":101},[57,12890,105],{"class":71},[57,12892,12348],{"class":113},[57,12894,1481],{"class":1962},[57,12896,11995],{"class":113},[57,12898,316],{"class":71},[20,12900,12901],{},"What these show:",[30,12903,12904,12910,12916,12922],{},[33,12905,12906,12909],{},[15,12907,12908],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[33,12911,12912,12915],{},[15,12913,12914],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[33,12917,12918,12921],{},[15,12919,12920],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[33,12923,12924,12927],{},[15,12925,12926],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[43,12929,2011],{"id":2010},[943,12931,12933,12934,12936],{"id":12932},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12935,11548],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12938,12939],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[943,12941,2015,12943,12945],{"id":12942},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12944,11554],{}," return?",[20,12947,5379,12948,620],{},[15,12949,1524],{},[943,12951,2119,12953,1242,12955,2053],{"id":12952},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12954,11548],{},[15,12956,4030],{},[20,12958,12959,12961,12962,12964],{},[15,12960,11548],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12963,4030],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[943,12966,12933,12968,12970],{"id":12967},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12969,11548],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12972,12973],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[43,12975,2135],{"id":2134},[30,12977,12978,12982,12986,12993,13000,13007,13012],{},[33,12979,12980],{},[614,12981,9383],{"href":9382},[33,12983,12984],{},[614,12985,11469],{"href":9618},[33,12987,12988],{},[614,12989,10964,12990,10968],{"href":12795},[15,12991,12992],{},"pop()",[33,12994,12995],{},[614,12996,10964,12997,10968],{"href":12809},[15,12998,12999],{},"popitem()",[33,13001,13002],{},[614,13003,10964,13004,10968],{"href":12660},[15,13005,13006],{},"copy()",[33,13008,13009],{},[614,13010,13011],{"href":12294},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[33,13013,13014],{},[614,13015,13016],{"href":12802},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2172,13018,13019],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":13021},[13022,13023,13025,13026,13027,13031,13036,13037,13039,13040,13050],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":11633,"depth":98,"text":13024},"What clear() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":11931,"depth":98,"text":13028,"children":13029},"What clear() returns",[13030],{"id":12044,"depth":120,"text":12045},{"id":12224,"depth":98,"text":13032,"children":13033},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[13034,13035],{"id":11610,"depth":120,"text":11548},{"id":11677,"depth":120,"text":12277},{"id":12298,"depth":98,"text":12299},{"id":12666,"depth":98,"text":13038},"When to use clear()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":13041},[13042,13044,13046,13048],{"id":12932,"depth":120,"text":13043},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12942,"depth":120,"text":13045},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12952,"depth":120,"text":13047},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12967,"depth":120,"text":13049},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11539,"description":13051},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":13058,"title":13059,"body":13060,"description":15227,"extension":2219,"meta":15228,"navigation":123,"path":15229,"seo":15230,"stem":15231,"__hash__":15232},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13061,"toc":15199},[13062,13067,13072,13082,13084,13173,13177,13218,13223,13230,13248,13257,13259,13280,13283,13295,13297,13376,13380,13421,13423,13426,13554,13558,13638,13641,13659,13662,13666,13672,13674,13685,13687,13881,13885,13991,13994,14012,14015,14022,14027,14031,14045,14047,14174,14178,14258,14271,14277,14280,14288,14292,14418,14422,14496,14501,14632,14636,14710,14713,14727,14731,14735,14749,14751,14887,14891,14960,14962,14967,14989,14992,15098,15101,15112,15119,15121,15127,15130,15137,15140,15147,15155,15159,15162,15164,15196],[10,13063,11545,13065,11549],{"id":13064},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13066,13006],{},[20,13068,13069,13071],{},[15,13070,12663],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13073,13074,13075,13077,13078,13081],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13076,13006],{}," makes a ",[1399,13079,13080],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[43,13083,46],{"id":45},[48,13085,13087],{"className":50,"code":13086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13088,13089,13127,13144,13148,13159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13090,13091,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13092,13093],{"class":63},"student ",[57,13095,68],{"class":67},[57,13097,10718],{"class":71},[57,13099,170],{"class":169},[57,13101,7898],{"class":173},[57,13103,170],{"class":169},[57,13105,270],{"class":71},[57,13107,181],{"class":169},[57,13109,13110],{"class":173},"Ana",[57,13112,170],{"class":169},[57,13114,79],{"class":71},[57,13116,181],{"class":169},[57,13118,9526],{"class":173},[57,13120,170],{"class":169},[57,13122,270],{"class":71},[57,13124,1617],{"class":75},[57,13126,9536],{"class":71},[57,13128,13129,13132,13134,13137,13139,13142],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,13130,13131],{"class":63},"student_copy ",[57,13133,68],{"class":67},[57,13135,13136],{"class":63}," student",[57,13138,620],{"class":71},[57,13140,13141],{"class":113},"copy",[57,13143,8870],{"class":71},[57,13145,13146],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,13147,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,13149,13150,13152,13154,13157],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,13151,102],{"class":101},[57,13153,105],{"class":71},[57,13155,13156],{"class":113},"student_copy",[57,13158,316],{"class":71},[57,13160,13161,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,13162,102],{"class":101},[57,13164,105],{"class":71},[57,13166,13131],{"class":113},[57,13168,1481],{"class":1962},[57,13170,13136],{"class":113},[57,13172,316],{"class":71},[20,13174,13175],{},[1399,13176,216],{},[48,13178,13180],{"className":50,"code":13179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13181,13182,13214],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13183,13184,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13210,13212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13185,9505],{"class":71},[57,13187,3543],{"class":169},[57,13189,7898],{"class":173},[57,13191,3543],{"class":169},[57,13193,270],{"class":71},[57,13195,3538],{"class":169},[57,13197,13110],{"class":173},[57,13199,3543],{"class":169},[57,13201,79],{"class":71},[57,13203,3538],{"class":169},[57,13205,9526],{"class":173},[57,13207,3543],{"class":169},[57,13209,270],{"class":71},[57,13211,1617],{"class":75},[57,13213,9536],{"class":71},[57,13215,13216],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,13217,4275],{"class":1523},[20,13219,1806,13220,13222],{},[15,13221,13006],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[43,13224,13226,13227,13229],{"id":13225},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13228,13006],{}," method does",[30,13231,13232,13237,13240,13245],{},[33,13233,13234,13236],{},[15,13235,12663],{}," returns a new dictionary",[33,13238,13239],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[33,13241,13242,13243],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13244,13006],{},[33,13246,13247],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13249,13250,13251,3122,13254,620],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[614,13252,9383],{"href":13253},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[614,13255,9619],{"href":13256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[43,13258,294],{"id":293},[48,13260,13262],{"className":50,"code":13261,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13263,13264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13265,13266,13269,13271,13274,13276,13278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13267,13268],{"class":63},"new_dict ",[57,13270,68],{"class":67},[57,13272,13273],{"class":63}," old_dict",[57,13275,620],{"class":71},[57,13277,13141],{"class":113},[57,13279,8870],{"class":71},[20,13281,13282],{},"Key points:",[30,13284,13285,13289,13292],{},[33,13286,13287,11693],{},[15,13288,13006],{},[33,13290,13291],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[33,13293,13294],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13296,864],{},[48,13298,13300],{"className":50,"code":13299,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13301,13302,13345,13361,13365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13303,13304,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13341,13343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13305,13306],{"class":63},"colors ",[57,13308,68],{"class":67},[57,13310,10718],{"class":71},[57,13312,170],{"class":169},[57,13314,614],{"class":173},[57,13316,170],{"class":169},[57,13318,270],{"class":71},[57,13320,181],{"class":169},[57,13322,13323],{"class":173},"red",[57,13325,170],{"class":169},[57,13327,79],{"class":71},[57,13329,181],{"class":169},[57,13331,4993],{"class":173},[57,13333,170],{"class":169},[57,13335,270],{"class":71},[57,13337,181],{"class":169},[57,13339,13340],{"class":173},"blue",[57,13342,170],{"class":169},[57,13344,9536],{"class":71},[57,13346,13347,13350,13352,13355,13357,13359],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,13348,13349],{"class":63},"new_colors ",[57,13351,68],{"class":67},[57,13353,13354],{"class":63}," colors",[57,13356,620],{"class":71},[57,13358,13141],{"class":113},[57,13360,8870],{"class":71},[57,13362,13363],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,13364,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,13366,13367,13369,13371,13374],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,13368,102],{"class":101},[57,13370,105],{"class":71},[57,13372,13373],{"class":113},"new_colors",[57,13375,316],{"class":71},[20,13377,13378],{},[1399,13379,216],{},[48,13381,13383],{"className":50,"code":13382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13384,13385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13386,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13388,9505],{"class":71},[57,13390,3543],{"class":169},[57,13392,614],{"class":173},[57,13394,3543],{"class":169},[57,13396,270],{"class":71},[57,13398,3538],{"class":169},[57,13400,13323],{"class":173},[57,13402,3543],{"class":169},[57,13404,79],{"class":71},[57,13406,3538],{"class":169},[57,13408,4993],{"class":173},[57,13410,3543],{"class":169},[57,13412,270],{"class":71},[57,13414,3538],{"class":169},[57,13416,13340],{"class":173},[57,13418,3543],{"class":169},[57,13420,9536],{"class":71},[43,13422,11703],{"id":11702},[20,13424,13425],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[48,13427,13429],{"className":50,"code":13428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13430,13431,13469,13485,13489,13511,13515,13534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13432,13433,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465,13467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13434,13435],{"class":63},"person ",[57,13437,68],{"class":67},[57,13439,10718],{"class":71},[57,13441,170],{"class":169},[57,13443,7898],{"class":173},[57,13445,170],{"class":169},[57,13447,270],{"class":71},[57,13449,181],{"class":169},[57,13451,13452],{"class":173},"Liam",[57,13454,170],{"class":169},[57,13456,79],{"class":71},[57,13458,181],{"class":169},[57,13460,9526],{"class":173},[57,13462,170],{"class":169},[57,13464,270],{"class":71},[57,13466,9533],{"class":75},[57,13468,9536],{"class":71},[57,13470,13471,13474,13476,13479,13481,13483],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,13472,13473],{"class":63},"person_copy ",[57,13475,68],{"class":67},[57,13477,13478],{"class":63}," person",[57,13480,620],{"class":71},[57,13482,13141],{"class":113},[57,13484,8870],{"class":71},[57,13486,13487],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,13488,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,13490,13491,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13505,13508],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,13492,13493],{"class":63},"person_copy",[57,13495,1785],{"class":71},[57,13497,170],{"class":169},[57,13499,9526],{"class":173},[57,13501,170],{"class":169},[57,13503,13504],{"class":71},"]",[57,13506,13507],{"class":67}," =",[57,13509,13510],{"class":75}," 26\n",[57,13512,13513],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,13514,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,13516,13517,13519,13521,13523,13526,13528,13530,13532],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,13518,102],{"class":101},[57,13520,105],{"class":71},[57,13522,170],{"class":169},[57,13524,13525],{"class":173},"Original:",[57,13527,170],{"class":169},[57,13529,79],{"class":71},[57,13531,13478],{"class":113},[57,13533,316],{"class":71},[57,13535,13536,13538,13540,13542,13545,13547,13549,13552],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,13537,102],{"class":101},[57,13539,105],{"class":71},[57,13541,170],{"class":169},[57,13543,13544],{"class":173},"Copy:",[57,13546,170],{"class":169},[57,13548,79],{"class":71},[57,13550,13551],{"class":113}," person_copy",[57,13553,316],{"class":71},[20,13555,13556],{},[1399,13557,216],{},[48,13559,13561],{"className":50,"code":13560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13562,13563,13600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13564,13565,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13566,13567],{"class":63},"Original",[57,13569,270],{"class":71},[57,13571,10718],{"class":71},[57,13573,3543],{"class":169},[57,13575,7898],{"class":173},[57,13577,3543],{"class":169},[57,13579,270],{"class":71},[57,13581,3538],{"class":169},[57,13583,13452],{"class":173},[57,13585,3543],{"class":169},[57,13587,79],{"class":71},[57,13589,3538],{"class":169},[57,13591,9526],{"class":173},[57,13593,3543],{"class":169},[57,13595,270],{"class":71},[57,13597,9533],{"class":75},[57,13599,9536],{"class":71},[57,13601,13602,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625,13627,13629,13631,13633,13636],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,13603,13604],{"class":63},"Copy",[57,13606,270],{"class":71},[57,13608,10718],{"class":71},[57,13610,3543],{"class":169},[57,13612,7898],{"class":173},[57,13614,3543],{"class":169},[57,13616,270],{"class":71},[57,13618,3538],{"class":169},[57,13620,13452],{"class":173},[57,13622,3543],{"class":169},[57,13624,79],{"class":71},[57,13626,3538],{"class":169},[57,13628,9526],{"class":173},[57,13630,3543],{"class":169},[57,13632,270],{"class":71},[57,13634,13635],{"class":75}," 26",[57,13637,9536],{"class":71},[20,13639,13640],{},"What happened here:",[30,13642,13643,13649,13656],{},[33,13644,13645,13648],{},[15,13646,13647],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[33,13650,13651,13652,13655],{},"Changing ",[15,13653,13654],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[33,13657,13658],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13660,13661],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[43,13663,13665],{"id":13664},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13667,13668,13077,13670,620],{},[15,13669,13006],{},[1399,13671,13080],{},[20,13673,2360],{},[30,13675,13676,13679,13682],{},[33,13677,13678],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[33,13680,13681],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[33,13683,13684],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13686,864],{},[48,13688,13690],{"className":50,"code":13689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13691,13692,13700,13718,13740,13744,13748,13762,13766,13791,13795,13813,13832,13847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13693,13694,13696,13698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13695,13093],{"class":63},[57,13697,68],{"class":67},[57,13699,11721],{"class":71},[57,13701,13702,13704,13706,13708,13710,13712,13714,13716],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,13703,11726],{"class":169},[57,13705,7898],{"class":173},[57,13707,170],{"class":169},[57,13709,270],{"class":71},[57,13711,181],{"class":169},[57,13713,13110],{"class":173},[57,13715,170],{"class":169},[57,13717,11742],{"class":71},[57,13719,13720,13722,13725,13727,13729,13731,13734,13736,13738],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,13721,11726],{"class":169},[57,13723,13724],{"class":173},"grades",[57,13726,170],{"class":169},[57,13728,270],{"class":71},[57,13730,72],{"class":71},[57,13732,13733],{"class":75},"90",[57,13735,79],{"class":71},[57,13737,476],{"class":75},[57,13739,95],{"class":71},[57,13741,13742],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,13743,9536],{"class":71},[57,13745,13746],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,13747,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,13749,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,13751,13131],{"class":63},[57,13753,68],{"class":67},[57,13755,13136],{"class":63},[57,13757,620],{"class":71},[57,13759,13141],{"class":113},[57,13761,8870],{"class":71},[57,13763,13764],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,13765,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,13767,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13781,13784,13786,13789],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,13769,13156],{"class":63},[57,13771,1785],{"class":71},[57,13773,170],{"class":169},[57,13775,13724],{"class":173},[57,13777,170],{"class":169},[57,13779,13780],{"class":71},"].",[57,13782,13783],{"class":113},"append",[57,13785,105],{"class":71},[57,13787,13788],{"class":75},"100",[57,13790,316],{"class":71},[57,13792,13793],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,13794,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,13796,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811],{"class":59,"line":6666},[57,13798,102],{"class":101},[57,13800,105],{"class":71},[57,13802,170],{"class":169},[57,13804,13525],{"class":173},[57,13806,170],{"class":169},[57,13808,79],{"class":71},[57,13810,13136],{"class":113},[57,13812,316],{"class":71},[57,13814,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13830],{"class":59,"line":11823},[57,13816,102],{"class":101},[57,13818,105],{"class":71},[57,13820,170],{"class":169},[57,13822,13544],{"class":173},[57,13824,170],{"class":169},[57,13826,79],{"class":71},[57,13828,13829],{"class":113}," student_copy",[57,13831,316],{"class":71},[57,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845],{"class":59,"line":13834},12,[57,13836,102],{"class":101},[57,13838,105],{"class":71},[57,13840,13093],{"class":113},[57,13842,1481],{"class":1962},[57,13844,13829],{"class":113},[57,13846,316],{"class":71},[57,13848,13850,13852,13854,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879],{"class":59,"line":13849},13,[57,13851,102],{"class":101},[57,13853,105],{"class":71},[57,13855,13856],{"class":113},"student",[57,13858,1785],{"class":71},[57,13860,170],{"class":169},[57,13862,13724],{"class":173},[57,13864,170],{"class":169},[57,13866,13504],{"class":71},[57,13868,8324],{"class":1962},[57,13870,13829],{"class":113},[57,13872,1785],{"class":71},[57,13874,170],{"class":169},[57,13876,13724],{"class":173},[57,13878,170],{"class":169},[57,13880,1975],{"class":71},[20,13882,13883],{},[1399,13884,216],{},[48,13886,13888],{"className":50,"code":13887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13889,13890,13937,13983,13987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,13891,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918,13920,13922,13924,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,13893,13567],{"class":63},[57,13895,270],{"class":71},[57,13897,10718],{"class":71},[57,13899,3543],{"class":169},[57,13901,7898],{"class":173},[57,13903,3543],{"class":169},[57,13905,270],{"class":71},[57,13907,3538],{"class":169},[57,13909,13110],{"class":173},[57,13911,3543],{"class":169},[57,13913,79],{"class":71},[57,13915,3538],{"class":169},[57,13917,13724],{"class":173},[57,13919,3543],{"class":169},[57,13921,270],{"class":71},[57,13923,72],{"class":71},[57,13925,13733],{"class":75},[57,13927,79],{"class":71},[57,13929,476],{"class":75},[57,13931,79],{"class":71},[57,13933,10345],{"class":75},[57,13935,13936],{"class":71},"]}\n",[57,13938,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953,13955,13957,13959,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,13940,13604],{"class":63},[57,13942,270],{"class":71},[57,13944,10718],{"class":71},[57,13946,3543],{"class":169},[57,13948,7898],{"class":173},[57,13950,3543],{"class":169},[57,13952,270],{"class":71},[57,13954,3538],{"class":169},[57,13956,13110],{"class":173},[57,13958,3543],{"class":169},[57,13960,79],{"class":71},[57,13962,3538],{"class":169},[57,13964,13724],{"class":173},[57,13966,3543],{"class":169},[57,13968,270],{"class":71},[57,13970,72],{"class":71},[57,13972,13733],{"class":75},[57,13974,79],{"class":71},[57,13976,476],{"class":75},[57,13978,79],{"class":71},[57,13980,10345],{"class":75},[57,13982,13936],{"class":71},[57,13984,13985],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,13986,4275],{"class":1523},[57,13988,13989],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,13990,4214],{"class":1523},[20,13992,13993],{},"Notice the difference:",[30,13995,13996,14004],{},[33,13997,13998,5016,14001,14003],{},[15,13999,14000],{},"student is student_copy",[15,14002,3914],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[33,14005,14006,5016,14009,14011],{},[15,14007,14008],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,14010,3845],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,14013,14014],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,14016,14017,14018,620],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[614,14019,14021],{"href":14020},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[43,14023,5194,14025],{"id":14024},"when-to-use-copy",[15,14026,13006],{},[20,14028,1806,14029,10828],{},[15,14030,13006],{},[30,14032,14033,14036,14039,14042],{},[33,14034,14035],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[33,14037,14038],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[33,14040,14041],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[33,14043,14044],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,14046,864],{},[48,14048,14050],{"className":50,"code":14049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,14051,14052,14091,14107,14111,14131,14135,14154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14053,14054,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14082,14084,14086,14089],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14055,14056],{"class":63},"settings ",[57,14058,68],{"class":67},[57,14060,10718],{"class":71},[57,14062,170],{"class":169},[57,14064,12723],{"class":173},[57,14066,170],{"class":169},[57,14068,270],{"class":71},[57,14070,181],{"class":169},[57,14072,12732],{"class":173},[57,14074,170],{"class":169},[57,14076,79],{"class":71},[57,14078,181],{"class":169},[57,14080,14081],{"class":173},"font_size",[57,14083,170],{"class":169},[57,14085,270],{"class":71},[57,14087,14088],{"class":75}," 14",[57,14090,9536],{"class":71},[57,14092,14093,14096,14098,14101,14103,14105],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14094,14095],{"class":63},"settings_backup ",[57,14097,68],{"class":67},[57,14099,14100],{"class":63}," settings",[57,14102,620],{"class":71},[57,14104,13141],{"class":113},[57,14106,8870],{"class":71},[57,14108,14109],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,14110,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14112,14113,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,14114,14115],{"class":63},"settings",[57,14117,1785],{"class":71},[57,14119,170],{"class":169},[57,14121,14081],{"class":173},[57,14123,170],{"class":169},[57,14125,13504],{"class":71},[57,14127,13507],{"class":67},[57,14129,14130],{"class":75}," 16\n",[57,14132,14133],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,14134,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14136,14137,14139,14141,14143,14146,14148,14150,14152],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,14138,102],{"class":101},[57,14140,105],{"class":71},[57,14142,170],{"class":169},[57,14144,14145],{"class":173},"Current:",[57,14147,170],{"class":169},[57,14149,79],{"class":71},[57,14151,14100],{"class":113},[57,14153,316],{"class":71},[57,14155,14156,14158,14160,14162,14165,14167,14169,14172],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,14157,102],{"class":101},[57,14159,105],{"class":71},[57,14161,170],{"class":169},[57,14163,14164],{"class":173},"Backup:",[57,14166,170],{"class":169},[57,14168,79],{"class":71},[57,14170,14171],{"class":113}," settings_backup",[57,14173,316],{"class":71},[20,14175,14176],{},[1399,14177,216],{},[48,14179,14181],{"className":50,"code":14180,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14182,14183,14221],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14184,14185,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14219],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14186,14187],{"class":63},"Current",[57,14189,270],{"class":71},[57,14191,10718],{"class":71},[57,14193,3543],{"class":169},[57,14195,12723],{"class":173},[57,14197,3543],{"class":169},[57,14199,270],{"class":71},[57,14201,3538],{"class":169},[57,14203,12732],{"class":173},[57,14205,3543],{"class":169},[57,14207,79],{"class":71},[57,14209,3538],{"class":169},[57,14211,14081],{"class":173},[57,14213,3543],{"class":169},[57,14215,270],{"class":71},[57,14217,14218],{"class":75}," 16",[57,14220,9536],{"class":71},[57,14222,14223,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14224,14225],{"class":63},"Backup",[57,14227,270],{"class":71},[57,14229,10718],{"class":71},[57,14231,3543],{"class":169},[57,14233,12723],{"class":173},[57,14235,3543],{"class":169},[57,14237,270],{"class":71},[57,14239,3538],{"class":169},[57,14241,12732],{"class":173},[57,14243,3543],{"class":169},[57,14245,79],{"class":71},[57,14247,3538],{"class":169},[57,14249,14081],{"class":173},[57,14251,3543],{"class":169},[57,14253,270],{"class":71},[57,14255,14088],{"class":75},[57,14257,9536],{"class":71},[20,14259,14260,14261,3122,14267,620],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[614,14262,14264],{"href":14263},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14265,14266],{},"dict.update()",[614,14268,14269],{"href":13053},[15,14270,11554],{},[43,14272,14274,14276],{"id":14273},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14275,13006],{}," vs assignment",[20,14278,14279],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14281,443,14282,14284,14285,14287],{},[15,14283,68],{}," does ",[1399,14286,1401],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[943,14289,14291],{"id":14290},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[48,14293,14295],{"className":50,"code":14294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14296,14297,14329,14338,14342,14362,14366,14384,14404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14298,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323,14325,14327],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14300,12315],{"class":63},[57,14302,68],{"class":67},[57,14304,10718],{"class":71},[57,14306,170],{"class":169},[57,14308,1956],{"class":173},[57,14310,170],{"class":169},[57,14312,270],{"class":71},[57,14314,5729],{"class":75},[57,14316,79],{"class":71},[57,14318,181],{"class":169},[57,14320,11974],{"class":173},[57,14322,170],{"class":169},[57,14324,270],{"class":71},[57,14326,87],{"class":75},[57,14328,9536],{"class":71},[57,14330,14331,14334,14336],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14332,14333],{"class":63},"assigned ",[57,14335,68],{"class":67},[57,14337,12353],{"class":63},[57,14339,14340],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,14341,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14343,14344,14347,14349,14351,14353,14355,14357,14359],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,14345,14346],{"class":63},"assigned",[57,14348,1785],{"class":71},[57,14350,170],{"class":169},[57,14352,1956],{"class":173},[57,14354,170],{"class":169},[57,14356,13504],{"class":71},[57,14358,13507],{"class":67},[57,14360,14361],{"class":75}," 99\n",[57,14363,14364],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,14365,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14367,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,14369,102],{"class":101},[57,14371,105],{"class":71},[57,14373,170],{"class":169},[57,14375,13525],{"class":173},[57,14377,170],{"class":169},[57,14379,79],{"class":71},[57,14381,12390],{"class":113},[57,14383,316],{"class":71},[57,14385,14386,14388,14390,14392,14395,14397,14399,14402],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,14387,102],{"class":101},[57,14389,105],{"class":71},[57,14391,170],{"class":169},[57,14393,14394],{"class":173},"Assigned:",[57,14396,170],{"class":169},[57,14398,79],{"class":71},[57,14400,14401],{"class":113}," assigned",[57,14403,316],{"class":71},[57,14405,14406,14408,14410,14412,14414,14416],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,14407,102],{"class":101},[57,14409,105],{"class":71},[57,14411,12315],{"class":113},[57,14413,1481],{"class":1962},[57,14415,14401],{"class":113},[57,14417,316],{"class":71},[20,14419,14420],{},[1399,14421,216],{},[48,14423,14425],{"className":50,"code":14424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14426,14427,14459,14492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14428,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14430,13567],{"class":63},[57,14432,270],{"class":71},[57,14434,10718],{"class":71},[57,14436,3543],{"class":169},[57,14438,1956],{"class":173},[57,14440,3543],{"class":169},[57,14442,270],{"class":71},[57,14444,10424],{"class":75},[57,14446,79],{"class":71},[57,14448,3538],{"class":169},[57,14450,11974],{"class":173},[57,14452,3543],{"class":169},[57,14454,270],{"class":71},[57,14456,87],{"class":75},[57,14458,9536],{"class":71},[57,14460,14461,14464,14466,14468,14470,14472,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14462,14463],{"class":63},"Assigned",[57,14465,270],{"class":71},[57,14467,10718],{"class":71},[57,14469,3543],{"class":169},[57,14471,1956],{"class":173},[57,14473,3543],{"class":169},[57,14475,270],{"class":71},[57,14477,10424],{"class":75},[57,14479,79],{"class":71},[57,14481,3538],{"class":169},[57,14483,11974],{"class":173},[57,14485,3543],{"class":169},[57,14487,270],{"class":71},[57,14489,87],{"class":75},[57,14491,9536],{"class":71},[57,14493,14494],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,14495,4214],{"class":1523},[943,14497,443,14499],{"id":14498},"using-copy",[15,14500,13006],{},[48,14502,14504],{"className":50,"code":14503,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14505,14506,14538,14553,14557,14576,14580,14598,14618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14507,14508,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522,14524,14526,14528,14530,14532,14534,14536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14509,12315],{"class":63},[57,14511,68],{"class":67},[57,14513,10718],{"class":71},[57,14515,170],{"class":169},[57,14517,1956],{"class":173},[57,14519,170],{"class":169},[57,14521,270],{"class":71},[57,14523,5729],{"class":75},[57,14525,79],{"class":71},[57,14527,181],{"class":169},[57,14529,11974],{"class":173},[57,14531,170],{"class":169},[57,14533,270],{"class":71},[57,14535,87],{"class":75},[57,14537,9536],{"class":71},[57,14539,14540,14543,14545,14547,14549,14551],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14541,14542],{"class":63},"copied ",[57,14544,68],{"class":67},[57,14546,12390],{"class":63},[57,14548,620],{"class":71},[57,14550,13141],{"class":113},[57,14552,8870],{"class":71},[57,14554,14555],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,14556,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14558,14559,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,14560,14561],{"class":63},"copied",[57,14563,1785],{"class":71},[57,14565,170],{"class":169},[57,14567,1956],{"class":173},[57,14569,170],{"class":169},[57,14571,13504],{"class":71},[57,14573,13507],{"class":67},[57,14575,14361],{"class":75},[57,14577,14578],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,14579,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14581,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,14583,102],{"class":101},[57,14585,105],{"class":71},[57,14587,170],{"class":169},[57,14589,13525],{"class":173},[57,14591,170],{"class":169},[57,14593,79],{"class":71},[57,14595,12390],{"class":113},[57,14597,316],{"class":71},[57,14599,14600,14602,14604,14606,14609,14611,14613,14616],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,14601,102],{"class":101},[57,14603,105],{"class":71},[57,14605,170],{"class":169},[57,14607,14608],{"class":173},"Copied:",[57,14610,170],{"class":169},[57,14612,79],{"class":71},[57,14614,14615],{"class":113}," copied",[57,14617,316],{"class":71},[57,14619,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,14621,102],{"class":101},[57,14623,105],{"class":71},[57,14625,12315],{"class":113},[57,14627,1481],{"class":1962},[57,14629,14615],{"class":113},[57,14631,316],{"class":71},[20,14633,14634],{},[1399,14635,216],{},[48,14637,14639],{"className":50,"code":14638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14640,14641,14673,14706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14642,14643,14645,14647,14649,14651,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667,14669,14671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14644,13567],{"class":63},[57,14646,270],{"class":71},[57,14648,10718],{"class":71},[57,14650,3543],{"class":169},[57,14652,1956],{"class":173},[57,14654,3543],{"class":169},[57,14656,270],{"class":71},[57,14658,5729],{"class":75},[57,14660,79],{"class":71},[57,14662,3538],{"class":169},[57,14664,11974],{"class":173},[57,14666,3543],{"class":169},[57,14668,270],{"class":71},[57,14670,87],{"class":75},[57,14672,9536],{"class":71},[57,14674,14675,14678,14680,14682,14684,14686,14688,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698,14700,14702,14704],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14676,14677],{"class":63},"Copied",[57,14679,270],{"class":71},[57,14681,10718],{"class":71},[57,14683,3543],{"class":169},[57,14685,1956],{"class":173},[57,14687,3543],{"class":169},[57,14689,270],{"class":71},[57,14691,10424],{"class":75},[57,14693,79],{"class":71},[57,14695,3538],{"class":169},[57,14697,11974],{"class":173},[57,14699,3543],{"class":169},[57,14701,270],{"class":71},[57,14703,87],{"class":75},[57,14705,9536],{"class":71},[57,14707,14708],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,14709,4275],{"class":1523},[20,14711,14712],{},"Summary:",[30,14714,14715,14721],{},[33,14716,14717,14720],{},[15,14718,14719],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[33,14722,14723,14726],{},[15,14724,14725],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[43,14728,14730],{"id":14729},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14732,14733,270],{},[15,14734,13006],{},[30,14736,14737,14740,14743,14746],{},[33,14738,14739],{},"Returns a dictionary",[33,14741,14742],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[33,14744,14745],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[33,14747,14748],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14750,864],{},[48,14752,14754],{"className":50,"code":14753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14755,14756,14788,14804,14808,14826,14846,14850,14868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14757,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14759,9393],{"class":63},[57,14761,68],{"class":67},[57,14763,10718],{"class":71},[57,14765,170],{"class":169},[57,14767,614],{"class":173},[57,14769,170],{"class":169},[57,14771,270],{"class":71},[57,14773,5729],{"class":75},[57,14775,79],{"class":71},[57,14777,181],{"class":169},[57,14779,4993],{"class":173},[57,14781,170],{"class":169},[57,14783,270],{"class":71},[57,14785,87],{"class":75},[57,14787,9536],{"class":71},[57,14789,14790,14793,14795,14798,14800,14802],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14791,14792],{"class":63},"data_copy ",[57,14794,68],{"class":67},[57,14796,14797],{"class":63}," data",[57,14799,620],{"class":71},[57,14801,13141],{"class":113},[57,14803,8870],{"class":71},[57,14805,14806],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,14807,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14809,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14820,14822,14824],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,14811,9431],{"class":63},[57,14813,1785],{"class":71},[57,14815,170],{"class":169},[57,14817,614],{"class":173},[57,14819,170],{"class":169},[57,14821,13504],{"class":71},[57,14823,13507],{"class":67},[57,14825,2832],{"class":75},[57,14827,14828,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,14829,14830],{"class":63},"data_copy",[57,14832,1785],{"class":71},[57,14834,170],{"class":169},[57,14836,4993],{"class":173},[57,14838,170],{"class":169},[57,14840,13504],{"class":71},[57,14842,13507],{"class":67},[57,14844,14845],{"class":75}," 20\n",[57,14847,14848],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,14849,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,14851,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862,14864,14866],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,14853,102],{"class":101},[57,14855,105],{"class":71},[57,14857,170],{"class":169},[57,14859,13525],{"class":173},[57,14861,170],{"class":169},[57,14863,79],{"class":71},[57,14865,14797],{"class":113},[57,14867,316],{"class":71},[57,14869,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14885],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,14871,102],{"class":101},[57,14873,105],{"class":71},[57,14875,170],{"class":169},[57,14877,13544],{"class":173},[57,14879,170],{"class":169},[57,14881,79],{"class":71},[57,14883,14884],{"class":113}," data_copy",[57,14886,316],{"class":71},[20,14888,14889],{},[1399,14890,216],{},[48,14892,14894],{"className":50,"code":14893,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14895,14896,14928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14897,14898,14900,14902,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,14899,13567],{"class":63},[57,14901,270],{"class":71},[57,14903,10718],{"class":71},[57,14905,3543],{"class":169},[57,14907,614],{"class":173},[57,14909,3543],{"class":169},[57,14911,270],{"class":71},[57,14913,6234],{"class":75},[57,14915,79],{"class":71},[57,14917,3538],{"class":169},[57,14919,4993],{"class":173},[57,14921,3543],{"class":169},[57,14923,270],{"class":71},[57,14925,87],{"class":75},[57,14927,9536],{"class":71},[57,14929,14930,14932,14934,14936,14938,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954,14956,14958],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,14931,13604],{"class":63},[57,14933,270],{"class":71},[57,14935,10718],{"class":71},[57,14937,3543],{"class":169},[57,14939,614],{"class":173},[57,14941,3543],{"class":169},[57,14943,270],{"class":71},[57,14945,5729],{"class":75},[57,14947,79],{"class":71},[57,14949,3538],{"class":169},[57,14951,4993],{"class":173},[57,14953,3543],{"class":169},[57,14955,270],{"class":71},[57,14957,1617],{"class":75},[57,14959,9536],{"class":71},[43,14961,1829],{"id":1828},[20,14963,14964,14965,270],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14966,12663],{},[30,14968,14969,14976,14981,14986],{},[33,14970,443,14971,11320,14973,14975],{},[15,14972,68],{},[15,14974,13006],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[33,14977,4812,14978,14980],{},[15,14979,13006],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[33,14982,14983,14984],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14985,13006],{},[33,14987,14988],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14990,14991],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[48,14993,14995],{"className":50,"code":14994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14996,14997,15007,15017,15031,15054,15076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,14998,14999,15001,15003,15005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15000,102],{"class":101},[57,15002,105],{"class":71},[57,15004,12362],{"class":113},[57,15006,316],{"class":71},[57,15008,15009,15011,15013,15015],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15010,102],{"class":101},[57,15012,105],{"class":71},[57,15014,14561],{"class":113},[57,15016,316],{"class":71},[57,15018,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027,15029],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,15020,102],{"class":101},[57,15022,105],{"class":71},[57,15024,12315],{"class":113},[57,15026,1481],{"class":1962},[57,15028,14615],{"class":113},[57,15030,316],{"class":71},[57,15032,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15048,15050,15052],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,15034,102],{"class":101},[57,15036,105],{"class":71},[57,15038,12878],{"class":101},[57,15040,105],{"class":71},[57,15042,12362],{"class":113},[57,15044,9460],{"class":71},[57,15046,15047],{"class":101}," id",[57,15049,105],{"class":71},[57,15051,14561],{"class":113},[57,15053,117],{"class":71},[57,15055,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064,15066,15068,15070,15072,15074],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,15057,102],{"class":101},[57,15059,105],{"class":71},[57,15061,12878],{"class":101},[57,15063,105],{"class":71},[57,15065,12362],{"class":113},[57,15067,1785],{"class":71},[57,15069,170],{"class":169},[57,15071,432],{"class":173},[57,15073,170],{"class":169},[57,15075,3242],{"class":71},[57,15077,15078,15080,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,15079,102],{"class":101},[57,15081,105],{"class":71},[57,15083,12878],{"class":101},[57,15085,105],{"class":71},[57,15087,14561],{"class":113},[57,15089,1785],{"class":71},[57,15091,170],{"class":169},[57,15093,432],{"class":173},[57,15095,170],{"class":169},[57,15097,3242],{"class":71},[20,15099,15100],{},"What these help you check:",[30,15102,15103,15106,15109],{},[33,15104,15105],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[33,15107,15108],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[33,15110,15111],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15113,15114,15115,620],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[614,15116,15118],{"href":15117},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[43,15120,2011],{"id":2010},[943,15122,12933,15124,15126],{"id":15123},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15125,12663],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15128,15129],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[943,15131,15133,15134,15136],{"id":15132},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15135,12663],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15138,15139],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[943,15141,2119,15143,1242,15145,2053],{"id":15142},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15144,13006],{},[15,15146,68],{},[20,15148,15149,15151,15152,15154],{},[15,15150,13006],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15153,68],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[943,15156,15158],{"id":15157},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15160,15161],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[43,15163,2135],{"id":2134},[30,15165,15166,15170,15174,15178,15185,15191],{},[33,15167,15168],{},[614,15169,11469],{"href":13256},[33,15171,15172],{},[614,15173,9383],{"href":13253},[33,15175,15176],{},[614,15177,14021],{"href":14020},[33,15179,15180],{},[614,15181,10964,15182,10968],{"href":14263},[15,15183,15184],{},"update()",[33,15186,15187],{},[614,15188,10964,15189,10968],{"href":13053},[15,15190,11548],{},[33,15192,15193],{},[614,15194,15195],{"href":15117},"How to copy a list in Python",[2172,15197,15198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":15200},[15201,15202,15204,15205,15206,15207,15209,15215,15216,15217,15226],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":13225,"depth":98,"text":15203},"What the copy() method does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":13664,"depth":98,"text":13665},{"id":14024,"depth":98,"text":15208},"When to use copy()",{"id":14273,"depth":98,"text":15210,"children":15211},"copy() vs assignment",[15212,15213],{"id":14290,"depth":120,"text":14291},{"id":14498,"depth":120,"text":15214},"Using copy()",{"id":14729,"depth":98,"text":14730},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":15218},[15219,15221,15223,15225],{"id":15123,"depth":120,"text":15220},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15132,"depth":120,"text":15222},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15142,"depth":120,"text":15224},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15157,"depth":120,"text":15158},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":13059,"description":15227},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15234,"title":15235,"body":15236,"description":17433,"extension":2219,"meta":17434,"navigation":123,"path":13256,"seo":17435,"stem":17436,"__hash__":17437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15237,"toc":17395},[15238,15241,15247,15256,15258,15334,15338,15387,15390,15394,15408,15411,15415,15428,15431,15464,15478,15481,15493,15497,15500,15508,15588,15592,15645,15649,15667,15669,15751,15754,15756,15759,15762,15785,15809,15813,15821,15824,15828,15837,15842,15900,15904,15937,15943,15949,15952,16006,16010,16060,16063,16069,16072,16080,16082,16127,16132,16141,16144,16147,16194,16196,16201,16204,16298,16302,16355,16358,16414,16417,16421,16424,16438,16442,16508,16512,16537,16540,16544,16621,16625,16628,16631,16651,16654,16707,16711,16714,16717,16730,16732,16821,16828,16831,16842,16844,16847,16867,16871,16874,16883,16886,16925,16929,16931,16940,16949,16951,16989,16993,17040,17044,17065,17069,17072,17184,17189,17287,17309,17311,17315,17322,17326,17332,17336,17339,17343,17346,17353,17361,17363,17389,17392],[10,15239,15235],{"id":15240},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15242,15243,15244,15246],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[1399,15245,9359],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15248,15249,15250,3122,15252,620],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[614,15251,9383],{"href":9382},[614,15253,15255],{"href":15254},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[43,15257,46],{"id":45},[48,15259,15261],{"className":50,"code":15260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15262,15263,15271,15289,15303,15316,15320,15324],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15264,15265,15267,15269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15266,13093],{"class":63},[57,15268,68],{"class":67},[57,15270,11721],{"class":71},[57,15272,15273,15275,15277,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15274,11726],{"class":169},[57,15276,7898],{"class":173},[57,15278,170],{"class":169},[57,15280,270],{"class":71},[57,15282,181],{"class":169},[57,15284,13110],{"class":173},[57,15286,170],{"class":169},[57,15288,11742],{"class":71},[57,15290,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,15292,11726],{"class":169},[57,15294,9526],{"class":173},[57,15296,170],{"class":169},[57,15298,270],{"class":71},[57,15300,1617],{"class":75},[57,15302,11742],{"class":71},[57,15304,15305,15307,15310,15312,15314],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,15306,11726],{"class":169},[57,15308,15309],{"class":173},"is_active",[57,15311,170],{"class":169},[57,15313,270],{"class":71},[57,15315,6652],{"class":1523},[57,15317,15318],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,15319,9536],{"class":71},[57,15321,15322],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,15323,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,15325,15326,15328,15330,15332],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,15327,102],{"class":101},[57,15329,105],{"class":71},[57,15331,13856],{"class":113},[57,15333,316],{"class":71},[20,15335,15336],{},[1399,15337,216],{},[48,15339,15341],{"className":50,"code":15340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15342,15343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15344,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15346,9505],{"class":71},[57,15348,3543],{"class":169},[57,15350,7898],{"class":173},[57,15352,3543],{"class":169},[57,15354,270],{"class":71},[57,15356,3538],{"class":169},[57,15358,13110],{"class":173},[57,15360,3543],{"class":169},[57,15362,79],{"class":71},[57,15364,3538],{"class":169},[57,15366,9526],{"class":173},[57,15368,3543],{"class":169},[57,15370,270],{"class":71},[57,15372,1617],{"class":75},[57,15374,79],{"class":71},[57,15376,3538],{"class":169},[57,15378,15309],{"class":173},[57,15380,3543],{"class":169},[57,15382,270],{"class":71},[57,15384,4150],{"class":1523},[57,15386,9536],{"class":71},[20,15388,15389],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[43,15391,15393],{"id":15392},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[30,15395,15396,15399,15402,15405],{},[33,15397,15398],{},"What a dictionary is",[33,15400,15401],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[33,15403,15404],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[33,15406,15407],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[43,15409,15398],{"id":15410},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15412,9356,15413,620],{},[1399,15414,9359],{},[30,15416,15417,15423],{},[33,15418,15419,15420,15422],{},"A ",[1399,15421,432],{}," is the label",[33,15424,15419,15425,15427],{},[1399,15426,364],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15429,15430],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[48,15432,15434],{"className":50,"code":15433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15435,15436,15444,15460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15437,15438,15440,15442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15439,13093],{"class":63},[57,15441,68],{"class":67},[57,15443,11721],{"class":71},[57,15445,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15447,11726],{"class":169},[57,15449,7898],{"class":173},[57,15451,170],{"class":169},[57,15453,270],{"class":71},[57,15455,181],{"class":169},[57,15457,13110],{"class":173},[57,15459,3602],{"class":169},[57,15461,15462],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,15463,9536],{"class":71},[30,15465,15466,15472],{},[33,15467,15468,15471],{},[15,15469,15470],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[33,15473,15474,15477],{},[15,15475,15476],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15479,15480],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[30,15482,15483,15485,15487,15490],{},[33,15484,7898],{},[33,15486,9526],{},[33,15488,15489],{},"email",[33,15491,15492],{},"country",[43,15494,15496],{"id":15495},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15498,15499],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15501,1806,15502,15504,15505,620],{},[15,15503,4030],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15506,15507],{},"key: value",[48,15509,15511],{"className":50,"code":15510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15512,15513,15521,15539,15553,15570,15574,15578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15514,15515,15517,15519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15516,13093],{"class":63},[57,15518,68],{"class":67},[57,15520,11721],{"class":71},[57,15522,15523,15525,15527,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15524,11726],{"class":169},[57,15526,7898],{"class":173},[57,15528,170],{"class":169},[57,15530,270],{"class":71},[57,15532,181],{"class":169},[57,15534,13110],{"class":173},[57,15536,170],{"class":169},[57,15538,11742],{"class":71},[57,15540,15541,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,15542,11726],{"class":169},[57,15544,9526],{"class":173},[57,15546,170],{"class":169},[57,15548,270],{"class":71},[57,15550,1617],{"class":75},[57,15552,11742],{"class":71},[57,15554,15555,15557,15560,15562,15564,15566,15568],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,15556,11726],{"class":169},[57,15558,15559],{"class":173},"course",[57,15561,170],{"class":169},[57,15563,270],{"class":71},[57,15565,181],{"class":169},[57,15567,7527],{"class":173},[57,15569,3602],{"class":169},[57,15571,15572],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,15573,9536],{"class":71},[57,15575,15576],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,15577,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,15579,15580,15582,15584,15586],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,15581,102],{"class":101},[57,15583,105],{"class":71},[57,15585,13856],{"class":113},[57,15587,316],{"class":71},[20,15589,15590],{},[1399,15591,216],{},[48,15593,15595],{"className":50,"code":15594,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15596,15597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15598,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15643],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15600,9505],{"class":71},[57,15602,3543],{"class":169},[57,15604,7898],{"class":173},[57,15606,3543],{"class":169},[57,15608,270],{"class":71},[57,15610,3538],{"class":169},[57,15612,13110],{"class":173},[57,15614,3543],{"class":169},[57,15616,79],{"class":71},[57,15618,3538],{"class":169},[57,15620,9526],{"class":173},[57,15622,3543],{"class":169},[57,15624,270],{"class":71},[57,15626,1617],{"class":75},[57,15628,79],{"class":71},[57,15630,3538],{"class":169},[57,15632,15559],{"class":173},[57,15634,3543],{"class":169},[57,15636,270],{"class":71},[57,15638,3538],{"class":169},[57,15640,7527],{"class":173},[57,15642,3543],{"class":169},[57,15644,9536],{"class":71},[943,15646,15648],{"id":15647},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[30,15650,15651,15656,15661,15664],{},[33,15652,1806,15653,15655],{},[15,15654,4030],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[33,15657,15658,15659],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15660,15507],{},[33,15662,15663],{},"Separate items with commas",[33,15665,15666],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15668,864],{},[48,15670,15672],{"className":50,"code":15671,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15673,15674,15683,15703,15719,15732,15736,15740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15675,15676,15679,15681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15677,15678],{"class":63},"book ",[57,15680,68],{"class":67},[57,15682,11721],{"class":71},[57,15684,15685,15687,15690,15692,15694,15696,15699,15701],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15686,11726],{"class":169},[57,15688,15689],{"class":173},"title",[57,15691,170],{"class":169},[57,15693,270],{"class":71},[57,15695,181],{"class":169},[57,15697,15698],{"class":173},"Python Basics",[57,15700,170],{"class":169},[57,15702,11742],{"class":71},[57,15704,15705,15707,15710,15712,15714,15717],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,15706,11726],{"class":169},[57,15708,15709],{"class":173},"pages",[57,15711,170],{"class":169},[57,15713,270],{"class":71},[57,15715,15716],{"class":75}," 150",[57,15718,11742],{"class":71},[57,15720,15721,15723,15726,15728,15730],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,15722,11726],{"class":169},[57,15724,15725],{"class":173},"available",[57,15727,170],{"class":169},[57,15729,270],{"class":71},[57,15731,6652],{"class":1523},[57,15733,15734],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,15735,9536],{"class":71},[57,15737,15738],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,15739,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,15741,15742,15744,15746,15749],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,15743,102],{"class":101},[57,15745,105],{"class":71},[57,15747,15748],{"class":113},"book",[57,15750,316],{"class":71},[20,15752,15753],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[43,15755,9630],{"id":9629},[20,15757,15758],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15760,15761],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[48,15763,15765],{"className":50,"code":15764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15766,15767,15775],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15768,15769,15771,15773],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15770,9393],{"class":63},[57,15772,68],{"class":67},[57,15774,10065],{"class":71},[57,15776,15777,15779,15781,15783],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15778,102],{"class":101},[57,15780,105],{"class":71},[57,15782,9431],{"class":113},[57,15784,316],{"class":71},[48,15786,15787],{"className":50,"code":9633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,15788,15789,15799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15790,15791,15793,15795,15797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15792,9393],{"class":63},[57,15794,68],{"class":67},[57,15796,9398],{"class":1102},[57,15798,8870],{"class":71},[57,15800,15801,15803,15805,15807],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15802,102],{"class":101},[57,15804,105],{"class":71},[57,15806,9431],{"class":113},[57,15808,316],{"class":71},[20,15810,15811],{},[1399,15812,216],{},[48,15814,15815],{"className":50,"code":9662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,15816,15817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15818,15819],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15820,9662],{"class":71},[20,15822,15823],{},"Both are correct.",[943,15825,15827],{"id":15826},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15829,15830,15832,15833,15836],{},[15,15831,4030],{}," creates an empty ",[1399,15834,15835],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15838,15839,15840,620],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15841,4035],{},[48,15843,15845],{"className":50,"code":15844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15846,15847,15855,15867,15871,15885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15848,15849,15851,15853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15850,11953],{"class":63},[57,15852,68],{"class":67},[57,15854,10065],{"class":71},[57,15856,15857,15860,15862,15865],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15858,15859],{"class":63},"my_set ",[57,15861,68],{"class":67},[57,15863,15864],{"class":1102}," set",[57,15866,8870],{"class":71},[57,15868,15869],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,15870,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,15872,15873,15875,15877,15879,15881,15883],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,15874,102],{"class":101},[57,15876,105],{"class":71},[57,15878,1886],{"class":1102},[57,15880,105],{"class":71},[57,15882,11677],{"class":113},[57,15884,117],{"class":71},[57,15886,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15898],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,15888,102],{"class":101},[57,15890,105],{"class":71},[57,15892,1886],{"class":1102},[57,15894,105],{"class":71},[57,15896,15897],{"class":113},"my_set",[57,15899,117],{"class":71},[20,15901,15902],{},[1399,15903,216],{},[48,15905,15907],{"className":50,"code":15906,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15908,15909,15923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15910,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15912,3532],{"class":67},[57,15914,3535],{"class":1208},[57,15916,3538],{"class":169},[57,15918,9049],{"class":173},[57,15920,3543],{"class":169},[57,15922,3546],{"class":67},[57,15924,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15926,3532],{"class":67},[57,15928,3535],{"class":1208},[57,15930,3538],{"class":169},[57,15932,6517],{"class":173},[57,15934,3543],{"class":169},[57,15936,3546],{"class":67},[43,15938,15940,15941],{"id":15939},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15942,9348],{},[20,15944,15945,15946,15948],{},"You can also use ",[15,15947,9348],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15950,15951],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[48,15953,15955],{"className":50,"code":15954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15956,15957,15996],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,15958,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15987,15990,15992,15994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,15960,13093],{"class":63},[57,15962,68],{"class":67},[57,15964,9398],{"class":1102},[57,15966,105],{"class":71},[57,15968,7898],{"class":334},[57,15970,68],{"class":67},[57,15972,170],{"class":169},[57,15974,13110],{"class":173},[57,15976,170],{"class":169},[57,15978,79],{"class":71},[57,15980,9415],{"class":334},[57,15982,68],{"class":67},[57,15984,1568],{"class":75},[57,15986,79],{"class":71},[57,15988,15989],{"class":334}," active",[57,15991,68],{"class":67},[57,15993,3845],{"class":1523},[57,15995,316],{"class":71},[57,15997,15998,16000,16002,16004],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,15999,102],{"class":101},[57,16001,105],{"class":71},[57,16003,13856],{"class":113},[57,16005,316],{"class":71},[20,16007,16008],{},[1399,16009,216],{},[48,16011,16013],{"className":50,"code":16012,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,16014,16015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16016,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16052,16054,16056,16058],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16018,9505],{"class":71},[57,16020,3543],{"class":169},[57,16022,7898],{"class":173},[57,16024,3543],{"class":169},[57,16026,270],{"class":71},[57,16028,3538],{"class":169},[57,16030,13110],{"class":173},[57,16032,3543],{"class":169},[57,16034,79],{"class":71},[57,16036,3538],{"class":169},[57,16038,9526],{"class":173},[57,16040,3543],{"class":169},[57,16042,270],{"class":71},[57,16044,1617],{"class":75},[57,16046,79],{"class":71},[57,16048,3538],{"class":169},[57,16050,16051],{"class":173},"active",[57,16053,3543],{"class":169},[57,16055,270],{"class":71},[57,16057,4150],{"class":1523},[57,16059,9536],{"class":71},[20,16061,16062],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[943,16064,16066,16067],{"id":16065},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16068,9348],{},[20,16070,16071],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[30,16073,16074,16077],{},[33,16075,16076],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[33,16078,16079],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16081,6918],{},[48,16083,16085],{"className":50,"code":16084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16086,16087,16117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16088,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16090,11716],{"class":63},[57,16092,68],{"class":67},[57,16094,9398],{"class":1102},[57,16096,105],{"class":71},[57,16098,7898],{"class":334},[57,16100,68],{"class":67},[57,16102,170],{"class":169},[57,16104,7907],{"class":173},[57,16106,170],{"class":169},[57,16108,79],{"class":71},[57,16110,9415],{"class":334},[57,16112,68],{"class":67},[57,16114,9420],{"class":75},[57,16116,316],{"class":71},[57,16118,16119,16121,16123,16125],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16120,102],{"class":101},[57,16122,105],{"class":71},[57,16124,11810],{"class":113},[57,16126,316],{"class":71},[20,16128,4860,16129,16131],{},[1399,16130,1401],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[48,16133,16135],{"className":50,"code":16134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16136,16137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16138,16139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16140,16134],{"class":3903},[20,16142,16143],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16145,16146],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[48,16148,16150],{"className":50,"code":16149,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16151,16152,16160,16176,16180,16184],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16153,16154,16156,16158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16155,11716],{"class":63},[57,16157,68],{"class":67},[57,16159,11721],{"class":71},[57,16161,16162,16164,16166,16168,16170,16172,16174],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16163,11726],{"class":169},[57,16165,10723],{"class":173},[57,16167,170],{"class":169},[57,16169,270],{"class":71},[57,16171,181],{"class":169},[57,16173,7907],{"class":173},[57,16175,3602],{"class":169},[57,16177,16178],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,16179,9536],{"class":71},[57,16181,16182],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,16183,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,16185,16186,16188,16190,16192],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,16187,102],{"class":101},[57,16189,105],{"class":71},[57,16191,11810],{"class":113},[57,16193,316],{"class":71},[43,16195,9672],{"id":9671},[20,16197,16198,16200],{},[15,16199,9348],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16202,16203],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[48,16205,16207],{"className":50,"code":16206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16208,16209,16266,16270,16284,16288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16210,16211,16213,16215,16217,16219,16221,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237,16239,16241,16243,16245,16247,16249,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259,16262,16264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16212,9442],{"class":63},[57,16214,68],{"class":67},[57,16216,9447],{"class":71},[57,16218,170],{"class":169},[57,16220,7898],{"class":173},[57,16222,170],{"class":169},[57,16224,79],{"class":71},[57,16226,181],{"class":169},[57,16228,13110],{"class":173},[57,16230,170],{"class":169},[57,16232,9460],{"class":71},[57,16234,9463],{"class":71},[57,16236,170],{"class":169},[57,16238,9526],{"class":173},[57,16240,170],{"class":169},[57,16242,79],{"class":71},[57,16244,1617],{"class":75},[57,16246,9460],{"class":71},[57,16248,9463],{"class":71},[57,16250,170],{"class":169},[57,16252,10636],{"class":173},[57,16254,170],{"class":169},[57,16256,79],{"class":71},[57,16258,181],{"class":169},[57,16260,16261],{"class":173},"Lima",[57,16263,170],{"class":169},[57,16265,9476],{"class":71},[57,16267,16268],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16269,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,16271,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16282],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,16273,13093],{"class":63},[57,16275,68],{"class":67},[57,16277,9398],{"class":1102},[57,16279,105],{"class":71},[57,16281,9489],{"class":113},[57,16283,316],{"class":71},[57,16285,16286],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,16287,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,16289,16290,16292,16294,16296],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,16291,102],{"class":101},[57,16293,105],{"class":71},[57,16295,13856],{"class":113},[57,16297,316],{"class":71},[20,16299,16300],{},[1399,16301,216],{},[48,16303,16305],{"className":50,"code":16304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16306,16307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16308,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16310,9505],{"class":71},[57,16312,3543],{"class":169},[57,16314,7898],{"class":173},[57,16316,3543],{"class":169},[57,16318,270],{"class":71},[57,16320,3538],{"class":169},[57,16322,13110],{"class":173},[57,16324,3543],{"class":169},[57,16326,79],{"class":71},[57,16328,3538],{"class":169},[57,16330,9526],{"class":173},[57,16332,3543],{"class":169},[57,16334,270],{"class":71},[57,16336,1617],{"class":75},[57,16338,79],{"class":71},[57,16340,3538],{"class":169},[57,16342,10636],{"class":173},[57,16344,3543],{"class":169},[57,16346,270],{"class":71},[57,16348,3538],{"class":169},[57,16350,16261],{"class":173},[57,16352,3543],{"class":169},[57,16354,9536],{"class":71},[20,16356,16357],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[48,16359,16361],{"className":50,"code":16360,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16362,16363,16404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16364,16365,16367,16369,16371,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396,16398,16400,16402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16366,13093],{"class":63},[57,16368,68],{"class":67},[57,16370,9398],{"class":1102},[57,16372,16373],{"class":71},"(((",[57,16375,170],{"class":169},[57,16377,7898],{"class":173},[57,16379,170],{"class":169},[57,16381,79],{"class":71},[57,16383,181],{"class":169},[57,16385,13110],{"class":173},[57,16387,170],{"class":169},[57,16389,9460],{"class":71},[57,16391,9463],{"class":71},[57,16393,170],{"class":169},[57,16395,9526],{"class":173},[57,16397,170],{"class":169},[57,16399,79],{"class":71},[57,16401,1617],{"class":75},[57,16403,1225],{"class":71},[57,16405,16406,16408,16410,16412],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16407,102],{"class":101},[57,16409,105],{"class":71},[57,16411,13856],{"class":113},[57,16413,316],{"class":71},[20,16415,16416],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[43,16418,16420],{"id":16419},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16422,16423],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[30,16425,16426,16429,16432,16435],{},[33,16427,16428],{},"Keys must be unique",[33,16430,16431],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[33,16433,16434],{},"Values can repeat",[33,16436,16437],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[943,16439,16441],{"id":16440},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[48,16443,16445],{"className":50,"code":16444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16446,16447,16455,16473,16490,16494,16498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16448,16449,16451,16453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16450,9393],{"class":63},[57,16452,68],{"class":67},[57,16454,11721],{"class":71},[57,16456,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16458,11726],{"class":169},[57,16460,7898],{"class":173},[57,16462,170],{"class":169},[57,16464,270],{"class":71},[57,16466,181],{"class":169},[57,16468,13110],{"class":173},[57,16470,170],{"class":169},[57,16472,11742],{"class":71},[57,16474,16475,16477,16479,16481,16483,16485,16488],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,16476,11726],{"class":169},[57,16478,7898],{"class":173},[57,16480,170],{"class":169},[57,16482,270],{"class":71},[57,16484,181],{"class":169},[57,16486,16487],{"class":173},"Maria",[57,16489,3602],{"class":169},[57,16491,16492],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,16493,9536],{"class":71},[57,16495,16496],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,16497,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,16499,16500,16502,16504,16506],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,16501,102],{"class":101},[57,16503,105],{"class":71},[57,16505,9431],{"class":113},[57,16507,316],{"class":71},[20,16509,16510],{},[1399,16511,216],{},[48,16513,16515],{"className":50,"code":16514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16516,16517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16518,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529,16531,16533,16535],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16520,9505],{"class":71},[57,16522,3543],{"class":169},[57,16524,7898],{"class":173},[57,16526,3543],{"class":169},[57,16528,270],{"class":71},[57,16530,3538],{"class":169},[57,16532,16487],{"class":173},[57,16534,3543],{"class":169},[57,16536,9536],{"class":71},[20,16538,16539],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[943,16541,16543],{"id":16542},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[48,16545,16547],{"className":50,"code":16546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16548,16549,16557,16573,16589,16603,16607,16611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16550,16551,16553,16555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16552,459],{"class":63},[57,16554,68],{"class":67},[57,16556,11721],{"class":71},[57,16558,16559,16562,16564,16566,16569,16571],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16560,16561],{"class":75},"    1",[57,16563,270],{"class":71},[57,16565,181],{"class":169},[57,16567,16568],{"class":173},"low",[57,16570,170],{"class":169},[57,16572,11742],{"class":71},[57,16574,16575,16578,16580,16582,16585,16587],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,16576,16577],{"class":75},"    2",[57,16579,270],{"class":71},[57,16581,181],{"class":169},[57,16583,16584],{"class":173},"medium",[57,16586,170],{"class":169},[57,16588,11742],{"class":71},[57,16590,16591,16594,16596,16598,16601],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,16592,16593],{"class":75},"    3",[57,16595,270],{"class":71},[57,16597,181],{"class":169},[57,16599,16600],{"class":173},"high",[57,16602,3602],{"class":169},[57,16604,16605],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,16606,9536],{"class":71},[57,16608,16609],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,16610,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,16612,16613,16615,16617,16619],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,16614,102],{"class":101},[57,16616,105],{"class":71},[57,16618,498],{"class":113},[57,16620,316],{"class":71},[943,16622,16624],{"id":16623},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16626,16627],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16629,16630],{},"This will cause an error:",[48,16632,16634],{"className":50,"code":16633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16635,16636,16641,16646],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16637,16638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16639,16640],{"class":3903},"# bad = {\n",[57,16642,16643],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16644,16645],{"class":3903},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[57,16647,16648],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,16649,16650],{"class":3903},"# }\n",[20,16652,16653],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[48,16655,16657],{"className":50,"code":16656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16658,16659,16668,16688,16692,16696],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16660,16661,16664,16666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16662,16663],{"class":63},"good ",[57,16665,68],{"class":67},[57,16667,11721],{"class":71},[57,16669,16670,16673,16675,16677,16679,16682,16684,16686],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16671,16672],{"class":71},"    (",[57,16674,3231],{"class":75},[57,16676,79],{"class":71},[57,16678,87],{"class":75},[57,16680,16681],{"class":71},"):",[57,16683,181],{"class":169},[57,16685,114],{"class":173},[57,16687,3602],{"class":169},[57,16689,16690],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,16691,9536],{"class":71},[57,16693,16694],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,16695,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,16697,16698,16700,16702,16705],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,16699,102],{"class":101},[57,16701,105],{"class":71},[57,16703,16704],{"class":113},"good",[57,16706,316],{"class":71},[43,16708,16710],{"id":16709},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16712,16713],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16715,16716],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[30,16718,16719,16722,16724,16727],{},[33,16720,16721],{},"user data",[33,16723,14115],{},[33,16725,16726],{},"counters",[33,16728,16729],{},"lookups",[20,16731,864],{},[48,16733,16735],{"className":50,"code":16734,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16736,16737,16745,16764,16783,16795,16799,16803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16738,16739,16741,16743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16740,11716],{"class":63},[57,16742,68],{"class":67},[57,16744,11721],{"class":71},[57,16746,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755,16757,16760,16762],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16748,11726],{"class":169},[57,16750,8212],{"class":173},[57,16752,170],{"class":169},[57,16754,270],{"class":71},[57,16756,181],{"class":169},[57,16758,16759],{"class":173},"ana123",[57,16761,170],{"class":169},[57,16763,11742],{"class":71},[57,16765,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776,16779,16781],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,16767,11726],{"class":169},[57,16769,15489],{"class":173},[57,16771,170],{"class":169},[57,16773,270],{"class":71},[57,16775,181],{"class":169},[57,16777,16778],{"class":173},"ana@example.com",[57,16780,170],{"class":169},[57,16782,11742],{"class":71},[57,16784,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,16786,11726],{"class":169},[57,16788,12743],{"class":173},[57,16790,170],{"class":169},[57,16792,270],{"class":71},[57,16794,6652],{"class":1523},[57,16796,16797],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,16798,9536],{"class":71},[57,16800,16801],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,16802,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,16804,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,16806,102],{"class":101},[57,16808,105],{"class":71},[57,16810,11810],{"class":113},[57,16812,1785],{"class":71},[57,16814,170],{"class":169},[57,16816,15489],{"class":173},[57,16818,170],{"class":169},[57,16820,1975],{"class":71},[20,16822,16823,16824,620],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[614,16825,16827],{"href":16826},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16829,16830],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[30,16832,16833,16836,16839],{},[33,16834,16835],{},"labels are not needed",[33,16837,16838],{},"you mostly care about position",[33,16840,16841],{},"order matters more than named fields",[43,16843,1829],{"id":1828},[20,16845,16846],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[30,16848,16849,16852,16855,16858,16861],{},[33,16850,16851],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[33,16853,16854],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[33,16856,16857],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[33,16859,16860],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[33,16862,16863,16864,16866],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16865,4030],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[943,16868,16870],{"id":16869},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16872,16873],{},"Wrong:",[48,16875,16877],{"className":50,"code":16876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16878,16879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16880,16881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16882,16876],{"class":3903},[20,16884,16885],{},"Correct:",[48,16887,16889],{"className":50,"code":16888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16890,16891,16915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16892,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16894,13093],{"class":63},[57,16896,68],{"class":67},[57,16898,10718],{"class":71},[57,16900,170],{"class":169},[57,16902,7898],{"class":173},[57,16904,170],{"class":169},[57,16906,270],{"class":71},[57,16908,181],{"class":169},[57,16910,13110],{"class":173},[57,16912,170],{"class":169},[57,16914,9536],{"class":71},[57,16916,16917,16919,16921,16923],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16918,102],{"class":101},[57,16920,105],{"class":71},[57,16922,13856],{"class":113},[57,16924,316],{"class":71},[943,16926,16928],{"id":16927},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16930,16873],{},[48,16932,16934],{"className":50,"code":16933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16935,16936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16937,16938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16939,16933],{"class":3903},[20,16941,16942,16943,16945,16946,16948],{},"This only works if ",[15,16944,7898],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16947,15470],{},", use quotes.",[20,16950,16885],{},[48,16952,16953],{"className":50,"code":16888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,16954,16955,16979],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16956,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,16958,13093],{"class":63},[57,16960,68],{"class":67},[57,16962,10718],{"class":71},[57,16964,170],{"class":169},[57,16966,7898],{"class":173},[57,16968,170],{"class":169},[57,16970,270],{"class":71},[57,16972,181],{"class":169},[57,16974,13110],{"class":173},[57,16976,170],{"class":169},[57,16978,9536],{"class":71},[57,16980,16981,16983,16985,16987],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,16982,102],{"class":101},[57,16984,105],{"class":71},[57,16986,13856],{"class":113},[57,16988,316],{"class":71},[943,16990,16992],{"id":16991},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[48,16994,16996],{"className":50,"code":16995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16997,16998,17030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,16999,17000,17002,17004,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17016,17018,17020,17022,17024,17026,17028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17001,9393],{"class":63},[57,17003,68],{"class":67},[57,17005,10718],{"class":71},[57,17007,170],{"class":169},[57,17009,9526],{"class":173},[57,17011,170],{"class":169},[57,17013,270],{"class":71},[57,17015,1617],{"class":75},[57,17017,79],{"class":71},[57,17019,181],{"class":169},[57,17021,9526],{"class":173},[57,17023,170],{"class":169},[57,17025,270],{"class":71},[57,17027,1575],{"class":75},[57,17029,9536],{"class":71},[57,17031,17032,17034,17036,17038],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,17033,102],{"class":101},[57,17035,105],{"class":71},[57,17037,9431],{"class":113},[57,17039,316],{"class":71},[20,17041,17042],{},[1399,17043,216],{},[48,17045,17047],{"className":50,"code":17046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,17048,17049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17050,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17052,9505],{"class":71},[57,17054,3543],{"class":169},[57,17056,9526],{"class":173},[57,17058,3543],{"class":169},[57,17060,270],{"class":71},[57,17062,1575],{"class":75},[57,17064,9536],{"class":71},[43,17066,17068],{"id":17067},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17070,17071],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[48,17073,17075],{"className":50,"code":17074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17076,17077,17113,17117,17127,17141,17156,17170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17078,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17080,11953],{"class":63},[57,17082,68],{"class":67},[57,17084,10718],{"class":71},[57,17086,170],{"class":169},[57,17088,7898],{"class":173},[57,17090,170],{"class":169},[57,17092,270],{"class":71},[57,17094,181],{"class":169},[57,17096,13110],{"class":173},[57,17098,170],{"class":169},[57,17100,79],{"class":71},[57,17102,181],{"class":169},[57,17104,9526],{"class":173},[57,17106,170],{"class":169},[57,17108,270],{"class":71},[57,17110,1617],{"class":75},[57,17112,9536],{"class":71},[57,17114,17115],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,17116,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,17118,17119,17121,17123,17125],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,17120,102],{"class":101},[57,17122,105],{"class":71},[57,17124,11677],{"class":113},[57,17126,316],{"class":71},[57,17128,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,17130,102],{"class":101},[57,17132,105],{"class":71},[57,17134,1886],{"class":1102},[57,17136,105],{"class":71},[57,17138,11677],{"class":113},[57,17140,117],{"class":71},[57,17142,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17154],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,17144,102],{"class":101},[57,17146,105],{"class":71},[57,17148,11677],{"class":113},[57,17150,620],{"class":71},[57,17152,17153],{"class":113},"keys",[57,17155,1671],{"class":71},[57,17157,17158,17160,17162,17164,17166,17168],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,17159,102],{"class":101},[57,17161,105],{"class":71},[57,17163,11677],{"class":113},[57,17165,620],{"class":71},[57,17167,5589],{"class":113},[57,17169,1671],{"class":71},[57,17171,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,17173,102],{"class":101},[57,17175,105],{"class":71},[57,17177,1007],{"class":101},[57,17179,105],{"class":71},[57,17181,11677],{"class":113},[57,17183,117],{"class":71},[20,17185,17186],{},[1399,17187,17188],{},"Example output:",[48,17190,17192],{"className":50,"code":17191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17193,17194,17226,17240,17263,17282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17195,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17197,9505],{"class":71},[57,17199,3543],{"class":169},[57,17201,7898],{"class":173},[57,17203,3543],{"class":169},[57,17205,270],{"class":71},[57,17207,3538],{"class":169},[57,17209,13110],{"class":173},[57,17211,3543],{"class":169},[57,17213,79],{"class":71},[57,17215,3538],{"class":169},[57,17217,9526],{"class":173},[57,17219,3543],{"class":169},[57,17221,270],{"class":71},[57,17223,1617],{"class":75},[57,17225,9536],{"class":71},[57,17227,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,17229,3532],{"class":67},[57,17231,3535],{"class":1208},[57,17233,3538],{"class":169},[57,17235,9049],{"class":173},[57,17237,3543],{"class":169},[57,17239,3546],{"class":67},[57,17241,17242,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,17243,17244],{"class":113},"dict_keys",[57,17246,1949],{"class":71},[57,17248,3543],{"class":169},[57,17250,7898],{"class":173},[57,17252,3543],{"class":169},[57,17254,79],{"class":71},[57,17256,3538],{"class":169},[57,17258,9526],{"class":173},[57,17260,3543],{"class":169},[57,17262,1975],{"class":71},[57,17264,17265,17268,17270,17272,17274,17276,17278,17280],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,17266,17267],{"class":113},"dict_values",[57,17269,1949],{"class":71},[57,17271,3543],{"class":169},[57,17273,13110],{"class":173},[57,17275,3543],{"class":169},[57,17277,79],{"class":71},[57,17279,1617],{"class":75},[57,17281,1975],{"class":71},[57,17283,17284],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,17285,17286],{"class":75},"2\n",[20,17288,17289,17290,2441,17296,17302,17303,620],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[614,17291,10964,17293],{"href":17292},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17294,17295],{},"keys()",[614,17297,10964,17299],{"href":17298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17300,17301],{},"values()",", and ",[614,17304,10964,17306],{"href":17305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17307,17308],{},"items()",[43,17310,2011],{"id":2010},[943,17312,17314],{"id":17313},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17316,1806,17317,3122,17319,17321],{},[15,17318,4030],{},[15,17320,9348],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[943,17323,17325],{"id":17324},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17327,17328,17329,620],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17330,17331],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[943,17333,17335],{"id":17334},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17337,17338],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[943,17340,17342],{"id":17341},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17344,17345],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[943,17347,2119,17349,1242,17351,2053],{"id":17348},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17350,4030],{},[15,17352,9348],{},[20,17354,17355,17357,17358,17360],{},[15,17356,4030],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17359,9348],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[43,17362,2135],{"id":2134},[30,17364,17365,17369,17375,17379,17385],{},[33,17366,17367],{},[614,17368,9383],{"href":9382},[33,17370,17371],{},[614,17372,10964,17373,10968],{"href":10963},[15,17374,10967],{},[33,17376,17377],{},[614,17378,11478],{"href":10958},[33,17380,17381],{},[614,17382,17384],{"href":17383},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[33,17386,17387],{},[614,17388,11489],{"href":11302},[20,17390,17391],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2172,17393,17394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":17396},[17397,17398,17399,17400,17403,17406,17411,17412,17417,17418,17423,17424,17432],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":15392,"depth":98,"text":15393},{"id":15410,"depth":98,"text":15398},{"id":15495,"depth":98,"text":15496,"children":17401},[17402],{"id":15647,"depth":120,"text":15648},{"id":9629,"depth":98,"text":9630,"children":17404},[17405],{"id":15826,"depth":120,"text":15827},{"id":15939,"depth":98,"text":17407,"children":17408},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17409],{"id":16065,"depth":120,"text":17410},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9671,"depth":98,"text":9672},{"id":16419,"depth":98,"text":16420,"children":17413},[17414,17415,17416],{"id":16440,"depth":120,"text":16441},{"id":16542,"depth":120,"text":16543},{"id":16623,"depth":120,"text":16624},{"id":16709,"depth":98,"text":16710},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":17419},[17420,17421,17422],{"id":16869,"depth":120,"text":16870},{"id":16927,"depth":120,"text":16928},{"id":16991,"depth":120,"text":16992},{"id":17067,"depth":98,"text":17068},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":17425},[17426,17427,17428,17429,17430],{"id":17313,"depth":120,"text":17314},{"id":17324,"depth":120,"text":17325},{"id":17334,"depth":120,"text":17335},{"id":17341,"depth":120,"text":17342},{"id":17348,"depth":120,"text":17431},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15235,"description":17433},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17439,"title":17440,"body":17441,"description":19892,"extension":2219,"meta":19893,"navigation":123,"path":19894,"seo":19895,"stem":19896,"__hash__":19897},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17442,"toc":19848},[17443,17449,17455,17458,17461,17463,17545,17551,17556,17560,17578,17590,17595,17599,17622,17626,17638,17646,17650,17656,17658,17661,17736,17738,17783,17785,17802,17807,17813,17818,17892,17894,17939,17942,17953,17955,18074,18076,18129,18136,18140,18143,18160,18166,18170,18268,18270,18322,18329,18333,18339,18342,18345,18372,18377,18381,18384,18488,18490,18535,18538,18541,18546,18551,18562,18564,18625,18685,18691,18699,18705,18710,18715,18775,18779,18846,18849,18853,18924,18927,18940,18947,18949,18953,18957,19028,19030,19067,19070,19073,19136,19143,19146,19188,19198,19201,19270,19276,19281,19365,19367,19416,19423,19429,19474,19476,19509,19514,19518,19524,19563,19607,19675,19718,19720,19726,19729,19733,19738,19742,19745,19749,19751,19812,19814,19840,19845],[10,17444,11545,17446,11549],{"id":17445},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17447,17448],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17450,17451,17454],{},[15,17452,17453],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17456,17457],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17459,17460],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[43,17462,46],{"id":45},[48,17464,17466],{"className":50,"code":17465,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17467,17468,17501,17529,17540],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17469,17470,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17471,17472],{"class":63},"keys ",[57,17474,68],{"class":67},[57,17476,72],{"class":71},[57,17478,170],{"class":169},[57,17480,7898],{"class":173},[57,17482,170],{"class":169},[57,17484,79],{"class":71},[57,17486,181],{"class":169},[57,17488,9526],{"class":173},[57,17490,170],{"class":169},[57,17492,79],{"class":71},[57,17494,181],{"class":169},[57,17496,10636],{"class":173},[57,17498,170],{"class":169},[57,17500,95],{"class":71},[57,17502,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17525,17527],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,17504,13435],{"class":63},[57,17506,68],{"class":67},[57,17508,9398],{"class":1102},[57,17510,620],{"class":71},[57,17512,17513],{"class":113},"fromkeys",[57,17515,105],{"class":71},[57,17517,17153],{"class":113},[57,17519,79],{"class":71},[57,17521,181],{"class":169},[57,17523,17524],{"class":173},"unknown",[57,17526,170],{"class":169},[57,17528,316],{"class":71},[57,17530,17531,17533,17535,17538],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,17532,102],{"class":101},[57,17534,105],{"class":71},[57,17536,17537],{"class":113},"person",[57,17539,316],{"class":71},[57,17541,17542],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,17543,17544],{"class":3903},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17546,1806,17547,17550],{},[15,17548,17549],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[43,17552,262,17554,265],{"id":17553},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17555,17453],{},[20,17557,17558,270],{},[15,17559,17453],{},[30,17561,17562,17565,17568,17571],{},[33,17563,17564],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[33,17566,17567],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[33,17569,17570],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[33,17572,17573,17574,17577],{},"Is called as ",[15,17575,17576],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17579,17580,17581,17583,17584,17586,17587,620],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17582,9049],{},", so you write ",[15,17585,17576],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17588,17589],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17591,17592,17593,620],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[614,17594,9383],{"href":13253},[43,17596,17598],{"id":17597},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[48,17600,17602],{"className":50,"code":17601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17603,17604],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17605,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17607,9049],{"class":1102},[57,17609,620],{"class":71},[57,17611,17513],{"class":113},[57,17613,105],{"class":71},[57,17615,313],{"class":113},[57,17617,79],{"class":71},[57,17619,8661],{"class":113},[57,17621,316],{"class":71},[943,17623,17625],{"id":17624},"parameters","Parameters",[30,17627,17628,17633],{},[33,17629,17630,17632],{},[15,17631,313],{},": the keys to use",[33,17634,17635,17637],{},[15,17636,364],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17639,17640,17641,17643,17644,620],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17642,364],{},", each key gets ",[15,17645,1524],{},[943,17647,17649],{"id":17648},"return-value","Return value",[20,17651,17652,17653,620],{},"It returns a ",[1399,17654,17655],{},"new dictionary",[43,17657,6018],{"id":6017},[20,17659,17660],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[48,17662,17664],{"className":50,"code":17663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17665,17666,17699,17721,17725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17667,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17669,17472],{"class":63},[57,17671,68],{"class":67},[57,17673,72],{"class":71},[57,17675,170],{"class":169},[57,17677,13323],{"class":173},[57,17679,170],{"class":169},[57,17681,79],{"class":71},[57,17683,181],{"class":169},[57,17685,17686],{"class":173},"green",[57,17688,170],{"class":169},[57,17690,79],{"class":71},[57,17692,181],{"class":169},[57,17694,13340],{"class":173},[57,17696,170],{"class":169},[57,17698,95],{"class":71},[57,17700,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,17702,13306],{"class":63},[57,17704,68],{"class":67},[57,17706,9398],{"class":1102},[57,17708,620],{"class":71},[57,17710,17513],{"class":113},[57,17712,105],{"class":71},[57,17714,17153],{"class":113},[57,17716,79],{"class":71},[57,17718,4072],{"class":75},[57,17720,316],{"class":71},[57,17722,17723],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,17724,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,17726,17727,17729,17731,17734],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,17728,102],{"class":101},[57,17730,105],{"class":71},[57,17732,17733],{"class":113},"colors",[57,17735,316],{"class":71},[20,17737,216],{},[48,17739,17741],{"className":50,"code":17740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17742,17743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17744,17745,17747,17749,17751,17753,17755,17757,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17746,9505],{"class":71},[57,17748,3543],{"class":169},[57,17750,13323],{"class":173},[57,17752,3543],{"class":169},[57,17754,270],{"class":71},[57,17756,4072],{"class":75},[57,17758,79],{"class":71},[57,17760,3538],{"class":169},[57,17762,17686],{"class":173},[57,17764,3543],{"class":169},[57,17766,270],{"class":71},[57,17768,4072],{"class":75},[57,17770,79],{"class":71},[57,17772,3538],{"class":169},[57,17774,13340],{"class":173},[57,17776,3543],{"class":169},[57,17778,270],{"class":71},[57,17780,4072],{"class":75},[57,17782,9536],{"class":71},[20,17784,11912],{},[30,17786,17787,17792,17797],{},[33,17788,17789,17791],{},[15,17790,17153],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[33,17793,17794,17796],{},[15,17795,1294],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[33,17798,17799,17801],{},[15,17800,17453],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17803,17804,17805,620],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[614,17806,9619],{"href":13256},[43,17808,443,17810,17812],{"id":17809},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17811,17448],{}," without a value",[20,17814,17815,17816,620],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17817,1524],{},[48,17819,17821],{"className":50,"code":17820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17822,17823,17857,17877,17881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17824,17825,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17853,17855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17826,17827],{"class":63},"fields ",[57,17829,68],{"class":67},[57,17831,72],{"class":71},[57,17833,170],{"class":169},[57,17835,8212],{"class":173},[57,17837,170],{"class":169},[57,17839,79],{"class":71},[57,17841,181],{"class":169},[57,17843,15489],{"class":173},[57,17845,170],{"class":169},[57,17847,79],{"class":71},[57,17849,181],{"class":169},[57,17851,17852],{"class":173},"password",[57,17854,170],{"class":169},[57,17856,95],{"class":71},[57,17858,17859,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17875],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,17860,17861],{"class":63},"user_data ",[57,17863,68],{"class":67},[57,17865,9398],{"class":1102},[57,17867,620],{"class":71},[57,17869,17513],{"class":113},[57,17871,105],{"class":71},[57,17873,17874],{"class":113},"fields",[57,17876,316],{"class":71},[57,17878,17879],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,17880,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,17882,17883,17885,17887,17890],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,17884,102],{"class":101},[57,17886,105],{"class":71},[57,17888,17889],{"class":113},"user_data",[57,17891,316],{"class":71},[20,17893,216],{},[48,17895,17897],{"className":50,"code":17896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17898,17899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17900,17901,17903,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17935,17937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17902,9505],{"class":71},[57,17904,3543],{"class":169},[57,17906,8212],{"class":173},[57,17908,3543],{"class":169},[57,17910,270],{"class":71},[57,17912,4091],{"class":1523},[57,17914,79],{"class":71},[57,17916,3538],{"class":169},[57,17918,15489],{"class":173},[57,17920,3543],{"class":169},[57,17922,270],{"class":71},[57,17924,4091],{"class":1523},[57,17926,79],{"class":71},[57,17928,3538],{"class":169},[57,17930,17852],{"class":173},[57,17932,3543],{"class":169},[57,17934,270],{"class":71},[57,17936,4091],{"class":1523},[57,17938,9536],{"class":71},[20,17940,17941],{},"This is useful when:",[30,17943,17944,17947,17950],{},[33,17945,17946],{},"You want to create the keys first",[33,17948,17949],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[33,17951,17952],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17954,864],{},[48,17956,17958],{"className":50,"code":17957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17959,17960,17992,18010,18014,18037,18060,18064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,17961,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,17963,17827],{"class":63},[57,17965,68],{"class":67},[57,17967,72],{"class":71},[57,17969,170],{"class":169},[57,17971,8212],{"class":173},[57,17973,170],{"class":169},[57,17975,79],{"class":71},[57,17977,181],{"class":169},[57,17979,15489],{"class":173},[57,17981,170],{"class":169},[57,17983,79],{"class":71},[57,17985,181],{"class":169},[57,17987,17852],{"class":173},[57,17989,170],{"class":169},[57,17991,95],{"class":71},[57,17993,17994,17996,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,17995,17861],{"class":63},[57,17997,68],{"class":67},[57,17999,9398],{"class":1102},[57,18001,620],{"class":71},[57,18003,17513],{"class":113},[57,18005,105],{"class":71},[57,18007,17874],{"class":113},[57,18009,316],{"class":71},[57,18011,18012],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,18013,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,18015,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026,18028,18030,18032,18035],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,18017,17889],{"class":63},[57,18019,1785],{"class":71},[57,18021,170],{"class":169},[57,18023,8212],{"class":173},[57,18025,170],{"class":169},[57,18027,13504],{"class":71},[57,18029,13507],{"class":67},[57,18031,181],{"class":169},[57,18033,18034],{"class":173},"alice",[57,18036,3602],{"class":169},[57,18038,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18058],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,18040,17889],{"class":63},[57,18042,1785],{"class":71},[57,18044,170],{"class":169},[57,18046,15489],{"class":173},[57,18048,170],{"class":169},[57,18050,13504],{"class":71},[57,18052,13507],{"class":67},[57,18054,181],{"class":169},[57,18056,18057],{"class":173},"alice@example.com",[57,18059,3602],{"class":169},[57,18061,18062],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,18063,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,18065,18066,18068,18070,18072],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,18067,102],{"class":101},[57,18069,105],{"class":71},[57,18071,17889],{"class":113},[57,18073,316],{"class":71},[20,18075,216],{},[48,18077,18079],{"className":50,"code":18078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18080,18081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18082,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18084,9505],{"class":71},[57,18086,3543],{"class":169},[57,18088,8212],{"class":173},[57,18090,3543],{"class":169},[57,18092,270],{"class":71},[57,18094,3538],{"class":169},[57,18096,18034],{"class":173},[57,18098,3543],{"class":169},[57,18100,79],{"class":71},[57,18102,3538],{"class":169},[57,18104,15489],{"class":173},[57,18106,3543],{"class":169},[57,18108,270],{"class":71},[57,18110,3538],{"class":169},[57,18112,18057],{"class":173},[57,18114,3543],{"class":169},[57,18116,79],{"class":71},[57,18118,3538],{"class":169},[57,18120,17852],{"class":173},[57,18122,3543],{"class":169},[57,18124,270],{"class":71},[57,18126,4091],{"class":1523},[57,18128,9536],{"class":71},[20,18130,18131,18132,620],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[614,18133,18135],{"href":18134},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[43,18137,18139],{"id":18138},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18141,18142],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[30,18144,18145,18150,18155],{},[33,18146,18147,18149],{},[15,18148,4025],{}," (list)",[33,18151,18152,18154],{},[15,18153,4030],{}," (dictionary)",[33,18156,18157,18159],{},[15,18158,4035],{}," (set)",[20,18161,18162,18163,620],{},"All keys will point to the ",[1399,18164,18165],{},"same object",[943,18167,18169],{"id":18168},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[48,18171,18173],{"className":50,"code":18172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18174,18175,18207,18228,18232,18254,18258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18176,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201,18203,18205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18178,17472],{"class":63},[57,18180,68],{"class":67},[57,18182,72],{"class":71},[57,18184,170],{"class":169},[57,18186,614],{"class":173},[57,18188,170],{"class":169},[57,18190,79],{"class":71},[57,18192,181],{"class":169},[57,18194,4993],{"class":173},[57,18196,170],{"class":169},[57,18198,79],{"class":71},[57,18200,181],{"class":169},[57,18202,9966],{"class":173},[57,18204,170],{"class":169},[57,18206,95],{"class":71},[57,18208,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18210,9393],{"class":63},[57,18212,68],{"class":67},[57,18214,9398],{"class":1102},[57,18216,620],{"class":71},[57,18218,17513],{"class":113},[57,18220,105],{"class":71},[57,18222,17153],{"class":113},[57,18224,79],{"class":71},[57,18226,18227],{"class":71}," [])\n",[57,18229,18230],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,18231,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,18233,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,18235,9431],{"class":63},[57,18237,1785],{"class":71},[57,18239,170],{"class":169},[57,18241,614],{"class":173},[57,18243,170],{"class":169},[57,18245,13780],{"class":71},[57,18247,13783],{"class":113},[57,18249,105],{"class":71},[57,18251,3231],{"class":75},[57,18253,316],{"class":71},[57,18255,18256],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,18257,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,18259,18260,18262,18264,18266],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,18261,102],{"class":101},[57,18263,105],{"class":71},[57,18265,9431],{"class":113},[57,18267,316],{"class":71},[20,18269,216],{},[48,18271,18273],{"className":50,"code":18272,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18274,18275],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18276,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18278,9505],{"class":71},[57,18280,3543],{"class":169},[57,18282,614],{"class":173},[57,18284,3543],{"class":169},[57,18286,270],{"class":71},[57,18288,72],{"class":71},[57,18290,3231],{"class":75},[57,18292,18293],{"class":71},"],",[57,18295,3538],{"class":169},[57,18297,4993],{"class":173},[57,18299,3543],{"class":169},[57,18301,270],{"class":71},[57,18303,72],{"class":71},[57,18305,3231],{"class":75},[57,18307,18293],{"class":71},[57,18309,3538],{"class":169},[57,18311,9966],{"class":173},[57,18313,3543],{"class":169},[57,18315,270],{"class":71},[57,18317,72],{"class":71},[57,18319,3231],{"class":75},[57,18321,13936],{"class":71},[20,18323,18324,18325,18328],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18326,18327],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[943,18330,18332],{"id":18331},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18334,18335,18338],{},[15,18336,18337],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18340,18341],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18343,18344],{},"So this:",[48,18346,18348],{"className":50,"code":18347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18349,18350],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18351,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18353,9431],{"class":63},[57,18355,1785],{"class":71},[57,18357,170],{"class":169},[57,18359,614],{"class":173},[57,18361,170],{"class":169},[57,18363,13780],{"class":71},[57,18365,13783],{"class":113},[57,18367,105],{"class":71},[57,18369,3231],{"class":75},[57,18371,316],{"class":71},[20,18373,18374,18375,620],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18376,18327],{},[943,18378,18380],{"id":18379},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18382,18383],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[48,18385,18387],{"className":50,"code":18386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18388,18389,18421,18448,18452,18474,18478],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18390,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18392,17472],{"class":63},[57,18394,68],{"class":67},[57,18396,72],{"class":71},[57,18398,170],{"class":169},[57,18400,614],{"class":173},[57,18402,170],{"class":169},[57,18404,79],{"class":71},[57,18406,181],{"class":169},[57,18408,4993],{"class":173},[57,18410,170],{"class":169},[57,18412,79],{"class":71},[57,18414,181],{"class":169},[57,18416,9966],{"class":173},[57,18418,170],{"class":169},[57,18420,95],{"class":71},[57,18422,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431,18433,18436,18438,18441,18443,18446],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18424,9393],{"class":63},[57,18426,68],{"class":67},[57,18428,10718],{"class":71},[57,18430,432],{"class":63},[57,18432,270],{"class":71},[57,18434,18435],{"class":71}," []",[57,18437,1963],{"class":1962},[57,18439,18440],{"class":63}," key ",[57,18442,1969],{"class":1962},[57,18444,18445],{"class":63}," keys",[57,18447,9536],{"class":71},[57,18449,18450],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,18451,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,18453,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,18455,9431],{"class":63},[57,18457,1785],{"class":71},[57,18459,170],{"class":169},[57,18461,614],{"class":173},[57,18463,170],{"class":169},[57,18465,13780],{"class":71},[57,18467,13783],{"class":113},[57,18469,105],{"class":71},[57,18471,3231],{"class":75},[57,18473,316],{"class":71},[57,18475,18476],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,18477,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,18479,18480,18482,18484,18486],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,18481,102],{"class":101},[57,18483,105],{"class":71},[57,18485,9431],{"class":113},[57,18487,316],{"class":71},[20,18489,216],{},[48,18491,18493],{"className":50,"code":18492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18494,18495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18496,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511,18513,18515,18517,18519,18521,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18498,9505],{"class":71},[57,18500,3543],{"class":169},[57,18502,614],{"class":173},[57,18504,3543],{"class":169},[57,18506,270],{"class":71},[57,18508,72],{"class":71},[57,18510,3231],{"class":75},[57,18512,18293],{"class":71},[57,18514,3538],{"class":169},[57,18516,4993],{"class":173},[57,18518,3543],{"class":169},[57,18520,270],{"class":71},[57,18522,18523],{"class":71}," [],",[57,18525,3538],{"class":169},[57,18527,9966],{"class":173},[57,18529,3543],{"class":169},[57,18531,270],{"class":71},[57,18533,18534],{"class":71}," []}\n",[20,18536,18537],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18539,18540],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[43,18542,5194,18544],{"id":18543},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18545,17448],{},[20,18547,18548,18550],{},[15,18549,17453],{}," is a good choice when:",[30,18552,18553,18556,18559],{},[33,18554,18555],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[33,18557,18558],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[33,18560,18561],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18563,2378],{},[48,18565,18567],{"className":50,"code":18566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18568,18569,18614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18570,18571,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603,18606,18608,18610,18612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18572,18573],{"class":63},"flags ",[57,18575,68],{"class":67},[57,18577,9398],{"class":1102},[57,18579,620],{"class":71},[57,18581,17513],{"class":113},[57,18583,1949],{"class":71},[57,18585,170],{"class":169},[57,18587,18588],{"class":173},"is_admin",[57,18590,170],{"class":169},[57,18592,79],{"class":71},[57,18594,181],{"class":169},[57,18596,15309],{"class":173},[57,18598,170],{"class":169},[57,18600,79],{"class":71},[57,18602,181],{"class":169},[57,18604,18605],{"class":173},"is_verified",[57,18607,170],{"class":169},[57,18609,18293],{"class":71},[57,18611,4141],{"class":1523},[57,18613,316],{"class":71},[57,18615,18616,18618,18620,18623],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18617,102],{"class":101},[57,18619,105],{"class":71},[57,18621,18622],{"class":113},"flags",[57,18624,316],{"class":71},[48,18626,18628],{"className":50,"code":18627,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18629,18630,18675],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18631,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18644,18646,18649,18651,18653,18655,18658,18660,18662,18664,18667,18669,18671,18673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18633,459],{"class":63},[57,18635,68],{"class":67},[57,18637,9398],{"class":1102},[57,18639,620],{"class":71},[57,18641,17513],{"class":113},[57,18643,1949],{"class":71},[57,18645,170],{"class":169},[57,18647,18648],{"class":173},"math",[57,18650,170],{"class":169},[57,18652,79],{"class":71},[57,18654,181],{"class":169},[57,18656,18657],{"class":173},"science",[57,18659,170],{"class":169},[57,18661,79],{"class":71},[57,18663,181],{"class":169},[57,18665,18666],{"class":173},"history",[57,18668,170],{"class":169},[57,18670,18293],{"class":71},[57,18672,4072],{"class":75},[57,18674,316],{"class":71},[57,18676,18677,18679,18681,18683],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18678,102],{"class":101},[57,18680,105],{"class":71},[57,18682,498],{"class":113},[57,18684,316],{"class":71},[20,18686,18687,18688,18690],{},"It is ",[1399,18689,1401],{}," the best choice when:",[30,18692,18693,18696],{},[33,18694,18695],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[33,18697,18698],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[43,18700,18702,18704],{"id":18701},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18703,17448],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18706,18707,18709],{},[15,18708,17448],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[943,18711,443,18713],{"id":18712},"using-fromkeys",[15,18714,17448],{},[48,18716,18718],{"className":50,"code":18717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18719,18720,18765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18721,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18739,18741,18743,18745,18748,18750,18752,18754,18757,18759,18761,18763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18723,14056],{"class":63},[57,18725,68],{"class":67},[57,18727,9398],{"class":1102},[57,18729,620],{"class":71},[57,18731,17513],{"class":113},[57,18733,1949],{"class":71},[57,18735,170],{"class":169},[57,18737,18738],{"class":173},"sound",[57,18740,170],{"class":169},[57,18742,79],{"class":71},[57,18744,181],{"class":169},[57,18746,18747],{"class":173},"music",[57,18749,170],{"class":169},[57,18751,79],{"class":71},[57,18753,181],{"class":169},[57,18755,18756],{"class":173},"notifications",[57,18758,170],{"class":169},[57,18760,18293],{"class":71},[57,18762,4150],{"class":1523},[57,18764,316],{"class":71},[57,18766,18767,18769,18771,18773],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18768,102],{"class":101},[57,18770,105],{"class":71},[57,18772,14115],{"class":113},[57,18774,316],{"class":71},[943,18776,18778],{"id":18777},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[48,18780,18782],{"className":50,"code":18781,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18783,18784,18792,18806,18820,18832,18836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18785,18786,18788,18790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18787,14056],{"class":63},[57,18789,68],{"class":67},[57,18791,11721],{"class":71},[57,18793,18794,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18795,11726],{"class":169},[57,18797,18738],{"class":173},[57,18799,170],{"class":169},[57,18801,270],{"class":71},[57,18803,4150],{"class":1523},[57,18805,11742],{"class":71},[57,18807,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,18809,11726],{"class":169},[57,18811,18747],{"class":173},[57,18813,170],{"class":169},[57,18815,270],{"class":71},[57,18817,4141],{"class":1523},[57,18819,11742],{"class":71},[57,18821,18822,18824,18826,18828,18830],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,18823,11726],{"class":169},[57,18825,18756],{"class":173},[57,18827,170],{"class":169},[57,18829,270],{"class":71},[57,18831,6652],{"class":1523},[57,18833,18834],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,18835,9536],{"class":71},[57,18837,18838,18840,18842,18844],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,18839,102],{"class":101},[57,18841,105],{"class":71},[57,18843,14115],{"class":113},[57,18845,316],{"class":71},[20,18847,18848],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[943,18850,18852],{"id":18851},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[48,18854,18856],{"className":50,"code":18855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18857,18858,18890,18914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18859,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18861,17472],{"class":63},[57,18863,68],{"class":67},[57,18865,72],{"class":71},[57,18867,170],{"class":169},[57,18869,614],{"class":173},[57,18871,170],{"class":169},[57,18873,79],{"class":71},[57,18875,181],{"class":169},[57,18877,4993],{"class":173},[57,18879,170],{"class":169},[57,18881,79],{"class":71},[57,18883,181],{"class":169},[57,18885,9966],{"class":173},[57,18887,170],{"class":169},[57,18889,95],{"class":71},[57,18891,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18893,9393],{"class":63},[57,18895,68],{"class":67},[57,18897,10718],{"class":71},[57,18899,432],{"class":63},[57,18901,270],{"class":71},[57,18903,18435],{"class":71},[57,18905,1963],{"class":1962},[57,18907,18440],{"class":63},[57,18909,1969],{"class":1962},[57,18911,18445],{"class":63},[57,18913,9536],{"class":71},[57,18915,18916,18918,18920,18922],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,18917,102],{"class":101},[57,18919,105],{"class":71},[57,18921,9431],{"class":113},[57,18923,316],{"class":71},[20,18925,18926],{},"Use:",[30,18928,18929,18934,18937],{},[33,18930,18931,18933],{},[15,18932,17448],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[33,18935,18936],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[33,18938,18939],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18941,18942,18943,620],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[614,18944,10964,18945,10968],{"href":14263},[15,18946,15184],{},[43,18948,1829],{"id":1828},[20,18950,14964,18951,620],{},[15,18952,17453],{},[943,18954,18956],{"id":18955},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[48,18958,18960],{"className":50,"code":18959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18961,18962,18995,19018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,18963,18964,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,18965,18966],{"class":63},"d ",[57,18968,68],{"class":67},[57,18970,9398],{"class":1102},[57,18972,620],{"class":71},[57,18974,17513],{"class":113},[57,18976,1949],{"class":71},[57,18978,170],{"class":169},[57,18980,614],{"class":173},[57,18982,170],{"class":169},[57,18984,79],{"class":71},[57,18986,181],{"class":169},[57,18988,4993],{"class":173},[57,18990,170],{"class":169},[57,18992,18293],{"class":71},[57,18994,18227],{"class":71},[57,18996,18997,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,18998,18999],{"class":63},"d",[57,19001,1785],{"class":71},[57,19003,170],{"class":169},[57,19005,614],{"class":173},[57,19007,170],{"class":169},[57,19009,13780],{"class":71},[57,19011,13783],{"class":113},[57,19013,105],{"class":71},[57,19015,3231],{"class":75},[57,19017,316],{"class":71},[57,19019,19020,19022,19024,19026],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,19021,102],{"class":101},[57,19023,105],{"class":71},[57,19025,18999],{"class":113},[57,19027,316],{"class":71},[20,19029,216],{},[48,19031,19033],{"className":50,"code":19032,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,19034,19035],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19036,19037,19039,19041,19043,19045,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19038,9505],{"class":71},[57,19040,3543],{"class":169},[57,19042,614],{"class":173},[57,19044,3543],{"class":169},[57,19046,270],{"class":71},[57,19048,72],{"class":71},[57,19050,3231],{"class":75},[57,19052,18293],{"class":71},[57,19054,3538],{"class":169},[57,19056,4993],{"class":173},[57,19058,3543],{"class":169},[57,19060,270],{"class":71},[57,19062,72],{"class":71},[57,19064,3231],{"class":75},[57,19066,13936],{"class":71},[20,19068,19069],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19071,19072],{},"Use this instead:",[48,19074,19076],{"className":50,"code":19075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19077,19078,19102,19126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19079,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098,19100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19081,17472],{"class":63},[57,19083,68],{"class":67},[57,19085,72],{"class":71},[57,19087,170],{"class":169},[57,19089,614],{"class":173},[57,19091,170],{"class":169},[57,19093,79],{"class":71},[57,19095,181],{"class":169},[57,19097,4993],{"class":173},[57,19099,170],{"class":169},[57,19101,95],{"class":71},[57,19103,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19105,18966],{"class":63},[57,19107,68],{"class":67},[57,19109,10718],{"class":71},[57,19111,432],{"class":63},[57,19113,270],{"class":71},[57,19115,18435],{"class":71},[57,19117,1963],{"class":1962},[57,19119,18440],{"class":63},[57,19121,1969],{"class":1962},[57,19123,18445],{"class":63},[57,19125,9536],{"class":71},[57,19127,19128,19130,19132,19134],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,19129,102],{"class":101},[57,19131,105],{"class":71},[57,19133,18999],{"class":113},[57,19135,316],{"class":71},[943,19137,19139,19140,19142],{"id":19138},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19141,17448],{}," on a list",[20,19144,19145],{},"Wrong idea:",[48,19147,19149],{"className":50,"code":19148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19150,19151,19183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19152,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19154,17472],{"class":63},[57,19156,68],{"class":67},[57,19158,72],{"class":71},[57,19160,170],{"class":169},[57,19162,614],{"class":173},[57,19164,170],{"class":169},[57,19166,79],{"class":71},[57,19168,181],{"class":169},[57,19170,4993],{"class":173},[57,19172,170],{"class":169},[57,19174,79],{"class":71},[57,19176,181],{"class":169},[57,19178,9966],{"class":173},[57,19180,170],{"class":169},[57,19182,95],{"class":71},[57,19184,19185],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19186,19187],{"class":3903},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19189,19190,19192,19193,19195,19196,620],{},[15,19191,17448],{}," belongs to ",[15,19194,9049],{},", not ",[15,19197,8321],{},[20,19199,19200],{},"Correct usage:",[48,19202,19204],{"className":50,"code":19203,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19205,19206,19238,19260],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19207,19208,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19209,17472],{"class":63},[57,19211,68],{"class":67},[57,19213,72],{"class":71},[57,19215,170],{"class":169},[57,19217,614],{"class":173},[57,19219,170],{"class":169},[57,19221,79],{"class":71},[57,19223,181],{"class":169},[57,19225,4993],{"class":173},[57,19227,170],{"class":169},[57,19229,79],{"class":71},[57,19231,181],{"class":169},[57,19233,9966],{"class":173},[57,19235,170],{"class":169},[57,19237,95],{"class":71},[57,19239,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19241,18966],{"class":63},[57,19243,68],{"class":67},[57,19245,9398],{"class":1102},[57,19247,620],{"class":71},[57,19249,17513],{"class":113},[57,19251,105],{"class":71},[57,19253,17153],{"class":113},[57,19255,79],{"class":71},[57,19257,4072],{"class":75},[57,19259,316],{"class":71},[57,19261,19262,19264,19266,19268],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,19263,102],{"class":101},[57,19265,105],{"class":71},[57,19267,18999],{"class":113},[57,19269,316],{"class":71},[943,19271,1848,19273,19275],{"id":19272},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19274,17448],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19277,19278,19280],{},[15,19279,17453],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[48,19282,19284],{"className":50,"code":19283,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19285,19286,19306,19340,19344,19354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19287,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19289,12315],{"class":63},[57,19291,68],{"class":67},[57,19293,10718],{"class":71},[57,19295,170],{"class":169},[57,19297,1956],{"class":173},[57,19299,170],{"class":169},[57,19301,270],{"class":71},[57,19303,5729],{"class":75},[57,19305,9536],{"class":71},[57,19307,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19309,13268],{"class":63},[57,19311,68],{"class":67},[57,19313,9398],{"class":1102},[57,19315,620],{"class":71},[57,19317,17513],{"class":113},[57,19319,1949],{"class":71},[57,19321,170],{"class":169},[57,19323,614],{"class":173},[57,19325,170],{"class":169},[57,19327,79],{"class":71},[57,19329,181],{"class":169},[57,19331,4993],{"class":173},[57,19333,170],{"class":169},[57,19335,18293],{"class":71},[57,19337,4072],{"class":75},[57,19339,316],{"class":71},[57,19341,19342],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,19343,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,19345,19346,19348,19350,19352],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,19347,102],{"class":101},[57,19349,105],{"class":71},[57,19351,12362],{"class":113},[57,19353,316],{"class":71},[57,19355,19356,19358,19360,19363],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,19357,102],{"class":101},[57,19359,105],{"class":71},[57,19361,19362],{"class":113},"new_dict",[57,19364,316],{"class":71},[20,19366,216],{},[48,19368,19370],{"className":50,"code":19369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19371,19372,19388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19373,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19375,9505],{"class":71},[57,19377,3543],{"class":169},[57,19379,1956],{"class":173},[57,19381,3543],{"class":169},[57,19383,270],{"class":71},[57,19385,5729],{"class":75},[57,19387,9536],{"class":71},[57,19389,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19391,9505],{"class":71},[57,19393,3543],{"class":169},[57,19395,614],{"class":173},[57,19397,3543],{"class":169},[57,19399,270],{"class":71},[57,19401,4072],{"class":75},[57,19403,79],{"class":71},[57,19405,3538],{"class":169},[57,19407,4993],{"class":173},[57,19409,3543],{"class":169},[57,19411,270],{"class":71},[57,19413,4072],{"class":75},[57,19415,9536],{"class":71},[20,19417,19418,19419,620],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[614,19420,10964,19421,10968],{"href":14263},[15,19422,15184],{},[943,19424,19426,19427],{"id":19425},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19428,1524],{},[48,19430,19432],{"className":50,"code":19431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19433,19434,19464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19435,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19460,19462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19437,18966],{"class":63},[57,19439,68],{"class":67},[57,19441,9398],{"class":1102},[57,19443,620],{"class":71},[57,19445,17513],{"class":113},[57,19447,1949],{"class":71},[57,19449,170],{"class":169},[57,19451,1956],{"class":173},[57,19453,170],{"class":169},[57,19455,79],{"class":71},[57,19457,181],{"class":169},[57,19459,11974],{"class":173},[57,19461,170],{"class":169},[57,19463,1975],{"class":71},[57,19465,19466,19468,19470,19472],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19467,102],{"class":101},[57,19469,105],{"class":71},[57,19471,18999],{"class":113},[57,19473,316],{"class":71},[20,19475,216],{},[48,19477,19479],{"className":50,"code":19478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19480,19481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19482,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19484,9505],{"class":71},[57,19486,3543],{"class":169},[57,19488,1956],{"class":173},[57,19490,3543],{"class":169},[57,19492,270],{"class":71},[57,19494,4091],{"class":1523},[57,19496,79],{"class":71},[57,19498,3538],{"class":169},[57,19500,11974],{"class":173},[57,19502,3543],{"class":169},[57,19504,270],{"class":71},[57,19506,4091],{"class":1523},[57,19508,9536],{"class":71},[20,19510,19511,19512,620],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19513,1524],{},[43,19515,19517],{"id":19516},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19519,19520,19521,19523],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19522,17448],{}," works.",[48,19525,19527],{"className":50,"code":19526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19528,19529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19530,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19532,102],{"class":101},[57,19534,105],{"class":71},[57,19536,9049],{"class":1102},[57,19538,620],{"class":71},[57,19540,17513],{"class":113},[57,19542,1949],{"class":71},[57,19544,170],{"class":169},[57,19546,614],{"class":173},[57,19548,170],{"class":169},[57,19550,79],{"class":71},[57,19552,181],{"class":169},[57,19554,4993],{"class":173},[57,19556,170],{"class":169},[57,19558,18293],{"class":71},[57,19560,4072],{"class":75},[57,19562,117],{"class":71},[48,19564,19565],{"className":50,"code":19431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,19566,19567,19597],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19568,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19570,18966],{"class":63},[57,19572,68],{"class":67},[57,19574,9398],{"class":1102},[57,19576,620],{"class":71},[57,19578,17513],{"class":113},[57,19580,1949],{"class":71},[57,19582,170],{"class":169},[57,19584,1956],{"class":173},[57,19586,170],{"class":169},[57,19588,79],{"class":71},[57,19590,181],{"class":169},[57,19592,11974],{"class":173},[57,19594,170],{"class":169},[57,19596,1975],{"class":71},[57,19598,19599,19601,19603,19605],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19600,102],{"class":101},[57,19602,105],{"class":71},[57,19604,18999],{"class":113},[57,19606,316],{"class":71},[48,19608,19609],{"className":50,"code":18959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,19610,19611,19643,19665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19612,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19614,18966],{"class":63},[57,19616,68],{"class":67},[57,19618,9398],{"class":1102},[57,19620,620],{"class":71},[57,19622,17513],{"class":113},[57,19624,1949],{"class":71},[57,19626,170],{"class":169},[57,19628,614],{"class":173},[57,19630,170],{"class":169},[57,19632,79],{"class":71},[57,19634,181],{"class":169},[57,19636,4993],{"class":173},[57,19638,170],{"class":169},[57,19640,18293],{"class":71},[57,19642,18227],{"class":71},[57,19644,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19646,18999],{"class":63},[57,19648,1785],{"class":71},[57,19650,170],{"class":169},[57,19652,614],{"class":173},[57,19654,170],{"class":169},[57,19656,13780],{"class":71},[57,19658,13783],{"class":113},[57,19660,105],{"class":71},[57,19662,3231],{"class":75},[57,19664,316],{"class":71},[57,19666,19667,19669,19671,19673],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,19668,102],{"class":101},[57,19670,105],{"class":71},[57,19672,18999],{"class":113},[57,19674,316],{"class":71},[48,19676,19678],{"className":50,"code":19677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19679,19680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19681,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19683,102],{"class":101},[57,19685,105],{"class":71},[57,19687,1886],{"class":1102},[57,19689,105],{"class":71},[57,19691,9049],{"class":1102},[57,19693,620],{"class":71},[57,19695,17513],{"class":113},[57,19697,1949],{"class":71},[57,19699,3231],{"class":75},[57,19701,79],{"class":71},[57,19703,87],{"class":75},[57,19705,79],{"class":71},[57,19707,1793],{"class":75},[57,19709,18293],{"class":71},[57,19711,181],{"class":169},[57,19713,364],{"class":173},[57,19715,170],{"class":169},[57,19717,1225],{"class":71},[43,19719,2011],{"id":2010},[943,19721,12933,19723,19725],{"id":19722},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19724,17448],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19727,19728],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[943,19730,19732],{"id":19731},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19734,19735,19736,620],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19737,1524],{},[943,19739,19741],{"id":19740},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19743,19744],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[943,19746,19748],{"id":19747},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19750,18383],{},[48,19752,19754],{"className":50,"code":19753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19755,19756,19788],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19757,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19759,17472],{"class":63},[57,19761,68],{"class":67},[57,19763,72],{"class":71},[57,19765,170],{"class":169},[57,19767,614],{"class":173},[57,19769,170],{"class":169},[57,19771,79],{"class":71},[57,19773,181],{"class":169},[57,19775,4993],{"class":173},[57,19777,170],{"class":169},[57,19779,79],{"class":71},[57,19781,181],{"class":169},[57,19783,9966],{"class":173},[57,19785,170],{"class":169},[57,19787,95],{"class":71},[57,19789,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19791,9393],{"class":63},[57,19793,68],{"class":67},[57,19795,10718],{"class":71},[57,19797,432],{"class":63},[57,19799,270],{"class":71},[57,19801,18435],{"class":71},[57,19803,1963],{"class":1962},[57,19805,18440],{"class":63},[57,19807,1969],{"class":1962},[57,19809,18445],{"class":63},[57,19811,9536],{"class":71},[43,19813,2135],{"id":2134},[30,19815,19816,19820,19824,19828,19834],{},[33,19817,19818],{},[614,19819,11469],{"href":13256},[33,19821,19822],{},[614,19823,9383],{"href":13253},[33,19825,19826],{},[614,19827,11478],{"href":18134},[33,19829,19830],{},[614,19831,10964,19832,10968],{"href":14263},[15,19833,15184],{},[33,19835,19836],{},[614,19837,10964,19838,10968],{"href":15229},[15,19839,13006],{},[20,19841,1806,19842,19844],{},[15,19843,17453],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2172,19846,19847],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":19849},[19850,19851,19853,19857,19858,19860,19865,19867,19874,19883,19884,19891],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":17553,"depth":98,"text":19852},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17597,"depth":98,"text":17598,"children":19854},[19855,19856],{"id":17624,"depth":120,"text":17625},{"id":17648,"depth":120,"text":17649},{"id":6017,"depth":98,"text":6018},{"id":17809,"depth":98,"text":19859},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18138,"depth":98,"text":18139,"children":19861},[19862,19863,19864],{"id":18168,"depth":120,"text":18169},{"id":18331,"depth":120,"text":18332},{"id":18379,"depth":120,"text":18380},{"id":18543,"depth":98,"text":19866},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18701,"depth":98,"text":19868,"children":19869},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19870,19872,19873],{"id":18712,"depth":120,"text":19871},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18777,"depth":120,"text":18778},{"id":18851,"depth":120,"text":18852},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":19875},[19876,19877,19879,19881],{"id":18955,"depth":120,"text":18956},{"id":19138,"depth":120,"text":19878},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19272,"depth":120,"text":19880},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19425,"depth":120,"text":19882},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19516,"depth":98,"text":19517},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":19885},[19886,19888,19889,19890],{"id":19722,"depth":120,"text":19887},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19731,"depth":120,"text":19732},{"id":19740,"depth":120,"text":19741},{"id":19747,"depth":120,"text":19748},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17440,"description":19892},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19899,"title":19900,"body":19901,"description":21729,"extension":2219,"meta":21730,"navigation":123,"path":21731,"seo":21732,"stem":21733,"__hash__":21734},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19902,"toc":21696},[19903,19908,19914,19925,20055,20062,20067,20071,20087,20089,20187,20189,20206,20210,20212,20217,20255,20258,20276,20278,20396,20401,20405,20421,20424,20560,20563,20568,20574,20577,20614,20617,20621,20626,20702,20706,20711,20793,20795,20811,20816,20820,20826,20895,20898,20915,20918,21000,21005,21008,21028,21032,21037,21043,21049,21120,21123,21129,21132,21206,21213,21219,21227,21237,21239,21334,21340,21345,21432,21438,21440,21445,21467,21470,21565,21568,21599,21612,21614,21622,21628,21634,21637,21643,21648,21655,21660,21662,21693],[10,19904,11545,19906,11549],{"id":19905},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19907,10967],{},[20,19909,19910,19911,19913],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19912,10967],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19915,19916,19917,2441,19920,2646,19922,19924],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19918,19919],{},"KeyError",[15,19921,10967],{},[15,19923,1524],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[48,19926,19928],{"className":50,"code":19927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19929,19930,19966,19970,19996,20021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,19931,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,19933,13435],{"class":63},[57,19935,68],{"class":67},[57,19937,10718],{"class":71},[57,19939,170],{"class":169},[57,19941,7898],{"class":173},[57,19943,170],{"class":169},[57,19945,270],{"class":71},[57,19947,181],{"class":169},[57,19949,13110],{"class":173},[57,19951,170],{"class":169},[57,19953,79],{"class":71},[57,19955,181],{"class":169},[57,19957,9526],{"class":173},[57,19959,170],{"class":169},[57,19961,270],{"class":71},[57,19963,9533],{"class":75},[57,19965,9536],{"class":71},[57,19967,19968],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,19969,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,19971,19972,19974,19976,19978,19980,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,19973,102],{"class":101},[57,19975,105],{"class":71},[57,19977,17537],{"class":113},[57,19979,620],{"class":71},[57,19981,19982],{"class":113},"get",[57,19984,105],{"class":71},[57,19986,170],{"class":169},[57,19988,7898],{"class":173},[57,19990,170],{"class":169},[57,19992,5592],{"class":71},[57,19994,19995],{"class":3903},"           # Ana\n",[57,19997,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,19999,102],{"class":101},[57,20001,105],{"class":71},[57,20003,17537],{"class":113},[57,20005,620],{"class":71},[57,20007,19982],{"class":113},[57,20009,105],{"class":71},[57,20011,170],{"class":169},[57,20013,10636],{"class":173},[57,20015,170],{"class":169},[57,20017,5592],{"class":71},[57,20019,20020],{"class":3903},"           # None\n",[57,20022,20023,20025,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043,20045,20048,20050,20052],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,20024,102],{"class":101},[57,20026,105],{"class":71},[57,20028,17537],{"class":113},[57,20030,620],{"class":71},[57,20032,19982],{"class":113},[57,20034,105],{"class":71},[57,20036,170],{"class":169},[57,20038,10636],{"class":173},[57,20040,170],{"class":169},[57,20042,79],{"class":71},[57,20044,181],{"class":169},[57,20046,20047],{"class":173},"N\u002FA",[57,20049,170],{"class":169},[57,20051,5592],{"class":71},[57,20053,20054],{"class":3903},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,20056,1806,20057,20059,20060,620],{},[15,20058,10967],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,20061,19919],{},[43,20063,262,20065,265],{"id":20064},"what-get-does",[15,20066,10967],{},[20,20068,935,20069,11640],{},[15,20070,10967],{},[30,20072,20073,20076,20081,20084],{},[33,20074,20075],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[33,20077,11651,20078,20080],{},[15,20079,1524],{}," if the key does not exist",[33,20082,20083],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[33,20085,20086],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20088,864],{},[48,20090,20092],{"className":50,"code":20091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20093,20094,20133,20137,20162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20095,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110,20112,20115,20117,20119,20121,20124,20126,20128,20131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20097,13093],{"class":63},[57,20099,68],{"class":67},[57,20101,10718],{"class":71},[57,20103,170],{"class":169},[57,20105,7898],{"class":173},[57,20107,170],{"class":169},[57,20109,270],{"class":71},[57,20111,181],{"class":169},[57,20113,20114],{"class":173},"Lina",[57,20116,170],{"class":169},[57,20118,79],{"class":71},[57,20120,181],{"class":169},[57,20122,20123],{"class":173},"grade",[57,20125,170],{"class":169},[57,20127,270],{"class":71},[57,20129,20130],{"class":75}," 90",[57,20132,9536],{"class":71},[57,20134,20135],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20136,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,20138,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,20140,102],{"class":101},[57,20142,105],{"class":71},[57,20144,13856],{"class":113},[57,20146,620],{"class":71},[57,20148,19982],{"class":113},[57,20150,105],{"class":71},[57,20152,170],{"class":169},[57,20154,7898],{"class":173},[57,20156,170],{"class":169},[57,20158,5592],{"class":71},[57,20160,20161],{"class":3903},"     # Lina\n",[57,20163,20164,20166,20168,20170,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,20165,102],{"class":101},[57,20167,105],{"class":71},[57,20169,13856],{"class":113},[57,20171,620],{"class":71},[57,20173,19982],{"class":113},[57,20175,105],{"class":71},[57,20177,170],{"class":169},[57,20179,15489],{"class":173},[57,20181,170],{"class":169},[57,20183,5592],{"class":71},[57,20185,20186],{"class":3903},"    # None\n",[20,20188,238],{},[30,20190,20191,20196],{},[33,20192,20193,20195],{},[15,20194,15470],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[33,20197,20198,20201,20202,2646,20204],{},[15,20199,20200],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20203,10967],{},[15,20205,1524],{},[20,20207,13250,20208,620],{},[614,20209,9383],{"href":9382},[43,20211,294],{"id":293},[20,20213,20214,20215,270],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20216,10967],{},[48,20218,20220],{"className":50,"code":20219,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20221,20222,20236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20223,20224,20226,20228,20230,20232,20234],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20225,15835],{"class":63},[57,20227,620],{"class":71},[57,20229,19982],{"class":113},[57,20231,105],{"class":71},[57,20233,432],{"class":113},[57,20235,316],{"class":71},[57,20237,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20253],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20239,15835],{"class":63},[57,20241,620],{"class":71},[57,20243,19982],{"class":113},[57,20245,105],{"class":71},[57,20247,432],{"class":113},[57,20249,79],{"class":71},[57,20251,20252],{"class":113}," default_value",[57,20254,316],{"class":71},[20,20256,20257],{},"What each part means:",[30,20259,20260,20265,20271],{},[33,20261,20262,20264],{},[15,20263,432],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[33,20266,20267,20270],{},[15,20268,20269],{},"default_value"," is optional",[33,20272,20273,20274],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20275,1524],{},[20,20277,864],{},[48,20279,20281],{"className":50,"code":20280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20282,20283,20307,20311,20336,20362],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20284,20285,20287,20289,20291,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20286,14056],{"class":63},[57,20288,68],{"class":67},[57,20290,10718],{"class":71},[57,20292,170],{"class":169},[57,20294,12723],{"class":173},[57,20296,170],{"class":169},[57,20298,270],{"class":71},[57,20300,181],{"class":169},[57,20302,12732],{"class":173},[57,20304,170],{"class":169},[57,20306,9536],{"class":71},[57,20308,20309],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20310,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,20312,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,20314,102],{"class":101},[57,20316,105],{"class":71},[57,20318,14115],{"class":113},[57,20320,620],{"class":71},[57,20322,19982],{"class":113},[57,20324,105],{"class":71},[57,20326,170],{"class":169},[57,20328,12723],{"class":173},[57,20330,170],{"class":169},[57,20332,5592],{"class":71},[57,20334,20335],{"class":3903},"            # dark\n",[57,20337,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20355,20357,20359],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,20339,102],{"class":101},[57,20341,105],{"class":71},[57,20343,14115],{"class":113},[57,20345,620],{"class":71},[57,20347,19982],{"class":113},[57,20349,105],{"class":71},[57,20351,170],{"class":169},[57,20353,20354],{"class":173},"language",[57,20356,170],{"class":169},[57,20358,5592],{"class":71},[57,20360,20361],{"class":3903},"         # None\n",[57,20363,20364,20366,20368,20370,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20389,20391,20393],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,20365,102],{"class":101},[57,20367,105],{"class":71},[57,20369,14115],{"class":113},[57,20371,620],{"class":71},[57,20373,19982],{"class":113},[57,20375,105],{"class":71},[57,20377,170],{"class":169},[57,20379,20354],{"class":173},[57,20381,170],{"class":169},[57,20383,79],{"class":71},[57,20385,181],{"class":169},[57,20387,20388],{"class":173},"en",[57,20390,170],{"class":169},[57,20392,5592],{"class":71},[57,20394,20395],{"class":3903},"   # en\n",[43,20397,5194,20399],{"id":20398},"when-to-use-get",[15,20400,10967],{},[20,20402,1806,20403,10828],{},[15,20404,10967],{},[30,20406,20407,20410,20415,20418],{},[33,20408,20409],{},"A key might not exist",[33,20411,20412,20413],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20414,19919],{},[33,20416,20417],{},"You are reading optional data",[33,20419,20420],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20422,20423],{},"Example with optional user data:",[48,20425,20427],{"className":50,"code":20426,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20428,20429,20471,20475,20500,20526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20430,20431,20433,20435,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20467,20469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20432,11716],{"class":63},[57,20434,68],{"class":67},[57,20436,10718],{"class":71},[57,20438,170],{"class":169},[57,20440,8212],{"class":173},[57,20442,170],{"class":169},[57,20444,270],{"class":71},[57,20446,181],{"class":169},[57,20448,20449],{"class":173},"sam",[57,20451,170],{"class":169},[57,20453,79],{"class":71},[57,20455,181],{"class":169},[57,20457,15489],{"class":173},[57,20459,170],{"class":169},[57,20461,270],{"class":71},[57,20463,181],{"class":169},[57,20465,20466],{"class":173},"sam@example.com",[57,20468,170],{"class":169},[57,20470,9536],{"class":71},[57,20472,20473],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20474,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,20476,20477,20479,20481,20483,20485,20487,20489,20491,20493,20495,20497],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,20478,102],{"class":101},[57,20480,105],{"class":71},[57,20482,11810],{"class":113},[57,20484,620],{"class":71},[57,20486,19982],{"class":113},[57,20488,105],{"class":71},[57,20490,170],{"class":169},[57,20492,8212],{"class":173},[57,20494,170],{"class":169},[57,20496,5592],{"class":71},[57,20498,20499],{"class":3903},"              # sam\n",[57,20501,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20519,20521,20523],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,20503,102],{"class":101},[57,20505,105],{"class":71},[57,20507,11810],{"class":113},[57,20509,620],{"class":71},[57,20511,19982],{"class":113},[57,20513,105],{"class":71},[57,20515,170],{"class":169},[57,20517,20518],{"class":173},"phone",[57,20520,170],{"class":169},[57,20522,5592],{"class":71},[57,20524,20525],{"class":3903},"                 # None\n",[57,20527,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20553,20555,20557],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,20529,102],{"class":101},[57,20531,105],{"class":71},[57,20533,11810],{"class":113},[57,20535,620],{"class":71},[57,20537,19982],{"class":113},[57,20539,105],{"class":71},[57,20541,170],{"class":169},[57,20543,20518],{"class":173},[57,20545,170],{"class":169},[57,20547,79],{"class":71},[57,20549,181],{"class":169},[57,20551,20552],{"class":173},"Not provided",[57,20554,170],{"class":169},[57,20556,5592],{"class":71},[57,20558,20559],{"class":3903}," # Not provided\n",[20,20561,20562],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20564,20565,20566,620],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[614,20567,16827],{"href":16826},[43,20569,20571,20573],{"id":20570},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20572,10967],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20575,20576],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[48,20578,20580],{"className":50,"code":20579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20581,20582,20596],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20583,20584,20586,20588,20590,20592,20594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20585,9431],{"class":63},[57,20587,1785],{"class":71},[57,20589,170],{"class":169},[57,20591,432],{"class":173},[57,20593,170],{"class":169},[57,20595,95],{"class":71},[57,20597,20598,20600,20602,20604,20606,20608,20610,20612],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20599,9431],{"class":63},[57,20601,620],{"class":71},[57,20603,19982],{"class":113},[57,20605,105],{"class":71},[57,20607,170],{"class":169},[57,20609,432],{"class":173},[57,20611,170],{"class":169},[57,20613,316],{"class":71},[20,20615,20616],{},"The difference is important.",[943,20618,20620],{"id":20619},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20622,20623,20624,620],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20625,19919],{},[48,20627,20629],{"className":50,"code":20628,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20630,20631,20655,20659,20681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20632,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20634,9393],{"class":63},[57,20636,68],{"class":67},[57,20638,10718],{"class":71},[57,20640,170],{"class":169},[57,20642,7898],{"class":173},[57,20644,170],{"class":169},[57,20646,270],{"class":71},[57,20648,181],{"class":169},[57,20650,13110],{"class":173},[57,20652,170],{"class":169},[57,20654,9536],{"class":71},[57,20656,20657],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20658,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,20660,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20678],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,20662,102],{"class":101},[57,20664,105],{"class":71},[57,20666,9431],{"class":113},[57,20668,1785],{"class":71},[57,20670,170],{"class":169},[57,20672,7898],{"class":173},[57,20674,170],{"class":169},[57,20676,20677],{"class":71},"])",[57,20679,20680],{"class":3903},"   # Ana\n",[57,20682,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697,20699],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,20684,102],{"class":101},[57,20686,105],{"class":71},[57,20688,9431],{"class":113},[57,20690,1785],{"class":71},[57,20692,170],{"class":169},[57,20694,10636],{"class":173},[57,20696,170],{"class":169},[57,20698,20677],{"class":71},[57,20700,20701],{"class":3903},"   # KeyError\n",[943,20703,20704],{"id":19982},[15,20705,10967],{},[20,20707,20708,20710],{},[15,20709,10967],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[48,20712,20714],{"className":50,"code":20713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20715,20716,20740,20744,20768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20717,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20719,9393],{"class":63},[57,20721,68],{"class":67},[57,20723,10718],{"class":71},[57,20725,170],{"class":169},[57,20727,7898],{"class":173},[57,20729,170],{"class":169},[57,20731,270],{"class":71},[57,20733,181],{"class":169},[57,20735,13110],{"class":173},[57,20737,170],{"class":169},[57,20739,9536],{"class":71},[57,20741,20742],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20743,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,20745,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,20747,102],{"class":101},[57,20749,105],{"class":71},[57,20751,9431],{"class":113},[57,20753,620],{"class":71},[57,20755,19982],{"class":113},[57,20757,105],{"class":71},[57,20759,170],{"class":169},[57,20761,7898],{"class":173},[57,20763,170],{"class":169},[57,20765,5592],{"class":71},[57,20767,20680],{"class":3903},[57,20769,20770,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,20771,102],{"class":101},[57,20773,105],{"class":71},[57,20775,9431],{"class":113},[57,20777,620],{"class":71},[57,20779,19982],{"class":113},[57,20781,105],{"class":71},[57,20783,170],{"class":169},[57,20785,10636],{"class":173},[57,20787,170],{"class":169},[57,20789,5592],{"class":71},[57,20791,20792],{"class":3903},"   # None\n",[20,20794,18926],{},[30,20796,20797,20803],{},[33,20798,20799,20800],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[1399,20801,20802],{},"must exist",[33,20804,20805,20807,20808],{},[15,20806,10967],{}," when the key is ",[1399,20809,20810],{},"optional",[20,20812,20813,20814,620],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[614,20815,11489],{"href":11302},[43,20817,20819],{"id":20818},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20821,20822,20823,20825],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20824,10967],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[48,20827,20829],{"className":50,"code":20828,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20830,20831,20856,20860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20832,20833,20836,20838,20840,20842,20844,20846,20848,20850,20852,20854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20834,20835],{"class":63},"profile ",[57,20837,68],{"class":67},[57,20839,10718],{"class":71},[57,20841,170],{"class":169},[57,20843,7898],{"class":173},[57,20845,170],{"class":169},[57,20847,270],{"class":71},[57,20849,181],{"class":169},[57,20851,8148],{"class":173},[57,20853,170],{"class":169},[57,20855,9536],{"class":71},[57,20857,20858],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20859,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,20861,20862,20864,20866,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20888,20890,20892],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,20863,102],{"class":101},[57,20865,105],{"class":71},[57,20867,20868],{"class":113},"profile",[57,20870,620],{"class":71},[57,20872,19982],{"class":113},[57,20874,105],{"class":71},[57,20876,170],{"class":169},[57,20878,15492],{"class":173},[57,20880,170],{"class":169},[57,20882,79],{"class":71},[57,20884,181],{"class":169},[57,20886,20887],{"class":173},"Unknown",[57,20889,170],{"class":169},[57,20891,5592],{"class":71},[57,20893,20894],{"class":3903},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20896,20897],{},"This is useful for display text:",[30,20899,20900,20905,20910],{},[33,20901,20902],{},[15,20903,20904],{},"\"Unknown\"",[33,20906,20907],{},[15,20908,20909],{},"\"Not set\"",[33,20911,20912],{},[15,20913,20914],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20916,20917],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[48,20919,20921],{"className":50,"code":20920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20922,20923,20955,20959,20986],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,20924,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20951,20953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,20926,459],{"class":63},[57,20928,68],{"class":67},[57,20930,10718],{"class":71},[57,20932,170],{"class":169},[57,20934,18648],{"class":173},[57,20936,170],{"class":169},[57,20938,270],{"class":71},[57,20940,6234],{"class":75},[57,20942,79],{"class":71},[57,20944,181],{"class":169},[57,20946,18657],{"class":173},[57,20948,170],{"class":169},[57,20950,270],{"class":71},[57,20952,82],{"class":75},[57,20954,9536],{"class":71},[57,20956,20957],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,20958,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,20960,20961,20964,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,20962,20963],{"class":63},"total_history ",[57,20965,68],{"class":67},[57,20967,5343],{"class":63},[57,20969,620],{"class":71},[57,20971,19982],{"class":113},[57,20973,105],{"class":71},[57,20975,170],{"class":169},[57,20977,18666],{"class":173},[57,20979,170],{"class":169},[57,20981,79],{"class":71},[57,20983,4072],{"class":75},[57,20985,316],{"class":71},[57,20987,20988,20990,20992,20995,20997],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,20989,102],{"class":101},[57,20991,105],{"class":71},[57,20993,20994],{"class":113},"total_history",[57,20996,1959],{"class":71},[57,20998,20999],{"class":3903},"   # 0\n",[20,21001,1023,21002,21004],{},[15,21003,1294],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,21006,21007],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[30,21009,21010,21013,21018,21023],{},[33,21011,21012],{},"Use a string for text",[33,21014,1806,21015,21017],{},[15,21016,1294],{}," for numbers",[33,21019,1806,21020,21022],{},[15,21021,4025],{}," for lists if needed",[33,21024,1806,21025,21027],{},[15,21026,4030],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[43,21029,21031],{"id":21030},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,21033,21034,21035,620],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,21036,10967],{},[943,21038,21040,21042],{"id":21039},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,21041,10967],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,21044,21045,21046,21048],{},"This code does ",[1399,21047,1401],{}," create a new key:",[48,21050,21052],{"className":50,"code":21051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,21053,21054,21078,21082,21107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21055,21056,21058,21060,21062,21064,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21057,13435],{"class":63},[57,21059,68],{"class":67},[57,21061,10718],{"class":71},[57,21063,170],{"class":169},[57,21065,7898],{"class":173},[57,21067,170],{"class":169},[57,21069,270],{"class":71},[57,21071,181],{"class":169},[57,21073,13110],{"class":173},[57,21075,170],{"class":169},[57,21077,9536],{"class":71},[57,21079,21080],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21081,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,21083,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,21085,102],{"class":101},[57,21087,105],{"class":71},[57,21089,17537],{"class":113},[57,21091,620],{"class":71},[57,21093,19982],{"class":113},[57,21095,105],{"class":71},[57,21097,170],{"class":169},[57,21099,10636],{"class":173},[57,21101,170],{"class":169},[57,21103,5592],{"class":71},[57,21105,21106],{"class":3903},"  # None\n",[57,21108,21109,21111,21113,21115,21117],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,21110,102],{"class":101},[57,21112,105],{"class":71},[57,21114,17537],{"class":113},[57,21116,1959],{"class":71},[57,21118,21119],{"class":3903},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21121,21122],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[943,21124,21126,21128],{"id":21125},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21127,10967],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21130,21131],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[48,21133,21135],{"className":50,"code":21134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21136,21137,21163,21167,21193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21138,21139,21141,21143,21145,21147,21150,21152,21154,21156,21159,21161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21140,14056],{"class":63},[57,21142,68],{"class":67},[57,21144,10718],{"class":71},[57,21146,170],{"class":169},[57,21148,21149],{"class":173},"mode",[57,21151,170],{"class":169},[57,21153,270],{"class":71},[57,21155,181],{"class":169},[57,21157,21158],{"class":173},"light",[57,21160,170],{"class":169},[57,21162,9536],{"class":71},[57,21164,21165],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21166,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,21168,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,21170,14115],{"class":63},[57,21172,620],{"class":71},[57,21174,19982],{"class":113},[57,21176,105],{"class":71},[57,21178,170],{"class":169},[57,21180,12723],{"class":173},[57,21182,170],{"class":169},[57,21184,79],{"class":71},[57,21186,181],{"class":169},[57,21188,12732],{"class":173},[57,21190,170],{"class":169},[57,21192,316],{"class":71},[57,21194,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,21196,102],{"class":101},[57,21198,105],{"class":71},[57,21200,14115],{"class":113},[57,21202,1959],{"class":71},[57,21204,21205],{"class":3903},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21207,21208,21209,21212],{},"Even though ",[15,21210,21211],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[943,21214,21216,21217],{"id":21215},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21218,1524],{},[20,21220,21221,21222,2646,21224,21226],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21223,10967],{},[15,21225,1524],{}," because:",[30,21228,21229,21232],{},[33,21230,21231],{},"The key is missing, or",[33,21233,21234,21235],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21236,1524],{},[20,21238,864],{},[48,21240,21242],{"className":50,"code":21241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21243,21244,21281,21285,21309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21245,21246,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268,21270,21273,21275,21277,21279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21247,9393],{"class":63},[57,21249,68],{"class":67},[57,21251,10718],{"class":71},[57,21253,170],{"class":169},[57,21255,7898],{"class":173},[57,21257,170],{"class":169},[57,21259,270],{"class":71},[57,21261,181],{"class":169},[57,21263,13110],{"class":173},[57,21265,170],{"class":169},[57,21267,79],{"class":71},[57,21269,181],{"class":169},[57,21271,21272],{"class":173},"nickname",[57,21274,170],{"class":169},[57,21276,270],{"class":71},[57,21278,4091],{"class":1523},[57,21280,9536],{"class":71},[57,21282,21283],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21284,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,21286,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,21288,102],{"class":101},[57,21290,105],{"class":71},[57,21292,9431],{"class":113},[57,21294,620],{"class":71},[57,21296,19982],{"class":113},[57,21298,105],{"class":71},[57,21300,170],{"class":169},[57,21302,21272],{"class":173},[57,21304,170],{"class":169},[57,21306,5592],{"class":71},[57,21308,21106],{"class":3903},[57,21310,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,21312,102],{"class":101},[57,21314,105],{"class":71},[57,21316,9431],{"class":113},[57,21318,620],{"class":71},[57,21320,19982],{"class":113},[57,21322,105],{"class":71},[57,21324,170],{"class":169},[57,21326,10636],{"class":173},[57,21328,170],{"class":169},[57,21330,5592],{"class":71},[57,21332,21333],{"class":3903},"      # None\n",[20,21335,21336,21337,21339],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21338,1524],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21341,21342,21343,270],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21344,1969],{},[48,21346,21348],{"className":50,"code":21347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21349,21350,21386,21390,21411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21351,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21353,9393],{"class":63},[57,21355,68],{"class":67},[57,21357,10718],{"class":71},[57,21359,170],{"class":169},[57,21361,7898],{"class":173},[57,21363,170],{"class":169},[57,21365,270],{"class":71},[57,21367,181],{"class":169},[57,21369,13110],{"class":173},[57,21371,170],{"class":169},[57,21373,79],{"class":71},[57,21375,181],{"class":169},[57,21377,21272],{"class":173},[57,21379,170],{"class":169},[57,21381,270],{"class":71},[57,21383,4091],{"class":1523},[57,21385,9536],{"class":71},[57,21387,21388],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21389,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,21391,21392,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21405,21407,21409],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,21393,102],{"class":101},[57,21395,105],{"class":71},[57,21397,170],{"class":169},[57,21399,21272],{"class":173},[57,21401,170],{"class":169},[57,21403,21404],{"class":1962}," in",[57,21406,14797],{"class":113},[57,21408,1959],{"class":71},[57,21410,3904],{"class":3903},[57,21412,21413,21415,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427,21429],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,21414,102],{"class":101},[57,21416,105],{"class":71},[57,21418,170],{"class":169},[57,21420,10636],{"class":173},[57,21422,170],{"class":169},[57,21424,21404],{"class":1962},[57,21426,14797],{"class":113},[57,21428,1959],{"class":71},[57,21430,21431],{"class":3903},"      # False\n",[20,21433,21434,21435,620],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[614,21436,21437],{"href":17383},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[43,21439,1829],{"id":1828},[20,21441,21442,21443,270],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21444,10967],{},[30,21446,21447,21452,21459,21464],{},[33,21448,21449,21450],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21451,19919],{},[33,21453,4936,21454,2646,21456,21458],{},[15,21455,10967],{},[15,21457,1524],{}," if no default is provided",[33,21460,4812,21461,21463],{},[15,21462,10967],{}," creates a key automatically",[33,21465,21466],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21468,21469],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[48,21471,21473],{"className":50,"code":21472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21474,21475,21485,21499,21517,21539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21476,21477,21479,21481,21483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21478,102],{"class":101},[57,21480,105],{"class":71},[57,21482,11677],{"class":113},[57,21484,316],{"class":71},[57,21486,21487,21489,21491,21493,21495,21497],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21488,102],{"class":101},[57,21490,105],{"class":71},[57,21492,11677],{"class":113},[57,21494,620],{"class":71},[57,21496,17153],{"class":113},[57,21498,1671],{"class":71},[57,21500,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509,21511,21513,21515],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,21502,102],{"class":101},[57,21504,105],{"class":71},[57,21506,3543],{"class":169},[57,21508,7898],{"class":173},[57,21510,3543],{"class":169},[57,21512,21404],{"class":1962},[57,21514,11995],{"class":113},[57,21516,316],{"class":71},[57,21518,21519,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529,21531,21533,21535,21537],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,21520,102],{"class":101},[57,21522,105],{"class":71},[57,21524,11677],{"class":113},[57,21526,620],{"class":71},[57,21528,19982],{"class":113},[57,21530,105],{"class":71},[57,21532,3543],{"class":169},[57,21534,7898],{"class":173},[57,21536,3543],{"class":169},[57,21538,117],{"class":71},[57,21540,21541,21543,21545,21547,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,21542,102],{"class":101},[57,21544,105],{"class":71},[57,21546,1886],{"class":1102},[57,21548,105],{"class":71},[57,21550,11677],{"class":113},[57,21552,620],{"class":71},[57,21554,19982],{"class":113},[57,21556,105],{"class":71},[57,21558,3543],{"class":169},[57,21560,7898],{"class":173},[57,21562,3543],{"class":169},[57,21564,1225],{"class":71},[20,21566,21567],{},"What these checks tell you:",[30,21569,21570,21575,21581,21587,21593],{},[33,21571,21572,21574],{},[15,21573,12908],{}," shows the full dictionary",[33,21576,21577,21580],{},[15,21578,21579],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[33,21582,21583,21586],{},[15,21584,21585],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[33,21588,21589,21592],{},[15,21590,21591],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[33,21594,21595,21598],{},[15,21596,21597],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21600,21601,21602,1242,21607,21611],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[614,21603,21604,21605,10968],{"href":17292},"the dictionary ",[15,21606,17295],{},[614,21608,21604,21609,10968],{"href":17305},[15,21610,17308],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[43,21613,2011],{"id":2010},[943,21615,12933,21617,21619,21620,2053],{"id":21616},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21618,10967],{}," raise ",[15,21621,19919],{},[20,21623,21624,21625,21627],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21626,1524],{}," or the default value you provide.",[943,21629,12933,21631,21633],{"id":21630},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21632,10967],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21635,21636],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[943,21638,21640,21641,2053],{"id":21639},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21642,10967],{},[20,21644,21645,21647],{},[15,21646,1524],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[943,21649,21651,21652,21654],{"id":21650},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21653,10967],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21656,1806,21657,21659],{},[15,21658,10967],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[43,21661,2135],{"id":2134},[30,21663,21664,21668,21674,21680,21684,21689],{},[33,21665,21666],{},[614,21667,9383],{"href":9382},[33,21669,21670],{},[614,21671,10964,21672,10968],{"href":17292},[15,21673,17295],{},[33,21675,21676],{},[614,21677,10964,21678,10968],{"href":17305},[15,21679,17308],{},[33,21681,21682],{},[614,21683,17384],{"href":17383},[33,21685,21686],{},[614,21687,21688],{"href":16826},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[33,21690,21691],{},[614,21692,11489],{"href":11302},[2172,21694,21695],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":21697},[21698,21700,21701,21703,21708,21709,21717,21718,21728],{"id":20064,"depth":98,"text":21699},"What get() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":20398,"depth":98,"text":21702},"When to use get()",{"id":20570,"depth":98,"text":21704,"children":21705},"get() vs square brackets",[21706,21707],{"id":20619,"depth":120,"text":20620},{"id":19982,"depth":120,"text":10967},{"id":20818,"depth":98,"text":20819},{"id":21030,"depth":98,"text":21031,"children":21710},[21711,21713,21715],{"id":21039,"depth":120,"text":21712},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21125,"depth":120,"text":21714},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21215,"depth":120,"text":21716},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":21719},[21720,21722,21724,21726],{"id":21616,"depth":120,"text":21721},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21630,"depth":120,"text":21723},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21639,"depth":120,"text":21725},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21650,"depth":120,"text":21727},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19900,"description":21729},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21736,"title":21737,"body":21738,"description":24294,"extension":2219,"meta":24295,"navigation":123,"path":24296,"seo":24297,"stem":24298,"__hash__":24299},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21739,"toc":24260},[21740,21745,21751,21757,21759,21840,21844,21861,21866,21871,21876,21878,21892,21894,21957,21961,22001,22009,22011,22013,22028,22031,22044,22046,22125,22129,22195,22197,22201,22209,22211,22222,22224,22334,22338,22417,22423,22429,22434,22547,22551,22583,22586,22693,22699,22706,22710,22713,22816,22820,22881,22884,22887,22898,22907,22910,22927,22929,23028,23032,23107,23110,23133,23138,23143,23160,23162,23283,23287,23321,23323,23328,23335,23345,23347,23425,23428,23499,23509,23512,23544,23547,23586,23592,23599,23602,23693,23697,23778,23784,23787,23790,23895,23898,23901,24023,24027,24030,24097,24101,24138,24144,24146,24152,24157,24163,24170,24176,24179,24218,24224,24227,24229,24257],[10,21741,11545,21743,11549],{"id":21742},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21744,17308],{},[20,21746,935,21747,21750],{},[15,21748,21749],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21752,21753,21754,21756],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21755,17308],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[43,21758,46],{"id":45},[48,21760,21762],{"className":50,"code":21761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21763,21764,21800,21804,21826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21765,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21767,13435],{"class":63},[57,21769,68],{"class":67},[57,21771,10718],{"class":71},[57,21773,170],{"class":169},[57,21775,7898],{"class":173},[57,21777,170],{"class":169},[57,21779,270],{"class":71},[57,21781,181],{"class":169},[57,21783,13110],{"class":173},[57,21785,170],{"class":169},[57,21787,79],{"class":71},[57,21789,181],{"class":169},[57,21791,9526],{"class":173},[57,21793,170],{"class":169},[57,21795,270],{"class":71},[57,21797,9533],{"class":75},[57,21799,9536],{"class":71},[57,21801,21802],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21803,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,21805,21806,21808,21810,21812,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,21807,6189],{"class":1962},[57,21809,335],{"class":63},[57,21811,79],{"class":71},[57,21813,21814],{"class":63}," value ",[57,21816,1969],{"class":1962},[57,21818,13478],{"class":63},[57,21820,620],{"class":71},[57,21822,1199],{"class":113},[57,21824,21825],{"class":71},"():\n",[57,21827,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,21829,8296],{"class":101},[57,21831,105],{"class":71},[57,21833,432],{"class":113},[57,21835,79],{"class":71},[57,21837,8661],{"class":113},[57,21839,316],{"class":71},[20,21841,21842],{},[1399,21843,216],{},[48,21845,21847],{"className":50,"code":21846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21848,21849,21854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21850,21851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21852,21853],{"class":63},"name Ana\n",[57,21855,21856,21859],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21857,21858],{"class":63},"age ",[57,21860,2954],{"class":75},[20,21862,1806,21863,21865],{},[15,21864,17308],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[43,21867,262,21869,265],{"id":21868},"what-items-does",[15,21870,17308],{},[20,21872,21873,21875],{},[15,21874,17308],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21877,11686],{},[30,21879,21880,21886,21889],{},[33,21881,21882,21883],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21884,21885],{},"(key, value)",[33,21887,21888],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[33,21890,21891],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21893,864],{},[48,21895,21897],{"className":50,"code":21896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21898,21899,21935,21939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21900,21901,21903,21905,21907,21909,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21902,13435],{"class":63},[57,21904,68],{"class":67},[57,21906,10718],{"class":71},[57,21908,170],{"class":169},[57,21910,7898],{"class":173},[57,21912,170],{"class":169},[57,21914,270],{"class":71},[57,21916,181],{"class":169},[57,21918,13110],{"class":173},[57,21920,170],{"class":169},[57,21922,79],{"class":71},[57,21924,181],{"class":169},[57,21926,9526],{"class":173},[57,21928,170],{"class":169},[57,21930,270],{"class":71},[57,21932,9533],{"class":75},[57,21934,9536],{"class":71},[57,21936,21937],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,21938,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,21940,21941,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,21942,102],{"class":101},[57,21944,105],{"class":71},[57,21946,8321],{"class":1102},[57,21948,105],{"class":71},[57,21950,17537],{"class":113},[57,21952,620],{"class":71},[57,21954,1199],{"class":113},[57,21956,6520],{"class":71},[20,21958,21959],{},[1399,21960,216],{},[48,21962,21964],{"className":50,"code":21963,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21965,21966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,21967,21968,21971,21973,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,21969,21970],{"class":71},"[(",[57,21972,3543],{"class":169},[57,21974,7898],{"class":173},[57,21976,3543],{"class":169},[57,21978,79],{"class":71},[57,21980,3538],{"class":169},[57,21982,13110],{"class":173},[57,21984,3543],{"class":169},[57,21986,9460],{"class":71},[57,21988,9463],{"class":71},[57,21990,3543],{"class":169},[57,21992,9526],{"class":173},[57,21994,3543],{"class":169},[57,21996,79],{"class":71},[57,21998,9533],{"class":75},[57,22000,9476],{"class":71},[20,22002,22003,22004,3122,22006,620],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[614,22005,9383],{"href":13253},[614,22007,15255],{"href":22008},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[43,22010,294],{"id":293},[20,22012,5665],{},[48,22014,22016],{"className":50,"code":22015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,22017,22018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22019,22020,22022,22024,22026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22021,11677],{"class":63},[57,22023,620],{"class":71},[57,22025,1199],{"class":113},[57,22027,8870],{"class":71},[20,22029,22030],{},"Things to remember:",[30,22032,22033,22038,22041],{},[33,22034,22035,22037],{},[15,22036,17308],{}," does not take any arguments",[33,22039,22040],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[33,22042,22043],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,22045,864],{},[48,22047,22049],{"className":50,"code":22048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,22050,22051,22083,22087,22101,22105,22115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22052,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22054,459],{"class":63},[57,22056,68],{"class":67},[57,22058,10718],{"class":71},[57,22060,170],{"class":169},[57,22062,5237],{"class":173},[57,22064,170],{"class":169},[57,22066,270],{"class":71},[57,22068,20130],{"class":75},[57,22070,79],{"class":71},[57,22072,181],{"class":169},[57,22074,5246],{"class":173},[57,22076,170],{"class":169},[57,22078,270],{"class":71},[57,22080,476],{"class":75},[57,22082,9536],{"class":71},[57,22084,22085],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22086,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22088,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,22090,1336],{"class":63},[57,22092,68],{"class":67},[57,22094,5343],{"class":63},[57,22096,620],{"class":71},[57,22098,1199],{"class":113},[57,22100,8870],{"class":71},[57,22102,22103],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,22104,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22106,22107,22109,22111,22113],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,22108,102],{"class":101},[57,22110,105],{"class":71},[57,22112,1368],{"class":113},[57,22114,316],{"class":71},[57,22116,22117,22119,22121,22123],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,22118,102],{"class":101},[57,22120,105],{"class":71},[57,22122,498],{"class":113},[57,22124,316],{"class":71},[20,22126,22127],{},[1399,22128,216],{},[48,22130,22132],{"className":50,"code":22131,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22133,22134,22167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22135,22136,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149,22151,22153,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22137,22138],{"class":113},"dict_items",[57,22140,9885],{"class":71},[57,22142,3543],{"class":169},[57,22144,5237],{"class":173},[57,22146,3543],{"class":169},[57,22148,79],{"class":71},[57,22150,20130],{"class":75},[57,22152,9460],{"class":71},[57,22154,9463],{"class":71},[57,22156,3543],{"class":169},[57,22158,5246],{"class":173},[57,22160,3543],{"class":169},[57,22162,79],{"class":71},[57,22164,476],{"class":75},[57,22166,10906],{"class":71},[57,22168,22169,22171,22173,22175,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22170,9505],{"class":71},[57,22172,3543],{"class":169},[57,22174,5237],{"class":173},[57,22176,3543],{"class":169},[57,22178,270],{"class":71},[57,22180,20130],{"class":75},[57,22182,79],{"class":71},[57,22184,3538],{"class":169},[57,22186,5246],{"class":173},[57,22188,3543],{"class":169},[57,22190,270],{"class":71},[57,22192,476],{"class":75},[57,22194,9536],{"class":71},[20,22196,21122],{},[43,22198,22200],{"id":22199},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22202,22203,22205,22206,22208],{},[15,22204,17308],{}," returns a ",[15,22207,22138],{}," view object.",[20,22210,2360],{},[30,22212,22213,22216,22219],{},[33,22214,22215],{},"You can loop over it",[33,22217,22218],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[33,22220,22221],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22223,864],{},[48,22225,22227],{"className":50,"code":22226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22228,22229,22261,22275,22279,22293,22297,22316,22320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22230,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245,22247,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22232,9393],{"class":63},[57,22234,68],{"class":67},[57,22236,10718],{"class":71},[57,22238,170],{"class":169},[57,22240,1956],{"class":173},[57,22242,170],{"class":169},[57,22244,270],{"class":71},[57,22246,5729],{"class":75},[57,22248,79],{"class":71},[57,22250,181],{"class":169},[57,22252,11974],{"class":173},[57,22254,170],{"class":169},[57,22256,270],{"class":71},[57,22258,87],{"class":75},[57,22260,9536],{"class":71},[57,22262,22263,22265,22267,22269,22271,22273],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22264,9442],{"class":63},[57,22266,68],{"class":67},[57,22268,14797],{"class":63},[57,22270,620],{"class":71},[57,22272,1199],{"class":113},[57,22274,8870],{"class":71},[57,22276,22277],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,22278,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22280,22281,22283,22285,22287,22289,22291],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,22282,102],{"class":101},[57,22284,105],{"class":71},[57,22286,8321],{"class":1102},[57,22288,105],{"class":71},[57,22290,9489],{"class":113},[57,22292,117],{"class":71},[57,22294,22295],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,22296,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22298,22299,22301,22303,22305,22308,22310,22312,22314],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,22300,9431],{"class":63},[57,22302,1785],{"class":71},[57,22304,170],{"class":169},[57,22306,22307],{"class":173},"z",[57,22309,170],{"class":169},[57,22311,13504],{"class":71},[57,22313,13507],{"class":67},[57,22315,2823],{"class":75},[57,22317,22318],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,22319,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22321,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,22323,102],{"class":101},[57,22325,105],{"class":71},[57,22327,8321],{"class":1102},[57,22329,105],{"class":71},[57,22331,9489],{"class":113},[57,22333,117],{"class":71},[20,22335,22336],{},[1399,22337,216],{},[48,22339,22341],{"className":50,"code":22340,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22342,22343,22373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22344,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22346,21970],{"class":71},[57,22348,3543],{"class":169},[57,22350,1956],{"class":173},[57,22352,3543],{"class":169},[57,22354,79],{"class":71},[57,22356,5729],{"class":75},[57,22358,9460],{"class":71},[57,22360,9463],{"class":71},[57,22362,3543],{"class":169},[57,22364,11974],{"class":173},[57,22366,3543],{"class":169},[57,22368,79],{"class":71},[57,22370,87],{"class":75},[57,22372,9476],{"class":71},[57,22374,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22376,21970],{"class":71},[57,22378,3543],{"class":169},[57,22380,1956],{"class":173},[57,22382,3543],{"class":169},[57,22384,79],{"class":71},[57,22386,5729],{"class":75},[57,22388,9460],{"class":71},[57,22390,9463],{"class":71},[57,22392,3543],{"class":169},[57,22394,11974],{"class":173},[57,22396,3543],{"class":169},[57,22398,79],{"class":71},[57,22400,87],{"class":75},[57,22402,9460],{"class":71},[57,22404,9463],{"class":71},[57,22406,3543],{"class":169},[57,22408,22307],{"class":173},[57,22410,3543],{"class":169},[57,22412,79],{"class":71},[57,22414,1793],{"class":75},[57,22416,9476],{"class":71},[20,22418,22419,22420,22422],{},"This happens because ",[15,22421,9489],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[43,22424,22426,22427],{"id":22425},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22428,17308],{},[20,22430,22431,22432,270],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22433,17308],{},[48,22435,22437],{"className":50,"code":22436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22438,22439,22492,22496,22516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22440,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22442,13093],{"class":63},[57,22444,68],{"class":67},[57,22446,10718],{"class":71},[57,22448,170],{"class":169},[57,22450,7898],{"class":173},[57,22452,170],{"class":169},[57,22454,270],{"class":71},[57,22456,181],{"class":169},[57,22458,8148],{"class":173},[57,22460,170],{"class":169},[57,22462,79],{"class":71},[57,22464,181],{"class":169},[57,22466,20123],{"class":173},[57,22468,170],{"class":169},[57,22470,270],{"class":71},[57,22472,181],{"class":169},[57,22474,22475],{"class":173},"A",[57,22477,170],{"class":169},[57,22479,79],{"class":71},[57,22481,181],{"class":169},[57,22483,9526],{"class":173},[57,22485,170],{"class":169},[57,22487,270],{"class":71},[57,22489,14088],{"class":75},[57,22491,9536],{"class":71},[57,22493,22494],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22495,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22497,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,22499,6189],{"class":1962},[57,22501,335],{"class":63},[57,22503,79],{"class":71},[57,22505,21814],{"class":63},[57,22507,1969],{"class":1962},[57,22509,13136],{"class":63},[57,22511,620],{"class":71},[57,22513,1199],{"class":113},[57,22515,21825],{"class":71},[57,22517,22518,22520,22522,22525,22527,22529,22531,22534,22537,22539,22541,22543,22545],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,22519,8296],{"class":101},[57,22521,105],{"class":71},[57,22523,22524],{"class":1208},"f",[57,22526,170],{"class":173},[57,22528,9505],{"class":75},[57,22530,432],{"class":113},[57,22532,22533],{"class":75},"}",[57,22535,22536],{"class":173},": ",[57,22538,9505],{"class":75},[57,22540,364],{"class":113},[57,22542,22533],{"class":75},[57,22544,170],{"class":173},[57,22546,316],{"class":71},[20,22548,22549],{},[1399,22550,216],{},[48,22552,22554],{"className":50,"code":22553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22555,22556,22565,22574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22557,22558,22560,22562],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22559,7898],{"class":63},[57,22561,270],{"class":71},[57,22563,22564],{"class":63}," Mia\n",[57,22566,22567,22569,22571],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22568,20123],{"class":63},[57,22570,270],{"class":71},[57,22572,22573],{"class":63}," A\n",[57,22575,22576,22578,22580],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,22577,9526],{"class":63},[57,22579,270],{"class":71},[57,22581,22582],{"class":75}," 14\n",[20,22584,22585],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[48,22587,22589],{"className":50,"code":22588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22590,22591,22643,22647,22659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22592,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22594,13093],{"class":63},[57,22596,68],{"class":67},[57,22598,10718],{"class":71},[57,22600,170],{"class":169},[57,22602,7898],{"class":173},[57,22604,170],{"class":169},[57,22606,270],{"class":71},[57,22608,181],{"class":169},[57,22610,8148],{"class":173},[57,22612,170],{"class":169},[57,22614,79],{"class":71},[57,22616,181],{"class":169},[57,22618,20123],{"class":173},[57,22620,170],{"class":169},[57,22622,270],{"class":71},[57,22624,181],{"class":169},[57,22626,22475],{"class":173},[57,22628,170],{"class":169},[57,22630,79],{"class":71},[57,22632,181],{"class":169},[57,22634,9526],{"class":173},[57,22636,170],{"class":169},[57,22638,270],{"class":71},[57,22640,14088],{"class":75},[57,22642,9536],{"class":71},[57,22644,22645],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22646,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22648,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,22650,6189],{"class":1962},[57,22652,18440],{"class":63},[57,22654,1969],{"class":1962},[57,22656,13136],{"class":63},[57,22658,6623],{"class":71},[57,22660,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,22662,8296],{"class":101},[57,22664,105],{"class":71},[57,22666,22524],{"class":1208},[57,22668,170],{"class":173},[57,22670,9505],{"class":75},[57,22672,432],{"class":113},[57,22674,22533],{"class":75},[57,22676,22536],{"class":173},[57,22678,9505],{"class":75},[57,22680,13856],{"class":113},[57,22682,1785],{"class":71},[57,22684,432],{"class":113},[57,22686,13504],{"class":71},[57,22688,22533],{"class":75},[57,22690,170],{"class":173},[57,22692,316],{"class":71},[20,22694,6740,22695,22698],{},[15,22696,22697],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22700,22701,22702,620],{},"For a full guide, see ",[614,22703,22705],{"href":22704},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[43,22707,22709],{"id":22708},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22711,22712],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[48,22714,22716],{"className":50,"code":22715,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22717,22718,22777,22781,22801,22805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22719,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22755,22757,22759,22761,22764,22766,22768,22770,22773,22775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22721,13306],{"class":63},[57,22723,68],{"class":67},[57,22725,10718],{"class":71},[57,22727,170],{"class":169},[57,22729,174],{"class":173},[57,22731,170],{"class":169},[57,22733,270],{"class":71},[57,22735,181],{"class":169},[57,22737,13323],{"class":173},[57,22739,170],{"class":169},[57,22741,79],{"class":71},[57,22743,181],{"class":169},[57,22745,184],{"class":173},[57,22747,170],{"class":169},[57,22749,270],{"class":71},[57,22751,181],{"class":169},[57,22753,22754],{"class":173},"yellow",[57,22756,170],{"class":169},[57,22758,79],{"class":71},[57,22760,181],{"class":169},[57,22762,22763],{"class":173},"grape",[57,22765,170],{"class":169},[57,22767,270],{"class":71},[57,22769,181],{"class":169},[57,22771,22772],{"class":173},"purple",[57,22774,170],{"class":169},[57,22776,9536],{"class":71},[57,22778,22779],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22780,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22782,22783,22786,22788,22791,22793,22795,22797,22799],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,22784,22785],{"class":63},"pairs_list ",[57,22787,68],{"class":67},[57,22789,22790],{"class":1102}," list",[57,22792,105],{"class":71},[57,22794,17733],{"class":113},[57,22796,620],{"class":71},[57,22798,1199],{"class":113},[57,22800,1671],{"class":71},[57,22802,22803],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,22804,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22806,22807,22809,22811,22814],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,22808,102],{"class":101},[57,22810,105],{"class":71},[57,22812,22813],{"class":113},"pairs_list",[57,22815,316],{"class":71},[20,22817,22818],{},[1399,22819,216],{},[48,22821,22823],{"className":50,"code":22822,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22824,22825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22826,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873,22875,22877,22879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22828,21970],{"class":71},[57,22830,3543],{"class":169},[57,22832,174],{"class":173},[57,22834,3543],{"class":169},[57,22836,79],{"class":71},[57,22838,3538],{"class":169},[57,22840,13323],{"class":173},[57,22842,3543],{"class":169},[57,22844,9460],{"class":71},[57,22846,9463],{"class":71},[57,22848,3543],{"class":169},[57,22850,184],{"class":173},[57,22852,3543],{"class":169},[57,22854,79],{"class":71},[57,22856,3538],{"class":169},[57,22858,22754],{"class":173},[57,22860,3543],{"class":169},[57,22862,9460],{"class":71},[57,22864,9463],{"class":71},[57,22866,3543],{"class":169},[57,22868,22763],{"class":173},[57,22870,3543],{"class":169},[57,22872,79],{"class":71},[57,22874,3538],{"class":169},[57,22876,22772],{"class":173},[57,22878,3543],{"class":169},[57,22880,9476],{"class":71},[20,22882,22883],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22885,22886],{},"Use this when:",[30,22888,22889,22892,22895],{},[33,22890,22891],{},"You want clearer printed output",[33,22893,22894],{},"You need list behavior",[33,22896,22897],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[43,22899,22901,1682,22903,1682,22905],{"id":22900},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22902,17308],{},[15,22904,17295],{},[15,22906,17301],{},[20,22908,22909],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[30,22911,22912,22917,22922],{},[33,22913,22914,22916],{},[15,22915,17308],{}," gives both key and value",[33,22918,22919,22921],{},[15,22920,17295],{}," gives only keys",[33,22923,22924,22926],{},[15,22925,17301],{}," gives only values",[20,22928,864],{},[48,22930,22932],{"className":50,"code":22931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22933,22934,22970,22974,22992,23010],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,22935,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,22937,13435],{"class":63},[57,22939,68],{"class":67},[57,22941,10718],{"class":71},[57,22943,170],{"class":169},[57,22945,7898],{"class":173},[57,22947,170],{"class":169},[57,22949,270],{"class":71},[57,22951,181],{"class":169},[57,22953,13110],{"class":173},[57,22955,170],{"class":169},[57,22957,79],{"class":71},[57,22959,181],{"class":169},[57,22961,9526],{"class":173},[57,22963,170],{"class":169},[57,22965,270],{"class":71},[57,22967,9533],{"class":75},[57,22969,9536],{"class":71},[57,22971,22972],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,22973,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,22975,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,22977,102],{"class":101},[57,22979,105],{"class":71},[57,22981,8321],{"class":1102},[57,22983,105],{"class":71},[57,22985,17537],{"class":113},[57,22987,620],{"class":71},[57,22989,17153],{"class":113},[57,22991,6520],{"class":71},[57,22993,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,22995,102],{"class":101},[57,22997,105],{"class":71},[57,22999,8321],{"class":1102},[57,23001,105],{"class":71},[57,23003,17537],{"class":113},[57,23005,620],{"class":71},[57,23007,5589],{"class":113},[57,23009,6520],{"class":71},[57,23011,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,23013,102],{"class":101},[57,23015,105],{"class":71},[57,23017,8321],{"class":1102},[57,23019,105],{"class":71},[57,23021,17537],{"class":113},[57,23023,620],{"class":71},[57,23025,1199],{"class":113},[57,23027,6520],{"class":71},[20,23029,23030],{},[1399,23031,216],{},[48,23033,23035],{"className":50,"code":23034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,23036,23037,23057,23073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23038,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23040,1785],{"class":71},[57,23042,3543],{"class":169},[57,23044,7898],{"class":173},[57,23046,3543],{"class":169},[57,23048,79],{"class":71},[57,23050,3538],{"class":169},[57,23052,9526],{"class":173},[57,23054,3543],{"class":169},[57,23056,95],{"class":71},[57,23058,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23060,1785],{"class":71},[57,23062,3543],{"class":169},[57,23064,13110],{"class":173},[57,23066,3543],{"class":169},[57,23068,79],{"class":71},[57,23070,9533],{"class":75},[57,23072,95],{"class":71},[57,23074,23075,23077,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23076,21970],{"class":71},[57,23078,3543],{"class":169},[57,23080,7898],{"class":173},[57,23082,3543],{"class":169},[57,23084,79],{"class":71},[57,23086,3538],{"class":169},[57,23088,13110],{"class":173},[57,23090,3543],{"class":169},[57,23092,9460],{"class":71},[57,23094,9463],{"class":71},[57,23096,3543],{"class":169},[57,23098,9526],{"class":173},[57,23100,3543],{"class":169},[57,23102,79],{"class":71},[57,23104,9533],{"class":75},[57,23106,9476],{"class":71},[20,23108,23109],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[30,23111,23112,23120,23128],{},[33,23113,23114,23115],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[614,23116,23118],{"href":23117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23119,17295],{},[33,23121,23122,23123],{},"Need just values? Use ",[614,23124,23126],{"href":23125},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23127,17301],{},[33,23129,23130,23131],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23132,17308],{},[43,23134,5194,23136],{"id":23135},"when-to-use-items",[15,23137,17308],{},[20,23139,23140,23142],{},[15,23141,17308],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[30,23144,23145,23148,23151,23154,23157],{},[33,23146,23147],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[33,23149,23150],{},"Building formatted output",[33,23152,23153],{},"Looping through settings and values",[33,23155,23156],{},"Showing names with scores",[33,23158,23159],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23161,864],{},[48,23163,23165],{"className":50,"code":23164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23166,23167,23175,23193,23212,23224,23228,23232,23253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23168,23169,23171,23173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23170,14056],{"class":63},[57,23172,68],{"class":67},[57,23174,11721],{"class":71},[57,23176,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23178,11726],{"class":169},[57,23180,12723],{"class":173},[57,23182,170],{"class":169},[57,23184,270],{"class":71},[57,23186,181],{"class":169},[57,23188,12732],{"class":173},[57,23190,170],{"class":169},[57,23192,11742],{"class":71},[57,23194,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203,23205,23208,23210],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23196,11726],{"class":169},[57,23198,20354],{"class":173},[57,23200,170],{"class":169},[57,23202,270],{"class":71},[57,23204,181],{"class":169},[57,23206,23207],{"class":173},"English",[57,23209,170],{"class":169},[57,23211,11742],{"class":71},[57,23213,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,23215,11726],{"class":169},[57,23217,18756],{"class":173},[57,23219,170],{"class":169},[57,23221,270],{"class":71},[57,23223,6652],{"class":1523},[57,23225,23226],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,23227,9536],{"class":71},[57,23229,23230],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,23231,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,23233,23234,23236,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249,23251],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,23235,6189],{"class":1962},[57,23237,23238],{"class":63}," setting",[57,23240,79],{"class":71},[57,23242,21814],{"class":63},[57,23244,1969],{"class":1962},[57,23246,14100],{"class":63},[57,23248,620],{"class":71},[57,23250,1199],{"class":113},[57,23252,21825],{"class":71},[57,23254,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263,23265,23268,23270,23273,23275,23277,23279,23281],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,23256,8296],{"class":101},[57,23258,105],{"class":71},[57,23260,22524],{"class":1208},[57,23262,170],{"class":173},[57,23264,9505],{"class":75},[57,23266,23267],{"class":113},"setting",[57,23269,22533],{"class":75},[57,23271,23272],{"class":173}," = ",[57,23274,9505],{"class":75},[57,23276,364],{"class":113},[57,23278,22533],{"class":75},[57,23280,170],{"class":173},[57,23282,316],{"class":71},[20,23284,23285],{},[1399,23286,216],{},[48,23288,23290],{"className":50,"code":23289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23291,23292,23302,23312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23293,23294,23297,23299],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23295,23296],{"class":63},"theme ",[57,23298,68],{"class":67},[57,23300,23301],{"class":63}," dark\n",[57,23303,23304,23307,23309],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23305,23306],{"class":63},"language ",[57,23308,68],{"class":67},[57,23310,23311],{"class":63}," English\n",[57,23313,23314,23317,23319],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23315,23316],{"class":63},"notifications ",[57,23318,68],{"class":67},[57,23320,6652],{"class":1523},[43,23322,1829],{"id":1828},[20,23324,23325,23326,620],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23327,17308],{},[943,23329,23331,23332,23334],{"id":23330},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23333,17308],{}," incorrectly",[20,23336,23337,23338,23340,23341,23344],{},"Each result from ",[15,23339,17308],{}," has ",[1399,23342,23343],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23346,6918],{},[48,23348,23349],{"className":50,"code":21761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,23350,23351,23387,23391,23411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23352,23353,23355,23357,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23354,13435],{"class":63},[57,23356,68],{"class":67},[57,23358,10718],{"class":71},[57,23360,170],{"class":169},[57,23362,7898],{"class":173},[57,23364,170],{"class":169},[57,23366,270],{"class":71},[57,23368,181],{"class":169},[57,23370,13110],{"class":173},[57,23372,170],{"class":169},[57,23374,79],{"class":71},[57,23376,181],{"class":169},[57,23378,9526],{"class":173},[57,23380,170],{"class":169},[57,23382,270],{"class":71},[57,23384,9533],{"class":75},[57,23386,9536],{"class":71},[57,23388,23389],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23390,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,23392,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23394,6189],{"class":1962},[57,23396,335],{"class":63},[57,23398,79],{"class":71},[57,23400,21814],{"class":63},[57,23402,1969],{"class":1962},[57,23404,13478],{"class":63},[57,23406,620],{"class":71},[57,23408,1199],{"class":113},[57,23410,21825],{"class":71},[57,23412,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,23414,8296],{"class":101},[57,23416,105],{"class":71},[57,23418,432],{"class":113},[57,23420,79],{"class":71},[57,23422,8661],{"class":113},[57,23424,316],{"class":71},[20,23426,23427],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[48,23429,23431],{"className":50,"code":23430,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23432,23433,23469,23473,23489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23434,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455,23457,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23436,13435],{"class":63},[57,23438,68],{"class":67},[57,23440,10718],{"class":71},[57,23442,170],{"class":169},[57,23444,7898],{"class":173},[57,23446,170],{"class":169},[57,23448,270],{"class":71},[57,23450,181],{"class":169},[57,23452,13110],{"class":173},[57,23454,170],{"class":169},[57,23456,79],{"class":71},[57,23458,181],{"class":169},[57,23460,9526],{"class":173},[57,23462,170],{"class":169},[57,23464,270],{"class":71},[57,23466,9533],{"class":75},[57,23468,9536],{"class":71},[57,23470,23471],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23472,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,23474,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23476,6189],{"class":1962},[57,23478,18440],{"class":63},[57,23480,1969],{"class":1962},[57,23482,13478],{"class":63},[57,23484,620],{"class":71},[57,23486,1199],{"class":113},[57,23488,21825],{"class":71},[57,23490,23491,23493,23495,23497],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,23492,8296],{"class":101},[57,23494,105],{"class":71},[57,23496,432],{"class":113},[57,23498,316],{"class":71},[20,23500,23501,23502,23504,23505,23508],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23503,432],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23506,23507],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23510,23511],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[48,23513,23515],{"className":50,"code":23514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23516,23517,23533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23518,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529,23531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23520,6189],{"class":1962},[57,23522,6192],{"class":63},[57,23524,1969],{"class":1962},[57,23526,13478],{"class":63},[57,23528,620],{"class":71},[57,23530,1199],{"class":113},[57,23532,21825],{"class":71},[57,23534,23535,23537,23539,23542],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23536,8296],{"class":101},[57,23538,105],{"class":71},[57,23540,23541],{"class":113},"item",[57,23543,316],{"class":71},[20,23545,23546],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[48,23548,23550],{"className":50,"code":23549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23551,23552,23572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23553,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23555,6189],{"class":1962},[57,23557,335],{"class":63},[57,23559,79],{"class":71},[57,23561,21814],{"class":63},[57,23563,1969],{"class":1962},[57,23565,13478],{"class":63},[57,23567,620],{"class":71},[57,23569,1199],{"class":113},[57,23571,21825],{"class":71},[57,23573,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582,23584],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23575,8296],{"class":101},[57,23577,105],{"class":71},[57,23579,432],{"class":113},[57,23581,79],{"class":71},[57,23583,8661],{"class":113},[57,23585,316],{"class":71},[943,23587,1848,23589,23591],{"id":23588},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23590,17308],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23593,23594,22205,23596,23598],{},[15,23595,17308],{},[15,23597,22138],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23600,23601],{},"Check it:",[48,23603,23605],{"className":50,"code":23604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23606,23607,23639,23643,23657,23675],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23608,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23610,11953],{"class":63},[57,23612,68],{"class":67},[57,23614,10718],{"class":71},[57,23616,170],{"class":169},[57,23618,614],{"class":173},[57,23620,170],{"class":169},[57,23622,270],{"class":71},[57,23624,5729],{"class":75},[57,23626,79],{"class":71},[57,23628,181],{"class":169},[57,23630,4993],{"class":173},[57,23632,170],{"class":169},[57,23634,270],{"class":71},[57,23636,87],{"class":75},[57,23638,9536],{"class":71},[57,23640,23641],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23642,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,23644,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23646,102],{"class":101},[57,23648,105],{"class":71},[57,23650,11677],{"class":113},[57,23652,620],{"class":71},[57,23654,1199],{"class":113},[57,23656,1671],{"class":71},[57,23658,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,23660,102],{"class":101},[57,23662,105],{"class":71},[57,23664,1886],{"class":1102},[57,23666,105],{"class":71},[57,23668,11677],{"class":113},[57,23670,620],{"class":71},[57,23672,1199],{"class":113},[57,23674,6520],{"class":71},[57,23676,23677,23679,23681,23683,23685,23687,23689,23691],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,23678,102],{"class":101},[57,23680,105],{"class":71},[57,23682,8321],{"class":1102},[57,23684,105],{"class":71},[57,23686,11677],{"class":113},[57,23688,620],{"class":71},[57,23690,1199],{"class":113},[57,23692,6520],{"class":71},[20,23694,23695],{},[1399,23696,216],{},[48,23698,23700],{"className":50,"code":23699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23701,23702,23734,23748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23703,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23705,22138],{"class":113},[57,23707,9885],{"class":71},[57,23709,3543],{"class":169},[57,23711,614],{"class":173},[57,23713,3543],{"class":169},[57,23715,79],{"class":71},[57,23717,5729],{"class":75},[57,23719,9460],{"class":71},[57,23721,9463],{"class":71},[57,23723,3543],{"class":169},[57,23725,4993],{"class":173},[57,23727,3543],{"class":169},[57,23729,79],{"class":71},[57,23731,87],{"class":75},[57,23733,10906],{"class":71},[57,23735,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23737,3532],{"class":67},[57,23739,3535],{"class":1208},[57,23741,3538],{"class":169},[57,23743,22138],{"class":173},[57,23745,3543],{"class":169},[57,23747,3546],{"class":67},[57,23749,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774,23776],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23751,21970],{"class":71},[57,23753,3543],{"class":169},[57,23755,614],{"class":173},[57,23757,3543],{"class":169},[57,23759,79],{"class":71},[57,23761,5729],{"class":75},[57,23763,9460],{"class":71},[57,23765,9463],{"class":71},[57,23767,3543],{"class":169},[57,23769,4993],{"class":173},[57,23771,3543],{"class":169},[57,23773,79],{"class":71},[57,23775,87],{"class":75},[57,23777,9476],{"class":71},[943,23779,23781,23782],{"id":23780},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23783,17308],{},[20,23785,23786],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23788,23789],{},"Problem example:",[48,23791,23793],{"className":50,"code":23792,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23794,23795,23839,23843,23863,23875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23796,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23798,64],{"class":63},[57,23800,68],{"class":67},[57,23802,10718],{"class":71},[57,23804,170],{"class":169},[57,23806,614],{"class":173},[57,23808,170],{"class":169},[57,23810,270],{"class":71},[57,23812,5729],{"class":75},[57,23814,79],{"class":71},[57,23816,181],{"class":169},[57,23818,4993],{"class":173},[57,23820,170],{"class":169},[57,23822,270],{"class":71},[57,23824,87],{"class":75},[57,23826,79],{"class":71},[57,23828,181],{"class":169},[57,23830,9966],{"class":173},[57,23832,170],{"class":169},[57,23834,270],{"class":71},[57,23836,1793],{"class":75},[57,23838,9536],{"class":71},[57,23840,23841],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23842,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,23844,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23846,6189],{"class":1962},[57,23848,335],{"class":63},[57,23850,79],{"class":71},[57,23852,21814],{"class":63},[57,23854,1969],{"class":1962},[57,23856,4495],{"class":63},[57,23858,620],{"class":71},[57,23860,1199],{"class":113},[57,23862,21825],{"class":71},[57,23864,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,23866,6628],{"class":1962},[57,23868,21814],{"class":63},[57,23870,4920],{"class":67},[57,23872,87],{"class":75},[57,23874,6623],{"class":71},[57,23876,23877,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890,23892],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,23878,23879],{"class":63},"        numbers",[57,23881,1785],{"class":71},[57,23883,170],{"class":169},[57,23885,18999],{"class":173},[57,23887,170],{"class":169},[57,23889,13504],{"class":71},[57,23891,13507],{"class":67},[57,23893,23894],{"class":75}," 4\n",[20,23896,23897],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23899,23900],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[48,23902,23904],{"className":50,"code":23903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23905,23906,23950,23954,23979,23991,24009,24013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,23907,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,23909,64],{"class":63},[57,23911,68],{"class":67},[57,23913,10718],{"class":71},[57,23915,170],{"class":169},[57,23917,614],{"class":173},[57,23919,170],{"class":169},[57,23921,270],{"class":71},[57,23923,5729],{"class":75},[57,23925,79],{"class":71},[57,23927,181],{"class":169},[57,23929,4993],{"class":173},[57,23931,170],{"class":169},[57,23933,270],{"class":71},[57,23935,87],{"class":75},[57,23937,79],{"class":71},[57,23939,181],{"class":169},[57,23941,9966],{"class":173},[57,23943,170],{"class":169},[57,23945,270],{"class":71},[57,23947,1793],{"class":75},[57,23949,9536],{"class":71},[57,23951,23952],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,23953,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,23955,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,23957,6189],{"class":1962},[57,23959,335],{"class":63},[57,23961,79],{"class":71},[57,23963,21814],{"class":63},[57,23965,1969],{"class":1962},[57,23967,22790],{"class":1102},[57,23969,105],{"class":71},[57,23971,114],{"class":113},[57,23973,620],{"class":71},[57,23975,1199],{"class":113},[57,23977,23978],{"class":71},"()):\n",[57,23980,23981,23983,23985,23987,23989],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,23982,6628],{"class":1962},[57,23984,21814],{"class":63},[57,23986,4920],{"class":67},[57,23988,87],{"class":75},[57,23990,6623],{"class":71},[57,23992,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,23994,23879],{"class":63},[57,23996,1785],{"class":71},[57,23998,170],{"class":169},[57,24000,18999],{"class":173},[57,24002,170],{"class":169},[57,24004,13504],{"class":71},[57,24006,13507],{"class":67},[57,24008,23894],{"class":75},[57,24010,24011],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,24012,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,24014,24015,24017,24019,24021],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,24016,102],{"class":101},[57,24018,105],{"class":71},[57,24020,114],{"class":113},[57,24022,316],{"class":71},[943,24024,24026],{"id":24025},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,24028,24029],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[48,24031,24033],{"className":50,"code":24032,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,24034,24035,24067,24071,24087],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24036,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24038,9393],{"class":63},[57,24040,68],{"class":67},[57,24042,10718],{"class":71},[57,24044,170],{"class":169},[57,24046,1956],{"class":173},[57,24048,170],{"class":169},[57,24050,270],{"class":71},[57,24052,6234],{"class":75},[57,24054,79],{"class":71},[57,24056,181],{"class":169},[57,24058,11974],{"class":173},[57,24060,170],{"class":169},[57,24062,270],{"class":71},[57,24064,1617],{"class":75},[57,24066,9536],{"class":71},[57,24068,24069],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24070,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,24072,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,24074,6189],{"class":1962},[57,24076,6192],{"class":63},[57,24078,1969],{"class":1962},[57,24080,14797],{"class":63},[57,24082,620],{"class":71},[57,24084,1199],{"class":113},[57,24086,21825],{"class":71},[57,24088,24089,24091,24093,24095],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,24090,8296],{"class":101},[57,24092,105],{"class":71},[57,24094,23541],{"class":113},[57,24096,316],{"class":71},[20,24098,24099],{},[1399,24100,216],{},[48,24102,24104],{"className":50,"code":24103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24105,24106,24122],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24107,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24109,105],{"class":71},[57,24111,3543],{"class":169},[57,24113,1956],{"class":173},[57,24115,3543],{"class":169},[57,24117,79],{"class":71},[57,24119,6234],{"class":75},[57,24121,316],{"class":71},[57,24123,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24125,105],{"class":71},[57,24127,3543],{"class":169},[57,24129,11974],{"class":173},[57,24131,3543],{"class":169},[57,24133,79],{"class":71},[57,24135,1617],{"class":75},[57,24137,316],{"class":71},[20,24139,24140,24141,24143],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24142,21885],{}," pair.",[43,24145,2011],{"id":2010},[943,24147,24149,24150,2018],{"id":24148},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24151,17308],{},[20,24153,17652,24154,24156],{},[15,24155,22138],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[943,24158,12933,24160,24162],{"id":24159},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24161,17308],{}," return a list?",[20,24164,24165,24166,24169],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24167,24168],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[943,24171,24173,24174,2053],{"id":24172},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24175,17308],{},[20,24177,24178],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[48,24180,24182],{"className":50,"code":24181,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24183,24184,24204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24185,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24187,6189],{"class":1962},[57,24189,335],{"class":63},[57,24191,79],{"class":71},[57,24193,21814],{"class":63},[57,24195,1969],{"class":1962},[57,24197,11995],{"class":63},[57,24199,620],{"class":71},[57,24201,1199],{"class":113},[57,24203,21825],{"class":71},[57,24205,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24207,8296],{"class":101},[57,24209,105],{"class":71},[57,24211,432],{"class":113},[57,24213,79],{"class":71},[57,24215,8661],{"class":113},[57,24217,316],{"class":71},[943,24219,12933,24221,24223],{"id":24220},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24222,17308],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24225,24226],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[43,24228,2135],{"id":2134},[30,24230,24231,24237,24243,24248,24252],{},[33,24232,24233],{},[614,24234,10964,24235,10968],{"href":23117},[15,24236,17295],{},[33,24238,24239],{},[614,24240,10964,24241,10968],{"href":23125},[15,24242,17301],{},[33,24244,24245],{},[614,24246,24247],{"href":22704},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[33,24249,24250],{},[614,24251,9383],{"href":13253},[33,24253,24254],{},[614,24255,24256],{"href":22008},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2172,24258,24259],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":24261},[24262,24263,24265,24266,24267,24269,24270,24272,24274,24283,24293],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":21868,"depth":98,"text":24264},"What items() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":22199,"depth":98,"text":22200},{"id":22425,"depth":98,"text":24268},"Looping with items()",{"id":22708,"depth":98,"text":22709},{"id":22900,"depth":98,"text":24271},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23135,"depth":98,"text":24273},"When to use items()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":24275},[24276,24278,24280,24282],{"id":23330,"depth":120,"text":24277},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23588,"depth":120,"text":24279},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23780,"depth":120,"text":24281},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":24025,"depth":120,"text":24026},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":24284},[24285,24287,24289,24291],{"id":24148,"depth":120,"text":24286},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24159,"depth":120,"text":24288},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24172,"depth":120,"text":24290},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24220,"depth":120,"text":24292},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21737,"description":24294},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24301,"title":24302,"body":24303,"description":26393,"extension":2219,"meta":26394,"navigation":123,"path":23117,"seo":26395,"stem":26396,"__hash__":26397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24304,"toc":26359},[24305,24310,24316,24319,24330,24337,24339,24422,24426,24473,24478,24483,24488,24490,24506,24508,24607,24611,24668,24671,24673,24676,24769,24773,24836,24839,24855,24860,24862,24864,24879,24881,24892,24894,24937,24940,24983,24986,24988,24995,24998,25015,25017,25110,25114,25155,25167,25171,25174,25262,25266,25286,25289,25316,25323,25328,25332,25343,25345,25449,25453,25479,25482,25549,25554,25557,25580,25585,25589,25594,25600,25605,25607,25662,25666,25693,25700,25706,25709,25734,25740,25766,25769,25844,25851,25856,25858,25897,25915,25919,25922,25965,25968,25970,25989,25991,25996,26021,26024,26094,26097,26170,26174,26176,26237,26240,26256,26258,26263,26268,26275,26284,26290,26296,26303,26309,26313,26318,26320,26356],[10,24306,11545,24308,11549],{"id":24307},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24309,17295],{},[20,24311,24312,24313,24315],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24314,17295],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24317,24318],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[30,24320,24321,24324,24327],{},[33,24322,24323],{},"view the available keys",[33,24325,24326],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[33,24328,24329],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24331,24332,24334,24335,620],{},[15,24333,17295],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24336,17244],{},[43,24338,46],{"id":45},[48,24340,24342],{"className":50,"code":24341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24343,24344,24380,24394,24398,24408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24345,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24347,13093],{"class":63},[57,24349,68],{"class":67},[57,24351,10718],{"class":71},[57,24353,170],{"class":169},[57,24355,7898],{"class":173},[57,24357,170],{"class":169},[57,24359,270],{"class":71},[57,24361,181],{"class":169},[57,24363,13110],{"class":173},[57,24365,170],{"class":169},[57,24367,79],{"class":71},[57,24369,181],{"class":169},[57,24371,9526],{"class":173},[57,24373,170],{"class":169},[57,24375,270],{"class":71},[57,24377,1617],{"class":75},[57,24379,9536],{"class":71},[57,24381,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24383,17472],{"class":63},[57,24385,68],{"class":67},[57,24387,13136],{"class":63},[57,24389,620],{"class":71},[57,24391,17153],{"class":113},[57,24393,8870],{"class":71},[57,24395,24396],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,24397,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,24399,24400,24402,24404,24406],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,24401,102],{"class":101},[57,24403,105],{"class":71},[57,24405,17153],{"class":113},[57,24407,316],{"class":71},[57,24409,24410,24412,24414,24416,24418,24420],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,24411,102],{"class":101},[57,24413,105],{"class":71},[57,24415,8321],{"class":1102},[57,24417,105],{"class":71},[57,24419,17153],{"class":113},[57,24421,117],{"class":71},[20,24423,24424],{},[1399,24425,216],{},[48,24427,24429],{"className":50,"code":24428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24430,24431,24453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24432,24433,24435,24437,24439,24441,24443,24445,24447,24449,24451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24434,17244],{"class":113},[57,24436,1949],{"class":71},[57,24438,3543],{"class":169},[57,24440,7898],{"class":173},[57,24442,3543],{"class":169},[57,24444,79],{"class":71},[57,24446,3538],{"class":169},[57,24448,9526],{"class":173},[57,24450,3543],{"class":169},[57,24452,1975],{"class":71},[57,24454,24455,24457,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24456,1785],{"class":71},[57,24458,3543],{"class":169},[57,24460,7898],{"class":173},[57,24462,3543],{"class":169},[57,24464,79],{"class":71},[57,24466,3538],{"class":169},[57,24468,9526],{"class":173},[57,24470,3543],{"class":169},[57,24472,95],{"class":71},[20,24474,1806,24475,24477],{},[15,24476,17295],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[43,24479,262,24481,265],{"id":24480},"what-keys-does",[15,24482,17295],{},[20,24484,24485,24487],{},[15,24486,17295],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24489,11686],{},[30,24491,24492,24495,24498,24503],{},[33,24493,24494],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[33,24496,24497],{},"It does not need any arguments",[33,24499,17652,24500,24502],{},[15,24501,17244],{}," view object, not a list",[33,24504,24505],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24507,864],{},[48,24509,24511],{"className":50,"code":24510,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24512,24513,24549,24553,24567,24571,24593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24514,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24516,13435],{"class":63},[57,24518,68],{"class":67},[57,24520,10718],{"class":71},[57,24522,170],{"class":169},[57,24524,7898],{"class":173},[57,24526,170],{"class":169},[57,24528,270],{"class":71},[57,24530,181],{"class":169},[57,24532,13452],{"class":173},[57,24534,170],{"class":169},[57,24536,79],{"class":71},[57,24538,181],{"class":169},[57,24540,9526],{"class":173},[57,24542,170],{"class":169},[57,24544,270],{"class":71},[57,24546,9533],{"class":75},[57,24548,9536],{"class":71},[57,24550,24551],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24552,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,24554,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,24556,102],{"class":101},[57,24558,105],{"class":71},[57,24560,17537],{"class":113},[57,24562,620],{"class":71},[57,24564,17153],{"class":113},[57,24566,1671],{"class":71},[57,24568,24569],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,24570,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,24572,24573,24575,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,24574,17537],{"class":63},[57,24576,1785],{"class":71},[57,24578,170],{"class":169},[57,24580,10636],{"class":173},[57,24582,170],{"class":169},[57,24584,13504],{"class":71},[57,24586,13507],{"class":67},[57,24588,181],{"class":169},[57,24590,10643],{"class":173},[57,24592,3602],{"class":169},[57,24594,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,24596,102],{"class":101},[57,24598,105],{"class":71},[57,24600,17537],{"class":113},[57,24602,620],{"class":71},[57,24604,17153],{"class":113},[57,24606,1671],{"class":71},[20,24608,24609],{},[1399,24610,216],{},[48,24612,24614],{"className":50,"code":24613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24615,24616,24638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24619,17244],{"class":113},[57,24621,1949],{"class":71},[57,24623,3543],{"class":169},[57,24625,7898],{"class":173},[57,24627,3543],{"class":169},[57,24629,79],{"class":71},[57,24631,3538],{"class":169},[57,24633,9526],{"class":173},[57,24635,3543],{"class":169},[57,24637,1975],{"class":71},[57,24639,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24641,17244],{"class":113},[57,24643,1949],{"class":71},[57,24645,3543],{"class":169},[57,24647,7898],{"class":173},[57,24649,3543],{"class":169},[57,24651,79],{"class":71},[57,24653,3538],{"class":169},[57,24655,9526],{"class":173},[57,24657,3543],{"class":169},[57,24659,79],{"class":71},[57,24661,3538],{"class":169},[57,24663,10636],{"class":173},[57,24665,3543],{"class":169},[57,24667,1975],{"class":71},[20,24669,24670],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[43,24672,6018],{"id":6017},[20,24674,24675],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[48,24677,24679],{"className":50,"code":24678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24680,24681,24733,24737,24751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24682,24683,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24684,9393],{"class":63},[57,24686,68],{"class":67},[57,24688,10718],{"class":71},[57,24690,170],{"class":169},[57,24692,7898],{"class":173},[57,24694,170],{"class":169},[57,24696,270],{"class":71},[57,24698,181],{"class":169},[57,24700,13110],{"class":173},[57,24702,170],{"class":169},[57,24704,79],{"class":71},[57,24706,181],{"class":169},[57,24708,9526],{"class":173},[57,24710,170],{"class":169},[57,24712,270],{"class":71},[57,24714,1617],{"class":75},[57,24716,79],{"class":71},[57,24718,181],{"class":169},[57,24720,20123],{"class":173},[57,24722,170],{"class":169},[57,24724,270],{"class":71},[57,24726,181],{"class":169},[57,24728,22475],{"class":173},[57,24730,170],{"class":169},[57,24732,9536],{"class":71},[57,24734,24735],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24736,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,24738,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,24740,102],{"class":101},[57,24742,105],{"class":71},[57,24744,9431],{"class":113},[57,24746,620],{"class":71},[57,24748,17153],{"class":113},[57,24750,1671],{"class":71},[57,24752,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,24754,102],{"class":101},[57,24756,105],{"class":71},[57,24758,8321],{"class":1102},[57,24760,105],{"class":71},[57,24762,9431],{"class":113},[57,24764,620],{"class":71},[57,24766,17153],{"class":113},[57,24768,6520],{"class":71},[20,24770,24771],{},[1399,24772,216],{},[48,24774,24776],{"className":50,"code":24775,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24777,24778,24808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24779,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788,24790,24792,24794,24796,24798,24800,24802,24804,24806],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24781,17244],{"class":113},[57,24783,1949],{"class":71},[57,24785,3543],{"class":169},[57,24787,7898],{"class":173},[57,24789,3543],{"class":169},[57,24791,79],{"class":71},[57,24793,3538],{"class":169},[57,24795,9526],{"class":173},[57,24797,3543],{"class":169},[57,24799,79],{"class":71},[57,24801,3538],{"class":169},[57,24803,20123],{"class":173},[57,24805,3543],{"class":169},[57,24807,1975],{"class":71},[57,24809,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24811,1785],{"class":71},[57,24813,3543],{"class":169},[57,24815,7898],{"class":173},[57,24817,3543],{"class":169},[57,24819,79],{"class":71},[57,24821,3538],{"class":169},[57,24823,9526],{"class":173},[57,24825,3543],{"class":169},[57,24827,79],{"class":71},[57,24829,3538],{"class":169},[57,24831,20123],{"class":173},[57,24833,3543],{"class":169},[57,24835,95],{"class":71},[20,24837,24838],{},"This shows two things:",[30,24840,24841,24849],{},[33,24842,24843,22205,24846,24848],{},[15,24844,24845],{},"data.keys()",[15,24847,17244],{}," object",[33,24850,24851,24854],{},[15,24852,24853],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24856,9379,24857,620],{},[614,24858,24859],{"href":9618},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[43,24861,5662],{"id":5661},[20,24863,2412],{},[48,24865,24867],{"className":50,"code":24866,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24868,24869],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24870,24871,24873,24875,24877],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24872,11677],{"class":63},[57,24874,620],{"class":71},[57,24876,17153],{"class":113},[57,24878,8870],{"class":71},[20,24880,22030],{},[30,24882,24883,24886,24889],{},[33,24884,24885],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[33,24887,24888],{},"It takes no parameters",[33,24890,24891],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24893,16885],{},[48,24895,24897],{"className":50,"code":24896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24898,24899,24923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24900,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24902,13093],{"class":63},[57,24904,68],{"class":67},[57,24906,10718],{"class":71},[57,24908,170],{"class":169},[57,24910,7898],{"class":173},[57,24912,170],{"class":169},[57,24914,270],{"class":71},[57,24916,181],{"class":169},[57,24918,13110],{"class":173},[57,24920,170],{"class":169},[57,24922,9536],{"class":71},[57,24924,24925,24927,24929,24931,24933,24935],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24926,102],{"class":101},[57,24928,105],{"class":71},[57,24930,13856],{"class":113},[57,24932,620],{"class":71},[57,24934,17153],{"class":113},[57,24936,1671],{"class":71},[20,24938,24939],{},"Incorrect:",[48,24941,24943],{"className":50,"code":24942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24944,24945,24969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,24946,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959,24961,24963,24965,24967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,24948,13093],{"class":63},[57,24950,68],{"class":67},[57,24952,10718],{"class":71},[57,24954,170],{"class":169},[57,24956,7898],{"class":173},[57,24958,170],{"class":169},[57,24960,270],{"class":71},[57,24962,181],{"class":169},[57,24964,13110],{"class":173},[57,24966,170],{"class":169},[57,24968,9536],{"class":71},[57,24970,24971,24973,24975,24977,24979,24981],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,24972,102],{"class":101},[57,24974,105],{"class":71},[57,24976,13856],{"class":113},[57,24978,620],{"class":71},[57,24980,17153],{"class":1108},[57,24982,316],{"class":71},[20,24984,24985],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[43,24987,17649],{"id":17648},[20,24989,24990,22205,24992,24994],{},[15,24991,17295],{},[15,24993,17244],{}," object.",[20,24996,24997],{},"This object:",[30,24999,25000,25003,25006,25012],{},[33,25001,25002],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[33,25004,25005],{},"can be used in a loop",[33,25007,25008,25009],{},"can be converted with ",[15,25010,25011],{},"list()",[33,25013,25014],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,25016,864],{},[48,25018,25020],{"className":50,"code":25019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,25021,25022,25063,25067,25082,25086,25096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25023,25024,25027,25029,25031,25033,25036,25038,25040,25042,25045,25047,25049,25051,25054,25056,25058,25061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25025,25026],{"class":63},"car ",[57,25028,68],{"class":67},[57,25030,10718],{"class":71},[57,25032,170],{"class":169},[57,25034,25035],{"class":173},"brand",[57,25037,170],{"class":169},[57,25039,270],{"class":71},[57,25041,181],{"class":169},[57,25043,25044],{"class":173},"Toyota",[57,25046,170],{"class":169},[57,25048,79],{"class":71},[57,25050,181],{"class":169},[57,25052,25053],{"class":173},"year",[57,25055,170],{"class":169},[57,25057,270],{"class":71},[57,25059,25060],{"class":75}," 2020",[57,25062,9536],{"class":71},[57,25064,25065],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25066,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,25068,25069,25071,25073,25076,25078,25080],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,25070,1336],{"class":63},[57,25072,68],{"class":67},[57,25074,25075],{"class":63}," car",[57,25077,620],{"class":71},[57,25079,17153],{"class":113},[57,25081,8870],{"class":71},[57,25083,25084],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,25085,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,25087,25088,25090,25092,25094],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,25089,102],{"class":101},[57,25091,105],{"class":71},[57,25093,1368],{"class":113},[57,25095,316],{"class":71},[57,25097,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,25099,102],{"class":101},[57,25101,105],{"class":71},[57,25103,1886],{"class":1102},[57,25105,105],{"class":71},[57,25107,1368],{"class":113},[57,25109,117],{"class":71},[20,25111,25112],{},[1399,25113,216],{},[48,25115,25117],{"className":50,"code":25116,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25118,25119,25141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25120,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25122,17244],{"class":113},[57,25124,1949],{"class":71},[57,25126,3543],{"class":169},[57,25128,25035],{"class":173},[57,25130,3543],{"class":169},[57,25132,79],{"class":71},[57,25134,3538],{"class":169},[57,25136,25053],{"class":173},[57,25138,3543],{"class":169},[57,25140,1975],{"class":71},[57,25142,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25144,3532],{"class":67},[57,25146,3535],{"class":1208},[57,25148,3538],{"class":169},[57,25150,17244],{"class":173},[57,25152,3543],{"class":169},[57,25154,3546],{"class":67},[20,25156,25157,25158,25162,25163,620],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[614,25159,10964,25160,10968],{"href":17298},[15,25161,17301],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[614,25164,10964,25165,10968],{"href":17305},[15,25166,17308],{},[43,25168,25170],{"id":25169},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25172,25173],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[48,25175,25177],{"className":50,"code":25176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25178,25179,25232,25236,25252],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25180,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25228,25230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25182,13093],{"class":63},[57,25184,68],{"class":67},[57,25186,10718],{"class":71},[57,25188,170],{"class":169},[57,25190,7898],{"class":173},[57,25192,170],{"class":169},[57,25194,270],{"class":71},[57,25196,181],{"class":169},[57,25198,13110],{"class":173},[57,25200,170],{"class":169},[57,25202,79],{"class":71},[57,25204,181],{"class":169},[57,25206,9526],{"class":173},[57,25208,170],{"class":169},[57,25210,270],{"class":71},[57,25212,1617],{"class":75},[57,25214,79],{"class":71},[57,25216,181],{"class":169},[57,25218,15559],{"class":173},[57,25220,170],{"class":169},[57,25222,270],{"class":71},[57,25224,181],{"class":169},[57,25226,25227],{"class":173},"Math",[57,25229,170],{"class":169},[57,25231,9536],{"class":71},[57,25233,25234],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25235,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,25237,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,25239,6189],{"class":1962},[57,25241,18440],{"class":63},[57,25243,1969],{"class":1962},[57,25245,13136],{"class":63},[57,25247,620],{"class":71},[57,25249,17153],{"class":113},[57,25251,21825],{"class":71},[57,25253,25254,25256,25258,25260],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,25255,8296],{"class":101},[57,25257,105],{"class":71},[57,25259,432],{"class":113},[57,25261,316],{"class":71},[20,25263,25264],{},[1399,25265,216],{},[48,25267,25269],{"className":50,"code":25268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25270,25271,25276,25281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25272,25273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25274,25275],{"class":63},"name\n",[57,25277,25278],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25279,25280],{"class":63},"age\n",[57,25282,25283],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,25284,25285],{"class":63},"course\n",[20,25287,25288],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[48,25290,25292],{"className":50,"code":25291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25293,25294,25306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25295,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25297,6189],{"class":1962},[57,25299,18440],{"class":63},[57,25301,1969],{"class":1962},[57,25303,13136],{"class":63},[57,25305,6623],{"class":71},[57,25307,25308,25310,25312,25314],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25309,8296],{"class":101},[57,25311,105],{"class":71},[57,25313,432],{"class":113},[57,25315,316],{"class":71},[20,25317,25318,25319,25322],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25320,25321],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[43,25324,5194,25326],{"id":25325},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25327,17295],{},[20,25329,1806,25330,10828],{},[15,25331,17295],{},[30,25333,25334,25337,25340],{},[33,25335,25336],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[33,25338,25339],{},"you want to display available fields",[33,25341,25342],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25344,864],{},[48,25346,25348],{"className":50,"code":25347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25349,25350,25403,25407,25422,25439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25351,25352,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25372,25374,25376,25378,25381,25383,25385,25388,25390,25392,25395,25397,25399,25401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25353,25354],{"class":63},"product ",[57,25356,68],{"class":67},[57,25358,10718],{"class":71},[57,25360,170],{"class":169},[57,25362,7898],{"class":173},[57,25364,170],{"class":169},[57,25366,270],{"class":71},[57,25368,181],{"class":169},[57,25370,25371],{"class":173},"Book",[57,25373,170],{"class":169},[57,25375,79],{"class":71},[57,25377,181],{"class":169},[57,25379,25380],{"class":173},"price",[57,25382,170],{"class":169},[57,25384,270],{"class":71},[57,25386,25387],{"class":75}," 12.99",[57,25389,79],{"class":71},[57,25391,181],{"class":169},[57,25393,25394],{"class":173},"stock",[57,25396,170],{"class":169},[57,25398,270],{"class":71},[57,25400,92],{"class":75},[57,25402,9536],{"class":71},[57,25404,25405],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25406,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,25408,25409,25411,25413,25415,25418,25420],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,25410,102],{"class":101},[57,25412,105],{"class":71},[57,25414,170],{"class":169},[57,25416,25417],{"class":173},"Available fields:",[57,25419,170],{"class":169},[57,25421,316],{"class":71},[57,25423,25424,25426,25428,25430,25433,25435,25437],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,25425,6189],{"class":1962},[57,25427,18440],{"class":63},[57,25429,1969],{"class":1962},[57,25431,25432],{"class":63}," product",[57,25434,620],{"class":71},[57,25436,17153],{"class":113},[57,25438,21825],{"class":71},[57,25440,25441,25443,25445,25447],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,25442,8296],{"class":101},[57,25444,105],{"class":71},[57,25446,432],{"class":113},[57,25448,316],{"class":71},[20,25450,25451],{},[1399,25452,216],{},[48,25454,25456],{"className":50,"code":25455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25457,25458,25465,25469,25474],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25459,25460,25463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25461,25462],{"class":63},"Available fields",[57,25464,6623],{"class":71},[57,25466,25467],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25468,25275],{"class":63},[57,25470,25471],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,25472,25473],{"class":63},"price\n",[57,25475,25476],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,25477,25478],{"class":63},"stock\n",[20,25480,25481],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[48,25483,25485],{"className":50,"code":25484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25486,25487,25523,25527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25488,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25490,25354],{"class":63},[57,25492,68],{"class":67},[57,25494,10718],{"class":71},[57,25496,170],{"class":169},[57,25498,7898],{"class":173},[57,25500,170],{"class":169},[57,25502,270],{"class":71},[57,25504,181],{"class":169},[57,25506,25371],{"class":173},[57,25508,170],{"class":169},[57,25510,79],{"class":71},[57,25512,181],{"class":169},[57,25514,25380],{"class":173},[57,25516,170],{"class":169},[57,25518,270],{"class":71},[57,25520,25387],{"class":75},[57,25522,9536],{"class":71},[57,25524,25525],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25526,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,25528,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,25530,102],{"class":101},[57,25532,105],{"class":71},[57,25534,170],{"class":169},[57,25536,7898],{"class":173},[57,25538,170],{"class":169},[57,25540,21404],{"class":1962},[57,25542,25432],{"class":113},[57,25544,620],{"class":71},[57,25546,17153],{"class":113},[57,25548,1671],{"class":71},[20,25550,25551,25552,620],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25553,3845],{},[20,25555,25556],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[48,25558,25560],{"className":50,"code":25559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25561,25562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25563,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574,25576,25578],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25565,102],{"class":101},[57,25567,105],{"class":71},[57,25569,170],{"class":169},[57,25571,7898],{"class":173},[57,25573,170],{"class":169},[57,25575,21404],{"class":1962},[57,25577,25432],{"class":113},[57,25579,316],{"class":71},[20,25581,25582,25583,620],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[614,25584,21437],{"href":17383},[43,25586,25588],{"id":25587},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25590,25591,25592,620],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25593,17295],{},[943,25595,1848,25597,25599],{"id":25596},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25598,17295],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25601,25602,25604],{},[15,25603,17295],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25606,864],{},[48,25608,25610],{"className":50,"code":25609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25611,25612,25648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25613,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25615,9393],{"class":63},[57,25617,68],{"class":67},[57,25619,10718],{"class":71},[57,25621,170],{"class":169},[57,25623,7898],{"class":173},[57,25625,170],{"class":169},[57,25627,270],{"class":71},[57,25629,181],{"class":169},[57,25631,13110],{"class":173},[57,25633,170],{"class":169},[57,25635,79],{"class":71},[57,25637,181],{"class":169},[57,25639,9526],{"class":173},[57,25641,170],{"class":169},[57,25643,270],{"class":71},[57,25645,1617],{"class":75},[57,25647,9536],{"class":71},[57,25649,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25651,102],{"class":101},[57,25653,105],{"class":71},[57,25655,9431],{"class":113},[57,25657,620],{"class":71},[57,25659,17153],{"class":113},[57,25661,1671],{"class":71},[20,25663,25664],{},[1399,25665,216],{},[48,25667,25669],{"className":50,"code":25668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25670,25671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25672,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25674,17244],{"class":113},[57,25676,1949],{"class":71},[57,25678,3543],{"class":169},[57,25680,7898],{"class":173},[57,25682,3543],{"class":169},[57,25684,79],{"class":71},[57,25686,3538],{"class":169},[57,25688,9526],{"class":173},[57,25690,3543],{"class":169},[57,25692,1975],{"class":71},[20,25694,25695,25696,620],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[614,25697,25698],{"href":17305},[15,25699,17308],{},[943,25701,25703,25704],{"id":25702},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25705,17244],{},[20,25707,25708],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[48,25710,25712],{"className":50,"code":25711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25713,25714],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25715,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25717,1785],{"class":71},[57,25719,3543],{"class":169},[57,25721,7898],{"class":173},[57,25723,3543],{"class":169},[57,25725,79],{"class":71},[57,25727,3538],{"class":169},[57,25729,9526],{"class":173},[57,25731,3543],{"class":169},[57,25733,95],{"class":71},[20,25735,25736,25737,25739],{},"But ",[15,25738,17295],{}," returns:",[48,25741,25742],{"className":50,"code":25668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,25743,25744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25745,25746,25748,25750,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25747,17244],{"class":113},[57,25749,1949],{"class":71},[57,25751,3543],{"class":169},[57,25753,7898],{"class":173},[57,25755,3543],{"class":169},[57,25757,79],{"class":71},[57,25759,3538],{"class":169},[57,25761,9526],{"class":173},[57,25763,3543],{"class":169},[57,25765,1975],{"class":71},[20,25767,25768],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[48,25770,25772],{"className":50,"code":25771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25773,25774,25810,25829,25833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25775,25776,25778,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25777,9393],{"class":63},[57,25779,68],{"class":67},[57,25781,10718],{"class":71},[57,25783,170],{"class":169},[57,25785,7898],{"class":173},[57,25787,170],{"class":169},[57,25789,270],{"class":71},[57,25791,181],{"class":169},[57,25793,13110],{"class":173},[57,25795,170],{"class":169},[57,25797,79],{"class":71},[57,25799,181],{"class":169},[57,25801,9526],{"class":173},[57,25803,170],{"class":169},[57,25805,270],{"class":71},[57,25807,1617],{"class":75},[57,25809,9536],{"class":71},[57,25811,25812,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25813,25814],{"class":63},"key_list ",[57,25816,68],{"class":67},[57,25818,22790],{"class":1102},[57,25820,105],{"class":71},[57,25822,9431],{"class":113},[57,25824,620],{"class":71},[57,25826,17153],{"class":113},[57,25828,1671],{"class":71},[57,25830,25831],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,25832,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,25834,25835,25837,25839,25842],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,25836,102],{"class":101},[57,25838,105],{"class":71},[57,25840,25841],{"class":113},"key_list",[57,25843,316],{"class":71},[943,25845,25847,25848,25850],{"id":25846},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25849,17295],{}," on a list or string",[20,25852,25853,25855],{},[15,25854,17295],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25857,3080],{},[48,25859,25861],{"className":50,"code":25860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25862,25863,25883],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25864,25865,25867,25869,25871,25873,25875,25877,25879,25881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25866,64],{"class":63},[57,25868,68],{"class":67},[57,25870,72],{"class":71},[57,25872,3231],{"class":75},[57,25874,79],{"class":71},[57,25876,87],{"class":75},[57,25878,79],{"class":71},[57,25880,1793],{"class":75},[57,25882,95],{"class":71},[57,25884,25885,25887,25889,25891,25893,25895],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25886,102],{"class":101},[57,25888,105],{"class":71},[57,25890,114],{"class":113},[57,25892,620],{"class":71},[57,25894,17153],{"class":113},[57,25896,1671],{"class":71},[20,25898,25899,25900,25903,25904,25906,25907,620],{},"You may get an ",[15,25901,25902],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25905,17295],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[614,25908,25910,25911,25914],{"href":25909},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25912,25913],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[943,25916,25918],{"id":25917},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25920,25921],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[48,25923,25925],{"className":50,"code":25924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25926,25927,25951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25928,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25930,9393],{"class":63},[57,25932,68],{"class":67},[57,25934,10718],{"class":71},[57,25936,170],{"class":169},[57,25938,7898],{"class":173},[57,25940,170],{"class":169},[57,25942,270],{"class":71},[57,25944,181],{"class":169},[57,25946,13110],{"class":173},[57,25948,170],{"class":169},[57,25950,9536],{"class":71},[57,25952,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,25954,102],{"class":101},[57,25956,105],{"class":71},[57,25958,9431],{"class":113},[57,25960,620],{"class":71},[57,25962,17153],{"class":1108},[57,25964,316],{"class":71},[20,25966,25967],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25969,18926],{},[48,25971,25973],{"className":50,"code":25972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25974,25975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,25976,25977,25979,25981,25983,25985,25987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,25978,102],{"class":101},[57,25980,105],{"class":71},[57,25982,9431],{"class":113},[57,25984,620],{"class":71},[57,25986,17153],{"class":113},[57,25988,1671],{"class":71},[43,25990,1829],{"id":1828},[20,25992,25993,25994,270],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25995,17295],{},[30,25997,25998,26003,26009,26015],{},[33,25999,443,26000,26002],{},[15,26001,17295],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[33,26004,26005,26006,26008],{},"Thinking ",[15,26007,17295],{}," returns values too",[33,26010,26011,26012,26014],{},"Trying to index ",[15,26013,17244],{}," like a normal list",[33,26016,26017,26018,26020],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,26019,17244],{}," to a list when needed",[20,26022,26023],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[48,26025,26027],{"className":50,"code":26026,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,26028,26029,26061,26075,26079,26089],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26030,26031,26033,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26032,9393],{"class":63},[57,26034,68],{"class":67},[57,26036,10718],{"class":71},[57,26038,170],{"class":169},[57,26040,614],{"class":173},[57,26042,170],{"class":169},[57,26044,270],{"class":71},[57,26046,5729],{"class":75},[57,26048,79],{"class":71},[57,26050,181],{"class":169},[57,26052,4993],{"class":173},[57,26054,170],{"class":169},[57,26056,270],{"class":71},[57,26058,87],{"class":75},[57,26060,9536],{"class":71},[57,26062,26063,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26064,17472],{"class":63},[57,26066,68],{"class":67},[57,26068,14797],{"class":63},[57,26070,620],{"class":71},[57,26072,17153],{"class":113},[57,26074,8870],{"class":71},[57,26076,26077],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,26078,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,26080,26081,26083,26085,26087],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,26082,102],{"class":101},[57,26084,105],{"class":71},[57,26086,17153],{"class":113},[57,26088,316],{"class":71},[57,26090,26091],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,26092,26093],{"class":3903},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26095,26096],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[48,26098,26100],{"className":50,"code":26099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26101,26102,26134,26152,26156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26103,26104,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130,26132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26105,9393],{"class":63},[57,26107,68],{"class":67},[57,26109,10718],{"class":71},[57,26111,170],{"class":169},[57,26113,614],{"class":173},[57,26115,170],{"class":169},[57,26117,270],{"class":71},[57,26119,5729],{"class":75},[57,26121,79],{"class":71},[57,26123,181],{"class":169},[57,26125,4993],{"class":173},[57,26127,170],{"class":169},[57,26129,270],{"class":71},[57,26131,87],{"class":75},[57,26133,9536],{"class":71},[57,26135,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26137,17472],{"class":63},[57,26139,68],{"class":67},[57,26141,22790],{"class":1102},[57,26143,105],{"class":71},[57,26145,9431],{"class":113},[57,26147,620],{"class":71},[57,26149,17153],{"class":113},[57,26151,1671],{"class":71},[57,26153,26154],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,26155,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,26157,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,26159,102],{"class":101},[57,26161,105],{"class":71},[57,26163,17153],{"class":113},[57,26165,1785],{"class":71},[57,26167,1294],{"class":75},[57,26169,1975],{"class":71},[43,26171,26173],{"id":26172},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26175,1862],{},[48,26177,26179],{"className":50,"code":26178,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26180,26181,26195,26205,26219],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26182,26183,26185,26187,26189,26191,26193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26184,102],{"class":101},[57,26186,105],{"class":71},[57,26188,1886],{"class":1102},[57,26190,105],{"class":71},[57,26192,11677],{"class":113},[57,26194,117],{"class":71},[57,26196,26197,26199,26201,26203],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26198,102],{"class":101},[57,26200,105],{"class":71},[57,26202,11677],{"class":113},[57,26204,316],{"class":71},[57,26206,26207,26209,26211,26213,26215,26217],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,26208,102],{"class":101},[57,26210,105],{"class":71},[57,26212,11677],{"class":113},[57,26214,620],{"class":71},[57,26216,17153],{"class":113},[57,26218,1671],{"class":71},[57,26220,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,26222,102],{"class":101},[57,26224,105],{"class":71},[57,26226,8321],{"class":1102},[57,26228,105],{"class":71},[57,26230,11677],{"class":113},[57,26232,620],{"class":71},[57,26234,17153],{"class":113},[57,26236,6520],{"class":71},[20,26238,26239],{},"These help you confirm:",[30,26241,26242,26245,26248,26253],{},[33,26243,26244],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[33,26246,26247],{},"what data it contains",[33,26249,26250,26251,11934],{},"what ",[15,26252,17295],{},[33,26254,26255],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[43,26257,2011],{"id":2010},[943,26259,24149,26261,2018],{"id":26260},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26262,17295],{},[20,26264,17652,26265,26267],{},[15,26266,17244],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[943,26269,15133,26271,26274],{"id":26270},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26272,26273],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26276,26277,26278,26280,26281,620],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26279,17244],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26282,26283],{},"list(dict.keys())",[943,26285,26287,26288,2053],{"id":26286},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26289,26273],{},[20,26291,26292,26293,26295],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26294,6189],{}," loop.",[943,26297,26299,26300,26302],{"id":26298},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26301,17295],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26304,26305,26306,26308],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26307,17295],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[943,26310,26312],{"id":26311},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26314,1806,26315,620],{},[15,26316,26317],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[43,26319,2135],{"id":2134},[30,26321,26322,26327,26333,26339,26345,26349],{},[33,26323,26324],{},[614,26325,26326],{"href":9618},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[33,26328,26329],{},[614,26330,10964,26331,10968],{"href":17298},[15,26332,17301],{},[33,26334,26335],{},[614,26336,10964,26337,10968],{"href":17305},[15,26338,17308],{},[33,26340,26341],{},[614,26342,26344],{"href":26343},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[33,26346,26347],{},[614,26348,17384],{"href":17383},[33,26350,26351],{},[614,26352,26353,26354,25914],{"href":25909},"How to fix ",[15,26355,25913],{},[2172,26357,26358],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":26360},[26361,26362,26364,26365,26366,26367,26368,26370,26379,26380,26381,26392],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":24480,"depth":98,"text":26363},"What keys() does",{"id":6017,"depth":98,"text":6018},{"id":5661,"depth":98,"text":5662},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":25169,"depth":98,"text":25170},{"id":25325,"depth":98,"text":26369},"When to use keys()",{"id":25587,"depth":98,"text":25588,"children":26371},[26372,26374,26376,26378],{"id":25596,"depth":120,"text":26373},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25702,"depth":120,"text":26375},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25846,"depth":120,"text":26377},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25917,"depth":120,"text":25918},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":26172,"depth":98,"text":26173},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":26382},[26383,26385,26387,26389,26391],{"id":26260,"depth":120,"text":26384},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26270,"depth":120,"text":26386},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26286,"depth":120,"text":26388},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26298,"depth":120,"text":26390},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26311,"depth":120,"text":26312},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24302,"description":26393},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26399,"title":26400,"body":26401,"description":28673,"extension":2219,"meta":28674,"navigation":123,"path":28675,"seo":28676,"stem":28677,"__hash__":28678},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26402,"toc":28626},[26403,26408,26413,26416,26418,26564,26577,26582,26586,26600,26602,26705,26714,26716,26719,26756,26781,26783,26890,26892,26899,26902,26910,26912,27053,27061,27066,27070,27081,27083,27245,27248,27256,27263,27269,27366,27372,27449,27452,27464,27469,27475,27478,27482,27571,27574,27578,27682,27689,27776,27785,27787,27792,27798,27801,27847,27850,27916,27925,27931,28024,28030,28036,28079,28082,28147,28153,28245,28248,28252,28258,28283,28286,28382,28389,28391,28396,28487,28489,28517,28522,28524,28531,28534,28538,28548,28553,28556,28563,28573,28580,28588,28590,28623],[10,26404,11545,26406,11549],{"id":26405},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26407,12992],{},[20,26409,26410,26412],{},[15,26411,12798],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26414,26415],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[43,26417,3850],{"id":3849},[48,26419,26421],{"className":50,"code":26420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26422,26423,26459,26483,26497,26510,26514,26519,26551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26424,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433,26435,26437,26439,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26426,13435],{"class":63},[57,26428,68],{"class":67},[57,26430,10718],{"class":71},[57,26432,170],{"class":169},[57,26434,7898],{"class":173},[57,26436,170],{"class":169},[57,26438,270],{"class":71},[57,26440,181],{"class":169},[57,26442,13110],{"class":173},[57,26444,170],{"class":169},[57,26446,79],{"class":71},[57,26448,181],{"class":169},[57,26450,9526],{"class":173},[57,26452,170],{"class":169},[57,26454,270],{"class":71},[57,26456,9533],{"class":75},[57,26458,9536],{"class":71},[57,26460,26461,26464,26466,26468,26470,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26462,26463],{"class":63},"removed_age ",[57,26465,68],{"class":67},[57,26467,13478],{"class":63},[57,26469,620],{"class":71},[57,26471,26472],{"class":113},"pop",[57,26474,105],{"class":71},[57,26476,170],{"class":169},[57,26478,9526],{"class":173},[57,26480,170],{"class":169},[57,26482,316],{"class":71},[57,26484,26485,26487,26489,26492,26494],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,26486,102],{"class":101},[57,26488,105],{"class":71},[57,26490,26491],{"class":113},"removed_age",[57,26493,1959],{"class":71},[57,26495,26496],{"class":3903},"   # 25\n",[57,26498,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,26500,102],{"class":101},[57,26502,105],{"class":71},[57,26504,17537],{"class":113},[57,26506,1959],{"class":71},[57,26508,26509],{"class":3903},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[57,26511,26512],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,26513,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,26515,26516],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,26517,26518],{"class":3903},"# Safe version with default value\n",[57,26520,26521,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536,26538,26540,26542,26544,26547,26549],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,26522,26523],{"class":63},"country ",[57,26525,68],{"class":67},[57,26527,13478],{"class":63},[57,26529,620],{"class":71},[57,26531,26472],{"class":113},[57,26533,105],{"class":71},[57,26535,170],{"class":169},[57,26537,15492],{"class":173},[57,26539,170],{"class":169},[57,26541,79],{"class":71},[57,26543,181],{"class":169},[57,26545,26546],{"class":173},"Not found",[57,26548,170],{"class":169},[57,26550,316],{"class":71},[57,26552,26553,26555,26557,26559,26561],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,26554,102],{"class":101},[57,26556,105],{"class":71},[57,26558,15492],{"class":113},[57,26560,1959],{"class":71},[57,26562,26563],{"class":3903},"       # Not found\n",[20,26565,1806,26566,26569,26570,26573,26574,26576],{},[15,26567,26568],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26571,26572],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26575,19919],{}," when the key might not exist.",[43,26578,262,26580,265],{"id":26579},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26581,12798],{},[20,26583,26584,270],{},[15,26585,12798],{},[30,26587,26588,26591,26594,26597],{},[33,26589,26590],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[33,26592,26593],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[33,26595,26596],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[33,26598,26599],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26601,864],{},[48,26603,26605],{"className":50,"code":26604,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26606,26607,26647,26651,26674,26678,26692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26608,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625,26627,26629,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639,26641,26643,26645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26610,11716],{"class":63},[57,26612,68],{"class":67},[57,26614,10718],{"class":71},[57,26616,170],{"class":169},[57,26618,7898],{"class":173},[57,26620,170],{"class":169},[57,26622,270],{"class":71},[57,26624,181],{"class":169},[57,26626,13452],{"class":173},[57,26628,170],{"class":169},[57,26630,79],{"class":71},[57,26632,181],{"class":169},[57,26634,10636],{"class":173},[57,26636,170],{"class":169},[57,26638,270],{"class":71},[57,26640,181],{"class":169},[57,26642,10643],{"class":173},[57,26644,170],{"class":169},[57,26646,9536],{"class":71},[57,26648,26649],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26650,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,26652,26653,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,26654,26655],{"class":63},"removed_city ",[57,26657,68],{"class":67},[57,26659,11799],{"class":63},[57,26661,620],{"class":71},[57,26663,26472],{"class":113},[57,26665,105],{"class":71},[57,26667,170],{"class":169},[57,26669,10636],{"class":173},[57,26671,170],{"class":169},[57,26673,316],{"class":71},[57,26675,26676],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,26677,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,26679,26680,26682,26684,26687,26689],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,26681,102],{"class":101},[57,26683,105],{"class":71},[57,26685,26686],{"class":113},"removed_city",[57,26688,1959],{"class":71},[57,26690,26691],{"class":3903},"  # Paris\n",[57,26693,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,26695,102],{"class":101},[57,26697,105],{"class":71},[57,26699,11810],{"class":113},[57,26701,1959],{"class":71},[57,26703,26704],{"class":3903},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26706,1023,26707,26710,26711,620],{},[15,26708,26709],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26712,26713],{},"\"Paris\"",[43,26715,294],{"id":293},[20,26717,26718],{},"There are two common forms:",[48,26720,26722],{"className":50,"code":26721,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26723,26724,26738],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26725,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26727,11677],{"class":63},[57,26729,620],{"class":71},[57,26731,26472],{"class":113},[57,26733,105],{"class":71},[57,26735,432],{"class":113},[57,26737,316],{"class":71},[57,26739,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752,26754],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26741,11677],{"class":63},[57,26743,620],{"class":71},[57,26745,26472],{"class":113},[57,26747,105],{"class":71},[57,26749,432],{"class":113},[57,26751,79],{"class":71},[57,26753,359],{"class":113},[57,26755,316],{"class":71},[30,26757,26758,26764,26772,26778],{},[33,26759,26760,26763],{},[15,26761,26762],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[33,26765,26766,26768,26769,26771],{},[15,26767,26762],{}," raises ",[15,26770,19919],{}," if the key is missing",[33,26773,26774,26777],{},[15,26775,26776],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[33,26779,26780],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26782,864],{},[48,26784,26786],{"className":50,"code":26785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26787,26788,26820,26824,26849,26877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26789,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814,26816,26818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26791,459],{"class":63},[57,26793,68],{"class":67},[57,26795,10718],{"class":71},[57,26797,170],{"class":169},[57,26799,18648],{"class":173},[57,26801,170],{"class":169},[57,26803,270],{"class":71},[57,26805,20130],{"class":75},[57,26807,79],{"class":71},[57,26809,181],{"class":169},[57,26811,18657],{"class":173},[57,26813,170],{"class":169},[57,26815,270],{"class":71},[57,26817,476],{"class":75},[57,26819,9536],{"class":71},[57,26821,26822],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26823,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,26825,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,26827,102],{"class":101},[57,26829,105],{"class":71},[57,26831,498],{"class":113},[57,26833,620],{"class":71},[57,26835,26472],{"class":113},[57,26837,105],{"class":71},[57,26839,170],{"class":169},[57,26841,18648],{"class":173},[57,26843,170],{"class":169},[57,26845,5592],{"class":71},[57,26847,26848],{"class":3903},"         # 90\n",[57,26850,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,26852,102],{"class":101},[57,26854,105],{"class":71},[57,26856,498],{"class":113},[57,26858,620],{"class":71},[57,26860,26472],{"class":113},[57,26862,105],{"class":71},[57,26864,170],{"class":169},[57,26866,18666],{"class":173},[57,26868,170],{"class":169},[57,26870,79],{"class":71},[57,26872,4072],{"class":75},[57,26874,5592],{"class":71},[57,26876,20999],{"class":3903},[57,26878,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,26880,102],{"class":101},[57,26882,105],{"class":71},[57,26884,498],{"class":113},[57,26886,1959],{"class":71},[57,26888,26889],{"class":3903},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[43,26891,17649],{"id":17648},[20,26893,26894,14284,26896,26898],{},[15,26895,12992],{},[1399,26897,1401],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26900,26901],{},"Instead, it returns:",[30,26903,26904,26907],{},[33,26905,26906],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[33,26908,26909],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26911,864],{},[48,26913,26915],{"className":50,"code":26914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26916,26917,26949,26953,26976,27008,27012,27026,27040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,26918,26919,26921,26923,26925,26927,26929,26931,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,26920,9393],{"class":63},[57,26922,68],{"class":67},[57,26924,10718],{"class":71},[57,26926,170],{"class":169},[57,26928,614],{"class":173},[57,26930,170],{"class":169},[57,26932,270],{"class":71},[57,26934,6234],{"class":75},[57,26936,79],{"class":71},[57,26938,181],{"class":169},[57,26940,4993],{"class":173},[57,26942,170],{"class":169},[57,26944,270],{"class":71},[57,26946,1617],{"class":75},[57,26948,9536],{"class":71},[57,26950,26951],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,26952,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,26954,26955,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26972,26974],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,26956,26957],{"class":63},"result1 ",[57,26959,68],{"class":67},[57,26961,14797],{"class":63},[57,26963,620],{"class":71},[57,26965,26472],{"class":113},[57,26967,105],{"class":71},[57,26969,170],{"class":169},[57,26971,614],{"class":173},[57,26973,170],{"class":169},[57,26975,316],{"class":71},[57,26977,26978,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27004,27006],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,26979,26980],{"class":63},"result2 ",[57,26982,68],{"class":67},[57,26984,14797],{"class":63},[57,26986,620],{"class":71},[57,26988,26472],{"class":113},[57,26990,105],{"class":71},[57,26992,170],{"class":169},[57,26994,9966],{"class":173},[57,26996,170],{"class":169},[57,26998,79],{"class":71},[57,27000,181],{"class":169},[57,27002,27003],{"class":173},"missing",[57,27005,170],{"class":169},[57,27007,316],{"class":71},[57,27009,27010],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,27011,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27013,27014,27016,27018,27021,27023],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,27015,102],{"class":101},[57,27017,105],{"class":71},[57,27019,27020],{"class":113},"result1",[57,27022,1959],{"class":71},[57,27024,27025],{"class":3903},"  # 10\n",[57,27027,27028,27030,27032,27035,27037],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,27029,102],{"class":101},[57,27031,105],{"class":71},[57,27033,27034],{"class":113},"result2",[57,27036,1959],{"class":71},[57,27038,27039],{"class":3903},"  # missing\n",[57,27041,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,27043,102],{"class":101},[57,27045,105],{"class":71},[57,27047,9431],{"class":113},[57,27049,1959],{"class":71},[57,27051,27052],{"class":3903},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,27054,27055,27056,6861],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[614,27057,27058],{"href":10963},[15,27059,27060],{},"dict.get()",[43,27062,5194,27064],{"id":27063},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27065,12992],{},[20,27067,1806,27068,10828],{},[15,27069,12992],{},[30,27071,27072,27075,27078],{},[33,27073,27074],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[33,27076,27077],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[33,27079,27080],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27082,864],{},[48,27084,27086],{"className":50,"code":27085,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27087,27088,27140,27144,27171,27175,27199,27203,27217,27231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27089,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27124,27126,27128,27131,27133,27135,27138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27091,25354],{"class":63},[57,27093,68],{"class":67},[57,27095,10718],{"class":71},[57,27097,170],{"class":169},[57,27099,7898],{"class":173},[57,27101,170],{"class":169},[57,27103,270],{"class":71},[57,27105,181],{"class":169},[57,27107,27108],{"class":173},"Laptop",[57,27110,170],{"class":169},[57,27112,79],{"class":71},[57,27114,181],{"class":169},[57,27116,25380],{"class":173},[57,27118,170],{"class":169},[57,27120,270],{"class":71},[57,27122,27123],{"class":75}," 1200",[57,27125,79],{"class":71},[57,27127,181],{"class":169},[57,27129,27130],{"class":173},"discount",[57,27132,170],{"class":169},[57,27134,270],{"class":71},[57,27136,27137],{"class":75}," 200",[57,27139,9536],{"class":71},[57,27141,27142],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27143,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27145,27146,27149,27151,27153,27155,27157,27159,27161,27163,27165,27167,27169],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,27147,27148],{"class":63},"discount_amount ",[57,27150,68],{"class":67},[57,27152,25432],{"class":63},[57,27154,620],{"class":71},[57,27156,26472],{"class":113},[57,27158,105],{"class":71},[57,27160,170],{"class":169},[57,27162,27130],{"class":173},[57,27164,170],{"class":169},[57,27166,79],{"class":71},[57,27168,4072],{"class":75},[57,27170,316],{"class":71},[57,27172,27173],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,27174,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27176,27177,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,27178,27179],{"class":63},"final_price ",[57,27181,68],{"class":67},[57,27183,25432],{"class":63},[57,27185,1785],{"class":71},[57,27187,170],{"class":169},[57,27189,25380],{"class":173},[57,27191,170],{"class":169},[57,27193,13504],{"class":71},[57,27195,2474],{"class":67},[57,27197,27198],{"class":63}," discount_amount\n",[57,27200,27201],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,27202,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27204,27205,27207,27209,27212,27214],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,27206,102],{"class":101},[57,27208,105],{"class":71},[57,27210,27211],{"class":113},"discount_amount",[57,27213,1959],{"class":71},[57,27215,27216],{"class":3903},"  # 200\n",[57,27218,27219,27221,27223,27226,27228],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,27220,102],{"class":101},[57,27222,105],{"class":71},[57,27224,27225],{"class":113},"final_price",[57,27227,1959],{"class":71},[57,27229,27230],{"class":3903},"      # 1000\n",[57,27232,27233,27235,27237,27240,27242],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,27234,102],{"class":101},[57,27236,105],{"class":71},[57,27238,27239],{"class":113},"product",[57,27241,1959],{"class":71},[57,27243,27244],{"class":3903},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27246,27247],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[43,27249,27251,1682,27253],{"id":27250},"pop-vs-del",[15,27252,12992],{},[15,27254,27255],{},"del",[20,27257,10817,27258,1242,27260,27262],{},[15,27259,12992],{},[15,27261,27255],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[943,27264,1806,27266,27268],{"id":27265},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27267,12992],{}," when you need the removed value",[48,27270,27272],{"className":50,"code":27271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27273,27274,27310,27314,27336,27340,27353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27275,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27277,13435],{"class":63},[57,27279,68],{"class":67},[57,27281,10718],{"class":71},[57,27283,170],{"class":169},[57,27285,7898],{"class":173},[57,27287,170],{"class":169},[57,27289,270],{"class":71},[57,27291,181],{"class":169},[57,27293,13110],{"class":173},[57,27295,170],{"class":169},[57,27297,79],{"class":71},[57,27299,181],{"class":169},[57,27301,9526],{"class":173},[57,27303,170],{"class":169},[57,27305,270],{"class":71},[57,27307,9533],{"class":75},[57,27309,9536],{"class":71},[57,27311,27312],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27313,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27315,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,27317,21858],{"class":63},[57,27319,68],{"class":67},[57,27321,13478],{"class":63},[57,27323,620],{"class":71},[57,27325,26472],{"class":113},[57,27327,105],{"class":71},[57,27329,170],{"class":169},[57,27331,9526],{"class":173},[57,27333,170],{"class":169},[57,27335,316],{"class":71},[57,27337,27338],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,27339,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27341,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,27343,102],{"class":101},[57,27345,105],{"class":71},[57,27347,9526],{"class":113},[57,27349,1959],{"class":71},[57,27351,27352],{"class":3903},"     # 25\n",[57,27354,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,27356,102],{"class":101},[57,27358,105],{"class":71},[57,27360,17537],{"class":113},[57,27362,1959],{"class":71},[57,27364,27365],{"class":3903},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[943,27367,1806,27369,27371],{"id":27368},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27370,27255],{}," when you only want deletion",[48,27373,27375],{"className":50,"code":27374,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27376,27377,27413,27417,27433,27437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27378,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27380,13435],{"class":63},[57,27382,68],{"class":67},[57,27384,10718],{"class":71},[57,27386,170],{"class":169},[57,27388,7898],{"class":173},[57,27390,170],{"class":169},[57,27392,270],{"class":71},[57,27394,181],{"class":169},[57,27396,13110],{"class":173},[57,27398,170],{"class":169},[57,27400,79],{"class":71},[57,27402,181],{"class":169},[57,27404,9526],{"class":173},[57,27406,170],{"class":169},[57,27408,270],{"class":71},[57,27410,9533],{"class":75},[57,27412,9536],{"class":71},[57,27414,27415],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27416,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27418,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,27420,27255],{"class":1962},[57,27422,13478],{"class":63},[57,27424,1785],{"class":71},[57,27426,170],{"class":169},[57,27428,9526],{"class":173},[57,27430,170],{"class":169},[57,27432,95],{"class":71},[57,27434,27435],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,27436,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27438,27439,27441,27443,27445,27447],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,27440,102],{"class":101},[57,27442,105],{"class":71},[57,27444,17537],{"class":113},[57,27446,1959],{"class":71},[57,27448,27365],{"class":3903},[20,27450,27451],{},"Difference:",[30,27453,27454,27459],{},[33,27455,27456,27458],{},[15,27457,12992],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[33,27460,27461,27463],{},[15,27462,27255],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27465,27466,27467,620],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[614,27468,12803],{"href":12802},[43,27470,27472,27473],{"id":27471},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27474,19919],{},[20,27476,27477],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[943,27479,27481],{"id":27480},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[48,27483,27485],{"className":50,"code":27484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27486,27487,27512,27516,27542,27546,27558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27488,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27508,27510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27490,11953],{"class":63},[57,27492,68],{"class":67},[57,27494,10718],{"class":71},[57,27496,170],{"class":169},[57,27498,7898],{"class":173},[57,27500,170],{"class":169},[57,27502,270],{"class":71},[57,27504,181],{"class":169},[57,27506,27507],{"class":173},"Sara",[57,27509,170],{"class":169},[57,27511,9536],{"class":71},[57,27513,27514],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27515,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27517,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,27519,2696],{"class":63},[57,27521,68],{"class":67},[57,27523,11995],{"class":63},[57,27525,620],{"class":71},[57,27527,26472],{"class":113},[57,27529,105],{"class":71},[57,27531,170],{"class":169},[57,27533,9526],{"class":173},[57,27535,170],{"class":169},[57,27537,79],{"class":71},[57,27539,4091],{"class":1523},[57,27541,316],{"class":71},[57,27543,27544],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,27545,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27547,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,27549,102],{"class":101},[57,27551,105],{"class":71},[57,27553,364],{"class":113},[57,27555,1959],{"class":71},[57,27557,20792],{"class":3903},[57,27559,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,27561,102],{"class":101},[57,27563,105],{"class":71},[57,27565,11677],{"class":113},[57,27567,1959],{"class":71},[57,27569,27570],{"class":3903}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27572,27573],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[943,27575,27577],{"id":27576},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[48,27579,27581],{"className":50,"code":27580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27582,27583,27607,27611,27627,27650,27660,27667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27584,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595,27597,27599,27601,27603,27605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27586,11953],{"class":63},[57,27588,68],{"class":67},[57,27590,10718],{"class":71},[57,27592,170],{"class":169},[57,27594,7898],{"class":173},[57,27596,170],{"class":169},[57,27598,270],{"class":71},[57,27600,181],{"class":169},[57,27602,27507],{"class":173},[57,27604,170],{"class":169},[57,27606,9536],{"class":71},[57,27608,27609],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27610,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27612,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,27614,7228],{"class":1962},[57,27616,181],{"class":169},[57,27618,9526],{"class":173},[57,27620,170],{"class":169},[57,27622,21404],{"class":67},[57,27624,11995],{"class":63},[57,27626,6623],{"class":71},[57,27628,27629,27632,27634,27636,27638,27640,27642,27644,27646,27648],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,27630,27631],{"class":63},"    value ",[57,27633,68],{"class":67},[57,27635,11995],{"class":63},[57,27637,620],{"class":71},[57,27639,26472],{"class":113},[57,27641,105],{"class":71},[57,27643,170],{"class":169},[57,27645,9526],{"class":173},[57,27647,170],{"class":169},[57,27649,316],{"class":71},[57,27651,27652,27654,27656,27658],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,27653,8296],{"class":101},[57,27655,105],{"class":71},[57,27657,364],{"class":113},[57,27659,316],{"class":71},[57,27661,27662,27665],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,27663,27664],{"class":1962},"else",[57,27666,6623],{"class":71},[57,27668,27669,27671,27673,27675,27678,27680],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,27670,8296],{"class":101},[57,27672,105],{"class":71},[57,27674,170],{"class":169},[57,27676,27677],{"class":173},"Key not found",[57,27679,170],{"class":169},[57,27681,316],{"class":71},[943,27683,27685,27686,27688],{"id":27684},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27687,10967],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[48,27690,27692],{"className":50,"code":27691,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27693,27694,27718,27722,27748,27752,27764],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27695,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27697,11953],{"class":63},[57,27699,68],{"class":67},[57,27701,10718],{"class":71},[57,27703,170],{"class":169},[57,27705,7898],{"class":173},[57,27707,170],{"class":169},[57,27709,270],{"class":71},[57,27711,181],{"class":169},[57,27713,27507],{"class":173},[57,27715,170],{"class":169},[57,27717,9536],{"class":71},[57,27719,27720],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27721,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27723,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,27725,2696],{"class":63},[57,27727,68],{"class":67},[57,27729,11995],{"class":63},[57,27731,620],{"class":71},[57,27733,19982],{"class":113},[57,27735,105],{"class":71},[57,27737,170],{"class":169},[57,27739,9526],{"class":173},[57,27741,170],{"class":169},[57,27743,79],{"class":71},[57,27745,4091],{"class":1523},[57,27747,316],{"class":71},[57,27749,27750],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,27751,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27753,27754,27756,27758,27760,27762],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,27755,102],{"class":101},[57,27757,105],{"class":71},[57,27759,364],{"class":113},[57,27761,1959],{"class":71},[57,27763,20792],{"class":3903},[57,27765,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,27767,102],{"class":101},[57,27769,105],{"class":71},[57,27771,11677],{"class":113},[57,27773,1959],{"class":71},[57,27775,27570],{"class":3903},[20,27777,1806,27778,27782,27783,620],{},[614,27779,27780],{"href":10963},[15,27781,27060],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[614,27784,11489],{"href":11302},[43,27786,4751],{"id":4750},[20,27788,27789,27790,620],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27791,12798],{},[943,27793,26005,27795,27797],{"id":27794},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27796,12992],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27799,27800],{},"Lists use indexes:",[48,27802,27804],{"className":50,"code":27803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27805,27806,27826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27807,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27809,64],{"class":63},[57,27811,68],{"class":67},[57,27813,72],{"class":71},[57,27815,1561],{"class":75},[57,27817,79],{"class":71},[57,27819,1617],{"class":75},[57,27821,79],{"class":71},[57,27823,1575],{"class":75},[57,27825,95],{"class":71},[57,27827,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27829,102],{"class":101},[57,27831,105],{"class":71},[57,27833,114],{"class":113},[57,27835,620],{"class":71},[57,27837,26472],{"class":113},[57,27839,105],{"class":71},[57,27841,3231],{"class":75},[57,27843,5592],{"class":71},[57,27845,27846],{"class":3903},"  # 20\n",[20,27848,27849],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[48,27851,27853],{"className":50,"code":27852,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27854,27855,27891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27856,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27858,13435],{"class":63},[57,27860,68],{"class":67},[57,27862,10718],{"class":71},[57,27864,170],{"class":169},[57,27866,7898],{"class":173},[57,27868,170],{"class":169},[57,27870,270],{"class":71},[57,27872,181],{"class":169},[57,27874,13110],{"class":173},[57,27876,170],{"class":169},[57,27878,79],{"class":71},[57,27880,181],{"class":169},[57,27882,9526],{"class":173},[57,27884,170],{"class":169},[57,27886,270],{"class":71},[57,27888,9533],{"class":75},[57,27890,9536],{"class":71},[57,27892,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27894,102],{"class":101},[57,27896,105],{"class":71},[57,27898,17537],{"class":113},[57,27900,620],{"class":71},[57,27902,26472],{"class":113},[57,27904,105],{"class":71},[57,27906,170],{"class":169},[57,27908,9526],{"class":173},[57,27910,170],{"class":169},[57,27912,5592],{"class":71},[57,27914,27915],{"class":3903},"  # 25\n",[20,27917,27918,27919,27921,27922,27924],{},"A dictionary does ",[1399,27920,1401],{}," use positions with ",[15,27923,12992],{},". It uses keys.",[943,27926,4936,27928,27930],{"id":27927},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27929,12992],{}," changes the original dictionary",[48,27932,27934],{"className":50,"code":27933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27935,27936,27968,27972,27994,27998,28011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,27937,27938,27940,27942,27944,27946,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,27939,9393],{"class":63},[57,27941,68],{"class":67},[57,27943,10718],{"class":71},[57,27945,170],{"class":169},[57,27947,1956],{"class":173},[57,27949,170],{"class":169},[57,27951,270],{"class":71},[57,27953,5729],{"class":75},[57,27955,79],{"class":71},[57,27957,181],{"class":169},[57,27959,11974],{"class":173},[57,27961,170],{"class":169},[57,27963,270],{"class":71},[57,27965,87],{"class":75},[57,27967,9536],{"class":71},[57,27969,27970],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,27971,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27973,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,27975,2696],{"class":63},[57,27977,68],{"class":67},[57,27979,14797],{"class":63},[57,27981,620],{"class":71},[57,27983,26472],{"class":113},[57,27985,105],{"class":71},[57,27987,170],{"class":169},[57,27989,1956],{"class":173},[57,27991,170],{"class":169},[57,27993,316],{"class":71},[57,27995,27996],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,27997,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,27999,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,28001,102],{"class":101},[57,28003,105],{"class":71},[57,28005,364],{"class":113},[57,28007,1959],{"class":71},[57,28009,28010],{"class":3903},"  # 1\n",[57,28012,28013,28015,28017,28019,28021],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,28014,102],{"class":101},[57,28016,105],{"class":71},[57,28018,9431],{"class":113},[57,28020,1959],{"class":71},[57,28022,28023],{"class":3903},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,28025,28026,28027,28029],{},"After ",[15,28028,12992],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[943,28031,443,28033,28035],{"id":28032},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,28034,12992],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[48,28037,28039],{"className":50,"code":28038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,28040,28041,28065,28069,28074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28042,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28044,9393],{"class":63},[57,28046,68],{"class":67},[57,28048,10718],{"class":71},[57,28050,170],{"class":169},[57,28052,7898],{"class":173},[57,28054,170],{"class":169},[57,28056,270],{"class":71},[57,28058,181],{"class":169},[57,28060,8148],{"class":173},[57,28062,170],{"class":169},[57,28064,9536],{"class":71},[57,28066,28067],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28068,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,28070,28071],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,28072,28073],{"class":3903},"# This causes an error\n",[57,28075,28076],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,28077,28078],{"class":3903},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28080,28081],{},"Safer version:",[48,28083,28085],{"className":50,"code":28084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28086,28087,28111,28115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28088,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28090,9393],{"class":63},[57,28092,68],{"class":67},[57,28094,10718],{"class":71},[57,28096,170],{"class":169},[57,28098,7898],{"class":173},[57,28100,170],{"class":169},[57,28102,270],{"class":71},[57,28104,181],{"class":169},[57,28106,8148],{"class":173},[57,28108,170],{"class":169},[57,28110,9536],{"class":71},[57,28112,28113],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28114,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,28116,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,28118,102],{"class":101},[57,28120,105],{"class":71},[57,28122,9431],{"class":113},[57,28124,620],{"class":71},[57,28126,26472],{"class":113},[57,28128,105],{"class":71},[57,28130,170],{"class":169},[57,28132,9526],{"class":173},[57,28134,170],{"class":169},[57,28136,79],{"class":71},[57,28138,181],{"class":169},[57,28140,27003],{"class":173},[57,28142,170],{"class":169},[57,28144,5592],{"class":71},[57,28146,27039],{"class":3903},[943,28148,1848,28150,28152],{"id":28149},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28151,12992],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[48,28154,28156],{"className":50,"code":28155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28157,28158,28190,28194,28216,28220,28232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28159,28160,28162,28164,28166,28168,28170,28172,28174,28176,28178,28180,28182,28184,28186,28188],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28161,9393],{"class":63},[57,28163,68],{"class":67},[57,28165,10718],{"class":71},[57,28167,170],{"class":169},[57,28169,614],{"class":173},[57,28171,170],{"class":169},[57,28173,270],{"class":71},[57,28175,5729],{"class":75},[57,28177,79],{"class":71},[57,28179,181],{"class":169},[57,28181,4993],{"class":173},[57,28183,170],{"class":169},[57,28185,270],{"class":71},[57,28187,87],{"class":75},[57,28189,9536],{"class":71},[57,28191,28192],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28193,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,28195,28196,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,28197,1336],{"class":63},[57,28199,68],{"class":67},[57,28201,14797],{"class":63},[57,28203,620],{"class":71},[57,28205,26472],{"class":113},[57,28207,105],{"class":71},[57,28209,170],{"class":169},[57,28211,614],{"class":173},[57,28213,170],{"class":169},[57,28215,316],{"class":71},[57,28217,28218],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,28219,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,28221,28222,28224,28226,28228,28230],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,28223,102],{"class":101},[57,28225,105],{"class":71},[57,28227,1368],{"class":113},[57,28229,1959],{"class":71},[57,28231,28010],{"class":3903},[57,28233,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,28235,102],{"class":101},[57,28237,105],{"class":71},[57,28239,9431],{"class":113},[57,28241,1959],{"class":71},[57,28243,28244],{"class":3903},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28246,28247],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[43,28249,28251],{"id":28250},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28253,28254,28255,28257],{},"Problems with ",[15,28256,12798],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[30,28259,28260,28263,28272,28275],{},[33,28261,28262],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[33,28264,28265,28266,28269,28270],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28267,28268],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28271,26568],{},[33,28273,28274],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[33,28276,28277,28278,11320,28280],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28279,3231],{},[15,28281,28282],{},"\"1\"",[20,28284,28285],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[48,28287,28289],{"className":50,"code":28288,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28290,28291,28315,28319,28349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28292,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305,28307,28309,28311,28313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28294,9393],{"class":63},[57,28296,68],{"class":67},[57,28298,10718],{"class":71},[57,28300,170],{"class":169},[57,28302,3231],{"class":173},[57,28304,170],{"class":169},[57,28306,270],{"class":71},[57,28308,181],{"class":169},[57,28310,6815],{"class":173},[57,28312,170],{"class":169},[57,28314,9536],{"class":71},[57,28316,28317],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28318,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,28320,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28342,28344,28346],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,28322,102],{"class":101},[57,28324,105],{"class":71},[57,28326,9431],{"class":113},[57,28328,620],{"class":71},[57,28330,26472],{"class":113},[57,28332,105],{"class":71},[57,28334,3231],{"class":75},[57,28336,79],{"class":71},[57,28338,181],{"class":169},[57,28340,28341],{"class":173},"not found",[57,28343,170],{"class":169},[57,28345,5592],{"class":71},[57,28347,28348],{"class":3903},"    # not found\n",[57,28350,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,28352,102],{"class":101},[57,28354,105],{"class":71},[57,28356,9431],{"class":113},[57,28358,620],{"class":71},[57,28360,26472],{"class":113},[57,28362,105],{"class":71},[57,28364,170],{"class":169},[57,28366,3231],{"class":173},[57,28368,170],{"class":169},[57,28370,79],{"class":71},[57,28372,181],{"class":169},[57,28374,28341],{"class":173},[57,28376,170],{"class":169},[57,28378,5592],{"class":71},[57,28380,28381],{"class":3903},"  # one\n",[20,28383,28384,1242,28386,28388],{},[15,28385,3231],{},[15,28387,28282],{}," are different keys.",[43,28390,9100],{"id":9099},[20,28392,9103,28393,28395],{},[15,28394,12992],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,28397,28399],{"className":50,"code":28398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28400,28401,28411,28425,28443,28473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28402,28403,28405,28407,28409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28404,102],{"class":101},[57,28406,105],{"class":71},[57,28408,11677],{"class":113},[57,28410,316],{"class":71},[57,28412,28413,28415,28417,28419,28421,28423],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28414,102],{"class":101},[57,28416,105],{"class":71},[57,28418,11677],{"class":113},[57,28420,620],{"class":71},[57,28422,17153],{"class":113},[57,28424,1671],{"class":71},[57,28426,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437,28439,28441],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,28428,102],{"class":101},[57,28430,105],{"class":71},[57,28432,3543],{"class":169},[57,28434,7898],{"class":173},[57,28436,3543],{"class":169},[57,28438,21404],{"class":1962},[57,28440,11995],{"class":113},[57,28442,316],{"class":71},[57,28444,28445,28447,28449,28451,28453,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,28446,102],{"class":101},[57,28448,105],{"class":71},[57,28450,11677],{"class":113},[57,28452,620],{"class":71},[57,28454,26472],{"class":113},[57,28456,105],{"class":71},[57,28458,3543],{"class":169},[57,28460,7898],{"class":173},[57,28462,3543],{"class":169},[57,28464,79],{"class":71},[57,28466,3538],{"class":169},[57,28468,27003],{"class":173},[57,28470,3543],{"class":169},[57,28472,117],{"class":71},[57,28474,28475,28477,28479,28481,28483,28485],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,28476,102],{"class":101},[57,28478,105],{"class":71},[57,28480,1886],{"class":1102},[57,28482,105],{"class":71},[57,28484,11677],{"class":113},[57,28486,117],{"class":71},[20,28488,21567],{},[30,28490,28491,28496,28501,28506,28512],{},[33,28492,28493,28495],{},[15,28494,12908],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[33,28497,28498,28500],{},[15,28499,21579],{}," shows all available keys",[33,28502,28503,28505],{},[15,28504,21585],{}," checks whether a key exists",[33,28507,28508,28511],{},[15,28509,28510],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[33,28513,28514,28516],{},[15,28515,12914],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28518,28519,28520,620],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[614,28521,9619],{"href":9618},[43,28523,2011],{"id":2010},[943,28525,28527,28528,28530],{"id":28526},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28529,12992],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28532,28533],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[943,28535,28537],{"id":28536},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28539,28540,26768,28542,28544,28545,28547],{},[15,28541,26568],{},[15,28543,19919],{},". ",[15,28546,26572],{}," returns the default value instead.",[943,28549,12933,28551,15126],{"id":28550},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28552,12992],{},[20,28554,28555],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[943,28557,28559,28560,28562],{"id":28558},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28561,12992],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28564,28565,28566,28568,28569,620],{},"Not with ",[15,28567,12798],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[614,28570,28571],{"href":12809},[15,28572,12999],{},[943,28574,2119,28576,1242,28578,2053],{"id":28575},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28577,10967],{},[15,28579,12992],{},[20,28581,28582,28584,28585,28587],{},[15,28583,10967],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28586,12992],{}," reads and removes it.",[43,28589,2135],{"id":2134},[30,28591,28592,28598,28605,28609,28613,28617],{},[33,28593,28594],{},[614,28595,28596],{"href":10963},[15,28597,19900],{},[33,28599,28600],{},[614,28601,28602],{"href":12809},[15,28603,28604],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[33,28606,28607],{},[614,28608,13016],{"href":12802},[33,28610,28611],{},[614,28612,21688],{"href":16826},[33,28614,28615],{},[614,28616,11489],{"href":11302},[33,28618,28619],{},[614,28620,28622],{"href":28621},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2172,28624,28625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":28627},[28628,28629,28631,28632,28633,28635,28642,28649,28659,28660,28661,28672],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":26579,"depth":98,"text":28630},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":27063,"depth":98,"text":28634},"When to use pop()",{"id":27250,"depth":98,"text":28636,"children":28637},"pop() vs del",[28638,28640],{"id":27265,"depth":120,"text":28639},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27368,"depth":120,"text":28641},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27471,"depth":98,"text":28643,"children":28644},"How to avoid KeyError",[28645,28646,28647],{"id":27480,"depth":120,"text":27481},{"id":27576,"depth":120,"text":27577},{"id":27684,"depth":120,"text":28648},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":28650},[28651,28653,28655,28657],{"id":27794,"depth":120,"text":28652},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27927,"depth":120,"text":28654},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":28032,"depth":120,"text":28656},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28149,"depth":120,"text":28658},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28250,"depth":98,"text":28251},{"id":9099,"depth":98,"text":9100},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":28662},[28663,28665,28666,28668,28670],{"id":28526,"depth":120,"text":28664},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28536,"depth":120,"text":28537},{"id":28550,"depth":120,"text":28667},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28558,"depth":120,"text":28669},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28575,"depth":120,"text":28671},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26400,"description":28673},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28680,"title":28604,"body":28681,"description":30619,"extension":2219,"meta":30620,"navigation":123,"path":30621,"seo":30622,"stem":30623,"__hash__":30624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28682,"toc":30583},[28683,28688,28693,28696,28704,28714,28716,28805,28809,28858,28863,28868,28872,28888,28891,28893,28908,28910,28926,28933,28937,28943,28952,28954,29023,29027,29048,29051,29070,29073,29096,29098,29101,29216,29220,29279,29286,29290,29296,29421,29425,29475,29478,29482,29489,29491,29554,29558,29579,29582,29591,29606,29614,29621,29625,29637,29641,29652,29654,29800,29804,29863,29870,29875,29879,29884,29907,29911,29930,29934,30005,30012,30085,30094,30099,30104,30115,30118,30255,30260,30292,30297,30299,30303,30363,30366,30423,30426,30469,30471,30476,30482,30488,30491,30498,30506,30511,30514,30521,30529,30531,30580],[10,28684,11545,28686,11549],{"id":28685},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28687,12999],{},[20,28689,935,28690,28692],{},[15,28691,12999],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28694,28695],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[30,28697,28698,28701],{},[33,28699,28700],{},"remove an item",[33,28702,28703],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28705,28706,28707,28709,28710,28713],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28708,12999],{}," removes the ",[1399,28711,28712],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[43,28715,46],{"id":45},[48,28717,28719],{"className":50,"code":28718,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28720,28721,28765,28781,28785,28795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28722,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28724,9393],{"class":63},[57,28726,68],{"class":67},[57,28728,10718],{"class":71},[57,28730,170],{"class":169},[57,28732,614],{"class":173},[57,28734,170],{"class":169},[57,28736,270],{"class":71},[57,28738,5729],{"class":75},[57,28740,79],{"class":71},[57,28742,181],{"class":169},[57,28744,4993],{"class":173},[57,28746,170],{"class":169},[57,28748,270],{"class":71},[57,28750,87],{"class":75},[57,28752,79],{"class":71},[57,28754,181],{"class":169},[57,28756,9966],{"class":173},[57,28758,170],{"class":169},[57,28760,270],{"class":71},[57,28762,1793],{"class":75},[57,28764,9536],{"class":71},[57,28766,28767,28770,28772,28774,28776,28779],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28768,28769],{"class":63},"item ",[57,28771,68],{"class":67},[57,28773,14797],{"class":63},[57,28775,620],{"class":71},[57,28777,28778],{"class":113},"popitem",[57,28780,8870],{"class":71},[57,28782,28783],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,28784,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,28786,28787,28789,28791,28793],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,28788,102],{"class":101},[57,28790,105],{"class":71},[57,28792,23541],{"class":113},[57,28794,316],{"class":71},[57,28796,28797,28799,28801,28803],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,28798,102],{"class":101},[57,28800,105],{"class":71},[57,28802,9431],{"class":113},[57,28804,316],{"class":71},[20,28806,28807],{},[1399,28808,216],{},[48,28810,28812],{"className":50,"code":28811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28813,28814,28830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28815,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826,28828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28817,105],{"class":71},[57,28819,3543],{"class":169},[57,28821,9966],{"class":173},[57,28823,3543],{"class":169},[57,28825,79],{"class":71},[57,28827,1793],{"class":75},[57,28829,316],{"class":71},[57,28831,28832,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854,28856],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28833,9505],{"class":71},[57,28835,3543],{"class":169},[57,28837,614],{"class":173},[57,28839,3543],{"class":169},[57,28841,270],{"class":71},[57,28843,5729],{"class":75},[57,28845,79],{"class":71},[57,28847,3538],{"class":169},[57,28849,4993],{"class":173},[57,28851,3543],{"class":169},[57,28853,270],{"class":71},[57,28855,87],{"class":75},[57,28857,9536],{"class":71},[20,28859,28860,28862],{},[15,28861,12999],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[43,28864,262,28866,265],{"id":28865},"what-popitem-does",[15,28867,12999],{},[20,28869,28870,270],{},[15,28871,12999],{},[30,28873,28874,28877,28882,28885],{},[33,28875,28876],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[33,28878,28879,28880],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28881,21885],{},[33,28883,28884],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[33,28886,28887],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28889,28890],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[43,28892,294],{"id":293},[48,28894,28896],{"className":50,"code":28895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28897,28898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28899,28900,28902,28904,28906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28901,15835],{"class":63},[57,28903,620],{"class":71},[57,28905,28778],{"class":113},[57,28907,8870],{"class":71},[20,28909,11686],{},[30,28911,28912,28920,28923],{},[33,28913,28914,28916,28917],{},[15,28915,12999],{}," takes ",[1399,28918,28919],{},"no arguments",[33,28921,28922],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[33,28924,28925],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28927,28928,28929,6861],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[614,28930,28931],{"href":12795},[15,28932,12992],{},[43,28934,28936],{"id":28935},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28938,28939,28940,28942],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28941,12999],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28944,28945,28946,28949],"ol",{},[33,28947,28948],{},"the key",[33,28950,28951],{},"the value",[20,28953,864],{},[48,28955,28957],{"className":50,"code":28956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28958,28959,28995,29009,29013],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,28960,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,28962,13435],{"class":63},[57,28964,68],{"class":67},[57,28966,10718],{"class":71},[57,28968,170],{"class":169},[57,28970,7898],{"class":173},[57,28972,170],{"class":169},[57,28974,270],{"class":71},[57,28976,181],{"class":169},[57,28978,5237],{"class":173},[57,28980,170],{"class":169},[57,28982,79],{"class":71},[57,28984,181],{"class":169},[57,28986,9526],{"class":173},[57,28988,170],{"class":169},[57,28990,270],{"class":71},[57,28992,9533],{"class":75},[57,28994,9536],{"class":71},[57,28996,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005,29007],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,28998,1336],{"class":63},[57,29000,68],{"class":67},[57,29002,13478],{"class":63},[57,29004,620],{"class":71},[57,29006,28778],{"class":113},[57,29008,8870],{"class":71},[57,29010,29011],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,29012,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29014,29015,29017,29019,29021],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,29016,102],{"class":101},[57,29018,105],{"class":71},[57,29020,1368],{"class":113},[57,29022,316],{"class":71},[20,29024,29025],{},[1399,29026,216],{},[48,29028,29030],{"className":50,"code":29029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('age', 25)\n",[15,29031,29032],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29033,29034,29036,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29035,105],{"class":71},[57,29037,3543],{"class":169},[57,29039,9526],{"class":173},[57,29041,3543],{"class":169},[57,29043,79],{"class":71},[57,29045,9533],{"class":75},[57,29047,316],{"class":71},[20,29049,29050],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[48,29052,29054],{"className":50,"code":29053,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,29055,29056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29057,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29059,1336],{"class":63},[57,29061,68],{"class":67},[57,29063,13478],{"class":63},[57,29065,620],{"class":71},[57,29067,28778],{"class":113},[57,29069,8870],{"class":71},[20,29071,29072],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[48,29074,29076],{"className":50,"code":29075,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29077,29078],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29079,29080,29082,29084,29086,29088,29090,29092,29094],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29081,432],{"class":63},[57,29083,79],{"class":71},[57,29085,21814],{"class":63},[57,29087,68],{"class":67},[57,29089,13478],{"class":63},[57,29091,620],{"class":71},[57,29093,28778],{"class":113},[57,29095,8870],{"class":71},[43,29097,11703],{"id":11702},[20,29099,29100],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[48,29102,29104],{"className":50,"code":29103,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29105,29106,29154,29158,29173,29177,29197],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29107,29108,29110,29112,29114,29116,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29138,29140,29142,29145,29147,29149,29152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29109,459],{"class":63},[57,29111,68],{"class":67},[57,29113,10718],{"class":71},[57,29115,170],{"class":169},[57,29117,29118],{"class":173},"Tom",[57,29120,170],{"class":169},[57,29122,270],{"class":71},[57,29124,5308],{"class":75},[57,29126,79],{"class":71},[57,29128,181],{"class":169},[57,29130,13110],{"class":173},[57,29132,170],{"class":169},[57,29134,270],{"class":71},[57,29136,29137],{"class":75}," 95",[57,29139,79],{"class":71},[57,29141,181],{"class":169},[57,29143,29144],{"class":173},"Leo",[57,29146,170],{"class":169},[57,29148,270],{"class":71},[57,29150,29151],{"class":75}," 88",[57,29153,9536],{"class":71},[57,29155,29156],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29157,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29159,29160,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,29161,29162],{"class":63},"removed_pair ",[57,29164,68],{"class":67},[57,29166,5343],{"class":63},[57,29168,620],{"class":71},[57,29170,28778],{"class":113},[57,29172,8870],{"class":71},[57,29174,29175],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,29176,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29178,29179,29181,29183,29185,29188,29190,29192,29195],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,29180,102],{"class":101},[57,29182,105],{"class":71},[57,29184,170],{"class":169},[57,29186,29187],{"class":173},"Removed:",[57,29189,170],{"class":169},[57,29191,79],{"class":71},[57,29193,29194],{"class":113}," removed_pair",[57,29196,316],{"class":71},[57,29198,29199,29201,29203,29205,29208,29210,29212,29214],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,29200,102],{"class":101},[57,29202,105],{"class":71},[57,29204,170],{"class":169},[57,29206,29207],{"class":173},"After removal:",[57,29209,170],{"class":169},[57,29211,79],{"class":71},[57,29213,5343],{"class":113},[57,29215,316],{"class":71},[20,29217,29218],{},[1399,29219,216],{},[48,29221,29223],{"className":50,"code":29222,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29224,29225,29246],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29226,29227,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242,29244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29228,29229],{"class":63},"Removed",[57,29231,270],{"class":71},[57,29233,9463],{"class":71},[57,29235,3543],{"class":169},[57,29237,29144],{"class":173},[57,29239,3543],{"class":169},[57,29241,79],{"class":71},[57,29243,29151],{"class":75},[57,29245,316],{"class":71},[57,29247,29248,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271,29273,29275,29277],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29249,29250],{"class":63},"After removal",[57,29252,270],{"class":71},[57,29254,10718],{"class":71},[57,29256,3543],{"class":169},[57,29258,29118],{"class":173},[57,29260,3543],{"class":169},[57,29262,270],{"class":71},[57,29264,5308],{"class":75},[57,29266,79],{"class":71},[57,29268,3538],{"class":169},[57,29270,13110],{"class":173},[57,29272,3543],{"class":169},[57,29274,270],{"class":71},[57,29276,29137],{"class":75},[57,29278,9536],{"class":71},[20,29280,29281,29282,29285],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29283,29284],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[43,29287,29289],{"id":29288},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29291,29292,29293,29295],{},"Because ",[15,29294,12999],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[48,29297,29299],{"className":50,"code":29298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29300,29301,29337,29341,29360,29364,29383,29402],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29302,29303,29305,29307,29309,29311,29313,29315,29317,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29304,15678],{"class":63},[57,29306,68],{"class":67},[57,29308,10718],{"class":71},[57,29310,170],{"class":169},[57,29312,15689],{"class":173},[57,29314,170],{"class":169},[57,29316,270],{"class":71},[57,29318,181],{"class":169},[57,29320,15698],{"class":173},[57,29322,170],{"class":169},[57,29324,79],{"class":71},[57,29326,181],{"class":169},[57,29328,15709],{"class":173},[57,29330,170],{"class":169},[57,29332,270],{"class":71},[57,29334,27137],{"class":75},[57,29336,9536],{"class":71},[57,29338,29339],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29340,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29342,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351,29354,29356,29358],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,29344,432],{"class":63},[57,29346,79],{"class":71},[57,29348,21814],{"class":63},[57,29350,68],{"class":67},[57,29352,29353],{"class":63}," book",[57,29355,620],{"class":71},[57,29357,28778],{"class":113},[57,29359,8870],{"class":71},[57,29361,29362],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,29363,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29365,29366,29368,29370,29372,29375,29377,29379,29381],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,29367,102],{"class":101},[57,29369,105],{"class":71},[57,29371,170],{"class":169},[57,29373,29374],{"class":173},"Key:",[57,29376,170],{"class":169},[57,29378,79],{"class":71},[57,29380,335],{"class":113},[57,29382,316],{"class":71},[57,29384,29385,29387,29389,29391,29394,29396,29398,29400],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,29386,102],{"class":101},[57,29388,105],{"class":71},[57,29390,170],{"class":169},[57,29392,29393],{"class":173},"Value:",[57,29395,170],{"class":169},[57,29397,79],{"class":71},[57,29399,8661],{"class":113},[57,29401,316],{"class":71},[57,29403,29404,29406,29408,29410,29413,29415,29417,29419],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,29405,102],{"class":101},[57,29407,105],{"class":71},[57,29409,170],{"class":169},[57,29411,29412],{"class":173},"Dictionary:",[57,29414,170],{"class":169},[57,29416,79],{"class":71},[57,29418,29353],{"class":113},[57,29420,316],{"class":71},[20,29422,29423],{},[1399,29424,216],{},[48,29426,29428],{"className":50,"code":29427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29429,29430,29440,29450],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29431,29432,29435,29437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29433,29434],{"class":63},"Key",[57,29436,270],{"class":71},[57,29438,29439],{"class":63}," pages\n",[57,29441,29442,29445,29447],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29443,29444],{"class":63},"Value",[57,29446,270],{"class":71},[57,29448,29449],{"class":75}," 200\n",[57,29451,29452,29455,29457,29459,29461,29463,29465,29467,29469,29471,29473],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,29453,29454],{"class":63},"Dictionary",[57,29456,270],{"class":71},[57,29458,10718],{"class":71},[57,29460,3543],{"class":169},[57,29462,15689],{"class":173},[57,29464,3543],{"class":169},[57,29466,270],{"class":71},[57,29468,3538],{"class":169},[57,29470,15698],{"class":173},[57,29472,3543],{"class":169},[57,29474,9536],{"class":71},[20,29476,29477],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[43,29479,29481],{"id":29480},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29483,29484,29485,28709,29487,620],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29486,12999],{},[1399,29488,28712],{},[20,29490,864],{},[48,29492,29494],{"className":50,"code":29493,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29495,29496,29540],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29497,29498,29500,29502,29504,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518,29520,29522,29524,29526,29528,29530,29532,29534,29536,29538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29499,9393],{"class":63},[57,29501,68],{"class":67},[57,29503,10718],{"class":71},[57,29505,170],{"class":169},[57,29507,1956],{"class":173},[57,29509,170],{"class":169},[57,29511,270],{"class":71},[57,29513,5729],{"class":75},[57,29515,79],{"class":71},[57,29517,181],{"class":169},[57,29519,11974],{"class":173},[57,29521,170],{"class":169},[57,29523,270],{"class":71},[57,29525,87],{"class":75},[57,29527,79],{"class":71},[57,29529,181],{"class":169},[57,29531,22307],{"class":173},[57,29533,170],{"class":169},[57,29535,270],{"class":71},[57,29537,1793],{"class":75},[57,29539,9536],{"class":71},[57,29541,29542,29544,29546,29548,29550,29552],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29543,102],{"class":101},[57,29545,105],{"class":71},[57,29547,9431],{"class":113},[57,29549,620],{"class":71},[57,29551,28778],{"class":113},[57,29553,1671],{"class":71},[20,29555,29556],{},[1399,29557,216],{},[48,29559,29561],{"className":50,"code":29560,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29562,29563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29564,29565,29567,29569,29571,29573,29575,29577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29566,105],{"class":71},[57,29568,3543],{"class":169},[57,29570,22307],{"class":173},[57,29572,3543],{"class":169},[57,29574,79],{"class":71},[57,29576,1793],{"class":75},[57,29578,316],{"class":71},[20,29580,29581],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29583,29584,29585,29587,29588,29590],{},"As a beginner, do ",[1399,29586,1401],{}," think of ",[15,29589,12999],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29592,29593,29594,2441,29598,17302,29602,620],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[614,29595,29596],{"href":17305},[15,29597,17308],{},[614,29599,29600],{"href":17292},[15,29601,17295],{},[614,29603,29604],{"href":17298},[15,29605,17301],{},[43,29607,29609,29610,1242,29612],{"id":29608},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29611,12999],{},[15,29613,12992],{},[20,29615,29616,1242,29618,29620],{},[15,29617,12999],{},[15,29619,12992],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[943,29622,29623],{"id":28778},[15,29624,12999],{},[30,29626,29627,29630,29633],{},[33,29628,29629],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[33,29631,29632],{},"does not need a key argument",[33,29634,3931,29635],{},[15,29636,21885],{},[943,29638,29639],{"id":26472},[15,29640,12992],{},[30,29642,29643,29646,29649],{},[33,29644,29645],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[33,29647,29648],{},"needs the key name",[33,29650,29651],{},"returns only the value",[20,29653,864],{},[48,29655,29657],{"className":50,"code":29656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29658,29659,29703,29707,29721,29741,29745,29767,29786,29790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29660,29661,29663,29665,29667,29669,29671,29673,29675,29677,29679,29681,29683,29685,29687,29689,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29662,9393],{"class":63},[57,29664,68],{"class":67},[57,29666,10718],{"class":71},[57,29668,170],{"class":169},[57,29670,614],{"class":173},[57,29672,170],{"class":169},[57,29674,270],{"class":71},[57,29676,5729],{"class":75},[57,29678,79],{"class":71},[57,29680,181],{"class":169},[57,29682,4993],{"class":173},[57,29684,170],{"class":169},[57,29686,270],{"class":71},[57,29688,87],{"class":75},[57,29690,79],{"class":71},[57,29692,181],{"class":169},[57,29694,9966],{"class":173},[57,29696,170],{"class":169},[57,29698,270],{"class":71},[57,29700,1793],{"class":75},[57,29702,9536],{"class":71},[57,29704,29705],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29706,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29708,29709,29711,29713,29715,29717,29719],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,29710,28769],{"class":63},[57,29712,68],{"class":67},[57,29714,14797],{"class":63},[57,29716,620],{"class":71},[57,29718,28778],{"class":113},[57,29720,8870],{"class":71},[57,29722,29723,29725,29727,29729,29732,29734,29736,29739],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,29724,102],{"class":101},[57,29726,105],{"class":71},[57,29728,170],{"class":169},[57,29730,29731],{"class":173},"popitem():",[57,29733,170],{"class":169},[57,29735,79],{"class":71},[57,29737,29738],{"class":113}," item",[57,29740,316],{"class":71},[57,29742,29743],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,29744,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29746,29747,29749,29751,29753,29755,29757,29759,29761,29763,29765],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,29748,2696],{"class":63},[57,29750,68],{"class":67},[57,29752,14797],{"class":63},[57,29754,620],{"class":71},[57,29756,26472],{"class":113},[57,29758,105],{"class":71},[57,29760,170],{"class":169},[57,29762,614],{"class":173},[57,29764,170],{"class":169},[57,29766,316],{"class":71},[57,29768,29769,29771,29773,29775,29778,29780,29782,29784],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,29770,102],{"class":101},[57,29772,105],{"class":71},[57,29774,170],{"class":169},[57,29776,29777],{"class":173},"pop('a'):",[57,29779,170],{"class":169},[57,29781,79],{"class":71},[57,29783,8661],{"class":113},[57,29785,316],{"class":71},[57,29787,29788],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,29789,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29791,29792,29794,29796,29798],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,29793,102],{"class":101},[57,29795,105],{"class":71},[57,29797,9431],{"class":113},[57,29799,316],{"class":71},[20,29801,29802],{},[1399,29803,216],{},[48,29805,29807],{"className":50,"code":29806,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29808,29809,29830,29847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29810,29811,29813,29816,29818,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29812,28778],{"class":113},[57,29814,29815],{"class":71},"():",[57,29817,9463],{"class":71},[57,29819,3543],{"class":169},[57,29821,9966],{"class":173},[57,29823,3543],{"class":169},[57,29825,79],{"class":71},[57,29827,1793],{"class":75},[57,29829,316],{"class":71},[57,29831,29832,29834,29836,29838,29840,29842,29844],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29833,26472],{"class":113},[57,29835,105],{"class":71},[57,29837,3543],{"class":169},[57,29839,614],{"class":173},[57,29841,3543],{"class":169},[57,29843,16681],{"class":71},[57,29845,29846],{"class":75}," 1\n",[57,29848,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857,29859,29861],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,29850,9505],{"class":71},[57,29852,3543],{"class":169},[57,29854,4993],{"class":173},[57,29856,3543],{"class":169},[57,29858,270],{"class":71},[57,29860,87],{"class":75},[57,29862,9536],{"class":71},[20,29864,1806,29865,29869],{},[614,29866,29867],{"href":12795},[15,29868,12992],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29871,1806,29872,29874],{},[15,29873,12999],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[43,29876,29878],{"id":29877},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29880,1837,29881,29883],{},[15,29882,12999],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[48,29885,29887],{"className":50,"code":29886,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29888,29889,29897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29890,29891,29893,29895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29892,9393],{"class":63},[57,29894,68],{"class":67},[57,29896,10065],{"class":71},[57,29898,29899,29901,29903,29905],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29900,9431],{"class":63},[57,29902,620],{"class":71},[57,29904,28778],{"class":113},[57,29906,8870],{"class":71},[20,29908,29909],{},[1399,29910,1459],{},[48,29912,29914],{"className":50,"code":29913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29915,29916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29917,29918,29920,29922,29924,29927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29919,19919],{"class":1102},[57,29921,270],{"class":71},[57,29923,3538],{"class":169},[57,29925,29926],{"class":173},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[57,29928,29929],{"class":169},"'\n",[943,29931,29933],{"id":29932},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[48,29935,29937],{"className":50,"code":29936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29938,29939,29947,29951,29959,29974,29984,29990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,29940,29941,29943,29945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,29942,9393],{"class":63},[57,29944,68],{"class":67},[57,29946,10065],{"class":71},[57,29948,29949],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,29950,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,29952,29953,29955,29957],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,29954,7228],{"class":1962},[57,29956,14797],{"class":63},[57,29958,6623],{"class":71},[57,29960,29961,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,29962,29963],{"class":63},"    item ",[57,29965,68],{"class":67},[57,29967,14797],{"class":63},[57,29969,620],{"class":71},[57,29971,28778],{"class":113},[57,29973,8870],{"class":71},[57,29975,29976,29978,29980,29982],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,29977,8296],{"class":101},[57,29979,105],{"class":71},[57,29981,23541],{"class":113},[57,29983,316],{"class":71},[57,29985,29986,29988],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,29987,27664],{"class":1962},[57,29989,6623],{"class":71},[57,29991,29992,29994,29996,29998,30001,30003],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,29993,8296],{"class":101},[57,29995,105],{"class":71},[57,29997,170],{"class":169},[57,29999,30000],{"class":173},"Dictionary is empty",[57,30002,170],{"class":169},[57,30004,316],{"class":71},[943,30006,30008,30009],{"id":30007},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,30010,30011],{},"try-except",[48,30013,30015],{"className":50,"code":30014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,30016,30017,30025,30029,30036,30050,30060,30070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30018,30019,30021,30023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30020,9393],{"class":63},[57,30022,68],{"class":67},[57,30024,10065],{"class":71},[57,30026,30027],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,30028,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,30030,30031,30034],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,30032,30033],{"class":1962},"try",[57,30035,6623],{"class":71},[57,30037,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,30039,29963],{"class":63},[57,30041,68],{"class":67},[57,30043,14797],{"class":63},[57,30045,620],{"class":71},[57,30047,28778],{"class":113},[57,30049,8870],{"class":71},[57,30051,30052,30054,30056,30058],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,30053,8296],{"class":101},[57,30055,105],{"class":71},[57,30057,23541],{"class":113},[57,30059,316],{"class":71},[57,30061,30062,30065,30068],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,30063,30064],{"class":1962},"except",[57,30066,30067],{"class":1102}," KeyError",[57,30069,6623],{"class":71},[57,30071,30072,30074,30076,30078,30081,30083],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,30073,8296],{"class":101},[57,30075,105],{"class":71},[57,30077,170],{"class":169},[57,30079,30080],{"class":173},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[57,30082,170],{"class":169},[57,30084,316],{"class":71},[20,30086,30087,30088,620],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[614,30089,25910,30091],{"href":30090},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30092,30093],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[43,30095,5194,30097],{"id":30096},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30098,12999],{},[20,30100,30101,30103],{},[15,30102,12999],{}," is useful when:",[30,30105,30106,30109,30112],{},[33,30107,30108],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[33,30110,30111],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[33,30113,30114],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30116,30117],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[48,30119,30121],{"className":50,"code":30120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30122,30123,30132,30152,30172,30190,30194,30198,30208,30227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30124,30125,30128,30130],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30126,30127],{"class":63},"tasks ",[57,30129,68],{"class":67},[57,30131,11721],{"class":71},[57,30133,30134,30136,30139,30141,30143,30145,30148,30150],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,30135,11726],{"class":169},[57,30137,30138],{"class":173},"first",[57,30140,170],{"class":169},[57,30142,270],{"class":71},[57,30144,181],{"class":169},[57,30146,30147],{"class":173},"wash dishes",[57,30149,170],{"class":169},[57,30151,11742],{"class":71},[57,30153,30154,30156,30159,30161,30163,30165,30168,30170],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,30155,11726],{"class":169},[57,30157,30158],{"class":173},"second",[57,30160,170],{"class":169},[57,30162,270],{"class":71},[57,30164,181],{"class":169},[57,30166,30167],{"class":173},"do homework",[57,30169,170],{"class":169},[57,30171,11742],{"class":71},[57,30173,30174,30176,30179,30181,30183,30185,30188],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,30175,11726],{"class":169},[57,30177,30178],{"class":173},"third",[57,30180,170],{"class":169},[57,30182,270],{"class":71},[57,30184,181],{"class":169},[57,30186,30187],{"class":173},"read book",[57,30189,3602],{"class":169},[57,30191,30192],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,30193,9536],{"class":71},[57,30195,30196],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,30197,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,30199,30200,30203,30206],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,30201,30202],{"class":1962},"while",[57,30204,30205],{"class":63}," tasks",[57,30207,6623],{"class":71},[57,30209,30210,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223,30225],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,30211,30212],{"class":63},"    key",[57,30214,79],{"class":71},[57,30216,21814],{"class":63},[57,30218,68],{"class":67},[57,30220,30205],{"class":63},[57,30222,620],{"class":71},[57,30224,28778],{"class":113},[57,30226,8870],{"class":71},[57,30228,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237,30239,30241,30243,30245,30247,30249,30251,30253],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,30230,8296],{"class":101},[57,30232,105],{"class":71},[57,30234,22524],{"class":1208},[57,30236,170],{"class":173},[57,30238,9505],{"class":75},[57,30240,432],{"class":113},[57,30242,22533],{"class":75},[57,30244,22536],{"class":173},[57,30246,9505],{"class":75},[57,30248,364],{"class":113},[57,30250,22533],{"class":75},[57,30252,170],{"class":173},[57,30254,316],{"class":71},[20,30256,30257],{},[1399,30258,30259],{},"Possible output:",[48,30261,30263],{"className":50,"code":30262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30264,30265,30274,30283],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30266,30267,30269,30271],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30268,30178],{"class":63},[57,30270,270],{"class":71},[57,30272,30273],{"class":63}," read book\n",[57,30275,30276,30278,30280],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,30277,30158],{"class":63},[57,30279,270],{"class":71},[57,30281,30282],{"class":63}," do homework\n",[57,30284,30285,30287,30289],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,30286,30138],{"class":63},[57,30288,270],{"class":71},[57,30290,30291],{"class":63}," wash dishes\n",[20,30293,29292,30294,30296],{},[15,30295,12999],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[43,30298,1829],{"id":1828},[20,30300,14964,30301,270],{},[15,30302,12999],{},[30,30304,30305,30319,30338,30349],{},[33,30306,30307,30312],{},[1399,30308,1837,30309,30311],{},[15,30310,12999],{}," on an empty dictionary",[30,30313,30314],{},[33,30315,30316,30317,620],{},"This raises ",[15,30318,19919],{},[33,30320,30321,30326],{},[1399,30322,1848,30323,30325],{},[15,30324,12999],{}," to remove a specific key",[30,30327,30328,30331],{},[33,30329,30330],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[33,30332,1806,30333,30337],{},[614,30334,30335],{"href":12795},[15,30336,12992],{}," if you need that.",[33,30339,30340,30344],{},[1399,30341,4936,30342,27930],{},[15,30343,12999],{},[30,30345,30346],{},[33,30347,30348],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[33,30350,30351,30354],{},[1399,30352,30353],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[30,30355,30356],{},[33,30357,30358,22205,30360,30362],{},[15,30359,12999],{},[15,30361,21885],{}," tuple.",[20,30364,30365],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[48,30367,30369],{"className":50,"code":30368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30370,30371,30381,30395,30399,30413],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30372,30373,30375,30377,30379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30374,102],{"class":101},[57,30376,105],{"class":71},[57,30378,11677],{"class":113},[57,30380,316],{"class":71},[57,30382,30383,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,30384,102],{"class":101},[57,30386,105],{"class":71},[57,30388,1007],{"class":101},[57,30390,105],{"class":71},[57,30392,11677],{"class":113},[57,30394,117],{"class":71},[57,30396,30397],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,30398,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,30400,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,30402,28769],{"class":63},[57,30404,68],{"class":67},[57,30406,11995],{"class":63},[57,30408,620],{"class":71},[57,30410,28778],{"class":113},[57,30412,8870],{"class":71},[57,30414,30415,30417,30419,30421],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,30416,102],{"class":101},[57,30418,105],{"class":71},[57,30420,23541],{"class":113},[57,30422,316],{"class":71},[20,30424,30425],{},"Or with unpacking:",[48,30427,30429],{"className":50,"code":30428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30430,30431,30449,30459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30432,30433,30435,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30434,432],{"class":63},[57,30436,79],{"class":71},[57,30438,21814],{"class":63},[57,30440,68],{"class":67},[57,30442,11995],{"class":63},[57,30444,620],{"class":71},[57,30446,28778],{"class":113},[57,30448,8870],{"class":71},[57,30450,30451,30453,30455,30457],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,30452,102],{"class":101},[57,30454,105],{"class":71},[57,30456,432],{"class":113},[57,30458,316],{"class":71},[57,30460,30461,30463,30465,30467],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,30462,102],{"class":101},[57,30464,105],{"class":71},[57,30466,364],{"class":113},[57,30468,316],{"class":71},[43,30470,2011],{"id":2010},[943,30472,2015,30474,2018],{"id":30473},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30475,12999],{},[20,30477,30478,30479,620],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30480,30481],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[943,30483,12933,30485,30487],{"id":30484},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30486,12999],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30489,30490],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[943,30492,30494,30495,30497],{"id":30493},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30496,12999],{}," removes?",[20,30499,30500,30501,30505],{},"No. Use ",[614,30502,30503],{"href":12795},[15,30504,12992],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[943,30507,12933,30509,15126],{"id":30508},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30510,12999],{},[20,30512,30513],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[943,30515,30517,30518,30520],{"id":30516},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30519,12999],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30522,30523,30524,30526,30527,620],{},"It raises ",[15,30525,19919],{}," with the message ",[15,30528,29926],{},[43,30530,2135],{"id":2134},[30,30532,30533,30540,30546,30552,30558,30565,30569,30573],{},[33,30534,30535],{},[614,30536,30537,30539],{"href":12795},[15,30538,12992],{}," method for dictionaries",[33,30541,30542],{},[614,30543,30544,30539],{"href":17305},[15,30545,17308],{},[33,30547,30548],{},[614,30549,30550,30539],{"href":17292},[15,30551,17295],{},[33,30553,30554],{},[614,30555,30556,30539],{"href":17298},[15,30557,17301],{},[33,30559,30560],{},[614,30561,30563,30539],{"href":30562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30564,11548],{},[33,30566,30567],{},[614,30568,13016],{"href":12802},[33,30570,30571],{},[614,30572,21688],{"href":16826},[33,30574,30575],{},[614,30576,30577,30578],{"href":30090},"Fix ",[15,30579,30093],{},[2172,30581,30582],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":30584},[30585,30586,30588,30589,30590,30591,30592,30593,30598,30603,30605,30606,30618],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":28865,"depth":98,"text":30587},"What popitem() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":28935,"depth":98,"text":28936},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":29288,"depth":98,"text":29289},{"id":29480,"depth":98,"text":29481},{"id":29608,"depth":98,"text":30594,"children":30595},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30596,30597],{"id":28778,"depth":120,"text":12999},{"id":26472,"depth":120,"text":12992},{"id":29877,"depth":98,"text":29878,"children":30599},[30600,30601],{"id":29932,"depth":120,"text":29933},{"id":30007,"depth":120,"text":30602},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30096,"depth":98,"text":30604},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":30607},[30608,30610,30612,30614,30616],{"id":30473,"depth":120,"text":30609},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30484,"depth":120,"text":30611},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30493,"depth":120,"text":30613},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30508,"depth":120,"text":30615},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30516,"depth":120,"text":30617},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28604,"description":30619},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30626,"title":30627,"body":30628,"description":32530,"extension":2219,"meta":32531,"navigation":123,"path":14263,"seo":32532,"stem":32533,"__hash__":32534},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30629,"toc":32502},[30630,30635,30640,30643,30645,30742,30747,30752,30757,30760,30768,30771,30786,30788,30888,30890,30947,30951,30953,30956,30976,30981,30992,30995,31022,31025,31027,31084,31086,31107,31113,31118,31121,31132,31134,31241,31243,31296,31298,31310,31317,31323,31328,31331,31419,31421,31466,31469,31477,31480,31483,31552,31555,31558,31562,31565,31636,31638,31691,31694,31697,31700,31715,31718,31730,31733,31796,31798,31804,31806,31808,31887,31889,31930,31932,31997,31999,32036,32041,32046,32050,32064,32067,32190,32192,32277,32282,32284,32288,32310,32313,32393,32396,32415,32420,32422,32428,32433,32439,32442,32448,32451,32457,32462,32468,32474,32476,32499],[10,30631,11545,30633,11549],{"id":30632},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30634,15184],{},[20,30636,935,30637,30639],{},[15,30638,15184],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30641,30642],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[43,30644,46],{"id":45},[48,30646,30648],{"className":50,"code":30647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30649,30650,30686,30727,30737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30651,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678,30680,30682,30684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30653,13435],{"class":63},[57,30655,68],{"class":67},[57,30657,10718],{"class":71},[57,30659,170],{"class":169},[57,30661,7898],{"class":173},[57,30663,170],{"class":169},[57,30665,270],{"class":71},[57,30667,181],{"class":169},[57,30669,13110],{"class":173},[57,30671,170],{"class":169},[57,30673,79],{"class":71},[57,30675,181],{"class":169},[57,30677,9526],{"class":173},[57,30679,170],{"class":169},[57,30681,270],{"class":71},[57,30683,1617],{"class":75},[57,30685,9536],{"class":71},[57,30687,30688,30690,30692,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,30689,17537],{"class":63},[57,30691,620],{"class":71},[57,30693,30694],{"class":113},"update",[57,30696,5761],{"class":71},[57,30698,170],{"class":169},[57,30700,9526],{"class":173},[57,30702,170],{"class":169},[57,30704,270],{"class":71},[57,30706,30707],{"class":75}," 21",[57,30709,79],{"class":71},[57,30711,181],{"class":169},[57,30713,10636],{"class":173},[57,30715,170],{"class":169},[57,30717,270],{"class":71},[57,30719,181],{"class":169},[57,30721,16261],{"class":173},[57,30723,170],{"class":169},[57,30725,30726],{"class":71},"})\n",[57,30728,30729,30731,30733,30735],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,30730,102],{"class":101},[57,30732,105],{"class":71},[57,30734,17537],{"class":113},[57,30736,316],{"class":71},[57,30738,30739],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,30740,30741],{"class":3903},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30743,1806,30744,30746],{},[15,30745,15184],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[43,30748,262,30750,265],{"id":30749},"what-update-does",[15,30751,15184],{},[20,30753,30754,30756],{},[15,30755,15184],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30758,30759],{},"It can do two main things:",[30,30761,30762,30765],{},[33,30763,30764],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[33,30766,30767],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30769,30770],{},"Important things to know:",[30,30772,30773,30776,30779,30783],{},[33,30774,30775],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[33,30777,30778],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[33,30780,5379,30781],{},[15,30782,1524],{},[33,30784,30785],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30787,864],{},[48,30789,30791],{"className":50,"code":30790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30792,30793,30835,30878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30794,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30831,30833],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30796,13093],{"class":63},[57,30798,68],{"class":67},[57,30800,10718],{"class":71},[57,30802,170],{"class":169},[57,30804,7898],{"class":173},[57,30806,170],{"class":169},[57,30808,270],{"class":71},[57,30810,181],{"class":169},[57,30812,30813],{"class":173},"Mira",[57,30815,170],{"class":169},[57,30817,79],{"class":71},[57,30819,181],{"class":169},[57,30821,20123],{"class":173},[57,30823,170],{"class":169},[57,30825,270],{"class":71},[57,30827,181],{"class":169},[57,30829,30830],{"class":173},"B",[57,30832,170],{"class":169},[57,30834,9536],{"class":71},[57,30836,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30874,30876],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,30838,13856],{"class":63},[57,30840,620],{"class":71},[57,30842,30694],{"class":113},[57,30844,5761],{"class":71},[57,30846,170],{"class":169},[57,30848,20123],{"class":173},[57,30850,170],{"class":169},[57,30852,270],{"class":71},[57,30854,181],{"class":169},[57,30856,22475],{"class":173},[57,30858,170],{"class":169},[57,30860,79],{"class":71},[57,30862,181],{"class":169},[57,30864,10636],{"class":173},[57,30866,170],{"class":169},[57,30868,270],{"class":71},[57,30870,181],{"class":169},[57,30872,30873],{"class":173},"Quito",[57,30875,170],{"class":169},[57,30877,30726],{"class":71},[57,30879,30880,30882,30884,30886],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,30881,102],{"class":101},[57,30883,105],{"class":71},[57,30885,13856],{"class":113},[57,30887,316],{"class":71},[20,30889,216],{},[48,30891,30893],{"className":50,"code":30892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30894,30895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30896,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30898,9505],{"class":71},[57,30900,3543],{"class":169},[57,30902,7898],{"class":173},[57,30904,3543],{"class":169},[57,30906,270],{"class":71},[57,30908,3538],{"class":169},[57,30910,30813],{"class":173},[57,30912,3543],{"class":169},[57,30914,79],{"class":71},[57,30916,3538],{"class":169},[57,30918,20123],{"class":173},[57,30920,3543],{"class":169},[57,30922,270],{"class":71},[57,30924,3538],{"class":169},[57,30926,22475],{"class":173},[57,30928,3543],{"class":169},[57,30930,79],{"class":71},[57,30932,3538],{"class":169},[57,30934,10636],{"class":173},[57,30936,3543],{"class":169},[57,30938,270],{"class":71},[57,30940,3538],{"class":169},[57,30942,30873],{"class":173},[57,30944,3543],{"class":169},[57,30946,9536],{"class":71},[20,30948,9379,30949,620],{},[614,30950,24859],{"href":9618},[43,30952,294],{"id":293},[20,30954,30955],{},"The basic form is:",[48,30957,30959],{"className":50,"code":30958,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30960,30961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,30962,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30974],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,30964,15835],{"class":63},[57,30966,620],{"class":71},[57,30968,30694],{"class":113},[57,30970,105],{"class":71},[57,30972,30973],{"class":113},"other",[57,30975,316],{"class":71},[20,30977,30978,30980],{},[15,30979,30973],{}," can be:",[30,30982,30983,30986,30989],{},[33,30984,30985],{},"Another dictionary",[33,30987,30988],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[33,30990,30991],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30993,30994],{},"You can also use:",[48,30996,30998],{"className":50,"code":30997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30999,31000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31001,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31003,15835],{"class":63},[57,31005,620],{"class":71},[57,31007,30694],{"class":113},[57,31009,105],{"class":71},[57,31011,7898],{"class":334},[57,31013,68],{"class":67},[57,31015,170],{"class":169},[57,31017,7907],{"class":173},[57,31019,170],{"class":169},[57,31021,316],{"class":71},[20,31023,31024],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,31026,864],{},[48,31028,31030],{"className":50,"code":31029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,31031,31032,31052,31074],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31033,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31035,9393],{"class":63},[57,31037,68],{"class":67},[57,31039,10718],{"class":71},[57,31041,170],{"class":169},[57,31043,614],{"class":173},[57,31045,170],{"class":169},[57,31047,270],{"class":71},[57,31049,5729],{"class":75},[57,31051,9536],{"class":71},[57,31053,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31055,9431],{"class":63},[57,31057,620],{"class":71},[57,31059,30694],{"class":113},[57,31061,5761],{"class":71},[57,31063,170],{"class":169},[57,31065,614],{"class":173},[57,31067,170],{"class":169},[57,31069,270],{"class":71},[57,31071,6234],{"class":75},[57,31073,30726],{"class":71},[57,31075,31076,31078,31080,31082],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31077,102],{"class":101},[57,31079,105],{"class":71},[57,31081,9431],{"class":113},[57,31083,316],{"class":71},[20,31085,216],{},[48,31087,31089],{"className":50,"code":31088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31090,31091],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31092,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31094,9505],{"class":71},[57,31096,3543],{"class":169},[57,31098,614],{"class":173},[57,31100,3543],{"class":169},[57,31102,270],{"class":71},[57,31104,6234],{"class":75},[57,31106,9536],{"class":71},[43,31108,443,31110,31112],{"id":31109},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31111,15184],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31114,31115,31116,620],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31117,15184],{},[20,31119,31120],{},"It is useful when:",[30,31122,31123,31126,31129],{},[33,31124,31125],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[33,31127,31128],{},"Adding extra settings",[33,31130,31131],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31133,864],{},[48,31135,31137],{"className":50,"code":31136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31138,31139,31175,31212,31216,31231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31140,31141,31143,31145,31147,31149,31151,31153,31155,31157,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31142,14056],{"class":63},[57,31144,68],{"class":67},[57,31146,10718],{"class":71},[57,31148,170],{"class":169},[57,31150,12723],{"class":173},[57,31152,170],{"class":169},[57,31154,270],{"class":71},[57,31156,181],{"class":169},[57,31158,21158],{"class":173},[57,31160,170],{"class":169},[57,31162,79],{"class":71},[57,31164,181],{"class":169},[57,31166,14081],{"class":173},[57,31168,170],{"class":169},[57,31170,270],{"class":71},[57,31172,652],{"class":75},[57,31174,9536],{"class":71},[57,31176,31177,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31178,31179],{"class":63},"new_settings ",[57,31181,68],{"class":67},[57,31183,10718],{"class":71},[57,31185,170],{"class":169},[57,31187,14081],{"class":173},[57,31189,170],{"class":169},[57,31191,270],{"class":71},[57,31193,14088],{"class":75},[57,31195,79],{"class":71},[57,31197,181],{"class":169},[57,31199,20354],{"class":173},[57,31201,170],{"class":169},[57,31203,270],{"class":71},[57,31205,181],{"class":169},[57,31207,20388],{"class":173},[57,31209,170],{"class":169},[57,31211,9536],{"class":71},[57,31213,31214],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31215,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,31217,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31229],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,31219,14115],{"class":63},[57,31221,620],{"class":71},[57,31223,30694],{"class":113},[57,31225,105],{"class":71},[57,31227,31228],{"class":113},"new_settings",[57,31230,316],{"class":71},[57,31232,31233,31235,31237,31239],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,31234,102],{"class":101},[57,31236,105],{"class":71},[57,31238,14115],{"class":113},[57,31240,316],{"class":71},[20,31242,216],{},[48,31244,31246],{"className":50,"code":31245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31247,31248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31249,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31251,9505],{"class":71},[57,31253,3543],{"class":169},[57,31255,12723],{"class":173},[57,31257,3543],{"class":169},[57,31259,270],{"class":71},[57,31261,3538],{"class":169},[57,31263,21158],{"class":173},[57,31265,3543],{"class":169},[57,31267,79],{"class":71},[57,31269,3538],{"class":169},[57,31271,14081],{"class":173},[57,31273,3543],{"class":169},[57,31275,270],{"class":71},[57,31277,14088],{"class":75},[57,31279,79],{"class":71},[57,31281,3538],{"class":169},[57,31283,20354],{"class":173},[57,31285,3543],{"class":169},[57,31287,270],{"class":71},[57,31289,3538],{"class":169},[57,31291,20388],{"class":173},[57,31293,3543],{"class":169},[57,31295,9536],{"class":71},[20,31297,13640],{},[30,31299,31300,31305],{},[33,31301,31302,31304],{},[15,31303,14081],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[33,31306,31307,31309],{},[15,31308,20354],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31311,31312,31313,620],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[614,31314,31316],{"href":31315},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[43,31318,443,31320,31322],{"id":31319},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31321,15184],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31324,31325,31327],{},[15,31326,15184],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31329,31330],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[48,31332,31334],{"className":50,"code":31333,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31335,31336,31356,31391,31395,31409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31337,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31339,459],{"class":63},[57,31341,68],{"class":67},[57,31343,10718],{"class":71},[57,31345,170],{"class":169},[57,31347,18648],{"class":173},[57,31349,170],{"class":169},[57,31351,270],{"class":71},[57,31353,20130],{"class":75},[57,31355,9536],{"class":71},[57,31357,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31383,31385,31387,31389],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31359,9442],{"class":63},[57,31361,68],{"class":67},[57,31363,9447],{"class":71},[57,31365,170],{"class":169},[57,31367,18657],{"class":173},[57,31369,170],{"class":169},[57,31371,79],{"class":71},[57,31373,476],{"class":75},[57,31375,9460],{"class":71},[57,31377,9463],{"class":71},[57,31379,170],{"class":169},[57,31381,31382],{"class":173},"english",[57,31384,170],{"class":169},[57,31386,79],{"class":71},[57,31388,29151],{"class":75},[57,31390,9476],{"class":71},[57,31392,31393],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31394,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,31396,31397,31399,31401,31403,31405,31407],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,31398,498],{"class":63},[57,31400,620],{"class":71},[57,31402,30694],{"class":113},[57,31404,105],{"class":71},[57,31406,9489],{"class":113},[57,31408,316],{"class":71},[57,31410,31411,31413,31415,31417],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,31412,102],{"class":101},[57,31414,105],{"class":71},[57,31416,498],{"class":113},[57,31418,316],{"class":71},[20,31420,216],{},[48,31422,31424],{"className":50,"code":31423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31425,31426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31427,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31429,9505],{"class":71},[57,31431,3543],{"class":169},[57,31433,18648],{"class":173},[57,31435,3543],{"class":169},[57,31437,270],{"class":71},[57,31439,20130],{"class":75},[57,31441,79],{"class":71},[57,31443,3538],{"class":169},[57,31445,18657],{"class":173},[57,31447,3543],{"class":169},[57,31449,270],{"class":71},[57,31451,476],{"class":75},[57,31453,79],{"class":71},[57,31455,3538],{"class":169},[57,31457,31382],{"class":173},[57,31459,3543],{"class":169},[57,31461,270],{"class":71},[57,31463,29151],{"class":75},[57,31465,9536],{"class":71},[20,31467,31468],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[30,31470,31471,31474],{},[33,31472,31473],{},"The key",[33,31475,31476],{},"The value",[20,31478,31479],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31481,31482],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[48,31484,31486],{"className":50,"code":31485,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31487,31488,31508,31533,31537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31489,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31491,9393],{"class":63},[57,31493,68],{"class":67},[57,31495,10718],{"class":71},[57,31497,170],{"class":169},[57,31499,614],{"class":173},[57,31501,170],{"class":169},[57,31503,270],{"class":71},[57,31505,5729],{"class":75},[57,31507,9536],{"class":71},[57,31509,31510,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31511,31512],{"class":63},"bad_pairs ",[57,31514,68],{"class":67},[57,31516,9447],{"class":71},[57,31518,170],{"class":169},[57,31520,4993],{"class":173},[57,31522,170],{"class":169},[57,31524,79],{"class":71},[57,31526,87],{"class":75},[57,31528,79],{"class":71},[57,31530,1793],{"class":75},[57,31532,9476],{"class":71},[57,31534,31535],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31536,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,31538,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31550],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,31540,9431],{"class":63},[57,31542,620],{"class":71},[57,31544,30694],{"class":113},[57,31546,105],{"class":71},[57,31548,31549],{"class":113},"bad_pairs",[57,31551,316],{"class":71},[20,31553,31554],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31556,31557],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[43,31559,31561],{"id":31560},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31563,31564],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[48,31566,31568],{"className":50,"code":31567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31569,31570,31594,31626],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31571,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31573,11716],{"class":63},[57,31575,68],{"class":67},[57,31577,10718],{"class":71},[57,31579,170],{"class":169},[57,31581,7898],{"class":173},[57,31583,170],{"class":169},[57,31585,270],{"class":71},[57,31587,181],{"class":169},[57,31589,29144],{"class":173},[57,31591,170],{"class":169},[57,31593,9536],{"class":71},[57,31595,31596,31598,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31615,31617,31619,31622,31624],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31597,11810],{"class":63},[57,31599,620],{"class":71},[57,31601,30694],{"class":113},[57,31603,105],{"class":71},[57,31605,9526],{"class":334},[57,31607,68],{"class":67},[57,31609,9420],{"class":75},[57,31611,79],{"class":71},[57,31613,31614],{"class":334}," city",[57,31616,68],{"class":67},[57,31618,170],{"class":169},[57,31620,31621],{"class":173},"Madrid",[57,31623,170],{"class":169},[57,31625,316],{"class":71},[57,31627,31628,31630,31632,31634],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31629,102],{"class":101},[57,31631,105],{"class":71},[57,31633,11810],{"class":113},[57,31635,316],{"class":71},[20,31637,216],{},[48,31639,31641],{"className":50,"code":31640,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31642,31643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31644,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31646,9505],{"class":71},[57,31648,3543],{"class":169},[57,31650,7898],{"class":173},[57,31652,3543],{"class":169},[57,31654,270],{"class":71},[57,31656,3538],{"class":169},[57,31658,29144],{"class":173},[57,31660,3543],{"class":169},[57,31662,79],{"class":71},[57,31664,3538],{"class":169},[57,31666,9526],{"class":173},[57,31668,3543],{"class":169},[57,31670,270],{"class":71},[57,31672,9533],{"class":75},[57,31674,79],{"class":71},[57,31676,3538],{"class":169},[57,31678,10636],{"class":173},[57,31680,3543],{"class":169},[57,31682,270],{"class":71},[57,31684,3538],{"class":169},[57,31686,31621],{"class":173},[57,31688,3543],{"class":169},[57,31690,9536],{"class":71},[20,31692,31693],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31695,31696],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31698,31699],{},"These work:",[30,31701,31702,31706,31710],{},[33,31703,31704],{},[15,31705,9526],{},[33,31707,31708],{},[15,31709,10636],{},[33,31711,31712],{},[15,31713,31714],{},"first_name",[20,31716,31717],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[30,31719,31720,31725],{},[33,31721,31722],{},[15,31723,31724],{},"\"first name\"",[33,31726,31727],{},[15,31728,31729],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31731,31732],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[48,31734,31736],{"className":50,"code":31735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31737,31738,31746,31786],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31739,31740,31742,31744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31741,11716],{"class":63},[57,31743,68],{"class":67},[57,31745,10065],{"class":71},[57,31747,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31777,31779,31781,31784],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31749,11810],{"class":63},[57,31751,620],{"class":71},[57,31753,30694],{"class":113},[57,31755,5761],{"class":71},[57,31757,170],{"class":169},[57,31759,10740],{"class":173},[57,31761,170],{"class":169},[57,31763,270],{"class":71},[57,31765,181],{"class":169},[57,31767,29144],{"class":173},[57,31769,170],{"class":169},[57,31771,79],{"class":71},[57,31773,181],{"class":169},[57,31775,31776],{"class":173},"user-id",[57,31778,170],{"class":169},[57,31780,270],{"class":71},[57,31782,31783],{"class":75}," 1001",[57,31785,30726],{"class":71},[57,31787,31788,31790,31792,31794],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31789,102],{"class":101},[57,31791,105],{"class":71},[57,31793,11810],{"class":113},[57,31795,316],{"class":71},[43,31797,17649],{"id":17648},[20,31799,31800,2646,31802,620],{},[15,31801,15184],{},[15,31803,1524],{},[20,31805,14279],{},[20,31807,24939],{},[48,31809,31811],{"className":50,"code":31810,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31812,31813,31837,31863,31867,31877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31814,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31816,13435],{"class":63},[57,31818,68],{"class":67},[57,31820,10718],{"class":71},[57,31822,170],{"class":169},[57,31824,7898],{"class":173},[57,31826,170],{"class":169},[57,31828,270],{"class":71},[57,31830,181],{"class":169},[57,31832,13110],{"class":173},[57,31834,170],{"class":169},[57,31836,9536],{"class":71},[57,31838,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855,31857,31859,31861],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31840,1336],{"class":63},[57,31842,68],{"class":67},[57,31844,13478],{"class":63},[57,31846,620],{"class":71},[57,31848,30694],{"class":113},[57,31850,5761],{"class":71},[57,31852,170],{"class":169},[57,31854,9526],{"class":173},[57,31856,170],{"class":169},[57,31858,270],{"class":71},[57,31860,1617],{"class":75},[57,31862,30726],{"class":71},[57,31864,31865],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31866,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,31868,31869,31871,31873,31875],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,31870,102],{"class":101},[57,31872,105],{"class":71},[57,31874,1368],{"class":113},[57,31876,316],{"class":71},[57,31878,31879,31881,31883,31885],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,31880,102],{"class":101},[57,31882,105],{"class":71},[57,31884,17537],{"class":113},[57,31886,316],{"class":71},[20,31888,216],{},[48,31890,31892],{"className":50,"code":31891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31893,31894,31898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31895,31896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31897,12037],{"class":1523},[57,31899,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31901,9505],{"class":71},[57,31903,3543],{"class":169},[57,31905,7898],{"class":173},[57,31907,3543],{"class":169},[57,31909,270],{"class":71},[57,31911,3538],{"class":169},[57,31913,13110],{"class":173},[57,31915,3543],{"class":169},[57,31917,79],{"class":71},[57,31919,3538],{"class":169},[57,31921,9526],{"class":173},[57,31923,3543],{"class":169},[57,31925,270],{"class":71},[57,31927,1617],{"class":75},[57,31929,9536],{"class":71},[20,31931,16885],{},[48,31933,31935],{"className":50,"code":31934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31936,31937,31961,31983,31987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,31938,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,31940,13435],{"class":63},[57,31942,68],{"class":67},[57,31944,10718],{"class":71},[57,31946,170],{"class":169},[57,31948,7898],{"class":173},[57,31950,170],{"class":169},[57,31952,270],{"class":71},[57,31954,181],{"class":169},[57,31956,13110],{"class":173},[57,31958,170],{"class":169},[57,31960,9536],{"class":71},[57,31962,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,31964,17537],{"class":63},[57,31966,620],{"class":71},[57,31968,30694],{"class":113},[57,31970,5761],{"class":71},[57,31972,170],{"class":169},[57,31974,9526],{"class":173},[57,31976,170],{"class":169},[57,31978,270],{"class":71},[57,31980,1617],{"class":75},[57,31982,30726],{"class":71},[57,31984,31985],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,31986,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,31988,31989,31991,31993,31995],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,31990,102],{"class":101},[57,31992,105],{"class":71},[57,31994,17537],{"class":113},[57,31996,316],{"class":71},[20,31998,216],{},[48,32000,32002],{"className":50,"code":32001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,32003,32004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32005,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32007,9505],{"class":71},[57,32009,3543],{"class":169},[57,32011,7898],{"class":173},[57,32013,3543],{"class":169},[57,32015,270],{"class":71},[57,32017,3538],{"class":169},[57,32019,13110],{"class":173},[57,32021,3543],{"class":169},[57,32023,79],{"class":71},[57,32025,3538],{"class":169},[57,32027,9526],{"class":173},[57,32029,3543],{"class":169},[57,32031,270],{"class":71},[57,32033,1617],{"class":75},[57,32035,9536],{"class":71},[20,32037,32038,32039,620],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[614,32040,18135],{"href":10958},[43,32042,5194,32044],{"id":32043},"when-to-use-update",[15,32045,15184],{},[20,32047,1806,32048,10828],{},[15,32049,15184],{},[30,32051,32052,32055,32058,32061],{},[33,32053,32054],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[33,32056,32057],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[33,32059,32060],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[33,32062,32063],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32065,32066],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[48,32068,32070],{"className":50,"code":32069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32071,32072,32108,32123,32127,32166,32170,32180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32073,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104,32106],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32075,12315],{"class":63},[57,32077,68],{"class":67},[57,32079,10718],{"class":71},[57,32081,170],{"class":169},[57,32083,7898],{"class":173},[57,32085,170],{"class":169},[57,32087,270],{"class":71},[57,32089,181],{"class":169},[57,32091,13110],{"class":173},[57,32093,170],{"class":169},[57,32095,79],{"class":71},[57,32097,181],{"class":169},[57,32099,9526],{"class":173},[57,32101,170],{"class":169},[57,32103,270],{"class":71},[57,32105,1617],{"class":75},[57,32107,9536],{"class":71},[57,32109,32110,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,32111,32112],{"class":63},"updated ",[57,32114,68],{"class":67},[57,32116,12390],{"class":63},[57,32118,620],{"class":71},[57,32120,13141],{"class":113},[57,32122,8870],{"class":71},[57,32124,32125],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,32126,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,32128,32129,32132,32134,32136,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,32130,32131],{"class":63},"updated",[57,32133,620],{"class":71},[57,32135,30694],{"class":113},[57,32137,5761],{"class":71},[57,32139,170],{"class":169},[57,32141,9526],{"class":173},[57,32143,170],{"class":169},[57,32145,270],{"class":71},[57,32147,30707],{"class":75},[57,32149,79],{"class":71},[57,32151,181],{"class":169},[57,32153,10636],{"class":173},[57,32155,170],{"class":169},[57,32157,270],{"class":71},[57,32159,181],{"class":169},[57,32161,16261],{"class":173},[57,32163,170],{"class":169},[57,32165,30726],{"class":71},[57,32167,32168],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,32169,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,32171,32172,32174,32176,32178],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,32173,102],{"class":101},[57,32175,105],{"class":71},[57,32177,12362],{"class":113},[57,32179,316],{"class":71},[57,32181,32182,32184,32186,32188],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,32183,102],{"class":101},[57,32185,105],{"class":71},[57,32187,32131],{"class":113},[57,32189,316],{"class":71},[20,32191,216],{},[48,32193,32195],{"className":50,"code":32194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32196,32197,32229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32198,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32200,9505],{"class":71},[57,32202,3543],{"class":169},[57,32204,7898],{"class":173},[57,32206,3543],{"class":169},[57,32208,270],{"class":71},[57,32210,3538],{"class":169},[57,32212,13110],{"class":173},[57,32214,3543],{"class":169},[57,32216,79],{"class":71},[57,32218,3538],{"class":169},[57,32220,9526],{"class":173},[57,32222,3543],{"class":169},[57,32224,270],{"class":71},[57,32226,1617],{"class":75},[57,32228,9536],{"class":71},[57,32230,32231,32233,32235,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,32232,9505],{"class":71},[57,32234,3543],{"class":169},[57,32236,7898],{"class":173},[57,32238,3543],{"class":169},[57,32240,270],{"class":71},[57,32242,3538],{"class":169},[57,32244,13110],{"class":173},[57,32246,3543],{"class":169},[57,32248,79],{"class":71},[57,32250,3538],{"class":169},[57,32252,9526],{"class":173},[57,32254,3543],{"class":169},[57,32256,270],{"class":71},[57,32258,30707],{"class":75},[57,32260,79],{"class":71},[57,32262,3538],{"class":169},[57,32264,10636],{"class":173},[57,32266,3543],{"class":169},[57,32268,270],{"class":71},[57,32270,3538],{"class":169},[57,32272,16261],{"class":173},[57,32274,3543],{"class":169},[57,32276,9536],{"class":71},[20,32278,32279,32280,620],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[614,32281,16827],{"href":16826},[43,32283,1829],{"id":1828},[20,32285,10975,32286,270],{},[15,32287,15184],{},[30,32289,32290,32297,32301,32304,32307],{},[33,32291,12823,32292,32294,32295],{},[15,32293,15184],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32296,1524],{},[33,32298,1848,32299,12831],{},[15,32300,15184],{},[33,32302,32303],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[33,32305,32306],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[33,32308,32309],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32311,32312],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[48,32314,32316],{"className":50,"code":32315,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32317,32318,32328,32342,32356,32378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32319,32320,32322,32324,32326],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32321,102],{"class":101},[57,32323,105],{"class":71},[57,32325,11677],{"class":113},[57,32327,316],{"class":71},[57,32329,32330,32332,32334,32336,32338,32340],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,32331,102],{"class":101},[57,32333,105],{"class":71},[57,32335,1886],{"class":1102},[57,32337,105],{"class":71},[57,32339,9431],{"class":113},[57,32341,117],{"class":71},[57,32343,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,32345,102],{"class":101},[57,32347,105],{"class":71},[57,32349,8321],{"class":1102},[57,32351,105],{"class":71},[57,32353,9431],{"class":113},[57,32355,117],{"class":71},[57,32357,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,32359,102],{"class":101},[57,32361,105],{"class":71},[57,32363,11677],{"class":113},[57,32365,620],{"class":71},[57,32367,19982],{"class":113},[57,32369,105],{"class":71},[57,32371,3543],{"class":169},[57,32373,432],{"class":173},[57,32375,3543],{"class":169},[57,32377,117],{"class":71},[57,32379,32380,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,32381,32382],{"class":101},"help",[57,32384,105],{"class":71},[57,32386,9049],{"class":1102},[57,32388,620],{"class":71},[57,32390,30694],{"class":1108},[57,32392,316],{"class":71},[20,32394,32395],{},"These can help you check:",[30,32397,32398,32401,32406,32409,32412],{},[33,32399,32400],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[33,32402,32403,32404],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32405,15184],{},[33,32407,32408],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[33,32410,32411],{},"Whether a key exists",[33,32413,32414],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32416,32417,32418,620],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[614,32419,11489],{"href":11302},[43,32421,2011],{"id":2010},[943,32423,12933,32425,32427],{"id":32424},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32426,15184],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32429,32430,32431,620],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32432,1524],{},[943,32434,12933,32436,32438],{"id":32435},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32437,15184],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32440,32441],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[943,32443,2025,32445,32447],{"id":32444},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32446,15184],{}," add new keys?",[20,32449,32450],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[943,32452,28559,32454,32456],{"id":32453},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32455,15184],{}," with a list?",[20,32458,32459,32460,620],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32461,11323],{},[943,32463,2119,32465,32467],{"id":32464},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32466,15184],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32469,32470,32471,32473],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32472,15184],{}," can change many keys at once.",[43,32475,2135],{"id":2134},[30,32477,32478,32482,32486,32491,32495],{},[33,32479,32480],{},[614,32481,26326],{"href":9618},[33,32483,32484],{},[614,32485,11478],{"href":10958},[33,32487,32488],{},[614,32489,32490],{"href":31315},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[33,32492,32493],{},[614,32494,21688],{"href":16826},[33,32496,32497],{},[614,32498,11489],{"href":11302},[2172,32500,32501],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":32503},[32504,32505,32507,32508,32510,32512,32513,32514,32516,32517,32529],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":30749,"depth":98,"text":32506},"What update() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":31109,"depth":98,"text":32509},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31319,"depth":98,"text":32511},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31560,"depth":98,"text":31561},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":32043,"depth":98,"text":32515},"When to use update()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":32518},[32519,32521,32523,32525,32527],{"id":32424,"depth":120,"text":32520},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32435,"depth":120,"text":32522},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32444,"depth":120,"text":32524},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32453,"depth":120,"text":32526},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32464,"depth":120,"text":32528},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30627,"description":32530},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32536,"title":32537,"body":32538,"description":34526,"extension":2219,"meta":34527,"navigation":123,"path":23125,"seo":34528,"stem":34529,"__hash__":34530},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32539,"toc":34489},[32540,32545,32552,32555,32557,32656,32658,32713,32718,32723,32737,32742,32744,32759,32761,32775,32788,32793,32799,32806,32808,32915,32917,32966,32972,33047,33049,33070,33072,33075,33180,33182,33237,33239,33267,33271,33276,33355,33357,33377,33379,33390,33400,33404,33409,33513,33515,33540,33543,33554,33559,33568,33571,33588,33590,33677,33679,33742,33744,33767,33769,33774,33780,33785,33787,33826,33832,33835,33854,33864,33870,33873,33946,33948,33967,33972,33975,33998,34004,34007,34071,34074,34151,34158,34161,34220,34226,34228,34247,34251,34254,34305,34308,34328,34330,34391,34393,34398,34403,34408,34413,34418,34423,34429,34432,34441,34449,34451,34486],[10,32541,11545,32543,11549],{"id":32542},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32544,17301],{},[20,32546,32547,32548,32551],{},"The Python ",[15,32549,32550],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32553,32554],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[43,32556,46],{"id":45},[48,32558,32560],{"className":50,"code":32559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32561,32562,32614,32628,32632,32642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32563,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32565,13093],{"class":63},[57,32567,68],{"class":67},[57,32569,10718],{"class":71},[57,32571,170],{"class":169},[57,32573,7898],{"class":173},[57,32575,170],{"class":169},[57,32577,270],{"class":71},[57,32579,181],{"class":169},[57,32581,13110],{"class":173},[57,32583,170],{"class":169},[57,32585,79],{"class":71},[57,32587,181],{"class":169},[57,32589,9526],{"class":173},[57,32591,170],{"class":169},[57,32593,270],{"class":71},[57,32595,1617],{"class":75},[57,32597,79],{"class":71},[57,32599,181],{"class":169},[57,32601,10636],{"class":173},[57,32603,170],{"class":169},[57,32605,270],{"class":71},[57,32607,181],{"class":169},[57,32609,16261],{"class":173},[57,32611,170],{"class":169},[57,32613,9536],{"class":71},[57,32615,32616,32618,32620,32622,32624,32626],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,32617,4061],{"class":63},[57,32619,68],{"class":67},[57,32621,13136],{"class":63},[57,32623,620],{"class":71},[57,32625,5589],{"class":113},[57,32627,8870],{"class":71},[57,32629,32630],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,32631,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,32633,32634,32636,32638,32640],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,32635,102],{"class":101},[57,32637,105],{"class":71},[57,32639,5589],{"class":113},[57,32641,316],{"class":71},[57,32643,32644,32646,32648,32650,32652,32654],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,32645,102],{"class":101},[57,32647,105],{"class":71},[57,32649,8321],{"class":1102},[57,32651,105],{"class":71},[57,32653,5589],{"class":113},[57,32655,117],{"class":71},[20,32657,216],{},[48,32659,32661],{"className":50,"code":32660,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32662,32663,32689],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32664,32665,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32666,17267],{"class":113},[57,32668,1949],{"class":71},[57,32670,3543],{"class":169},[57,32672,13110],{"class":173},[57,32674,3543],{"class":169},[57,32676,79],{"class":71},[57,32678,1617],{"class":75},[57,32680,79],{"class":71},[57,32682,3538],{"class":169},[57,32684,16261],{"class":173},[57,32686,3543],{"class":169},[57,32688,1975],{"class":71},[57,32690,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,32692,1785],{"class":71},[57,32694,3543],{"class":169},[57,32696,13110],{"class":173},[57,32698,3543],{"class":169},[57,32700,79],{"class":71},[57,32702,1617],{"class":75},[57,32704,79],{"class":71},[57,32706,3538],{"class":169},[57,32708,16261],{"class":173},[57,32710,3543],{"class":169},[57,32712,95],{"class":71},[20,32714,32715,32717],{},[15,32716,17301],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[43,32719,262,32721,265],{"id":32720},"what-values-does",[15,32722,17301],{},[30,32724,32725,32728,32731,32734],{},[33,32726,32727],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[33,32729,32730],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[33,32732,32733],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[33,32735,32736],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32738,32739,32740,620],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[614,32741,9619],{"href":9618},[43,32743,294],{"id":293},[48,32745,32747],{"className":50,"code":32746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32748,32749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32750,32751,32753,32755,32757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32752,11677],{"class":63},[57,32754,620],{"class":71},[57,32756,5589],{"class":113},[57,32758,8870],{"class":71},[20,32760,13282],{},[30,32762,32763,32767,32770],{},[33,32764,32765,11693],{},[15,32766,17301],{},[33,32768,32769],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[33,32771,32772,32773],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32774,17301],{},[20,32776,32777,32778,1242,32783,620],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[614,32779,32780,32782],{"href":17292},[15,32781,17295],{}," for dictionary keys",[614,32784,32785,32787],{"href":17305},[15,32786,17308],{}," for key-value pairs",[43,32789,262,32791,11934],{"id":32790},"what-values-returns",[15,32792,17301],{},[20,32794,32795,22205,32797,24994],{},[15,32796,17301],{},[15,32798,17267],{},[20,32800,32801,32802,32805],{},"This object is a ",[1399,32803,32804],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32807,864],{},[48,32809,32811],{"className":50,"code":32810,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32812,32813,32849,32853,32868,32879,32883,32905],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32814,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845,32847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32816,13435],{"class":63},[57,32818,68],{"class":67},[57,32820,10718],{"class":71},[57,32822,170],{"class":169},[57,32824,7898],{"class":173},[57,32826,170],{"class":169},[57,32828,270],{"class":71},[57,32830,181],{"class":169},[57,32832,8148],{"class":173},[57,32834,170],{"class":169},[57,32836,79],{"class":71},[57,32838,181],{"class":169},[57,32840,9526],{"class":173},[57,32842,170],{"class":169},[57,32844,270],{"class":71},[57,32846,9533],{"class":75},[57,32848,9536],{"class":71},[57,32850,32851],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,32852,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,32854,32855,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,32856,32857],{"class":63},"values_view ",[57,32859,68],{"class":67},[57,32861,13478],{"class":63},[57,32863,620],{"class":71},[57,32865,5589],{"class":113},[57,32867,8870],{"class":71},[57,32869,32870,32872,32874,32877],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,32871,102],{"class":101},[57,32873,105],{"class":71},[57,32875,32876],{"class":113},"values_view",[57,32878,316],{"class":71},[57,32880,32881],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,32882,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,32884,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,32886,17537],{"class":63},[57,32888,1785],{"class":71},[57,32890,170],{"class":169},[57,32892,10636],{"class":173},[57,32894,170],{"class":169},[57,32896,13504],{"class":71},[57,32898,13507],{"class":67},[57,32900,181],{"class":169},[57,32902,30873],{"class":173},[57,32904,3602],{"class":169},[57,32906,32907,32909,32911,32913],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,32908,102],{"class":101},[57,32910,105],{"class":71},[57,32912,32876],{"class":113},[57,32914,316],{"class":71},[20,32916,216],{},[48,32918,32920],{"className":50,"code":32919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32921,32922,32940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32923,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936,32938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32925,17267],{"class":113},[57,32927,1949],{"class":71},[57,32929,3543],{"class":169},[57,32931,8148],{"class":173},[57,32933,3543],{"class":169},[57,32935,79],{"class":71},[57,32937,9533],{"class":75},[57,32939,1975],{"class":71},[57,32941,32942,32944,32946,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,32943,17267],{"class":113},[57,32945,1949],{"class":71},[57,32947,3543],{"class":169},[57,32949,8148],{"class":173},[57,32951,3543],{"class":169},[57,32953,79],{"class":71},[57,32955,9533],{"class":75},[57,32957,79],{"class":71},[57,32959,3538],{"class":169},[57,32961,30873],{"class":173},[57,32963,3543],{"class":169},[57,32965,1975],{"class":71},[20,32967,32968,32969,620],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32970,32971],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[48,32973,32975],{"className":50,"code":32974,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32976,32977,33013,33032,33036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,32978,32979,32981,32983,32985,32987,32989,32991,32993,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,32980,13435],{"class":63},[57,32982,68],{"class":67},[57,32984,10718],{"class":71},[57,32986,170],{"class":169},[57,32988,7898],{"class":173},[57,32990,170],{"class":169},[57,32992,270],{"class":71},[57,32994,181],{"class":169},[57,32996,8148],{"class":173},[57,32998,170],{"class":169},[57,33000,79],{"class":71},[57,33002,181],{"class":169},[57,33004,9526],{"class":173},[57,33006,170],{"class":169},[57,33008,270],{"class":71},[57,33010,9533],{"class":75},[57,33012,9536],{"class":71},[57,33014,33015,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33016,33017],{"class":63},"values_list ",[57,33019,68],{"class":67},[57,33021,22790],{"class":1102},[57,33023,105],{"class":71},[57,33025,17537],{"class":113},[57,33027,620],{"class":71},[57,33029,5589],{"class":113},[57,33031,1671],{"class":71},[57,33033,33034],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33035,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33037,33038,33040,33042,33045],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,33039,102],{"class":101},[57,33041,105],{"class":71},[57,33043,33044],{"class":113},"values_list",[57,33046,316],{"class":71},[20,33048,216],{},[48,33050,33052],{"className":50,"code":33051,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,33053,33054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33055,33056,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33057,1785],{"class":71},[57,33059,3543],{"class":169},[57,33061,8148],{"class":173},[57,33063,3543],{"class":169},[57,33065,79],{"class":71},[57,33067,9533],{"class":75},[57,33069,95],{"class":71},[43,33071,11703],{"id":11702},[20,33073,33074],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[48,33076,33078],{"className":50,"code":33077,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33079,33080,33134,33138,33152,33156,33166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33081,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33115,33117,33119,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33083,25026],{"class":63},[57,33085,68],{"class":67},[57,33087,10718],{"class":71},[57,33089,170],{"class":169},[57,33091,25035],{"class":173},[57,33093,170],{"class":169},[57,33095,270],{"class":71},[57,33097,181],{"class":169},[57,33099,25044],{"class":173},[57,33101,170],{"class":169},[57,33103,79],{"class":71},[57,33105,181],{"class":169},[57,33107,25053],{"class":173},[57,33109,170],{"class":169},[57,33111,270],{"class":71},[57,33113,33114],{"class":75}," 2022",[57,33116,79],{"class":71},[57,33118,181],{"class":169},[57,33120,33121],{"class":173},"color",[57,33123,170],{"class":169},[57,33125,270],{"class":71},[57,33127,181],{"class":169},[57,33129,13340],{"class":173},[57,33131,170],{"class":169},[57,33133,9536],{"class":71},[57,33135,33136],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33137,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33139,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33141,1336],{"class":63},[57,33143,68],{"class":67},[57,33145,25075],{"class":63},[57,33147,620],{"class":71},[57,33149,5589],{"class":113},[57,33151,8870],{"class":71},[57,33153,33154],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,33155,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33157,33158,33160,33162,33164],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,33159,102],{"class":101},[57,33161,105],{"class":71},[57,33163,1368],{"class":113},[57,33165,316],{"class":71},[57,33167,33168,33170,33172,33174,33176,33178],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,33169,102],{"class":101},[57,33171,105],{"class":71},[57,33173,8321],{"class":1102},[57,33175,105],{"class":71},[57,33177,1368],{"class":113},[57,33179,117],{"class":71},[20,33181,216],{},[48,33183,33185],{"className":50,"code":33184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33186,33187,33213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33188,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33190,17267],{"class":113},[57,33192,1949],{"class":71},[57,33194,3543],{"class":169},[57,33196,25044],{"class":173},[57,33198,3543],{"class":169},[57,33200,79],{"class":71},[57,33202,33114],{"class":75},[57,33204,79],{"class":71},[57,33206,3538],{"class":169},[57,33208,13340],{"class":173},[57,33210,3543],{"class":169},[57,33212,1975],{"class":71},[57,33214,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33216,1785],{"class":71},[57,33218,3543],{"class":169},[57,33220,25044],{"class":173},[57,33222,3543],{"class":169},[57,33224,79],{"class":71},[57,33226,33114],{"class":75},[57,33228,79],{"class":71},[57,33230,3538],{"class":169},[57,33232,13340],{"class":173},[57,33234,3543],{"class":169},[57,33236,95],{"class":71},[20,33238,11912],{},[30,33240,33241,33247,33253,33261],{},[33,33242,33243,33246],{},[15,33244,33245],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[33,33248,33249,33252],{},[15,33250,33251],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[33,33254,33255,33258,33259,24848],{},[15,33256,33257],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33260,17267],{},[33,33262,33263,33266],{},[15,33264,33265],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[43,33268,33270],{"id":33269},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33272,33273,33274,26295],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33275,6189],{},[48,33277,33279],{"className":50,"code":33278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33280,33281,33325,33329,33345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33282,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33284,459],{"class":63},[57,33286,68],{"class":67},[57,33288,10718],{"class":71},[57,33290,170],{"class":169},[57,33292,18648],{"class":173},[57,33294,170],{"class":169},[57,33296,270],{"class":71},[57,33298,20130],{"class":75},[57,33300,79],{"class":71},[57,33302,181],{"class":169},[57,33304,31382],{"class":173},[57,33306,170],{"class":169},[57,33308,270],{"class":71},[57,33310,476],{"class":75},[57,33312,79],{"class":71},[57,33314,181],{"class":169},[57,33316,18657],{"class":173},[57,33318,170],{"class":169},[57,33320,270],{"class":71},[57,33322,29151],{"class":75},[57,33324,9536],{"class":71},[57,33326,33327],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33328,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33330,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33332,6189],{"class":1962},[57,33334,21814],{"class":63},[57,33336,1969],{"class":1962},[57,33338,5343],{"class":63},[57,33340,620],{"class":71},[57,33342,5589],{"class":113},[57,33344,21825],{"class":71},[57,33346,33347,33349,33351,33353],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,33348,8296],{"class":101},[57,33350,105],{"class":71},[57,33352,364],{"class":113},[57,33354,316],{"class":71},[20,33356,216],{},[48,33358,33360],{"className":50,"code":33359,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33361,33362,33367,33372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33363,33364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33365,33366],{"class":75},"90\n",[57,33368,33369],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33370,33371],{"class":75},"85\n",[57,33373,33374],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33375,33376],{"class":75},"88\n",[20,33378,17941],{},[30,33380,33381,33384,33387],{},[33,33382,33383],{},"You only need the values",[33,33385,33386],{},"You do not care about the keys",[33,33388,33389],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33391,33392,33393,3122,33397,620],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[614,33394,10964,33395,10968],{"href":17305},[15,33396,17308],{},[614,33398,22705],{"href":33399},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[43,33401,33403],{"id":33402},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33405,1806,33406,33408],{},[15,33407,32971],{}," when you need a list.",[48,33410,33412],{"className":50,"code":33411,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33413,33414,33460,33464,33484,33488,33499],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33415,33416,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33452,33454,33456,33458],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33417,33418],{"class":63},"fruit_prices ",[57,33420,68],{"class":67},[57,33422,10718],{"class":71},[57,33424,170],{"class":169},[57,33426,174],{"class":173},[57,33428,170],{"class":169},[57,33430,270],{"class":71},[57,33432,87],{"class":75},[57,33434,79],{"class":71},[57,33436,181],{"class":169},[57,33438,184],{"class":173},[57,33440,170],{"class":169},[57,33442,270],{"class":71},[57,33444,5729],{"class":75},[57,33446,79],{"class":71},[57,33448,181],{"class":169},[57,33450,33451],{"class":173},"orange",[57,33453,170],{"class":169},[57,33455,270],{"class":71},[57,33457,1793],{"class":75},[57,33459,9536],{"class":71},[57,33461,33462],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33463,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33465,33466,33469,33471,33473,33475,33478,33480,33482],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33467,33468],{"class":63},"price_list ",[57,33470,68],{"class":67},[57,33472,22790],{"class":1102},[57,33474,105],{"class":71},[57,33476,33477],{"class":113},"fruit_prices",[57,33479,620],{"class":71},[57,33481,5589],{"class":113},[57,33483,1671],{"class":71},[57,33485,33486],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,33487,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33489,33490,33492,33494,33497],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,33491,102],{"class":101},[57,33493,105],{"class":71},[57,33495,33496],{"class":113},"price_list",[57,33498,316],{"class":71},[57,33500,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,33502,102],{"class":101},[57,33504,105],{"class":71},[57,33506,33496],{"class":113},[57,33508,1785],{"class":71},[57,33510,1294],{"class":75},[57,33512,1975],{"class":71},[20,33514,216],{},[48,33516,33518],{"className":50,"code":33517,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33519,33520,33536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33521,33522,33524,33526,33528,33530,33532,33534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33523,1785],{"class":71},[57,33525,1788],{"class":75},[57,33527,79],{"class":71},[57,33529,5729],{"class":75},[57,33531,79],{"class":71},[57,33533,1793],{"class":75},[57,33535,95],{"class":71},[57,33537,33538],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33539,17286],{"class":75},[20,33541,33542],{},"This is helpful for:",[30,33544,33545,33548,33551],{},[33,33546,33547],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[33,33549,33550],{},"Accessing values by index",[33,33552,33553],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33555,4159,33556,33558],{},[15,33557,17267],{}," is not the same as a list.",[43,33560,33562,1682,33564,1682,33566],{"id":33561},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33563,17301],{},[15,33565,17295],{},[15,33567,17308],{},[20,33569,33570],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[30,33572,33573,33578,33583],{},[33,33574,33575,33577],{},[15,33576,17301],{}," returns only the values",[33,33579,33580,33582],{},[15,33581,17295],{}," returns only the keys",[33,33584,33585,33587],{},[15,33586,17308],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33589,2378],{},[48,33591,33593],{"className":50,"code":33592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33594,33595,33631,33635,33649,33663],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33596,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615,33617,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33598,13093],{"class":63},[57,33600,68],{"class":67},[57,33602,10718],{"class":71},[57,33604,170],{"class":169},[57,33606,7898],{"class":173},[57,33608,170],{"class":169},[57,33610,270],{"class":71},[57,33612,181],{"class":169},[57,33614,13110],{"class":173},[57,33616,170],{"class":169},[57,33618,79],{"class":71},[57,33620,181],{"class":169},[57,33622,9526],{"class":173},[57,33624,170],{"class":169},[57,33626,270],{"class":71},[57,33628,1617],{"class":75},[57,33630,9536],{"class":71},[57,33632,33633],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33634,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33636,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33638,102],{"class":101},[57,33640,105],{"class":71},[57,33642,13856],{"class":113},[57,33644,620],{"class":71},[57,33646,17153],{"class":113},[57,33648,1671],{"class":71},[57,33650,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,33652,102],{"class":101},[57,33654,105],{"class":71},[57,33656,13856],{"class":113},[57,33658,620],{"class":71},[57,33660,5589],{"class":113},[57,33662,1671],{"class":71},[57,33664,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673,33675],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,33666,102],{"class":101},[57,33668,105],{"class":71},[57,33670,13856],{"class":113},[57,33672,620],{"class":71},[57,33674,1199],{"class":113},[57,33676,1671],{"class":71},[20,33678,216],{},[48,33680,33682],{"className":50,"code":33681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33683,33684,33706,33724],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33685,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33687,17244],{"class":113},[57,33689,1949],{"class":71},[57,33691,3543],{"class":169},[57,33693,7898],{"class":173},[57,33695,3543],{"class":169},[57,33697,79],{"class":71},[57,33699,3538],{"class":169},[57,33701,9526],{"class":173},[57,33703,3543],{"class":169},[57,33705,1975],{"class":71},[57,33707,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33709,17267],{"class":113},[57,33711,1949],{"class":71},[57,33713,3543],{"class":169},[57,33715,13110],{"class":173},[57,33717,3543],{"class":169},[57,33719,79],{"class":71},[57,33721,1617],{"class":75},[57,33723,1975],{"class":71},[57,33725,33726,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33727,22138],{"class":113},[57,33729,9885],{"class":71},[57,33731,3543],{"class":169},[57,33733,7898],{"class":173},[57,33735,3543],{"class":169},[57,33737,79],{"class":71},[57,33739,1617],{"class":75},[57,33741,10906],{"class":71},[20,33743,18926],{},[30,33745,33746,33753,33760],{},[33,33747,33748,33752],{},[614,33749,33750],{"href":17292},[15,33751,17295],{}," when you need just the keys",[33,33754,33755,33759],{},[614,33756,33757],{"href":17298},[15,33758,17301],{}," when you need just the values",[33,33761,33762,33766],{},[614,33763,33764],{"href":17305},[15,33765,17308],{}," when you need both",[43,33768,4751],{"id":4750},[20,33770,33771,33772,620],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33773,17301],{},[943,33775,1837,33777,33779],{"id":33776},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33778,17301],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33781,33782,33784],{},[15,33783,17301],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33786,16873],{},[48,33788,33790],{"className":50,"code":33789,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33791,33792,33812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33793,33794,33796,33798,33800,33802,33804,33806,33808,33810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33795,8536],{"class":63},[57,33797,68],{"class":67},[57,33799,72],{"class":71},[57,33801,3231],{"class":75},[57,33803,79],{"class":71},[57,33805,87],{"class":75},[57,33807,79],{"class":71},[57,33809,1793],{"class":75},[57,33811,95],{"class":71},[57,33813,33814,33816,33818,33820,33822,33824],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33815,102],{"class":101},[57,33817,105],{"class":71},[57,33819,8567],{"class":113},[57,33821,620],{"class":71},[57,33823,5589],{"class":113},[57,33825,1671],{"class":71},[20,33827,33828,33829,33831],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33830,17301],{}," method.",[20,33833,33834],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[48,33836,33838],{"className":50,"code":33837,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33839,33840],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33841,33842,33844,33846,33848,33850,33852],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33843,102],{"class":101},[57,33845,105],{"class":71},[57,33847,1886],{"class":1102},[57,33849,105],{"class":71},[57,33851,8567],{"class":113},[57,33853,117],{"class":71},[20,33855,33856,33857,1034,33859,620],{},"If you get an ",[15,33858,25902],{},[614,33860,25910,33861,33863],{"href":25909},[15,33862,25913],{}," errors",[943,33865,4812,33867,33869],{"id":33866},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33868,17301],{}," returns a list",[20,33871,33872],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[48,33874,33876],{"className":50,"code":33875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33877,33878,33914,33928,33932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33879,33880,33882,33884,33886,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904,33906,33908,33910,33912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33881,13093],{"class":63},[57,33883,68],{"class":67},[57,33885,10718],{"class":71},[57,33887,170],{"class":169},[57,33889,7898],{"class":173},[57,33891,170],{"class":169},[57,33893,270],{"class":71},[57,33895,181],{"class":169},[57,33897,13110],{"class":173},[57,33899,170],{"class":169},[57,33901,79],{"class":71},[57,33903,181],{"class":169},[57,33905,9526],{"class":173},[57,33907,170],{"class":169},[57,33909,270],{"class":71},[57,33911,1617],{"class":75},[57,33913,9536],{"class":71},[57,33915,33916,33918,33920,33922,33924,33926],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,33917,4061],{"class":63},[57,33919,68],{"class":67},[57,33921,13136],{"class":63},[57,33923,620],{"class":71},[57,33925,5589],{"class":113},[57,33927,8870],{"class":71},[57,33929,33930],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,33931,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,33933,33934,33936,33938,33940,33942,33944],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,33935,102],{"class":101},[57,33937,105],{"class":71},[57,33939,1886],{"class":1102},[57,33941,105],{"class":71},[57,33943,5589],{"class":113},[57,33945,117],{"class":71},[20,33947,216],{},[48,33949,33951],{"className":50,"code":33950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33952,33953],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33954,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33956,3532],{"class":67},[57,33958,3535],{"class":1208},[57,33960,3538],{"class":169},[57,33962,17267],{"class":173},[57,33964,3543],{"class":169},[57,33966,3546],{"class":67},[20,33968,5379,33969,33971],{},[15,33970,17267],{},", not a list.",[20,33973,33974],{},"If you need a list:",[48,33976,33978],{"className":50,"code":33977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33979,33980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,33981,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,33983,4061],{"class":63},[57,33985,68],{"class":67},[57,33987,22790],{"class":1102},[57,33989,105],{"class":71},[57,33991,13856],{"class":113},[57,33993,620],{"class":71},[57,33995,5589],{"class":113},[57,33997,1671],{"class":71},[943,33999,34001,34002],{"id":34000},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,34003,17267],{},[20,34005,34006],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[48,34008,34010],{"className":50,"code":34009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,34011,34012,34048,34062,34066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34013,34014,34016,34018,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34015,13093],{"class":63},[57,34017,68],{"class":67},[57,34019,10718],{"class":71},[57,34021,170],{"class":169},[57,34023,7898],{"class":173},[57,34025,170],{"class":169},[57,34027,270],{"class":71},[57,34029,181],{"class":169},[57,34031,13110],{"class":173},[57,34033,170],{"class":169},[57,34035,79],{"class":71},[57,34037,181],{"class":169},[57,34039,9526],{"class":173},[57,34041,170],{"class":169},[57,34043,270],{"class":71},[57,34045,1617],{"class":75},[57,34047,9536],{"class":71},[57,34049,34050,34052,34054,34056,34058,34060],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34051,4061],{"class":63},[57,34053,68],{"class":67},[57,34055,13136],{"class":63},[57,34057,620],{"class":71},[57,34059,5589],{"class":113},[57,34061,8870],{"class":71},[57,34063,34064],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,34065,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,34067,34068],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,34069,34070],{"class":3903},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34072,34073],{},"Convert to a list first:",[48,34075,34077],{"className":50,"code":34076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34078,34079,34115,34133,34137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34080,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34082,13093],{"class":63},[57,34084,68],{"class":67},[57,34086,10718],{"class":71},[57,34088,170],{"class":169},[57,34090,7898],{"class":173},[57,34092,170],{"class":169},[57,34094,270],{"class":71},[57,34096,181],{"class":169},[57,34098,13110],{"class":173},[57,34100,170],{"class":169},[57,34102,79],{"class":71},[57,34104,181],{"class":169},[57,34106,9526],{"class":173},[57,34108,170],{"class":169},[57,34110,270],{"class":71},[57,34112,1617],{"class":75},[57,34114,9536],{"class":71},[57,34116,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34118,4061],{"class":63},[57,34120,68],{"class":67},[57,34122,22790],{"class":1102},[57,34124,105],{"class":71},[57,34126,13856],{"class":113},[57,34128,620],{"class":71},[57,34130,5589],{"class":113},[57,34132,1671],{"class":71},[57,34134,34135],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,34136,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,34138,34139,34141,34143,34145,34147,34149],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,34140,102],{"class":101},[57,34142,105],{"class":71},[57,34144,5589],{"class":113},[57,34146,1785],{"class":71},[57,34148,1294],{"class":75},[57,34150,1975],{"class":71},[943,34152,443,34154,11320,34156],{"id":34153},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34155,5589],{},[15,34157,17301],{},[20,34159,34160],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[48,34162,34164],{"className":50,"code":34163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34165,34166,34202,34206],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34167,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196,34198,34200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34169,13093],{"class":63},[57,34171,68],{"class":67},[57,34173,10718],{"class":71},[57,34175,170],{"class":169},[57,34177,7898],{"class":173},[57,34179,170],{"class":169},[57,34181,270],{"class":71},[57,34183,181],{"class":169},[57,34185,13110],{"class":173},[57,34187,170],{"class":169},[57,34189,79],{"class":71},[57,34191,181],{"class":169},[57,34193,9526],{"class":173},[57,34195,170],{"class":169},[57,34197,270],{"class":71},[57,34199,1617],{"class":75},[57,34201,9536],{"class":71},[57,34203,34204],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34205,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,34207,34208,34210,34212,34214,34216,34218],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,34209,102],{"class":101},[57,34211,105],{"class":71},[57,34213,13856],{"class":113},[57,34215,620],{"class":71},[57,34217,5589],{"class":1108},[57,34219,316],{"class":71},[20,34221,34222,34225],{},[15,34223,34224],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34227,18926],{},[48,34229,34231],{"className":50,"code":34230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34232,34233],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34234,34235,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34236,102],{"class":101},[57,34238,105],{"class":71},[57,34240,13856],{"class":113},[57,34242,620],{"class":71},[57,34244,5589],{"class":113},[57,34246,1671],{"class":71},[943,34248,34250],{"id":34249},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34252,34253],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[48,34255,34257],{"className":50,"code":34256,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34258,34259,34291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34260,34261,34263,34265,34267,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285,34287,34289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34262,9393],{"class":63},[57,34264,68],{"class":67},[57,34266,10718],{"class":71},[57,34268,170],{"class":169},[57,34270,614],{"class":173},[57,34272,170],{"class":169},[57,34274,270],{"class":71},[57,34276,5729],{"class":75},[57,34278,79],{"class":71},[57,34280,181],{"class":169},[57,34282,4993],{"class":173},[57,34284,170],{"class":169},[57,34286,270],{"class":71},[57,34288,87],{"class":75},[57,34290,9536],{"class":71},[57,34292,34293,34295,34297,34299,34301,34303],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34294,102],{"class":101},[57,34296,105],{"class":71},[57,34298,9431],{"class":113},[57,34300,620],{"class":71},[57,34302,5589],{"class":113},[57,34304,1671],{"class":71},[20,34306,34307],{},"Not like this:",[48,34309,34311],{"className":50,"code":34310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34312,34313,34318,34323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34314,34315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34316,34317],{"class":3903},"# Wrong examples:\n",[57,34319,34320],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34321,34322],{"class":3903},"# data().values()\n",[57,34324,34325],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,34326,34327],{"class":3903},"# values(data)\n",[20,34329,3583],{},[48,34331,34333],{"className":50,"code":34332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34334,34335,34349,34359,34373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34336,34337,34339,34341,34343,34345,34347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34338,102],{"class":101},[57,34340,105],{"class":71},[57,34342,1886],{"class":1102},[57,34344,105],{"class":71},[57,34346,11677],{"class":113},[57,34348,117],{"class":71},[57,34350,34351,34353,34355,34357],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34352,102],{"class":101},[57,34354,105],{"class":71},[57,34356,11677],{"class":113},[57,34358,316],{"class":71},[57,34360,34361,34363,34365,34367,34369,34371],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,34362,102],{"class":101},[57,34364,105],{"class":71},[57,34366,11677],{"class":113},[57,34368,620],{"class":71},[57,34370,5589],{"class":113},[57,34372,1671],{"class":71},[57,34374,34375,34377,34379,34381,34383,34385,34387,34389],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,34376,102],{"class":101},[57,34378,105],{"class":71},[57,34380,8321],{"class":1102},[57,34382,105],{"class":71},[57,34384,11677],{"class":113},[57,34386,620],{"class":71},[57,34388,5589],{"class":113},[57,34390,6520],{"class":71},[43,34392,2011],{"id":2010},[943,34394,2015,34396,2018],{"id":34395},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34397,32550],{},[20,34399,17652,34400,34402],{},[15,34401,17267],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[943,34404,12933,34406,24162],{"id":34405},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34407,17301],{},[20,34409,24165,34410,24169],{},[15,34411,34412],{},"list(...)",[943,34414,26287,34416,2053],{"id":34415},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34417,32550],{},[20,34419,34420,34421,26295],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34422,6189],{},[943,34424,12933,34426,34428],{"id":34425},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34427,32550],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34430,34431],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[943,34433,34435,34436,34438,34439,2053],{"id":34434},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34437,17301],{}," different from ",[15,34440,17308],{},[20,34442,34443,34445,34446,34448],{},[15,34444,17301],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34447,17308],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[43,34450,2135],{"id":2134},[30,34452,34453,34459,34465,34469,34475,34479],{},[33,34454,34455],{},[614,34456,10964,34457,10968],{"href":17292},[15,34458,17295],{},[33,34460,34461],{},[614,34462,10964,34463,10968],{"href":17305},[15,34464,17308],{},[33,34466,34467],{},[614,34468,11469],{"href":9618},[33,34470,34471],{},[614,34472,34474],{"href":34473},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[33,34476,34477],{},[614,34478,24247],{"href":33399},[33,34480,34481],{},[614,34482,30577,34483],{"href":25909},[15,34484,34485],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2172,34487,34488],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":34490},[34491,34492,34494,34495,34497,34498,34499,34500,34502,34513,34525],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":32720,"depth":98,"text":34493},"What values() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":32790,"depth":98,"text":34496},"What values() returns",{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":33269,"depth":98,"text":33270},{"id":33402,"depth":98,"text":33403},{"id":33561,"depth":98,"text":34501},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":34503},[34504,34506,34508,34510,34512],{"id":33776,"depth":120,"text":34505},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33866,"depth":120,"text":34507},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":34000,"depth":120,"text":34509},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34153,"depth":120,"text":34511},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34249,"depth":120,"text":34250},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":34514},[34515,34517,34519,34521,34523],{"id":34395,"depth":120,"text":34516},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34405,"depth":120,"text":34518},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34415,"depth":120,"text":34520},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34425,"depth":120,"text":34522},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34434,"depth":120,"text":34524},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32537,"description":34526},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34532,"title":34533,"body":34534,"description":35964,"extension":2219,"meta":35965,"navigation":123,"path":35966,"seo":35967,"stem":35968,"__hash__":35969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34535,"toc":35916},[34536,34542,34547,34550,34566,34575,34577,34609,34615,34618,34713,34716,34721,34726,34729,34740,34742,34756,34762,34764,34769,34775,34778,34817,34825,34830,34833,34878,34881,34893,34899,34905,34909,34941,34944,34962,34965,34969,35008,35010,35030,35033,35045,35050,35056,35059,35114,35117,35128,35131,35142,35145,35149,35155,35157,35187,35190,35205,35208,35211,35230,35233,35249,35258,35260,35291,35297,35302,35305,35312,35343,35346,35368,35371,35374,35388,35392,35423,35438,35445,35452,35456,35464,35468,35476,35479,35528,35539,35541,35544,35550,35555,35565,35569,35572,35575,35579,35582,35584,35605,35609,35615,35626,35632,35634,35640,35664,35667,35730,35733,35761,35764,35826,35828,35833,35836,35843,35851,35858,35861,35869,35875,35877,35904,35913],[10,34537,13,34539,18],{"id":34538},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34540,34541],{},"dir()",[20,34543,32547,34544,34546],{},[15,34545,34541],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34548,34549],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[30,34551,34552,34555,34558,34563],{},[33,34553,34554],{},"learning Python",[33,34556,34557],{},"exploring a new object",[33,34559,34560,34561],{},"debugging an ",[15,34562,25902],{},[33,34564,34565],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34567,34568,34569,34571,34572],{},"In short, ",[15,34570,34541],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[1399,34573,34574],{},"“What can I use here?”",[43,34576,46],{"id":45},[48,34578,34580],{"className":50,"code":34579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34581,34582,34594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34583,34584,34586,34588,34590,34592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34585,8103],{"class":63},[57,34587,68],{"class":67},[57,34589,181],{"class":169},[57,34591,4084],{"class":173},[57,34593,3602],{"class":169},[57,34595,34596,34598,34600,34603,34605,34607],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34597,102],{"class":101},[57,34599,105],{"class":71},[57,34601,34602],{"class":101},"dir",[57,34604,105],{"class":71},[57,34606,7898],{"class":113},[57,34608,117],{"class":71},[20,34610,1806,34611,34614],{},[15,34612,34613],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34616,34617],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[48,34619,34621],{"className":50,"code":34620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34622,34623],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34624,34625,34627,34629,34632,34634,34636,34638,34641,34643,34645,34647,34650,34652,34654,34656,34659,34661,34663,34665,34668,34670,34672,34674,34677,34679,34681,34685,34687,34689,34691,34693,34695,34697,34700,34702,34704,34706,34709,34711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34626,1785],{"class":71},[57,34628,3543],{"class":169},[57,34630,34631],{"class":173},"__add__",[57,34633,3543],{"class":169},[57,34635,79],{"class":71},[57,34637,3538],{"class":169},[57,34639,34640],{"class":173},"__class__",[57,34642,3543],{"class":169},[57,34644,79],{"class":71},[57,34646,3538],{"class":169},[57,34648,34649],{"class":173},"__contains__",[57,34651,3543],{"class":169},[57,34653,79],{"class":71},[57,34655,3538],{"class":169},[57,34657,34658],{"class":173},"__delattr__",[57,34660,3543],{"class":169},[57,34662,79],{"class":71},[57,34664,3538],{"class":169},[57,34666,34667],{"class":173},"__dir__",[57,34669,3543],{"class":169},[57,34671,79],{"class":71},[57,34673,3538],{"class":169},[57,34675,34676],{"class":173},"__doc__",[57,34678,3543],{"class":169},[57,34680,79],{"class":71},[57,34682,34684],{"class":34683},"s_hVV"," ...",[57,34686,79],{"class":71},[57,34688,3538],{"class":169},[57,34690,1109],{"class":173},[57,34692,3543],{"class":169},[57,34694,79],{"class":71},[57,34696,3538],{"class":169},[57,34698,34699],{"class":173},"split",[57,34701,3543],{"class":169},[57,34703,79],{"class":71},[57,34705,3538],{"class":169},[57,34707,34708],{"class":173},"upper",[57,34710,3543],{"class":169},[57,34712,95],{"class":71},[20,34714,34715],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[43,34717,262,34719,265],{"id":34718},"what-dir-does",[15,34720,34541],{},[20,34722,34723,34725],{},[15,34724,34541],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34727,34728],{},"It usually includes:",[30,34730,34731,34734,34737],{},[33,34732,34733],{},"attributes",[33,34735,34736],{},"methods",[33,34738,34739],{},"special Python names",[20,34741,11686],{},[30,34743,34744,34750,34753],{},[33,34745,34746,34747],{},"The result is a ",[1399,34748,34749],{},"list of strings",[33,34751,34752],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[33,34754,34755],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34757,34758,34759,34761],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34760,34541],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[43,34763,294],{"id":293},[20,34765,34766,34768],{},[15,34767,34541],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[943,34770,34772,34774],{"id":34771},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34773,34541],{}," with no argument",[20,34776,34777],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[48,34779,34781],{"className":50,"code":34780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34782,34783,34791,34803,34807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34784,34785,34787,34789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34786,3266],{"class":63},[57,34788,68],{"class":67},[57,34790,2832],{"class":75},[57,34792,34793,34795,34797,34799,34801],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34794,8103],{"class":63},[57,34796,68],{"class":67},[57,34798,181],{"class":169},[57,34800,7907],{"class":173},[57,34802,3602],{"class":169},[57,34804,34805],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,34806,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,34808,34809,34811,34813,34815],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,34810,102],{"class":101},[57,34812,105],{"class":71},[57,34814,34602],{"class":101},[57,34816,1671],{"class":71},[20,34818,34819,34820,1242,34822,34824],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34821,1956],{},[15,34823,7898],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[943,34826,34828],{"id":34827},"dirobject",[15,34829,34613],{},[20,34831,34832],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[48,34834,34836],{"className":50,"code":34835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34837,34838,34856],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34839,34840,34842,34844,34846,34848,34850,34852,34854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34841,102],{"class":101},[57,34843,105],{"class":71},[57,34845,34602],{"class":101},[57,34847,105],{"class":71},[57,34849,170],{"class":169},[57,34851,4084],{"class":173},[57,34853,170],{"class":169},[57,34855,117],{"class":71},[57,34857,34858,34860,34862,34864,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874,34876],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34859,102],{"class":101},[57,34861,105],{"class":71},[57,34863,34602],{"class":101},[57,34865,1949],{"class":71},[57,34867,3231],{"class":75},[57,34869,79],{"class":71},[57,34871,87],{"class":75},[57,34873,79],{"class":71},[57,34875,1793],{"class":75},[57,34877,3242],{"class":71},[20,34879,34880],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[30,34882,34883,34885,34887,34890],{},[33,34884,5539],{},[33,34886,5530],{},[33,34888,34889],{},"modules",[33,34891,34892],{},"custom objects",[43,34894,443,34896,34898],{"id":34895},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34897,34541],{}," with a value",[20,34900,34901,34902,34904],{},"A common use of ",[15,34903,34541],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[943,34906,34908],{"id":34907},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[48,34910,34912],{"className":50,"code":34911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34913,34914,34927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34915,34916,34919,34921,34923,34925],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34917,34918],{"class":63},"text ",[57,34920,68],{"class":67},[57,34922,181],{"class":169},[57,34924,4084],{"class":173},[57,34926,3602],{"class":169},[57,34928,34929,34931,34933,34935,34937,34939],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34930,102],{"class":101},[57,34932,105],{"class":71},[57,34934,34602],{"class":101},[57,34936,105],{"class":71},[57,34938,1222],{"class":113},[57,34940,117],{"class":71},[20,34942,34943],{},"You will see method names like:",[30,34945,34946,34950,34954,34958],{},[33,34947,34948],{},[15,34949,1109],{},[33,34951,34952],{},[15,34953,34708],{},[33,34955,34956],{},[15,34957,34699],{},[33,34959,34960],{},[15,34961,8862],{},[20,34963,34964],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[943,34966,34968],{"id":34967},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[48,34970,34972],{"className":50,"code":34971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34973,34974,34994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,34975,34976,34978,34980,34982,34984,34986,34988,34990,34992],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,34977,64],{"class":63},[57,34979,68],{"class":67},[57,34981,72],{"class":71},[57,34983,3231],{"class":75},[57,34985,79],{"class":71},[57,34987,87],{"class":75},[57,34989,79],{"class":71},[57,34991,1793],{"class":75},[57,34993,95],{"class":71},[57,34995,34996,34998,35000,35002,35004,35006],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,34997,102],{"class":101},[57,34999,105],{"class":71},[57,35001,34602],{"class":101},[57,35003,105],{"class":71},[57,35005,114],{"class":113},[57,35007,117],{"class":71},[20,35009,34943],{},[30,35011,35012,35016,35020,35025],{},[33,35013,35014],{},[15,35015,13783],{},[33,35017,35018],{},[15,35019,26472],{},[33,35021,35022],{},[15,35023,35024],{},"remove",[33,35026,35027],{},[15,35028,35029],{},"sort",[20,35031,35032],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,35034,35035,35036,35041,35042,35044],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[614,35037,35039],{"href":35038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,35040,2552],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,35043,34541],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[43,35046,443,35048,34774],{"id":35047},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,35049,34541],{},[20,35051,35052,35053,35055],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,35054,34541],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,35057,35058],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[48,35060,35062],{"className":50,"code":35061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35063,35064,35073,35077,35088,35100,35104],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35065,35066,35068,35070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35067,3266],{"class":63},[57,35069,68],{"class":67},[57,35071,35072],{"class":75}," 5\n",[57,35074,35075],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35076,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,35078,35079,35082,35086],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,35080,35081],{"class":1208},"def",[57,35083,35085],{"class":35084},"sGLFI"," greet",[57,35087,21825],{"class":71},[57,35089,35090,35093,35095,35098],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,35091,35092],{"class":1962},"    return",[57,35094,181],{"class":169},[57,35096,35097],{"class":173},"Hello",[57,35099,3602],{"class":169},[57,35101,35102],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,35103,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,35105,35106,35108,35110,35112],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,35107,102],{"class":101},[57,35109,105],{"class":71},[57,35111,34602],{"class":101},[57,35113,1671],{"class":71},[20,35115,35116],{},"The output will include names like:",[30,35118,35119,35123],{},[33,35120,35121],{},[15,35122,1956],{},[33,35124,35125],{},[15,35126,35127],{},"greet",[20,35129,35130],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[30,35132,35133,35136,35139],{},[33,35134,35135],{},"what variables exist",[33,35137,35138],{},"what functions you have defined",[33,35140,35141],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35143,35144],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[43,35146,35148],{"id":35147},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35150,35151,35152,35154],{},"When you first use ",[15,35153,34541],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35156,864],{},[48,35158,35159],{"className":50,"code":34911,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,35160,35161,35173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35162,35163,35165,35167,35169,35171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35164,34918],{"class":63},[57,35166,68],{"class":67},[57,35168,181],{"class":169},[57,35170,4084],{"class":173},[57,35172,3602],{"class":169},[57,35174,35175,35177,35179,35181,35183,35185],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35176,102],{"class":101},[57,35178,105],{"class":71},[57,35180,34602],{"class":101},[57,35182,105],{"class":71},[57,35184,1222],{"class":113},[57,35186,117],{"class":71},[20,35188,35189],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[30,35191,35192,35196,35200],{},[33,35193,35194],{},[15,35195,34640],{},[33,35197,35198],{},[15,35199,34676],{},[33,35201,35202],{},[15,35203,35204],{},"__len__",[20,35206,35207],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35209,35210],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[30,35212,35213,35217,35221,35225],{},[33,35214,35215],{},[15,35216,34708],{},[33,35218,35219],{},[15,35220,1109],{},[33,35222,35223],{},[15,35224,34699],{},[33,35226,35227],{},[15,35228,35229],{},"replace",[20,35231,35232],{},"A key point to remember:",[30,35234,35235,35243],{},[33,35236,35237,35239,35240],{},[15,35238,34541],{}," lists ",[1399,35241,35242],{},"names only",[33,35244,35245,35246,35248],{},"it does ",[1399,35247,1401],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35250,35251,35252,620],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[614,35253,35255],{"href":35254},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35256,35257],{},"help()",[20,35259,5703],{},[48,35261,35263],{"className":50,"code":35262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35264,35265,35277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35266,35267,35269,35271,35273,35275],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35268,8103],{"class":63},[57,35270,68],{"class":67},[57,35272,181],{"class":169},[57,35274,4084],{"class":173},[57,35276,3602],{"class":169},[57,35278,35279,35281,35283,35285,35287,35289],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35280,32382],{"class":101},[57,35282,105],{"class":71},[57,35284,7898],{"class":113},[57,35286,620],{"class":71},[57,35288,34708],{"class":1108},[57,35290,316],{"class":71},[43,35292,35294,35296],{"id":35293},"dir-on-modules",[15,35295,34541],{}," on modules",[20,35298,15945,35299,35301],{},[15,35300,34541],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35303,35304],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[943,35306,35308,35309,35311],{"id":35307},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35310,18648],{}," module",[48,35313,35315],{"className":50,"code":35314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35316,35317,35325,35329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35318,35319,35322],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35320,35321],{"class":1962},"import",[57,35323,35324],{"class":63}," math\n",[57,35326,35327],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35328,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,35330,35331,35333,35335,35337,35339,35341],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,35332,102],{"class":101},[57,35334,105],{"class":71},[57,35336,34602],{"class":101},[57,35338,105],{"class":71},[57,35340,18648],{"class":113},[57,35342,117],{"class":71},[20,35344,35345],{},"You may see names like:",[30,35347,35348,35353,35358,35363],{},[33,35349,35350],{},[15,35351,35352],{},"sqrt",[33,35354,35355],{},[15,35356,35357],{},"ceil",[33,35359,35360],{},[15,35361,35362],{},"floor",[33,35364,35365],{},[15,35366,35367],{},"pi",[20,35369,35370],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35372,35373],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[30,35375,35376,35382],{},[33,35377,35378],{},[614,35379,35381],{"href":35380},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[33,35383,35384],{},[614,35385,35387],{"href":35386},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[943,35389,35391],{"id":35390},"another-example","Another example",[48,35393,35395],{"className":50,"code":35394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35396,35397,35404,35408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35398,35399,35401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35400,35321],{"class":1962},[57,35402,35403],{"class":63}," json\n",[57,35405,35406],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35407,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,35409,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418,35421],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,35411,102],{"class":101},[57,35413,105],{"class":71},[57,35415,34602],{"class":101},[57,35417,105],{"class":71},[57,35419,35420],{"class":113},"json",[57,35422,117],{"class":71},[20,35424,35425,35426,2441,35429,2441,35432,17302,35435,620],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35427,35428],{},"dump",[15,35430,35431],{},"dumps",[15,35433,35434],{},"load",[15,35436,35437],{},"loads",[43,35439,35441,1682,35443],{"id":35440},"dir-vs-help",[15,35442,34541],{},[15,35444,35257],{},[20,35446,35447,1242,35449,35451],{},[15,35448,34541],{},[15,35450,35257],{}," are often used together.",[943,35453,35454],{"id":34602},[15,35455,34541],{},[30,35457,35458,35461],{},[33,35459,35460],{},"shows available names",[33,35462,35463],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[943,35465,35466],{"id":32382},[15,35467,35257],{},[30,35469,35470,35473],{},[33,35471,35472],{},"explains what an object or function does",[33,35474,35475],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35477,35478],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[48,35480,35482],{"className":50,"code":35481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35483,35484,35496,35500,35514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35485,35486,35488,35490,35492,35494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35487,8103],{"class":63},[57,35489,68],{"class":67},[57,35491,181],{"class":169},[57,35493,4084],{"class":173},[57,35495,3602],{"class":169},[57,35497,35498],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35499,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,35501,35502,35504,35506,35508,35510,35512],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,35503,102],{"class":101},[57,35505,105],{"class":71},[57,35507,34602],{"class":101},[57,35509,105],{"class":71},[57,35511,7898],{"class":113},[57,35513,117],{"class":71},[57,35515,35516,35518,35520,35522,35524,35526],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,35517,32382],{"class":101},[57,35519,105],{"class":71},[57,35521,7898],{"class":113},[57,35523,620],{"class":71},[57,35525,34708],{"class":1108},[57,35527,316],{"class":71},[20,35529,1806,35530,35532,35533,35535,35536,35538],{},[15,35531,34541],{}," first to find a method name.",[10073,35534],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35537,35257],{}," to understand how to use it.",[43,35540,25588],{"id":25587},[20,35542,35543],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[943,35545,35547,35549],{"id":35546},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35548,34541],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35551,35552,35554],{},[15,35553,34541],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35556,35557,35558,35560,35561,35564],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35559,34708],{}," in ",[15,35562,35563],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[943,35566,35568],{"id":35567},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35570,35571],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35573,35574],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[943,35576,35578],{"id":35577},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35580,35581],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35583,5703],{},[30,35585,35586,35591,35597],{},[33,35587,35588,35590],{},[15,35589,35563],{}," shows string-related names",[33,35592,35593,35596],{},[15,35594,35595],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[33,35598,35599,35602,35603,35311],{},[15,35600,35601],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35604,18648],{},[943,35606,35608],{"id":35607},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35610,35611,35612,35614],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35613,34541],{}," does not mean you already know:",[30,35616,35617,35620,35623],{},[33,35618,35619],{},"what it does",[33,35621,35622],{},"what arguments it needs",[33,35624,35625],{},"what it returns",[20,35627,35628,35629,35631],{},"That is why ",[15,35630,35257],{}," is the natural next step.",[43,35633,1829],{"id":1828},[20,35635,35636,35637,35639],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35638,34541],{}," in these situations:",[30,35641,35642,35645,35654,35657],{},[33,35643,35644],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[33,35646,35647,35648,35653],{},"Seeing an ",[614,35649,35651],{"href":35650},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35652,25902],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[33,35655,35656],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[33,35658,443,35659,35661,35662],{},[15,35660,34541],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35663,35257],{},[20,35665,35666],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[48,35668,35670],{"className":50,"code":35669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35671,35672,35684,35688,35702,35716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35673,35674,35676,35678,35680,35682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35675,8103],{"class":63},[57,35677,68],{"class":67},[57,35679,181],{"class":169},[57,35681,4084],{"class":173},[57,35683,3602],{"class":169},[57,35685,35686],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35687,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,35689,35690,35692,35694,35696,35698,35700],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,35691,102],{"class":101},[57,35693,105],{"class":71},[57,35695,1886],{"class":1102},[57,35697,105],{"class":71},[57,35699,7898],{"class":113},[57,35701,117],{"class":71},[57,35703,35704,35706,35708,35710,35712,35714],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,35705,102],{"class":101},[57,35707,105],{"class":71},[57,35709,34602],{"class":101},[57,35711,105],{"class":71},[57,35713,7898],{"class":113},[57,35715,117],{"class":71},[57,35717,35718,35720,35722,35724,35726,35728],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,35719,32382],{"class":101},[57,35721,105],{"class":71},[57,35723,7898],{"class":113},[57,35725,620],{"class":71},[57,35727,34708],{"class":1108},[57,35729,316],{"class":71},[20,35731,35732],{},"And for modules:",[48,35734,35735],{"className":50,"code":35314,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,35736,35737,35743,35747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35738,35739,35741],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35740,35321],{"class":1962},[57,35742,35324],{"class":63},[57,35744,35745],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35746,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,35748,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,35750,102],{"class":101},[57,35752,105],{"class":71},[57,35754,34602],{"class":101},[57,35756,105],{"class":71},[57,35758,18648],{"class":113},[57,35760,117],{"class":71},[20,35762,35763],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[48,35765,35767],{"className":50,"code":35766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35768,35769,35774,35786,35796,35810,35816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,35770,35771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,35772,35773],{"class":63},"python\n",[57,35775,35776,35778,35780,35782,35784],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,35777,8103],{"class":63},[57,35779,68],{"class":67},[57,35781,181],{"class":169},[57,35783,4084],{"class":173},[57,35785,3602],{"class":169},[57,35787,35788,35790,35792,35794],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,35789,34602],{"class":101},[57,35791,105],{"class":71},[57,35793,7898],{"class":113},[57,35795,316],{"class":71},[57,35797,35798,35800,35802,35804,35806,35808],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,35799,32382],{"class":101},[57,35801,105],{"class":71},[57,35803,7898],{"class":113},[57,35805,620],{"class":71},[57,35807,34708],{"class":1108},[57,35809,316],{"class":71},[57,35811,35812,35814],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,35813,35321],{"class":1962},[57,35815,35324],{"class":63},[57,35817,35818,35820,35822,35824],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,35819,34602],{"class":101},[57,35821,105],{"class":71},[57,35823,18648],{"class":113},[57,35825,316],{"class":71},[43,35827,2011],{"id":2010},[943,35829,2015,35831,2018],{"id":35830},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35832,34541],{},[20,35834,35835],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[943,35837,2119,35839,1242,35841,2053],{"id":35838},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35840,34541],{},[15,35842,35257],{},[20,35844,35845,35847,35848,35850],{},[15,35846,34541],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35849,35257],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[943,35852,35854,35855,35857],{"id":35853},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35856,34541],{}," output?",[20,35859,35860],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[943,35862,2025,35864,35866,35867,2053],{"id":35863},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35865,34541],{}," help fix ",[15,35868,25902],{},[20,35870,35871,35872,620],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[614,35873,35874],{"href":35650},"object has no attribute",[43,35876,2135],{"id":2134},[30,35878,35879,35885,35890,35894,35898],{},[33,35880,35881],{},[614,35882,13,35883,2144],{"href":35254},[15,35884,35257],{},[33,35886,35887],{},[614,35888,35889],{"href":35650},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[33,35891,35892],{},[614,35893,35381],{"href":35380},[33,35895,35896],{},[614,35897,35387],{"href":35386},[33,35899,35900],{},[614,35901,13,35902,2144],{"href":35038},[15,35903,2552],{},[20,35905,35906,35907,35909,35910,35912],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35908,34541],{}," together with ",[15,35911,35257],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2172,35914,35915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":35917},[35918,35919,35921,35926,35931,35933,35934,35940,35945,35952,35953,35963],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":34718,"depth":98,"text":35920},"What dir() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":35922},[35923,35925],{"id":34771,"depth":120,"text":35924},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34827,"depth":120,"text":34613},{"id":34895,"depth":98,"text":35927,"children":35928},"Using dir() with a value",[35929,35930],{"id":34907,"depth":120,"text":34908},{"id":34967,"depth":120,"text":34968},{"id":35047,"depth":98,"text":35932},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35147,"depth":98,"text":35148},{"id":35293,"depth":98,"text":35935,"children":35936},"dir() on modules",[35937,35939],{"id":35307,"depth":120,"text":35938},"Example: math module",{"id":35390,"depth":120,"text":35391},{"id":35440,"depth":98,"text":35941,"children":35942},"dir() vs help()",[35943,35944],{"id":34602,"depth":120,"text":34541},{"id":32382,"depth":120,"text":35257},{"id":25587,"depth":98,"text":25588,"children":35946},[35947,35949,35950,35951],{"id":35546,"depth":120,"text":35948},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35567,"depth":120,"text":35568},{"id":35577,"depth":120,"text":35578},{"id":35607,"depth":120,"text":35608},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":35954},[35955,35957,35959,35961],{"id":35830,"depth":120,"text":35956},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35838,"depth":120,"text":35958},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35853,"depth":120,"text":35960},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35863,"depth":120,"text":35962},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34533,"description":35964},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35971,"title":35972,"body":35973,"description":37790,"extension":2219,"meta":37791,"navigation":123,"path":37792,"seo":37793,"stem":37794,"__hash__":37795},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35974,"toc":37759},[35975,35981,35986,35989,35997,36003,36005,36085,36087,36113,36118,36123,36128,36131,36142,36145,36147,36226,36228,36254,36261,36263,36265,36290,36293,36306,36311,36313,36394,36396,36422,36431,36436,36444,36450,36457,36460,36462,36541,36544,36601,36603,36640,36646,36651,36656,36659,36673,36675,36778,36780,36823,36832,36842,36847,36853,36860,36943,36945,36968,36971,36974,36976,36980,36984,36987,37050,37073,37076,37080,37086,37088,37155,37158,37235,37240,37246,37249,37252,37297,37299,37323,37328,37332,37337,37343,37406,37409,37411,37414,37439,37442,37577,37579,37680,37682,37687,37690,37696,37706,37714,37719,37725,37731,37733,37756],[10,35976,13,35978,18],{"id":35977},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35979,35980],{},"enumerate()",[20,35982,35983,35985],{},[15,35984,35980],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35987,35988],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[30,35990,35991,35994],{},[33,35992,35993],{},"the item itself",[33,35995,35996],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35998,35999,36000,36002],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,36001,35980],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[43,36004,46],{"id":45},[48,36006,36008],{"className":50,"code":36007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36009,36010,36042,36046,36069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36011,36012,36014,36016,36018,36020,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36013,13306],{"class":63},[57,36015,68],{"class":67},[57,36017,72],{"class":71},[57,36019,170],{"class":169},[57,36021,13323],{"class":173},[57,36023,170],{"class":169},[57,36025,79],{"class":71},[57,36027,181],{"class":169},[57,36029,17686],{"class":173},[57,36031,170],{"class":169},[57,36033,79],{"class":71},[57,36035,181],{"class":169},[57,36037,13340],{"class":173},[57,36039,170],{"class":169},[57,36041,95],{"class":71},[57,36043,36044],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36045,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,36047,36048,36050,36053,36055,36058,36060,36063,36065,36067],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36049,6189],{"class":1962},[57,36051,36052],{"class":63}," index",[57,36054,79],{"class":71},[57,36056,36057],{"class":63}," color ",[57,36059,1969],{"class":1962},[57,36061,36062],{"class":101}," enumerate",[57,36064,105],{"class":71},[57,36066,17733],{"class":113},[57,36068,8570],{"class":71},[57,36070,36071,36073,36075,36078,36080,36083],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,36072,8296],{"class":101},[57,36074,105],{"class":71},[57,36076,36077],{"class":113},"index",[57,36079,79],{"class":71},[57,36081,36082],{"class":113}," color",[57,36084,316],{"class":71},[20,36086,216],{},[48,36088,36090],{"className":50,"code":36089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36091,36092,36099,36106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36093,36094,36096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36095,1294],{"class":75},[57,36097,36098],{"class":63}," red\n",[57,36100,36101,36103],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36102,3231],{"class":75},[57,36104,36105],{"class":63}," green\n",[57,36107,36108,36110],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36109,1788],{"class":75},[57,36111,36112],{"class":63}," blue\n",[20,36114,1806,36115,36117],{},[15,36116,35980],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[43,36119,262,36121,265],{"id":36120},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36122,35980],{},[20,36124,36125,36127],{},[15,36126,35980],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36129,36130],{},"It is commonly used with:",[30,36132,36133,36135,36137,36139],{},[33,36134,5530],{},[33,36136,5533],{},[33,36138,5539],{},[33,36140,36141],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36143,36144],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36146,864],{},[48,36148,36150],{"className":50,"code":36149,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36151,36152,36186,36190,36211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36153,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36173,36175,36177,36179,36182,36184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36155,5228],{"class":63},[57,36157,68],{"class":67},[57,36159,72],{"class":71},[57,36161,170],{"class":169},[57,36163,13110],{"class":173},[57,36165,170],{"class":169},[57,36167,79],{"class":71},[57,36169,181],{"class":169},[57,36171,36172],{"class":173},"Ben",[57,36174,170],{"class":169},[57,36176,79],{"class":71},[57,36178,181],{"class":169},[57,36180,36181],{"class":173},"Cara",[57,36183,170],{"class":169},[57,36185,95],{"class":71},[57,36187,36188],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36189,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,36191,36192,36194,36196,36198,36201,36203,36205,36207,36209],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36193,6189],{"class":1962},[57,36195,36052],{"class":63},[57,36197,79],{"class":71},[57,36199,36200],{"class":63}," name ",[57,36202,1969],{"class":1962},[57,36204,36062],{"class":101},[57,36206,105],{"class":71},[57,36208,5272],{"class":113},[57,36210,8570],{"class":71},[57,36212,36213,36215,36217,36219,36221,36224],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,36214,8296],{"class":101},[57,36216,105],{"class":71},[57,36218,36077],{"class":113},[57,36220,79],{"class":71},[57,36222,36223],{"class":113}," name",[57,36225,316],{"class":71},[20,36227,216],{},[48,36229,36231],{"className":50,"code":36230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36232,36233,36240,36247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36234,36235,36237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36236,1294],{"class":75},[57,36238,36239],{"class":63}," Ana\n",[57,36241,36242,36244],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36243,3231],{"class":75},[57,36245,36246],{"class":63}," Ben\n",[57,36248,36249,36251],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36250,1788],{"class":75},[57,36252,36253],{"class":63}," Cara\n",[20,36255,36256,36257,620],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[614,36258,36260],{"href":36259},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[43,36262,294],{"id":293},[20,36264,2412],{},[48,36266,36268],{"className":50,"code":36267,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36269,36270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36271,36272,36275,36277,36279,36281,36284,36286,36288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36273,36274],{"class":101},"enumerate",[57,36276,105],{"class":71},[57,36278,313],{"class":113},[57,36280,79],{"class":71},[57,36282,36283],{"class":334}," start",[57,36285,68],{"class":67},[57,36287,1294],{"class":75},[57,36289,316],{"class":71},[20,36291,36292],{},"It has two parts:",[30,36294,36295,36300],{},[33,36296,36297,36299],{},[15,36298,313],{},": the object you want to loop through",[33,36301,36302,36305],{},[15,36303,36304],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36307,36308,36309,620],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36310,1294],{},[20,36312,864],{},[48,36314,36316],{"className":50,"code":36315,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36317,36318,36351,36355,36378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36319,36320,36323,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341,36343,36345,36347,36349],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36321,36322],{"class":63},"letters ",[57,36324,68],{"class":67},[57,36326,72],{"class":71},[57,36328,170],{"class":169},[57,36330,614],{"class":173},[57,36332,170],{"class":169},[57,36334,79],{"class":71},[57,36336,181],{"class":169},[57,36338,4993],{"class":173},[57,36340,170],{"class":169},[57,36342,79],{"class":71},[57,36344,181],{"class":169},[57,36346,9966],{"class":173},[57,36348,170],{"class":169},[57,36350,95],{"class":71},[57,36352,36353],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36354,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,36356,36357,36359,36362,36364,36367,36369,36371,36373,36376],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36358,6189],{"class":1962},[57,36360,36361],{"class":63}," i",[57,36363,79],{"class":71},[57,36365,36366],{"class":63}," letter ",[57,36368,1969],{"class":1962},[57,36370,36062],{"class":101},[57,36372,105],{"class":71},[57,36374,36375],{"class":113},"letters",[57,36377,8570],{"class":71},[57,36379,36380,36382,36384,36387,36389,36392],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,36381,8296],{"class":101},[57,36383,105],{"class":71},[57,36385,36386],{"class":113},"i",[57,36388,79],{"class":71},[57,36390,36391],{"class":113}," letter",[57,36393,316],{"class":71},[20,36395,216],{},[48,36397,36399],{"className":50,"code":36398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36400,36401,36408,36415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36402,36403,36405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36404,1294],{"class":75},[57,36406,36407],{"class":63}," a\n",[57,36409,36410,36412],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36411,3231],{"class":75},[57,36413,36414],{"class":63}," b\n",[57,36416,36417,36419],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36418,1788],{"class":75},[57,36420,36421],{"class":63}," c\n",[20,36423,36424,36425,620],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[614,36426,13,36428,2144],{"href":36427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36429,36430],{},"range()",[43,36432,262,36434,11934],{"id":36433},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36435,35980],{},[20,36437,36438,36440,36441,620],{},[15,36439,35980],{}," returns an ",[1399,36442,36443],{},"enumerate object",[20,36445,36446,36447,36449],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36448,6189],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[30,36451,36452],{},[33,36453,36454],{},[15,36455,36456],{},"(index, item)",[20,36458,36459],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36461,864],{},[48,36463,36465],{"className":50,"code":36464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36466,36467,36500,36504,36526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36468,36469,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36470,36471],{"class":63},"fruits ",[57,36473,68],{"class":67},[57,36475,72],{"class":71},[57,36477,170],{"class":169},[57,36479,174],{"class":173},[57,36481,170],{"class":169},[57,36483,79],{"class":71},[57,36485,181],{"class":169},[57,36487,184],{"class":173},[57,36489,170],{"class":169},[57,36491,79],{"class":71},[57,36493,181],{"class":169},[57,36495,33451],{"class":173},[57,36497,170],{"class":169},[57,36499,95],{"class":71},[57,36501,36502],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36503,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,36505,36506,36508,36510,36512,36515,36517,36519,36521,36524],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36507,6189],{"class":1962},[57,36509,36052],{"class":63},[57,36511,79],{"class":71},[57,36513,36514],{"class":63}," fruit ",[57,36516,1969],{"class":1962},[57,36518,36062],{"class":101},[57,36520,105],{"class":71},[57,36522,36523],{"class":113},"fruits",[57,36525,8570],{"class":71},[57,36527,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536,36539],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,36529,8296],{"class":101},[57,36531,105],{"class":71},[57,36533,36077],{"class":113},[57,36535,79],{"class":71},[57,36537,36538],{"class":113}," fruit",[57,36540,316],{"class":71},[20,36542,36543],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[48,36545,36547],{"className":50,"code":36546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36548,36549,36569,36573,36591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36550,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36552,64],{"class":63},[57,36554,68],{"class":67},[57,36556,72],{"class":71},[57,36558,1561],{"class":75},[57,36560,79],{"class":71},[57,36562,1617],{"class":75},[57,36564,79],{"class":71},[57,36566,1575],{"class":75},[57,36568,95],{"class":71},[57,36570,36571],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36572,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,36574,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587,36589],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36576,1336],{"class":63},[57,36578,68],{"class":67},[57,36580,22790],{"class":1102},[57,36582,105],{"class":71},[57,36584,36274],{"class":101},[57,36586,105],{"class":71},[57,36588,114],{"class":113},[57,36590,117],{"class":71},[57,36592,36593,36595,36597,36599],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,36594,102],{"class":101},[57,36596,105],{"class":71},[57,36598,1368],{"class":113},[57,36600,316],{"class":71},[20,36602,216],{},[48,36604,36606],{"className":50,"code":36605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36607,36608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36609,36610,36612,36614,36616,36618,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36611,21970],{"class":71},[57,36613,1294],{"class":75},[57,36615,79],{"class":71},[57,36617,6234],{"class":75},[57,36619,9460],{"class":71},[57,36621,9463],{"class":71},[57,36623,3231],{"class":75},[57,36625,79],{"class":71},[57,36627,1617],{"class":75},[57,36629,9460],{"class":71},[57,36631,9463],{"class":71},[57,36633,1788],{"class":75},[57,36635,79],{"class":71},[57,36637,1575],{"class":75},[57,36639,9476],{"class":71},[20,36641,36642,36643,36645],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36644,35980],{}," produces.",[43,36647,5194,36649],{"id":36648},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36650,35980],{},[20,36652,1806,36653,36655],{},[15,36654,35980],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36657,36658],{},"Common cases:",[30,36660,36661,36664,36667,36670],{},[33,36662,36663],{},"printing numbered output",[33,36665,36666],{},"building menus",[33,36668,36669],{},"showing positions in a list",[33,36671,36672],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36674,864],{},[48,36676,36678],{"className":50,"code":36677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36679,36680,36715,36719,36749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36681,36682,36684,36686,36688,36690,36693,36695,36697,36699,36702,36704,36706,36708,36711,36713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36683,30127],{"class":63},[57,36685,68],{"class":67},[57,36687,72],{"class":71},[57,36689,170],{"class":169},[57,36691,36692],{"class":173},"Wash dishes",[57,36694,170],{"class":169},[57,36696,79],{"class":71},[57,36698,181],{"class":169},[57,36700,36701],{"class":173},"Study Python",[57,36703,170],{"class":169},[57,36705,79],{"class":71},[57,36707,181],{"class":169},[57,36709,36710],{"class":173},"Go for a walk",[57,36712,170],{"class":169},[57,36714,95],{"class":71},[57,36716,36717],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36718,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,36720,36721,36723,36725,36727,36730,36732,36734,36736,36739,36741,36743,36745,36747],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36722,6189],{"class":1962},[57,36724,2449],{"class":63},[57,36726,79],{"class":71},[57,36728,36729],{"class":63}," task ",[57,36731,1969],{"class":1962},[57,36733,36062],{"class":101},[57,36735,105],{"class":71},[57,36737,36738],{"class":113},"tasks",[57,36740,79],{"class":71},[57,36742,36283],{"class":334},[57,36744,68],{"class":67},[57,36746,3231],{"class":75},[57,36748,8570],{"class":71},[57,36750,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36772,36774,36776],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,36752,8296],{"class":101},[57,36754,105],{"class":71},[57,36756,22524],{"class":1208},[57,36758,170],{"class":173},[57,36760,9505],{"class":75},[57,36762,2490],{"class":113},[57,36764,22533],{"class":75},[57,36766,28544],{"class":173},[57,36768,9505],{"class":75},[57,36770,36771],{"class":113},"task",[57,36773,22533],{"class":75},[57,36775,170],{"class":173},[57,36777,316],{"class":71},[20,36779,216],{},[48,36781,36783],{"className":50,"code":36782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36784,36785,36797,36809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36786,36787,36789,36791,36794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36788,3231],{"class":75},[57,36790,620],{"class":71},[57,36792,36793],{"class":1108}," Wash",[57,36795,36796],{"class":63}," dishes\n",[57,36798,36799,36801,36803,36806],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36800,1788],{"class":75},[57,36802,620],{"class":71},[57,36804,36805],{"class":1108}," Study",[57,36807,36808],{"class":63}," Python\n",[57,36810,36811,36813,36815,36818,36820],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36812,76],{"class":75},[57,36814,620],{"class":71},[57,36816,36817],{"class":1108}," Go",[57,36819,1963],{"class":1962},[57,36821,36822],{"class":63}," a walk\n",[20,36824,36825,36826,36828,36829,620],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36827,35980],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36830,36831],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36833,36834,36835,620],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[614,36836,36838,36839,36841],{"href":36837},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36840,35980],{}," in Python",[43,36843,929,36845,932],{"id":36844},"using-the-start-argument",[15,36846,36304],{},[20,36848,36849,36850,36852],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36851,36304],{}," argument.",[20,36854,36855,36856,11320,36858,270],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36857,3231],{},[15,36859,1294],{},[48,36861,36863],{"className":50,"code":36862,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36864,36865,36897,36901,36929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36866,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889,36891,36893,36895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36868,13306],{"class":63},[57,36870,68],{"class":67},[57,36872,72],{"class":71},[57,36874,170],{"class":169},[57,36876,13323],{"class":173},[57,36878,170],{"class":169},[57,36880,79],{"class":71},[57,36882,181],{"class":169},[57,36884,17686],{"class":173},[57,36886,170],{"class":169},[57,36888,79],{"class":71},[57,36890,181],{"class":169},[57,36892,13340],{"class":173},[57,36894,170],{"class":169},[57,36896,95],{"class":71},[57,36898,36899],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36900,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,36902,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917,36919,36921,36923,36925,36927],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36904,6189],{"class":1962},[57,36906,36052],{"class":63},[57,36908,79],{"class":71},[57,36910,36057],{"class":63},[57,36912,1969],{"class":1962},[57,36914,36062],{"class":101},[57,36916,105],{"class":71},[57,36918,17733],{"class":113},[57,36920,79],{"class":71},[57,36922,36283],{"class":334},[57,36924,68],{"class":67},[57,36926,3231],{"class":75},[57,36928,8570],{"class":71},[57,36930,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,36932,8296],{"class":101},[57,36934,105],{"class":71},[57,36936,36077],{"class":113},[57,36938,79],{"class":71},[57,36940,36082],{"class":113},[57,36942,316],{"class":71},[20,36944,216],{},[48,36946,36948],{"className":50,"code":36947,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36949,36950,36956,36962],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36951,36952,36954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36953,3231],{"class":75},[57,36955,36098],{"class":63},[57,36957,36958,36960],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,36959,1788],{"class":75},[57,36961,36105],{"class":63},[57,36963,36964,36966],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,36965,76],{"class":75},[57,36967,36112],{"class":63},[20,36969,36970],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36972,36973],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[43,36975,25588],{"id":25587},[20,36977,25591,36978,620],{},[15,36979,35980],{},[943,36981,36983],{"id":36982},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36985,36986],{},"In this loop:",[48,36988,36990],{"className":50,"code":36989,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36991,36992,37012,37016,37036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,36993,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,36995,64],{"class":63},[57,36997,68],{"class":67},[57,36999,72],{"class":71},[57,37001,1561],{"class":75},[57,37003,79],{"class":71},[57,37005,1617],{"class":75},[57,37007,79],{"class":71},[57,37009,1575],{"class":75},[57,37011,95],{"class":71},[57,37013,37014],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37015,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,37017,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37019,6189],{"class":1962},[57,37021,36052],{"class":63},[57,37023,79],{"class":71},[57,37025,21814],{"class":63},[57,37027,1969],{"class":1962},[57,37029,36062],{"class":101},[57,37031,105],{"class":71},[57,37033,114],{"class":113},[57,37035,8570],{"class":71},[57,37037,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,37039,8296],{"class":101},[57,37041,105],{"class":71},[57,37043,36077],{"class":113},[57,37045,79],{"class":71},[57,37047,8661],{"class":113},[57,37049,316],{"class":71},[30,37051,37052,37062],{},[33,37053,37054,5016,37056,2441,37058,2441,37060],{},[15,37055,36077],{},[15,37057,1294],{},[15,37059,3231],{},[15,37061,1788],{},[33,37063,37064,5016,37066,2441,37068,2441,37070],{},[15,37065,364],{},[15,37067,1561],{},[15,37069,1568],{},[15,37071,37072],{},"30",[20,37074,37075],{},"These are different things.",[943,37077,37079],{"id":37078},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37081,37082,37083,37085],{},"Each item from ",[15,37084,35980],{}," is a pair.",[20,37087,6918],{},[48,37089,37091],{"className":50,"code":37090,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37092,37093,37117,37121,37141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37094,37095,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37096,1147],{"class":63},[57,37098,68],{"class":67},[57,37100,72],{"class":71},[57,37102,170],{"class":169},[57,37104,1956],{"class":173},[57,37106,170],{"class":169},[57,37108,79],{"class":71},[57,37110,181],{"class":169},[57,37112,11974],{"class":173},[57,37114,170],{"class":169},[57,37116,95],{"class":71},[57,37118,37119],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37120,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,37122,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37124,6189],{"class":1962},[57,37126,36361],{"class":63},[57,37128,79],{"class":71},[57,37130,6192],{"class":63},[57,37132,1969],{"class":1962},[57,37134,36062],{"class":101},[57,37136,105],{"class":71},[57,37138,1199],{"class":113},[57,37140,8570],{"class":71},[57,37142,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,37144,8296],{"class":101},[57,37146,105],{"class":71},[57,37148,36386],{"class":113},[57,37150,79],{"class":71},[57,37152,29738],{"class":113},[57,37154,316],{"class":71},[20,37156,37157],{},"But this causes an error:",[48,37159,37161],{"className":50,"code":37160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37162,37163,37187,37191,37216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37164,37165,37167,37169,37171,37173,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37166,1147],{"class":63},[57,37168,68],{"class":67},[57,37170,72],{"class":71},[57,37172,170],{"class":169},[57,37174,1956],{"class":173},[57,37176,170],{"class":169},[57,37178,79],{"class":71},[57,37180,181],{"class":169},[57,37182,11974],{"class":173},[57,37184,170],{"class":169},[57,37186,95],{"class":71},[57,37188,37189],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37190,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,37192,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201,37203,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37194,6189],{"class":1962},[57,37196,36361],{"class":63},[57,37198,79],{"class":71},[57,37200,29738],{"class":63},[57,37202,79],{"class":71},[57,37204,37205],{"class":63}," extra ",[57,37207,1969],{"class":1962},[57,37209,36062],{"class":101},[57,37211,105],{"class":71},[57,37213,1199],{"class":113},[57,37215,8570],{"class":71},[57,37217,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37233],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,37219,8296],{"class":101},[57,37221,105],{"class":71},[57,37223,36386],{"class":113},[57,37225,79],{"class":71},[57,37227,29738],{"class":113},[57,37229,79],{"class":71},[57,37231,37232],{"class":113}," extra",[57,37234,316],{"class":71},[20,37236,29292,37237,37239],{},[15,37238,35980],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[943,37241,37243,37245],{"id":37242},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37244,35980],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37247,37248],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37250,37251],{},"Example with a string:",[48,37253,37255],{"className":50,"code":37254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37256,37257,37282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37258,37259,37261,37263,37265,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37280],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37260,6189],{"class":1962},[57,37262,36052],{"class":63},[57,37264,79],{"class":71},[57,37266,37267],{"class":63}," char ",[57,37269,1969],{"class":1962},[57,37271,36062],{"class":101},[57,37273,105],{"class":71},[57,37275,170],{"class":169},[57,37277,964],{"class":173},[57,37279,170],{"class":169},[57,37281,8570],{"class":71},[57,37283,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37295],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37285,8296],{"class":101},[57,37287,105],{"class":71},[57,37289,36077],{"class":113},[57,37291,79],{"class":71},[57,37293,37294],{"class":113}," char",[57,37296,316],{"class":71},[20,37298,216],{},[48,37300,37302],{"className":50,"code":37301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37303,37304,37310,37316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37305,37306,37308],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37307,1294],{"class":75},[57,37309,36421],{"class":63},[57,37311,37312,37314],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37313,3231],{"class":75},[57,37315,36407],{"class":63},[57,37317,37318,37320],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37319,1788],{"class":75},[57,37321,37322],{"class":63}," t\n",[20,37324,37325,37326,620],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[614,37327,5369],{"href":5818},[943,37329,37331],{"id":37330},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37333,37334,37335,620],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37336,35980],{},[20,37338,37339,37340,37342],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37341,6189],{}," loop:",[48,37344,37346],{"className":50,"code":37345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37347,37348,37380,37384,37396],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37349,37350,37352,37354,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37351,13306],{"class":63},[57,37353,68],{"class":67},[57,37355,72],{"class":71},[57,37357,170],{"class":169},[57,37359,13323],{"class":173},[57,37361,170],{"class":169},[57,37363,79],{"class":71},[57,37365,181],{"class":169},[57,37367,17686],{"class":173},[57,37369,170],{"class":169},[57,37371,79],{"class":71},[57,37373,181],{"class":169},[57,37375,13340],{"class":173},[57,37377,170],{"class":169},[57,37379,95],{"class":71},[57,37381,37382],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37383,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,37385,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37387,6189],{"class":1962},[57,37389,36057],{"class":63},[57,37391,1969],{"class":1962},[57,37393,13354],{"class":63},[57,37395,6623],{"class":71},[57,37397,37398,37400,37402,37404],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,37399,8296],{"class":101},[57,37401,105],{"class":71},[57,37403,33121],{"class":113},[57,37405,316],{"class":71},[20,37407,37408],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[43,37410,1829],{"id":1828},[20,37412,37413],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[30,37415,37416,37421,37427,37432],{},[33,37417,23331,37418,37420],{},[15,37419,35980],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[33,37422,37423,37424,37426],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37425,1294],{}," by default",[33,37428,443,37429,37431],{},[15,37430,35980],{}," when only values are needed",[33,37433,37434,37435,8932,37437],{},"Confusing ",[15,37436,35980],{},[15,37438,36430],{},[20,37440,37441],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[48,37443,37445],{"className":50,"code":37444,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37446,37447,37469,37496,37530,37563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37448,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37450,102],{"class":101},[57,37452,105],{"class":71},[57,37454,36274],{"class":101},[57,37456,1949],{"class":71},[57,37458,1561],{"class":75},[57,37460,79],{"class":71},[57,37462,1617],{"class":75},[57,37464,79],{"class":71},[57,37466,1575],{"class":75},[57,37468,3242],{"class":71},[57,37470,37471,37473,37475,37477,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489,37491,37493],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37472,102],{"class":101},[57,37474,105],{"class":71},[57,37476,8321],{"class":1102},[57,37478,105],{"class":71},[57,37480,36274],{"class":101},[57,37482,1949],{"class":71},[57,37484,1561],{"class":75},[57,37486,79],{"class":71},[57,37488,1617],{"class":75},[57,37490,79],{"class":71},[57,37492,1575],{"class":75},[57,37494,37495],{"class":71},"])))\n",[57,37497,37498,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37499,102],{"class":101},[57,37501,105],{"class":71},[57,37503,8321],{"class":1102},[57,37505,105],{"class":71},[57,37507,36274],{"class":101},[57,37509,1949],{"class":71},[57,37511,1561],{"class":75},[57,37513,79],{"class":71},[57,37515,1617],{"class":75},[57,37517,79],{"class":71},[57,37519,1575],{"class":75},[57,37521,18293],{"class":71},[57,37523,36283],{"class":334},[57,37525,68],{"class":67},[57,37527,3231],{"class":75},[57,37529,1225],{"class":71},[57,37531,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,37533,6189],{"class":1962},[57,37535,36361],{"class":63},[57,37537,79],{"class":71},[57,37539,21814],{"class":63},[57,37541,1969],{"class":1962},[57,37543,36062],{"class":101},[57,37545,1949],{"class":71},[57,37547,3543],{"class":169},[57,37549,614],{"class":173},[57,37551,3543],{"class":169},[57,37553,79],{"class":71},[57,37555,3538],{"class":169},[57,37557,4993],{"class":173},[57,37559,3543],{"class":169},[57,37561,37562],{"class":71},"]):\n",[57,37564,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,37566,8296],{"class":101},[57,37568,105],{"class":71},[57,37570,36386],{"class":113},[57,37572,79],{"class":71},[57,37574,8661],{"class":113},[57,37576,316],{"class":71},[20,37578,17188],{},[48,37580,37582],{"className":50,"code":37581,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37583,37584,37604,37636,37668,37674],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37585,37586,37588,37590,37592,37595,37599,37602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37587,3532],{"class":67},[57,37589,36274],{"class":101},[57,37591,24848],{"class":1102},[57,37593,37594],{"class":63}," at ",[57,37596,37598],{"class":37597},"srjyR","0x",[57,37600,37601],{"class":34683},"...",[57,37603,3546],{"class":67},[57,37605,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628,37630,37632,37634],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37607,21970],{"class":71},[57,37609,1294],{"class":75},[57,37611,79],{"class":71},[57,37613,6234],{"class":75},[57,37615,9460],{"class":71},[57,37617,9463],{"class":71},[57,37619,3231],{"class":75},[57,37621,79],{"class":71},[57,37623,1617],{"class":75},[57,37625,9460],{"class":71},[57,37627,9463],{"class":71},[57,37629,1788],{"class":75},[57,37631,79],{"class":71},[57,37633,1575],{"class":75},[57,37635,9476],{"class":71},[57,37637,37638,37640,37642,37644,37646,37648,37650,37652,37654,37656,37658,37660,37662,37664,37666],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37639,21970],{"class":71},[57,37641,3231],{"class":75},[57,37643,79],{"class":71},[57,37645,6234],{"class":75},[57,37647,9460],{"class":71},[57,37649,9463],{"class":71},[57,37651,1788],{"class":75},[57,37653,79],{"class":71},[57,37655,1617],{"class":75},[57,37657,9460],{"class":71},[57,37659,9463],{"class":71},[57,37661,76],{"class":75},[57,37663,79],{"class":71},[57,37665,1575],{"class":75},[57,37667,9476],{"class":71},[57,37669,37670,37672],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,37671,1294],{"class":75},[57,37673,36407],{"class":63},[57,37675,37676,37678],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,37677,3231],{"class":75},[57,37679,36414],{"class":63},[43,37681,2011],{"id":2010},[943,37683,2015,37685,2018],{"id":37684},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37686,35980],{},[20,37688,37689],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[943,37691,12933,37693,37695],{"id":37692},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37694,35980],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37697,37698,37699,37701,37702,37705],{},"It starts at ",[15,37700,1294],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37703,37704],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[943,37707,21651,37709,11320,37711,2053],{"id":37708},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37710,35980],{},[15,37712,37713],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37715,36825,37716,37718],{},[15,37717,35980],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[943,37720,2025,37722,37724],{"id":37721},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37723,35980],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37726,37727,37728,37730],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37729,35980],{}," can return each character with its index.",[43,37732,2135],{"id":2134},[30,37734,37735,37739,37745,37752],{},[33,37736,37737],{},[614,37738,36260],{"href":36259},[33,37740,37741],{},[614,37742,13,37743,2144],{"href":36427},[15,37744,36430],{},[33,37746,37747],{},[614,37748,37749,37750,36841],{"href":36837},"How to use ",[15,37751,35980],{},[33,37753,37754],{},[614,37755,5446],{"href":5818},[2172,37757,37758],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":37760},[37761,37762,37764,37765,37767,37769,37771,37778,37779,37789],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":36120,"depth":98,"text":37763},"What enumerate() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":36433,"depth":98,"text":37766},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36648,"depth":98,"text":37768},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36844,"depth":98,"text":37770},"Using the start argument",{"id":25587,"depth":98,"text":25588,"children":37772},[37773,37774,37775,37777],{"id":36982,"depth":120,"text":36983},{"id":37078,"depth":120,"text":37079},{"id":37242,"depth":120,"text":37776},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37330,"depth":120,"text":37331},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":37780},[37781,37783,37785,37787],{"id":37684,"depth":120,"text":37782},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37692,"depth":120,"text":37784},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37708,"depth":120,"text":37786},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37721,"depth":120,"text":37788},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35972,"description":37790},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37797,"title":37798,"body":37799,"description":40312,"extension":2219,"meta":40313,"navigation":123,"path":40314,"seo":40315,"stem":40316,"__hash__":40317},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37800,"toc":40269},[37801,37807,37812,37815,37823,37837,37839,37928,37936,37941,37946,37948,37964,37966,38045,38047,38064,38070,38074,38076,38097,38101,38104,38116,38120,38123,38126,38143,38146,38222,38224,38241,38246,38250,38258,38261,38276,38278,38367,38369,38414,38417,38421,38424,38503,38505,38527,38530,38537,38542,38545,38647,38649,38674,38677,38684,38690,38695,38698,38709,38815,38817,38838,38846,38853,38859,38878,38883,38886,38905,38907,38992,38994,39023,39026,39031,39036,39039,39050,39052,39141,39143,39163,39169,39275,39277,39297,39300,39384,39386,39406,39413,39415,39419,39425,39428,39485,39488,39491,39552,39561,39564,39567,39595,39598,39658,39660,39677,39681,39684,39762,39764,39784,39787,39862,39866,39869,39871,39880,39885,39887,39938,39946,39958,39963,40024,40026,40043,40047,40110,40112,40137,40145,40147,40153,40159,40166,40174,40180,40183,40190,40200,40206,40212,40215,40232,40238,40240,40266],[10,37802,13,37804,18],{"id":37803},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37805,37806],{},"filter()",[20,37808,37809,37811],{},[15,37810,37806],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37813,37814],{},"It takes:",[30,37816,37817,37820],{},[33,37818,37819],{},"a function that checks each item",[33,37821,37822],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37824,37825,37826,37829,37830,37833,37834,37836],{},"The result is ",[1399,37827,37828],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37831,37832],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37835,25011],{}," to see the values.",[43,37838,46],{"id":45},[48,37840,37842],{"className":50,"code":37841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37843,37844,37877,37911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37845,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37847,64],{"class":63},[57,37849,68],{"class":67},[57,37851,72],{"class":71},[57,37853,3231],{"class":75},[57,37855,79],{"class":71},[57,37857,87],{"class":75},[57,37859,79],{"class":71},[57,37861,1793],{"class":75},[57,37863,79],{"class":71},[57,37865,2706],{"class":75},[57,37867,79],{"class":71},[57,37869,92],{"class":75},[57,37871,79],{"class":71},[57,37873,37874],{"class":75}," 6",[57,37876,95],{"class":71},[57,37878,37879,37881,37883,37886,37888,37890,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903,37905,37907,37909],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,37880,1336],{"class":63},[57,37882,68],{"class":67},[57,37884,37885],{"class":101}," filter",[57,37887,105],{"class":71},[57,37889,1137],{"class":1208},[57,37891,37892],{"class":1211}," x",[57,37894,270],{"class":71},[57,37896,1966],{"class":113},[57,37898,6633],{"class":67},[57,37900,87],{"class":75},[57,37902,6638],{"class":67},[57,37904,4072],{"class":75},[57,37906,79],{"class":71},[57,37908,4495],{"class":113},[57,37910,316],{"class":71},[57,37912,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,37914,102],{"class":101},[57,37916,105],{"class":71},[57,37918,8321],{"class":1102},[57,37920,105],{"class":71},[57,37922,1368],{"class":113},[57,37924,5592],{"class":71},[57,37926,37927],{"class":3903},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37929,37930,37932,37933,37935],{},[15,37931,37806],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37934,25011],{}," to see the results.",[43,37937,262,37939,265],{"id":37938},"what-filter-does",[15,37940,37806],{},[20,37942,37943,37945],{},[15,37944,37806],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37947,2360],{},[30,37949,37950,37953,37959],{},[33,37951,37952],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[33,37954,37955,37956,37958],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37957,3845],{},", the item is kept",[33,37960,37955,37961,37963],{},[15,37962,3914],{},", the item is removed",[20,37965,864],{},[48,37967,37969],{"className":50,"code":37968,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37970,37971,37999,38003,38031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,37972,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,37974,64],{"class":63},[57,37976,68],{"class":67},[57,37978,72],{"class":71},[57,37980,3231],{"class":75},[57,37982,79],{"class":71},[57,37984,87],{"class":75},[57,37986,79],{"class":71},[57,37988,1793],{"class":75},[57,37990,79],{"class":71},[57,37992,2706],{"class":75},[57,37994,79],{"class":71},[57,37996,92],{"class":75},[57,37998,95],{"class":71},[57,38000,38001],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38002,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38004,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027,38029],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38006,1336],{"class":63},[57,38008,68],{"class":67},[57,38010,37885],{"class":101},[57,38012,105],{"class":71},[57,38014,1137],{"class":1208},[57,38016,37892],{"class":1211},[57,38018,270],{"class":71},[57,38020,1966],{"class":113},[57,38022,4484],{"class":67},[57,38024,1793],{"class":75},[57,38026,79],{"class":71},[57,38028,4495],{"class":113},[57,38030,316],{"class":71},[57,38032,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041,38043],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,38034,102],{"class":101},[57,38036,105],{"class":71},[57,38038,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38040,105],{"class":71},[57,38042,1368],{"class":113},[57,38044,117],{"class":71},[20,38046,216],{},[48,38048,38050],{"className":50,"code":38049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[4, 5]\n",[15,38051,38052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38053,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38055,1785],{"class":71},[57,38057,647],{"class":75},[57,38059,79],{"class":71},[57,38061,92],{"class":75},[57,38063,95],{"class":71},[20,38065,38066,38067,38069],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38068,76],{}," are kept.",[43,38071,38073],{"id":38072},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38075,2412],{},[48,38077,38079],{"className":50,"code":38078,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38080,38081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38082,38083,38085,38087,38090,38092,38095],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38084,37832],{"class":101},[57,38086,105],{"class":71},[57,38088,38089],{"class":113},"function",[57,38091,79],{"class":71},[57,38093,38094],{"class":113}," iterable",[57,38096,316],{"class":71},[943,38098,38099],{"id":38089},[15,38100,38089],{},[20,38102,38103],{},"This is the test function.",[30,38105,38106,38109],{},[33,38107,38108],{},"It receives one item at a time",[33,38110,38111,38112,3122,38114],{},"It should return ",[15,38113,3845],{},[15,38115,3914],{},[943,38117,38118],{"id":313},[15,38119,313],{},[20,38121,38122],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38124,38125],{},"It can be:",[30,38127,38128,38131,38134,38137,38140],{},[33,38129,38130],{},"a list",[33,38132,38133],{},"a tuple",[33,38135,38136],{},"a string",[33,38138,38139],{},"a set",[33,38141,38142],{},"another iterable object",[20,38144,38145],{},"Example with a tuple:",[48,38147,38149],{"className":50,"code":38148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38150,38151,38176,38180,38208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38152,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38166,38168,38170,38172,38174],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38154,64],{"class":63},[57,38156,68],{"class":67},[57,38158,9463],{"class":71},[57,38160,1561],{"class":75},[57,38162,79],{"class":71},[57,38164,38165],{"class":75}," 15",[57,38167,79],{"class":71},[57,38169,1617],{"class":75},[57,38171,79],{"class":71},[57,38173,9533],{"class":75},[57,38175,316],{"class":71},[57,38177,38178],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38179,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38181,38182,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38183,1336],{"class":63},[57,38185,68],{"class":67},[57,38187,37885],{"class":101},[57,38189,105],{"class":71},[57,38191,1137],{"class":1208},[57,38193,37892],{"class":1211},[57,38195,270],{"class":71},[57,38197,1966],{"class":113},[57,38199,5331],{"class":67},[57,38201,1617],{"class":75},[57,38203,79],{"class":71},[57,38205,4495],{"class":113},[57,38207,316],{"class":71},[57,38209,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,38211,102],{"class":101},[57,38213,105],{"class":71},[57,38215,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38217,105],{"class":71},[57,38219,1368],{"class":113},[57,38221,117],{"class":71},[20,38223,216],{},[48,38225,38227],{"className":50,"code":38226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38228,38229],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38230,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38232,1785],{"class":71},[57,38234,1568],{"class":75},[57,38236,79],{"class":71},[57,38238,9533],{"class":75},[57,38240,95],{"class":71},[20,38242,38243,38244,620],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[614,38245,5369],{"href":5818},[43,38247,38249],{"id":38248},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38251,38252,38253,22205,38255,620],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38254,37806],{},[1399,38256,38257],{},"filter object",[20,38259,38260],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[30,38262,38263,38266,38271],{},[33,38264,38265],{},"loop through it",[33,38267,38268,38269],{},"convert it with ",[15,38270,25011],{},[33,38272,38268,38273],{},[15,38274,38275],{},"tuple()",[20,38277,864],{},[48,38279,38281],{"className":50,"code":38280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38282,38283,38325,38329,38339,38353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38284,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38286,1336],{"class":63},[57,38288,68],{"class":67},[57,38290,37885],{"class":101},[57,38292,105],{"class":71},[57,38294,1137],{"class":1208},[57,38296,37892],{"class":1211},[57,38298,270],{"class":71},[57,38300,1966],{"class":113},[57,38302,4484],{"class":67},[57,38304,87],{"class":75},[57,38306,79],{"class":71},[57,38308,72],{"class":71},[57,38310,3231],{"class":75},[57,38312,79],{"class":71},[57,38314,87],{"class":75},[57,38316,79],{"class":71},[57,38318,1793],{"class":75},[57,38320,79],{"class":71},[57,38322,2706],{"class":75},[57,38324,1975],{"class":71},[57,38326,38327],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38328,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38330,38331,38333,38335,38337],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38332,102],{"class":101},[57,38334,105],{"class":71},[57,38336,1368],{"class":113},[57,38338,316],{"class":71},[57,38340,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,38342,102],{"class":101},[57,38344,105],{"class":71},[57,38346,1886],{"class":1102},[57,38348,105],{"class":71},[57,38350,1368],{"class":113},[57,38352,117],{"class":71},[57,38354,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,38356,102],{"class":101},[57,38358,105],{"class":71},[57,38360,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38362,105],{"class":71},[57,38364,1368],{"class":113},[57,38366,117],{"class":71},[20,38368,216],{},[48,38370,38372],{"className":50,"code":38371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38373,38374,38388,38402],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38375,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38377,3532],{"class":67},[57,38379,37832],{"class":101},[57,38381,24848],{"class":1102},[57,38383,37594],{"class":63},[57,38385,37601],{"class":34683},[57,38387,3546],{"class":67},[57,38389,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38391,3532],{"class":67},[57,38393,3535],{"class":1208},[57,38395,3538],{"class":169},[57,38397,37832],{"class":173},[57,38399,3543],{"class":169},[57,38401,3546],{"class":67},[57,38403,38404,38406,38408,38410,38412],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38405,1785],{"class":71},[57,38407,76],{"class":75},[57,38409,79],{"class":71},[57,38411,2706],{"class":75},[57,38413,95],{"class":71},[20,38415,38416],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[943,38418,38420],{"id":38419},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38422,38423],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[48,38425,38427],{"className":50,"code":38426,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38428,38429,38471,38475,38489],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38430,38431,38433,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38432,1336],{"class":63},[57,38434,68],{"class":67},[57,38436,37885],{"class":101},[57,38438,105],{"class":71},[57,38440,1137],{"class":1208},[57,38442,37892],{"class":1211},[57,38444,270],{"class":71},[57,38446,1966],{"class":113},[57,38448,4484],{"class":67},[57,38450,87],{"class":75},[57,38452,79],{"class":71},[57,38454,72],{"class":71},[57,38456,3231],{"class":75},[57,38458,79],{"class":71},[57,38460,87],{"class":75},[57,38462,79],{"class":71},[57,38464,1793],{"class":75},[57,38466,79],{"class":71},[57,38468,2706],{"class":75},[57,38470,1975],{"class":71},[57,38472,38473],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38474,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38476,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38478,102],{"class":101},[57,38480,105],{"class":71},[57,38482,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38484,105],{"class":71},[57,38486,1368],{"class":113},[57,38488,117],{"class":71},[57,38490,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,38492,102],{"class":101},[57,38494,105],{"class":71},[57,38496,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38498,105],{"class":71},[57,38500,1368],{"class":113},[57,38502,117],{"class":71},[20,38504,216],{},[48,38506,38508],{"className":50,"code":38507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38509,38510,38522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38511,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38513,1785],{"class":71},[57,38515,76],{"class":75},[57,38517,79],{"class":71},[57,38519,2706],{"class":75},[57,38521,95],{"class":71},[57,38523,38524],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38525,38526],{"class":71},"[]\n",[20,38528,38529],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[43,38531,443,38533,8932,38535],{"id":38532},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38534,37806],{},[15,38536,1137],{},[20,38538,15419,38539,38541],{},[15,38540,1137],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38543,38544],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[48,38546,38548],{"className":50,"code":38547,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38549,38550,38592,38596,38633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38551,38552,38554,38556,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581,38583,38585,38588,38590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38553,162],{"class":63},[57,38555,68],{"class":67},[57,38557,72],{"class":71},[57,38559,170],{"class":169},[57,38561,174],{"class":173},[57,38563,170],{"class":169},[57,38565,79],{"class":71},[57,38567,181],{"class":169},[57,38569,38570],{"class":173},"kiwi",[57,38572,170],{"class":169},[57,38574,79],{"class":71},[57,38576,181],{"class":169},[57,38578,184],{"class":173},[57,38580,170],{"class":169},[57,38582,79],{"class":71},[57,38584,181],{"class":169},[57,38586,38587],{"class":173},"fig",[57,38589,170],{"class":169},[57,38591,95],{"class":71},[57,38593,38594],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38595,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38597,38598,38600,38602,38604,38606,38608,38611,38613,38615,38617,38620,38622,38625,38627,38629,38631],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38599,1336],{"class":63},[57,38601,68],{"class":67},[57,38603,37885],{"class":101},[57,38605,105],{"class":71},[57,38607,1137],{"class":1208},[57,38609,38610],{"class":1211}," word",[57,38612,270],{"class":71},[57,38614,1217],{"class":101},[57,38616,105],{"class":71},[57,38618,38619],{"class":113},"word",[57,38621,1959],{"class":71},[57,38623,38624],{"class":67}," >",[57,38626,2706],{"class":75},[57,38628,79],{"class":71},[57,38630,6398],{"class":113},[57,38632,316],{"class":71},[57,38634,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,38636,102],{"class":101},[57,38638,105],{"class":71},[57,38640,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38642,105],{"class":71},[57,38644,1368],{"class":113},[57,38646,117],{"class":71},[20,38648,216],{},[48,38650,38652],{"className":50,"code":38651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38653,38654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38655,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38657,1785],{"class":71},[57,38659,3543],{"class":169},[57,38661,174],{"class":173},[57,38663,3543],{"class":169},[57,38665,79],{"class":71},[57,38667,3538],{"class":169},[57,38669,184],{"class":173},[57,38671,3543],{"class":169},[57,38673,95],{"class":71},[20,38675,38676],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38678,38679,38680,620],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[614,38681,38683],{"href":38682},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[43,38685,443,38687,38689],{"id":38686},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38688,37806],{}," with a named function",[20,38691,38692,38693,620],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38694,1137],{},[20,38696,38697],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[30,38699,38700,38703,38706],{},[33,38701,38702],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[33,38704,38705],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[33,38707,38708],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[48,38710,38712],{"className":50,"code":38711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38713,38714,38727,38742,38746,38778,38797,38801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38715,38716,38718,38721,38723,38725],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38717,35081],{"class":1208},[57,38719,38720],{"class":35084}," is_even",[57,38722,105],{"class":71},[57,38724,2490],{"class":1211},[57,38726,8570],{"class":71},[57,38728,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38730,35092],{"class":1962},[57,38732,6616],{"class":63},[57,38734,6633],{"class":67},[57,38736,87],{"class":75},[57,38738,6638],{"class":67},[57,38740,38741],{"class":75}," 0\n",[57,38743,38744],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38745,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38747,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,38749,64],{"class":63},[57,38751,68],{"class":67},[57,38753,72],{"class":71},[57,38755,3231],{"class":75},[57,38757,79],{"class":71},[57,38759,87],{"class":75},[57,38761,79],{"class":71},[57,38763,1793],{"class":75},[57,38765,79],{"class":71},[57,38767,2706],{"class":75},[57,38769,79],{"class":71},[57,38771,92],{"class":75},[57,38773,79],{"class":71},[57,38775,37874],{"class":75},[57,38777,95],{"class":71},[57,38779,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38791,38793,38795],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,38781,1336],{"class":63},[57,38783,68],{"class":67},[57,38785,37885],{"class":101},[57,38787,105],{"class":71},[57,38789,38790],{"class":113},"is_even",[57,38792,79],{"class":71},[57,38794,4495],{"class":113},[57,38796,316],{"class":71},[57,38798,38799],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,38800,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38802,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,38804,102],{"class":101},[57,38806,105],{"class":71},[57,38808,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38810,105],{"class":71},[57,38812,1368],{"class":113},[57,38814,117],{"class":71},[20,38816,216],{},[48,38818,38820],{"className":50,"code":38819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38821,38822],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38823,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38825,1785],{"class":71},[57,38827,1788],{"class":75},[57,38829,79],{"class":71},[57,38831,2706],{"class":75},[57,38833,79],{"class":71},[57,38835,37874],{"class":75},[57,38837,95],{"class":71},[20,38839,1023,38840,2646,38843,38845],{},[15,38841,38842],{},"is_even()",[15,38844,3845],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[43,38847,443,38849,8932,38851],{"id":38848},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38850,1524],{},[15,38852,37806],{},[20,38854,38855,38856,38858],{},"You can pass ",[15,38857,1524],{}," as the first argument:",[48,38860,38862],{"className":50,"code":38861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38863,38864],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38865,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38867,37832],{"class":101},[57,38869,105],{"class":71},[57,38871,1524],{"class":1523},[57,38873,79],{"class":71},[57,38875,38094],{"class":113},[57,38877,316],{"class":71},[20,38879,38880,38881,7570],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[1399,38882,5828],{},[20,38884,38885],{},"Falsy values include:",[30,38887,38888,38892,38897,38901],{},[33,38889,38890],{},[15,38891,1294],{},[33,38893,38894,38896],{},[15,38895,4012],{}," (empty string)",[33,38898,38899],{},[15,38900,1524],{},[33,38902,38903],{},[15,38904,3914],{},[20,38906,864],{},[48,38908,38910],{"className":50,"code":38909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38911,38912,38956,38960,38978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,38913,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932,38934,38936,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,38915,1147],{"class":63},[57,38917,68],{"class":67},[57,38919,72],{"class":71},[57,38921,1294],{"class":75},[57,38923,79],{"class":71},[57,38925,5729],{"class":75},[57,38927,79],{"class":71},[57,38929,6356],{"class":169},[57,38931,79],{"class":71},[57,38933,181],{"class":169},[57,38935,4084],{"class":173},[57,38937,170],{"class":169},[57,38939,79],{"class":71},[57,38941,4091],{"class":1523},[57,38943,79],{"class":71},[57,38945,4150],{"class":1523},[57,38947,79],{"class":71},[57,38949,4141],{"class":1523},[57,38951,79],{"class":71},[57,38953,92],{"class":75},[57,38955,95],{"class":71},[57,38957,38958],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,38959,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,38961,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,38963,1336],{"class":63},[57,38965,68],{"class":67},[57,38967,37885],{"class":101},[57,38969,105],{"class":71},[57,38971,1524],{"class":1523},[57,38973,79],{"class":71},[57,38975,1972],{"class":113},[57,38977,316],{"class":71},[57,38979,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,38981,102],{"class":101},[57,38983,105],{"class":71},[57,38985,8321],{"class":1102},[57,38987,105],{"class":71},[57,38989,1368],{"class":113},[57,38991,117],{"class":71},[20,38993,216],{},[48,38995,38997],{"className":50,"code":38996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38998,38999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39000,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39002,1785],{"class":71},[57,39004,3231],{"class":75},[57,39006,79],{"class":71},[57,39008,3538],{"class":169},[57,39010,4084],{"class":173},[57,39012,3543],{"class":169},[57,39014,79],{"class":71},[57,39016,4150],{"class":1523},[57,39018,79],{"class":71},[57,39020,92],{"class":75},[57,39022,95],{"class":71},[20,39024,39025],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[43,39027,5194,39029],{"id":39028},"when-to-use-filter",[15,39030,37806],{},[20,39032,1806,39033,39035],{},[15,39034,37806],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,39037,39038],{},"It works well for:",[30,39040,39041,39044,39047],{},[33,39042,39043],{},"simple filtering rules",[33,39045,39046],{},"quick data cleaning",[33,39048,39049],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,39051,864],{},[48,39053,39055],{"className":50,"code":39054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,39056,39057,39089,39122,39126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39058,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39060,64],{"class":63},[57,39062,68],{"class":67},[57,39064,72],{"class":71},[57,39066,3231],{"class":75},[57,39068,79],{"class":71},[57,39070,87],{"class":75},[57,39072,79],{"class":71},[57,39074,1793],{"class":75},[57,39076,79],{"class":71},[57,39078,2706],{"class":75},[57,39080,79],{"class":71},[57,39082,92],{"class":75},[57,39084,79],{"class":71},[57,39086,37874],{"class":75},[57,39088,95],{"class":71},[57,39090,39091,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39092,39093],{"class":63},"evens ",[57,39095,68],{"class":67},[57,39097,37885],{"class":101},[57,39099,105],{"class":71},[57,39101,1137],{"class":1208},[57,39103,37892],{"class":1211},[57,39105,270],{"class":71},[57,39107,1966],{"class":113},[57,39109,6633],{"class":67},[57,39111,87],{"class":75},[57,39113,6638],{"class":67},[57,39115,4072],{"class":75},[57,39117,79],{"class":71},[57,39119,4495],{"class":113},[57,39121,316],{"class":71},[57,39123,39124],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,39125,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,39127,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39139],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,39129,102],{"class":101},[57,39131,105],{"class":71},[57,39133,8321],{"class":1102},[57,39135,105],{"class":71},[57,39137,39138],{"class":113},"evens",[57,39140,117],{"class":71},[20,39142,216],{},[48,39144,39145],{"className":50,"code":38819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39146,39147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39148,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159,39161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39150,1785],{"class":71},[57,39152,1788],{"class":75},[57,39154,79],{"class":71},[57,39156,2706],{"class":75},[57,39158,79],{"class":71},[57,39160,37874],{"class":75},[57,39162,95],{"class":71},[20,39164,39165,39166,39168],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39167,6189],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[48,39170,39172],{"className":50,"code":39171,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39173,39174,39206,39214,39218,39230,39246,39261,39265],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39175,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39177,64],{"class":63},[57,39179,68],{"class":67},[57,39181,72],{"class":71},[57,39183,3231],{"class":75},[57,39185,79],{"class":71},[57,39187,87],{"class":75},[57,39189,79],{"class":71},[57,39191,1793],{"class":75},[57,39193,79],{"class":71},[57,39195,2706],{"class":75},[57,39197,79],{"class":71},[57,39199,92],{"class":75},[57,39201,79],{"class":71},[57,39203,37874],{"class":75},[57,39205,95],{"class":71},[57,39207,39208,39210,39212],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39209,39093],{"class":63},[57,39211,68],{"class":67},[57,39213,1273],{"class":71},[57,39215,39216],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,39217,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,39219,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,39221,6189],{"class":1962},[57,39223,6616],{"class":63},[57,39225,1969],{"class":1962},[57,39227,4495],{"class":63},[57,39229,6623],{"class":71},[57,39231,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,39233,6628],{"class":1962},[57,39235,6616],{"class":63},[57,39237,6633],{"class":67},[57,39239,87],{"class":75},[57,39241,6638],{"class":67},[57,39243,4072],{"class":75},[57,39245,6623],{"class":71},[57,39247,39248,39251,39253,39255,39257,39259],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,39249,39250],{"class":63},"        evens",[57,39252,620],{"class":71},[57,39254,13783],{"class":113},[57,39256,105],{"class":71},[57,39258,2490],{"class":113},[57,39260,316],{"class":71},[57,39262,39263],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,39264,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,39266,39267,39269,39271,39273],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,39268,102],{"class":101},[57,39270,105],{"class":71},[57,39272,39138],{"class":113},[57,39274,316],{"class":71},[20,39276,216],{},[48,39278,39279],{"className":50,"code":38819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39280,39281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39282,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39284,1785],{"class":71},[57,39286,1788],{"class":75},[57,39288,79],{"class":71},[57,39290,2706],{"class":75},[57,39292,79],{"class":71},[57,39294,37874],{"class":75},[57,39296,95],{"class":71},[20,39298,39299],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[48,39301,39303],{"className":50,"code":39302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39304,39305,39337,39370,39374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39306,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39308,64],{"class":63},[57,39310,68],{"class":67},[57,39312,72],{"class":71},[57,39314,3231],{"class":75},[57,39316,79],{"class":71},[57,39318,87],{"class":75},[57,39320,79],{"class":71},[57,39322,1793],{"class":75},[57,39324,79],{"class":71},[57,39326,2706],{"class":75},[57,39328,79],{"class":71},[57,39330,92],{"class":75},[57,39332,79],{"class":71},[57,39334,37874],{"class":75},[57,39336,95],{"class":71},[57,39338,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39340,39093],{"class":63},[57,39342,68],{"class":67},[57,39344,72],{"class":71},[57,39346,2469],{"class":63},[57,39348,6189],{"class":1962},[57,39350,6616],{"class":63},[57,39352,1969],{"class":1962},[57,39354,39355],{"class":63}," numbers ",[57,39357,7228],{"class":1962},[57,39359,6616],{"class":63},[57,39361,6633],{"class":67},[57,39363,87],{"class":75},[57,39365,6638],{"class":67},[57,39367,4072],{"class":75},[57,39369,95],{"class":71},[57,39371,39372],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,39373,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,39375,39376,39378,39380,39382],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,39377,102],{"class":101},[57,39379,105],{"class":71},[57,39381,39138],{"class":113},[57,39383,316],{"class":71},[20,39385,216],{},[48,39387,39388],{"className":50,"code":38819,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39389,39390],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39391,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39393,1785],{"class":71},[57,39395,1788],{"class":75},[57,39397,79],{"class":71},[57,39399,2706],{"class":75},[57,39401,79],{"class":71},[57,39403,37874],{"class":75},[57,39405,95],{"class":71},[20,39407,39408,39409,620],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[614,39410,39412],{"href":39411},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[43,39414,1829],{"id":1828},[20,39416,14964,39417,620],{},[15,39418,37806],{},[943,39420,1848,39422,39424],{"id":39421},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39423,37806],{}," to return a list",[20,39426,39427],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[48,39429,39431],{"className":50,"code":39430,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39432,39433,39475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39434,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39436,1336],{"class":63},[57,39438,68],{"class":67},[57,39440,37885],{"class":101},[57,39442,105],{"class":71},[57,39444,1137],{"class":1208},[57,39446,37892],{"class":1211},[57,39448,270],{"class":71},[57,39450,1966],{"class":113},[57,39452,4484],{"class":67},[57,39454,87],{"class":75},[57,39456,79],{"class":71},[57,39458,72],{"class":71},[57,39460,3231],{"class":75},[57,39462,79],{"class":71},[57,39464,87],{"class":75},[57,39466,79],{"class":71},[57,39468,1793],{"class":75},[57,39470,79],{"class":71},[57,39472,2706],{"class":75},[57,39474,1975],{"class":71},[57,39476,39477,39479,39481,39483],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39478,102],{"class":101},[57,39480,105],{"class":71},[57,39482,1368],{"class":113},[57,39484,316],{"class":71},[20,39486,39487],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39489,39490],{},"Fix:",[48,39492,39494],{"className":50,"code":39493,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39495,39496,39538],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39497,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39499,1336],{"class":63},[57,39501,68],{"class":67},[57,39503,37885],{"class":101},[57,39505,105],{"class":71},[57,39507,1137],{"class":1208},[57,39509,37892],{"class":1211},[57,39511,270],{"class":71},[57,39513,1966],{"class":113},[57,39515,4484],{"class":67},[57,39517,87],{"class":75},[57,39519,79],{"class":71},[57,39521,72],{"class":71},[57,39523,3231],{"class":75},[57,39525,79],{"class":71},[57,39527,87],{"class":75},[57,39529,79],{"class":71},[57,39531,1793],{"class":75},[57,39533,79],{"class":71},[57,39535,2706],{"class":75},[57,39537,1975],{"class":71},[57,39539,39540,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39541,102],{"class":101},[57,39543,105],{"class":71},[57,39545,8321],{"class":1102},[57,39547,105],{"class":71},[57,39549,1368],{"class":113},[57,39551,117],{"class":71},[943,39553,39555,39556,3122,39558,39560],{"id":39554},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39557,3845],{},[15,39559,3914],{}," clearly",[20,39562,39563],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39565,39566],{},"Good example:",[48,39568,39570],{"className":50,"code":39569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39571,39572,39585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39573,39574,39576,39579,39581,39583],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39575,35081],{"class":1208},[57,39577,39578],{"class":35084}," is_positive",[57,39580,105],{"class":71},[57,39582,2490],{"class":1211},[57,39584,8570],{"class":71},[57,39586,39587,39589,39591,39593],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39588,35092],{"class":1962},[57,39590,6616],{"class":63},[57,39592,4484],{"class":67},[57,39594,38741],{"class":75},[20,39596,39597],{},"Then use it with:",[48,39599,39601],{"className":50,"code":39600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39602,39603,39635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39604,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39606,64],{"class":63},[57,39608,68],{"class":67},[57,39610,72],{"class":71},[57,39612,2277],{"class":67},[57,39614,1788],{"class":75},[57,39616,79],{"class":71},[57,39618,2474],{"class":67},[57,39620,3231],{"class":75},[57,39622,79],{"class":71},[57,39624,4072],{"class":75},[57,39626,79],{"class":71},[57,39628,5729],{"class":75},[57,39630,79],{"class":71},[57,39632,87],{"class":75},[57,39634,95],{"class":71},[57,39636,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39652,39654,39656],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39638,102],{"class":101},[57,39640,105],{"class":71},[57,39642,8321],{"class":1102},[57,39644,105],{"class":71},[57,39646,37832],{"class":101},[57,39648,105],{"class":71},[57,39650,39651],{"class":113},"is_positive",[57,39653,79],{"class":71},[57,39655,4495],{"class":113},[57,39657,1225],{"class":71},[20,39659,216],{},[48,39661,39663],{"className":50,"code":39662,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39664,39665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39666,39667,39669,39671,39673,39675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39668,1785],{"class":71},[57,39670,3231],{"class":75},[57,39672,79],{"class":71},[57,39674,87],{"class":75},[57,39676,95],{"class":71},[943,39678,39680],{"id":39679},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39682,39683],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[48,39685,39686],{"className":50,"code":38426,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39687,39688,39730,39734,39748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39689,39690,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700,39702,39704,39706,39708,39710,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722,39724,39726,39728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39691,1336],{"class":63},[57,39693,68],{"class":67},[57,39695,37885],{"class":101},[57,39697,105],{"class":71},[57,39699,1137],{"class":1208},[57,39701,37892],{"class":1211},[57,39703,270],{"class":71},[57,39705,1966],{"class":113},[57,39707,4484],{"class":67},[57,39709,87],{"class":75},[57,39711,79],{"class":71},[57,39713,72],{"class":71},[57,39715,3231],{"class":75},[57,39717,79],{"class":71},[57,39719,87],{"class":75},[57,39721,79],{"class":71},[57,39723,1793],{"class":75},[57,39725,79],{"class":71},[57,39727,2706],{"class":75},[57,39729,1975],{"class":71},[57,39731,39732],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39733,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,39735,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,39737,102],{"class":101},[57,39739,105],{"class":71},[57,39741,8321],{"class":1102},[57,39743,105],{"class":71},[57,39745,1368],{"class":113},[57,39747,117],{"class":71},[57,39749,39750,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,39751,102],{"class":101},[57,39753,105],{"class":71},[57,39755,8321],{"class":1102},[57,39757,105],{"class":71},[57,39759,1368],{"class":113},[57,39761,117],{"class":71},[20,39763,216],{},[48,39765,39766],{"className":50,"code":38507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,39767,39768,39780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39769,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39771,1785],{"class":71},[57,39773,76],{"class":75},[57,39775,79],{"class":71},[57,39777,2706],{"class":75},[57,39779,95],{"class":71},[57,39781,39782],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39783,38526],{"class":71},[20,39785,39786],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[48,39788,39790],{"className":50,"code":39789,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39791,39792,39838,39842,39852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39793,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804,39806,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820,39822,39824,39826,39828,39830,39832,39834,39836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39795,1336],{"class":63},[57,39797,68],{"class":67},[57,39799,22790],{"class":1102},[57,39801,105],{"class":71},[57,39803,37832],{"class":101},[57,39805,105],{"class":71},[57,39807,1137],{"class":1208},[57,39809,37892],{"class":1211},[57,39811,270],{"class":71},[57,39813,1966],{"class":113},[57,39815,4484],{"class":67},[57,39817,87],{"class":75},[57,39819,79],{"class":71},[57,39821,72],{"class":71},[57,39823,3231],{"class":75},[57,39825,79],{"class":71},[57,39827,87],{"class":75},[57,39829,79],{"class":71},[57,39831,1793],{"class":75},[57,39833,79],{"class":71},[57,39835,2706],{"class":75},[57,39837,3242],{"class":71},[57,39839,39840],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39841,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,39843,39844,39846,39848,39850],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,39845,102],{"class":101},[57,39847,105],{"class":71},[57,39849,1368],{"class":113},[57,39851,316],{"class":71},[57,39853,39854,39856,39858,39860],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,39855,102],{"class":101},[57,39857,105],{"class":71},[57,39859,1368],{"class":113},[57,39861,316],{"class":71},[943,39863,39865],{"id":39864},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39867,39868],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39870,16873],{},[48,39872,39874],{"className":50,"code":39873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39875,39876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39877,39878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39879,39873],{"class":3903},[20,39881,39882,39883,6781],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39884,1561],{},[20,39886,16885],{},[48,39888,39890],{"className":50,"code":39889,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39891,39892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39893,39894,39896,39898,39900,39902,39904,39906,39908,39910,39912,39914,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39895,102],{"class":101},[57,39897,105],{"class":71},[57,39899,8321],{"class":1102},[57,39901,105],{"class":71},[57,39903,37832],{"class":101},[57,39905,105],{"class":71},[57,39907,1137],{"class":1208},[57,39909,37892],{"class":1211},[57,39911,270],{"class":71},[57,39913,1966],{"class":113},[57,39915,4484],{"class":67},[57,39917,87],{"class":75},[57,39919,79],{"class":71},[57,39921,72],{"class":71},[57,39923,3231],{"class":75},[57,39925,79],{"class":71},[57,39927,87],{"class":75},[57,39929,79],{"class":71},[57,39931,1793],{"class":75},[57,39933,79],{"class":71},[57,39935,2706],{"class":75},[57,39937,37495],{"class":71},[943,39939,37434,39941,8932,39943],{"id":39940},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39942,37806],{},[15,39944,39945],{},"map()",[30,39947,39948,39953],{},[33,39949,39950,39952],{},[15,39951,37806],{}," keeps or removes items",[33,39954,39955,39957],{},[15,39956,39945],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39959,39960,39961,270],{},"Example of ",[15,39962,37806],{},[48,39964,39966],{"className":50,"code":39965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39967,39968,39992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,39969,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984,39986,39988,39990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,39971,64],{"class":63},[57,39973,68],{"class":67},[57,39975,72],{"class":71},[57,39977,3231],{"class":75},[57,39979,79],{"class":71},[57,39981,87],{"class":75},[57,39983,79],{"class":71},[57,39985,1793],{"class":75},[57,39987,79],{"class":71},[57,39989,2706],{"class":75},[57,39991,95],{"class":71},[57,39993,39994,39996,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40010,40012,40014,40016,40018,40020,40022],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,39995,102],{"class":101},[57,39997,105],{"class":71},[57,39999,8321],{"class":1102},[57,40001,105],{"class":71},[57,40003,37832],{"class":101},[57,40005,105],{"class":71},[57,40007,1137],{"class":1208},[57,40009,37892],{"class":1211},[57,40011,270],{"class":71},[57,40013,1966],{"class":113},[57,40015,4484],{"class":67},[57,40017,87],{"class":75},[57,40019,79],{"class":71},[57,40021,4495],{"class":113},[57,40023,1225],{"class":71},[20,40025,216],{},[48,40027,40029],{"className":50,"code":40028,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 4]\n",[15,40030,40031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40032,40033,40035,40037,40039,40041],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40034,1785],{"class":71},[57,40036,76],{"class":75},[57,40038,79],{"class":71},[57,40040,2706],{"class":75},[57,40042,95],{"class":71},[20,40044,39960,40045,270],{},[15,40046,39945],{},[48,40048,40050],{"className":50,"code":40049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,40051,40052,40076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40053,40054,40056,40058,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070,40072,40074],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40055,64],{"class":63},[57,40057,68],{"class":67},[57,40059,72],{"class":71},[57,40061,3231],{"class":75},[57,40063,79],{"class":71},[57,40065,87],{"class":75},[57,40067,79],{"class":71},[57,40069,1793],{"class":75},[57,40071,79],{"class":71},[57,40073,2706],{"class":75},[57,40075,95],{"class":71},[57,40077,40078,40080,40082,40084,40086,40089,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099,40102,40104,40106,40108],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40079,102],{"class":101},[57,40081,105],{"class":71},[57,40083,8321],{"class":1102},[57,40085,105],{"class":71},[57,40087,40088],{"class":101},"map",[57,40090,105],{"class":71},[57,40092,1137],{"class":1208},[57,40094,37892],{"class":1211},[57,40096,270],{"class":71},[57,40098,1966],{"class":113},[57,40100,40101],{"class":67},"*",[57,40103,87],{"class":75},[57,40105,79],{"class":71},[57,40107,4495],{"class":113},[57,40109,1225],{"class":71},[20,40111,216],{},[48,40113,40115],{"className":50,"code":40114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40116,40117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40118,40119,40121,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133,40135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40120,1785],{"class":71},[57,40122,1788],{"class":75},[57,40124,79],{"class":71},[57,40126,2706],{"class":75},[57,40128,79],{"class":71},[57,40130,37874],{"class":75},[57,40132,79],{"class":71},[57,40134,82],{"class":75},[57,40136,95],{"class":71},[20,40138,40139,40140,620],{},"For the related function, see ",[614,40141,13,40143,2144],{"href":40142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40144,39945],{},[43,40146,2011],{"id":2010},[943,40148,12933,40150,40152],{"id":40149},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40151,37806],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40154,40155,40156,40158],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40157,25011],{}," if needed.",[943,40160,40162,40163,40165],{"id":40161},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40164,37806],{}," need to return?",[20,40167,38111,40168,40170,40171,40173],{},[15,40169,3845],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40172,3914],{}," to remove it.",[943,40175,28559,40177,40179],{"id":40176},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40178,37806],{}," without lambda?",[20,40181,40182],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[943,40184,2015,40186,40189],{"id":40185},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40187,40188],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40191,40192,40193,40195,40196,17302,40198,620],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40194,1294],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40197,1524],{},[15,40199,3914],{},[943,40201,21651,40203,40205],{"id":40202},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40204,37806],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40207,40208,40209,40211],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40210,6189],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40213,40214],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[30,40216,40217,40223,40229],{},[33,40218,40219,40220,40222],{},"use ",[15,40221,37806],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[33,40224,40225,40226,40228],{},"use a ",[15,40227,6189],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[33,40230,40231],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40233,40234,40235,620],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[614,40236,5365],{"href":40237},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[43,40239,2135],{"id":2134},[30,40241,40242,40247,40251,40256,40262],{},[33,40243,40244],{},[614,40245,40246],{"href":38682},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[33,40248,40249],{},[614,40250,5451],{"href":40237},[33,40252,40253],{},[614,40254,40255],{"href":39411},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[33,40257,40258],{},[614,40259,13,40260,2144],{"href":40142},[15,40261,39945],{},[33,40263,40264],{},[614,40265,5446],{"href":5818},[2172,40267,40268],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":40270},[40271,40272,40274,40278,40281,40283,40285,40287,40289,40299,40311],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":37938,"depth":98,"text":40273},"What filter() does",{"id":38072,"depth":98,"text":38073,"children":40275},[40276,40277],{"id":38089,"depth":120,"text":38089},{"id":313,"depth":120,"text":313},{"id":38248,"depth":98,"text":38249,"children":40279},[40280],{"id":38419,"depth":120,"text":38420},{"id":38532,"depth":98,"text":40282},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38686,"depth":98,"text":40284},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38848,"depth":98,"text":40286},"Using None with filter()",{"id":39028,"depth":98,"text":40288},"When to use filter()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":40290},[40291,40293,40295,40296,40297],{"id":39421,"depth":120,"text":40292},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39554,"depth":120,"text":40294},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39679,"depth":120,"text":39680},{"id":39864,"depth":120,"text":39865},{"id":39940,"depth":120,"text":40298},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":40300},[40301,40303,40305,40307,40309],{"id":40149,"depth":120,"text":40302},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40161,"depth":120,"text":40304},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40176,"depth":120,"text":40306},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40185,"depth":120,"text":40308},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40202,"depth":120,"text":40310},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37798,"description":40312},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40319,"title":40320,"body":40321,"description":42471,"extension":2219,"meta":42472,"navigation":123,"path":42473,"seo":42474,"stem":42475,"__hash__":42476},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40322,"toc":42425},[40323,40326,40331,40337,40339,40391,40393,40412,40417,40421,40426,40429,40444,40447,40469,40471,40520,40522,40546,40548,40550,40565,40570,40578,40593,40595,40604,40607,40641,40645,40650,40654,40661,40696,40698,40714,40718,40721,40762,40764,40778,40782,40785,40809,40811,40820,40824,40827,40860,40862,40875,40879,40885,40904,40906,40914,40918,40923,40927,40932,40955,40957,40986,40989,41008,41012,41015,41042,41044,41078,41082,41085,41109,41113,41124,41126,41131,41136,41138,41222,41224,41266,41269,41273,41280,41289,41345,41352,41361,41366,41370,41441,41443,41452,41456,41459,41503,41505,41514,41518,41524,41574,41578,41583,41587,41611,41613,41622,41626,41650,41652,41663,41667,41691,41693,41702,41705,41722,41728,41732,41738,41741,41746,41749,41770,41772,41804,41807,41812,41814,41825,41827,41871,41875,41882,41934,41936,41945,41949,41952,42045,42048,42072,42076,42079,42171,42176,42180,42187,42192,42216,42218,42227,42232,42255,42257,42265,42272,42295,42303,42305,42318,42328,42330,42334,42341,42345,42354,42358,42365,42369,42373,42377,42390,42392,42422],[10,40324,40320],{"id":40325},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40327,22,40328,40330],{},[15,40329,3128],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40332,40333,40334,40336],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40335,3128],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[43,40338,46],{"id":45},[48,40340,40342],{"className":50,"code":40341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40343,40344,40358,40377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40345,40346,40348,40350,40352,40354,40356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40347,102],{"class":101},[57,40349,105],{"class":71},[57,40351,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40353,105],{"class":71},[57,40355,2389],{"class":75},[57,40357,117],{"class":71},[57,40359,40360,40362,40364,40366,40368,40370,40373,40375],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40361,102],{"class":101},[57,40363,105],{"class":71},[57,40365,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40367,105],{"class":71},[57,40369,170],{"class":169},[57,40371,40372],{"class":173},"3.14",[57,40374,170],{"class":169},[57,40376,117],{"class":71},[57,40378,40379,40381,40383,40385,40387,40389],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,40380,102],{"class":101},[57,40382,105],{"class":71},[57,40384,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40386,105],{"class":71},[57,40388,3845],{"class":1523},[57,40390,117],{"class":71},[20,40392,216],{},[48,40394,40396],{"className":50,"code":40395,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40397,40398,40402,40407],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40399,40400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40401,2728],{"class":75},[57,40403,40404],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40405,40406],{"class":75},"3.14\n",[57,40408,40409],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,40410,40411],{"class":75},"1.0\n",[20,40413,1806,40414,40416],{},[15,40415,3128],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[43,40418,40420],{"id":40419},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40422,40423,40425],{},[15,40424,3128],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40427,40428],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[30,40430,40431,40435,40439],{},[33,40432,40433],{},[15,40434,2740],{},[33,40436,40437],{},[15,40438,40372],{},[33,40440,40441],{},[15,40442,40443],{},"0.5",[20,40445,40446],{},"A few key points:",[30,40448,40449,40456,40459,40462],{},[33,40450,40451,40453,40454],{},[15,40452,3128],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40455,2444],{},[33,40457,40458],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[33,40460,40461],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[33,40463,40464,40465],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[614,40466,40467],{"href":8447},[15,40468,3201],{},[20,40470,864],{},[48,40472,40474],{"className":50,"code":40473,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40475,40476,40496,40506],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40477,40478,40480,40482,40485,40487,40489,40492,40494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40479,2469],{"class":63},[57,40481,68],{"class":67},[57,40483,40484],{"class":1102}," float",[57,40486,105],{"class":71},[57,40488,170],{"class":169},[57,40490,40491],{"class":173},"2.75",[57,40493,170],{"class":169},[57,40495,316],{"class":71},[57,40497,40498,40500,40502,40504],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40499,102],{"class":101},[57,40501,105],{"class":71},[57,40503,2490],{"class":113},[57,40505,316],{"class":71},[57,40507,40508,40510,40512,40514,40516,40518],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,40509,102],{"class":101},[57,40511,105],{"class":71},[57,40513,1886],{"class":1102},[57,40515,105],{"class":71},[57,40517,2490],{"class":113},[57,40519,117],{"class":71},[20,40521,216],{},[48,40523,40525],{"className":50,"code":40524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40526,40527,40532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40528,40529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40530,40531],{"class":75},"2.75\n",[57,40533,40534,40536,40538,40540,40542,40544],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40535,3532],{"class":67},[57,40537,3535],{"class":1208},[57,40539,3538],{"class":169},[57,40541,2444],{"class":173},[57,40543,3543],{"class":169},[57,40545,3546],{"class":67},[43,40547,294],{"id":293},[20,40549,7448],{},[48,40551,40553],{"className":50,"code":40552,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"float(value)\n",[15,40554,40555],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40556,40557,40559,40561,40563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40558,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40560,105],{"class":71},[57,40562,364],{"class":113},[57,40564,316],{"class":71},[20,40566,40567,40568,620],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40569,3128],{},[20,40571,40572,40573,40575,40576,270],{},"If you call ",[15,40574,3128],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40577,4007],{},[48,40579,40581],{"className":50,"code":40580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float())\n",[15,40582,40583],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40584,40585,40587,40589,40591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40586,102],{"class":101},[57,40588,105],{"class":71},[57,40590,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40592,1671],{"class":71},[20,40594,216],{},[48,40596,40598],{"className":50,"code":40597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0.0\n",[15,40599,40600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40601,40602],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40603,40597],{"class":75},[20,40605,40606],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[48,40608,40610],{"className":50,"code":40609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40611,40612,40631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40613,40614,40617,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40615,40616],{"class":63},"price ",[57,40618,68],{"class":67},[57,40620,40484],{"class":1102},[57,40622,105],{"class":71},[57,40624,170],{"class":169},[57,40626,563],{"class":173},[57,40628,170],{"class":169},[57,40630,316],{"class":71},[57,40632,40633,40635,40637,40639],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40634,102],{"class":101},[57,40636,105],{"class":71},[57,40638,25380],{"class":113},[57,40640,316],{"class":71},[43,40642,40644],{"id":40643},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40646,40647,40649],{},[15,40648,3128],{}," can convert several common value types.",[943,40651,40653],{"id":40652},"integers","Integers",[20,40655,40656,40657,40660],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40658,40659],{},".0"," added:",[48,40662,40664],{"className":50,"code":40663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40665,40666,40680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40667,40668,40670,40672,40674,40676,40678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40669,102],{"class":101},[57,40671,105],{"class":71},[57,40673,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40675,105],{"class":71},[57,40677,2389],{"class":75},[57,40679,117],{"class":71},[57,40681,40682,40684,40686,40688,40690,40692,40694],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40683,102],{"class":101},[57,40685,105],{"class":71},[57,40687,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40689,105],{"class":71},[57,40691,2277],{"class":67},[57,40693,1788],{"class":75},[57,40695,117],{"class":71},[20,40697,216],{},[48,40699,40701],{"className":50,"code":40700,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40702,40703,40707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40704,40705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40706,2728],{"class":75},[57,40708,40709,40711],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40710,2277],{"class":67},[57,40712,40713],{"class":75},"2.0\n",[943,40715,40717],{"id":40716},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40719,40720],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[48,40722,40724],{"className":50,"code":40723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40725,40726,40744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40727,40728,40730,40732,40734,40736,40738,40740,40742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40729,102],{"class":101},[57,40731,105],{"class":71},[57,40733,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40735,105],{"class":71},[57,40737,170],{"class":169},[57,40739,40372],{"class":173},[57,40741,170],{"class":169},[57,40743,117],{"class":71},[57,40745,40746,40748,40750,40752,40754,40756,40758,40760],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40747,102],{"class":101},[57,40749,105],{"class":71},[57,40751,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40753,105],{"class":71},[57,40755,170],{"class":169},[57,40757,1561],{"class":173},[57,40759,170],{"class":169},[57,40761,117],{"class":71},[20,40763,216],{},[48,40765,40767],{"className":50,"code":40766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40768,40769,40773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40770,40771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40772,40406],{"class":75},[57,40774,40775],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40776,40777],{"class":75},"10.0\n",[943,40779,40781],{"id":40780},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40783,40784],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[48,40786,40788],{"className":50,"code":40787,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40789,40790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40791,40792,40794,40796,40798,40800,40802,40805,40807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40793,102],{"class":101},[57,40795,105],{"class":71},[57,40797,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40799,105],{"class":71},[57,40801,170],{"class":169},[57,40803,40804],{"class":173},"  8.5  ",[57,40806,170],{"class":169},[57,40808,117],{"class":71},[20,40810,216],{},[48,40812,40814],{"className":50,"code":40813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8.5\n",[15,40815,40816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40817,40818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40819,40813],{"class":75},[943,40821,40823],{"id":40822},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40825,40826],{},"Boolean values also work:",[48,40828,40830],{"className":50,"code":40829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40831,40832,40846],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40833,40834,40836,40838,40840,40842,40844],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40835,102],{"class":101},[57,40837,105],{"class":71},[57,40839,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40841,105],{"class":71},[57,40843,3845],{"class":1523},[57,40845,117],{"class":71},[57,40847,40848,40850,40852,40854,40856,40858],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40849,102],{"class":101},[57,40851,105],{"class":71},[57,40853,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40855,105],{"class":71},[57,40857,3914],{"class":1523},[57,40859,117],{"class":71},[20,40861,216],{},[48,40863,40865],{"className":50,"code":40864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40866,40867,40871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40868,40869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40870,40411],{"class":75},[57,40872,40873],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,40874,40597],{"class":75},[943,40876,40878],{"id":40877},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40880,40881,40882,40884],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40883,3128],{}," returns a float version of it:",[48,40886,40888],{"className":50,"code":40887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40889,40890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40891,40892,40894,40896,40898,40900,40902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40893,102],{"class":101},[57,40895,105],{"class":71},[57,40897,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40899,105],{"class":71},[57,40901,2612],{"class":75},[57,40903,117],{"class":71},[20,40905,216],{},[48,40907,40908],{"className":50,"code":2635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,40909,40910],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40911,40912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40913,2635],{"class":75},[43,40915,40917],{"id":40916},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40919,40920,40921,620],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40922,3128],{},[943,40924,40926],{"id":40925},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40928,40929,40930,270],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40931,1420],{},[48,40933,40935],{"className":50,"code":40934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40936,40937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40938,40939,40941,40943,40945,40947,40949,40951,40953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40940,102],{"class":101},[57,40942,105],{"class":71},[57,40944,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40946,105],{"class":71},[57,40948,170],{"class":169},[57,40950,4084],{"class":173},[57,40952,170],{"class":169},[57,40954,117],{"class":71},[20,40956,1459],{},[48,40958,40960],{"className":50,"code":40959,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40961,40962],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40963,40964,40966,40968,40971,40973,40976,40978,40980,40982,40984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40965,1420],{"class":1102},[57,40967,270],{"class":71},[57,40969,40970],{"class":63}," could ",[57,40972,1401],{"class":67},[57,40974,40975],{"class":63}," convert string to ",[57,40977,2444],{"class":1102},[57,40979,270],{"class":71},[57,40981,3538],{"class":169},[57,40983,4084],{"class":173},[57,40985,29929],{"class":169},[20,40987,40988],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[48,40990,40992],{"className":50,"code":40991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40993,40994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,40995,40996,40998,41000,41002,41004,41006],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,40997,102],{"class":101},[57,40999,105],{"class":71},[57,41001,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41003,105],{"class":71},[57,41005,6502],{"class":169},[57,41007,117],{"class":71},[943,41009,41011],{"id":41010},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,41013,41014],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[48,41016,41018],{"className":50,"code":41017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,41019,41020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41021,41022,41024,41026,41028,41030,41032,41034,41036,41038,41040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41023,102],{"class":101},[57,41025,105],{"class":71},[57,41027,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41029,1949],{"class":71},[57,41031,3231],{"class":75},[57,41033,79],{"class":71},[57,41035,87],{"class":75},[57,41037,79],{"class":71},[57,41039,1793],{"class":75},[57,41041,3242],{"class":71},[20,41043,1459],{},[48,41045,41047],{"className":50,"code":41046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,41048,41049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41050,41051,41053,41055,41057,41059,41062,41065,41068,41070,41072,41074,41076],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41052,1539],{"class":1102},[57,41054,270],{"class":71},[57,41056,40484],{"class":1102},[57,41058,1475],{"class":71},[57,41060,41061],{"class":63}," argument must be a string ",[57,41063,41064],{"class":67},"or",[57,41066,41067],{"class":63}," a real number",[57,41069,79],{"class":71},[57,41071,8327],{"class":67},[57,41073,3538],{"class":169},[57,41075,8321],{"class":173},[57,41077,29929],{"class":169},[943,41079,41081],{"id":41080},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41083,41084],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[48,41086,41088],{"className":50,"code":41087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41089,41090],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41091,41092,41094,41096,41098,41100,41102,41105,41107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41093,102],{"class":101},[57,41095,105],{"class":71},[57,41097,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41099,105],{"class":71},[57,41101,170],{"class":169},[57,41103,41104],{"class":173},"3,14",[57,41106,170],{"class":169},[57,41108,117],{"class":71},[20,41110,1674,41111,620],{},[15,41112,1420],{},[20,41114,41115,41116,1242,41120,620],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[614,41117,41119],{"href":41118},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[614,41121,41123],{"href":41122},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[43,41125,17649],{"id":17648},[20,41127,41128,41130],{},[15,41129,3128],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41132,1397,41133,41135],{},[1399,41134,1401],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41137,864],{},[48,41139,41141],{"className":50,"code":41140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41142,41143,41156,41170,41174,41184,41194,41208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41144,41145,41147,41149,41151,41154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41146,34918],{"class":63},[57,41148,68],{"class":67},[57,41150,181],{"class":169},[57,41152,41153],{"class":173},"6.5",[57,41155,3602],{"class":169},[57,41157,41158,41160,41162,41164,41166,41168],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41159,2469],{"class":63},[57,41161,68],{"class":67},[57,41163,40484],{"class":1102},[57,41165,105],{"class":71},[57,41167,1222],{"class":113},[57,41169,316],{"class":71},[57,41171,41172],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41173,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,41175,41176,41178,41180,41182],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41177,102],{"class":101},[57,41179,105],{"class":71},[57,41181,1222],{"class":113},[57,41183,316],{"class":71},[57,41185,41186,41188,41190,41192],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,41187,102],{"class":101},[57,41189,105],{"class":71},[57,41191,2490],{"class":113},[57,41193,316],{"class":71},[57,41195,41196,41198,41200,41202,41204,41206],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,41197,102],{"class":101},[57,41199,105],{"class":71},[57,41201,1886],{"class":1102},[57,41203,105],{"class":71},[57,41205,1222],{"class":113},[57,41207,117],{"class":71},[57,41209,41210,41212,41214,41216,41218,41220],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,41211,102],{"class":101},[57,41213,105],{"class":71},[57,41215,1886],{"class":1102},[57,41217,105],{"class":71},[57,41219,2490],{"class":113},[57,41221,117],{"class":71},[20,41223,216],{},[48,41225,41227],{"className":50,"code":41226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41228,41229,41234,41238,41252],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41230,41231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41232,41233],{"class":75},"6.5\n",[57,41235,41236],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41237,41233],{"class":75},[57,41239,41240,41242,41244,41246,41248,41250],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41241,3532],{"class":67},[57,41243,3535],{"class":1208},[57,41245,3538],{"class":169},[57,41247,1103],{"class":173},[57,41249,3543],{"class":169},[57,41251,3546],{"class":67},[57,41253,41254,41256,41258,41260,41262,41264],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41255,3532],{"class":67},[57,41257,3535],{"class":1208},[57,41259,3538],{"class":169},[57,41261,2444],{"class":173},[57,41263,3543],{"class":169},[57,41265,3546],{"class":67},[20,41267,41268],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[43,41270,41272],{"id":41271},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[943,41274,41276,41277,41279],{"id":41275},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41278,3201],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41281,935,41282,41286,41287,620],{},[614,41283,41284,2553],{"href":8447},[15,41285,3201],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41288,3128],{},[48,41290,41292],{"className":50,"code":41291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41293,41294,41313,41327,41331],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41295,41296,41298,41300,41302,41304,41306,41309,41311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41297,8465],{"class":63},[57,41299,68],{"class":67},[57,41301,8470],{"class":101},[57,41303,105],{"class":71},[57,41305,170],{"class":169},[57,41307,41308],{"class":173},"Enter a price: ",[57,41310,170],{"class":169},[57,41312,316],{"class":71},[57,41314,41315,41317,41319,41321,41323,41325],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41316,40616],{"class":63},[57,41318,68],{"class":67},[57,41320,40484],{"class":1102},[57,41322,105],{"class":71},[57,41324,8494],{"class":113},[57,41326,316],{"class":71},[57,41328,41329],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41330,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,41332,41333,41335,41337,41339,41341,41343],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41334,102],{"class":101},[57,41336,105],{"class":71},[57,41338,40616],{"class":113},[57,41340,40101],{"class":67},[57,41342,87],{"class":75},[57,41344,316],{"class":71},[20,41346,41347,41348,41351],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41349,41350],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[48,41353,41355],{"className":50,"code":41354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"9.0\n",[15,41356,41357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41358,41359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41360,41354],{"class":75},[20,41362,41363,41364,620],{},"For more help with this, see ",[614,41365,9209],{"href":9208},[943,41367,41369],{"id":41368},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[48,41371,41373],{"className":50,"code":41372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41374,41375,41388,41401,41405,41430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41376,41377,41379,41381,41383,41386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41378,686],{"class":63},[57,41380,68],{"class":67},[57,41382,181],{"class":169},[57,41384,41385],{"class":173},"2.5",[57,41387,3602],{"class":169},[57,41389,41390,41392,41394,41396,41399],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41391,696],{"class":63},[57,41393,68],{"class":67},[57,41395,181],{"class":169},[57,41397,41398],{"class":173},"1.5",[57,41400,3602],{"class":169},[57,41402,41403],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41404,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,41406,41407,41410,41412,41414,41416,41418,41420,41422,41424,41426,41428],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41408,41409],{"class":63},"total ",[57,41411,68],{"class":67},[57,41413,40484],{"class":1102},[57,41415,105],{"class":71},[57,41417,614],{"class":113},[57,41419,1959],{"class":71},[57,41421,2703],{"class":67},[57,41423,40484],{"class":1102},[57,41425,105],{"class":71},[57,41427,4993],{"class":113},[57,41429,316],{"class":71},[57,41431,41432,41434,41436,41439],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,41433,102],{"class":101},[57,41435,105],{"class":71},[57,41437,41438],{"class":113},"total",[57,41440,316],{"class":71},[20,41442,216],{},[48,41444,41446],{"className":50,"code":41445,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4.0\n",[15,41447,41448],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41449,41450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41451,41445],{"class":75},[943,41453,41455],{"id":41454},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41457,41458],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[48,41460,41462],{"className":50,"code":41461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41463,41464,41474,41489,41493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41465,41466,41469,41471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41467,41468],{"class":63},"count ",[57,41470,68],{"class":67},[57,41472,41473],{"class":75}," 7\n",[57,41475,41476,41478,41480,41482,41484,41487],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41477,1336],{"class":63},[57,41479,68],{"class":67},[57,41481,40484],{"class":1102},[57,41483,105],{"class":71},[57,41485,41486],{"class":113},"count",[57,41488,316],{"class":71},[57,41490,41491],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41492,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,41494,41495,41497,41499,41501],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41496,102],{"class":101},[57,41498,105],{"class":71},[57,41500,1368],{"class":113},[57,41502,316],{"class":71},[20,41504,216],{},[48,41506,41508],{"className":50,"code":41507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.0\n",[15,41509,41510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41511,41512],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41513,41507],{"class":75},[943,41515,41517],{"id":41516},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41519,41520,41521,41523],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41522,3128],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[48,41525,41527],{"className":50,"code":41526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41528,41529,41543,41559,41563],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41530,41531,41534,41536,41538,41541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41532,41533],{"class":63},"temperature_text ",[57,41535,68],{"class":67},[57,41537,181],{"class":169},[57,41539,41540],{"class":173},"21.8",[57,41542,3602],{"class":169},[57,41544,41545,41548,41550,41552,41554,41557],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41546,41547],{"class":63},"temperature ",[57,41549,68],{"class":67},[57,41551,40484],{"class":1102},[57,41553,105],{"class":71},[57,41555,41556],{"class":113},"temperature_text",[57,41558,316],{"class":71},[57,41560,41561],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41562,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,41564,41565,41567,41569,41572],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41566,102],{"class":101},[57,41568,105],{"class":71},[57,41570,41571],{"class":113},"temperature",[57,41573,316],{"class":71},[43,41575,41577],{"id":41576},"special-values","Special values",[20,41579,41580,41582],{},[15,41581,3128],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[943,41584,41586],{"id":41585},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[48,41588,41590],{"className":50,"code":41589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41591,41592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41593,41594,41596,41598,41600,41602,41604,41607,41609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41595,102],{"class":101},[57,41597,105],{"class":71},[57,41599,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41601,105],{"class":71},[57,41603,170],{"class":169},[57,41605,41606],{"class":173},"inf",[57,41608,170],{"class":169},[57,41610,117],{"class":71},[20,41612,216],{},[48,41614,41616],{"className":50,"code":41615,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"inf\n",[15,41617,41618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41619,41620],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41621,41615],{"class":63},[943,41623,41625],{"id":41624},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[48,41627,41629],{"className":50,"code":41628,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41630,41631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41632,41633,41635,41637,41639,41641,41643,41646,41648],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41634,102],{"class":101},[57,41636,105],{"class":71},[57,41638,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41640,105],{"class":71},[57,41642,170],{"class":169},[57,41644,41645],{"class":173},"-inf",[57,41647,170],{"class":169},[57,41649,117],{"class":71},[20,41651,216],{},[48,41653,41655],{"className":50,"code":41654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"-inf\n",[15,41656,41657],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41658,41659,41661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41660,2277],{"class":67},[57,41662,41615],{"class":63},[943,41664,41666],{"id":41665},"not-a-number","Not a number",[48,41668,41670],{"className":50,"code":41669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41671,41672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41673,41674,41676,41678,41680,41682,41684,41687,41689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41675,102],{"class":101},[57,41677,105],{"class":71},[57,41679,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41681,105],{"class":71},[57,41683,170],{"class":169},[57,41685,41686],{"class":173},"nan",[57,41688,170],{"class":169},[57,41690,117],{"class":71},[20,41692,216],{},[48,41694,41696],{"className":50,"code":41695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nan\n",[15,41697,41698],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41699,41700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41701,41695],{"class":63},[20,41703,41704],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[30,41706,41707,41712,41717],{},[33,41708,41709,41711],{},[15,41710,41606],{}," means positive infinity",[33,41713,41714,41716],{},[15,41715,41645],{}," means negative infinity",[33,41718,41719,41721],{},[15,41720,41686],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41723,41724,41725,41727],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41726,3128],{}," accepts them.",[43,41729,41731],{"id":41730},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41733,41734,41735,41737],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41736,3128],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[943,41739,1420],{"id":41740},"valueerror",[20,41742,15419,41743,41745],{},[15,41744,1420],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41747,41748],{},"Common causes:",[30,41750,41751,41757,41760,41763],{},[33,41752,41753,41754],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41755,41756],{},"\"abc\"",[33,41758,41759],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[33,41761,41762],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[33,41764,4936,41765],{},[614,41766,41767,41769],{"href":8447},[15,41768,3201],{}," returns a string",[20,41771,864],{},[48,41773,41775],{"className":50,"code":41774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41776,41777,41790],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41778,41779,41781,41783,41785,41788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41780,2696],{"class":63},[57,41782,68],{"class":67},[57,41784,181],{"class":169},[57,41786,41787],{"class":173},"abc",[57,41789,3602],{"class":169},[57,41791,41792,41794,41796,41798,41800,41802],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41793,102],{"class":101},[57,41795,105],{"class":71},[57,41797,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41799,105],{"class":71},[57,41801,364],{"class":113},[57,41803,117],{"class":71},[943,41805,1539],{"id":41806},"typeerror",[20,41808,15419,41809,41811],{},[15,41810,1539],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41813,41748],{},[30,41815,41816,41819,41822],{},[33,41817,41818],{},"Passing a list",[33,41820,41821],{},"Passing a dictionary",[33,41823,41824],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41826,864],{},[48,41828,41830],{"className":50,"code":41829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41831,41832,41857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41833,41834,41836,41838,41840,41842,41844,41846,41848,41850,41853,41855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41835,2696],{"class":63},[57,41837,68],{"class":67},[57,41839,10718],{"class":71},[57,41841,170],{"class":169},[57,41843,25380],{"class":173},[57,41845,170],{"class":169},[57,41847,270],{"class":71},[57,41849,181],{"class":169},[57,41851,41852],{"class":173},"9.99",[57,41854,170],{"class":169},[57,41856,9536],{"class":71},[57,41858,41859,41861,41863,41865,41867,41869],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41860,102],{"class":101},[57,41862,105],{"class":71},[57,41864,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41866,105],{"class":71},[57,41868,364],{"class":113},[57,41870,117],{"class":71},[943,41872,41874],{"id":41873},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41876,41877,41878,41881],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41879,41880],{},"strip()"," can help:",[48,41883,41885],{"className":50,"code":41884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41886,41887,41900,41915,41919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41888,41889,41891,41893,41895,41898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41890,2696],{"class":63},[57,41892,68],{"class":67},[57,41894,181],{"class":169},[57,41896,41897],{"class":173},"  7.25  ",[57,41899,3602],{"class":169},[57,41901,41902,41905,41907,41909,41911,41913],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41903,41904],{"class":63},"clean_value ",[57,41906,68],{"class":67},[57,41908,8661],{"class":63},[57,41910,620],{"class":71},[57,41912,8862],{"class":113},[57,41914,8870],{"class":71},[57,41916,41917],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41918,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,41920,41921,41923,41925,41927,41929,41932],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41922,102],{"class":101},[57,41924,105],{"class":71},[57,41926,2444],{"class":1102},[57,41928,105],{"class":71},[57,41930,41931],{"class":113},"clean_value",[57,41933,117],{"class":71},[20,41935,216],{},[48,41937,41939],{"className":50,"code":41938,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.25\n",[15,41940,41941],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41942,41943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41944,41938],{"class":75},[943,41946,41948],{"id":41947},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41950,41951],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[48,41953,41955],{"className":50,"code":41954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41956,41957,41970,41974,41984,41998,42013,42017,42031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,41958,41959,41961,41963,41965,41968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,41960,2696],{"class":63},[57,41962,68],{"class":67},[57,41964,181],{"class":169},[57,41966,41967],{"class":173}," 3.5 ",[57,41969,3602],{"class":169},[57,41971,41972],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,41973,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,41975,41976,41978,41980,41982],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,41977,102],{"class":101},[57,41979,105],{"class":71},[57,41981,364],{"class":113},[57,41983,316],{"class":71},[57,41985,41986,41988,41990,41992,41994,41996],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,41987,102],{"class":101},[57,41989,105],{"class":71},[57,41991,1886],{"class":1102},[57,41993,105],{"class":71},[57,41995,364],{"class":113},[57,41997,117],{"class":71},[57,41999,42000,42002,42004,42007,42009,42011],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,42001,102],{"class":101},[57,42003,105],{"class":71},[57,42005,42006],{"class":101},"repr",[57,42008,105],{"class":71},[57,42010,364],{"class":113},[57,42012,117],{"class":71},[57,42014,42015],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,42016,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,42018,42019,42021,42023,42025,42027,42029],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,42020,41904],{"class":63},[57,42022,68],{"class":67},[57,42024,8661],{"class":63},[57,42026,620],{"class":71},[57,42028,8862],{"class":113},[57,42030,8870],{"class":71},[57,42032,42033,42035,42037,42039,42041,42043],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,42034,102],{"class":101},[57,42036,105],{"class":71},[57,42038,2444],{"class":1102},[57,42040,105],{"class":71},[57,42042,41931],{"class":113},[57,42044,117],{"class":71},[20,42046,42047],{},"Why this helps:",[30,42049,42050,42056,42061,42067],{},[33,42051,42052,42055],{},[15,42053,42054],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[33,42057,42058,21598],{},[15,42059,42060],{},"print(type(value))",[33,42062,42063,42066],{},[15,42064,42065],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[33,42068,42069,42071],{},[15,42070,41880],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[943,42073,42075],{"id":42074},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42077,42078],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[48,42080,42082],{"className":50,"code":42081,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42083,42084,42103,42107,42113,42128,42147,42156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42085,42086,42088,42090,42092,42094,42096,42099,42101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42087,2696],{"class":63},[57,42089,68],{"class":67},[57,42091,8470],{"class":101},[57,42093,105],{"class":71},[57,42095,170],{"class":169},[57,42097,42098],{"class":173},"Enter a number: ",[57,42100,170],{"class":169},[57,42102,316],{"class":71},[57,42104,42105],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,42106,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,42108,42109,42111],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,42110,30033],{"class":1962},[57,42112,6623],{"class":71},[57,42114,42115,42118,42120,42122,42124,42126],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,42116,42117],{"class":63},"    number ",[57,42119,68],{"class":67},[57,42121,40484],{"class":1102},[57,42123,105],{"class":71},[57,42125,364],{"class":113},[57,42127,316],{"class":71},[57,42129,42130,42132,42134,42136,42139,42141,42143,42145],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,42131,8296],{"class":101},[57,42133,105],{"class":71},[57,42135,170],{"class":169},[57,42137,42138],{"class":173},"Converted:",[57,42140,170],{"class":169},[57,42142,79],{"class":71},[57,42144,2449],{"class":113},[57,42146,316],{"class":71},[57,42148,42149,42151,42154],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,42150,30064],{"class":1962},[57,42152,42153],{"class":1102}," ValueError",[57,42155,6623],{"class":71},[57,42157,42158,42160,42162,42164,42167,42169],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,42159,8296],{"class":101},[57,42161,105],{"class":71},[57,42163,170],{"class":169},[57,42165,42166],{"class":173},"That is not a valid number.",[57,42168,170],{"class":169},[57,42170,316],{"class":71},[20,42172,42173,42174,620],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[614,42175,41123],{"href":41122},[43,42177,42179],{"id":42178},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42181,10817,42182,1242,42184,42186],{},[15,42183,3128],{},[15,42185,3121],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42188,42189,42191],{},[15,42190,3128],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[48,42193,42195],{"className":50,"code":42194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42196,42197],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42198,42199,42201,42203,42205,42207,42209,42212,42214],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42200,102],{"class":101},[57,42202,105],{"class":71},[57,42204,2444],{"class":1102},[57,42206,105],{"class":71},[57,42208,170],{"class":169},[57,42210,42211],{"class":173},"3.9",[57,42213,170],{"class":169},[57,42215,117],{"class":71},[20,42217,216],{},[48,42219,42221],{"className":50,"code":42220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.9\n",[15,42222,42223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42224,42225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42226,42220],{"class":75},[20,42228,42229,42231],{},[15,42230,3121],{}," creates whole numbers:",[48,42233,42235],{"className":50,"code":42234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42236,42237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42238,42239,42241,42243,42245,42247,42249,42251,42253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42240,102],{"class":101},[57,42242,105],{"class":71},[57,42244,2440],{"class":1102},[57,42246,105],{"class":71},[57,42248,170],{"class":169},[57,42250,1561],{"class":173},[57,42252,170],{"class":169},[57,42254,117],{"class":71},[20,42256,216],{},[48,42258,42259],{"className":50,"code":2626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,42260,42261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42262,42263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42264,2626],{"class":75},[20,42266,42267,42268,42271],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42269,42270],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[48,42273,42275],{"className":50,"code":42274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42276,42277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42278,42279,42281,42283,42285,42287,42289,42291,42293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42280,102],{"class":101},[57,42282,105],{"class":71},[57,42284,2440],{"class":1102},[57,42286,105],{"class":71},[57,42288,170],{"class":169},[57,42290,42211],{"class":173},[57,42292,170],{"class":169},[57,42294,117],{"class":71},[20,42296,1674,42297,8829,42299,42302],{},[15,42298,1420],{},[15,42300,42301],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42304,10940],{},[30,42306,42307,42313],{},[33,42308,42309,42312],{},[15,42310,42311],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[33,42314,42315,42317],{},[15,42316,42270],{}," fails",[20,42319,42320,42321,42324,42325,42327],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[614,42322,42323],{"href":3118},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[614,42326,2669],{"href":2668}," helpful.",[43,42329,2011],{"id":2010},[943,42331,42333],{"id":42332},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42335,42336,42337,3122,42339,620],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42338,2740],{},[15,42340,40372],{},[943,42342,42344],{"id":42343},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42346,42347,42348,3122,42351,620],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42349,42350],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42352,42353],{},"\"10\"",[943,42355,42357],{"id":42356},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42359,29292,42360,42362,42363,620],{},[15,42361,41756],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42364,1420],{},[943,42366,42368],{"id":42367},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42370,5379,42371,620],{},[15,42372,4007],{},[943,42374,42376],{"id":42375},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42378,42379,42380,42382,42383,1242,42386,42382,42388,620],{},"Yes. ",[15,42381,3845],{}," becomes ",[15,42384,42385],{},"1.0",[15,42387,3914],{},[15,42389,4007],{},[43,42391,2135],{"id":2134},[30,42393,42394,42398,42404,42409,42413,42417],{},[33,42395,42396],{},[614,42397,42323],{"href":3118},[33,42399,42400],{},[614,42401,42403],{"href":42402},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[33,42405,42406],{},[614,42407,42408],{"href":41118},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[33,42410,42411],{},[614,42412,9286],{"href":9208},[33,42414,42415],{},[614,42416,41123],{"href":41122},[33,42418,42419],{},[614,42420,42421],{"href":8447},"Python input() Function Explained",[2172,42423,42424],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":42426},[42427,42428,42429,42430,42437,42442,42443,42450,42455,42462,42463,42470],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":40419,"depth":98,"text":40420},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":40643,"depth":98,"text":40644,"children":42431},[42432,42433,42434,42435,42436],{"id":40652,"depth":120,"text":40653},{"id":40716,"depth":120,"text":40717},{"id":40780,"depth":120,"text":40781},{"id":40822,"depth":120,"text":40823},{"id":40877,"depth":120,"text":40878},{"id":40916,"depth":98,"text":40917,"children":42438},[42439,42440,42441],{"id":40925,"depth":120,"text":40926},{"id":41010,"depth":120,"text":41011},{"id":41080,"depth":120,"text":41081},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":41271,"depth":98,"text":41272,"children":42444},[42445,42447,42448,42449],{"id":41275,"depth":120,"text":42446},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41368,"depth":120,"text":41369},{"id":41454,"depth":120,"text":41455},{"id":41516,"depth":120,"text":41517},{"id":41576,"depth":98,"text":41577,"children":42451},[42452,42453,42454],{"id":41585,"depth":120,"text":41586},{"id":41624,"depth":120,"text":41625},{"id":41665,"depth":120,"text":41666},{"id":41730,"depth":98,"text":41731,"children":42456},[42457,42458,42459,42460,42461],{"id":41740,"depth":120,"text":1420},{"id":41806,"depth":120,"text":1539},{"id":41873,"depth":120,"text":41874},{"id":41947,"depth":120,"text":41948},{"id":42074,"depth":120,"text":42075},{"id":42178,"depth":98,"text":42179},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":42464},[42465,42466,42467,42468,42469],{"id":42332,"depth":120,"text":42333},{"id":42343,"depth":120,"text":42344},{"id":42356,"depth":120,"text":42357},{"id":42367,"depth":120,"text":42368},{"id":42375,"depth":120,"text":42376},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40320,"description":42471},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42478,"title":42479,"body":42480,"description":43698,"extension":2219,"meta":43699,"navigation":123,"path":35254,"seo":43700,"stem":43701,"__hash__":43702},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42481,"toc":43664},[42482,42485,42490,42493,42495,42534,42548,42552,42557,42560,42577,42580,42588,42603,42606,42608,42611,42627,42630,42633,42653,42657,42668,42671,42675,42679,42693,42728,42732,42743,42778,42781,42783,42791,42824,42840,42842,42852,42873,42884,42886,42891,42894,42908,42910,42929,42932,42945,42948,42952,42956,42970,42973,42991,42994,43009,43013,43018,43032,43038,43040,43096,43098,43131,43134,43150,43154,43161,43165,43170,43173,43184,43188,43193,43208,43217,43222,43241,43244,43256,43258,43263,43273,43276,43305,43310,43319,43323,43328,43331,43335,43340,43342,43372,43375,43382,43387,43392,43396,43399,43407,43410,43488,43491,43513,43515,43519,43522,43526,43532,43595,43599,43607,43611,43614,43616,43641,43661],[10,42483,42479],{"id":42484},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42486,3823,42487,42489],{},[15,42488,35257],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42491,42492],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[43,42494,46],{"id":45},[48,42496,42498],{"className":50,"code":42497,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42499,42500,42510,42520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42501,42502,42504,42506,42508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42503,32382],{"class":101},[57,42505,105],{"class":71},[57,42507,1007],{"class":101},[57,42509,316],{"class":71},[57,42511,42512,42514,42516,42518],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,42513,32382],{"class":101},[57,42515,105],{"class":71},[57,42517,1103],{"class":1102},[57,42519,316],{"class":71},[57,42521,42522,42524,42526,42528,42530,42532],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,42523,32382],{"class":101},[57,42525,105],{"class":71},[57,42527,3543],{"class":169},[57,42529,34889],{"class":173},[57,42531,3543],{"class":169},[57,42533,316],{"class":71},[20,42535,1806,42536,42538,42539,3122,42541,42543,42544,42547],{},[15,42537,35257],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42540,1007],{},[15,42542,1103],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42545,42546],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[43,42549,42551],{"id":42550},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42553,42554,42556],{},[15,42555,35257],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42558,42559],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[30,42561,42562,42565,42568,42571,42574],{},[33,42563,42564],{},"Functions",[33,42566,42567],{},"Classes",[33,42569,42570],{},"Methods",[33,42572,42573],{},"Modules",[33,42575,42576],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42578,42579],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42581,42582,42583,42587],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[614,42584,42585],{"href":1037},[15,42586,1033],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[48,42589,42591],{"className":50,"code":42590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\n",[15,42592,42593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42594,42595,42597,42599,42601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42596,32382],{"class":101},[57,42598,105],{"class":71},[57,42600,1007],{"class":101},[57,42602,316],{"class":71},[20,42604,42605],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[43,42607,294],{"id":293},[20,42609,42610],{},"The main form is:",[48,42612,42614],{"className":50,"code":42613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(object)\n",[15,42615,42616],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42617,42618,42620,42622,42625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42619,32382],{"class":101},[57,42621,105],{"class":71},[57,42623,42624],{"class":1102},"object",[57,42626,316],{"class":71},[20,42628,42629],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42631,42632],{},"Common examples include:",[30,42634,42635,42639,42644,42648],{},[33,42636,42637],{},[15,42638,1007],{},[33,42640,42641],{},[15,42642,42643],{},"list.append",[33,42645,42646],{},[15,42647,1103],{},[33,42649,42650],{},[15,42651,42652],{},"open",[20,42654,7406,42655,7409],{},[15,42656,35257],{},[48,42658,42660],{"className":50,"code":42659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help()\n",[15,42661,42662],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42663,42664,42666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42665,32382],{"class":101},[57,42667,8870],{"class":71},[20,42669,42670],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[43,42672,42674],{"id":42673},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[943,42676,42678],{"id":42677},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42680,42681,42682,2441,42684,2441,42686,17302,42689,620],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42683,1007],{},[15,42685,102],{},[15,42687,42688],{},"input",[614,42690,42691],{"href":2549},[15,42692,2552],{},[48,42694,42696],{"className":50,"code":42695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42697,42698,42708,42718],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42699,42700,42702,42704,42706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42701,32382],{"class":101},[57,42703,105],{"class":71},[57,42705,102],{"class":101},[57,42707,316],{"class":71},[57,42709,42710,42712,42714,42716],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,42711,32382],{"class":101},[57,42713,105],{"class":71},[57,42715,42688],{"class":101},[57,42717,316],{"class":71},[57,42719,42720,42722,42724,42726],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,42721,32382],{"class":101},[57,42723,105],{"class":71},[57,42725,1886],{"class":1102},[57,42727,316],{"class":71},[943,42729,42731],{"id":42730},"data-types","Data types",[20,42733,42734,42735,2441,42737,2441,42739,17302,42741,620],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42736,1103],{},[15,42738,8321],{},[15,42740,9049],{},[15,42742,6517],{},[48,42744,42746],{"className":50,"code":42745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42747,42748,42758,42768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42749,42750,42752,42754,42756],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42751,32382],{"class":101},[57,42753,105],{"class":71},[57,42755,1103],{"class":1102},[57,42757,316],{"class":71},[57,42759,42760,42762,42764,42766],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,42761,32382],{"class":101},[57,42763,105],{"class":71},[57,42765,8321],{"class":1102},[57,42767,316],{"class":71},[57,42769,42770,42772,42774,42776],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,42771,32382],{"class":101},[57,42773,105],{"class":71},[57,42775,9049],{"class":1102},[57,42777,316],{"class":71},[20,42779,42780],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[943,42782,42570],{"id":34736},[20,42784,42785,42786,1242,42789,620],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42787,42788],{},"str.split",[15,42790,42643],{},[48,42792,42794],{"className":50,"code":42793,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42795,42796,42810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42797,42798,42800,42802,42804,42806,42808],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42799,32382],{"class":101},[57,42801,105],{"class":71},[57,42803,1103],{"class":1102},[57,42805,620],{"class":71},[57,42807,34699],{"class":1108},[57,42809,316],{"class":71},[57,42811,42812,42814,42816,42818,42820,42822],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,42813,32382],{"class":101},[57,42815,105],{"class":71},[57,42817,8321],{"class":1102},[57,42819,620],{"class":71},[57,42821,13783],{"class":1108},[57,42823,316],{"class":71},[20,42825,42826,42827,8932,42829,28544,42834,42836,42837,42839],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42828,35257],{},[614,42830,42832],{"href":42831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42833,34541],{},[15,42835,34541],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42838,35257],{}," explains one of them.",[943,42841,42573],{"id":34889},[20,42843,42844,42845,2441,42847,17302,42849,620],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42846,18648],{},[15,42848,35420],{},[15,42850,42851],{},"os",[48,42853,42855],{"className":50,"code":42854,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42856,42857,42863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42858,42859,42861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42860,35321],{"class":1962},[57,42862,35324],{"class":63},[57,42864,42865,42867,42869,42871],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,42866,32382],{"class":101},[57,42868,105],{"class":71},[57,42870,18648],{"class":113},[57,42872,316],{"class":71},[20,42874,42875,42876,42880,42881,620],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[614,42877,42879],{"href":42878},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[614,42882,35387],{"href":42883},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[43,42885,35148],{"id":35147},[20,42887,42888,42890],{},[15,42889,35257],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42892,42893],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[30,42895,42896,42899,42902,42905],{},[33,42897,42898],{},"The function signature",[33,42900,42901],{},"The short description",[33,42903,42904],{},"Parameter names",[33,42906,42907],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42909,5703],{},[48,42911,42913],{"className":50,"code":42912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42914,42915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42916,42917,42919,42921,42923,42925,42927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42918,32382],{"class":101},[57,42920,105],{"class":71},[57,42922,1103],{"class":1102},[57,42924,620],{"class":71},[57,42926,34699],{"class":1108},[57,42928,316],{"class":71},[20,42930,42931],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[30,42933,42934,42937,42940,42942],{},[33,42935,42936],{},"What object this is",[33,42938,42939],{},"What arguments it accepts",[33,42941,22200],{},[33,42943,42944],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42946,42947],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[43,42949,42951],{"id":42950},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42953,42954,30103],{},[15,42955,35257],{},[30,42957,42958,42961,42964,42967],{},[33,42959,42960],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[33,42962,42963],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[33,42965,42966],{},"You are exploring a new module",[33,42968,42969],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42971,42972],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[48,42974,42975],{"className":50,"code":42912,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,42976,42977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,42978,42979,42981,42983,42985,42987,42989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,42980,32382],{"class":101},[57,42982,105],{"class":71},[57,42984,1103],{"class":1102},[57,42986,620],{"class":71},[57,42988,34699],{"class":1108},[57,42990,316],{"class":71},[20,42992,42993],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[48,42995,42997],{"className":50,"code":42996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(open)\n",[15,42998,42999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43000,43001,43003,43005,43007],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43002,32382],{"class":101},[57,43004,105],{"class":71},[57,43006,42652],{"class":101},[57,43008,316],{"class":71},[43,43010,43012],{"id":43011},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,43014,43015,43017],{},[15,43016,35257],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[30,43019,43020,43023,43026,43029],{},[33,43021,43022],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[33,43024,43025],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[33,43027,43028],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[33,43030,43031],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,43033,43034,43035,43037],{},"So, ",[15,43036,35257],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,43039,5703],{},[48,43041,43043],{"className":50,"code":43042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,43044,43045,43058,43081,43085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43046,43047,43049,43051,43053,43056],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43048,34918],{"class":63},[57,43050,68],{"class":67},[57,43052,181],{"class":169},[57,43054,43055],{"class":173},"a,b,c",[57,43057,3602],{"class":169},[57,43059,43060,43063,43065,43067,43069,43071,43073,43075,43077,43079],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,43061,43062],{"class":63},"parts ",[57,43064,68],{"class":67},[57,43066,1212],{"class":63},[57,43068,620],{"class":71},[57,43070,34699],{"class":113},[57,43072,105],{"class":71},[57,43074,170],{"class":169},[57,43076,79],{"class":173},[57,43078,170],{"class":169},[57,43080,316],{"class":71},[57,43082,43083],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,43084,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,43086,43087,43089,43091,43094],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,43088,102],{"class":101},[57,43090,105],{"class":71},[57,43092,43093],{"class":113},"parts",[57,43095,316],{"class":71},[20,43097,5791],{},[48,43099,43101],{"className":50,"code":43100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43102,43103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43104,43105,43107,43109,43111,43113,43115,43117,43119,43121,43123,43125,43127,43129],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43106,1785],{"class":71},[57,43108,3543],{"class":169},[57,43110,614],{"class":173},[57,43112,3543],{"class":169},[57,43114,79],{"class":71},[57,43116,3538],{"class":169},[57,43118,4993],{"class":173},[57,43120,3543],{"class":169},[57,43122,79],{"class":71},[57,43124,3538],{"class":169},[57,43126,9966],{"class":173},[57,43128,3543],{"class":169},[57,43130,95],{"class":71},[20,43132,43133],{},"A good workflow is:",[28944,43135,43136,43141,43144,43147],{},[33,43137,1806,43138,43140],{},[15,43139,35257],{}," to inspect something",[33,43142,43143],{},"Write a tiny example",[33,43145,43146],{},"Check the result",[33,43148,43149],{},"Repeat",[43,43151,43153],{"id":43152},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43155,43156,1242,43158,43160],{},[15,43157,35257],{},[15,43159,34541],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[943,43162,43163],{"id":32382},[15,43164,35257],{},[20,43166,1806,43167,43169],{},[15,43168,35257],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43171,43172],{},"It tells you:",[30,43174,43175,43178,43181],{},[33,43176,43177],{},"What something is",[33,43179,43180],{},"How to use it",[33,43182,43183],{},"What parameters it accepts",[943,43185,43186],{"id":34602},[15,43187,34541],{},[20,43189,1806,43190,43192],{},[15,43191,34541],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[48,43194,43196],{"className":50,"code":43195,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dir(str)\n",[15,43197,43198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43199,43200,43202,43204,43206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43201,34602],{"class":101},[57,43203,105],{"class":71},[57,43205,1103],{"class":1102},[57,43207,316],{"class":71},[20,43209,43210,43211,2441,43213,17302,43215,620],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43212,34699],{},[15,43214,8862],{},[15,43216,1109],{},[20,43218,43219,43220,270],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43221,35257],{},[48,43223,43225],{"className":50,"code":43224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43226,43227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43228,43229,43231,43233,43235,43237,43239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43230,32382],{"class":101},[57,43232,105],{"class":71},[57,43234,1103],{"class":1102},[57,43236,620],{"class":71},[57,43238,1109],{"class":1108},[57,43240,316],{"class":71},[20,43242,43243],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[30,43245,43246,43251],{},[33,43247,1806,43248,43250],{},[15,43249,34541],{}," to discover options",[33,43252,1806,43253,43255],{},[15,43254,35257],{}," to understand one option",[43,43257,1829],{"id":1828},[20,43259,43260,43261,620],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43262,35257],{},[943,43264,443,43266,43269,43270],{"id":43265},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43267,43268],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43271,43272],{},"help(len)",[20,43274,43275],{},"These are not always the same.",[48,43277,43279],{"className":50,"code":43278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43280,43281,43291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43282,43283,43285,43287,43289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43284,32382],{"class":101},[57,43286,105],{"class":71},[57,43288,1007],{"class":101},[57,43290,316],{"class":71},[57,43292,43293,43295,43297,43299,43301,43303],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,43294,32382],{"class":101},[57,43296,105],{"class":71},[57,43298,3543],{"class":169},[57,43300,1007],{"class":173},[57,43302,3543],{"class":169},[57,43304,316],{"class":71},[20,43306,43307,43309],{},[15,43308,43272],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43311,43312,43314,43315,43318],{},[15,43313,43268],{}," treats ",[15,43316,43317],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[943,43320,43322],{"id":43321},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43324,43325,43327],{},[15,43326,35257],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43329,43330],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[943,43332,43334],{"id":43333},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43336,40572,43337,43339],{},[15,43338,35257],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43341,864],{},[48,43343,43345],{"className":50,"code":43344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43346,43347,43357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43348,43349,43351,43353,43355],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43350,32382],{"class":101},[57,43352,105],{"class":71},[57,43354,1007],{"class":101},[57,43356,316],{"class":71},[57,43358,43359,43361,43363,43365,43368,43370],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,43360,102],{"class":101},[57,43362,105],{"class":71},[57,43364,170],{"class":169},[57,43366,43367],{"class":173},"Done",[57,43369,170],{"class":169},[57,43371,316],{"class":71},[20,43373,43374],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[943,43376,37434,43378,8932,43380],{"id":43377},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43379,35257],{},[15,43381,34541],{},[20,43383,43384,43385,620],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43386,34541],{},[20,43388,43389,43390,620],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43391,35257],{},[43,43393,43395],{"id":43394},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43397,43398],{},"Open Python:",[48,43400,43401],{"className":50,"code":35773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,43402,43403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43404,43405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43406,35773],{"class":63},[20,43408,43409],{},"Then test these commands:",[48,43411,43413],{"className":50,"code":43412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43414,43415,43425,43439,43453,43463,43478],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43416,43417,43419,43421,43423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43418,32382],{"class":101},[57,43420,105],{"class":71},[57,43422,1007],{"class":101},[57,43424,316],{"class":71},[57,43426,43427,43429,43431,43433,43435,43437],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,43428,32382],{"class":101},[57,43430,105],{"class":71},[57,43432,1103],{"class":1102},[57,43434,620],{"class":71},[57,43436,34699],{"class":1108},[57,43438,316],{"class":71},[57,43440,43441,43443,43445,43447,43449,43451],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,43442,32382],{"class":101},[57,43444,105],{"class":71},[57,43446,8321],{"class":1102},[57,43448,620],{"class":71},[57,43450,13783],{"class":1108},[57,43452,316],{"class":71},[57,43454,43455,43457,43459,43461],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,43456,32382],{"class":101},[57,43458,105],{"class":71},[57,43460,42652],{"class":101},[57,43462,316],{"class":71},[57,43464,43465,43467,43469,43471,43474,43476],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,43466,32382],{"class":101},[57,43468,105],{"class":71},[57,43470,3543],{"class":169},[57,43472,43473],{"class":173},"keywords",[57,43475,3543],{"class":169},[57,43477,316],{"class":71},[57,43479,43480,43482,43484,43486],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,43481,34602],{"class":101},[57,43483,105],{"class":71},[57,43485,1103],{"class":1102},[57,43487,316],{"class":71},[20,43489,43490],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[30,43492,43493,43496,43499,43502,43505,43508],{},[33,43494,43495],{},"A built-in function",[33,43497,43498],{},"A string method",[33,43500,43501],{},"A list method",[33,43503,43504],{},"A built-in file function",[33,43506,43507],{},"A special help topic",[33,43509,15419,43510,43512],{},[15,43511,34541],{}," example for comparison",[43,43514,2011],{"id":2010},[943,43516,43518],{"id":43517},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43520,43521],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[943,43523,43525],{"id":43524},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43527,43528,43529,43531],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43530,35257],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[48,43533,43535],{"className":50,"code":43534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43536,43537,43549,43562,43581,43585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43538,43539,43541,43543,43545,43547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43540,35081],{"class":1208},[57,43542,35085],{"class":35084},[57,43544,105],{"class":71},[57,43546,7898],{"class":1211},[57,43548,8570],{"class":71},[57,43550,43551,43555,43559],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,43552,43554],{"class":43553},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[57,43556,43558],{"class":43557},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[57,43560,43561],{"class":43553},"\"\"\"\n",[57,43563,43564,43566,43569,43572,43574,43576,43578],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,43565,35092],{"class":1962},[57,43567,43568],{"class":1208}," f",[57,43570,43571],{"class":173},"\"Hello, ",[57,43573,9505],{"class":75},[57,43575,7898],{"class":63},[57,43577,22533],{"class":75},[57,43579,43580],{"class":173},"!\"\n",[57,43582,43583],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,43584,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,43586,43587,43589,43591,43593],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,43588,32382],{"class":101},[57,43590,105],{"class":71},[57,43592,35127],{"class":113},[57,43594,316],{"class":71},[943,43596,43598],{"id":43597},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43600,43601,43603,43604,43606],{},[15,43602,43272],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43605,43268],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[943,43608,43610],{"id":43609},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43612,43613],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[43,43615,2135],{"id":2134},[30,43617,43618,43623,43627,43632,43637],{},[33,43619,43620],{},[614,43621,43622],{"href":42831},"Python dir() function explained",[33,43624,43625],{},[614,43626,8670],{"href":2549},[33,43628,43629],{},[614,43630,43631],{"href":1037},"Python len() function explained",[33,43633,43634],{},[614,43635,43636],{"href":42878},"How import works in Python",[33,43638,43639],{},[614,43640,35387],{"href":42883},[20,43642,43643,43644,43646,43647,2441,43649,17302,43651,43653,43654,3122,43657,43660],{},"Try ",[15,43645,35257],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43648,1007],{},[15,43650,102],{},[15,43652,42688],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43655,43656],{},"dir(str)",[15,43658,43659],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2172,43662,43663],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":43665},[43666,43667,43668,43669,43675,43676,43677,43678,43682,43690,43691,43697],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":42550,"depth":98,"text":42551},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":42673,"depth":98,"text":42674,"children":43670},[43671,43672,43673,43674],{"id":42677,"depth":120,"text":42678},{"id":42730,"depth":120,"text":42731},{"id":34736,"depth":120,"text":42570},{"id":34889,"depth":120,"text":42573},{"id":35147,"depth":98,"text":35148},{"id":42950,"depth":98,"text":42951},{"id":43011,"depth":98,"text":43012},{"id":43152,"depth":98,"text":43153,"children":43679},[43680,43681],{"id":32382,"depth":120,"text":35257},{"id":34602,"depth":120,"text":34541},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":43683},[43684,43686,43687,43688],{"id":43265,"depth":120,"text":43685},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43321,"depth":120,"text":43322},{"id":43333,"depth":120,"text":43334},{"id":43377,"depth":120,"text":43689},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43394,"depth":98,"text":43395},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":43692},[43693,43694,43695,43696],{"id":43517,"depth":120,"text":43518},{"id":43524,"depth":120,"text":43525},{"id":43597,"depth":120,"text":43598},{"id":43609,"depth":120,"text":43610},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42479,"description":43698},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43704,"title":43705,"body":43706,"description":45068,"extension":2219,"meta":45069,"navigation":123,"path":45070,"seo":45071,"stem":45072,"__hash__":45073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43707,"toc":45041},[43708,43714,43719,43725,43735,43794,43804,43815,43820,43826,43828,43846,43854,43856,43858,43873,43876,43887,43889,43980,43983,43987,43992,44013,44015,44126,44128,44155,44166,44170,44173,44256,44258,44266,44272,44278,44282,44285,44395,44397,44410,44413,44427,44435,44442,44447,44461,44467,44580,44582,44643,44646,44652,44658,44661,44683,44686,44756,44759,44791,44798,44800,44803,44821,44824,44836,44842,44844,44849,44875,44878,44950,44952,44958,44961,44967,44970,44976,44986,44992,44995,45002,45005,45007,45038],[10,43709,13,43711,18],{"id":43710},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43712,43713],{},"id()",[20,43715,32547,43716,43718],{},[15,43717,43713],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43720,43721,43722,43724],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43723,43713],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43726,1806,43727,43729,43730,43732,43733,620],{},[15,43728,43713],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[1399,43731,1401],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43734,4920],{},[48,43736,43738],{"className":50,"code":43737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43739,43740,43752,43766,43770,43780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43741,43742,43744,43746,43748,43750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43743,8103],{"class":63},[57,43745,68],{"class":67},[57,43747,181],{"class":169},[57,43749,7527],{"class":173},[57,43751,3602],{"class":169},[57,43753,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,43755,102],{"class":101},[57,43757,105],{"class":71},[57,43759,12878],{"class":101},[57,43761,105],{"class":71},[57,43763,7898],{"class":113},[57,43765,117],{"class":71},[57,43767,43768],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,43769,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,43771,43772,43775,43777],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,43773,43774],{"class":63},"other ",[57,43776,68],{"class":67},[57,43778,43779],{"class":63}," name\n",[57,43781,43782,43784,43786,43788,43790,43792],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,43783,102],{"class":101},[57,43785,105],{"class":71},[57,43787,12878],{"class":101},[57,43789,105],{"class":71},[57,43791,30973],{"class":113},[57,43793,117],{"class":71},[20,43795,43796,43797,43800,43801,43803],{},"In this example, ",[15,43798,43799],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43802,43713],{}," values match.",[43805,43806,43807],"blockquote",{},[20,43808,1806,43809,43811,43812,43814],{},[15,43810,43713],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43813,4920],{}," for value comparison.",[43,43816,262,43818,265],{"id":43817},"what-id-does",[15,43819,43713],{},[20,43821,43822,43825],{},[15,43823,43824],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43827,13282],{},[30,43829,43830,43833,43840,43843],{},[33,43831,43832],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[33,43834,43835,43836,43839],{},"It shows ",[1399,43837,43838],{},"object identity",", not object value",[33,43841,43842],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[33,43844,43845],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43847,43848,43849,43853],{},"This is closely related to how ",[614,43850,43852],{"href":43851},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[43,43855,294],{"id":293},[20,43857,5665],{},[48,43859,43861],{"className":50,"code":43860,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"id(object)\n",[15,43862,43863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43864,43865,43867,43869,43871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43866,12878],{"class":101},[57,43868,105],{"class":71},[57,43870,42624],{"class":1102},[57,43872,316],{"class":71},[20,43874,43875],{},"Important details:",[30,43877,43878,43881,43884],{},[33,43879,43880],{},"It takes one argument",[33,43882,43883],{},"It returns an integer",[33,43885,43886],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43888,864],{},[48,43890,43892],{"className":50,"code":43891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43893,43894,43906,43914,43934,43938,43952,43966],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,43895,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,43897,34918],{"class":63},[57,43899,68],{"class":67},[57,43901,181],{"class":169},[57,43903,4084],{"class":173},[57,43905,3602],{"class":169},[57,43907,43908,43910,43912],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,43909,2469],{"class":63},[57,43911,68],{"class":67},[57,43913,701],{"class":75},[57,43915,43916,43918,43920,43922,43924,43926,43928,43930,43932],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,43917,1147],{"class":63},[57,43919,68],{"class":67},[57,43921,72],{"class":71},[57,43923,3231],{"class":75},[57,43925,79],{"class":71},[57,43927,87],{"class":75},[57,43929,79],{"class":71},[57,43931,1793],{"class":75},[57,43933,95],{"class":71},[57,43935,43936],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,43937,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,43939,43940,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,43941,102],{"class":101},[57,43943,105],{"class":71},[57,43945,12878],{"class":101},[57,43947,105],{"class":71},[57,43949,1222],{"class":113},[57,43951,117],{"class":71},[57,43953,43954,43956,43958,43960,43962,43964],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,43955,102],{"class":101},[57,43957,105],{"class":71},[57,43959,12878],{"class":101},[57,43961,105],{"class":71},[57,43963,2490],{"class":113},[57,43965,117],{"class":71},[57,43967,43968,43970,43972,43974,43976,43978],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,43969,102],{"class":101},[57,43971,105],{"class":71},[57,43973,12878],{"class":101},[57,43975,105],{"class":71},[57,43977,1199],{"class":113},[57,43979,117],{"class":71},[20,43981,43982],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[43,43984,43986],{"id":43985},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43988,43989,43990,620],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43991,43713],{},[30,43993,43994,44001,44008],{},[33,43995,43996,43998,43999],{},[15,43997,4920],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[1399,44000,364],{},[33,44002,44003,44005,44006],{},[15,44004,1481],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[1399,44007,42624],{},[33,44009,44010,44012],{},[15,44011,43713],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,44014,864],{},[48,44016,44018],{"className":50,"code":44017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,44019,44020,44040,44060,44064,44081,44098,44112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44021,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034,44036,44038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44023,686],{"class":63},[57,44025,68],{"class":67},[57,44027,72],{"class":71},[57,44029,3231],{"class":75},[57,44031,79],{"class":71},[57,44033,87],{"class":75},[57,44035,79],{"class":71},[57,44037,1793],{"class":75},[57,44039,95],{"class":71},[57,44041,44042,44044,44046,44048,44050,44052,44054,44056,44058],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44043,696],{"class":63},[57,44045,68],{"class":67},[57,44047,72],{"class":71},[57,44049,3231],{"class":75},[57,44051,79],{"class":71},[57,44053,87],{"class":75},[57,44055,79],{"class":71},[57,44057,1793],{"class":75},[57,44059,95],{"class":71},[57,44061,44062],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,44063,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,44065,44066,44068,44070,44072,44074,44076,44078],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,44067,102],{"class":101},[57,44069,105],{"class":71},[57,44071,686],{"class":113},[57,44073,4920],{"class":67},[57,44075,733],{"class":113},[57,44077,1959],{"class":71},[57,44079,44080],{"class":3903},"   # True\n",[57,44082,44083,44085,44087,44089,44091,44093,44095],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,44084,102],{"class":101},[57,44086,105],{"class":71},[57,44088,686],{"class":113},[57,44090,1481],{"class":1962},[57,44092,733],{"class":113},[57,44094,1959],{"class":71},[57,44096,44097],{"class":3903},"   # False\n",[57,44099,44100,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,44101,102],{"class":101},[57,44103,105],{"class":71},[57,44105,12878],{"class":101},[57,44107,105],{"class":71},[57,44109,614],{"class":113},[57,44111,117],{"class":71},[57,44113,44114,44116,44118,44120,44122,44124],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,44115,102],{"class":101},[57,44117,105],{"class":71},[57,44119,12878],{"class":101},[57,44121,105],{"class":71},[57,44123,4993],{"class":113},[57,44125,117],{"class":71},[20,44127,2430],{},[30,44129,44130,44138,44146],{},[33,44131,44132,5016,44135,44137],{},[15,44133,44134],{},"a == b",[15,44136,3845],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[33,44139,44140,5016,44143,44145],{},[15,44141,44142],{},"a is b",[15,44144,3914],{}," because they are different list objects",[33,44147,44148,1242,44151,44154],{},[15,44149,44150],{},"id(a)",[15,44152,44153],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44156,44157,44158,1242,44162,620],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[614,44159,44161],{"href":44160},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[614,44163,44165],{"href":44164},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[43,44167,44169],{"id":44168},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44171,44172],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[48,44174,44176],{"className":50,"code":44175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44177,44178,44198,44208,44212,44226,44241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44179,44180,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44181,64],{"class":63},[57,44183,68],{"class":67},[57,44185,72],{"class":71},[57,44187,1561],{"class":75},[57,44189,79],{"class":71},[57,44191,1617],{"class":75},[57,44193,79],{"class":71},[57,44195,1575],{"class":75},[57,44197,95],{"class":71},[57,44199,44200,44203,44205],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44201,44202],{"class":63},"other_numbers ",[57,44204,68],{"class":67},[57,44206,44207],{"class":63}," numbers\n",[57,44209,44210],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,44211,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,44213,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222,44224],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,44215,102],{"class":101},[57,44217,105],{"class":71},[57,44219,12878],{"class":101},[57,44221,105],{"class":71},[57,44223,114],{"class":113},[57,44225,117],{"class":71},[57,44227,44228,44230,44232,44234,44236,44239],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,44229,102],{"class":101},[57,44231,105],{"class":71},[57,44233,12878],{"class":101},[57,44235,105],{"class":71},[57,44237,44238],{"class":113},"other_numbers",[57,44240,117],{"class":71},[57,44242,44243,44245,44247,44249,44251,44254],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,44244,102],{"class":101},[57,44246,105],{"class":71},[57,44248,64],{"class":113},[57,44250,1481],{"class":1962},[57,44252,44253],{"class":113}," other_numbers",[57,44255,316],{"class":71},[20,44257,5791],{},[48,44259,44260],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,44261,44262],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44263,44264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44265,4214],{"class":1523},[20,44267,44268,44269,44271],{},"The two ",[15,44270,43713],{}," values will also match.",[20,44273,22419,44274,44277],{},[15,44275,44276],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[43,44279,44281],{"id":44280},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44283,44284],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[48,44286,44288],{"className":50,"code":44287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44289,44290,44311,44332,44336,44351,44365,44380],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44291,44292,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44307,44309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44293,44294],{"class":63},"list_a ",[57,44296,68],{"class":67},[57,44298,72],{"class":71},[57,44300,3231],{"class":75},[57,44302,79],{"class":71},[57,44304,87],{"class":75},[57,44306,79],{"class":71},[57,44308,1793],{"class":75},[57,44310,95],{"class":71},[57,44312,44313,44316,44318,44320,44322,44324,44326,44328,44330],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44314,44315],{"class":63},"list_b ",[57,44317,68],{"class":67},[57,44319,72],{"class":71},[57,44321,3231],{"class":75},[57,44323,79],{"class":71},[57,44325,87],{"class":75},[57,44327,79],{"class":71},[57,44329,1793],{"class":75},[57,44331,95],{"class":71},[57,44333,44334],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,44335,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,44337,44338,44340,44342,44344,44346,44349],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,44339,102],{"class":101},[57,44341,105],{"class":71},[57,44343,44294],{"class":113},[57,44345,4920],{"class":67},[57,44347,44348],{"class":113}," list_b",[57,44350,316],{"class":71},[57,44352,44353,44355,44357,44359,44361,44363],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,44354,102],{"class":101},[57,44356,105],{"class":71},[57,44358,44294],{"class":113},[57,44360,1481],{"class":1962},[57,44362,44348],{"class":113},[57,44364,316],{"class":71},[57,44366,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375,44378],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,44368,102],{"class":101},[57,44370,105],{"class":71},[57,44372,12878],{"class":101},[57,44374,105],{"class":71},[57,44376,44377],{"class":113},"list_a",[57,44379,117],{"class":71},[57,44381,44382,44384,44386,44388,44390,44393],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,44383,102],{"class":101},[57,44385,105],{"class":71},[57,44387,12878],{"class":101},[57,44389,105],{"class":71},[57,44391,44392],{"class":113},"list_b",[57,44394,117],{"class":71},[20,44396,5791],{},[48,44398,44400],{"className":50,"code":44399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44401,44402,44406],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44403,44404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44405,4214],{"class":1523},[57,44407,44408],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44409,4275],{"class":1523},[20,44411,44412],{},"What this means:",[30,44414,44415,44418,44421],{},[33,44416,44417],{},"The lists are equal in value",[33,44419,44420],{},"They are not the same object",[33,44422,44423,44424,44426],{},"Their ",[15,44425,43713],{}," values are usually different",[20,44428,44429,44430,44432,44433,620],{},"This is why ",[15,44431,43713],{}," should not replace ",[15,44434,4920],{},[43,44436,44438,44439,44441],{"id":44437},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44440,43713],{}," is useful",[20,44443,44444,44446],{},[15,44445,43713],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[30,44448,44449,44452,44455,44458],{},[33,44450,44451],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[33,44453,44454],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[33,44456,44457],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[33,44459,44460],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44462,44463,44464,44466],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44465,43713],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[48,44468,44470],{"className":50,"code":44469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44471,44472,44496,44505,44509,44528,44532,44542,44552,44566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44473,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44475,12315],{"class":63},[57,44477,68],{"class":67},[57,44479,72],{"class":71},[57,44481,170],{"class":169},[57,44483,614],{"class":173},[57,44485,170],{"class":169},[57,44487,79],{"class":71},[57,44489,181],{"class":169},[57,44491,4993],{"class":173},[57,44493,170],{"class":169},[57,44495,95],{"class":71},[57,44497,44498,44501,44503],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44499,44500],{"class":63},"copy_ref ",[57,44502,68],{"class":67},[57,44504,12353],{"class":63},[57,44506,44507],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,44508,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,44510,44511,44514,44516,44518,44520,44522,44524,44526],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,44512,44513],{"class":63},"copy_ref",[57,44515,620],{"class":71},[57,44517,13783],{"class":113},[57,44519,105],{"class":71},[57,44521,170],{"class":169},[57,44523,9966],{"class":173},[57,44525,170],{"class":169},[57,44527,316],{"class":71},[57,44529,44530],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,44531,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,44533,44534,44536,44538,44540],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,44535,102],{"class":101},[57,44537,105],{"class":71},[57,44539,12362],{"class":113},[57,44541,316],{"class":71},[57,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,44545,102],{"class":101},[57,44547,105],{"class":71},[57,44549,44513],{"class":113},[57,44551,316],{"class":71},[57,44553,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,44555,102],{"class":101},[57,44557,105],{"class":71},[57,44559,12878],{"class":101},[57,44561,105],{"class":71},[57,44563,12362],{"class":113},[57,44565,117],{"class":71},[57,44567,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,44569,102],{"class":101},[57,44571,105],{"class":71},[57,44573,12878],{"class":101},[57,44575,105],{"class":71},[57,44577,44513],{"class":113},[57,44579,117],{"class":71},[20,44581,5791],{},[48,44583,44585],{"className":50,"code":44584,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44586,44587,44615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44588,44589,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599,44601,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44590,1785],{"class":71},[57,44592,3543],{"class":169},[57,44594,614],{"class":173},[57,44596,3543],{"class":169},[57,44598,79],{"class":71},[57,44600,3538],{"class":169},[57,44602,4993],{"class":173},[57,44604,3543],{"class":169},[57,44606,79],{"class":71},[57,44608,3538],{"class":169},[57,44610,9966],{"class":173},[57,44612,3543],{"class":169},[57,44614,95],{"class":71},[57,44616,44617,44619,44621,44623,44625,44627,44629,44631,44633,44635,44637,44639,44641],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44618,1785],{"class":71},[57,44620,3543],{"class":169},[57,44622,614],{"class":173},[57,44624,3543],{"class":169},[57,44626,79],{"class":71},[57,44628,3538],{"class":169},[57,44630,4993],{"class":173},[57,44632,3543],{"class":169},[57,44634,79],{"class":71},[57,44636,3538],{"class":169},[57,44638,9966],{"class":173},[57,44640,3543],{"class":169},[57,44642,95],{"class":71},[20,44644,44645],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[43,44647,44649,44650],{"id":44648},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44651,43713],{},[20,44653,44654,44655,44657],{},"Do not use ",[15,44656,43713],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44659,44660],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[30,44662,44663,44669,44675,44678],{},[33,44664,44665,44666,44668],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44667,4920],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[33,44670,44671,44672,44674],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44673,43713],{}," values across program runs",[33,44676,44677],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[33,44679,44680,44681],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44682,43713],{},[20,44684,44685],{},"Bad example:",[48,44687,44689],{"className":50,"code":44688,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44690,44691,44703,44715,44719,44741],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44692,44693,44695,44697,44699,44701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44694,686],{"class":63},[57,44696,68],{"class":67},[57,44698,181],{"class":169},[57,44700,964],{"class":173},[57,44702,3602],{"class":169},[57,44704,44705,44707,44709,44711,44713],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44706,696],{"class":63},[57,44708,68],{"class":67},[57,44710,181],{"class":169},[57,44712,964],{"class":173},[57,44714,3602],{"class":169},[57,44716,44717],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,44718,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,44720,44721,44723,44725,44727,44729,44731,44733,44735,44737,44739],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,44722,7228],{"class":1962},[57,44724,15047],{"class":101},[57,44726,105],{"class":71},[57,44728,614],{"class":113},[57,44730,1959],{"class":71},[57,44732,6638],{"class":67},[57,44734,15047],{"class":101},[57,44736,105],{"class":71},[57,44738,4993],{"class":113},[57,44740,8570],{"class":71},[57,44742,44743,44745,44747,44749,44752,44754],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,44744,8296],{"class":101},[57,44746,105],{"class":71},[57,44748,170],{"class":169},[57,44750,44751],{"class":173},"The values are equal",[57,44753,170],{"class":169},[57,44755,316],{"class":71},[20,44757,44758],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[48,44760,44762],{"className":50,"code":44761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44763,44764,44777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44765,44766,44768,44771,44773,44775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44767,7228],{"class":1962},[57,44769,44770],{"class":63}," a ",[57,44772,4920],{"class":67},[57,44774,733],{"class":63},[57,44776,6623],{"class":71},[57,44778,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44780,8296],{"class":101},[57,44782,105],{"class":71},[57,44784,170],{"class":169},[57,44786,44751],{"class":173},[57,44788,170],{"class":169},[57,44790,316],{"class":71},[20,44792,1806,44793,3122,44795,44797],{},[15,44794,1481],{},[15,44796,43713],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[43,44799,21031],{"id":21030},[20,44801,44802],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[30,44804,44805,44808,44811,44816],{},[33,44806,44807],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[33,44809,44810],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[33,44812,44813,44814],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44815,43713],{},[33,44817,44818,44819],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44820,43713],{},[20,44822,44823],{},"The important rule is:",[30,44825,44826,44831],{},[33,44827,1806,44828,44830],{},[15,44829,4920],{}," to check value",[33,44832,1806,44833,44835],{},[15,44834,1481],{}," to check identity",[20,44837,44838,44839,44841],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44840,43713],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[43,44843,1829],{"id":1828},[20,44845,44846,44847,270],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44848,43713],{},[30,44850,44851,44859,44862,44865,44870],{},[33,44852,443,44853,44855,44856,44858],{},[15,44854,43713],{}," when ",[15,44857,4920],{}," should be used",[33,44860,44861],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[33,44863,44864],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[33,44866,44867,44868],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44869,43713],{},[33,44871,443,44872,44874],{},[15,44873,43713],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44876,44877],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[48,44879,44881],{"className":50,"code":44880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44882,44883,44898,44912,44926,44940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,44884,44885,44887,44889,44891,44893,44896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,44886,102],{"class":101},[57,44888,105],{"class":71},[57,44890,12878],{"class":101},[57,44892,105],{"class":71},[57,44894,44895],{"class":113},"my_object",[57,44897,117],{"class":71},[57,44899,44900,44902,44904,44906,44908,44910],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,44901,102],{"class":101},[57,44903,105],{"class":71},[57,44905,686],{"class":113},[57,44907,4920],{"class":67},[57,44909,733],{"class":113},[57,44911,316],{"class":71},[57,44913,44914,44916,44918,44920,44922,44924],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,44915,102],{"class":101},[57,44917,105],{"class":71},[57,44919,686],{"class":113},[57,44921,1481],{"class":1962},[57,44923,733],{"class":113},[57,44925,316],{"class":71},[57,44927,44928,44930,44932,44934,44936,44938],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,44929,102],{"class":101},[57,44931,105],{"class":71},[57,44933,1886],{"class":1102},[57,44935,105],{"class":71},[57,44937,44895],{"class":113},[57,44939,117],{"class":71},[57,44941,44942,44944,44946,44948],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,44943,32382],{"class":101},[57,44945,105],{"class":71},[57,44947,12878],{"class":101},[57,44949,316],{"class":71},[43,44951,2011],{"id":2010},[943,44953,44955,44956,12945],{"id":44954},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44957,43713],{},[20,44959,44960],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[943,44962,15133,44964,44966],{"id":44963},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44965,43713],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44968,44969],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[943,44971,21651,44973,44975],{"id":44972},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44974,43713],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44977,30500,44978,44980,44981,3122,44983,44985],{},[15,44979,4920],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44982,43713],{},[15,44984,1481],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[943,44987,44989,44990,2053],{"id":44988},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44991,43713],{},[20,44993,44994],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[943,44996,44998,44999,45001],{"id":44997},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,45000,43713],{}," values?",[20,45003,45004],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[43,45006,2135],{"id":2134},[30,45008,45009,45014,45019,45024,45032],{},[33,45010,45011],{},[614,45012,45013],{"href":43851},"Python variables explained for beginners",[33,45015,45016],{},[614,45017,45018],{"href":44160},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[33,45020,45021],{},[614,45022,45023],{"href":44164},"Python data types overview",[33,45025,45026],{},[614,45027,13,45029,2144],{"href":45028},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,45030,45031],{},"isinstance()",[33,45033,45034],{},[614,45035,45037],{"href":45036},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2172,45039,45040],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":45042},[45043,45045,45046,45047,45048,45049,45051,45053,45054,45055,45067],{"id":43817,"depth":98,"text":45044},"What id() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":43985,"depth":98,"text":43986},{"id":44168,"depth":98,"text":44169},{"id":44280,"depth":98,"text":44281},{"id":44437,"depth":98,"text":45050},"When id() is useful",{"id":44648,"depth":98,"text":45052},"When not to use id()",{"id":21030,"depth":98,"text":21031},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":45056},[45057,45059,45061,45063,45065],{"id":44954,"depth":120,"text":45058},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44963,"depth":120,"text":45060},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44972,"depth":120,"text":45062},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44988,"depth":120,"text":45064},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44997,"depth":120,"text":45066},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43705,"description":45068},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45075,"title":42421,"body":45076,"description":46715,"extension":2219,"meta":46716,"navigation":123,"path":46717,"seo":46718,"stem":46719,"__hash__":46720},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45077,"toc":46681},[45078,45083,45088,45091,45093,45136,45141,45144,45149,45154,45157,45173,45175,45219,45221,45248,45250,45265,45267,45269,45271,45287,45289,45301,45304,45338,45341,45366,45371,45373,45378,45382,45385,45387,45435,45437,45470,45476,45487,45489,45541,45543,45574,45576,45580,45584,45627,45633,45639,45691,45699,45704,45708,45799,45801,45834,45837,45839,45899,45901,45927,45937,45939,45943,45948,45953,45955,45992,45994,46013,46016,46020,46023,46079,46091,46100,46102,46129,46136,46143,46147,46150,46187,46190,46196,46233,46235,46239,46245,46263,46268,46316,46320,46409,46412,46419,46421,46423,46428,46446,46448,46491,46497,46514,46516,46578,46580,46582,46588,46596,46602,46608,46617,46627,46631,46639,46641,46643,46678],[10,45079,13,45081,18],{"id":45080},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45082,3201],{},[20,45084,935,45085,45087],{},[15,45086,3201],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45089,45090],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[43,45092,46],{"id":45},[48,45094,45096],{"className":50,"code":45095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45097,45098,45117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45099,45100,45102,45104,45106,45108,45110,45113,45115],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45101,8103],{"class":63},[57,45103,68],{"class":67},[57,45105,8470],{"class":101},[57,45107,105],{"class":71},[57,45109,170],{"class":169},[57,45111,45112],{"class":173},"Enter your name: ",[57,45114,170],{"class":169},[57,45116,316],{"class":71},[57,45118,45119,45121,45123,45125,45128,45130,45132,45134],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45120,102],{"class":101},[57,45122,105],{"class":71},[57,45124,170],{"class":169},[57,45126,45127],{"class":173},"Hello, ",[57,45129,170],{"class":169},[57,45131,2703],{"class":67},[57,45133,36223],{"class":113},[57,45135,316],{"class":71},[20,45137,1806,45138,45140],{},[15,45139,3201],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45142,45143],"hr",{},[43,45145,262,45147,265],{"id":45146},"what-input-does",[15,45148,3201],{},[20,45150,45151,45153],{},[15,45152,3201],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45155,45156],{},"Here is what happens:",[30,45158,45159,45164,45167,45170],{},[33,45160,45161,45163],{},[15,45162,3201],{}," waits for the user to type",[33,45165,45166],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[33,45168,45169],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[33,45171,45172],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45174,864],{},[48,45176,45178],{"className":50,"code":45177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45179,45180,45200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45181,45182,45185,45187,45189,45191,45193,45196,45198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45183,45184],{"class":63},"color ",[57,45186,68],{"class":67},[57,45188,8470],{"class":101},[57,45190,105],{"class":71},[57,45192,170],{"class":169},[57,45194,45195],{"class":173},"What is your favorite color? ",[57,45197,170],{"class":169},[57,45199,316],{"class":71},[57,45201,45202,45204,45206,45208,45211,45213,45215,45217],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45203,102],{"class":101},[57,45205,105],{"class":71},[57,45207,170],{"class":169},[57,45209,45210],{"class":173},"Your favorite color is",[57,45212,170],{"class":169},[57,45214,79],{"class":71},[57,45216,36082],{"class":113},[57,45218,316],{"class":71},[20,45220,30259],{},[48,45222,45224],{"className":50,"code":45223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45225,45226,45239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45227,45228,45230,45232,45235,45237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45229,262],{"class":63},[57,45231,1481],{"class":67},[57,45233,45234],{"class":63}," your favorite color",[57,45236,2053],{"class":37597},[57,45238,36112],{"class":63},[57,45240,45241,45244,45246],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45242,45243],{"class":63},"Your favorite color ",[57,45245,1481],{"class":67},[57,45247,36112],{"class":63},[20,45249,238],{},[30,45251,45252,45257,45262],{},[33,45253,45254,45255],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45256,45195],{},[33,45258,45259,45260],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45261,33121],{},[33,45263,45264],{},"That value is then printed",[45142,45266],{},[43,45268,294],{"id":293},[20,45270,7448],{},[48,45272,45274],{"className":50,"code":45273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45275,45276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45277,45278,45280,45282,45285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45279,42688],{"class":101},[57,45281,105],{"class":71},[57,45283,45284],{"class":113},"prompt",[57,45286,316],{"class":71},[20,45288,11686],{},[30,45290,45291,45295,45298],{},[33,45292,935,45293,20270],{},[15,45294,45284],{},[33,45296,45297],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[33,45299,45300],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45302,45303],{},"Example with a prompt:",[48,45305,45307],{"className":50,"code":45306,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45308,45309,45328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45310,45311,45313,45315,45317,45319,45321,45324,45326],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45312,8188],{"class":63},[57,45314,68],{"class":67},[57,45316,8470],{"class":101},[57,45318,105],{"class":71},[57,45320,170],{"class":169},[57,45322,45323],{"class":173},"Enter your username: ",[57,45325,170],{"class":169},[57,45327,316],{"class":71},[57,45329,45330,45332,45334,45336],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45331,102],{"class":101},[57,45333,105],{"class":71},[57,45335,8212],{"class":113},[57,45337,316],{"class":71},[20,45339,45340],{},"Example without a prompt:",[48,45342,45344],{"className":50,"code":45343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45345,45346,45356],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45347,45348,45350,45352,45354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45349,2696],{"class":63},[57,45351,68],{"class":67},[57,45353,8470],{"class":101},[57,45355,8870],{"class":71},[57,45357,45358,45360,45362,45364],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45359,102],{"class":101},[57,45361,105],{"class":71},[57,45363,364],{"class":113},[57,45365,316],{"class":71},[20,45367,7993,45368,45370],{},[15,45369,3201],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45142,45372],{},[43,45374,262,45376,11934],{"id":45375},"what-input-returns",[15,45377,3201],{},[20,45379,45380,8453],{},[15,45381,3201],{},[20,45383,45384],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45386,864],{},[48,45388,45390],{"className":50,"code":45389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45391,45392,45411,45421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45393,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402,45404,45407,45409],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45395,21858],{"class":63},[57,45397,68],{"class":67},[57,45399,8470],{"class":101},[57,45401,105],{"class":71},[57,45403,170],{"class":169},[57,45405,45406],{"class":173},"Enter your age: ",[57,45408,170],{"class":169},[57,45410,316],{"class":71},[57,45412,45413,45415,45417,45419],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45414,102],{"class":101},[57,45416,105],{"class":71},[57,45418,9526],{"class":113},[57,45420,316],{"class":71},[57,45422,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431,45433],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45424,102],{"class":101},[57,45426,105],{"class":71},[57,45428,1886],{"class":1102},[57,45430,105],{"class":71},[57,45432,9526],{"class":113},[57,45434,117],{"class":71},[20,45436,30259],{},[48,45438,45440],{"className":50,"code":45439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45441,45442,45452,45456],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45443,45444,45447,45449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45445,45446],{"class":63},"Enter your age",[57,45448,270],{"class":71},[57,45450,45451],{"class":75}," 25\n",[57,45453,45454],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45455,2954],{"class":75},[57,45457,45458,45460,45462,45464,45466,45468],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45459,3532],{"class":67},[57,45461,3535],{"class":1208},[57,45463,3538],{"class":169},[57,45465,1103],{"class":173},[57,45467,3543],{"class":169},[57,45469,3546],{"class":67},[20,45471,45472,45473,45475],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45474,9420],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45477,45478,45479,3122,45483,620],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[614,45480,45481],{"href":3118},[15,45482,3121],{},[614,45484,45485],{"href":3125},[15,45486,3128],{},[20,45488,864],{},[48,45490,45492],{"className":50,"code":45491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45493,45494,45517,45527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45495,45496,45498,45500,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45497,21858],{"class":63},[57,45499,68],{"class":67},[57,45501,45502],{"class":1102}," int",[57,45504,105],{"class":71},[57,45506,42688],{"class":101},[57,45508,105],{"class":71},[57,45510,170],{"class":169},[57,45512,45406],{"class":173},[57,45514,170],{"class":169},[57,45516,117],{"class":71},[57,45518,45519,45521,45523,45525],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45520,102],{"class":101},[57,45522,105],{"class":71},[57,45524,9526],{"class":113},[57,45526,316],{"class":71},[57,45528,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45530,102],{"class":101},[57,45532,105],{"class":71},[57,45534,1886],{"class":1102},[57,45536,105],{"class":71},[57,45538,9526],{"class":113},[57,45540,117],{"class":71},[20,45542,30259],{},[48,45544,45546],{"className":50,"code":45545,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45547,45548,45556,45560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45549,45550,45552,45554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45551,45446],{"class":63},[57,45553,270],{"class":71},[57,45555,45451],{"class":75},[57,45557,45558],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45559,2954],{"class":75},[57,45561,45562,45564,45566,45568,45570,45572],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45563,3532],{"class":67},[57,45565,3535],{"class":1208},[57,45567,3538],{"class":169},[57,45569,2440],{"class":173},[57,45571,3543],{"class":169},[57,45573,3546],{"class":67},[45142,45575],{},[43,45577,45579],{"id":45578},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[943,45581,45583],{"id":45582},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[48,45585,45587],{"className":50,"code":45586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45588,45589,45608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45590,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45604,45606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45592,8103],{"class":63},[57,45594,68],{"class":67},[57,45596,8470],{"class":101},[57,45598,105],{"class":71},[57,45600,170],{"class":169},[57,45602,45603],{"class":173},"What is your name? ",[57,45605,170],{"class":169},[57,45607,316],{"class":71},[57,45609,45610,45612,45614,45616,45619,45621,45623,45625],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45611,102],{"class":101},[57,45613,105],{"class":71},[57,45615,170],{"class":169},[57,45617,45618],{"class":173},"Hello,",[57,45620,170],{"class":169},[57,45622,79],{"class":71},[57,45624,36223],{"class":113},[57,45626,316],{"class":71},[20,45628,45629,45630,45632],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45631,7898],{}," and prints it.",[943,45634,45636,45637],{"id":45635},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45638,3121],{},[48,45640,45642],{"className":50,"code":45641,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45643,45644,45667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45645,45646,45648,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660,45663,45665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45647,21858],{"class":63},[57,45649,68],{"class":67},[57,45651,45502],{"class":1102},[57,45653,105],{"class":71},[57,45655,42688],{"class":101},[57,45657,105],{"class":71},[57,45659,170],{"class":169},[57,45661,45662],{"class":173},"How old are you? ",[57,45664,170],{"class":169},[57,45666,117],{"class":71},[57,45668,45669,45671,45673,45675,45678,45680,45682,45685,45687,45689],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45670,102],{"class":101},[57,45672,105],{"class":71},[57,45674,170],{"class":169},[57,45676,45677],{"class":173},"Next year you will be",[57,45679,170],{"class":169},[57,45681,79],{"class":71},[57,45683,45684],{"class":113}," age ",[57,45686,2314],{"class":67},[57,45688,5729],{"class":75},[57,45690,316],{"class":71},[20,45692,6290,45693,45695,45696,45698],{},[15,45694,3121],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45697,3201],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45700,45701,45702,620],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[614,45703,9209],{"href":9208},[943,45705,45707],{"id":45706},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[48,45709,45711],{"className":50,"code":45710,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45712,45713,45737,45761,45775,45779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45714,45715,45718,45720,45722,45724,45726,45728,45730,45733,45735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45716,45717],{"class":63},"num1 ",[57,45719,68],{"class":67},[57,45721,45502],{"class":1102},[57,45723,105],{"class":71},[57,45725,42688],{"class":101},[57,45727,105],{"class":71},[57,45729,170],{"class":169},[57,45731,45732],{"class":173},"Enter the first number: ",[57,45734,170],{"class":169},[57,45736,117],{"class":71},[57,45738,45739,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750,45752,45754,45757,45759],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45740,45741],{"class":63},"num2 ",[57,45743,68],{"class":67},[57,45745,45502],{"class":1102},[57,45747,105],{"class":71},[57,45749,42688],{"class":101},[57,45751,105],{"class":71},[57,45753,170],{"class":169},[57,45755,45756],{"class":173},"Enter the second number: ",[57,45758,170],{"class":169},[57,45760,117],{"class":71},[57,45762,45763,45765,45767,45770,45772],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45764,41409],{"class":63},[57,45766,68],{"class":67},[57,45768,45769],{"class":63}," num1 ",[57,45771,2314],{"class":67},[57,45773,45774],{"class":63}," num2\n",[57,45776,45777],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,45778,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,45780,45781,45783,45785,45787,45790,45792,45794,45797],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,45782,102],{"class":101},[57,45784,105],{"class":71},[57,45786,170],{"class":169},[57,45788,45789],{"class":173},"Total:",[57,45791,170],{"class":169},[57,45793,79],{"class":71},[57,45795,45796],{"class":113}," total",[57,45798,316],{"class":71},[20,45800,30259],{},[48,45802,45804],{"className":50,"code":45803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45805,45806,45816,45825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45807,45808,45811,45813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45809,45810],{"class":63},"Enter the first number",[57,45812,270],{"class":71},[57,45814,45815],{"class":75}," 2\n",[57,45817,45818,45821,45823],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45819,45820],{"class":63},"Enter the second number",[57,45822,270],{"class":71},[57,45824,2823],{"class":75},[57,45826,45827,45830,45832],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45828,45829],{"class":63},"Total",[57,45831,270],{"class":71},[57,45833,35072],{"class":75},[20,45835,45836],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45838,864],{},[48,45840,45842],{"className":50,"code":45841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45843,45844,45862,45880,45884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45845,45846,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45847,45717],{"class":63},[57,45849,68],{"class":67},[57,45851,8470],{"class":101},[57,45853,105],{"class":71},[57,45855,170],{"class":169},[57,45857,45732],{"class":173},[57,45859,170],{"class":169},[57,45861,316],{"class":71},[57,45863,45864,45866,45868,45870,45872,45874,45876,45878],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45865,45741],{"class":63},[57,45867,68],{"class":67},[57,45869,8470],{"class":101},[57,45871,105],{"class":71},[57,45873,170],{"class":169},[57,45875,45756],{"class":173},[57,45877,170],{"class":169},[57,45879,316],{"class":71},[57,45881,45882],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45883,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,45885,45886,45888,45890,45892,45894,45897],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,45887,102],{"class":101},[57,45889,105],{"class":71},[57,45891,45717],{"class":113},[57,45893,2314],{"class":67},[57,45895,45896],{"class":113}," num2",[57,45898,316],{"class":71},[20,45900,30259],{},[48,45902,45904],{"className":50,"code":45903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45905,45906,45914,45922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45907,45908,45910,45912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45909,45810],{"class":63},[57,45911,270],{"class":71},[57,45913,45815],{"class":75},[57,45915,45916,45918,45920],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45917,45820],{"class":63},[57,45919,270],{"class":71},[57,45921,2823],{"class":75},[57,45923,45924],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,45925,45926],{"class":75},"23\n",[20,45928,45929,45930,45933,45934,620],{},"That happens because ",[15,45931,45932],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45935,45936],{},"\"23\"",[45142,45938],{},[43,45940,45942],{"id":45941},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45944,45945,45946,620],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45947,3201],{},[943,45949,4936,45951,41769],{"id":45950},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45952,3201],{},[20,45954,39427],{},[48,45956,45958],{"className":50,"code":45957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45959,45960,45978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,45961,45962,45964,45966,45968,45970,45972,45974,45976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,45963,2696],{"class":63},[57,45965,68],{"class":67},[57,45967,8470],{"class":101},[57,45969,105],{"class":71},[57,45971,170],{"class":169},[57,45973,42098],{"class":173},[57,45975,170],{"class":169},[57,45977,316],{"class":71},[57,45979,45980,45982,45984,45986,45988,45990],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,45981,102],{"class":101},[57,45983,105],{"class":71},[57,45985,1886],{"class":1102},[57,45987,105],{"class":71},[57,45989,364],{"class":113},[57,45991,117],{"class":71},[20,45993,216],{},[48,45995,45997],{"className":50,"code":45996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45998,45999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46000,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46002,3532],{"class":67},[57,46004,3535],{"class":1208},[57,46006,3538],{"class":169},[57,46008,1103],{"class":173},[57,46010,3543],{"class":169},[57,46012,3546],{"class":67},[20,46014,46015],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[943,46017,46019],{"id":46018},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,46021,46022],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[48,46024,46026],{"className":50,"code":46025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,46027,46028,46046,46065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46029,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040,46042,46044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46031,686],{"class":63},[57,46033,68],{"class":67},[57,46035,8470],{"class":101},[57,46037,105],{"class":71},[57,46039,170],{"class":169},[57,46041,42098],{"class":173},[57,46043,170],{"class":169},[57,46045,316],{"class":71},[57,46047,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056,46058,46061,46063],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46049,696],{"class":63},[57,46051,68],{"class":67},[57,46053,8470],{"class":101},[57,46055,105],{"class":71},[57,46057,170],{"class":169},[57,46059,46060],{"class":173},"Enter another number: ",[57,46062,170],{"class":169},[57,46064,316],{"class":71},[57,46066,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46068,102],{"class":101},[57,46070,105],{"class":71},[57,46072,686],{"class":113},[57,46074,2314],{"class":67},[57,46076,733],{"class":113},[57,46078,316],{"class":71},[20,46080,41347,46081,1242,46083,46085,46086,19195,46089,620],{},[15,46082,647],{},[15,46084,2389],{},", the result is ",[15,46087,46088],{},"45",[15,46090,2397],{},[943,46092,46094,46095,46097,46098],{"id":46093},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46096,1420],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46099,3121],{},[20,46101,864],{},[48,46103,46105],{"className":50,"code":46104,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46106,46107],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46108,46109,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125,46127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46110,21858],{"class":63},[57,46112,68],{"class":67},[57,46114,45502],{"class":1102},[57,46116,105],{"class":71},[57,46118,42688],{"class":101},[57,46120,105],{"class":71},[57,46122,170],{"class":169},[57,46124,45406],{"class":173},[57,46126,170],{"class":169},[57,46128,117],{"class":71},[20,46130,8499,46131,1427,46134,620],{},[15,46132,46133],{},"ten",[15,46135,1420],{},[20,46137,46138,46139,620],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[614,46140,46142],{"href":46141},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[943,46144,46146],{"id":46145},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46148,46149],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[48,46151,46153],{"className":50,"code":46152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46154,46155,46173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46156,46157,46159,46161,46163,46165,46167,46169,46171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46158,8103],{"class":63},[57,46160,68],{"class":67},[57,46162,8470],{"class":101},[57,46164,105],{"class":71},[57,46166,170],{"class":169},[57,46168,45112],{"class":173},[57,46170,170],{"class":169},[57,46172,316],{"class":71},[57,46174,46175,46177,46179,46181,46183,46185],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46176,102],{"class":101},[57,46178,105],{"class":71},[57,46180,42006],{"class":101},[57,46182,105],{"class":71},[57,46184,7898],{"class":113},[57,46186,117],{"class":71},[20,46188,46189],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46191,46192,46193,270],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46194,46195],{},".strip()",[48,46197,46199],{"className":50,"code":46198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46200,46201,46223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46202,46203,46205,46207,46209,46211,46213,46215,46217,46219,46221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46204,8103],{"class":63},[57,46206,68],{"class":67},[57,46208,8470],{"class":101},[57,46210,105],{"class":71},[57,46212,170],{"class":169},[57,46214,45112],{"class":173},[57,46216,170],{"class":169},[57,46218,8859],{"class":71},[57,46220,8862],{"class":113},[57,46222,8870],{"class":71},[57,46224,46225,46227,46229,46231],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46226,102],{"class":101},[57,46228,105],{"class":71},[57,46230,7898],{"class":113},[57,46232,316],{"class":71},[45142,46234],{},[43,46236,46238],{"id":46237},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46240,46241,46242,46244],{},"These habits make ",[15,46243,3201],{}," easier and safer to use.",[30,46246,46247,46250,46255,46258],{},[33,46248,46249],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[33,46251,1806,46252,46254],{},[15,46253,46195],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[33,46256,46257],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[33,46259,1806,46260,46262],{},[15,46261,30011],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46264,46265,46266,270],{},"Example with ",[15,46267,46195],{},[48,46269,46271],{"className":50,"code":46270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46272,46273,46297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46274,46275,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46289,46291,46293,46295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46276,46277],{"class":63},"city ",[57,46279,68],{"class":67},[57,46281,8470],{"class":101},[57,46283,105],{"class":71},[57,46285,170],{"class":169},[57,46287,46288],{"class":173},"Enter your city: ",[57,46290,170],{"class":169},[57,46292,8859],{"class":71},[57,46294,8862],{"class":113},[57,46296,8870],{"class":71},[57,46298,46299,46301,46303,46305,46308,46310,46312,46314],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46300,102],{"class":101},[57,46302,105],{"class":71},[57,46304,170],{"class":169},[57,46306,46307],{"class":173},"City:",[57,46309,170],{"class":169},[57,46311,79],{"class":71},[57,46313,31614],{"class":113},[57,46315,316],{"class":71},[20,46317,46265,46318,270],{},[15,46319,30011],{},[48,46321,46323],{"className":50,"code":46322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46324,46325,46331,46354,46386,46394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46326,46327,46329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46328,30033],{"class":1962},[57,46330,6623],{"class":71},[57,46332,46333,46336,46338,46340,46342,46344,46346,46348,46350,46352],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46334,46335],{"class":63},"    age ",[57,46337,68],{"class":67},[57,46339,45502],{"class":1102},[57,46341,105],{"class":71},[57,46343,42688],{"class":101},[57,46345,105],{"class":71},[57,46347,170],{"class":169},[57,46349,45406],{"class":173},[57,46351,170],{"class":169},[57,46353,117],{"class":71},[57,46355,46356,46358,46360,46362,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373,46375,46377,46379,46382,46384],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46357,8296],{"class":101},[57,46359,105],{"class":71},[57,46361,170],{"class":169},[57,46363,46364],{"class":173},"You will be",[57,46366,170],{"class":169},[57,46368,79],{"class":71},[57,46370,45684],{"class":113},[57,46372,2314],{"class":67},[57,46374,5729],{"class":75},[57,46376,79],{"class":71},[57,46378,181],{"class":169},[57,46380,46381],{"class":173},"next year",[57,46383,170],{"class":169},[57,46385,316],{"class":71},[57,46387,46388,46390,46392],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,46389,30064],{"class":1962},[57,46391,42153],{"class":1102},[57,46393,6623],{"class":71},[57,46395,46396,46398,46400,46402,46405,46407],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,46397,8296],{"class":101},[57,46399,105],{"class":71},[57,46401,170],{"class":169},[57,46403,46404],{"class":173},"Please enter a whole number.",[57,46406,170],{"class":169},[57,46408,316],{"class":71},[20,46410,46411],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46413,46414,46415,620],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[614,46416,46418],{"href":46417},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45142,46420],{},[43,46422,1829],{"id":1828},[20,46424,46425,46426,270],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46427,3201],{},[30,46429,46430,46437,46440,46443],{},[33,46431,46432,46433,3122,46435],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46434,3121],{},[15,46436,3128],{},[33,46438,46439],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[33,46441,46442],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[33,46444,46445],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46447,32312],{},[48,46449,46451],{"className":50,"code":46450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46452,46453,46463,46477],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46454,46455,46457,46459,46461],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46456,102],{"class":101},[57,46458,105],{"class":71},[57,46460,364],{"class":113},[57,46462,316],{"class":71},[57,46464,46465,46467,46469,46471,46473,46475],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46466,102],{"class":101},[57,46468,105],{"class":71},[57,46470,1886],{"class":1102},[57,46472,105],{"class":71},[57,46474,364],{"class":113},[57,46476,117],{"class":71},[57,46478,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46480,102],{"class":101},[57,46482,105],{"class":71},[57,46484,42006],{"class":101},[57,46486,105],{"class":71},[57,46488,364],{"class":113},[57,46490,117],{"class":71},[20,46492,46493,46494,46496],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46495,3201],{}," actually returned:",[30,46498,46499,46504,46509],{},[33,46500,46501,46503],{},[15,46502,42054],{}," shows the value",[33,46505,46506,46508],{},[15,46507,42060],{}," shows the data type",[33,46510,46511,46513],{},[15,46512,42065],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46515,864],{},[48,46517,46519],{"className":50,"code":46518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46520,46521,46540,46550,46564],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46522,46523,46525,46527,46529,46531,46533,46536,46538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46524,2696],{"class":63},[57,46526,68],{"class":67},[57,46528,8470],{"class":101},[57,46530,105],{"class":71},[57,46532,170],{"class":169},[57,46534,46535],{"class":173},"Enter something: ",[57,46537,170],{"class":169},[57,46539,316],{"class":71},[57,46541,46542,46544,46546,46548],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46543,102],{"class":101},[57,46545,105],{"class":71},[57,46547,364],{"class":113},[57,46549,316],{"class":71},[57,46551,46552,46554,46556,46558,46560,46562],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46553,102],{"class":101},[57,46555,105],{"class":71},[57,46557,1886],{"class":1102},[57,46559,105],{"class":71},[57,46561,364],{"class":113},[57,46563,117],{"class":71},[57,46565,46566,46568,46570,46572,46574,46576],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,46567,102],{"class":101},[57,46569,105],{"class":71},[57,46571,42006],{"class":101},[57,46573,105],{"class":71},[57,46575,364],{"class":113},[57,46577,117],{"class":71},[45142,46579],{},[43,46581,2011],{"id":2010},[943,46583,12933,46585,46587],{"id":46584},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46586,3201],{}," return an integer?",[20,46589,46590,46591,46593,46594,40158],{},"No. ",[15,46592,3201],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46595,3121],{},[943,46597,46599,46600,2053],{"id":46598},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46601,3201],{},[20,46603,46604,46605,46607],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46606,3201],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[943,46609,5389,46611,46614,46615,2053],{"id":46610},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46612,46613],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46616,3201],{},[20,46618,29292,46619,46621,46622,42382,46624,46626],{},[15,46620,3201],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46623,45932],{},[15,46625,45936],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[943,46628,46630],{"id":46629},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46632,1806,46633,46635,46636,620],{},[15,46634,46195],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46637,46638],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45142,46640],{},[43,46642,2135],{"id":2134},[30,46644,46645,46650,46654,46660,46666,46670],{},[33,46646,46647],{},[614,46648,46649],{"href":46417},"How to get user input in Python",[33,46651,46652],{},[614,46653,9286],{"href":9208},[33,46655,46656],{},[614,46657,13,46658,2144],{"href":3118},[15,46659,3121],{},[33,46661,46662],{},[614,46663,13,46664,2144],{"href":3125},[15,46665,3128],{},[33,46667,46668],{},[614,46669,46142],{"href":46141},[33,46671,46672],{},[614,46673,13,46675,2144],{"href":46674},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46676,46677],{},"print()",[2172,46679,46680],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":46682},[46683,46684,46686,46687,46689,46695,46703,46704,46705,46714],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":45146,"depth":98,"text":46685},"What input() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":45375,"depth":98,"text":46688},"What input() returns",{"id":45578,"depth":98,"text":45579,"children":46690},[46691,46692,46694],{"id":45582,"depth":120,"text":45583},{"id":45635,"depth":120,"text":46693},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45706,"depth":120,"text":45707},{"id":45941,"depth":98,"text":45942,"children":46696},[46697,46699,46700,46702],{"id":45950,"depth":120,"text":46698},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":46018,"depth":120,"text":46019},{"id":46093,"depth":120,"text":46701},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46145,"depth":120,"text":46146},{"id":46237,"depth":98,"text":46238},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":46706},[46707,46709,46711,46713],{"id":46584,"depth":120,"text":46708},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46598,"depth":120,"text":46710},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46610,"depth":120,"text":46712},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46629,"depth":120,"text":46630},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42421,"description":46715},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46722,"title":42323,"body":46723,"description":49031,"extension":2219,"meta":49032,"navigation":123,"path":49033,"seo":49034,"stem":49035,"__hash__":49036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46724,"toc":48983},[46725,46730,46735,46740,46761,46764,46766,46826,46828,46846,46851,46856,46861,46863,46876,46878,46961,46963,47004,47010,47012,47042,47048,47051,47068,47070,47122,47124,47142,47148,47154,47157,47175,47177,47250,47252,47271,47278,47283,47288,47291,47351,47353,47372,47375,47378,47393,47399,47403,47464,47466,47486,47490,47619,47621,47751,47761,47767,47773,47781,47847,47849,47874,47877,47894,47907,47913,47916,47949,47951,47964,47967,48010,48012,48020,48027,48031,48038,48042,48069,48071,48079,48085,48102,48107,48111,48138,48140,48148,48152,48157,48160,48186,48189,48198,48206,48208,48218,48222,48225,48227,48278,48280,48310,48320,48347,48349,48357,48367,48371,48374,48376,48424,48426,48470,48476,48527,48529,48548,48553,48558,48561,48580,48583,48635,48637,48646,48648,48652,48656,48659,48668,48675,48677,48704,48708,48710,48719,48722,48729,48735,48795,48799,48801,48809,48812,48838,48844,48847,48867,48869,48878,48886,48888,48894,48899,48906,48916,48922,48930,48934,48937,48939,48980],[10,46726,13,46728,18],{"id":46727},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46729,3121],{},[20,46731,32547,46732,46734],{},[15,46733,3121],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46736,35636,46737,46739],{},[15,46738,3121],{}," when they want to:",[30,46741,46742,46752,46755,46758],{},[33,46743,46744,46745,46748,46749],{},"turn text like ",[15,46746,46747],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46750,46751],{},"42",[33,46753,46754],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[33,46756,46757],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[33,46759,46760],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46762,46763],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[43,46765,46],{"id":45},[48,46767,46769],{"className":50,"code":46768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46770,46771,46789,46803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46772,46773,46775,46777,46779,46781,46783,46785,46787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46774,102],{"class":101},[57,46776,105],{"class":71},[57,46778,2440],{"class":1102},[57,46780,105],{"class":71},[57,46782,170],{"class":169},[57,46784,46751],{"class":173},[57,46786,170],{"class":169},[57,46788,117],{"class":71},[57,46790,46791,46793,46795,46797,46799,46801],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46792,102],{"class":101},[57,46794,105],{"class":71},[57,46796,2440],{"class":1102},[57,46798,105],{"class":71},[57,46800,42211],{"class":75},[57,46802,117],{"class":71},[57,46804,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46818,46820,46822,46824],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46806,102],{"class":101},[57,46808,105],{"class":71},[57,46810,2440],{"class":1102},[57,46812,105],{"class":71},[57,46814,170],{"class":169},[57,46816,46817],{"class":173},"101",[57,46819,170],{"class":169},[57,46821,79],{"class":71},[57,46823,87],{"class":75},[57,46825,117],{"class":71},[20,46827,216],{},[48,46829,46831],{"className":50,"code":46830,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46832,46833,46837,46842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46834,46835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46836,756],{"class":75},[57,46838,46839],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46840,46841],{"class":75},"3\n",[57,46843,46844],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46845,3190],{"class":75},[20,46847,1806,46848,46850],{},[15,46849,3121],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[43,46852,262,46854,265],{"id":46853},"what-int-does",[15,46855,3121],{},[20,46857,46858,46860],{},[15,46859,3121],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46862,13282],{},[30,46864,46865,46870,46873],{},[33,46866,46867,46868,7570],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46869,2440],{},[33,46871,46872],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[33,46874,46875],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46877,864],{},[48,46879,46881],{"className":50,"code":46880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46882,46883,46895,46909,46913,46923,46933,46947],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46884,46885,46887,46889,46891,46893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46886,34918],{"class":63},[57,46888,68],{"class":67},[57,46890,181],{"class":169},[57,46892,9420],{"class":173},[57,46894,3602],{"class":169},[57,46896,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46898,2469],{"class":63},[57,46900,68],{"class":67},[57,46902,45502],{"class":1102},[57,46904,105],{"class":71},[57,46906,1222],{"class":113},[57,46908,316],{"class":71},[57,46910,46911],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46912,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,46914,46915,46917,46919,46921],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,46916,102],{"class":101},[57,46918,105],{"class":71},[57,46920,1222],{"class":113},[57,46922,316],{"class":71},[57,46924,46925,46927,46929,46931],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,46926,102],{"class":101},[57,46928,105],{"class":71},[57,46930,2490],{"class":113},[57,46932,316],{"class":71},[57,46934,46935,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,46936,102],{"class":101},[57,46938,105],{"class":71},[57,46940,1886],{"class":1102},[57,46942,105],{"class":71},[57,46944,1222],{"class":113},[57,46946,117],{"class":71},[57,46948,46949,46951,46953,46955,46957,46959],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,46950,102],{"class":101},[57,46952,105],{"class":71},[57,46954,1886],{"class":1102},[57,46956,105],{"class":71},[57,46958,2490],{"class":113},[57,46960,117],{"class":71},[20,46962,216],{},[48,46964,46966],{"className":50,"code":46965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46967,46968,46972,46976,46990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,46969,46970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,46971,2954],{"class":75},[57,46973,46974],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,46975,2954],{"class":75},[57,46977,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46988],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,46979,3532],{"class":67},[57,46981,3535],{"class":1208},[57,46983,3538],{"class":169},[57,46985,1103],{"class":173},[57,46987,3543],{"class":169},[57,46989,3546],{"class":67},[57,46991,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000,47002],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,46993,3532],{"class":67},[57,46995,3535],{"class":1208},[57,46997,3538],{"class":169},[57,46999,2440],{"class":173},[57,47001,3543],{"class":169},[57,47003,3546],{"class":67},[20,47005,47006,47007,47009],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,47008,3121],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[43,47011,294],{"id":293},[48,47013,47015],{"className":50,"code":47014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,47016,47017,47027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47018,47019,47021,47023,47025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47020,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47022,105],{"class":71},[57,47024,1956],{"class":113},[57,47026,316],{"class":71},[57,47028,47029,47031,47033,47035,47037,47040],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47030,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47032,105],{"class":71},[57,47034,1956],{"class":113},[57,47036,79],{"class":71},[57,47038,47039],{"class":113}," base",[57,47041,316],{"class":71},[943,47043,47045],{"id":47044},"intx",[15,47046,47047],{},"int(x)",[20,47049,47050],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[30,47052,47053,47058,47063],{},[33,47054,47055,47056],{},"a string such as ",[15,47057,42353],{},[33,47059,47060,47061],{},"a float such as ",[15,47062,42211],{},[33,47064,47065,47066],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47067,3845],{},[20,47069,864],{},[48,47071,47073],{"className":50,"code":47072,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47074,47075,47093,47108],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47076,47077,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47089,47091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47078,102],{"class":101},[57,47080,105],{"class":71},[57,47082,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47084,105],{"class":71},[57,47086,170],{"class":169},[57,47088,1561],{"class":173},[57,47090,170],{"class":169},[57,47092,117],{"class":71},[57,47094,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47106],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47096,102],{"class":101},[57,47098,105],{"class":71},[57,47100,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47102,105],{"class":71},[57,47104,47105],{"class":75},"8.7",[57,47107,117],{"class":71},[57,47109,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47111,102],{"class":101},[57,47113,105],{"class":71},[57,47115,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47117,105],{"class":71},[57,47119,3845],{"class":1523},[57,47121,117],{"class":71},[20,47123,216],{},[48,47125,47127],{"className":50,"code":47126,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47128,47129,47133,47137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47130,47131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47132,2626],{"class":75},[57,47134,47135],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47136,226],{"class":75},[57,47138,47139],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47140,47141],{"class":75},"1\n",[943,47143,47145],{"id":47144},"intx-base",[15,47146,47147],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47149,47150,47151,47153],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47152,1956],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47155,47156],{},"Common bases:",[30,47158,47159,47164,47169],{},[33,47160,47161,47163],{},[15,47162,1788],{}," for binary",[33,47165,47166,47168],{},[15,47167,2595],{}," for octal",[33,47170,47171,47174],{},[15,47172,47173],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47176,864],{},[48,47178,47180],{"className":50,"code":47179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47181,47182,47204,47227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47183,47184,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47185,102],{"class":101},[57,47187,105],{"class":71},[57,47189,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47191,105],{"class":71},[57,47193,170],{"class":169},[57,47195,46817],{"class":173},[57,47197,170],{"class":169},[57,47199,79],{"class":71},[57,47201,87],{"class":75},[57,47203,117],{"class":71},[57,47205,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216,47219,47221,47223,47225],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47207,102],{"class":101},[57,47209,105],{"class":71},[57,47211,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47213,105],{"class":71},[57,47215,170],{"class":169},[57,47217,47218],{"class":173},"17",[57,47220,170],{"class":169},[57,47222,79],{"class":71},[57,47224,82],{"class":75},[57,47226,117],{"class":71},[57,47228,47229,47231,47233,47235,47237,47239,47242,47244,47246,47248],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47230,102],{"class":101},[57,47232,105],{"class":71},[57,47234,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47236,105],{"class":71},[57,47238,170],{"class":169},[57,47240,47241],{"class":173},"1A",[57,47243,170],{"class":169},[57,47245,79],{"class":71},[57,47247,14218],{"class":75},[57,47249,117],{"class":71},[20,47251,216],{},[48,47253,47255],{"className":50,"code":47254,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47256,47257,47261,47266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47258,47259],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47260,3190],{"class":75},[57,47262,47263],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47264,47265],{"class":75},"15\n",[57,47267,47268],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47269,47270],{"class":75},"26\n",[20,47272,47273,47274,620],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[614,47275,47276,2553],{"href":3125},[15,47277,3128],{},[43,47279,443,47281,771],{"id":47280},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47282,3121],{},[20,47284,47285,47287],{},[15,47286,3121],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47289,47290],{},"Examples that work:",[48,47292,47294],{"className":50,"code":47293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47295,47296,47314,47332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47297,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308,47310,47312],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47299,102],{"class":101},[57,47301,105],{"class":71},[57,47303,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47305,105],{"class":71},[57,47307,170],{"class":169},[57,47309,2389],{"class":173},[57,47311,170],{"class":169},[57,47313,117],{"class":71},[57,47315,47316,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47317,102],{"class":101},[57,47319,105],{"class":71},[57,47321,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47323,105],{"class":71},[57,47325,170],{"class":169},[57,47327,2542],{"class":173},[57,47329,170],{"class":169},[57,47331,117],{"class":71},[57,47333,47334,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47347,47349],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47335,102],{"class":101},[57,47337,105],{"class":71},[57,47339,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47341,105],{"class":71},[57,47343,170],{"class":169},[57,47345,47346],{"class":173},"  42  ",[57,47348,170],{"class":169},[57,47350,117],{"class":71},[20,47352,216],{},[48,47354,47356],{"className":50,"code":47355,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47357,47358,47362,47368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47359,47360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47361,3190],{"class":75},[57,47363,47364,47366],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47365,2277],{"class":67},[57,47367,664],{"class":75},[57,47369,47370],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47371,756],{"class":75},[20,47373,47374],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47376,47377],{},"Examples that fail:",[48,47379,47381],{"className":50,"code":47380,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47382,47383,47388],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47384,47385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47386,47387],{"class":3903},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[57,47389,47390],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47391,47392],{"class":3903},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47394,47395,47396,47398],{},"These raise ",[15,47397,1420],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[943,47400,47402],{"id":47401},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[48,47404,47406],{"className":50,"code":47405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47407,47408,47426,47445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47409,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47411,102],{"class":101},[57,47413,105],{"class":71},[57,47415,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47417,105],{"class":71},[57,47419,170],{"class":169},[57,47421,1294],{"class":173},[57,47423,170],{"class":169},[57,47425,117],{"class":71},[57,47427,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47441,47443],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47429,102],{"class":101},[57,47431,105],{"class":71},[57,47433,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47435,105],{"class":71},[57,47437,170],{"class":169},[57,47439,47440],{"class":173},"+7",[57,47442,170],{"class":169},[57,47444,117],{"class":71},[57,47446,47447,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47460,47462],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47448,102],{"class":101},[57,47450,105],{"class":71},[57,47452,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47454,105],{"class":71},[57,47456,170],{"class":169},[57,47458,47459],{"class":173},"-100",[57,47461,170],{"class":169},[57,47463,117],{"class":71},[20,47465,216],{},[48,47467,47469],{"className":50,"code":47468,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47470,47471,47475,47479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47472,47473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47474,1301],{"class":75},[57,47476,47477],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47478,2333],{"class":75},[57,47480,47481,47483],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47482,2277],{"class":67},[57,47484,47485],{"class":75},"100\n",[943,47487,47489],{"id":47488},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[48,47491,47493],{"className":50,"code":47492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47494,47495,47533,47537,47549,47556,47571,47586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47496,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509,47511,47513,47516,47518,47520,47522,47524,47526,47529,47531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47498,4061],{"class":63},[57,47500,68],{"class":67},[57,47502,72],{"class":71},[57,47504,170],{"class":169},[57,47506,40372],{"class":173},[57,47508,170],{"class":169},[57,47510,79],{"class":71},[57,47512,181],{"class":169},[57,47514,47515],{"class":173},"12abc",[57,47517,170],{"class":169},[57,47519,79],{"class":71},[57,47521,6356],{"class":169},[57,47523,79],{"class":71},[57,47525,181],{"class":169},[57,47527,47528],{"class":173},"seven",[57,47530,170],{"class":169},[57,47532,95],{"class":71},[57,47534,47535],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47536,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,47538,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47540,6189],{"class":1962},[57,47542,21814],{"class":63},[57,47544,1969],{"class":1962},[57,47546,4121],{"class":63},[57,47548,6623],{"class":71},[57,47550,47551,47554],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,47552,47553],{"class":1962},"    try",[57,47555,6623],{"class":71},[57,47557,47558,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,47559,47560],{"class":101},"        print",[57,47562,105],{"class":71},[57,47564,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47566,105],{"class":71},[57,47568,364],{"class":113},[57,47570,117],{"class":71},[57,47572,47573,47576,47578,47581,47584],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,47574,47575],{"class":1962},"    except",[57,47577,42153],{"class":1102},[57,47579,47580],{"class":1962}," as",[57,47582,47583],{"class":63}," error",[57,47585,6623],{"class":71},[57,47587,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47603,47605,47608,47610,47613,47615,47617],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,47589,47560],{"class":101},[57,47591,105],{"class":71},[57,47593,22524],{"class":1208},[57,47595,170],{"class":173},[57,47597,9505],{"class":75},[57,47599,364],{"class":113},[57,47601,47602],{"class":1208},"!r",[57,47604,22533],{"class":75},[57,47606,47607],{"class":173}," -> ",[57,47609,9505],{"class":75},[57,47611,47612],{"class":113},"error",[57,47614,22533],{"class":75},[57,47616,170],{"class":173},[57,47618,316],{"class":71},[20,47620,216],{},[48,47622,47624],{"className":50,"code":47623,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47625,47626,47662,47694,47719],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47627,47628,47630,47632,47634,47637,47640,47642,47644,47646,47649,47652,47654,47656,47658,47660],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47629,3543],{"class":43553},[57,47631,40372],{"class":43557},[57,47633,3543],{"class":43553},[57,47635,47636],{"class":37597}," ->",[57,47638,47639],{"class":63}," invalid literal ",[57,47641,6189],{"class":1962},[57,47643,45502],{"class":1102},[57,47645,1475],{"class":71},[57,47647,47648],{"class":1962}," with",[57,47650,47651],{"class":63}," base ",[57,47653,1561],{"class":75},[57,47655,270],{"class":71},[57,47657,3538],{"class":169},[57,47659,40372],{"class":173},[57,47661,29929],{"class":169},[57,47663,47664,47666,47668,47670,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690,47692],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47665,3543],{"class":169},[57,47667,47515],{"class":173},[57,47669,3543],{"class":169},[57,47671,47636],{"class":37597},[57,47673,47639],{"class":63},[57,47675,6189],{"class":1962},[57,47677,45502],{"class":1102},[57,47679,1475],{"class":71},[57,47681,47648],{"class":1962},[57,47683,47651],{"class":63},[57,47685,1561],{"class":75},[57,47687,270],{"class":71},[57,47689,3538],{"class":169},[57,47691,47515],{"class":173},[57,47693,29929],{"class":169},[57,47695,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714,47716],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47697,4012],{"class":169},[57,47699,47636],{"class":37597},[57,47701,47639],{"class":63},[57,47703,6189],{"class":1962},[57,47705,45502],{"class":1102},[57,47707,1475],{"class":71},[57,47709,47648],{"class":1962},[57,47711,47651],{"class":63},[57,47713,1561],{"class":75},[57,47715,270],{"class":71},[57,47717,47718],{"class":169}," ''\n",[57,47720,47721,47723,47725,47727,47729,47731,47733,47735,47737,47739,47741,47743,47745,47747,47749],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,47722,3543],{"class":169},[57,47724,47528],{"class":173},[57,47726,3543],{"class":169},[57,47728,47636],{"class":37597},[57,47730,47639],{"class":63},[57,47732,6189],{"class":1962},[57,47734,45502],{"class":1102},[57,47736,1475],{"class":71},[57,47738,47648],{"class":1962},[57,47740,47651],{"class":63},[57,47742,1561],{"class":75},[57,47744,270],{"class":71},[57,47746,3538],{"class":169},[57,47748,47528],{"class":173},[57,47750,29929],{"class":169},[20,47752,47753,47754,47756,47757,620],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[614,47755,9209],{"href":9208}," and the ",[614,47758,47759,2553],{"href":8447},[15,47760,3201],{},[43,47762,443,47764,47766],{"id":47763},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47765,3121],{}," with floats",[20,47768,47769,47770,47772],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47771,3121],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47774,47775,47776,14284,47778,47780],{},"Important: ",[15,47777,3121],{},[1399,47779,1401],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[48,47782,47784],{"className":50,"code":47783,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47785,47786,47800,47815,47831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47787,47788,47790,47792,47794,47796,47798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47789,102],{"class":101},[57,47791,105],{"class":71},[57,47793,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47795,105],{"class":71},[57,47797,42211],{"class":75},[57,47799,117],{"class":71},[57,47801,47802,47804,47806,47808,47810,47813],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47803,102],{"class":101},[57,47805,105],{"class":71},[57,47807,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47809,105],{"class":71},[57,47811,47812],{"class":75},"3.1",[57,47814,117],{"class":71},[57,47816,47817,47819,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47818,102],{"class":101},[57,47820,105],{"class":71},[57,47822,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47824,105],{"class":71},[57,47826,2277],{"class":67},[57,47828,42211],{"class":75},[57,47830,117],{"class":71},[57,47832,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841,47843,47845],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,47834,102],{"class":101},[57,47836,105],{"class":71},[57,47838,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47840,105],{"class":71},[57,47842,2277],{"class":67},[57,47844,47812],{"class":75},[57,47846,117],{"class":71},[20,47848,216],{},[48,47850,47852],{"className":50,"code":47851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47853,47854,47858,47862,47868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47855,47856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47857,46841],{"class":75},[57,47859,47860],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47861,46841],{"class":75},[57,47863,47864,47866],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47865,2277],{"class":67},[57,47867,46841],{"class":75},[57,47869,47870,47872],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,47871,2277],{"class":67},[57,47873,46841],{"class":75},[20,47875,47876],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[30,47878,47879,47886],{},[33,47880,47881,42382,47884],{},[15,47882,47883],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47885,76],{},[33,47887,47888,42382,47891],{},[15,47889,47890],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47892,47893],{},"-3",[20,47895,47896,47897,47901,47902,620],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[614,47898,47899],{"href":3125},[15,47900,3128],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[614,47903,47904],{"href":42402},[15,47905,47906],{},"str()",[43,47908,443,47910,47912],{"id":47909},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47911,3121],{}," with booleans",[20,47914,47915],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[48,47917,47919],{"className":50,"code":47918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47920,47921,47935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47922,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931,47933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47924,102],{"class":101},[57,47926,105],{"class":71},[57,47928,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47930,105],{"class":71},[57,47932,3845],{"class":1523},[57,47934,117],{"class":71},[57,47936,47937,47939,47941,47943,47945,47947],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47938,102],{"class":101},[57,47940,105],{"class":71},[57,47942,2440],{"class":1102},[57,47944,105],{"class":71},[57,47946,3914],{"class":1523},[57,47948,117],{"class":71},[20,47950,216],{},[48,47952,47954],{"className":50,"code":47953,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n0\n",[15,47955,47956,47960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47957,47958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47959,47141],{"class":75},[57,47961,47962],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47963,1301],{"class":75},[20,47965,47966],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[48,47968,47970],{"className":50,"code":47969,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47971,47972,47981,47996,48000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,47973,47974,47977,47979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,47975,47976],{"class":63},"passed ",[57,47978,68],{"class":67},[57,47980,6652],{"class":1523},[57,47982,47983,47985,47987,47989,47991,47994],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,47984,41409],{"class":63},[57,47986,68],{"class":67},[57,47988,45502],{"class":1102},[57,47990,105],{"class":71},[57,47992,47993],{"class":113},"passed",[57,47995,316],{"class":71},[57,47997,47998],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,47999,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,48001,48002,48004,48006,48008],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,48003,102],{"class":101},[57,48005,105],{"class":71},[57,48007,41438],{"class":113},[57,48009,316],{"class":71},[20,48011,216],{},[48,48013,48014],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48015,48016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48017,48018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48019,47141],{"class":75},[20,48021,48022,48023,620],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[614,48024,48025,2553],{"href":6012},[15,48026,4051],{},[43,48028,48030],{"id":48029},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,48032,48033,48034,48037],{},"Use the ",[15,48035,48036],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[943,48039,48041],{"id":48040},"binary-example","Binary example",[48,48043,48045],{"className":50,"code":48044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,48046,48047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48048,48049,48051,48053,48055,48057,48059,48061,48063,48065,48067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48050,102],{"class":101},[57,48052,105],{"class":71},[57,48054,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48056,105],{"class":71},[57,48058,170],{"class":169},[57,48060,46817],{"class":173},[57,48062,170],{"class":169},[57,48064,79],{"class":71},[57,48066,87],{"class":75},[57,48068,117],{"class":71},[20,48070,216],{},[48,48072,48073],{"className":50,"code":3190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48074,48075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48076,48077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48078,3190],{"class":75},[20,48080,48081,48084],{},[15,48082,48083],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[30,48086,48087,48092,48097],{},[33,48088,48089],{},[15,48090,48091],{},"1 × 4",[33,48093,48094],{},[15,48095,48096],{},"0 × 2",[33,48098,48099],{},[15,48100,48101],{},"1 × 1",[20,48103,48104,48105,620],{},"So the result is ",[15,48106,2389],{},[943,48108,48110],{"id":48109},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[48,48112,48114],{"className":50,"code":48113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48115,48116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48117,48118,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128,48130,48132,48134,48136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48119,102],{"class":101},[57,48121,105],{"class":71},[57,48123,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48125,105],{"class":71},[57,48127,170],{"class":169},[57,48129,47241],{"class":173},[57,48131,170],{"class":169},[57,48133,79],{"class":71},[57,48135,14218],{"class":75},[57,48137,117],{"class":71},[20,48139,216],{},[48,48141,48142],{"className":50,"code":47270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48143,48144],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48145,48146],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48147,47270],{"class":75},[943,48149,48151],{"id":48150},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48153,935,48154,48156],{},[15,48155,48036],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48158,48159],{},"Good:",[48,48161,48162],{"className":50,"code":48044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48163,48164],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48165,48166,48168,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182,48184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48167,102],{"class":101},[57,48169,105],{"class":71},[57,48171,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48173,105],{"class":71},[57,48175,170],{"class":169},[57,48177,46817],{"class":173},[57,48179,170],{"class":169},[57,48181,79],{"class":71},[57,48183,87],{"class":75},[57,48185,117],{"class":71},[20,48187,48188],{},"Not correct:",[48,48190,48192],{"className":50,"code":48191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48193,48194],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48195,48196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48197,48191],{"class":3903},[20,48199,48200,48201,8829,48203,48205],{},"That causes a ",[15,48202,1539],{},[15,48204,48036],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[43,48207,1409],{"id":1408},[20,48209,48210,48211,48213,48214,1242,48216,620],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48212,3121],{}," are ",[15,48215,1420],{},[15,48217,1539],{},[943,48219,48220],{"id":41740},[15,48221,1420],{},[20,48223,48224],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48226,864],{},[48,48228,48230],{"className":50,"code":48229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48231,48232,48238,48256,48268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48233,48234,48236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48235,30033],{"class":1962},[57,48237,6623],{"class":71},[57,48239,48240,48242,48244,48246,48248,48250,48252,48254],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,48241,8296],{"class":101},[57,48243,105],{"class":71},[57,48245,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48247,105],{"class":71},[57,48249,170],{"class":169},[57,48251,40372],{"class":173},[57,48253,170],{"class":169},[57,48255,117],{"class":71},[57,48257,48258,48260,48262,48264,48266],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,48259,30064],{"class":1962},[57,48261,42153],{"class":1102},[57,48263,47580],{"class":1962},[57,48265,47583],{"class":63},[57,48267,6623],{"class":71},[57,48269,48270,48272,48274,48276],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,48271,8296],{"class":101},[57,48273,105],{"class":71},[57,48275,47612],{"class":113},[57,48277,316],{"class":71},[20,48279,216],{},[48,48281,48283],{"className":50,"code":48282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48284,48285],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48286,48287,48290,48292,48294,48296,48298,48300,48302,48304,48306,48308],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48288,48289],{"class":63},"invalid literal ",[57,48291,6189],{"class":1962},[57,48293,45502],{"class":1102},[57,48295,1475],{"class":71},[57,48297,47648],{"class":1962},[57,48299,47651],{"class":63},[57,48301,1561],{"class":75},[57,48303,270],{"class":71},[57,48305,3538],{"class":169},[57,48307,40372],{"class":173},[57,48309,29929],{"class":169},[20,48311,48312,48313,48316,48317,48319],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48314,48315],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48318,3121],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[48,48321,48323],{"className":50,"code":48322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48324,48325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48326,48327,48329,48331,48333,48335,48337,48339,48341,48343,48345],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48328,102],{"class":101},[57,48330,105],{"class":71},[57,48332,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48334,105],{"class":71},[57,48336,2444],{"class":1102},[57,48338,105],{"class":71},[57,48340,170],{"class":169},[57,48342,40372],{"class":173},[57,48344,170],{"class":169},[57,48346,1225],{"class":71},[20,48348,216],{},[48,48350,48351],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48352,48353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48354,48355],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48356,46841],{"class":75},[20,48358,48359,48360,1242,48363,620],{},"If you see this often, read ",[614,48361,48362],{"href":3205},"how to convert string to int in Python",[614,48364,25910,48365],{"href":46141},[15,48366,46142],{},[943,48368,48369],{"id":41806},[15,48370,1539],{},[20,48372,48373],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48375,864],{},[48,48377,48379],{"className":50,"code":48378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48380,48381,48387,48401,48414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48382,48383,48385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48384,30033],{"class":1962},[57,48386,6623],{"class":71},[57,48388,48389,48391,48393,48395,48397,48399],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,48390,8296],{"class":101},[57,48392,105],{"class":71},[57,48394,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48396,105],{"class":71},[57,48398,1524],{"class":1523},[57,48400,117],{"class":71},[57,48402,48403,48405,48408,48410,48412],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,48404,30064],{"class":1962},[57,48406,48407],{"class":1102}," TypeError",[57,48409,47580],{"class":1962},[57,48411,47583],{"class":63},[57,48413,6623],{"class":71},[57,48415,48416,48418,48420,48422],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,48417,8296],{"class":101},[57,48419,105],{"class":71},[57,48421,47612],{"class":113},[57,48423,316],{"class":71},[20,48425,216],{},[48,48427,48429],{"className":50,"code":48428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48430,48431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48432,48433,48435,48437,48440,48442,48444,48447,48449,48452,48454,48457,48459,48461,48463,48465,48468],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48434,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48436,1475],{"class":71},[57,48438,48439],{"class":63}," argument must be a string",[57,48441,79],{"class":71},[57,48443,44770],{"class":63},[57,48445,48446],{"class":1102},"bytes",[57,48448,2277],{"class":67},[57,48450,48451],{"class":63},"like ",[57,48453,42624],{"class":1102},[57,48455,48456],{"class":67}," or",[57,48458,41067],{"class":63},[57,48460,79],{"class":71},[57,48462,8327],{"class":67},[57,48464,3538],{"class":169},[57,48466,48467],{"class":173},"NoneType",[57,48469,29929],{"class":169},[20,48471,48472,48473,48475],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48474,48036],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[48,48477,48479],{"className":50,"code":48478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48480,48481,48487,48505,48517],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48482,48483,48485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48484,30033],{"class":1962},[57,48486,6623],{"class":71},[57,48488,48489,48491,48493,48495,48497,48499,48501,48503],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,48490,8296],{"class":101},[57,48492,105],{"class":71},[57,48494,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48496,105],{"class":71},[57,48498,46817],{"class":75},[57,48500,79],{"class":71},[57,48502,87],{"class":75},[57,48504,117],{"class":71},[57,48506,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,48508,30064],{"class":1962},[57,48510,48407],{"class":1102},[57,48512,47580],{"class":1962},[57,48514,47583],{"class":63},[57,48516,6623],{"class":71},[57,48518,48519,48521,48523,48525],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,48520,8296],{"class":101},[57,48522,105],{"class":71},[57,48524,47612],{"class":113},[57,48526,316],{"class":71},[20,48528,216],{},[48,48530,48532],{"className":50,"code":48531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48533,48534],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48535,48536,48538,48540,48543,48545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48537,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48539,1475],{"class":71},[57,48541,48542],{"class":63}," can",[57,48544,3543],{"class":169},[57,48546,48547],{"class":173},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[43,48549,5194,48551],{"id":48550},"when-to-use-int",[15,48552,3121],{},[20,48554,1806,48555,48557],{},[15,48556,3121],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48559,48560],{},"Common uses:",[30,48562,48563,48569,48572,48575],{},[33,48564,48565,48566,48568],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48567,3201],{}," into integers",[33,48570,48571],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[33,48573,48574],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[33,48576,48577,48578,932],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48579,48036],{},[20,48581,48582],{},"Example with user input:",[48,48584,48586],{"className":50,"code":48585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48587,48588,48602,48617,48621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48589,48590,48593,48595,48597,48600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48591,48592],{"class":63},"age_text ",[57,48594,68],{"class":67},[57,48596,181],{"class":169},[57,48598,48599],{"class":173},"18",[57,48601,3602],{"class":169},[57,48603,48604,48606,48608,48610,48612,48615],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,48605,21858],{"class":63},[57,48607,68],{"class":67},[57,48609,45502],{"class":1102},[57,48611,105],{"class":71},[57,48613,48614],{"class":113},"age_text",[57,48616,316],{"class":71},[57,48618,48619],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,48620,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,48622,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631,48633],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,48624,102],{"class":101},[57,48626,105],{"class":71},[57,48628,21858],{"class":113},[57,48630,2314],{"class":67},[57,48632,5729],{"class":75},[57,48634,316],{"class":71},[20,48636,216],{},[48,48638,48640],{"className":50,"code":48639,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19\n",[15,48641,48642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48643,48644],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48645,48639],{"class":75},[43,48647,1829],{"id":1828},[20,48649,14964,48650,620],{},[15,48651,3121],{},[943,48653,48655],{"id":48654},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48657,48658],{},"This fails:",[48,48660,48662],{"className":50,"code":48661,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48663,48664],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48665,48666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48667,48661],{"class":3903},[20,48669,48670,48671,48674],{},"Why: ",[15,48672,48673],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48676,19072],{},[48,48678,48680],{"className":50,"code":48679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48681,48682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48683,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694,48696,48698,48700,48702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48685,102],{"class":101},[57,48687,105],{"class":71},[57,48689,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48691,105],{"class":71},[57,48693,2444],{"class":1102},[57,48695,105],{"class":71},[57,48697,170],{"class":169},[57,48699,41350],{"class":173},[57,48701,170],{"class":169},[57,48703,1225],{"class":71},[943,48705,48707],{"id":48706},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48709,48658],{},[48,48711,48713],{"className":50,"code":48712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48714,48715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48716,48717],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48718,48712],{"class":3903},[20,48720,48721],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[943,48723,48725,48726],{"id":48724},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48727,48728],{},"int(None)",[20,48730,48731,48732,48734],{},"This fails because ",[15,48733,1524],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[48,48736,48738],{"className":50,"code":48737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48739,48740,48749,48753,48759,48773,48785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48741,48742,48744,48746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48743,2696],{"class":63},[57,48745,68],{"class":67},[57,48747,48748],{"class":1523}," None\n",[57,48750,48751],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,48752,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,48754,48755,48757],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,48756,30033],{"class":1962},[57,48758,6623],{"class":71},[57,48760,48761,48763,48765,48767,48769,48771],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,48762,8296],{"class":101},[57,48764,105],{"class":71},[57,48766,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48768,105],{"class":71},[57,48770,364],{"class":113},[57,48772,117],{"class":71},[57,48774,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,48776,30064],{"class":1962},[57,48778,48407],{"class":1102},[57,48780,47580],{"class":1962},[57,48782,47583],{"class":63},[57,48784,6623],{"class":71},[57,48786,48787,48789,48791,48793],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,48788,8296],{"class":101},[57,48790,105],{"class":71},[57,48792,47612],{"class":113},[57,48794,316],{"class":71},[943,48796,48798],{"id":48797},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48800,48658],{},[48,48802,48803],{"className":50,"code":48191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48804,48805],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48806,48807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48808,48191],{"class":3903},[20,48810,48811],{},"Use a string instead:",[48,48813,48814],{"className":50,"code":48044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,48815,48816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48817,48818,48820,48822,48824,48826,48828,48830,48832,48834,48836],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48819,102],{"class":101},[57,48821,105],{"class":71},[57,48823,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48825,105],{"class":71},[57,48827,170],{"class":169},[57,48829,46817],{"class":173},[57,48831,170],{"class":169},[57,48833,79],{"class":71},[57,48835,87],{"class":75},[57,48837,117],{"class":71},[943,48839,1848,48841,48843],{"id":48840},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48842,3121],{}," to round",[20,48845,48846],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[48,48848,48850],{"className":50,"code":48849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48851,48852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48853,48854,48856,48858,48860,48862,48865],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48855,102],{"class":101},[57,48857,105],{"class":71},[57,48859,2440],{"class":1102},[57,48861,105],{"class":71},[57,48863,48864],{"class":75},"4.9",[57,48866,117],{"class":71},[20,48868,216],{},[48,48870,48872],{"className":50,"code":48871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n",[15,48873,48874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,48875,48876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,48877,48871],{"class":75},[20,48879,3411,48880,48882,48883,48885],{},[15,48881,2389],{},", remember that ",[15,48884,3121],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[43,48887,2011],{"id":2010},[943,48889,12933,48891,48893],{"id":48890},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48892,3121],{}," round numbers?",[20,48895,46590,48896,48898],{},[15,48897,3121],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[943,48900,5389,48902,48905],{"id":48901},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48903,48904],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48907,29292,48908,48910,48911,48913,48914,40158],{},[15,48909,48315],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48912,3128],{}," first, then use ",[15,48915,3121],{},[943,48917,2015,48919,12945],{"id":48918},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48920,48921],{},"int(True)",[20,48923,5379,48924,28544,48926,42382,48928,620],{},[15,48925,3231],{},[15,48927,3914],{},[15,48929,1294],{},[943,48931,48933],{"id":48932},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48935,48936],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[43,48938,2135],{"id":2134},[30,48940,48941,48947,48953,48959,48964,48968,48974],{},[33,48942,48943],{},[614,48944,48945,2144],{"href":3125},[15,48946,3128],{},[33,48948,48949],{},[614,48950,48951,2144],{"href":42402},[15,48952,47906],{},[33,48954,48955],{},[614,48956,48957,2144],{"href":6012},[15,48958,4051],{},[33,48960,48961],{},[614,48962,48963],{"href":3205},"How to convert string to int in Python",[33,48965,48966],{},[614,48967,9286],{"href":9208},[33,48969,48970],{},[614,48971,48972,2144],{"href":8447},[15,48973,3201],{},[33,48975,48976],{},[614,48977,30577,48978],{"href":46141},[15,48979,46142],{},[2172,48981,48982],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":48984},[48985,48986,48988,48992,48997,48999,49001,49006,49010,49012,49021,49030],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":46853,"depth":98,"text":48987},"What int() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":48989},[48990,48991],{"id":47044,"depth":120,"text":47047},{"id":47144,"depth":120,"text":47147},{"id":47280,"depth":98,"text":48993,"children":48994},"Using int() with strings",[48995,48996],{"id":47401,"depth":120,"text":47402},{"id":47488,"depth":120,"text":47489},{"id":47763,"depth":98,"text":48998},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47909,"depth":98,"text":49000},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":48029,"depth":98,"text":48030,"children":49002},[49003,49004,49005],{"id":48040,"depth":120,"text":48041},{"id":48109,"depth":120,"text":48110},{"id":48150,"depth":120,"text":48151},{"id":1408,"depth":98,"text":1409,"children":49007},[49008,49009],{"id":41740,"depth":120,"text":1420},{"id":41806,"depth":120,"text":1539},{"id":48550,"depth":98,"text":49011},"When to use int()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":49013},[49014,49015,49016,49018,49019],{"id":48654,"depth":120,"text":48655},{"id":48706,"depth":120,"text":48707},{"id":48724,"depth":120,"text":49017},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48797,"depth":120,"text":48798},{"id":48840,"depth":120,"text":49020},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":49022},[49023,49025,49027,49029],{"id":48890,"depth":120,"text":49024},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48901,"depth":120,"text":49026},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48918,"depth":120,"text":49028},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48932,"depth":120,"text":48933},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42323,"description":49031},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":49038,"title":49039,"body":49040,"description":50875,"extension":2219,"meta":50876,"navigation":123,"path":45028,"seo":50877,"stem":50878,"__hash__":50879},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":49041,"toc":50831},[49042,49047,49052,49060,49069,49071,49130,49136,49141,49146,49149,49177,49180,49183,49194,49204,49206,49208,49228,49232,49260,49262,49301,49303,49311,49313,49316,49320,49373,49375,49387,49391,49448,49450,49462,49468,49474,49478,49481,49484,49550,49552,49564,49570,49572,49624,49627,49668,49671,49678,49687,49693,49696,49729,49735,49738,49769,49774,49777,49789,49793,49798,49802,49960,49962,49977,49980,49984,50088,50090,50107,50111,50172,50174,50182,50185,50189,50256,50258,50267,50273,50275,50284,50286,50321,50326,50328,50358,50362,50364,50401,50404,50406,50443,50449,50451,50501,50503,50511,50521,50527,50531,50536,50585,50587,50600,50603,50605,50608,50683,50686,50705,50708,50738,50748,50750,50755,50762,50768,50774,50781,50789,50795,50798,50800,50828],[10,49043,13,49045,18],{"id":49044},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,49046,45031],{},[20,49048,49049,49051],{},[15,49050,45031],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,49053,49054,49055,3122,49057,49059],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,49056,3845],{},[15,49058,3914],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49061,49062,49063,49065,49066,49068],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49064,45031],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49067,2552],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[43,49070,3850],{"id":3849},[48,49072,49074],{"className":50,"code":49073,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49075,49076,49084,49088,49109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49077,49078,49080,49082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49079,2696],{"class":63},[57,49081,68],{"class":67},[57,49083,2832],{"class":75},[57,49085,49086],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49087,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49089,49090,49092,49094,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105,49107],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49091,102],{"class":101},[57,49093,105],{"class":71},[57,49095,49096],{"class":101},"isinstance",[57,49098,105],{"class":71},[57,49100,364],{"class":113},[57,49102,79],{"class":71},[57,49104,45502],{"class":1102},[57,49106,5592],{"class":71},[57,49108,44080],{"class":3903},[57,49110,49111,49113,49115,49117,49119,49121,49123,49126,49128],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,49112,102],{"class":101},[57,49114,105],{"class":71},[57,49116,49096],{"class":101},[57,49118,105],{"class":71},[57,49120,364],{"class":113},[57,49122,79],{"class":71},[57,49124,49125],{"class":1102}," str",[57,49127,5592],{"class":71},[57,49129,44097],{"class":3903},[20,49131,1806,49132,49135],{},[15,49133,49134],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[43,49137,262,49139,265],{"id":49138},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49140,45031],{},[20,49142,49143,49145],{},[15,49144,45031],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49147,49148],{},"It:",[30,49150,49151,49154,49160,49163],{},[33,49152,49153],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[33,49155,11651,49156,3122,49158],{},[15,49157,3845],{},[15,49159,3914],{},[33,49161,49162],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[33,49164,49165,49166,2441,49168,2441,49170,2441,49172,17302,49175],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49167,1103],{},[15,49169,2440],{},[15,49171,8321],{},[15,49173,49174],{},"tuple",[15,49176,9049],{},[20,49178,49179],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49181,49182],{},"For example, you might want to:",[30,49184,49185,49188,49191],{},[33,49186,49187],{},"loop through a list",[33,49189,49190],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[33,49192,49193],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49195,49196,49197,3122,49200,620],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[614,49198,45023],{"href":49199},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[614,49201,49203],{"href":49202},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[43,49205,294],{"id":293},[20,49207,2412],{},[48,49209,49211],{"className":50,"code":49210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49212,49213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49214,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223,49226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49216,49096],{"class":101},[57,49218,105],{"class":71},[57,49220,42624],{"class":1102},[57,49222,79],{"class":71},[57,49224,49225],{"class":113}," classinfo",[57,49227,316],{"class":71},[943,49229,49231],{"id":49230},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[30,49233,49234,49239,49253],{},[33,49235,49236,49238],{},[15,49237,42624],{}," is the value you want to test",[33,49240,49241,49244,49245,2441,49247,2441,49249,2445,49251],{},[15,49242,49243],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49246,2440],{},[15,49248,1103],{},[15,49250,8321],{},[15,49252,9049],{},[33,49254,49255,49256,3122,49258],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49257,3845],{},[15,49259,3914],{},[20,49261,864],{},[48,49263,49265],{"className":50,"code":49264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49266,49267,49279,49283],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49268,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49270,8103],{"class":63},[57,49272,68],{"class":67},[57,49274,181],{"class":169},[57,49276,11737],{"class":173},[57,49278,3602],{"class":169},[57,49280,49281],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49282,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49284,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49286,102],{"class":101},[57,49288,105],{"class":71},[57,49290,49096],{"class":101},[57,49292,105],{"class":71},[57,49294,7898],{"class":113},[57,49296,79],{"class":71},[57,49298,49125],{"class":1102},[57,49300,117],{"class":71},[20,49302,216],{},[48,49304,49305],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49306,49307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49308,49309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49310,4214],{"class":1523},[43,49312,11703],{"id":11702},[20,49314,49315],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[943,49317,49319],{"id":49318},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[48,49321,49323],{"className":50,"code":49322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49324,49325,49333,49337,49355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49326,49327,49329,49331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49328,2696],{"class":63},[57,49330,68],{"class":67},[57,49332,45451],{"class":75},[57,49334,49335],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49336,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49338,49339,49341,49343,49345,49347,49349,49351,49353],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49340,102],{"class":101},[57,49342,105],{"class":71},[57,49344,49096],{"class":101},[57,49346,105],{"class":71},[57,49348,364],{"class":113},[57,49350,79],{"class":71},[57,49352,45502],{"class":1102},[57,49354,117],{"class":71},[57,49356,49357,49359,49361,49363,49365,49367,49369,49371],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,49358,102],{"class":101},[57,49360,105],{"class":71},[57,49362,49096],{"class":101},[57,49364,105],{"class":71},[57,49366,364],{"class":113},[57,49368,79],{"class":71},[57,49370,49125],{"class":1102},[57,49372,117],{"class":71},[20,49374,216],{},[48,49376,49377],{"className":50,"code":44399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49378,49379,49383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49380,49381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49382,4214],{"class":1523},[57,49384,49385],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49386,4275],{"class":1523},[943,49388,49390],{"id":49389},"check-text","Check text",[48,49392,49394],{"className":50,"code":49393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49395,49396,49408,49412,49430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49397,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49399,34918],{"class":63},[57,49401,68],{"class":67},[57,49403,181],{"class":169},[57,49405,4084],{"class":173},[57,49407,3602],{"class":169},[57,49409,49410],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49411,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49413,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49415,102],{"class":101},[57,49417,105],{"class":71},[57,49419,49096],{"class":101},[57,49421,105],{"class":71},[57,49423,1222],{"class":113},[57,49425,79],{"class":71},[57,49427,49125],{"class":1102},[57,49429,117],{"class":71},[57,49431,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444,49446],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,49433,102],{"class":101},[57,49435,105],{"class":71},[57,49437,49096],{"class":101},[57,49439,105],{"class":71},[57,49441,1222],{"class":113},[57,49443,79],{"class":71},[57,49445,45502],{"class":1102},[57,49447,117],{"class":71},[20,49449,216],{},[48,49451,49452],{"className":50,"code":44399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49453,49454,49458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49455,49456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49457,4214],{"class":1523},[57,49459,49460],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49461,4275],{"class":1523},[20,49463,49464,49465,49467],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49466,45031],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49469,49470,49471,620],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[614,49472,49473],{"href":3205},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[43,49475,49477],{"id":49476},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49479,49480],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49482,49483],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[48,49485,49487],{"className":50,"code":49486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49488,49489,49498,49502,49526],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49490,49491,49493,49495],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49492,2696],{"class":63},[57,49494,68],{"class":67},[57,49496,49497],{"class":75}," 3.5\n",[57,49499,49500],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49501,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49503,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49505,102],{"class":101},[57,49507,105],{"class":71},[57,49509,49096],{"class":101},[57,49511,105],{"class":71},[57,49513,364],{"class":113},[57,49515,79],{"class":71},[57,49517,9463],{"class":71},[57,49519,2440],{"class":1102},[57,49521,79],{"class":71},[57,49523,40484],{"class":1102},[57,49525,1225],{"class":71},[57,49527,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546,49548],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,49529,102],{"class":101},[57,49531,105],{"class":71},[57,49533,49096],{"class":101},[57,49535,105],{"class":71},[57,49537,364],{"class":113},[57,49539,79],{"class":71},[57,49541,9463],{"class":71},[57,49543,1103],{"class":1102},[57,49545,79],{"class":71},[57,49547,22790],{"class":1102},[57,49549,1225],{"class":71},[20,49551,216],{},[48,49553,49554],{"className":50,"code":44399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,49555,49556,49560],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49557,49558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49559,4214],{"class":1523},[57,49561,49562],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49563,4275],{"class":1523},[20,49565,49566,49567,49569],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49568,41064],{}," conditions.",[20,49571,8526],{},[48,49573,49575],{"className":50,"code":49574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49576,49577,49585,49589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49578,49579,49581,49583],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49580,2696],{"class":63},[57,49582,68],{"class":67},[57,49584,49497],{"class":75},[57,49586,49587],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49588,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49590,49591,49593,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49592,102],{"class":101},[57,49594,105],{"class":71},[57,49596,1886],{"class":1102},[57,49598,105],{"class":71},[57,49600,364],{"class":113},[57,49602,1959],{"class":71},[57,49604,6638],{"class":67},[57,49606,45502],{"class":1102},[57,49608,48456],{"class":1962},[57,49610,49611],{"class":1102}," type",[57,49613,105],{"class":71},[57,49615,364],{"class":113},[57,49617,1959],{"class":71},[57,49619,6638],{"class":67},[57,49621,40484],{"class":1102},[57,49623,316],{"class":71},[20,49625,49626],{},"you can write this:",[48,49628,49630],{"className":50,"code":49629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49631,49632,49640,49644],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49633,49634,49636,49638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49635,2696],{"class":63},[57,49637,68],{"class":67},[57,49639,49497],{"class":75},[57,49641,49642],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49643,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49645,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654,49656,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49647,102],{"class":101},[57,49649,105],{"class":71},[57,49651,49096],{"class":101},[57,49653,105],{"class":71},[57,49655,364],{"class":113},[57,49657,79],{"class":71},[57,49659,9463],{"class":71},[57,49661,2440],{"class":1102},[57,49663,79],{"class":71},[57,49665,40484],{"class":1102},[57,49667,1225],{"class":71},[20,49669,49670],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[43,49672,49674,1682,49676],{"id":49673},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49675,45031],{},[15,49677,2552],{},[20,49679,10817,49680,1242,49682,49686],{},[15,49681,45031],{},[614,49683,49684],{"href":2549},[15,49685,2552],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[943,49688,49690],{"id":49689},"typevalue-int",[15,49691,49692],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49694,49695],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[48,49697,49699],{"className":50,"code":49698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49700,49701,49709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49702,49703,49705,49707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49704,2696],{"class":63},[57,49706,68],{"class":67},[57,49708,2832],{"class":75},[57,49710,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719,49721,49723,49725,49727],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49712,102],{"class":101},[57,49714,105],{"class":71},[57,49716,1886],{"class":1102},[57,49718,105],{"class":71},[57,49720,364],{"class":113},[57,49722,1959],{"class":71},[57,49724,6638],{"class":67},[57,49726,45502],{"class":1102},[57,49728,316],{"class":71},[943,49730,49732],{"id":49731},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49733,49734],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49736,49737],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[48,49739,49741],{"className":50,"code":49740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49742,49743,49751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49744,49745,49747,49749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49746,2696],{"class":63},[57,49748,68],{"class":67},[57,49750,2832],{"class":75},[57,49752,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49754,102],{"class":101},[57,49756,105],{"class":71},[57,49758,49096],{"class":101},[57,49760,105],{"class":71},[57,49762,364],{"class":113},[57,49764,79],{"class":71},[57,49766,45502],{"class":1102},[57,49768,117],{"class":71},[20,49770,1239,49771,49773],{},[15,49772,45031],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49775,49776],{},"In everyday code:",[30,49778,49779,49784],{},[33,49780,40219,49781,49783],{},[15,49782,2552],{}," when you need the exact type",[33,49785,40219,49786,49788],{},[15,49787,45031],{}," when you want a practical type check",[43,49790,49792],{"id":49791},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49794,49795,49796,620],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49797,45031],{},[943,49799,49801],{"id":49800},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[48,49803,49805],{"className":50,"code":49804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49806,49807,49825,49844,49856,49861,49879,49890,49894,49906,49910,49934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49808,49809,49811,49814,49816,49818,49820,49823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49810,35081],{"class":1208},[57,49812,49813],{"class":35084}," repeat_text",[57,49815,105],{"class":71},[57,49817,1222],{"class":1211},[57,49819,79],{"class":71},[57,49821,49822],{"class":1211}," count",[57,49824,8570],{"class":71},[57,49826,49827,49829,49831,49834,49836,49838,49840,49842],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49828,6628],{"class":1962},[57,49830,8327],{"class":67},[57,49832,49833],{"class":101}," isinstance",[57,49835,105],{"class":71},[57,49837,1222],{"class":113},[57,49839,79],{"class":71},[57,49841,49125],{"class":1102},[57,49843,8570],{"class":71},[57,49845,49846,49849,49851,49854],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,49847,49848],{"class":1962},"        return",[57,49850,181],{"class":169},[57,49852,49853],{"class":173},"text must be a string",[57,49855,3602],{"class":169},[57,49857,49858],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,49859,49860],{"class":63},"    \n",[57,49862,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,49864,6628],{"class":1962},[57,49866,8327],{"class":67},[57,49868,49833],{"class":101},[57,49870,105],{"class":71},[57,49872,41486],{"class":113},[57,49874,79],{"class":71},[57,49876,45502],{"class":1102},[57,49878,8570],{"class":71},[57,49880,49881,49883,49885,49888],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,49882,49848],{"class":1962},[57,49884,181],{"class":169},[57,49886,49887],{"class":173},"count must be an integer",[57,49889,3602],{"class":169},[57,49891,49892],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,49893,49860],{"class":63},[57,49895,49896,49898,49901,49903],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,49897,35092],{"class":1962},[57,49899,49900],{"class":63}," text ",[57,49902,40101],{"class":67},[57,49904,49905],{"class":63}," count\n",[57,49907,49908],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,49909,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,49911,49912,49914,49916,49919,49921,49923,49926,49928,49930,49932],{"class":59,"line":6666},[57,49913,102],{"class":101},[57,49915,105],{"class":71},[57,49917,49918],{"class":113},"repeat_text",[57,49920,105],{"class":71},[57,49922,170],{"class":169},[57,49924,49925],{"class":173},"Hi ",[57,49927,170],{"class":169},[57,49929,79],{"class":71},[57,49931,1793],{"class":75},[57,49933,117],{"class":71},[57,49935,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958],{"class":59,"line":11823},[57,49937,102],{"class":101},[57,49939,105],{"class":71},[57,49941,49918],{"class":113},[57,49943,105],{"class":71},[57,49945,170],{"class":169},[57,49947,49925],{"class":173},[57,49949,170],{"class":169},[57,49951,79],{"class":71},[57,49953,181],{"class":169},[57,49955,76],{"class":173},[57,49957,170],{"class":169},[57,49959,117],{"class":71},[20,49961,216],{},[48,49963,49965],{"className":50,"code":49964,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49966,49967,49972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49968,49969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49970,49971],{"class":63},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[57,49973,49974],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,49975,49976],{"class":63},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49978,49979],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[943,49981,49983],{"id":49982},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[48,49985,49987],{"className":50,"code":49986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49988,49989,50021,50025,50041,50056,50073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,49990,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011,50013,50015,50017,50019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,49992,2696],{"class":63},[57,49994,68],{"class":67},[57,49996,72],{"class":71},[57,49998,170],{"class":169},[57,50000,614],{"class":173},[57,50002,170],{"class":169},[57,50004,79],{"class":71},[57,50006,181],{"class":169},[57,50008,4993],{"class":173},[57,50010,170],{"class":169},[57,50012,79],{"class":71},[57,50014,181],{"class":169},[57,50016,9966],{"class":173},[57,50018,170],{"class":169},[57,50020,95],{"class":71},[57,50022,50023],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50024,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,50026,50027,50029,50031,50033,50035,50037,50039],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,50028,7228],{"class":1962},[57,50030,49833],{"class":101},[57,50032,105],{"class":71},[57,50034,364],{"class":113},[57,50036,79],{"class":71},[57,50038,49125],{"class":1102},[57,50040,8570],{"class":71},[57,50042,50043,50045,50047,50049,50052,50054],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,50044,8296],{"class":101},[57,50046,105],{"class":71},[57,50048,170],{"class":169},[57,50050,50051],{"class":173},"This is text",[57,50053,170],{"class":169},[57,50055,316],{"class":71},[57,50057,50058,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,50059,50060],{"class":1962},"elif",[57,50062,49833],{"class":101},[57,50064,105],{"class":71},[57,50066,364],{"class":113},[57,50068,79],{"class":71},[57,50070,22790],{"class":1102},[57,50072,8570],{"class":71},[57,50074,50075,50077,50079,50081,50084,50086],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,50076,8296],{"class":101},[57,50078,105],{"class":71},[57,50080,170],{"class":169},[57,50082,50083],{"class":173},"This is a list",[57,50085,170],{"class":169},[57,50087,316],{"class":71},[20,50089,216],{},[48,50091,50093],{"className":50,"code":50092,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a list\n",[15,50094,50095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50096,50097,50100,50102,50104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50098,50099],{"class":63},"This ",[57,50101,1481],{"class":67},[57,50103,44770],{"class":63},[57,50105,50106],{"class":1102},"list\n",[943,50108,50110],{"id":50109},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[48,50112,50114],{"className":50,"code":50113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50115,50116,50128,50132,50148,50162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50117,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50119,2696],{"class":63},[57,50121,68],{"class":67},[57,50123,181],{"class":169},[57,50125,46751],{"class":173},[57,50127,3602],{"class":169},[57,50129,50130],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50131,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,50133,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,50135,7228],{"class":1962},[57,50137,49833],{"class":101},[57,50139,105],{"class":71},[57,50141,364],{"class":113},[57,50143,79],{"class":71},[57,50145,49125],{"class":1102},[57,50147,8570],{"class":71},[57,50149,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,50151,42117],{"class":63},[57,50153,68],{"class":67},[57,50155,45502],{"class":1102},[57,50157,105],{"class":71},[57,50159,364],{"class":113},[57,50161,316],{"class":71},[57,50163,50164,50166,50168,50170],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,50165,8296],{"class":101},[57,50167,105],{"class":71},[57,50169,2490],{"class":113},[57,50171,316],{"class":71},[20,50173,216],{},[48,50175,50176],{"className":50,"code":756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,50177,50178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50179,50180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50181,756],{"class":75},[20,50183,50184],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[943,50186,50188],{"id":50187},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[48,50190,50192],{"className":50,"code":50191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50193,50194,50218,50222,50238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50195,50196,50198,50200,50202,50204,50206,50208,50210,50212,50214,50216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50197,2696],{"class":63},[57,50199,68],{"class":67},[57,50201,10718],{"class":71},[57,50203,170],{"class":169},[57,50205,7898],{"class":173},[57,50207,170],{"class":169},[57,50209,270],{"class":71},[57,50211,181],{"class":169},[57,50213,13110],{"class":173},[57,50215,170],{"class":169},[57,50217,9536],{"class":71},[57,50219,50220],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50221,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,50223,50224,50226,50228,50230,50232,50234,50236],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,50225,7228],{"class":1962},[57,50227,49833],{"class":101},[57,50229,105],{"class":71},[57,50231,364],{"class":113},[57,50233,79],{"class":71},[57,50235,9398],{"class":1102},[57,50237,8570],{"class":71},[57,50239,50240,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,50241,8296],{"class":101},[57,50243,105],{"class":71},[57,50245,364],{"class":113},[57,50247,1785],{"class":71},[57,50249,170],{"class":169},[57,50251,7898],{"class":173},[57,50253,170],{"class":169},[57,50255,1975],{"class":71},[20,50257,216],{},[48,50259,50261],{"className":50,"code":50260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n",[15,50262,50263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50264,50265],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50266,50260],{"class":63},[20,50268,50269,50270,50272],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50271,1539],{}," messages later.",[43,50274,4751],{"id":4750},[943,50276,50278,50279,11320,50282],{"id":50277},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50280,50281],{},"\"int\"",[15,50283,2440],{},[20,50285,16873],{},[48,50287,50289],{"className":50,"code":50288,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50290,50291,50299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50292,50293,50295,50297],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50294,2696],{"class":63},[57,50296,68],{"class":67},[57,50298,2832],{"class":75},[57,50300,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50302,102],{"class":101},[57,50304,105],{"class":71},[57,50306,49096],{"class":101},[57,50308,105],{"class":71},[57,50310,364],{"class":113},[57,50312,79],{"class":71},[57,50314,181],{"class":169},[57,50316,2440],{"class":173},[57,50318,170],{"class":169},[57,50320,117],{"class":71},[20,50322,50323,50325],{},[15,50324,50281],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50327,16885],{},[48,50329,50330],{"className":50,"code":49740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,50331,50332,50340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50333,50334,50336,50338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50335,2696],{"class":63},[57,50337,68],{"class":67},[57,50339,2832],{"class":75},[57,50341,50342,50344,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50343,102],{"class":101},[57,50345,105],{"class":71},[57,50347,49096],{"class":101},[57,50349,105],{"class":71},[57,50351,364],{"class":113},[57,50353,79],{"class":71},[57,50355,45502],{"class":1102},[57,50357,117],{"class":71},[943,50359,50361],{"id":50360},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50363,16873],{},[48,50365,50367],{"className":50,"code":50366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50368,50369,50377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50370,50371,50373,50375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50372,2696],{"class":63},[57,50374,68],{"class":67},[57,50376,35072],{"class":75},[57,50378,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50380,102],{"class":101},[57,50382,105],{"class":71},[57,50384,49096],{"class":101},[57,50386,105],{"class":71},[57,50388,364],{"class":113},[57,50390,79],{"class":71},[57,50392,72],{"class":71},[57,50394,2440],{"class":1102},[57,50396,79],{"class":71},[57,50398,40484],{"class":1102},[57,50400,3242],{"class":71},[20,50402,50403],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50405,16885],{},[48,50407,50409],{"className":50,"code":50408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50410,50411,50419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50412,50413,50415,50417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50414,2696],{"class":63},[57,50416,68],{"class":67},[57,50418,35072],{"class":75},[57,50420,50421,50423,50425,50427,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50422,102],{"class":101},[57,50424,105],{"class":71},[57,50426,49096],{"class":101},[57,50428,105],{"class":71},[57,50430,364],{"class":113},[57,50432,79],{"class":71},[57,50434,9463],{"class":71},[57,50436,2440],{"class":1102},[57,50438,79],{"class":71},[57,50440,40484],{"class":1102},[57,50442,1225],{"class":71},[943,50444,26005,50446,50448],{"id":50445},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50447,45031],{}," converts a value",[20,50450,19145],{},[48,50452,50454],{"className":50,"code":50453,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50455,50456,50469,50487,50491],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50457,50458,50460,50462,50464,50467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50459,2696],{"class":63},[57,50461,68],{"class":67},[57,50463,181],{"class":169},[57,50465,50466],{"class":173},"123",[57,50468,3602],{"class":169},[57,50470,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483,50485],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50472,1336],{"class":63},[57,50474,68],{"class":67},[57,50476,49833],{"class":101},[57,50478,105],{"class":71},[57,50480,364],{"class":113},[57,50482,79],{"class":71},[57,50484,45502],{"class":1102},[57,50486,316],{"class":71},[57,50488,50489],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,50490,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,50492,50493,50495,50497,50499],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,50494,102],{"class":101},[57,50496,105],{"class":71},[57,50498,1368],{"class":113},[57,50500,316],{"class":71},[20,50502,216],{},[48,50504,50505],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,50506,50507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50508,50509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50510,4275],{"class":1523},[20,50512,50513,50514,50517,50518,50520],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50515,50516],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50519,50466],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50522,50523,50524,6861],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50525,50526],{},"int(value)",[943,50528,50530],{"id":50529},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50532,50533,50535],{},[15,50534,45031],{}," does not modify anything.",[48,50537,50539],{"className":50,"code":50538,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50540,50541,50553,50557,50575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50542,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50544,2696],{"class":63},[57,50546,68],{"class":67},[57,50548,181],{"class":169},[57,50550,13788],{"class":173},[57,50552,3602],{"class":169},[57,50554,50555],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50556,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,50558,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,50560,102],{"class":101},[57,50562,105],{"class":71},[57,50564,49096],{"class":101},[57,50566,105],{"class":71},[57,50568,364],{"class":113},[57,50570,79],{"class":71},[57,50572,49125],{"class":1102},[57,50574,117],{"class":71},[57,50576,50577,50579,50581,50583],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,50578,102],{"class":101},[57,50580,105],{"class":71},[57,50582,364],{"class":113},[57,50584,316],{"class":71},[20,50586,216],{},[48,50588,50590],{"className":50,"code":50589,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n100\n",[15,50591,50592,50596],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50593,50594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50595,4214],{"class":1523},[57,50597,50598],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50599,47485],{"class":75},[20,50601,50602],{},"The value stays the same.",[43,50604,26173],{"id":26172},[20,50606,50607],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[48,50609,50611],{"className":50,"code":50610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50612,50613,50627,50645,50669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50614,50615,50617,50619,50621,50623,50625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50616,102],{"class":101},[57,50618,105],{"class":71},[57,50620,1886],{"class":1102},[57,50622,105],{"class":71},[57,50624,364],{"class":113},[57,50626,117],{"class":71},[57,50628,50629,50631,50633,50635,50637,50639,50641,50643],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50630,102],{"class":101},[57,50632,105],{"class":71},[57,50634,49096],{"class":101},[57,50636,105],{"class":71},[57,50638,364],{"class":113},[57,50640,79],{"class":71},[57,50642,45502],{"class":1102},[57,50644,117],{"class":71},[57,50646,50647,50649,50651,50653,50655,50657,50659,50661,50663,50665,50667],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,50648,102],{"class":101},[57,50650,105],{"class":71},[57,50652,49096],{"class":101},[57,50654,105],{"class":71},[57,50656,364],{"class":113},[57,50658,79],{"class":71},[57,50660,9463],{"class":71},[57,50662,2440],{"class":1102},[57,50664,79],{"class":71},[57,50666,40484],{"class":1102},[57,50668,1225],{"class":71},[57,50670,50671,50673,50675,50677,50679,50681],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,50672,102],{"class":101},[57,50674,105],{"class":71},[57,50676,42006],{"class":101},[57,50678,105],{"class":71},[57,50680,364],{"class":113},[57,50682,117],{"class":71},[20,50684,50685],{},"These can help when:",[30,50687,50688,50691,50696,50699],{},[33,50689,50690],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[33,50692,50693,50694],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50695,1539],{},[33,50697,50698],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[33,50700,50701,50702,50704],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50703,45031],{}," is invalid",[20,50706,50707],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[30,50709,50710,50724,50730,50735],{},[33,50711,50712,50713,3122,50716,50719,50720,3122,50722],{},"using ",[15,50714,50715],{},"'int'",[15,50717,50718],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50721,2440],{},[15,50723,1103],{},[33,50725,50726,50727,50729],{},"expecting ",[15,50728,45031],{}," to convert a value",[33,50731,50712,50732,50734],{},[15,50733,2552],{}," when inherited types should also match",[33,50736,50737],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50739,50740,50741,620],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[614,50742,50744,50745],{"href":50743},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50746,50747],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[43,50749,2011],{"id":2010},[943,50751,2015,50753,2018],{"id":50752},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50754,45031],{},[20,50756,5379,50757,50759,50760,620],{},[15,50758,3845],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50761,3914],{},[943,50763,2025,50765,50767],{"id":50764},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50766,45031],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50769,50770,50771,620],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50772,50773],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[943,50775,2119,50777,1242,50779,2053],{"id":50776},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50778,45031],{},[15,50780,2552],{},[20,50782,50783,50785,50786,50788],{},[15,50784,2552],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50787,45031],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[943,50790,12933,50792,50794],{"id":50791},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50793,45031],{}," convert a value?",[20,50796,50797],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[43,50799,2135],{"id":2134},[30,50801,50802,50808,50812,50817,50822],{},[33,50803,50804],{},[614,50805,13,50806,2144],{"href":2549},[15,50807,2552],{},[33,50809,50810],{},[614,50811,45023],{"href":49199},[33,50813,50814],{},[614,50815,50816],{"href":3205},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[33,50818,50819],{},[614,50820,50821],{"href":49202},"What is a data type in Python?",[33,50823,50824],{},[614,50825,50744,50826],{"href":50743},[15,50827,50747],{},[2172,50829,50830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":50832},[50833,50834,50836,50839,50843,50844,50849,50855,50863,50864,50874],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":49138,"depth":98,"text":50835},"What isinstance() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":50837},[50838],{"id":49230,"depth":120,"text":49231},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703,"children":50840},[50841,50842],{"id":49318,"depth":120,"text":49319},{"id":49389,"depth":120,"text":49390},{"id":49476,"depth":98,"text":49477},{"id":49673,"depth":98,"text":50845,"children":50846},"isinstance() vs type()",[50847,50848],{"id":49689,"depth":120,"text":49692},{"id":49731,"depth":120,"text":49734},{"id":49791,"depth":98,"text":49792,"children":50850},[50851,50852,50853,50854],{"id":49800,"depth":120,"text":49801},{"id":49982,"depth":120,"text":49983},{"id":50109,"depth":120,"text":50110},{"id":50187,"depth":120,"text":50188},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":50856},[50857,50859,50860,50862],{"id":50277,"depth":120,"text":50858},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50360,"depth":120,"text":50361},{"id":50445,"depth":120,"text":50861},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50529,"depth":120,"text":50530},{"id":26172,"depth":98,"text":26173},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":50865},[50866,50868,50870,50872],{"id":50752,"depth":120,"text":50867},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50764,"depth":120,"text":50869},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50776,"depth":120,"text":50871},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50791,"depth":120,"text":50873},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":49039,"description":50875},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50881,"title":50882,"body":50883,"description":52853,"extension":2219,"meta":52854,"navigation":123,"path":52855,"seo":52856,"stem":52857,"__hash__":52858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50884,"toc":52828},[50885,50888,50893,50898,50912,50915,50917,50992,50997,51001,51006,51009,51023,51025,51191,51204,51206,51208,51223,51226,51229,51242,51244,51342,51346,51352,51355,51364,51366,51401,51406,51427,51432,51437,51469,51472,51529,51533,51539,51542,51595,51597,51637,51640,51708,51711,51761,51768,51772,51778,51863,51869,51875,51924,51927,51930,51980,51982,51987,51991,52041,52045,52092,52096,52173,52177,52242,52245,52249,52254,52259,52271,52273,52292,52298,52300,52319,52324,52351,52358,52362,52368,52371,52466,52469,52472,52521,52526,52528,52532,52567,52570,52627,52637,52640,52674,52677,52679,52683,52686,52690,52693,52697,52700,52704,52716,52720,52725,52727,52777,52789,52791,52825],[10,50886,50882],{"id":50887},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50889,22,50890,50892],{},[15,50891,1033],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50894,35636,50895,50897],{},[15,50896,1033],{}," to count:",[30,50899,50900,50903,50906,50909],{},[33,50901,50902],{},"characters in a string",[33,50904,50905],{},"items in a list or tuple",[33,50907,50908],{},"keys in a dictionary",[33,50910,50911],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50913,50914],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[43,50916,46],{"id":45},[48,50918,50920],{"className":50,"code":50919,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50921,50922,50934,50954,50958,50975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,50923,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,50925,34918],{"class":63},[57,50927,68],{"class":67},[57,50929,181],{"class":169},[57,50931,4084],{"class":173},[57,50933,3602],{"class":169},[57,50935,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948,50950,50952],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,50937,1147],{"class":63},[57,50939,68],{"class":67},[57,50941,72],{"class":71},[57,50943,1561],{"class":75},[57,50945,79],{"class":71},[57,50947,1617],{"class":75},[57,50949,79],{"class":71},[57,50951,1575],{"class":75},[57,50953,95],{"class":71},[57,50955,50956],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,50957,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,50959,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,50961,102],{"class":101},[57,50963,105],{"class":71},[57,50965,1007],{"class":101},[57,50967,105],{"class":71},[57,50969,1222],{"class":113},[57,50971,5592],{"class":71},[57,50973,50974],{"class":3903},"   # 5\n",[57,50976,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,50978,102],{"class":101},[57,50980,105],{"class":71},[57,50982,1007],{"class":101},[57,50984,105],{"class":71},[57,50986,1199],{"class":113},[57,50988,5592],{"class":71},[57,50990,50991],{"class":3903},"  # 3\n",[20,50993,1806,50994,50996],{},[15,50995,1033],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[43,50998,51000],{"id":50999},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,51002,51003,51005],{},[15,51004,1033],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,51007,51008],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[30,51010,51011,51014,51017,51020],{},[33,51012,51013],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[33,51015,51016],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[33,51018,51019],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[33,51021,51022],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,51024,864],{},[48,51026,51028],{"className":50,"code":51027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,51029,51030,51042,51067,51099,51119,51123,51140,51157,51174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51031,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51033,8103],{"class":63},[57,51035,68],{"class":67},[57,51037,181],{"class":169},[57,51039,7907],{"class":173},[57,51041,3602],{"class":169},[57,51043,51044,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51065],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51045,64],{"class":63},[57,51047,68],{"class":67},[57,51049,72],{"class":71},[57,51051,1561],{"class":75},[57,51053,79],{"class":71},[57,51055,1617],{"class":75},[57,51057,79],{"class":71},[57,51059,1575],{"class":75},[57,51061,79],{"class":71},[57,51063,51064],{"class":75}," 40",[57,51066,95],{"class":71},[57,51068,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51081,51083,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,51070,9393],{"class":63},[57,51072,68],{"class":67},[57,51074,10718],{"class":71},[57,51076,170],{"class":169},[57,51078,614],{"class":173},[57,51080,170],{"class":169},[57,51082,270],{"class":71},[57,51084,5729],{"class":75},[57,51086,79],{"class":71},[57,51088,181],{"class":169},[57,51090,4993],{"class":173},[57,51092,170],{"class":169},[57,51094,270],{"class":71},[57,51096,87],{"class":75},[57,51098,9536],{"class":71},[57,51100,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,51102,4061],{"class":63},[57,51104,68],{"class":67},[57,51106,10718],{"class":71},[57,51108,2389],{"class":75},[57,51110,79],{"class":71},[57,51112,37874],{"class":75},[57,51114,79],{"class":71},[57,51116,657],{"class":75},[57,51118,9536],{"class":71},[57,51120,51121],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,51122,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,51124,51125,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,51126,102],{"class":101},[57,51128,105],{"class":71},[57,51130,1007],{"class":101},[57,51132,105],{"class":71},[57,51134,7898],{"class":113},[57,51136,5592],{"class":71},[57,51138,51139],{"class":3903},"     # 3\n",[57,51141,51142,51144,51146,51148,51150,51152,51154],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,51143,102],{"class":101},[57,51145,105],{"class":71},[57,51147,1007],{"class":101},[57,51149,105],{"class":71},[57,51151,114],{"class":113},[57,51153,5592],{"class":71},[57,51155,51156],{"class":3903},"  # 4\n",[57,51158,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,51160,102],{"class":101},[57,51162,105],{"class":71},[57,51164,1007],{"class":101},[57,51166,105],{"class":71},[57,51168,9431],{"class":113},[57,51170,5592],{"class":71},[57,51172,51173],{"class":3903},"     # 2\n",[57,51175,51176,51178,51180,51182,51184,51186,51188],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,51177,102],{"class":101},[57,51179,105],{"class":71},[57,51181,1007],{"class":101},[57,51183,105],{"class":71},[57,51185,5589],{"class":113},[57,51187,5592],{"class":71},[57,51189,51190],{"class":3903},"   # 3\n",[20,51192,51193,51194,2441,51198,17302,51202,620],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[614,51195,51197],{"href":51196},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[614,51199,51201],{"href":51200},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[614,51203,9383],{"href":9382},[43,51205,294],{"id":293},[20,51207,2412],{},[48,51209,51211],{"className":50,"code":51210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(object)\n",[15,51212,51213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51214,51215,51217,51219,51221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51216,1007],{"class":101},[57,51218,105],{"class":71},[57,51220,42624],{"class":1102},[57,51222,316],{"class":71},[20,51224,51225],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51227,51228],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[30,51230,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239],{},[33,51232,38136],{},[33,51234,38130],{},[33,51236,38133],{},[33,51238,38139],{},[33,51240,51241],{},"a dictionary",[20,51243,864],{},[48,51245,51247],{"className":50,"code":51246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51248,51249,51270,51294,51316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51250,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51252,102],{"class":101},[57,51254,105],{"class":71},[57,51256,1007],{"class":101},[57,51258,105],{"class":71},[57,51260,170],{"class":169},[57,51262,52],{"class":173},[57,51264,170],{"class":169},[57,51266,5592],{"class":71},[57,51268,51269],{"class":3903},"      # 6\n",[57,51271,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288,51290,51292],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51273,102],{"class":101},[57,51275,105],{"class":71},[57,51277,1007],{"class":101},[57,51279,1949],{"class":71},[57,51281,3231],{"class":75},[57,51283,79],{"class":71},[57,51285,87],{"class":75},[57,51287,79],{"class":71},[57,51289,1793],{"class":75},[57,51291,4967],{"class":71},[57,51293,51139],{"class":3903},[57,51295,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310,51313],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,51297,102],{"class":101},[57,51299,105],{"class":71},[57,51301,1007],{"class":101},[57,51303,5742],{"class":71},[57,51305,1561],{"class":75},[57,51307,79],{"class":71},[57,51309,1617],{"class":75},[57,51311,51312],{"class":71},")))",[57,51314,51315],{"class":3903},"      # 2\n",[57,51317,51318,51320,51322,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51339],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,51319,102],{"class":101},[57,51321,105],{"class":71},[57,51323,1007],{"class":101},[57,51325,5761],{"class":71},[57,51327,170],{"class":169},[57,51329,1956],{"class":173},[57,51331,170],{"class":169},[57,51333,270],{"class":71},[57,51335,5729],{"class":75},[57,51337,51338],{"class":71},"}))",[57,51340,51341],{"class":3903},"      # 1\n",[43,51343,51345],{"id":51344},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51347,51348,51349,51351],{},"When you use ",[15,51350,1033],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51353,51354],{},"That includes:",[30,51356,51357,51359,51361],{},[33,51358,36375],{},[33,51360,10679],{},[33,51362,51363],{},"punctuation",[20,51365,864],{},[48,51367,51369],{"className":50,"code":51368,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51370,51371,51384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51372,51373,51375,51377,51379,51382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51374,34918],{"class":63},[57,51376,68],{"class":67},[57,51378,181],{"class":169},[57,51380,51381],{"class":173},"Hi there!",[57,51383,3602],{"class":169},[57,51385,51386,51388,51390,51392,51394,51396,51398],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51387,102],{"class":101},[57,51389,105],{"class":71},[57,51391,1007],{"class":101},[57,51393,105],{"class":71},[57,51395,1222],{"class":113},[57,51397,5592],{"class":71},[57,51399,51400],{"class":3903},"  # 9\n",[20,51402,51403,51404,2053],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51405,2397],{},[30,51407,51408,51414,51418,51421],{},[33,51409,51410,51413],{},[15,51411,51412],{},"H"," = 1",[33,51415,51416,51413],{},[15,51417,36386],{},[33,51419,51420],{},"space = 1",[33,51422,51423,51426],{},[15,51424,51425],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51428,51429,51430],{},"Total: ",[15,51431,2397],{},[20,51433,51434,51435,270],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51436,1294],{},[48,51438,51440],{"className":50,"code":51439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51441,51442,51451],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51443,51444,51447,51449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51445,51446],{"class":63},"empty_text ",[57,51448,68],{"class":67},[57,51450,8108],{"class":169},[57,51452,51453,51455,51457,51459,51461,51464,51466],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51454,102],{"class":101},[57,51456,105],{"class":71},[57,51458,1007],{"class":101},[57,51460,105],{"class":71},[57,51462,51463],{"class":113},"empty_text",[57,51465,5592],{"class":71},[57,51467,51468],{"class":3903},"  # 0\n",[20,51470,51471],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[48,51473,51475],{"className":50,"code":51474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51476,51477,51490,51494,51514],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51478,51479,51482,51484,51486,51488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51480,51481],{"class":63},"user_name ",[57,51483,68],{"class":67},[57,51485,181],{"class":169},[57,51487,5237],{"class":173},[57,51489,3602],{"class":169},[57,51491,51492],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51493,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,51495,51496,51498,51500,51502,51505,51507,51510,51512],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,51497,7228],{"class":1962},[57,51499,1217],{"class":101},[57,51501,105],{"class":71},[57,51503,51504],{"class":113},"user_name",[57,51506,1959],{"class":71},[57,51508,51509],{"class":67}," >=",[57,51511,1793],{"class":75},[57,51513,6623],{"class":71},[57,51515,51516,51518,51520,51522,51525,51527],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,51517,8296],{"class":101},[57,51519,105],{"class":71},[57,51521,170],{"class":169},[57,51523,51524],{"class":173},"Name is long enough",[57,51526,170],{"class":169},[57,51528,316],{"class":71},[43,51530,51532],{"id":51531},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51534,51535,51536,51538],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51537,1033],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51540,51541],{},"Example with a list:",[48,51543,51545],{"className":50,"code":51544,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51546,51547,51579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51548,51549,51551,51553,51555,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51550,13306],{"class":63},[57,51552,68],{"class":67},[57,51554,72],{"class":71},[57,51556,170],{"class":169},[57,51558,13323],{"class":173},[57,51560,170],{"class":169},[57,51562,79],{"class":71},[57,51564,181],{"class":169},[57,51566,17686],{"class":173},[57,51568,170],{"class":169},[57,51570,79],{"class":71},[57,51572,181],{"class":169},[57,51574,13340],{"class":173},[57,51576,170],{"class":169},[57,51578,95],{"class":71},[57,51580,51581,51583,51585,51587,51589,51591,51593],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51582,102],{"class":101},[57,51584,105],{"class":71},[57,51586,1007],{"class":101},[57,51588,105],{"class":71},[57,51590,17733],{"class":113},[57,51592,5592],{"class":71},[57,51594,50991],{"class":3903},[20,51596,38145],{},[48,51598,51600],{"className":50,"code":51599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51601,51602,51619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51603,51604,51607,51609,51611,51613,51615,51617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51605,51606],{"class":63},"point ",[57,51608,68],{"class":67},[57,51610,9463],{"class":71},[57,51612,1561],{"class":75},[57,51614,79],{"class":71},[57,51616,1617],{"class":75},[57,51618,316],{"class":71},[57,51620,51621,51623,51625,51627,51629,51632,51634],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51622,102],{"class":101},[57,51624,105],{"class":71},[57,51626,1007],{"class":101},[57,51628,105],{"class":71},[57,51630,51631],{"class":113},"point",[57,51633,5592],{"class":71},[57,51635,51636],{"class":3903},"  # 2\n",[20,51638,51639],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[48,51641,51643],{"className":50,"code":51642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51644,51645,51669,51673,51691],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51646,51647,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51648,1147],{"class":63},[57,51650,68],{"class":67},[57,51652,72],{"class":71},[57,51654,170],{"class":169},[57,51656,174],{"class":173},[57,51658,170],{"class":169},[57,51660,79],{"class":71},[57,51662,181],{"class":169},[57,51664,184],{"class":173},[57,51666,170],{"class":169},[57,51668,95],{"class":71},[57,51670,51671],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51672,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,51674,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685,51687,51689],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,51676,7228],{"class":1962},[57,51678,1217],{"class":101},[57,51680,105],{"class":71},[57,51682,1199],{"class":113},[57,51684,1959],{"class":71},[57,51686,38624],{"class":67},[57,51688,5729],{"class":75},[57,51690,6623],{"class":71},[57,51692,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,51694,8296],{"class":101},[57,51696,105],{"class":71},[57,51698,1199],{"class":113},[57,51700,1785],{"class":71},[57,51702,3231],{"class":75},[57,51704,20677],{"class":71},[57,51706,51707],{"class":3903},"  # banana\n",[20,51709,51710],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[48,51712,51714],{"className":50,"code":51713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51715,51716,51738],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51717,51718,51720,51722,51724,51727,51729,51731,51733,51736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51719,459],{"class":63},[57,51721,68],{"class":67},[57,51723,72],{"class":71},[57,51725,51726],{"class":75},"88",[57,51728,79],{"class":71},[57,51730,471],{"class":75},[57,51732,79],{"class":71},[57,51734,51735],{"class":75}," 75",[57,51737,95],{"class":71},[57,51739,51740,51742,51744,51746,51749,51751,51753,51755,51757,51759],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51741,102],{"class":101},[57,51743,105],{"class":71},[57,51745,170],{"class":169},[57,51747,51748],{"class":173},"Number of scores:",[57,51750,170],{"class":169},[57,51752,79],{"class":71},[57,51754,1217],{"class":101},[57,51756,105],{"class":71},[57,51758,498],{"class":113},[57,51760,117],{"class":71},[20,51762,51763,51764,620],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[614,51765,51767],{"href":51766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[43,51769,51771],{"id":51770},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51773,51774,51775,51777],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51776,1033],{}," counts keys.",[48,51779,51781],{"className":50,"code":51780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51782,51783,51791,51809,51823,51839,51843,51847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51784,51785,51787,51789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51786,13093],{"class":63},[57,51788,68],{"class":67},[57,51790,11721],{"class":71},[57,51792,51793,51795,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51794,11726],{"class":169},[57,51796,7898],{"class":173},[57,51798,170],{"class":169},[57,51800,270],{"class":71},[57,51802,181],{"class":169},[57,51804,8148],{"class":173},[57,51806,170],{"class":169},[57,51808,11742],{"class":71},[57,51810,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,51812,11726],{"class":169},[57,51814,9526],{"class":173},[57,51816,170],{"class":169},[57,51818,270],{"class":71},[57,51820,652],{"class":75},[57,51822,11742],{"class":71},[57,51824,51825,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,51826,11726],{"class":169},[57,51828,20123],{"class":173},[57,51830,170],{"class":169},[57,51832,270],{"class":71},[57,51834,181],{"class":169},[57,51836,22475],{"class":173},[57,51838,3602],{"class":169},[57,51840,51841],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,51842,9536],{"class":71},[57,51844,51845],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,51846,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,51848,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,51850,102],{"class":101},[57,51852,105],{"class":71},[57,51854,1007],{"class":101},[57,51856,105],{"class":71},[57,51858,13856],{"class":113},[57,51860,5592],{"class":71},[57,51862,50991],{"class":3903},[20,51864,51865,51866,51868],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51867,1033],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51870,51871,51872,51874],{},"For sets, ",[15,51873,1033],{}," counts unique items:",[48,51876,51878],{"className":50,"code":51877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51879,51880,51908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51881,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51883,64],{"class":63},[57,51885,68],{"class":67},[57,51887,10718],{"class":71},[57,51889,3231],{"class":75},[57,51891,79],{"class":71},[57,51893,87],{"class":75},[57,51895,79],{"class":71},[57,51897,1793],{"class":75},[57,51899,79],{"class":71},[57,51901,1793],{"class":75},[57,51903,79],{"class":71},[57,51905,87],{"class":75},[57,51907,9536],{"class":71},[57,51909,51910,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51911,102],{"class":101},[57,51913,105],{"class":71},[57,51915,1007],{"class":101},[57,51917,105],{"class":71},[57,51919,114],{"class":113},[57,51921,5592],{"class":71},[57,51923,50991],{"class":3903},[20,51925,51926],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51928,51929],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[48,51931,51933],{"className":50,"code":51932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51934,51935,51943,51947,51965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51936,51937,51939,51941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51938,9393],{"class":63},[57,51940,68],{"class":67},[57,51942,10065],{"class":71},[57,51944,51945],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,51946,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,51948,51949,51951,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,51950,7228],{"class":1962},[57,51952,1217],{"class":101},[57,51954,105],{"class":71},[57,51956,9431],{"class":113},[57,51958,1959],{"class":71},[57,51960,6638],{"class":67},[57,51962,4072],{"class":75},[57,51964,6623],{"class":71},[57,51966,51967,51969,51971,51973,51976,51978],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,51968,8296],{"class":101},[57,51970,105],{"class":71},[57,51972,170],{"class":169},[57,51974,51975],{"class":173},"The dictionary is empty",[57,51977,170],{"class":169},[57,51979,316],{"class":71},[43,51981,41272],{"id":41271},[20,51983,51984,51985,620],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51986,1033],{},[943,51988,51990],{"id":51989},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[48,51992,51994],{"className":50,"code":51993,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51995,51996,52004,52008,52026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,51997,51998,52000,52002],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,51999,1147],{"class":63},[57,52001,68],{"class":67},[57,52003,1273],{"class":71},[57,52005,52006],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52007,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,52009,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,52011,7228],{"class":1962},[57,52013,1217],{"class":101},[57,52015,105],{"class":71},[57,52017,1199],{"class":113},[57,52019,1959],{"class":71},[57,52021,6638],{"class":67},[57,52023,4072],{"class":75},[57,52025,6623],{"class":71},[57,52027,52028,52030,52032,52034,52037,52039],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,52029,8296],{"class":101},[57,52031,105],{"class":71},[57,52033,170],{"class":169},[57,52035,52036],{"class":173},"The list is empty",[57,52038,170],{"class":169},[57,52040,316],{"class":71},[943,52042,52044],{"id":52043},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[48,52046,52048],{"className":50,"code":52047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,52049,52050,52069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52051,52052,52054,52056,52058,52060,52062,52065,52067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52053,6384],{"class":63},[57,52055,68],{"class":67},[57,52057,8470],{"class":101},[57,52059,105],{"class":71},[57,52061,170],{"class":169},[57,52063,52064],{"class":173},"Enter a word: ",[57,52066,170],{"class":169},[57,52068,316],{"class":71},[57,52070,52071,52073,52075,52077,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52072,102],{"class":101},[57,52074,105],{"class":71},[57,52076,170],{"class":169},[57,52078,52079],{"class":173},"Number of characters:",[57,52081,170],{"class":169},[57,52083,79],{"class":71},[57,52085,1217],{"class":101},[57,52087,105],{"class":71},[57,52089,38619],{"class":113},[57,52091,117],{"class":71},[943,52093,52095],{"id":52094},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[48,52097,52099],{"className":50,"code":52098,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52100,52101,52115,52119,52137,52152,52158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52102,52103,52106,52108,52110,52113],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52104,52105],{"class":63},"password ",[57,52107,68],{"class":67},[57,52109,181],{"class":169},[57,52111,52112],{"class":173},"secret123",[57,52114,3602],{"class":169},[57,52116,52117],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52118,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,52120,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133,52135],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,52122,7228],{"class":1962},[57,52124,1217],{"class":101},[57,52126,105],{"class":71},[57,52128,17852],{"class":113},[57,52130,1959],{"class":71},[57,52132,51509],{"class":67},[57,52134,82],{"class":75},[57,52136,6623],{"class":71},[57,52138,52139,52141,52143,52145,52148,52150],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,52140,8296],{"class":101},[57,52142,105],{"class":71},[57,52144,170],{"class":169},[57,52146,52147],{"class":173},"Password length is valid",[57,52149,170],{"class":169},[57,52151,316],{"class":71},[57,52153,52154,52156],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,52155,27664],{"class":1962},[57,52157,6623],{"class":71},[57,52159,52160,52162,52164,52166,52169,52171],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,52161,8296],{"class":101},[57,52163,105],{"class":71},[57,52165,170],{"class":169},[57,52167,52168],{"class":173},"Password is too short",[57,52170,170],{"class":169},[57,52172,316],{"class":71},[943,52174,52176],{"id":52175},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[48,52178,52180],{"className":50,"code":52179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52181,52182,52218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52183,52184,52187,52189,52191,52193,52196,52198,52200,52202,52205,52207,52209,52211,52214,52216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52185,52186],{"class":63},"results ",[57,52188,68],{"class":67},[57,52190,72],{"class":71},[57,52192,170],{"class":169},[57,52194,52195],{"class":173},"item1",[57,52197,170],{"class":169},[57,52199,79],{"class":71},[57,52201,181],{"class":169},[57,52203,52204],{"class":173},"item2",[57,52206,170],{"class":169},[57,52208,79],{"class":71},[57,52210,181],{"class":169},[57,52212,52213],{"class":173},"item3",[57,52215,170],{"class":169},[57,52217,95],{"class":71},[57,52219,52220,52222,52224,52226,52229,52231,52233,52235,52237,52240],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52221,102],{"class":101},[57,52223,105],{"class":71},[57,52225,170],{"class":169},[57,52227,52228],{"class":173},"Items found:",[57,52230,170],{"class":169},[57,52232,79],{"class":71},[57,52234,1217],{"class":101},[57,52236,105],{"class":71},[57,52238,52239],{"class":113},"results",[57,52241,117],{"class":71},[20,52243,52244],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[43,52246,52248],{"id":52247},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52250,52251,52253],{},[15,52252,1033],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52255,52256,52257,270],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52258,1539],{},[30,52260,52261,52264,52267],{},[33,52262,52263],{},"plain integers",[33,52265,52266],{},"floats",[33,52268,52269],{},[15,52270,1524],{},[20,52272,864],{},[48,52274,52276],{"className":50,"code":52275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52277,52278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52279,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52281,102],{"class":101},[57,52283,105],{"class":71},[57,52285,1007],{"class":101},[57,52287,105],{"class":71},[57,52289,2389],{"class":75},[57,52291,117],{"class":71},[20,52293,52294,52295,52297],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52296,2389],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52299,546],{},[48,52301,52303],{"className":50,"code":52302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52304,52305],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52306,52307,52309,52311,52313,52315,52317],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52308,102],{"class":101},[57,52310,105],{"class":71},[57,52312,1007],{"class":101},[57,52314,105],{"class":71},[57,52316,40372],{"class":75},[57,52318,117],{"class":71},[20,52320,52321,52322,270],{},"And with ",[15,52323,1524],{},[48,52325,52327],{"className":50,"code":52326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52328,52329,52337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52330,52331,52333,52335],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52332,2696],{"class":63},[57,52334,68],{"class":67},[57,52336,48748],{"class":1523},[57,52338,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52340,102],{"class":101},[57,52342,105],{"class":71},[57,52344,1007],{"class":101},[57,52346,105],{"class":71},[57,52348,364],{"class":113},[57,52350,117],{"class":71},[20,52352,52353,52354,620],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[614,52355,52357],{"href":52356},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[43,52359,52361],{"id":52360},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52363,52364,52365,52367],{},"Before using ",[15,52366,1033],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52369,52370],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[48,52372,52374],{"className":50,"code":52373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52375,52376,52384,52388,52398,52412,52430,52448],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52377,52378,52380,52382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52379,2696],{"class":63},[57,52381,68],{"class":67},[57,52383,48748],{"class":1523},[57,52385,52386],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52387,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,52389,52390,52392,52394,52396],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,52391,102],{"class":101},[57,52393,105],{"class":71},[57,52395,364],{"class":113},[57,52397,316],{"class":71},[57,52399,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,52401,102],{"class":101},[57,52403,105],{"class":71},[57,52405,1886],{"class":1102},[57,52407,105],{"class":71},[57,52409,364],{"class":113},[57,52411,117],{"class":71},[57,52413,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,52415,102],{"class":101},[57,52417,105],{"class":71},[57,52419,49096],{"class":101},[57,52421,105],{"class":71},[57,52423,364],{"class":113},[57,52425,79],{"class":71},[57,52427,49125],{"class":1102},[57,52429,117],{"class":71},[57,52431,52432,52434,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444,52446],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,52433,102],{"class":101},[57,52435,105],{"class":71},[57,52437,49096],{"class":101},[57,52439,105],{"class":71},[57,52441,364],{"class":113},[57,52443,79],{"class":71},[57,52445,22790],{"class":1102},[57,52447,117],{"class":71},[57,52449,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,52451,102],{"class":101},[57,52453,105],{"class":71},[57,52455,49096],{"class":101},[57,52457,105],{"class":71},[57,52459,364],{"class":113},[57,52461,79],{"class":71},[57,52463,9398],{"class":1102},[57,52465,117],{"class":71},[20,52467,52468],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52470,52471],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[48,52473,52475],{"className":50,"code":52474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52476,52477,52489,52493,52507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52478,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52480,2696],{"class":63},[57,52482,68],{"class":67},[57,52484,181],{"class":169},[57,52486,4084],{"class":173},[57,52488,3602],{"class":169},[57,52490,52491],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52492,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,52494,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,52496,7228],{"class":1962},[57,52498,21814],{"class":63},[57,52500,1481],{"class":67},[57,52502,8327],{"class":67},[57,52504,4091],{"class":1523},[57,52506,6623],{"class":71},[57,52508,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,52510,8296],{"class":101},[57,52512,105],{"class":71},[57,52514,1007],{"class":101},[57,52516,105],{"class":71},[57,52518,364],{"class":113},[57,52520,117],{"class":71},[20,52522,52523,52524,620],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[614,52525,8670],{"href":2549},[43,52527,1829],{"id":1828},[20,52529,23325,52530,270],{},[15,52531,1033],{},[30,52533,52534,52542,52550,52558,52564],{},[33,52535,443,52536,52538,52539],{},[15,52537,1033],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52540,52541],{},"len(5)",[33,52543,443,52544,52546,52547],{},[15,52545,1033],{}," on a float like ",[15,52548,52549],{},"len(3.14)",[33,52551,443,52552,52554,52555,52557],{},[15,52553,1033],{}," on ",[15,52556,1524],{}," after a function returns nothing",[33,52559,4812,52560,52563],{},[15,52561,52562],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[33,52565,52566],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52568,52569],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[48,52571,52573],{"className":50,"code":52572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52574,52575,52611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52576,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605,52607,52609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52578,13435],{"class":63},[57,52580,68],{"class":67},[57,52582,10718],{"class":71},[57,52584,170],{"class":169},[57,52586,7898],{"class":173},[57,52588,170],{"class":169},[57,52590,270],{"class":71},[57,52592,181],{"class":169},[57,52594,13110],{"class":173},[57,52596,170],{"class":169},[57,52598,79],{"class":71},[57,52600,181],{"class":169},[57,52602,9526],{"class":173},[57,52604,170],{"class":169},[57,52606,270],{"class":71},[57,52608,1617],{"class":75},[57,52610,9536],{"class":71},[57,52612,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52614,102],{"class":101},[57,52616,105],{"class":71},[57,52618,1007],{"class":101},[57,52620,105],{"class":71},[57,52622,17537],{"class":113},[57,52624,5592],{"class":71},[57,52626,51636],{"class":3903},[20,52628,37825,52629,52631,52632,1242,52634,620],{},[15,52630,1788],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52633,15470],{},[15,52635,52636],{},"\"age\"",[20,52638,52639],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[48,52641,52643],{"className":50,"code":52642,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52644,52645,52658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52646,52647,52649,52651,52653,52656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52648,34918],{"class":63},[57,52650,68],{"class":67},[57,52652,181],{"class":169},[57,52654,52655],{"class":173},"a b",[57,52657,3602],{"class":169},[57,52659,52660,52662,52664,52666,52668,52670,52672],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52661,102],{"class":101},[57,52663,105],{"class":71},[57,52665,1007],{"class":101},[57,52667,105],{"class":71},[57,52669,1222],{"class":113},[57,52671,5592],{"class":71},[57,52673,50991],{"class":3903},[20,52675,52676],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[43,52678,2011],{"id":2010},[943,52680,52682],{"id":52681},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52684,52685],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[943,52687,52689],{"id":52688},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52691,52692],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[943,52694,52696],{"id":52695},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52698,52699],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[943,52701,52703],{"id":52702},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52705,52706,52707,52709,52710,3122,52712,2040,52714,620],{},"No. Using ",[15,52708,1033],{}," on an ",[15,52711,2440],{},[15,52713,2444],{},[15,52715,1539],{},[943,52717,52719],{"id":52718},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52721,7993,52722,620],{},[15,52723,52724],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52726,864],{},[48,52728,52730],{"className":50,"code":52729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52731,52732,52740,52744,52762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52733,52734,52736,52738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52735,8536],{"class":63},[57,52737,68],{"class":67},[57,52739,1273],{"class":71},[57,52741,52742],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52743,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,52745,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758,52760],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,52747,7228],{"class":1962},[57,52749,1217],{"class":101},[57,52751,105],{"class":71},[57,52753,8567],{"class":113},[57,52755,1959],{"class":71},[57,52757,6638],{"class":67},[57,52759,4072],{"class":75},[57,52761,6623],{"class":71},[57,52763,52764,52766,52768,52770,52773,52775],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,52765,8296],{"class":101},[57,52767,105],{"class":71},[57,52769,170],{"class":169},[57,52771,52772],{"class":173},"Empty list",[57,52774,170],{"class":169},[57,52776,316],{"class":71},[20,52778,52779,52780,52782,52783,52785,52786,52788],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52781,3914],{}," in an ",[15,52784,7228],{}," statement, but ",[15,52787,1033],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[43,52790,2135],{"id":2134},[30,52792,52793,52797,52801,52805,52810,52814,52820],{},[33,52794,52795],{},[614,52796,51197],{"href":51196},[33,52798,52799],{},[614,52800,51201],{"href":51200},[33,52802,52803],{},[614,52804,9383],{"href":9382},[33,52806,52807],{},[614,52808,52809],{"href":51766},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[33,52811,52812],{},[614,52813,8670],{"href":2549},[33,52815,52816],{},[614,52817,52819],{"href":52818},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[33,52821,52822],{},[614,52823,52824],{"href":52356},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2172,52826,52827],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":52829},[52830,52831,52832,52833,52834,52835,52836,52842,52843,52844,52845,52852],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":50999,"depth":98,"text":51000},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":51344,"depth":98,"text":51345},{"id":51531,"depth":98,"text":51532},{"id":51770,"depth":98,"text":51771},{"id":41271,"depth":98,"text":41272,"children":52837},[52838,52839,52840,52841],{"id":51989,"depth":120,"text":51990},{"id":52043,"depth":120,"text":52044},{"id":52094,"depth":120,"text":52095},{"id":52175,"depth":120,"text":52176},{"id":52247,"depth":98,"text":52248},{"id":52360,"depth":98,"text":52361},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":52846},[52847,52848,52849,52850,52851],{"id":52681,"depth":120,"text":52682},{"id":52688,"depth":120,"text":52689},{"id":52695,"depth":120,"text":52696},{"id":52702,"depth":120,"text":52703},{"id":52718,"depth":120,"text":52719},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50882,"description":52853},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52860,"title":52861,"body":52862,"description":54547,"extension":2219,"meta":54548,"navigation":123,"path":54549,"seo":54550,"stem":54551,"__hash__":54552},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52863,"toc":54520},[52864,52867,52881,52887,52889,52943,52948,52952,52968,52971,52985,52991,52993,52996,53015,53031,53033,53109,53111,53148,53159,53161,53164,53225,53227,53260,53263,53269,53273,53276,53401,53403,53462,53470,53523,53525,53552,53558,53568,53572,53575,53580,53632,53634,53660,53666,53720,53722,53747,53750,53774,53780,53782,53786,53788,53845,53847,53855,53857,53879,53881,53934,53936,53960,53964,53966,54005,54007,54015,54021,54025,54077,54079,54105,54113,54117,54122,54131,54133,54199,54201,54233,54237,54242,54244,54258,54261,54334,54336,54362,54364,54368,54375,54379,54386,54390,54393,54395,54448,54450,54476,54480,54489,54491,54517],[10,52865,52861],{"id":52866},"python-list-append-method",[20,52868,935,52869,52872,52873,52876,52877,52880],{},[15,52870,52871],{},"append()"," method adds ",[1399,52874,52875],{},"one item"," to the ",[1399,52878,52879],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52882,52883,52884,52886],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[1399,52885,1401],{}," create a new list.",[43,52888,3850],{"id":3849},[48,52890,52892],{"className":50,"code":52891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52893,52894,52914,52928,52938],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,52895,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906,52908,52910,52912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,52897,64],{"class":63},[57,52899,68],{"class":67},[57,52901,72],{"class":71},[57,52903,3231],{"class":75},[57,52905,79],{"class":71},[57,52907,87],{"class":75},[57,52909,79],{"class":71},[57,52911,1793],{"class":75},[57,52913,95],{"class":71},[57,52915,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924,52926],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,52917,114],{"class":63},[57,52919,620],{"class":71},[57,52921,13783],{"class":113},[57,52923,105],{"class":71},[57,52925,647],{"class":75},[57,52927,316],{"class":71},[57,52929,52930,52932,52934,52936],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,52931,102],{"class":101},[57,52933,105],{"class":71},[57,52935,114],{"class":113},[57,52937,316],{"class":71},[57,52939,52940],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,52941,52942],{"class":3903},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52944,1806,52945,52947],{},[15,52946,52871],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[43,52949,52951],{"id":52950},"what-append-does","What append() does",[30,52953,52954,52959,52962,52965],{},[33,52955,52956,52958],{},[15,52957,52871],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[33,52960,52961],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[33,52963,52964],{},"It does not create a new list",[33,52966,52967],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52969,52970],{},"This means you can append:",[30,52972,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981,52983],{},[33,52974,114],{},[33,52976,5539],{},[33,52978,40822],{},[33,52980,5530],{},[33,52982,7481],{},[33,52984,34892],{},[20,52986,52987,52988,620],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[614,52989,52990],{"href":51200},"Python lists explained for beginners",[43,52992,5662],{"id":5661},[20,52994,52995],{},"Basic form:",[48,52997,52999],{"className":50,"code":52998,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,53000,53001],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53002,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53004,8567],{"class":63},[57,53006,620],{"class":71},[57,53008,13783],{"class":113},[57,53010,105],{"class":71},[57,53012,23541],{"class":113},[57,53014,316],{"class":71},[30,53016,53017,53022,53027],{},[33,53018,53019,53021],{},[15,53020,8567],{}," is the list you want to change",[33,53023,53024,53026],{},[15,53025,23541],{}," is the value or object to add",[33,53028,12140,53029],{},[15,53030,1524],{},[20,53032,864],{},[48,53034,53036],{"className":50,"code":53035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,53037,53038,53062,53085,53089,53099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53039,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53041,36471],{"class":63},[57,53043,68],{"class":67},[57,53045,72],{"class":71},[57,53047,170],{"class":169},[57,53049,174],{"class":173},[57,53051,170],{"class":169},[57,53053,79],{"class":71},[57,53055,181],{"class":169},[57,53057,184],{"class":173},[57,53059,170],{"class":169},[57,53061,95],{"class":71},[57,53063,53064,53066,53068,53071,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081,53083],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53065,1336],{"class":63},[57,53067,68],{"class":67},[57,53069,53070],{"class":63}," fruits",[57,53072,620],{"class":71},[57,53074,13783],{"class":113},[57,53076,105],{"class":71},[57,53078,170],{"class":169},[57,53080,33451],{"class":173},[57,53082,170],{"class":169},[57,53084,316],{"class":71},[57,53086,53087],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53088,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53090,53091,53093,53095,53097],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53092,102],{"class":101},[57,53094,105],{"class":71},[57,53096,36523],{"class":113},[57,53098,316],{"class":71},[57,53100,53101,53103,53105,53107],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,53102,102],{"class":101},[57,53104,105],{"class":71},[57,53106,1368],{"class":113},[57,53108,316],{"class":71},[20,53110,216],{},[48,53112,53114],{"className":50,"code":53113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53115,53116,53144],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53117,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138,53140,53142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53119,1785],{"class":71},[57,53121,3543],{"class":169},[57,53123,174],{"class":173},[57,53125,3543],{"class":169},[57,53127,79],{"class":71},[57,53129,3538],{"class":169},[57,53131,184],{"class":173},[57,53133,3543],{"class":169},[57,53135,79],{"class":71},[57,53137,3538],{"class":169},[57,53139,33451],{"class":173},[57,53141,3543],{"class":169},[57,53143,95],{"class":71},[57,53145,53146],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53147,12037],{"class":1523},[20,53149,53150,53151,53153,53154,53156,53157,620],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53152,52871],{}," updates ",[15,53155,36523],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53158,1524],{},[43,53160,11703],{"id":11702},[20,53162,53163],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[48,53165,53167],{"className":50,"code":53166,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53168,53169,53193,53211,53215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53170,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183,53185,53187,53189,53191],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53172,13306],{"class":63},[57,53174,68],{"class":67},[57,53176,72],{"class":71},[57,53178,170],{"class":169},[57,53180,13323],{"class":173},[57,53182,170],{"class":169},[57,53184,79],{"class":71},[57,53186,181],{"class":169},[57,53188,13340],{"class":173},[57,53190,170],{"class":169},[57,53192,95],{"class":71},[57,53194,53195,53197,53199,53201,53203,53205,53207,53209],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53196,17733],{"class":63},[57,53198,620],{"class":71},[57,53200,13783],{"class":113},[57,53202,105],{"class":71},[57,53204,170],{"class":169},[57,53206,17686],{"class":173},[57,53208,170],{"class":169},[57,53210,316],{"class":71},[57,53212,53213],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53214,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53216,53217,53219,53221,53223],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53218,102],{"class":101},[57,53220,105],{"class":71},[57,53222,17733],{"class":113},[57,53224,316],{"class":71},[20,53226,216],{},[48,53228,53230],{"className":50,"code":53229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53231,53232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53233,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53235,1785],{"class":71},[57,53237,3543],{"class":169},[57,53239,13323],{"class":173},[57,53241,3543],{"class":169},[57,53243,79],{"class":71},[57,53245,3538],{"class":169},[57,53247,13340],{"class":173},[57,53249,3543],{"class":169},[57,53251,79],{"class":71},[57,53253,3538],{"class":169},[57,53255,17686],{"class":173},[57,53257,3543],{"class":169},[57,53259,95],{"class":71},[20,53261,53262],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53264,31312,53265,620],{},[614,53266,53268],{"href":53267},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[43,53270,53272],{"id":53271},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53274,53275],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[48,53277,53279],{"className":50,"code":53278,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53280,53281,53289,53293,53307,53325,53339,53365,53387,53391],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53282,53283,53285,53287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53284,1147],{"class":63},[57,53286,68],{"class":67},[57,53288,1273],{"class":71},[57,53290,53291],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53292,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53294,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53296,1199],{"class":63},[57,53298,620],{"class":71},[57,53300,13783],{"class":113},[57,53302,105],{"class":71},[57,53304,1561],{"class":75},[57,53306,316],{"class":71},[57,53308,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53310,1199],{"class":63},[57,53312,620],{"class":71},[57,53314,13783],{"class":113},[57,53316,105],{"class":71},[57,53318,170],{"class":169},[57,53320,4084],{"class":173},[57,53322,170],{"class":169},[57,53324,316],{"class":71},[57,53326,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,53328,1199],{"class":63},[57,53330,620],{"class":71},[57,53332,13783],{"class":113},[57,53334,105],{"class":71},[57,53336,3845],{"class":1523},[57,53338,316],{"class":71},[57,53340,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,53342,1199],{"class":63},[57,53344,620],{"class":71},[57,53346,13783],{"class":113},[57,53348,5761],{"class":71},[57,53350,170],{"class":169},[57,53352,7898],{"class":173},[57,53354,170],{"class":169},[57,53356,270],{"class":71},[57,53358,181],{"class":169},[57,53360,7907],{"class":173},[57,53362,170],{"class":169},[57,53364,30726],{"class":71},[57,53366,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383,53385],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,53368,1199],{"class":63},[57,53370,620],{"class":71},[57,53372,13783],{"class":113},[57,53374,1949],{"class":71},[57,53376,3231],{"class":75},[57,53378,79],{"class":71},[57,53380,87],{"class":75},[57,53382,79],{"class":71},[57,53384,1793],{"class":75},[57,53386,1975],{"class":71},[57,53388,53389],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,53390,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53392,53393,53395,53397,53399],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,53394,102],{"class":101},[57,53396,105],{"class":71},[57,53398,1199],{"class":113},[57,53400,316],{"class":71},[20,53402,216],{},[48,53404,53406],{"className":50,"code":53405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53407,53408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53409,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53411,1785],{"class":71},[57,53413,1561],{"class":75},[57,53415,79],{"class":71},[57,53417,3538],{"class":169},[57,53419,4084],{"class":173},[57,53421,3543],{"class":169},[57,53423,79],{"class":71},[57,53425,4150],{"class":1523},[57,53427,79],{"class":71},[57,53429,10718],{"class":71},[57,53431,3543],{"class":169},[57,53433,7898],{"class":173},[57,53435,3543],{"class":169},[57,53437,270],{"class":71},[57,53439,3538],{"class":169},[57,53441,7907],{"class":173},[57,53443,3543],{"class":169},[57,53445,53446],{"class":71},"},",[57,53448,72],{"class":71},[57,53450,3231],{"class":75},[57,53452,79],{"class":71},[57,53454,87],{"class":75},[57,53456,79],{"class":71},[57,53458,1793],{"class":75},[57,53460,53461],{"class":71},"]]\n",[20,53463,53464,53465,42382,53467,620],{},"A list added with ",[15,53466,52871],{},[1399,53468,53469],{},"one single item",[48,53471,53473],{"className":50,"code":53472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53474,53475,53491,53509,53513],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53476,53477,53479,53481,53483,53485,53487,53489],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53478,64],{"class":63},[57,53480,68],{"class":67},[57,53482,72],{"class":71},[57,53484,3231],{"class":75},[57,53486,79],{"class":71},[57,53488,87],{"class":75},[57,53490,95],{"class":71},[57,53492,53493,53495,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53494,114],{"class":63},[57,53496,620],{"class":71},[57,53498,13783],{"class":113},[57,53500,1949],{"class":71},[57,53502,76],{"class":75},[57,53504,79],{"class":71},[57,53506,2706],{"class":75},[57,53508,1975],{"class":71},[57,53510,53511],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53512,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53514,53515,53517,53519,53521],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53516,102],{"class":101},[57,53518,105],{"class":71},[57,53520,114],{"class":113},[57,53522,316],{"class":71},[20,53524,216],{},[48,53526,53528],{"className":50,"code":53527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53529,53530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53531,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53533,1785],{"class":71},[57,53535,3231],{"class":75},[57,53537,79],{"class":71},[57,53539,87],{"class":75},[57,53541,79],{"class":71},[57,53543,72],{"class":71},[57,53545,76],{"class":75},[57,53547,79],{"class":71},[57,53549,2706],{"class":75},[57,53551,53461],{"class":71},[20,53553,2536,53554,53557],{},[15,53555,53556],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53559,53560,53561,53567],{},"This is different from ",[614,53562,53564],{"href":53563},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53565,53566],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[43,53569,53571],{"id":53570},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53573,53574],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[943,53576,443,53578],{"id":53577},"using-append",[15,53579,52871],{},[48,53581,53582],{"className":50,"code":53472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53583,53584,53600,53618,53622],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53585,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53587,64],{"class":63},[57,53589,68],{"class":67},[57,53591,72],{"class":71},[57,53593,3231],{"class":75},[57,53595,79],{"class":71},[57,53597,87],{"class":75},[57,53599,95],{"class":71},[57,53601,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614,53616],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53603,114],{"class":63},[57,53605,620],{"class":71},[57,53607,13783],{"class":113},[57,53609,1949],{"class":71},[57,53611,76],{"class":75},[57,53613,79],{"class":71},[57,53615,2706],{"class":75},[57,53617,1975],{"class":71},[57,53619,53620],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53621,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53625,102],{"class":101},[57,53627,105],{"class":71},[57,53629,114],{"class":113},[57,53631,316],{"class":71},[20,53633,216],{},[48,53635,53636],{"className":50,"code":53527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53637,53638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53639,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656,53658],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53641,1785],{"class":71},[57,53643,3231],{"class":75},[57,53645,79],{"class":71},[57,53647,87],{"class":75},[57,53649,79],{"class":71},[57,53651,72],{"class":71},[57,53653,76],{"class":75},[57,53655,79],{"class":71},[57,53657,2706],{"class":75},[57,53659,53461],{"class":71},[943,53661,443,53663],{"id":53662},"using-extend",[15,53664,53665],{},"extend()",[48,53667,53669],{"className":50,"code":53668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53670,53671,53687,53706,53710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53672,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53674,64],{"class":63},[57,53676,68],{"class":67},[57,53678,72],{"class":71},[57,53680,3231],{"class":75},[57,53682,79],{"class":71},[57,53684,87],{"class":75},[57,53686,95],{"class":71},[57,53688,53689,53691,53693,53696,53698,53700,53702,53704],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53690,114],{"class":63},[57,53692,620],{"class":71},[57,53694,53695],{"class":113},"extend",[57,53697,1949],{"class":71},[57,53699,76],{"class":75},[57,53701,79],{"class":71},[57,53703,2706],{"class":75},[57,53705,1975],{"class":71},[57,53707,53708],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53709,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53711,53712,53714,53716,53718],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53713,102],{"class":101},[57,53715,105],{"class":71},[57,53717,114],{"class":113},[57,53719,316],{"class":71},[20,53721,216],{},[48,53723,53725],{"className":50,"code":53724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53726,53727],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53728,53729,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741,53743,53745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53730,1785],{"class":71},[57,53732,3231],{"class":75},[57,53734,79],{"class":71},[57,53736,87],{"class":75},[57,53738,79],{"class":71},[57,53740,1793],{"class":75},[57,53742,79],{"class":71},[57,53744,2706],{"class":75},[57,53746,95],{"class":71},[20,53748,53749],{},"The difference:",[30,53751,53752,53758,53764,53769],{},[33,53753,53754,53757],{},[15,53755,53756],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[33,53759,53760,53763],{},[15,53761,53762],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[33,53765,1806,53766,53768],{},[15,53767,52871],{}," for one item",[33,53770,1806,53771,53773],{},[15,53772,53665],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53775,53776,53777,620],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[614,53778,53779],{"href":53563},"Python list extend() method",[43,53781,4751],{"id":4750},[943,53783,53785],{"id":53784},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53787,25921],{},[48,53789,53791],{"className":50,"code":53790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53792,53793,53813,53831,53835],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53794,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53796,1147],{"class":63},[57,53798,68],{"class":67},[57,53800,72],{"class":71},[57,53802,3231],{"class":75},[57,53804,79],{"class":71},[57,53806,87],{"class":75},[57,53808,79],{"class":71},[57,53810,1793],{"class":75},[57,53812,95],{"class":71},[57,53814,53815,53817,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53816,1147],{"class":63},[57,53818,68],{"class":67},[57,53820,1972],{"class":63},[57,53822,620],{"class":71},[57,53824,13783],{"class":113},[57,53826,105],{"class":71},[57,53828,647],{"class":75},[57,53830,316],{"class":71},[57,53832,53833],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53834,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53836,53837,53839,53841,53843],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53838,102],{"class":101},[57,53840,105],{"class":71},[57,53842,1199],{"class":113},[57,53844,316],{"class":71},[20,53846,216],{},[48,53848,53849],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53850,53851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53852,53853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53854,12037],{"class":1523},[20,53856,12129],{},[30,53858,53859,53864,53870],{},[33,53860,53861,53863],{},[15,53862,52871],{}," changes the list in place",[33,53865,53866,2646,53868],{},[15,53867,52871],{},[15,53869,1524],{},[33,53871,53872,53873,53876,53877],{},"So ",[15,53874,53875],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53878,1524],{},[20,53880,11035],{},[48,53882,53884],{"className":50,"code":53883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53885,53886,53906,53920,53924],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53887,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53889,1147],{"class":63},[57,53891,68],{"class":67},[57,53893,72],{"class":71},[57,53895,3231],{"class":75},[57,53897,79],{"class":71},[57,53899,87],{"class":75},[57,53901,79],{"class":71},[57,53903,1793],{"class":75},[57,53905,95],{"class":71},[57,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914,53916,53918],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53909,1199],{"class":63},[57,53911,620],{"class":71},[57,53913,13783],{"class":113},[57,53915,105],{"class":71},[57,53917,647],{"class":75},[57,53919,316],{"class":71},[57,53921,53922],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,53923,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,53925,53926,53928,53930,53932],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,53927,102],{"class":101},[57,53929,105],{"class":71},[57,53931,1199],{"class":113},[57,53933,316],{"class":71},[20,53935,216],{},[48,53937,53938],{"className":50,"code":53724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,53939,53940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53941,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954,53956,53958],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53943,1785],{"class":71},[57,53945,3231],{"class":75},[57,53947,79],{"class":71},[57,53949,87],{"class":75},[57,53951,79],{"class":71},[57,53953,1793],{"class":75},[57,53955,79],{"class":71},[57,53957,2706],{"class":75},[57,53959,95],{"class":71},[943,53961,53963],{"id":53962},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53965,19145],{},[48,53967,53969],{"className":50,"code":53968,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53970,53971,53995],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,53972,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,53974,32112],{"class":63},[57,53976,68],{"class":67},[57,53978,72],{"class":71},[57,53980,3231],{"class":75},[57,53982,79],{"class":71},[57,53984,87],{"class":75},[57,53986,13780],{"class":71},[57,53988,13783],{"class":113},[57,53990,105],{"class":71},[57,53992,76],{"class":75},[57,53994,316],{"class":71},[57,53996,53997,53999,54001,54003],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,53998,102],{"class":101},[57,54000,105],{"class":71},[57,54002,32131],{"class":113},[57,54004,316],{"class":71},[20,54006,216],{},[48,54008,54009],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54010,54011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54012,54013],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54014,12037],{"class":1523},[20,54016,54017,54018,54020],{},"Remember: ",[15,54019,52871],{}," updates the list you already have.",[943,54022,54024],{"id":54023},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[48,54026,54027],{"className":50,"code":53472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54028,54029,54045,54063,54067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54030,54031,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54032,64],{"class":63},[57,54034,68],{"class":67},[57,54036,72],{"class":71},[57,54038,3231],{"class":75},[57,54040,79],{"class":71},[57,54042,87],{"class":75},[57,54044,95],{"class":71},[57,54046,54047,54049,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54048,114],{"class":63},[57,54050,620],{"class":71},[57,54052,13783],{"class":113},[57,54054,1949],{"class":71},[57,54056,76],{"class":75},[57,54058,79],{"class":71},[57,54060,2706],{"class":75},[57,54062,1975],{"class":71},[57,54064,54065],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54066,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54068,54069,54071,54073,54075],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,54070,102],{"class":101},[57,54072,105],{"class":71},[57,54074,114],{"class":113},[57,54076,316],{"class":71},[20,54078,216],{},[48,54080,54081],{"className":50,"code":53527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54082,54083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54084,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54086,1785],{"class":71},[57,54088,3231],{"class":75},[57,54090,79],{"class":71},[57,54092,87],{"class":75},[57,54094,79],{"class":71},[57,54096,72],{"class":71},[57,54098,76],{"class":75},[57,54100,79],{"class":71},[57,54102,2706],{"class":75},[57,54104,53461],{"class":71},[20,54106,3411,54107,54110,54111,6861],{},[15,54108,54109],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54112,53665],{},[943,54114,54116],{"id":54115},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54118,54119,54121],{},[15,54120,52871],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54123,54124,54125,620],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[614,54126,54128],{"href":54127},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54129,54130],{},"list.insert()",[20,54132,864],{},[48,54134,54136],{"className":50,"code":54135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54137,54138,54162,54185,54189],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54139,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54141,36322],{"class":63},[57,54143,68],{"class":67},[57,54145,72],{"class":71},[57,54147,170],{"class":169},[57,54149,614],{"class":173},[57,54151,170],{"class":169},[57,54153,79],{"class":71},[57,54155,181],{"class":169},[57,54157,9966],{"class":173},[57,54159,170],{"class":169},[57,54161,95],{"class":71},[57,54163,54164,54166,54168,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179,54181,54183],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54165,36375],{"class":63},[57,54167,620],{"class":71},[57,54169,54170],{"class":113},"insert",[57,54172,105],{"class":71},[57,54174,3231],{"class":75},[57,54176,79],{"class":71},[57,54178,181],{"class":169},[57,54180,4993],{"class":173},[57,54182,170],{"class":169},[57,54184,316],{"class":71},[57,54186,54187],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54188,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54190,54191,54193,54195,54197],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,54192,102],{"class":101},[57,54194,105],{"class":71},[57,54196,36375],{"class":113},[57,54198,316],{"class":71},[20,54200,216],{},[48,54202,54203],{"className":50,"code":43100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54204,54205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54206,54207,54209,54211,54213,54215,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54208,1785],{"class":71},[57,54210,3543],{"class":169},[57,54212,614],{"class":173},[57,54214,3543],{"class":169},[57,54216,79],{"class":71},[57,54218,3538],{"class":169},[57,54220,4993],{"class":173},[57,54222,3543],{"class":169},[57,54224,79],{"class":71},[57,54226,3538],{"class":169},[57,54228,9966],{"class":173},[57,54230,3543],{"class":169},[57,54232,95],{"class":71},[43,54234,54236],{"id":54235},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54238,54239,54241],{},[15,54240,52871],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54243,36658],{},[30,54245,54246,54249,54252,54255],{},[33,54247,54248],{},"building a list in a loop",[33,54250,54251],{},"collecting user input",[33,54253,54254],{},"storing results step by step",[33,54256,54257],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54259,54260],{},"Example with a loop:",[48,54262,54264],{"className":50,"code":54263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54265,54266,54275,54279,54300,54319,54323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54267,54268,54271,54273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54269,54270],{"class":63},"squares ",[57,54272,68],{"class":67},[57,54274,1273],{"class":71},[57,54276,54277],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54278,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54280,54281,54283,54285,54287,54290,54292,54294,54296,54298],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54282,6189],{"class":1962},[57,54284,6616],{"class":63},[57,54286,1969],{"class":1962},[57,54288,54289],{"class":101}," range",[57,54291,105],{"class":71},[57,54293,3231],{"class":75},[57,54295,79],{"class":71},[57,54297,92],{"class":75},[57,54299,8570],{"class":71},[57,54301,54302,54305,54307,54309,54311,54313,54315,54317],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,54303,54304],{"class":63},"    squares",[57,54306,620],{"class":71},[57,54308,13783],{"class":113},[57,54310,105],{"class":71},[57,54312,2469],{"class":113},[57,54314,40101],{"class":67},[57,54316,2449],{"class":113},[57,54318,316],{"class":71},[57,54320,54321],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,54322,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54324,54325,54327,54329,54332],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,54326,102],{"class":101},[57,54328,105],{"class":71},[57,54330,54331],{"class":113},"squares",[57,54333,316],{"class":71},[20,54335,216],{},[48,54337,54339],{"className":50,"code":54338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54340,54341],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54342,54343,54345,54347,54349,54351,54353,54356,54358,54360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54344,1785],{"class":71},[57,54346,3231],{"class":75},[57,54348,79],{"class":71},[57,54350,2706],{"class":75},[57,54352,79],{"class":71},[57,54354,54355],{"class":75}," 9",[57,54357,79],{"class":71},[57,54359,14218],{"class":75},[57,54361,95],{"class":71},[43,54363,2011],{"id":2010},[943,54365,54367],{"id":54366},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54369,46590,54370,54372,54373,620],{},[15,54371,52871],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54374,1524],{},[943,54376,54378],{"id":54377},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54380,54381,54382,620],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[614,54383,54384],{"href":53563},[15,54385,53665],{},[943,54387,54389],{"id":54388},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54391,54392],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54394,864],{},[48,54396,54398],{"className":50,"code":54397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54399,54400,54416,54434,54438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54401,54402,54404,54406,54408,54410,54412,54414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54403,9393],{"class":63},[57,54405,68],{"class":67},[57,54407,72],{"class":71},[57,54409,3231],{"class":75},[57,54411,79],{"class":71},[57,54413,87],{"class":75},[57,54415,95],{"class":71},[57,54417,54418,54420,54422,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54419,9431],{"class":63},[57,54421,620],{"class":71},[57,54423,13783],{"class":113},[57,54425,1949],{"class":71},[57,54427,76],{"class":75},[57,54429,79],{"class":71},[57,54431,2706],{"class":75},[57,54433,1975],{"class":71},[57,54435,54436],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54437,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54439,54440,54442,54444,54446],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,54441,102],{"class":101},[57,54443,105],{"class":71},[57,54445,9431],{"class":113},[57,54447,316],{"class":71},[20,54449,216],{},[48,54451,54452],{"className":50,"code":53527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54453,54454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54455,54456,54458,54460,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470,54472,54474],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54457,1785],{"class":71},[57,54459,3231],{"class":75},[57,54461,79],{"class":71},[57,54463,87],{"class":75},[57,54465,79],{"class":71},[57,54467,72],{"class":71},[57,54469,76],{"class":75},[57,54471,79],{"class":71},[57,54473,2706],{"class":75},[57,54475,53461],{"class":71},[943,54477,54479],{"id":54478},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54481,54482,54484,54485,54488],{},[15,54483,52871],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54486,54487],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[43,54490,2135],{"id":2134},[30,54492,54493,54498,54502,54507,54511],{},[33,54494,54495],{},[614,54496,54497],{"href":53267},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[33,54499,54500],{},[614,54501,53779],{"href":53563},[33,54503,54504],{},[614,54505,54506],{"href":54127},"Python list insert() method",[33,54508,54509],{},[614,54510,52990],{"href":51200},[33,54512,54513],{},[614,54514,54516],{"href":54515},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2172,54518,54519],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":54521},[54522,54523,54524,54525,54526,54527,54533,54539,54540,54546],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":52950,"depth":98,"text":52951},{"id":5661,"depth":98,"text":5662},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":53271,"depth":98,"text":53272},{"id":53570,"depth":98,"text":53571,"children":54528},[54529,54531],{"id":53577,"depth":120,"text":54530},"Using append()",{"id":53662,"depth":120,"text":54532},"Using extend()",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":54534},[54535,54536,54537,54538],{"id":53784,"depth":120,"text":53785},{"id":53962,"depth":120,"text":53963},{"id":54023,"depth":120,"text":54024},{"id":54115,"depth":120,"text":54116},{"id":54235,"depth":98,"text":54236},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":54541},[54542,54543,54544,54545],{"id":54366,"depth":120,"text":54367},{"id":54377,"depth":120,"text":54378},{"id":54388,"depth":120,"text":54389},{"id":54478,"depth":120,"text":54479},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52861,"description":54547},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54554,"title":54555,"body":54556,"description":55800,"extension":2219,"meta":55801,"navigation":123,"path":55802,"seo":55803,"stem":55804,"__hash__":55805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54557,"toc":55765},[54558,54564,54570,54576,54578,54626,54631,54636,54640,54656,54662,54664,54667,54682,54684,54695,54697,54699,54756,54758,54766,54768,54784,54790,54792,54798,54802,54886,54889,54938,54945,54953,54956,54970,54983,54989,55064,55071,55078,55152,55160,55163,55174,55183,55187,55191,55202,55204,55281,55302,55304,55314,55317,55365,55367,55388,55391,55393,55444,55450,55457,55524,55530,55536,55539,55566,55571,55577,55580,55652,55655,55666,55672,55674,55680,55683,55689,55695,55702,55710,55716,55722,55724,55762],[10,54559,54561,54562,11549],{"id":54560},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54563,11548],{},[20,54565,54566,54569],{},[15,54567,54568],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54571,54572,54573,54575],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[1399,54574,11561],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[43,54577,3850],{"id":3849},[48,54579,54581],{"className":50,"code":54580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54582,54583,54603,54613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54584,54585,54587,54589,54591,54593,54595,54597,54599,54601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54586,1147],{"class":63},[57,54588,68],{"class":67},[57,54590,72],{"class":71},[57,54592,3231],{"class":75},[57,54594,79],{"class":71},[57,54596,87],{"class":75},[57,54598,79],{"class":71},[57,54600,1793],{"class":75},[57,54602,95],{"class":71},[57,54604,54605,54607,54609,54611],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54606,1199],{"class":63},[57,54608,620],{"class":71},[57,54610,11610],{"class":113},[57,54612,8870],{"class":71},[57,54614,54615,54617,54619,54621,54623],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54616,102],{"class":101},[57,54618,105],{"class":71},[57,54620,1199],{"class":113},[57,54622,1959],{"class":71},[57,54624,54625],{"class":3903},"  # []\n",[20,54627,1806,54628,54630],{},[15,54629,11548],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[43,54632,262,54634,265],{"id":54633},"what-listclear-does",[15,54635,54568],{},[20,54637,54638,270],{},[15,54639,54568],{},[30,54641,54642,54645,54648,54653],{},[33,54643,54644],{},"Removes every item from a list",[33,54646,54647],{},"Changes the original list in place",[33,54649,54650,54651],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54652,4025],{},[33,54654,54655],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54657,54658,54659,54661],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54660,11548],{},", but it contains no values.",[43,54663,294],{"id":293},[20,54665,54666],{},"Syntax:",[48,54668,54670],{"className":50,"code":54669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54671,54672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54673,54674,54676,54678,54680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54675,8567],{"class":63},[57,54677,620],{"class":71},[57,54679,11610],{"class":113},[57,54681,8870],{"class":71},[20,54683,11686],{},[30,54685,54686,54689,54692],{},[33,54687,54688],{},"Call it on a list object",[33,54690,54691],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[33,54693,54694],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[43,54696,11703],{"id":11702},[20,54698,11706],{},[48,54700,54702],{"className":50,"code":54701,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54703,54704,54728,54732,54742,54746],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54705,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722,54724,54726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54707,64],{"class":63},[57,54709,68],{"class":67},[57,54711,72],{"class":71},[57,54713,1561],{"class":75},[57,54715,79],{"class":71},[57,54717,1617],{"class":75},[57,54719,79],{"class":71},[57,54721,1575],{"class":75},[57,54723,79],{"class":71},[57,54725,51064],{"class":75},[57,54727,95],{"class":71},[57,54729,54730],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54731,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54733,54734,54736,54738,54740],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54735,114],{"class":63},[57,54737,620],{"class":71},[57,54739,11610],{"class":113},[57,54741,8870],{"class":71},[57,54743,54744],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,54745,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54747,54748,54750,54752,54754],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,54749,102],{"class":101},[57,54751,105],{"class":71},[57,54753,114],{"class":113},[57,54755,316],{"class":71},[20,54757,216],{},[48,54759,54760],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54761,54762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54763,54764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54765,38526],{"class":71},[20,54767,11912],{},[30,54769,54770,54775,54781],{},[33,54771,54772,54774],{},[15,54773,114],{}," starts with four items",[33,54776,54777,54780],{},[15,54778,54779],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[33,54782,54783],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54785,54786,54787,620],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[614,54788,52990],{"href":54789},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[43,54791,17649],{"id":17648},[20,54793,54794,2646,54796,620],{},[15,54795,11548],{},[15,54797,1524],{},[20,54799,1397,54800,52886],{},[1399,54801,1401],{},[48,54803,54805],{"className":50,"code":54804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54806,54807,54839,54843,54857,54861,54874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54808,54809,54811,54813,54815,54817,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54810,1147],{"class":63},[57,54812,68],{"class":67},[57,54814,72],{"class":71},[57,54816,170],{"class":169},[57,54818,614],{"class":173},[57,54820,170],{"class":169},[57,54822,79],{"class":71},[57,54824,181],{"class":169},[57,54826,4993],{"class":173},[57,54828,170],{"class":169},[57,54830,79],{"class":71},[57,54832,181],{"class":169},[57,54834,9966],{"class":173},[57,54836,170],{"class":169},[57,54838,95],{"class":71},[57,54840,54841],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54842,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54844,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54846,1336],{"class":63},[57,54848,68],{"class":67},[57,54850,1972],{"class":63},[57,54852,620],{"class":71},[57,54854,11610],{"class":113},[57,54856,8870],{"class":71},[57,54858,54859],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,54860,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,54862,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,54864,102],{"class":101},[57,54866,105],{"class":71},[57,54868,1199],{"class":113},[57,54870,1959],{"class":71},[57,54872,54873],{"class":3903},"   # []\n",[57,54875,54876,54878,54880,54882,54884],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,54877,102],{"class":101},[57,54879,105],{"class":71},[57,54881,1368],{"class":113},[57,54883,1959],{"class":71},[57,54885,21106],{"class":3903},[20,54887,54888],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[48,54890,54892],{"className":50,"code":54891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54893,54894,54914,54928],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54895,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904,54906,54908,54910,54912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54897,1147],{"class":63},[57,54899,68],{"class":67},[57,54901,72],{"class":71},[57,54903,3231],{"class":75},[57,54905,79],{"class":71},[57,54907,87],{"class":75},[57,54909,79],{"class":71},[57,54911,1793],{"class":75},[57,54913,95],{"class":71},[57,54915,54916,54918,54920,54922,54924,54926],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,54917,1147],{"class":63},[57,54919,68],{"class":67},[57,54921,1972],{"class":63},[57,54923,620],{"class":71},[57,54925,11610],{"class":113},[57,54927,8870],{"class":71},[57,54929,54930,54932,54934,54936],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,54931,102],{"class":101},[57,54933,105],{"class":71},[57,54935,1199],{"class":113},[57,54937,316],{"class":71},[20,54939,12145,54940,42382,54942,54944],{},[15,54941,1199],{},[15,54943,1524],{},", not an empty list.",[43,54946,54948,54950,54951],{"id":54947},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54949,11548],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54952,4025],{},[20,54954,54955],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[48,54957,54958],{"className":50,"code":54669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,54959,54960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54961,54962,54964,54966,54968],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54963,8567],{"class":63},[57,54965,620],{"class":71},[57,54967,11610],{"class":113},[57,54969,8870],{"class":71},[48,54971,54973],{"className":50,"code":54972,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n",[15,54974,54975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54976,54977,54979,54981],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54978,8536],{"class":63},[57,54980,68],{"class":67},[57,54982,1273],{"class":71},[943,54984,54986,54988],{"id":54985},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54987,11548],{}," empties the same list object",[48,54990,54992],{"className":50,"code":54991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54993,54994,55014,55022,55026,55036,55040,55052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,54995,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010,55012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,54997,686],{"class":63},[57,54999,68],{"class":67},[57,55001,72],{"class":71},[57,55003,3231],{"class":75},[57,55005,79],{"class":71},[57,55007,87],{"class":75},[57,55009,79],{"class":71},[57,55011,1793],{"class":75},[57,55013,95],{"class":71},[57,55015,55016,55018,55020],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55017,696],{"class":63},[57,55019,68],{"class":67},[57,55021,36407],{"class":63},[57,55023,55024],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55025,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55027,55028,55030,55032,55034],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55029,614],{"class":63},[57,55031,620],{"class":71},[57,55033,11610],{"class":113},[57,55035,8870],{"class":71},[57,55037,55038],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,55039,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55041,55042,55044,55046,55048,55050],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,55043,102],{"class":101},[57,55045,105],{"class":71},[57,55047,614],{"class":113},[57,55049,1959],{"class":71},[57,55051,54625],{"class":3903},[57,55053,55054,55056,55058,55060,55062],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,55055,102],{"class":101},[57,55057,105],{"class":71},[57,55059,4993],{"class":113},[57,55061,1959],{"class":71},[57,55063,54625],{"class":3903},[20,55065,10817,55066,1242,55068,55070],{},[15,55067,614],{},[15,55069,4993],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[943,55072,55074,55077],{"id":55073},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55075,55076],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[48,55079,55081],{"className":50,"code":55080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55082,55083,55103,55111,55115,55123,55127,55139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55084,55085,55087,55089,55091,55093,55095,55097,55099,55101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55086,686],{"class":63},[57,55088,68],{"class":67},[57,55090,72],{"class":71},[57,55092,3231],{"class":75},[57,55094,79],{"class":71},[57,55096,87],{"class":75},[57,55098,79],{"class":71},[57,55100,1793],{"class":75},[57,55102,95],{"class":71},[57,55104,55105,55107,55109],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55106,696],{"class":63},[57,55108,68],{"class":67},[57,55110,36407],{"class":63},[57,55112,55113],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55114,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55116,55117,55119,55121],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55118,686],{"class":63},[57,55120,68],{"class":67},[57,55122,1273],{"class":71},[57,55124,55125],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,55126,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55128,55129,55131,55133,55135,55137],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,55130,102],{"class":101},[57,55132,105],{"class":71},[57,55134,614],{"class":113},[57,55136,1959],{"class":71},[57,55138,54625],{"class":3903},[57,55140,55141,55143,55145,55147,55149],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,55142,102],{"class":101},[57,55144,105],{"class":71},[57,55146,4993],{"class":113},[57,55148,1959],{"class":71},[57,55150,55151],{"class":3903},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55153,1023,55154,55156,55157,55159],{},[15,55155,614],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55158,4993],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55161,55162],{},"This difference matters when:",[30,55164,55165,55168,55171],{},[33,55166,55167],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[33,55169,55170],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[33,55172,55173],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55175,55176,55177,620],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[614,55178,55180,55181,10968],{"href":55179},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55182,13006],{},[43,55184,5194,55185],{"id":12666},[15,55186,11548],{},[20,55188,1806,55189,6548],{},[15,55190,11548],{},[30,55192,55193,55196,55199],{},[33,55194,55195],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[33,55197,55198],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[33,55200,55201],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55203,864],{},[48,55205,55207],{"className":50,"code":55206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55208,55209,55245,55249,55254,55265,55269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55210,55211,55214,55216,55218,55220,55223,55225,55227,55229,55232,55234,55236,55238,55241,55243],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55212,55213],{"class":63},"shopping_cart ",[57,55215,68],{"class":67},[57,55217,72],{"class":71},[57,55219,170],{"class":169},[57,55221,55222],{"class":173},"milk",[57,55224,170],{"class":169},[57,55226,79],{"class":71},[57,55228,181],{"class":169},[57,55230,55231],{"class":173},"bread",[57,55233,170],{"class":169},[57,55235,79],{"class":71},[57,55237,181],{"class":169},[57,55239,55240],{"class":173},"eggs",[57,55242,170],{"class":169},[57,55244,95],{"class":71},[57,55246,55247],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55248,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55250,55251],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55252,55253],{"class":3903},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[57,55255,55256,55259,55261,55263],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55257,55258],{"class":63},"shopping_cart",[57,55260,620],{"class":71},[57,55262,11610],{"class":113},[57,55264,8870],{"class":71},[57,55266,55267],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,55268,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55270,55271,55273,55275,55277,55279],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,55272,102],{"class":101},[57,55274,105],{"class":71},[57,55276,55258],{"class":113},[57,55278,1959],{"class":71},[57,55280,54625],{"class":3903},[20,55282,55283,55284,55288,55289,55295,55296,620],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[614,55285,55287],{"href":55286},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[614,55290,55292,10968],{"href":55291},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55293,55294],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[614,55297,55299,10968],{"href":55298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55300,55301],{},"list.pop()",[43,55303,4751],{"id":4750},[943,55305,55307,55308,11320,55311],{"id":55306},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55309,55310],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55312,55313],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55315,55316],{},"This does not call the method.",[48,55318,55320],{"className":50,"code":55319,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55321,55322,55342,55346,55355],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55323,55324,55326,55328,55330,55332,55334,55336,55338,55340],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55325,1147],{"class":63},[57,55327,68],{"class":67},[57,55329,72],{"class":71},[57,55331,3231],{"class":75},[57,55333,79],{"class":71},[57,55335,87],{"class":75},[57,55337,79],{"class":71},[57,55339,1793],{"class":75},[57,55341,95],{"class":71},[57,55343,55344],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55345,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55347,55348,55350,55352],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55349,1199],{"class":63},[57,55351,620],{"class":71},[57,55353,55354],{"class":1108},"clear\n",[57,55356,55357,55359,55361,55363],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55358,102],{"class":101},[57,55360,105],{"class":71},[57,55362,1199],{"class":113},[57,55364,316],{"class":71},[20,55366,216],{},[48,55368,55370],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55371,55372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55373,55374,55376,55378,55380,55382,55384,55386],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55375,1785],{"class":71},[57,55377,3231],{"class":75},[57,55379,79],{"class":71},[57,55381,87],{"class":75},[57,55383,79],{"class":71},[57,55385,1793],{"class":75},[57,55387,95],{"class":71},[20,55389,55390],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55392,11035],{},[48,55394,55396],{"className":50,"code":55395,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55397,55398,55418,55422,55432],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55399,55400,55402,55404,55406,55408,55410,55412,55414,55416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55401,1147],{"class":63},[57,55403,68],{"class":67},[57,55405,72],{"class":71},[57,55407,3231],{"class":75},[57,55409,79],{"class":71},[57,55411,87],{"class":75},[57,55413,79],{"class":71},[57,55415,1793],{"class":75},[57,55417,95],{"class":71},[57,55419,55420],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55421,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55423,55424,55426,55428,55430],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55425,1199],{"class":63},[57,55427,620],{"class":71},[57,55429,11610],{"class":113},[57,55431,8870],{"class":71},[57,55433,55434,55436,55438,55440,55442],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55435,102],{"class":101},[57,55437,105],{"class":71},[57,55439,1199],{"class":113},[57,55441,1959],{"class":71},[57,55443,54625],{"class":3903},[943,55445,1848,55447,55449],{"id":55446},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55448,11548],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55451,55452,2646,55454,55456],{},[15,55453,11548],{},[15,55455,1524],{},", not the list.",[48,55458,55460],{"className":50,"code":55459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55461,55462,55482,55496,55500,55512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55463,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55465,1147],{"class":63},[57,55467,68],{"class":67},[57,55469,72],{"class":71},[57,55471,3231],{"class":75},[57,55473,79],{"class":71},[57,55475,87],{"class":75},[57,55477,79],{"class":71},[57,55479,1793],{"class":75},[57,55481,95],{"class":71},[57,55483,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55485,1336],{"class":63},[57,55487,68],{"class":67},[57,55489,1972],{"class":63},[57,55491,620],{"class":71},[57,55493,11610],{"class":113},[57,55495,8870],{"class":71},[57,55497,55498],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55499,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55501,55502,55504,55506,55508,55510],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55503,102],{"class":101},[57,55505,105],{"class":71},[57,55507,1368],{"class":113},[57,55509,1959],{"class":71},[57,55511,21106],{"class":3903},[57,55513,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,55515,102],{"class":101},[57,55517,105],{"class":71},[57,55519,1199],{"class":113},[57,55521,1959],{"class":71},[57,55523,54873],{"class":3903},[943,55525,443,55527,55529],{"id":55526},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55528,11548],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55531,55532,55533,55535],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55534,11548],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55537,55538],{},"This will fail:",[48,55540,55542],{"className":50,"code":55541,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55543,55544,55556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55545,55546,55548,55550,55552,55554],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55547,34918],{"class":63},[57,55549,68],{"class":67},[57,55551,181],{"class":169},[57,55553,4084],{"class":173},[57,55555,3602],{"class":169},[57,55557,55558,55560,55562,55564],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55559,1222],{"class":63},[57,55561,620],{"class":71},[57,55563,11610],{"class":113},[57,55565,8870],{"class":71},[20,55567,55568,55569,33831],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55570,11548],{},[20,55572,55573,55574,55576],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55575,1524],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55578,55579],{},"Useful checks:",[48,55581,55583],{"className":50,"code":55582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55584,55585,55595,55609,55623,55632,55642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55586,55587,55589,55591,55593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55588,102],{"class":101},[57,55590,105],{"class":71},[57,55592,8567],{"class":113},[57,55594,316],{"class":71},[57,55596,55597,55599,55601,55603,55605,55607],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55598,102],{"class":101},[57,55600,105],{"class":71},[57,55602,1886],{"class":1102},[57,55604,105],{"class":71},[57,55606,8567],{"class":113},[57,55608,117],{"class":71},[57,55610,55611,55613,55615,55617,55619,55621],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55612,102],{"class":101},[57,55614,105],{"class":71},[57,55616,12878],{"class":101},[57,55618,105],{"class":71},[57,55620,8567],{"class":113},[57,55622,117],{"class":71},[57,55624,55625,55627,55629],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55626,43774],{"class":63},[57,55628,68],{"class":67},[57,55630,55631],{"class":63}," my_list\n",[57,55633,55634,55636,55638,55640],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,55635,8567],{"class":63},[57,55637,620],{"class":71},[57,55639,11610],{"class":113},[57,55641,8870],{"class":71},[57,55643,55644,55646,55648,55650],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,55645,102],{"class":101},[57,55647,105],{"class":71},[57,55649,30973],{"class":113},[57,55651,316],{"class":71},[20,55653,55654],{},"These can help you see:",[30,55656,55657,55660,55663],{},[33,55658,55659],{},"What the variable currently contains",[33,55661,55662],{},"Whether it is really a list",[33,55664,55665],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55667,55668,55669,620],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[614,55670,55671],{"href":54515},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[43,55673,2011],{"id":2010},[943,55675,12933,55677,55679],{"id":55676},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55678,54568],{}," delete the list?",[20,55681,55682],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[943,55684,12933,55686,55688],{"id":55685},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55687,54568],{}," return a new list?",[20,55690,55691,55692,55694],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55693,1524],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[943,55696,2119,55698,1242,55700,2053],{"id":55697},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55699,11548],{},[15,55701,55076],{},[20,55703,55704,55706,55707,55709],{},[15,55705,11548],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55708,55076],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[943,55711,28559,55713,55715],{"id":55712},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55714,11548],{}," on other types?",[20,55717,55718,55719,55721],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55720,11548],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[43,55723,2135],{"id":2134},[30,55725,55726,55730,55735,55742,55749,55755],{},[33,55727,55728],{},[614,55729,52990],{"href":54789},[33,55731,55732],{},[614,55733,55734],{"href":55286},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[33,55736,55737],{},[614,55738,55739,55740,10968],{"href":55298},"Python list ",[15,55741,12992],{},[33,55743,55744],{},[614,55745,55739,55746,10968],{"href":55291},[15,55747,55748],{},"remove()",[33,55750,55751],{},[614,55752,55739,55753,10968],{"href":55179},[15,55754,13006],{},[33,55756,55757],{},[614,55758,30577,55759,33863],{"href":54515},[15,55760,55761],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2172,55763,55764],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":54947,"depth":98,"text":55774,"children":55775},"clear() vs assigning []",[55776,55778],{"id":54985,"depth":120,"text":55777},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55073,"depth":120,"text":55779},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12666,"depth":98,"text":13038},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":55782},[55783,55785,55787],{"id":55306,"depth":120,"text":55784},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55446,"depth":120,"text":55786},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55526,"depth":120,"text":55788},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":55790},[55791,55793,55795,55797],{"id":55676,"depth":120,"text":55792},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55685,"depth":120,"text":55794},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55697,"depth":120,"text":55796},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55712,"depth":120,"text":55798},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54555,"description":55800},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55807,"title":55808,"body":55809,"description":57494,"extension":2219,"meta":57495,"navigation":123,"path":57496,"seo":57497,"stem":57498,"__hash__":57499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55810,"toc":57462},[55811,55816,55822,55830,55832,55921,55928,55933,55937,55951,55953,56030,56032,56093,56096,56098,56100,56121,56124,56138,56141,56186,56188,56196,56199,56205,56211,56214,56291,56293,56338,56341,56346,56429,56431,56472,56477,56481,56487,56489,56497,56500,56593,56595,56653,56656,56672,56677,56687,56692,56694,56699,56704,56707,56709,56766,56769,56822,56828,56833,56837,56854,56856,56940,56942,56983,56991,56993,56998,57004,57006,57069,57074,57144,57148,57183,57186,57188,57227,57231,57307,57313,57319,57324,57346,57349,57368,57376,57378,57384,57387,57394,57402,57407,57410,57414,57420,57428,57431,57433,57459],[10,55812,54561,55814,11549],{"id":55813},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55815,13006],{},[20,55817,55818,55821],{},[15,55819,55820],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55823,55824,55825,14284,55827,55829],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55826,68],{},[1399,55828,1401],{}," make a real copy.",[43,55831,46],{"id":45},[48,55833,55835],{"className":50,"code":55834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55836,55837,55857,55872,55876,55891,55895,55908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55838,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847,55849,55851,55853,55855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55840,64],{"class":63},[57,55842,68],{"class":67},[57,55844,72],{"class":71},[57,55846,3231],{"class":75},[57,55848,79],{"class":71},[57,55850,87],{"class":75},[57,55852,79],{"class":71},[57,55854,1793],{"class":75},[57,55856,95],{"class":71},[57,55858,55859,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55860,55861],{"class":63},"new_numbers ",[57,55863,68],{"class":67},[57,55865,4495],{"class":63},[57,55867,620],{"class":71},[57,55869,13141],{"class":113},[57,55871,8870],{"class":71},[57,55873,55874],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,55875,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55877,55878,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,55879,55880],{"class":63},"new_numbers",[57,55882,620],{"class":71},[57,55884,13783],{"class":113},[57,55886,105],{"class":71},[57,55888,647],{"class":75},[57,55890,316],{"class":71},[57,55892,55893],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,55894,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,55896,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,55898,102],{"class":101},[57,55900,105],{"class":71},[57,55902,114],{"class":113},[57,55904,1959],{"class":71},[57,55906,55907],{"class":3903},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[57,55909,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,55911,102],{"class":101},[57,55913,105],{"class":71},[57,55915,55880],{"class":113},[57,55917,1959],{"class":71},[57,55919,55920],{"class":3903},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55922,1806,55923,55925,55926,620],{},[15,55924,55820],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[1399,55927,13080],{},[43,55929,262,55931,265],{"id":55930},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55932,55820],{},[20,55934,55935,270],{},[15,55936,55820],{},[30,55938,55939,55942,55945,55948],{},[33,55940,55941],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[33,55943,55944],{},"Returns that new list",[33,55946,55947],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[33,55949,55950],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55952,864],{},[48,55954,55956],{"className":50,"code":55955,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55957,55958,55990,56005,56009,56019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,55959,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974,55976,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,55961,36471],{"class":63},[57,55963,68],{"class":67},[57,55965,72],{"class":71},[57,55967,170],{"class":169},[57,55969,174],{"class":173},[57,55971,170],{"class":169},[57,55973,79],{"class":71},[57,55975,181],{"class":169},[57,55977,184],{"class":173},[57,55979,170],{"class":169},[57,55981,79],{"class":71},[57,55983,181],{"class":169},[57,55985,33451],{"class":173},[57,55987,170],{"class":169},[57,55989,95],{"class":71},[57,55991,55992,55995,55997,55999,56001,56003],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,55993,55994],{"class":63},"copied_fruits ",[57,55996,68],{"class":67},[57,55998,53070],{"class":63},[57,56000,620],{"class":71},[57,56002,13141],{"class":113},[57,56004,8870],{"class":71},[57,56006,56007],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56008,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56010,56011,56013,56015,56017],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56012,102],{"class":101},[57,56014,105],{"class":71},[57,56016,36523],{"class":113},[57,56018,316],{"class":71},[57,56020,56021,56023,56025,56028],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,56022,102],{"class":101},[57,56024,105],{"class":71},[57,56026,56027],{"class":113},"copied_fruits",[57,56029,316],{"class":71},[20,56031,216],{},[48,56033,56035],{"className":50,"code":56034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,56036,56037,56065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56038,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047,56049,56051,56053,56055,56057,56059,56061,56063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56040,1785],{"class":71},[57,56042,3543],{"class":169},[57,56044,174],{"class":173},[57,56046,3543],{"class":169},[57,56048,79],{"class":71},[57,56050,3538],{"class":169},[57,56052,184],{"class":173},[57,56054,3543],{"class":169},[57,56056,79],{"class":71},[57,56058,3538],{"class":169},[57,56060,33451],{"class":173},[57,56062,3543],{"class":169},[57,56064,95],{"class":71},[57,56066,56067,56069,56071,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56068,1785],{"class":71},[57,56070,3543],{"class":169},[57,56072,174],{"class":173},[57,56074,3543],{"class":169},[57,56076,79],{"class":71},[57,56078,3538],{"class":169},[57,56080,184],{"class":173},[57,56082,3543],{"class":169},[57,56084,79],{"class":71},[57,56086,3538],{"class":169},[57,56088,33451],{"class":173},[57,56090,3543],{"class":169},[57,56092,95],{"class":71},[20,56094,56095],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[43,56097,294],{"id":293},[20,56099,2412],{},[48,56101,56103],{"className":50,"code":56102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56104,56105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56106,56107,56110,56112,56115,56117,56119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56108,56109],{"class":63},"new_list ",[57,56111,68],{"class":67},[57,56113,56114],{"class":63}," old_list",[57,56116,620],{"class":71},[57,56118,13141],{"class":113},[57,56120,8870],{"class":71},[20,56122,56123],{},"How it works:",[30,56125,56126,56132,56135],{},[33,56127,56128,56129,56131],{},"Call ",[15,56130,13006],{}," on an existing list",[33,56133,56134],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[33,56136,56137],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56139,56140],{},"Example with an empty list:",[48,56142,56144],{"className":50,"code":56143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56145,56146,56155,56171,56175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56147,56148,56151,56153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56149,56150],{"class":63},"empty_list ",[57,56152,68],{"class":67},[57,56154,1273],{"class":71},[57,56156,56157,56160,56162,56165,56167,56169],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56158,56159],{"class":63},"new_empty_list ",[57,56161,68],{"class":67},[57,56163,56164],{"class":63}," empty_list",[57,56166,620],{"class":71},[57,56168,13141],{"class":113},[57,56170,8870],{"class":71},[57,56172,56173],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56174,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56176,56177,56179,56181,56184],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56178,102],{"class":101},[57,56180,105],{"class":71},[57,56182,56183],{"class":113},"new_empty_list",[57,56185,316],{"class":71},[20,56187,216],{},[48,56189,56190],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,56191,56192],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56193,56194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56195,38526],{"class":71},[20,56197,56198],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[43,56200,56202,56203],{"id":56201},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56204,68],{},[20,56206,443,56207,14284,56209,52886],{},[15,56208,68],{},[1399,56210,1401],{},[20,56212,56213],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[48,56215,56217],{"className":50,"code":56216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56218,56219,56239,56248,56252,56267,56271,56281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56220,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56222,64],{"class":63},[57,56224,68],{"class":67},[57,56226,72],{"class":71},[57,56228,3231],{"class":75},[57,56230,79],{"class":71},[57,56232,87],{"class":75},[57,56234,79],{"class":71},[57,56236,1793],{"class":75},[57,56238,95],{"class":71},[57,56240,56241,56244,56246],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56242,56243],{"class":63},"same_list ",[57,56245,68],{"class":67},[57,56247,44207],{"class":63},[57,56249,56250],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56251,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56253,56254,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56255,56256],{"class":63},"same_list",[57,56258,620],{"class":71},[57,56260,13783],{"class":113},[57,56262,105],{"class":71},[57,56264,647],{"class":75},[57,56266,316],{"class":71},[57,56268,56269],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,56270,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56272,56273,56275,56277,56279],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,56274,102],{"class":101},[57,56276,105],{"class":71},[57,56278,114],{"class":113},[57,56280,316],{"class":71},[57,56282,56283,56285,56287,56289],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,56284,102],{"class":101},[57,56286,105],{"class":71},[57,56288,56256],{"class":113},[57,56290,316],{"class":71},[20,56292,216],{},[48,56294,56296],{"className":50,"code":56295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56297,56298,56318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56299,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314,56316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56301,1785],{"class":71},[57,56303,3231],{"class":75},[57,56305,79],{"class":71},[57,56307,87],{"class":75},[57,56309,79],{"class":71},[57,56311,1793],{"class":75},[57,56313,79],{"class":71},[57,56315,2706],{"class":75},[57,56317,95],{"class":71},[57,56319,56320,56322,56324,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56321,1785],{"class":71},[57,56323,3231],{"class":75},[57,56325,79],{"class":71},[57,56327,87],{"class":75},[57,56329,79],{"class":71},[57,56331,1793],{"class":75},[57,56333,79],{"class":71},[57,56335,2706],{"class":75},[57,56337,95],{"class":71},[20,56339,56340],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56342,56343,56344,270],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56345,13006],{},[48,56347,56349],{"className":50,"code":56348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56350,56351,56371,56386,56390,56405,56409,56419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56352,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363,56365,56367,56369],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56354,64],{"class":63},[57,56356,68],{"class":67},[57,56358,72],{"class":71},[57,56360,3231],{"class":75},[57,56362,79],{"class":71},[57,56364,87],{"class":75},[57,56366,79],{"class":71},[57,56368,1793],{"class":75},[57,56370,95],{"class":71},[57,56372,56373,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56374,56375],{"class":63},"copied_numbers ",[57,56377,68],{"class":67},[57,56379,4495],{"class":63},[57,56381,620],{"class":71},[57,56383,13141],{"class":113},[57,56385,8870],{"class":71},[57,56387,56388],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56389,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56391,56392,56395,56397,56399,56401,56403],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56393,56394],{"class":63},"copied_numbers",[57,56396,620],{"class":71},[57,56398,13783],{"class":113},[57,56400,105],{"class":71},[57,56402,647],{"class":75},[57,56404,316],{"class":71},[57,56406,56407],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,56408,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56410,56411,56413,56415,56417],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,56412,102],{"class":101},[57,56414,105],{"class":71},[57,56416,114],{"class":113},[57,56418,316],{"class":71},[57,56420,56421,56423,56425,56427],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,56422,102],{"class":101},[57,56424,105],{"class":71},[57,56426,56394],{"class":113},[57,56428,316],{"class":71},[20,56430,216],{},[48,56432,56434],{"className":50,"code":56433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56435,56436,56452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56437,56438,56440,56442,56444,56446,56448,56450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56439,1785],{"class":71},[57,56441,3231],{"class":75},[57,56443,79],{"class":71},[57,56445,87],{"class":75},[57,56447,79],{"class":71},[57,56449,1793],{"class":75},[57,56451,95],{"class":71},[57,56453,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56455,1785],{"class":71},[57,56457,3231],{"class":75},[57,56459,79],{"class":71},[57,56461,87],{"class":75},[57,56463,79],{"class":71},[57,56465,1793],{"class":75},[57,56467,79],{"class":71},[57,56469,2706],{"class":75},[57,56471,95],{"class":71},[20,56473,56474,56475,620],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[614,56476,52990],{"href":51200},[43,56478,56480],{"id":56479},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56482,56483,13077,56485,620],{},[15,56484,55820],{},[1399,56486,13080],{},[20,56488,2360],{},[30,56490,56491,56494],{},[33,56492,56493],{},"The outer list is new",[33,56495,56496],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56498,56499],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[48,56501,56503],{"className":50,"code":56502,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56504,56505,56532,56546,56550,56569,56573,56583],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56506,56507,56509,56511,56514,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56508,12315],{"class":63},[57,56510,68],{"class":67},[57,56512,56513],{"class":71}," [[",[57,56515,3231],{"class":75},[57,56517,79],{"class":71},[57,56519,87],{"class":75},[57,56521,18293],{"class":71},[57,56523,72],{"class":71},[57,56525,76],{"class":75},[57,56527,79],{"class":71},[57,56529,2706],{"class":75},[57,56531,53461],{"class":71},[57,56533,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56535,14542],{"class":63},[57,56537,68],{"class":67},[57,56539,12390],{"class":63},[57,56541,620],{"class":71},[57,56543,13141],{"class":113},[57,56545,8870],{"class":71},[57,56547,56548],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56549,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56551,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56567],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56553,14561],{"class":63},[57,56555,1785],{"class":71},[57,56557,1294],{"class":75},[57,56559,13780],{"class":71},[57,56561,13783],{"class":113},[57,56563,105],{"class":71},[57,56565,56566],{"class":75},"99",[57,56568,316],{"class":71},[57,56570,56571],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,56572,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56574,56575,56577,56579,56581],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,56576,102],{"class":101},[57,56578,105],{"class":71},[57,56580,12362],{"class":113},[57,56582,316],{"class":71},[57,56584,56585,56587,56589,56591],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,56586,102],{"class":101},[57,56588,105],{"class":71},[57,56590,14561],{"class":113},[57,56592,316],{"class":71},[20,56594,216],{},[48,56596,56598],{"className":50,"code":56597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56599,56600,56627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56601,56602,56605,56607,56609,56611,56613,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56603,56604],{"class":71},"[[",[57,56606,3231],{"class":75},[57,56608,79],{"class":71},[57,56610,87],{"class":75},[57,56612,79],{"class":71},[57,56614,10424],{"class":75},[57,56616,18293],{"class":71},[57,56618,72],{"class":71},[57,56620,76],{"class":75},[57,56622,79],{"class":71},[57,56624,2706],{"class":75},[57,56626,53461],{"class":71},[57,56628,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647,56649,56651],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56630,56604],{"class":71},[57,56632,3231],{"class":75},[57,56634,79],{"class":71},[57,56636,87],{"class":75},[57,56638,79],{"class":71},[57,56640,10424],{"class":75},[57,56642,18293],{"class":71},[57,56644,72],{"class":71},[57,56646,76],{"class":75},[57,56648,79],{"class":71},[57,56650,2706],{"class":75},[57,56652,53461],{"class":71},[20,56654,56655],{},"Why did both change?",[30,56657,56658,56665],{},[33,56659,56660,1242,56662,56664],{},[15,56661,12362],{},[15,56663,14561],{}," are different outer lists",[33,56666,56667,56668,56671],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56669,56670],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56673,53872,56674,56676],{},[15,56675,13006],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[30,56678,56679,56682,56685],{},[33,56680,56681],{},"Numbers",[33,56683,56684],{},"Strings",[33,56686,40823],{},[20,56688,56689,56690,620],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[614,56691,14021],{"href":14020},[43,56693,17649],{"id":17648},[20,56695,56696,56698],{},[15,56697,55820],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56700,1397,56701,56703],{},[1399,56702,1401],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56705,56706],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56708,16885],{},[48,56710,56712],{"className":50,"code":56711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56713,56714,56738,56752,56756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56715,56716,56718,56720,56722,56724,56726,56728,56730,56732,56734,56736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56717,13306],{"class":63},[57,56719,68],{"class":67},[57,56721,72],{"class":71},[57,56723,170],{"class":169},[57,56725,13323],{"class":173},[57,56727,170],{"class":169},[57,56729,79],{"class":71},[57,56731,181],{"class":169},[57,56733,13340],{"class":173},[57,56735,170],{"class":169},[57,56737,95],{"class":71},[57,56739,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748,56750],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56741,13349],{"class":63},[57,56743,68],{"class":67},[57,56745,13354],{"class":63},[57,56747,620],{"class":71},[57,56749,13141],{"class":113},[57,56751,8870],{"class":71},[57,56753,56754],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56755,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56757,56758,56760,56762,56764],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56759,102],{"class":101},[57,56761,105],{"class":71},[57,56763,13373],{"class":113},[57,56765,316],{"class":71},[20,56767,56768],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[48,56770,56772],{"className":50,"code":56771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56773,56774,56798,56808,56812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56775,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790,56792,56794,56796],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56777,13306],{"class":63},[57,56779,68],{"class":67},[57,56781,72],{"class":71},[57,56783,170],{"class":169},[57,56785,13323],{"class":173},[57,56787,170],{"class":169},[57,56789,79],{"class":71},[57,56791,181],{"class":169},[57,56793,13340],{"class":173},[57,56795,170],{"class":169},[57,56797,95],{"class":71},[57,56799,56800,56802,56804,56806],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56801,17733],{"class":63},[57,56803,620],{"class":71},[57,56805,13141],{"class":113},[57,56807,8870],{"class":71},[57,56809,56810],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56811,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56813,56814,56816,56818,56820],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56815,102],{"class":101},[57,56817,105],{"class":71},[57,56819,17733],{"class":113},[57,56821,316],{"class":71},[20,56823,56824,56825,56827],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56826,13006],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[43,56829,5194,56831],{"id":56830},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56832,55820],{},[20,56834,1806,56835,10828],{},[15,56836,55820],{},[30,56838,56839,56842,56845,56848],{},[33,56840,56841],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[33,56843,56844],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[33,56846,56847],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[33,56849,56850,56851],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56852,56853],{},"[:]",[20,56855,864],{},[48,56857,56859],{"className":50,"code":56858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56860,56861,56881,56896,56900,56915,56919,56929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56862,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56864,459],{"class":63},[57,56866,68],{"class":67},[57,56868,72],{"class":71},[57,56870,1561],{"class":75},[57,56872,79],{"class":71},[57,56874,1617],{"class":75},[57,56876,79],{"class":71},[57,56878,1575],{"class":75},[57,56880,95],{"class":71},[57,56882,56883,56886,56888,56890,56892,56894],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56884,56885],{"class":63},"backup_scores ",[57,56887,68],{"class":67},[57,56889,5343],{"class":63},[57,56891,620],{"class":71},[57,56893,13141],{"class":113},[57,56895,8870],{"class":71},[57,56897,56898],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,56899,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56901,56902,56904,56906,56908,56910,56913],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,56903,498],{"class":63},[57,56905,620],{"class":71},[57,56907,13783],{"class":113},[57,56909,105],{"class":71},[57,56911,56912],{"class":75},"40",[57,56914,316],{"class":71},[57,56916,56917],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,56918,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,56920,56921,56923,56925,56927],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,56922,102],{"class":101},[57,56924,105],{"class":71},[57,56926,498],{"class":113},[57,56928,316],{"class":71},[57,56930,56931,56933,56935,56938],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,56932,102],{"class":101},[57,56934,105],{"class":71},[57,56936,56937],{"class":113},"backup_scores",[57,56939,316],{"class":71},[20,56941,216],{},[48,56943,56945],{"className":50,"code":56944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56946,56947,56967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,56948,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,56950,1785],{"class":71},[57,56952,1561],{"class":75},[57,56954,79],{"class":71},[57,56956,1617],{"class":75},[57,56958,79],{"class":71},[57,56960,1575],{"class":75},[57,56962,79],{"class":71},[57,56964,51064],{"class":75},[57,56966,95],{"class":71},[57,56968,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977,56979,56981],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,56970,1785],{"class":71},[57,56972,1561],{"class":75},[57,56974,79],{"class":71},[57,56976,1617],{"class":75},[57,56978,79],{"class":71},[57,56980,1575],{"class":75},[57,56982,95],{"class":71},[20,56984,56985,56986,620],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[614,56987,55739,56989,10968],{"href":56988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56990,52871],{},[43,56992,4751],{"id":4750},[20,56994,56995,56996,620],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56997,55820],{},[943,56999,443,57001,57003],{"id":57000},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,57002,68],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,57005,39427],{},[48,57007,57009],{"className":50,"code":57008,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,57010,57011,57031,57039,57053,57057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57012,57013,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57014,686],{"class":63},[57,57016,68],{"class":67},[57,57018,72],{"class":71},[57,57020,3231],{"class":75},[57,57022,79],{"class":71},[57,57024,87],{"class":75},[57,57026,79],{"class":71},[57,57028,1793],{"class":75},[57,57030,95],{"class":71},[57,57032,57033,57035,57037],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57034,696],{"class":63},[57,57036,68],{"class":67},[57,57038,36407],{"class":63},[57,57040,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049,57051],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,57042,4993],{"class":63},[57,57044,620],{"class":71},[57,57046,13783],{"class":113},[57,57048,105],{"class":71},[57,57050,647],{"class":75},[57,57052,316],{"class":71},[57,57054,57055],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,57056,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,57058,57059,57061,57063,57065,57067],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,57060,102],{"class":101},[57,57062,105],{"class":71},[57,57064,614],{"class":113},[57,57066,1959],{"class":71},[57,57068,55920],{"class":3903},[20,57070,57071,57072,6861],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57073,13006],{},[48,57075,57077],{"className":50,"code":57076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57078,57079,57099,57114,57128,57132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57080,57081,57083,57085,57087,57089,57091,57093,57095,57097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57082,686],{"class":63},[57,57084,68],{"class":67},[57,57086,72],{"class":71},[57,57088,3231],{"class":75},[57,57090,79],{"class":71},[57,57092,87],{"class":75},[57,57094,79],{"class":71},[57,57096,1793],{"class":75},[57,57098,95],{"class":71},[57,57100,57101,57103,57105,57108,57110,57112],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57102,696],{"class":63},[57,57104,68],{"class":67},[57,57106,57107],{"class":63}," a",[57,57109,620],{"class":71},[57,57111,13141],{"class":113},[57,57113,8870],{"class":71},[57,57115,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,57117,4993],{"class":63},[57,57119,620],{"class":71},[57,57121,13783],{"class":113},[57,57123,105],{"class":71},[57,57125,647],{"class":75},[57,57127,316],{"class":71},[57,57129,57130],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,57131,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,57133,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,57135,102],{"class":101},[57,57137,105],{"class":71},[57,57139,614],{"class":113},[57,57141,1959],{"class":71},[57,57143,55151],{"class":3903},[943,57145,57147],{"id":57146},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[48,57149,57151],{"className":50,"code":57150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57152,57153,57173],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57154,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167,57169,57171],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57156,64],{"class":63},[57,57158,68],{"class":67},[57,57160,72],{"class":71},[57,57162,3231],{"class":75},[57,57164,79],{"class":71},[57,57166,87],{"class":75},[57,57168,79],{"class":71},[57,57170,1793],{"class":75},[57,57172,95],{"class":71},[57,57174,57175,57177,57179,57181],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57176,114],{"class":63},[57,57178,620],{"class":71},[57,57180,13141],{"class":113},[57,57182,8870],{"class":71},[20,57184,57185],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57187,39490],{},[48,57189,57191],{"className":50,"code":57190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57192,57193,57213],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57194,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57196,64],{"class":63},[57,57198,68],{"class":67},[57,57200,72],{"class":71},[57,57202,3231],{"class":75},[57,57204,79],{"class":71},[57,57206,87],{"class":75},[57,57208,79],{"class":71},[57,57210,1793],{"class":75},[57,57212,95],{"class":71},[57,57214,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57216,56375],{"class":63},[57,57218,68],{"class":67},[57,57220,4495],{"class":63},[57,57222,620],{"class":71},[57,57224,13141],{"class":113},[57,57226,8870],{"class":71},[943,57228,57230],{"id":57229},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[48,57232,57234],{"className":50,"code":57233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57235,57236,57254,57268,57272,57290,57294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57237,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250,57252],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57239,686],{"class":63},[57,57241,68],{"class":67},[57,57243,56513],{"class":71},[57,57245,3231],{"class":75},[57,57247,18293],{"class":71},[57,57249,72],{"class":71},[57,57251,1788],{"class":75},[57,57253,53461],{"class":71},[57,57255,57256,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57257,696],{"class":63},[57,57259,68],{"class":67},[57,57261,57107],{"class":63},[57,57263,620],{"class":71},[57,57265,13141],{"class":113},[57,57267,8870],{"class":71},[57,57269,57270],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,57271,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,57273,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,57275,4993],{"class":63},[57,57277,1785],{"class":71},[57,57279,1294],{"class":75},[57,57281,13780],{"class":71},[57,57283,13783],{"class":113},[57,57285,105],{"class":71},[57,57287,56566],{"class":75},[57,57289,316],{"class":71},[57,57291,57292],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,57293,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,57295,57296,57298,57300,57302,57304],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,57297,102],{"class":101},[57,57299,105],{"class":71},[57,57301,614],{"class":113},[57,57303,1959],{"class":71},[57,57305,57306],{"class":3903},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57308,57309,57310,57312],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57311,55820],{}," is shallow.",[943,57314,25847,57316,57318],{"id":57315},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57317,13006],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57320,57321,57323],{},[15,57322,13006],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[48,57325,57327],{"className":50,"code":57326,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57328,57329,57341],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57330,57331,57333,57335,57337,57339],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57332,8103],{"class":63},[57,57334,68],{"class":67},[57,57336,181],{"class":169},[57,57338,5237],{"class":173},[57,57340,3602],{"class":169},[57,57342,57343],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57344,57345],{"class":3903},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57347,57348],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[48,57350,57352],{"className":50,"code":57351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57353,57354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57355,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57357,102],{"class":101},[57,57359,105],{"class":71},[57,57361,1886],{"class":1102},[57,57363,105],{"class":71},[57,57365,7898],{"class":113},[57,57367,117],{"class":71},[20,57369,57370,57371,57375],{},"You can also review ",[614,57372,57374],{"href":57373},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[43,57377,2011],{"id":2010},[943,57379,12933,57381,57383],{"id":57380},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57382,55820],{}," change the original list?",[20,57385,57386],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[943,57388,2119,57390,1242,57392,2053],{"id":57389},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57391,55820],{},[15,57393,68],{},[20,57395,57396,57398,57399,57401],{},[15,57397,13006],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57400,68],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[943,57403,15133,57405,15136],{"id":57404},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57406,55820],{},[20,57408,57409],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[943,57411,57413],{"id":57412},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57415,42379,57416,57419],{},[15,57417,57418],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[943,57421,15133,57423,57425,57426,2053],{"id":57422},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57424,55820],{}," the same as ",[15,57427,56853],{},[20,57429,57430],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[43,57432,2135],{"id":2134},[30,57434,57435,57440,57444,57449,57455],{},[33,57436,57437],{},[614,57438,15195],{"href":57439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[33,57441,57442],{},[614,57443,52990],{"href":51200},[33,57445,57446],{},[614,57447,57448],{"href":57373},"Creating a list in Python",[33,57450,57451],{},[614,57452,55739,57453,10968],{"href":56988},[15,57454,52871],{},[33,57456,57457],{},[614,57458,14021],{"href":14020},[2172,57460,57461],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":57463},[57464,57465,57467,57468,57470,57471,57472,57474,57482,57493],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":55930,"depth":98,"text":57466},"What list.copy() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":56201,"depth":98,"text":57469},"Why not use =",{"id":56479,"depth":98,"text":56480},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":56830,"depth":98,"text":57473},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":57475},[57476,57478,57479,57480],{"id":57000,"depth":120,"text":57477},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57146,"depth":120,"text":57147},{"id":57229,"depth":120,"text":57230},{"id":57315,"depth":120,"text":57481},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":57483},[57484,57486,57488,57490,57491],{"id":57380,"depth":120,"text":57485},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57389,"depth":120,"text":57487},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57404,"depth":120,"text":57489},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57412,"depth":120,"text":57413},{"id":57422,"depth":120,"text":57492},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55808,"description":57494},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57501,"title":57502,"body":57503,"description":59242,"extension":2219,"meta":59243,"navigation":123,"path":59244,"seo":59245,"stem":59246,"__hash__":59247},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57504,"toc":59201},[57505,57511,57517,57520,57531,57534,57536,57599,57605,57610,57614,57628,57631,57636,57641,57643,57645,57664,57676,57678,57745,57747,57755,57760,57762,57770,57773,57790,57792,57916,57927,57931,57936,57939,57941,57959,57963,58049,58058,58066,58135,58137,58140,58152,58157,58161,58232,58235,58239,58243,58308,58310,58318,58322,58404,58406,58414,58418,58479,58481,58489,58493,58580,58582,58590,58595,58600,58603,58614,58616,58701,58706,58715,58717,58721,58725,58730,58792,58796,58804,58810,58819,58824,58873,58876,58897,58901,58963,58970,58975,58978,59065,59068,59079,59082,59102,59104,59110,59113,59117,59121,59127,59130,59136,59143,59151,59162,59164,59198],[10,57506,54561,57508,11549],{"id":57507},"python-list-count-method",[15,57509,57510],{},"count()",[20,57512,57513,57516],{},[15,57514,57515],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57518,57519],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[30,57521,57522,57525,57528],{},[33,57523,57524],{},"count one specific item",[33,57526,57527],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[33,57529,57530],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57532,57533],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[43,57535,3850],{"id":3849},[48,57537,57539],{"className":50,"code":57538,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57540,57541,57569,57587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57542,57543,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57544,64],{"class":63},[57,57546,68],{"class":67},[57,57548,72],{"class":71},[57,57550,3231],{"class":75},[57,57552,79],{"class":71},[57,57554,87],{"class":75},[57,57556,79],{"class":71},[57,57558,87],{"class":75},[57,57560,79],{"class":71},[57,57562,1793],{"class":75},[57,57564,79],{"class":71},[57,57566,87],{"class":75},[57,57568,95],{"class":71},[57,57570,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57572,1336],{"class":63},[57,57574,68],{"class":67},[57,57576,4495],{"class":63},[57,57578,620],{"class":71},[57,57580,41486],{"class":113},[57,57582,105],{"class":71},[57,57584,1788],{"class":75},[57,57586,316],{"class":71},[57,57588,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,57590,102],{"class":101},[57,57592,105],{"class":71},[57,57594,1368],{"class":113},[57,57596,1959],{"class":71},[57,57598,50991],{"class":3903},[20,57600,1806,57601,57604],{},[15,57602,57603],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[43,57606,262,57608,265],{"id":57607},"what-listcount-does",[15,57609,57515],{},[20,57611,57612,270],{},[15,57613,57515],{},[30,57615,57616,57619,57622,57625],{},[33,57617,57618],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[33,57620,57621],{},"returns an integer",[33,57623,57624],{},"does not change the original list",[33,57626,57627],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57629,57630],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57632,57633,57634,620],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57635,76],{},[20,57637,57638,57639,620],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57640,1294],{},[43,57642,294],{"id":293},[20,57644,2412],{},[48,57646,57648],{"className":50,"code":57647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57649,57650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57651,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57653,8567],{"class":63},[57,57655,620],{"class":71},[57,57657,41486],{"class":113},[57,57659,105],{"class":71},[57,57661,364],{"class":113},[57,57663,316],{"class":71},[30,57665,57666,57671],{},[33,57667,57668,57670],{},[15,57669,8567],{}," is the list you want to search",[33,57672,57673,57675],{},[15,57674,364],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57677,864],{},[48,57679,57681],{"className":50,"code":57680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57682,57683,57723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57684,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57686,36322],{"class":63},[57,57688,68],{"class":67},[57,57690,72],{"class":71},[57,57692,170],{"class":169},[57,57694,614],{"class":173},[57,57696,170],{"class":169},[57,57698,79],{"class":71},[57,57700,181],{"class":169},[57,57702,4993],{"class":173},[57,57704,170],{"class":169},[57,57706,79],{"class":71},[57,57708,181],{"class":169},[57,57710,614],{"class":173},[57,57712,170],{"class":169},[57,57714,79],{"class":71},[57,57716,181],{"class":169},[57,57718,9966],{"class":173},[57,57720,170],{"class":169},[57,57722,95],{"class":71},[57,57724,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57741,57743],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57726,102],{"class":101},[57,57728,105],{"class":71},[57,57730,36375],{"class":113},[57,57732,620],{"class":71},[57,57734,41486],{"class":113},[57,57736,105],{"class":71},[57,57738,170],{"class":169},[57,57740,614],{"class":173},[57,57742,170],{"class":169},[57,57744,117],{"class":71},[20,57746,216],{},[48,57748,57749],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,57750,57751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57752,57753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57754,17286],{"class":75},[20,57756,57757,57758,620],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57759,1294],{},[43,57761,38249],{"id":38248},[20,57763,57764,57765,57767,57768,620],{},"The return value from ",[15,57766,57510],{}," is always an ",[15,57769,2440],{},[20,57771,57772],{},"Possible results:",[30,57774,57775,57780,57785],{},[33,57776,57777,57779],{},[15,57778,1294],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[33,57781,57782,57784],{},[15,57783,3231],{}," if it appears once",[33,57786,57787,57789],{},[15,57788,1788],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57791,864],{},[48,57793,57795],{"className":50,"code":57794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57796,57797,57837,57841,57866,57891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57798,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823,57825,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57800,13306],{"class":63},[57,57802,68],{"class":67},[57,57804,72],{"class":71},[57,57806,170],{"class":169},[57,57808,13323],{"class":173},[57,57810,170],{"class":169},[57,57812,79],{"class":71},[57,57814,181],{"class":169},[57,57816,13340],{"class":173},[57,57818,170],{"class":169},[57,57820,79],{"class":71},[57,57822,181],{"class":169},[57,57824,17686],{"class":173},[57,57826,170],{"class":169},[57,57828,79],{"class":71},[57,57830,181],{"class":169},[57,57832,13340],{"class":173},[57,57834,170],{"class":169},[57,57836,95],{"class":71},[57,57838,57839],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,57840,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,57842,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859,57861,57863],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,57844,102],{"class":101},[57,57846,105],{"class":71},[57,57848,17733],{"class":113},[57,57850,620],{"class":71},[57,57852,41486],{"class":113},[57,57854,105],{"class":71},[57,57856,170],{"class":169},[57,57858,13340],{"class":173},[57,57860,170],{"class":169},[57,57862,5592],{"class":71},[57,57864,57865],{"class":3903},"   # 2\n",[57,57867,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,57869,102],{"class":101},[57,57871,105],{"class":71},[57,57873,17733],{"class":113},[57,57875,620],{"class":71},[57,57877,41486],{"class":113},[57,57879,105],{"class":71},[57,57881,170],{"class":169},[57,57883,13323],{"class":173},[57,57885,170],{"class":169},[57,57887,5592],{"class":71},[57,57889,57890],{"class":3903},"    # 1\n",[57,57892,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,57894,102],{"class":101},[57,57896,105],{"class":71},[57,57898,17733],{"class":113},[57,57900,620],{"class":71},[57,57902,41486],{"class":113},[57,57904,105],{"class":71},[57,57906,170],{"class":169},[57,57908,22754],{"class":173},[57,57910,170],{"class":169},[57,57912,5592],{"class":71},[57,57914,57915],{"class":3903}," # 0\n",[20,57917,57918,57919,57921,57922,57924,57925,620],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57920,57510],{}," works, but using ",[15,57923,1969],{}," is often simpler. See ",[614,57926,6428],{"href":6427},[43,57928,57930],{"id":57929},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57932,57933,57935],{},[15,57934,57515],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57937,57938],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57940,43875],{},[30,57942,57943,57946,57949,57956],{},[33,57944,57945],{},"matches are based on equality",[33,57947,57948],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[33,57950,57951,1242,57953,57955],{},[15,57952,3231],{},[15,57954,3845],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[33,57957,57958],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[943,57960,57962],{"id":57961},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[48,57964,57966],{"className":50,"code":57965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57967,57968,58001,58025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,57969,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57989,57991,57993,57995,57997,57999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,57971,162],{"class":63},[57,57973,68],{"class":67},[57,57975,72],{"class":71},[57,57977,170],{"class":169},[57,57979,174],{"class":173},[57,57981,170],{"class":169},[57,57983,79],{"class":71},[57,57985,181],{"class":169},[57,57987,57988],{"class":173},"Apple",[57,57990,170],{"class":169},[57,57992,79],{"class":71},[57,57994,181],{"class":169},[57,57996,174],{"class":173},[57,57998,170],{"class":169},[57,58000,95],{"class":71},[57,58002,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58004,102],{"class":101},[57,58006,105],{"class":71},[57,58008,211],{"class":113},[57,58010,620],{"class":71},[57,58012,41486],{"class":113},[57,58014,105],{"class":71},[57,58016,170],{"class":169},[57,58018,174],{"class":173},[57,58020,170],{"class":169},[57,58022,5592],{"class":71},[57,58024,51636],{"class":3903},[57,58026,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037,58039,58041,58043,58045,58047],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,58028,102],{"class":101},[57,58030,105],{"class":71},[57,58032,211],{"class":113},[57,58034,620],{"class":71},[57,58036,41486],{"class":113},[57,58038,105],{"class":71},[57,58040,170],{"class":169},[57,58042,57988],{"class":173},[57,58044,170],{"class":169},[57,58046,5592],{"class":71},[57,58048,28010],{"class":3903},[20,58050,58051,1242,58054,58057],{},[15,58052,58053],{},"\"apple\"",[15,58055,58056],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[943,58059,58061,1242,58063,58065],{"id":58060},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58062,3231],{},[15,58064,3845],{}," can match",[48,58067,58069],{"className":50,"code":58068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58070,58071,58095,58115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58072,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58074,4061],{"class":63},[57,58076,68],{"class":67},[57,58078,72],{"class":71},[57,58080,3231],{"class":75},[57,58082,79],{"class":71},[57,58084,4150],{"class":1523},[57,58086,79],{"class":71},[57,58088,87],{"class":75},[57,58090,79],{"class":71},[57,58092,5729],{"class":75},[57,58094,95],{"class":71},[57,58096,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58098,102],{"class":101},[57,58100,105],{"class":71},[57,58102,5589],{"class":113},[57,58104,620],{"class":71},[57,58106,41486],{"class":113},[57,58108,105],{"class":71},[57,58110,3231],{"class":75},[57,58112,5592],{"class":71},[57,58114,51139],{"class":3903},[57,58116,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,58118,102],{"class":101},[57,58120,105],{"class":71},[57,58122,5589],{"class":113},[57,58124,620],{"class":71},[57,58126,41486],{"class":113},[57,58128,105],{"class":71},[57,58130,3845],{"class":1523},[57,58132,5592],{"class":71},[57,58134,50991],{"class":3903},[20,58136,4642],{},[20,58138,58139],{},"In Python:",[30,58141,58142,58147],{},[33,58143,58144],{},[15,58145,58146],{},"True == 1",[33,58148,58149],{},[15,58150,58151],{},"False == 0",[20,58153,53872,58154,58156],{},[15,58155,57510],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[943,58158,58160],{"id":58159},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[48,58162,58164],{"className":50,"code":58163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58165,58166,58208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58167,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204,58206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58169,1147],{"class":63},[57,58171,68],{"class":67},[57,58173,56513],{"class":71},[57,58175,3231],{"class":75},[57,58177,79],{"class":71},[57,58179,87],{"class":75},[57,58181,18293],{"class":71},[57,58183,72],{"class":71},[57,58185,76],{"class":75},[57,58187,79],{"class":71},[57,58189,2706],{"class":75},[57,58191,18293],{"class":71},[57,58193,72],{"class":71},[57,58195,3231],{"class":75},[57,58197,79],{"class":71},[57,58199,87],{"class":75},[57,58201,18293],{"class":71},[57,58203,72],{"class":71},[57,58205,3231],{"class":75},[57,58207,53461],{"class":71},[57,58209,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226,58228,58230],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58211,102],{"class":101},[57,58213,105],{"class":71},[57,58215,1199],{"class":113},[57,58217,620],{"class":71},[57,58219,41486],{"class":113},[57,58221,1949],{"class":71},[57,58223,3231],{"class":75},[57,58225,79],{"class":71},[57,58227,87],{"class":75},[57,58229,4967],{"class":71},[57,58231,51636],{"class":3903},[20,58233,58234],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[43,58236,58238],{"id":58237},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[943,58240,58242],{"id":58241},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[48,58244,58246],{"className":50,"code":58245,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58247,58248,58276,58294,58298],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58249,58250,58252,58254,58256,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270,58272,58274],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58251,64],{"class":63},[57,58253,68],{"class":67},[57,58255,72],{"class":71},[57,58257,1561],{"class":75},[57,58259,79],{"class":71},[57,58261,1617],{"class":75},[57,58263,79],{"class":71},[57,58265,6234],{"class":75},[57,58267,79],{"class":71},[57,58269,1575],{"class":75},[57,58271,79],{"class":71},[57,58273,6234],{"class":75},[57,58275,95],{"class":71},[57,58277,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58279,1336],{"class":63},[57,58281,68],{"class":67},[57,58283,4495],{"class":63},[57,58285,620],{"class":71},[57,58287,41486],{"class":113},[57,58289,105],{"class":71},[57,58291,1561],{"class":75},[57,58293,316],{"class":71},[57,58295,58296],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,58297,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,58299,58300,58302,58304,58306],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,58301,102],{"class":101},[57,58303,105],{"class":71},[57,58305,1368],{"class":113},[57,58307,316],{"class":71},[20,58309,216],{},[48,58311,58312],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58313,58314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58315,58316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58317,46841],{"class":75},[943,58319,58321],{"id":58320},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[48,58323,58325],{"className":50,"code":58324,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58326,58327,58368,58390,58394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58328,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361,58364,58366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58330,162],{"class":63},[57,58332,68],{"class":67},[57,58334,72],{"class":71},[57,58336,170],{"class":169},[57,58338,964],{"class":173},[57,58340,170],{"class":169},[57,58342,79],{"class":71},[57,58344,181],{"class":169},[57,58346,982],{"class":173},[57,58348,170],{"class":169},[57,58350,79],{"class":71},[57,58352,181],{"class":169},[57,58354,964],{"class":173},[57,58356,170],{"class":169},[57,58358,79],{"class":71},[57,58360,181],{"class":169},[57,58362,58363],{"class":173},"bird",[57,58365,170],{"class":169},[57,58367,95],{"class":71},[57,58369,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380,58382,58384,58386,58388],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58371,1336],{"class":63},[57,58373,68],{"class":67},[57,58375,6398],{"class":63},[57,58377,620],{"class":71},[57,58379,41486],{"class":113},[57,58381,105],{"class":71},[57,58383,170],{"class":169},[57,58385,964],{"class":173},[57,58387,170],{"class":169},[57,58389,316],{"class":71},[57,58391,58392],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,58393,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,58395,58396,58398,58400,58402],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,58397,102],{"class":101},[57,58399,105],{"class":71},[57,58401,1368],{"class":113},[57,58403,316],{"class":71},[20,58405,216],{},[48,58407,58408],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58409,58410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58411,58412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58413,17286],{"class":75},[943,58415,58417],{"id":58416},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[48,58419,58421],{"className":50,"code":58420,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58422,58423,58447,58465,58469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58424,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58426,64],{"class":63},[57,58428,68],{"class":67},[57,58430,72],{"class":71},[57,58432,3231],{"class":75},[57,58434,79],{"class":71},[57,58436,87],{"class":75},[57,58438,79],{"class":71},[57,58440,1793],{"class":75},[57,58442,79],{"class":71},[57,58444,2706],{"class":75},[57,58446,95],{"class":71},[57,58448,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58450,1336],{"class":63},[57,58452,68],{"class":67},[57,58454,4495],{"class":63},[57,58456,620],{"class":71},[57,58458,41486],{"class":113},[57,58460,105],{"class":71},[57,58462,2389],{"class":75},[57,58464,316],{"class":71},[57,58466,58467],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,58468,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,58470,58471,58473,58475,58477],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,58472,102],{"class":101},[57,58474,105],{"class":71},[57,58476,1368],{"class":113},[57,58478,316],{"class":71},[20,58480,216],{},[48,58482,58483],{"className":50,"code":1301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58484,58485],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58486,58487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58488,1301],{"class":75},[943,58490,58492],{"id":58491},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[48,58494,58496],{"className":50,"code":58495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58497,58498,58544,58566,58570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58499,58500,58502,58504,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58501,9393],{"class":63},[57,58503,68],{"class":67},[57,58505,56513],{"class":71},[57,58507,3231],{"class":75},[57,58509,79],{"class":71},[57,58511,87],{"class":75},[57,58513,18293],{"class":71},[57,58515,72],{"class":71},[57,58517,3231],{"class":75},[57,58519,79],{"class":71},[57,58521,87],{"class":75},[57,58523,18293],{"class":71},[57,58525,72],{"class":71},[57,58527,1788],{"class":75},[57,58529,79],{"class":71},[57,58531,1793],{"class":75},[57,58533,18293],{"class":71},[57,58535,72],{"class":71},[57,58537,3231],{"class":75},[57,58539,79],{"class":71},[57,58541,87],{"class":75},[57,58543,53461],{"class":71},[57,58545,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58547,1336],{"class":63},[57,58549,68],{"class":67},[57,58551,14797],{"class":63},[57,58553,620],{"class":71},[57,58555,41486],{"class":113},[57,58557,1949],{"class":71},[57,58559,3231],{"class":75},[57,58561,79],{"class":71},[57,58563,87],{"class":75},[57,58565,1975],{"class":71},[57,58567,58568],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,58569,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,58571,58572,58574,58576,58578],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,58573,102],{"class":101},[57,58575,105],{"class":71},[57,58577,1368],{"class":113},[57,58579,316],{"class":71},[20,58581,216],{},[48,58583,58584],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,58585,58586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58587,58588],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58589,46841],{"class":75},[43,58591,5194,58593],{"id":58592},"when-to-use-count",[15,58594,57510],{},[20,58596,1806,58597,58599],{},[15,58598,57510],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58601,58602],{},"Good use cases:",[30,58604,58605,58608,58611],{},[33,58606,58607],{},"counting one specific item",[33,58609,58610],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[33,58612,58613],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58615,864],{},[48,58617,58619],{"className":50,"code":58618,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58620,58621,58662,58686,58690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58622,58623,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58624,58625],{"class":63},"votes ",[57,58627,68],{"class":67},[57,58629,72],{"class":71},[57,58631,170],{"class":169},[57,58633,8885],{"class":173},[57,58635,170],{"class":169},[57,58637,79],{"class":71},[57,58639,181],{"class":169},[57,58641,8825],{"class":173},[57,58643,170],{"class":169},[57,58645,79],{"class":71},[57,58647,181],{"class":169},[57,58649,8885],{"class":173},[57,58651,170],{"class":169},[57,58653,79],{"class":71},[57,58655,181],{"class":169},[57,58657,8885],{"class":173},[57,58659,170],{"class":169},[57,58661,95],{"class":71},[57,58663,58664,58667,58669,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58665,58666],{"class":63},"yes_votes ",[57,58668,68],{"class":67},[57,58670,58671],{"class":63}," votes",[57,58673,620],{"class":71},[57,58675,41486],{"class":113},[57,58677,105],{"class":71},[57,58679,170],{"class":169},[57,58681,8885],{"class":173},[57,58683,170],{"class":169},[57,58685,316],{"class":71},[57,58687,58688],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,58689,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,58691,58692,58694,58696,58699],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,58693,102],{"class":101},[57,58695,105],{"class":71},[57,58697,58698],{"class":113},"yes_votes",[57,58700,316],{"class":71},[20,58702,58703,58705],{},[15,58704,57510],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58707,58708,58709,1242,58711,620],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[614,58710,52990],{"href":51200},[614,58712,58714],{"href":58713},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[43,58716,1829],{"id":1828},[20,58718,8675,58719,620],{},[15,58720,57515],{},[943,58722,58724],{"id":58723},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58726,58727,58729],{},[15,58728,57515],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[48,58731,58733],{"className":50,"code":58732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58734,58735,58768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58736,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756,58758,58760,58762,58764,58766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58738,162],{"class":63},[57,58740,68],{"class":67},[57,58742,72],{"class":71},[57,58744,170],{"class":169},[57,58746,58747],{"class":173},"apple pie",[57,58749,170],{"class":169},[57,58751,79],{"class":71},[57,58753,181],{"class":169},[57,58755,184],{"class":173},[57,58757,170],{"class":169},[57,58759,79],{"class":71},[57,58761,181],{"class":169},[57,58763,58747],{"class":173},[57,58765,170],{"class":169},[57,58767,95],{"class":71},[57,58769,58770,58772,58774,58776,58778,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58771,102],{"class":101},[57,58773,105],{"class":71},[57,58775,211],{"class":113},[57,58777,620],{"class":71},[57,58779,41486],{"class":113},[57,58781,105],{"class":71},[57,58783,170],{"class":169},[57,58785,174],{"class":173},[57,58787,170],{"class":169},[57,58789,5592],{"class":71},[57,58791,51468],{"class":3903},[20,58793,2737,58794,2053],{},[15,58795,1294],{},[20,58797,29292,58798,58800,58801,620],{},[15,58799,58053],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58802,58803],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58805,58806,58807,620],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58808,58809],{},"str.count()",[943,58811,1848,58813,8683,58815,3122,58817],{"id":58812},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58814,57510],{},[15,58816,3845],{},[15,58818,3914],{},[20,58820,58821,58823],{},[15,58822,57510],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[48,58825,58827],{"className":50,"code":58826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58828,58829,58853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58830,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58832,64],{"class":63},[57,58834,68],{"class":67},[57,58836,72],{"class":71},[57,58838,3231],{"class":75},[57,58840,79],{"class":71},[57,58842,87],{"class":75},[57,58844,79],{"class":71},[57,58846,87],{"class":75},[57,58848,79],{"class":71},[57,58850,1793],{"class":75},[57,58852,95],{"class":71},[57,58854,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58856,102],{"class":101},[57,58858,105],{"class":71},[57,58860,114],{"class":113},[57,58862,620],{"class":71},[57,58864,41486],{"class":113},[57,58866,105],{"class":71},[57,58868,1788],{"class":75},[57,58870,5592],{"class":71},[57,58872,51636],{"class":3903},[20,58874,58875],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[48,58877,58879],{"className":50,"code":58878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58880,58881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58882,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58884,102],{"class":101},[57,58886,105],{"class":71},[57,58888,1788],{"class":75},[57,58890,21404],{"class":1962},[57,58892,4495],{"class":113},[57,58894,1959],{"class":71},[57,58896,3904],{"class":3903},[943,58898,58900],{"id":58899},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[48,58902,58904],{"className":50,"code":58903,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58905,58906,58939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58907,58908,58910,58912,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58935,58937],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58909,5228],{"class":63},[57,58911,68],{"class":67},[57,58913,72],{"class":71},[57,58915,170],{"class":169},[57,58917,7907],{"class":173},[57,58919,170],{"class":169},[57,58921,79],{"class":71},[57,58923,181],{"class":169},[57,58925,20449],{"class":173},[57,58927,170],{"class":169},[57,58929,79],{"class":71},[57,58931,181],{"class":169},[57,58933,58934],{"class":173},"SAM",[57,58936,170],{"class":169},[57,58938,95],{"class":71},[57,58940,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58942,102],{"class":101},[57,58944,105],{"class":71},[57,58946,5272],{"class":113},[57,58948,620],{"class":71},[57,58950,41486],{"class":113},[57,58952,105],{"class":71},[57,58954,170],{"class":169},[57,58956,20449],{"class":173},[57,58958,170],{"class":169},[57,58960,5592],{"class":71},[57,58962,28010],{"class":3903},[20,58964,58965,58966,58969],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58967,58968],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[943,58971,1837,58973,33779],{"id":58972},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58974,57510],{},[20,58976,58977],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[48,58979,58981],{"className":50,"code":58980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58982,58983,58993,59007,59025,59039,59051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,58984,58985,58987,58989,58991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,58986,102],{"class":101},[57,58988,105],{"class":71},[57,58990,8567],{"class":113},[57,58992,316],{"class":71},[57,58994,58995,58997,58999,59001,59003,59005],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,58996,102],{"class":101},[57,58998,105],{"class":71},[57,59000,1886],{"class":1102},[57,59002,105],{"class":71},[57,59004,8567],{"class":113},[57,59006,117],{"class":71},[57,59008,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59010,102],{"class":101},[57,59012,105],{"class":71},[57,59014,8567],{"class":113},[57,59016,620],{"class":71},[57,59018,41486],{"class":113},[57,59020,105],{"class":71},[57,59022,364],{"class":113},[57,59024,117],{"class":71},[57,59026,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,59028,102],{"class":101},[57,59030,105],{"class":71},[57,59032,2696],{"class":113},[57,59034,1969],{"class":1962},[57,59036,8624],{"class":113},[57,59038,316],{"class":71},[57,59040,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,59042,6189],{"class":1962},[57,59044,6192],{"class":63},[57,59046,1969],{"class":1962},[57,59048,8624],{"class":63},[57,59050,6623],{"class":71},[57,59052,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,59054,8296],{"class":101},[57,59056,105],{"class":71},[57,59058,42006],{"class":101},[57,59060,105],{"class":71},[57,59062,23541],{"class":113},[57,59064,117],{"class":71},[20,59066,59067],{},"These checks can help you see:",[30,59069,59070,59073,59076],{},[33,59071,59072],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[33,59074,59075],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[33,59077,59078],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59080,59081],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[30,59083,59084,59089,59092,59099],{},[33,59085,50712,59086,59088],{},[15,59087,57510],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[33,59090,59091],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[33,59093,11335,59094,59096,59097],{},[15,59095,57515],{}," with string ",[15,59098,57510],{},[33,59100,59101],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[43,59103,2011],{"id":2010},[943,59105,12933,59107,59109],{"id":59106},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59108,57515],{}," change the list?",[20,59111,59112],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[943,59114,59116],{"id":59115},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59118,12140,59119,620],{},[15,59120,1294],{},[943,59122,2025,59124,59126],{"id":59123},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59125,57515],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59128,59129],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[943,59131,15133,59133,59135],{"id":59132},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59134,57515],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59137,42379,59138,1242,59140,59142],{},[15,59139,58056],{},[15,59141,58053],{}," are different values.",[943,59144,5389,59146,59148,59149,2053],{"id":59145},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59147,3845],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59150,3231],{},[20,59152,9013,59153,59155,59156,1242,59158,59155,59160,620],{},[15,59154,3845],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59157,3231],{},[15,59159,3914],{},[15,59161,1294],{},[43,59163,2135],{"id":2134},[30,59165,59166,59170,59174,59178,59186,59193],{},[33,59167,59168],{},[614,59169,52990],{"href":51200},[33,59171,59172],{},[614,59173,2162],{"href":2161},[33,59175,59176],{},[614,59177,7166],{"href":6427},[33,59179,59180],{},[614,59181,55739,59183,10968],{"href":59182},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59184,59185],{},"index()",[33,59187,59188],{},[614,59189,13,59191],{"href":59190},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59192,1033],{},[33,59194,59195],{},[614,59196,59197],{"href":58713},"What is a list in Python",[2172,59199,59200],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":59202},[59203,59204,59206,59207,59208,59214,59220,59222,59230,59241],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":57607,"depth":98,"text":59205},"What list.count() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":38248,"depth":98,"text":38249},{"id":57929,"depth":98,"text":57930,"children":59209},[59210,59211,59213],{"id":57961,"depth":120,"text":57962},{"id":58060,"depth":120,"text":59212},"1 and True can match",{"id":58159,"depth":120,"text":58160},{"id":58237,"depth":98,"text":58238,"children":59215},[59216,59217,59218,59219],{"id":58241,"depth":120,"text":58242},{"id":58320,"depth":120,"text":58321},{"id":58416,"depth":120,"text":58417},{"id":58491,"depth":120,"text":58492},{"id":58592,"depth":98,"text":59221},"When to use count()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":59223},[59224,59225,59227,59228],{"id":58723,"depth":120,"text":58724},{"id":58812,"depth":120,"text":59226},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58899,"depth":120,"text":58900},{"id":58972,"depth":120,"text":59229},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":59231},[59232,59234,59235,59237,59239],{"id":59106,"depth":120,"text":59233},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59115,"depth":120,"text":59116},{"id":59123,"depth":120,"text":59236},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59132,"depth":120,"text":59238},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59145,"depth":120,"text":59240},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57502,"description":59242},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59249,"title":59250,"body":59251,"description":61214,"extension":2219,"meta":61215,"navigation":123,"path":61216,"seo":61217,"stem":61218,"__hash__":61219},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59252,"toc":61177},[59253,59256,59259,59261,59389,59393,59474,59485,59487,59506,59510,59513,59516,59534,59536,59579,59583,59608,59617,59621,59626,59629,59746,59750,59819,59823,59835,59839,59842,59883,59887,59900,59903,59988,59992,60025,60032,60038,60043,60045,60057,60061,60094,60098,60130,60134,60171,60175,60195,60199,60233,60237,60266,60277,60281,60284,60287,60300,60357,60361,60400,60406,60409,60411,60414,60418,60421,60446,60448,60473,60480,60483,60528,60532,60551,60554,60593,60600,60605,60639,60643,60744,60751,60784,60788,60814,60818,60821,60859,60862,60899,60903,60906,60925,60929,60990,60992,61010,61014,61017,61020,61049,61051,61055,61058,61066,61070,61073,61093,61099,61105,61109,61112,61119,61127,61129,61168,61174],[10,59254,59250],{"id":59255},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59257,59258],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[43,59260,3850],{"id":3849},[48,59262,59264],{"className":50,"code":59263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59265,59266,59286,59318,59326,59344,59348,59358,59368,59379],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59267,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59269,64],{"class":63},[57,59271,68],{"class":67},[57,59273,72],{"class":71},[57,59275,3231],{"class":75},[57,59277,79],{"class":71},[57,59279,87],{"class":75},[57,59281,79],{"class":71},[57,59283,1793],{"class":75},[57,59285,95],{"class":71},[57,59287,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300,59302,59304,59306,59308,59310,59312,59314,59316],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59289,5228],{"class":63},[57,59291,68],{"class":67},[57,59293,72],{"class":71},[57,59295,170],{"class":169},[57,59297,13110],{"class":173},[57,59299,170],{"class":169},[57,59301,79],{"class":71},[57,59303,181],{"class":169},[57,59305,36172],{"class":173},[57,59307,170],{"class":169},[57,59309,79],{"class":71},[57,59311,181],{"class":169},[57,59313,36181],{"class":173},[57,59315,170],{"class":169},[57,59317,95],{"class":71},[57,59319,59320,59322,59324],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59321,56150],{"class":63},[57,59323,68],{"class":67},[57,59325,1273],{"class":71},[57,59327,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,59329,36322],{"class":63},[57,59331,68],{"class":67},[57,59333,22790],{"class":1102},[57,59335,105],{"class":71},[57,59337,170],{"class":169},[57,59339,41787],{"class":173},[57,59341,170],{"class":169},[57,59343,316],{"class":71},[57,59345,59346],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,59347,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,59349,59350,59352,59354,59356],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,59351,102],{"class":101},[57,59353,105],{"class":71},[57,59355,114],{"class":113},[57,59357,316],{"class":71},[57,59359,59360,59362,59364,59366],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,59361,102],{"class":101},[57,59363,105],{"class":71},[57,59365,5272],{"class":113},[57,59367,316],{"class":71},[57,59369,59370,59372,59374,59377],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,59371,102],{"class":101},[57,59373,105],{"class":71},[57,59375,59376],{"class":113},"empty_list",[57,59378,316],{"class":71},[57,59380,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,59382,102],{"class":101},[57,59384,105],{"class":71},[57,59386,36375],{"class":113},[57,59388,316],{"class":71},[20,59390,59391],{},[1399,59392,216],{},[48,59394,59396],{"className":50,"code":59395,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59397,59398,59414,59442,59446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59399,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59401,1785],{"class":71},[57,59403,3231],{"class":75},[57,59405,79],{"class":71},[57,59407,87],{"class":75},[57,59409,79],{"class":71},[57,59411,1793],{"class":75},[57,59413,95],{"class":71},[57,59415,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438,59440],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59417,1785],{"class":71},[57,59419,3543],{"class":169},[57,59421,13110],{"class":173},[57,59423,3543],{"class":169},[57,59425,79],{"class":71},[57,59427,3538],{"class":169},[57,59429,36172],{"class":173},[57,59431,3543],{"class":169},[57,59433,79],{"class":71},[57,59435,3538],{"class":169},[57,59437,36181],{"class":173},[57,59439,3543],{"class":169},[57,59441,95],{"class":71},[57,59443,59444],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59445,38526],{"class":71},[57,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,59449,1785],{"class":71},[57,59451,3543],{"class":169},[57,59453,614],{"class":173},[57,59455,3543],{"class":169},[57,59457,79],{"class":71},[57,59459,3538],{"class":169},[57,59461,4993],{"class":173},[57,59463,3543],{"class":169},[57,59465,79],{"class":71},[57,59467,3538],{"class":169},[57,59469,9966],{"class":173},[57,59471,3543],{"class":169},[57,59473,95],{"class":71},[20,59475,59476,59477,59479,59480,59482,59483,620],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59478,4025],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59481,25011],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59484,36430],{},[43,59486,15393],{"id":15392},[30,59488,59489,59492,59495,59498,59503],{},[33,59490,59491],{},"What a list is in Python",[33,59493,59494],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[33,59496,59497],{},"How to create an empty list",[33,59499,59500,59501,2553],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59502,25011],{},[33,59504,59505],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[43,59507,59509],{"id":59508},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59511,59512],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59514,59515],{},"This means:",[30,59517,59518,59521,59524,59527],{},[33,59519,59520],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[33,59522,59523],{},"The order of items is kept",[33,59525,59526],{},"A list can hold different data types",[33,59528,59529,59530,59533],{},"A list is ",[1399,59531,59532],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59535,864],{},[48,59537,59539],{"className":50,"code":59538,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59540,59541,59565,59569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59542,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559,59561,59563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59544,1147],{"class":63},[57,59546,68],{"class":67},[57,59548,72],{"class":71},[57,59550,170],{"class":169},[57,59552,174],{"class":173},[57,59554,170],{"class":169},[57,59556,79],{"class":71},[57,59558,6234],{"class":75},[57,59560,79],{"class":71},[57,59562,4150],{"class":1523},[57,59564,95],{"class":71},[57,59566,59567],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59568,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,59570,59571,59573,59575,59577],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59572,102],{"class":101},[57,59574,105],{"class":71},[57,59576,1199],{"class":113},[57,59578,316],{"class":71},[20,59580,59581],{},[1399,59582,216],{},[48,59584,59586],{"className":50,"code":59585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59587,59588],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59589,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59591,1785],{"class":71},[57,59593,3543],{"class":169},[57,59595,174],{"class":173},[57,59597,3543],{"class":169},[57,59599,79],{"class":71},[57,59601,6234],{"class":75},[57,59603,79],{"class":71},[57,59605,4150],{"class":1523},[57,59607,95],{"class":71},[20,59609,59610,59611,3122,59614,620],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[614,59612,59613],{"href":51200},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[614,59615,59616],{"href":58713},"What is a List in Python?",[43,59618,59620],{"id":59619},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59622,59476,59623,59625],{},[15,59624,4025],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59627,59628],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[48,59630,59632],{"className":50,"code":59631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59633,59634,59654,59686,59711,59715,59725,59735],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59637,64],{"class":63},[57,59639,68],{"class":67},[57,59641,72],{"class":71},[57,59643,3231],{"class":75},[57,59645,79],{"class":71},[57,59647,87],{"class":75},[57,59649,79],{"class":71},[57,59651,1793],{"class":75},[57,59653,95],{"class":71},[57,59655,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680,59682,59684],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59657,5228],{"class":63},[57,59659,68],{"class":67},[57,59661,72],{"class":71},[57,59663,170],{"class":169},[57,59665,13110],{"class":173},[57,59667,170],{"class":169},[57,59669,79],{"class":71},[57,59671,181],{"class":169},[57,59673,36172],{"class":173},[57,59675,170],{"class":169},[57,59677,79],{"class":71},[57,59679,181],{"class":169},[57,59681,36181],{"class":173},[57,59683,170],{"class":169},[57,59685,95],{"class":71},[57,59687,59688,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59689,59690],{"class":63},"mixed ",[57,59692,68],{"class":67},[57,59694,72],{"class":71},[57,59696,1561],{"class":75},[57,59698,79],{"class":71},[57,59700,181],{"class":169},[57,59702,4084],{"class":173},[57,59704,170],{"class":169},[57,59706,79],{"class":71},[57,59708,4141],{"class":1523},[57,59710,95],{"class":71},[57,59712,59713],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,59714,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,59716,59717,59719,59721,59723],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,59718,102],{"class":101},[57,59720,105],{"class":71},[57,59722,114],{"class":113},[57,59724,316],{"class":71},[57,59726,59727,59729,59731,59733],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,59728,102],{"class":101},[57,59730,105],{"class":71},[57,59732,5272],{"class":113},[57,59734,316],{"class":71},[57,59736,59737,59739,59741,59744],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,59738,102],{"class":101},[57,59740,105],{"class":71},[57,59742,59743],{"class":113},"mixed",[57,59745,316],{"class":71},[20,59747,59748],{},[1399,59749,216],{},[48,59751,59753],{"className":50,"code":59752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59754,59755,59771,59799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59756,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59758,1785],{"class":71},[57,59760,3231],{"class":75},[57,59762,79],{"class":71},[57,59764,87],{"class":75},[57,59766,79],{"class":71},[57,59768,1793],{"class":75},[57,59770,95],{"class":71},[57,59772,59773,59775,59777,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59774,1785],{"class":71},[57,59776,3543],{"class":169},[57,59778,13110],{"class":173},[57,59780,3543],{"class":169},[57,59782,79],{"class":71},[57,59784,3538],{"class":169},[57,59786,36172],{"class":173},[57,59788,3543],{"class":169},[57,59790,79],{"class":71},[57,59792,3538],{"class":169},[57,59794,36181],{"class":173},[57,59796,3543],{"class":169},[57,59798,95],{"class":71},[57,59800,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59802,1785],{"class":71},[57,59804,1561],{"class":75},[57,59806,79],{"class":71},[57,59808,3538],{"class":169},[57,59810,4084],{"class":173},[57,59812,3543],{"class":169},[57,59814,79],{"class":71},[57,59816,4141],{"class":1523},[57,59818,95],{"class":71},[943,59820,59822],{"id":59821},"key-points","Key points",[30,59824,59825,59830,59832],{},[33,59826,1806,59827,59829],{},[15,59828,4025],{}," to make a new list",[33,59831,15663],{},[33,59833,59834],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[43,59836,59838],{"id":59837},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59840,59841],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[48,59843,59845],{"className":50,"code":59844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59846,59847,59855,59859,59869],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59848,59849,59851,59853],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59850,8536],{"class":63},[57,59852,68],{"class":67},[57,59854,1273],{"class":71},[57,59856,59857],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59858,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,59860,59861,59863,59865,59867],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59862,102],{"class":101},[57,59864,105],{"class":71},[57,59866,8567],{"class":113},[57,59868,316],{"class":71},[57,59870,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,59872,102],{"class":101},[57,59874,105],{"class":71},[57,59876,1007],{"class":101},[57,59878,105],{"class":71},[57,59880,8567],{"class":113},[57,59882,117],{"class":71},[20,59884,59885],{},[1399,59886,216],{},[48,59888,59890],{"className":50,"code":59889,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[]\n0\n",[15,59891,59892,59896],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59893,59894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59895,38526],{"class":71},[57,59897,59898],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59899,1301],{"class":75},[20,59901,59902],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[48,59904,59906],{"className":50,"code":59905,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59907,59908,59916,59920,59938,59956,59974,59978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59909,59910,59912,59914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,59911,5228],{"class":63},[57,59913,68],{"class":67},[57,59915,1273],{"class":71},[57,59917,59918],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,59919,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,59923,5272],{"class":63},[57,59925,620],{"class":71},[57,59927,13783],{"class":113},[57,59929,105],{"class":71},[57,59931,170],{"class":169},[57,59933,13110],{"class":173},[57,59935,170],{"class":169},[57,59937,316],{"class":71},[57,59939,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,59941,5272],{"class":63},[57,59943,620],{"class":71},[57,59945,13783],{"class":113},[57,59947,105],{"class":71},[57,59949,170],{"class":169},[57,59951,36172],{"class":173},[57,59953,170],{"class":169},[57,59955,316],{"class":71},[57,59957,59958,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970,59972],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,59959,5272],{"class":63},[57,59961,620],{"class":71},[57,59963,13783],{"class":113},[57,59965,105],{"class":71},[57,59967,170],{"class":169},[57,59969,36181],{"class":173},[57,59971,170],{"class":169},[57,59973,316],{"class":71},[57,59975,59976],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,59977,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,59979,59980,59982,59984,59986],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,59981,102],{"class":101},[57,59983,105],{"class":71},[57,59985,5272],{"class":113},[57,59987,316],{"class":71},[20,59989,59990],{},[1399,59991,216],{},[48,59993,59995],{"className":50,"code":59994,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59996,59997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,59998,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60000,1785],{"class":71},[57,60002,3543],{"class":169},[57,60004,13110],{"class":173},[57,60006,3543],{"class":169},[57,60008,79],{"class":71},[57,60010,3538],{"class":169},[57,60012,36172],{"class":173},[57,60014,3543],{"class":169},[57,60016,79],{"class":71},[57,60018,3538],{"class":169},[57,60020,36181],{"class":173},[57,60022,3543],{"class":169},[57,60024,95],{"class":71},[20,60026,60027,60028,620],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[614,60029,60030,10968],{"href":56988},[15,60031,52871],{},[43,60033,60035,60036],{"id":60034},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,60037,25011],{},[20,60039,1806,60040,60042],{},[15,60041,25011],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,60044,5688],{},[30,60046,60047,60049,60051,60053],{},[33,60048,5539],{},[33,60050,5533],{},[33,60052,5536],{},[33,60054,60055],{},[15,60056,36430],{},[943,60058,60060],{"id":60059},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[48,60062,60064],{"className":50,"code":60063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60065,60066,60084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60067,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076,60078,60080,60082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60069,36322],{"class":63},[57,60071,68],{"class":67},[57,60073,22790],{"class":1102},[57,60075,105],{"class":71},[57,60077,170],{"class":169},[57,60079,41787],{"class":173},[57,60081,170],{"class":169},[57,60083,316],{"class":71},[57,60085,60086,60088,60090,60092],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60087,102],{"class":101},[57,60089,105],{"class":71},[57,60091,36375],{"class":113},[57,60093,316],{"class":71},[20,60095,60096],{},[1399,60097,216],{},[48,60099,60100],{"className":50,"code":43100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,60101,60102],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60103,60104,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60105,1785],{"class":71},[57,60107,3543],{"class":169},[57,60109,614],{"class":173},[57,60111,3543],{"class":169},[57,60113,79],{"class":71},[57,60115,3538],{"class":169},[57,60117,4993],{"class":173},[57,60119,3543],{"class":169},[57,60121,79],{"class":71},[57,60123,3538],{"class":169},[57,60125,9966],{"class":173},[57,60127,3543],{"class":169},[57,60129,95],{"class":71},[943,60131,60133],{"id":60132},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[48,60135,60137],{"className":50,"code":60136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60138,60139,60161],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60140,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157,60159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60142,64],{"class":63},[57,60144,68],{"class":67},[57,60146,22790],{"class":1102},[57,60148,5742],{"class":71},[57,60150,3231],{"class":75},[57,60152,79],{"class":71},[57,60154,87],{"class":75},[57,60156,79],{"class":71},[57,60158,1793],{"class":75},[57,60160,117],{"class":71},[57,60162,60163,60165,60167,60169],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60164,102],{"class":101},[57,60166,105],{"class":71},[57,60168,114],{"class":113},[57,60170,316],{"class":71},[20,60172,60173],{},[1399,60174,216],{},[48,60176,60177],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,60178,60179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60180,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60182,1785],{"class":71},[57,60184,3231],{"class":75},[57,60186,79],{"class":71},[57,60188,87],{"class":75},[57,60190,79],{"class":71},[57,60192,1793],{"class":75},[57,60194,95],{"class":71},[943,60196,60198],{"id":60197},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[48,60200,60202],{"className":50,"code":60201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60203,60204,60223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60205,60206,60208,60210,60212,60214,60217,60219,60221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60207,4061],{"class":63},[57,60209,68],{"class":67},[57,60211,22790],{"class":1102},[57,60213,105],{"class":71},[57,60215,60216],{"class":101},"range",[57,60218,105],{"class":71},[57,60220,2389],{"class":75},[57,60222,117],{"class":71},[57,60224,60225,60227,60229,60231],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60226,102],{"class":101},[57,60228,105],{"class":71},[57,60230,5589],{"class":113},[57,60232,316],{"class":71},[20,60234,60235],{},[1399,60236,216],{},[48,60238,60240],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60241,60242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60243,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60245,1785],{"class":71},[57,60247,1294],{"class":75},[57,60249,79],{"class":71},[57,60251,5729],{"class":75},[57,60253,79],{"class":71},[57,60255,87],{"class":75},[57,60257,79],{"class":71},[57,60259,1793],{"class":75},[57,60261,79],{"class":71},[57,60263,2706],{"class":75},[57,60265,95],{"class":71},[20,60267,60268,60270,60271,620],{},[15,60269,25011],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[614,60272,60274,60276],{"href":60273},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60275,25011],{},": Function Explained",[43,60278,60280],{"id":60279},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60282,60283],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60285,60286],{},"Examples include:",[30,60288,60289,60291,60293,60295,60297],{},[33,60290,5539],{},[33,60292,40652],{},[33,60294,52266],{},[33,60296,40822],{},[33,60298,60299],{},"other lists",[48,60301,60303],{"className":50,"code":60302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60304,60305,60343,60347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60306,60307,60309,60311,60313,60315,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60308,9393],{"class":63},[57,60310,68],{"class":67},[57,60312,72],{"class":71},[57,60314,170],{"class":169},[57,60316,13110],{"class":173},[57,60318,170],{"class":169},[57,60320,79],{"class":71},[57,60322,9533],{"class":75},[57,60324,79],{"class":71},[57,60326,4150],{"class":1523},[57,60328,79],{"class":71},[57,60330,72],{"class":71},[57,60332,3231],{"class":75},[57,60334,79],{"class":71},[57,60336,87],{"class":75},[57,60338,79],{"class":71},[57,60340,1793],{"class":75},[57,60342,53461],{"class":71},[57,60344,60345],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60346,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,60348,60349,60351,60353,60355],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,60350,102],{"class":101},[57,60352,105],{"class":71},[57,60354,9431],{"class":113},[57,60356,316],{"class":71},[20,60358,60359],{},[1399,60360,216],{},[48,60362,60364],{"className":50,"code":60363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60365,60366],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60367,60368,60370,60372,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60369,1785],{"class":71},[57,60371,3543],{"class":169},[57,60373,13110],{"class":173},[57,60375,3543],{"class":169},[57,60377,79],{"class":71},[57,60379,9533],{"class":75},[57,60381,79],{"class":71},[57,60383,4150],{"class":1523},[57,60385,79],{"class":71},[57,60387,72],{"class":71},[57,60389,3231],{"class":75},[57,60391,79],{"class":71},[57,60393,87],{"class":75},[57,60395,79],{"class":71},[57,60397,1793],{"class":75},[57,60399,53461],{"class":71},[20,60401,60402,60403,620],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[1399,60404,60405],{},"nested list",[20,60407,60408],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[43,60410,4751],{"id":4750},[20,60412,60413],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[943,60415,60417],{"id":60416},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60419,60420],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[48,60422,60424],{"className":50,"code":60423,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60425,60426,60430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60427,60428],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60429,4768],{"class":3903},[57,60431,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60433,64],{"class":63},[57,60435,68],{"class":67},[57,60437,72],{"class":71},[57,60439,3231],{"class":75},[57,60441,87],{"class":75},[57,60443,1793],{"class":75},[57,60445,95],{"class":71},[20,60447,11035],{},[48,60449,60451],{"className":50,"code":60450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60452,60453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60454,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463,60465,60467,60469,60471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60456,64],{"class":63},[57,60458,68],{"class":67},[57,60460,72],{"class":71},[57,60462,3231],{"class":75},[57,60464,79],{"class":71},[57,60466,87],{"class":75},[57,60468,79],{"class":71},[57,60470,1793],{"class":75},[57,60472,95],{"class":71},[943,60474,443,60476,11320,60478],{"id":60475},"using-instead-of",[15,60477,1475],{},[15,60479,4025],{},[20,60481,60482],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[48,60484,60486],{"className":50,"code":60485,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60487,60488,60509,60513],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60489,60490,60493,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505,60507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60491,60492],{"class":63},"my_values ",[57,60494,68],{"class":67},[57,60496,9463],{"class":71},[57,60498,3231],{"class":75},[57,60500,79],{"class":71},[57,60502,87],{"class":75},[57,60504,79],{"class":71},[57,60506,1793],{"class":75},[57,60508,316],{"class":71},[57,60510,60511],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60512,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,60514,60515,60517,60519,60521,60523,60526],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,60516,102],{"class":101},[57,60518,105],{"class":71},[57,60520,1886],{"class":1102},[57,60522,105],{"class":71},[57,60524,60525],{"class":113},"my_values",[57,60527,117],{"class":71},[20,60529,60530],{},[1399,60531,216],{},[48,60533,60535],{"className":50,"code":60534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60536,60537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60538,60539,60541,60543,60545,60547,60549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60540,3532],{"class":67},[57,60542,3535],{"class":1208},[57,60544,3538],{"class":169},[57,60546,49174],{"class":173},[57,60548,3543],{"class":169},[57,60550,3546],{"class":67},[20,60552,60553],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[48,60555,60557],{"className":50,"code":60556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60558,60559,60579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60560,60561,60563,60565,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60562,60492],{"class":63},[57,60564,68],{"class":67},[57,60566,72],{"class":71},[57,60568,3231],{"class":75},[57,60570,79],{"class":71},[57,60572,87],{"class":75},[57,60574,79],{"class":71},[57,60576,1793],{"class":75},[57,60578,95],{"class":71},[57,60580,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60582,102],{"class":101},[57,60584,105],{"class":71},[57,60586,1886],{"class":1102},[57,60588,105],{"class":71},[57,60590,60525],{"class":113},[57,60592,117],{"class":71},[943,60594,1848,60596,60599],{"id":60595},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60597,60598],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60601,60602,60604],{},[15,60603,25011],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[48,60606,60608],{"className":50,"code":60607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60609,60610,60629],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60611,60612,60614,60616,60618,60620,60622,60625,60627],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60613,1336],{"class":63},[57,60615,68],{"class":67},[57,60617,22790],{"class":1102},[57,60619,105],{"class":71},[57,60621,170],{"class":169},[57,60623,60624],{"class":173},"hello world",[57,60626,170],{"class":169},[57,60628,316],{"class":71},[57,60630,60631,60633,60635,60637],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60632,102],{"class":101},[57,60634,105],{"class":71},[57,60636,1368],{"class":113},[57,60638,316],{"class":71},[20,60640,60641],{},[1399,60642,216],{},[48,60644,60646],{"className":50,"code":60645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60647,60648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60649,60650,60652,60654,60657,60659,60661,60663,60666,60668,60670,60672,60675,60677,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704,60707,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60651,1785],{"class":71},[57,60653,3543],{"class":169},[57,60655,60656],{"class":173},"h",[57,60658,3543],{"class":169},[57,60660,79],{"class":71},[57,60662,3538],{"class":169},[57,60664,60665],{"class":173},"e",[57,60667,3543],{"class":169},[57,60669,79],{"class":71},[57,60671,3538],{"class":169},[57,60673,60674],{"class":173},"l",[57,60676,3543],{"class":169},[57,60678,79],{"class":71},[57,60680,3538],{"class":169},[57,60682,60674],{"class":173},[57,60684,3543],{"class":169},[57,60686,79],{"class":71},[57,60688,3538],{"class":169},[57,60690,60691],{"class":173},"o",[57,60693,3543],{"class":169},[57,60695,79],{"class":71},[57,60697,3538],{"class":169},[57,60699,3538],{"class":169},[57,60701,79],{"class":71},[57,60703,3538],{"class":169},[57,60705,60706],{"class":173},"w",[57,60708,3543],{"class":169},[57,60710,79],{"class":71},[57,60712,3538],{"class":169},[57,60714,60691],{"class":173},[57,60716,3543],{"class":169},[57,60718,79],{"class":71},[57,60720,3538],{"class":169},[57,60722,60723],{"class":173},"r",[57,60725,3543],{"class":169},[57,60727,79],{"class":71},[57,60729,3538],{"class":169},[57,60731,60674],{"class":173},[57,60733,3543],{"class":169},[57,60735,79],{"class":71},[57,60737,3538],{"class":169},[57,60739,18999],{"class":173},[57,60741,3543],{"class":169},[57,60743,95],{"class":71},[20,60745,60746,60747,60750],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60748,60749],{},"split()"," instead:",[48,60752,60754],{"className":50,"code":60753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60755,60756,60774],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60757,60758,60760,60762,60764,60766,60768,60770,60772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60759,162],{"class":63},[57,60761,68],{"class":67},[57,60763,181],{"class":169},[57,60765,60624],{"class":173},[57,60767,170],{"class":169},[57,60769,620],{"class":71},[57,60771,34699],{"class":113},[57,60773,8870],{"class":71},[57,60775,60776,60778,60780,60782],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60777,102],{"class":101},[57,60779,105],{"class":71},[57,60781,211],{"class":113},[57,60783,316],{"class":71},[20,60785,60786],{},[1399,60787,216],{},[48,60789,60791],{"className":50,"code":60790,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60792,60793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60794,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807,60810,60812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60796,1785],{"class":71},[57,60798,3543],{"class":169},[57,60800,4084],{"class":173},[57,60802,3543],{"class":169},[57,60804,79],{"class":71},[57,60806,3538],{"class":169},[57,60808,60809],{"class":173},"world",[57,60811,3543],{"class":169},[57,60813,95],{"class":71},[943,60815,60817],{"id":60816},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60819,60820],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[48,60822,60824],{"className":50,"code":60823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60825,60826,60830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60827,60828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60829,4768],{"class":3903},[57,60831,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846,60848,60851,60853,60855,60857],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60833,5228],{"class":63},[57,60835,68],{"class":67},[57,60837,72],{"class":71},[57,60839,170],{"class":169},[57,60841,13110],{"class":173},[57,60843,170],{"class":169},[57,60845,79],{"class":71},[57,60847,181],{"class":169},[57,60849,60850],{"class":173},"Ben', ",[57,60852,170],{"class":169},[57,60854,36181],{"class":63},[57,60856,170],{"class":169},[57,60858,95],{"class":173},[20,60860,60861],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[48,60863,60865],{"className":50,"code":60864,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60866,60867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60868,60869,60871,60873,60875,60877,60879,60881,60883,60885,60887,60889,60891,60893,60895,60897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60870,5228],{"class":63},[57,60872,68],{"class":67},[57,60874,72],{"class":71},[57,60876,170],{"class":169},[57,60878,13110],{"class":173},[57,60880,170],{"class":169},[57,60882,79],{"class":71},[57,60884,181],{"class":169},[57,60886,36172],{"class":173},[57,60888,170],{"class":169},[57,60890,79],{"class":71},[57,60892,181],{"class":169},[57,60894,36181],{"class":173},[57,60896,170],{"class":169},[57,60898,95],{"class":71},[943,60900,60902],{"id":60901},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60904,60905],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[30,60907,60908,60911,60914,60919],{},[33,60909,60910],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[33,60912,60913],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[33,60915,60916,60917],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60918,25011],{},[33,60920,1848,60921,60924],{},[15,60922,60923],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[943,60926,60928],{"id":60927},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[48,60930,60932],{"className":50,"code":60931,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60933,60934,60944,60958,60972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,60935,60936,60938,60940,60942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,60937,102],{"class":101},[57,60939,105],{"class":71},[57,60941,8567],{"class":113},[57,60943,316],{"class":71},[57,60945,60946,60948,60950,60952,60954,60956],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,60947,102],{"class":101},[57,60949,105],{"class":71},[57,60951,1886],{"class":1102},[57,60953,105],{"class":71},[57,60955,8567],{"class":113},[57,60957,117],{"class":71},[57,60959,60960,60962,60964,60966,60968,60970],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,60961,102],{"class":101},[57,60963,105],{"class":71},[57,60965,1007],{"class":101},[57,60967,105],{"class":71},[57,60969,8567],{"class":113},[57,60971,117],{"class":71},[57,60973,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986,60988],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,60975,102],{"class":101},[57,60977,105],{"class":71},[57,60979,8321],{"class":1102},[57,60981,105],{"class":71},[57,60983,60216],{"class":101},[57,60985,105],{"class":71},[57,60987,2389],{"class":75},[57,60989,1225],{"class":71},[20,60991,26239],{},[30,60993,60994,60997,61000,61003],{},[33,60995,60996],{},"what the list contains",[33,60998,60999],{},"whether the value is really a list",[33,61001,61002],{},"how many items it has",[33,61004,26250,61005,61007,61008],{},[15,61006,25011],{}," does with ",[15,61009,36430],{},[43,61011,61013],{"id":61012},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,61015,61016],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,61018,61019],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[30,61021,61022,61037,61042],{},[33,61023,1806,61024,2441,61028,17302,61032,61036],{},[614,61025,61026],{"href":56988},[15,61027,52871],{},[614,61029,61030],{"href":53563},[15,61031,53665],{},[614,61033,61034],{"href":54127},[15,61035,54487],{}," to add items later",[33,61038,1806,61039,61041],{},[614,61040,59613],{"href":51200}," for a broader introduction",[33,61043,1806,61044,61048],{},[614,61045,61046,60276],{"href":60273},[15,61047,25011],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[43,61050,2011],{"id":2010},[943,61052,61054],{"id":61053},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,61056,61057],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[48,61059,61060],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,61061,61062],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61063,61064],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61065,38526],{"class":71},[943,61067,61069],{"id":61068},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61071,61072],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[48,61074,61075],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,61076,61077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61078,61079,61081,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61080,1785],{"class":71},[57,61082,3231],{"class":75},[57,61084,79],{"class":71},[57,61086,87],{"class":75},[57,61088,79],{"class":71},[57,61090,1793],{"class":75},[57,61092,95],{"class":71},[943,61094,2015,61096,61098],{"id":61095},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61097,25011],{}," do in Python?",[20,61100,61101,61102,61104],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61103,36430],{},", into a list.",[943,61106,61108],{"id":61107},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61110,61111],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[943,61113,2119,61115,1242,61117,2053],{"id":61114},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61116,4025],{},[15,61118,1475],{},[20,61120,61121,61123,61124,61126],{},[15,61122,4025],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61125,1475],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[43,61128,2135],{"id":2134},[30,61130,61131,61135,61141,61147,61153,61159,61163],{},[33,61132,61133],{},[614,61134,59613],{"href":51200},[33,61136,61137],{},[614,61138,55739,61139,11549],{"href":56988},[15,61140,52871],{},[33,61142,61143],{},[614,61144,55739,61145,11549],{"href":53563},[15,61146,53665],{},[33,61148,61149],{},[614,61150,55739,61151,11549],{"href":54127},[15,61152,54487],{},[33,61154,61155],{},[614,61156,13,61157,18],{"href":60273},[15,61158,25011],{},[33,61160,61161],{},[614,61162,59616],{"href":58713},[33,61164,61165],{},[614,61166,61167],{"href":12294},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61169,61170,61171,61173],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61172,52871],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2172,61175,61176],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":61178},[61179,61180,61181,61182,61185,61186,61192,61193,61203,61204,61213],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":15392,"depth":98,"text":15393},{"id":59508,"depth":98,"text":59509},{"id":59619,"depth":98,"text":59620,"children":61183},[61184],{"id":59821,"depth":120,"text":59822},{"id":59837,"depth":98,"text":59838},{"id":60034,"depth":98,"text":61187,"children":61188},"Create a list with list()",[61189,61190,61191],{"id":60059,"depth":120,"text":60060},{"id":60132,"depth":120,"text":60133},{"id":60197,"depth":120,"text":60198},{"id":60279,"depth":98,"text":60280},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":61194},[61195,61196,61198,61200,61201,61202],{"id":60416,"depth":120,"text":60417},{"id":60475,"depth":120,"text":61197},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60595,"depth":120,"text":61199},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60816,"depth":120,"text":60817},{"id":60901,"depth":120,"text":60902},{"id":60927,"depth":120,"text":60928},{"id":61012,"depth":98,"text":61013},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":61205},[61206,61207,61208,61210,61211],{"id":61053,"depth":120,"text":61054},{"id":61068,"depth":120,"text":61069},{"id":61095,"depth":120,"text":61209},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61107,"depth":120,"text":61108},{"id":61114,"depth":120,"text":61212},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59250,"description":61214},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61221,"title":61222,"body":61223,"description":62964,"extension":2219,"meta":62965,"navigation":123,"path":62966,"seo":62967,"stem":62968,"__hash__":62969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61224,"toc":62919},[61225,61230,61235,61238,61240,61311,61316,61321,61325,61339,61344,61346,61366,61371,61374,61397,61401,61406,61498,61500,61522,61528,61534,61541,61548,61554,61611,61617,61675,61677,61689,61697,61703,61708,61712,61769,61772,61776,61835,61838,61842,61900,61912,61916,61969,61972,61976,61982,61988,62050,62053,62114,62117,62173,62178,62180,62184,62191,62252,62257,62266,62322,62329,62333,62391,62400,62458,62462,62497,62501,62511,62514,62569,62583,62586,62701,62706,62710,62721,62723,62802,62812,62814,62819,62824,62831,62839,62845,62848,62854,62857,62863,62869,62871,62907,62916],[10,61226,54561,61228,11549],{"id":61227},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61229,53665],{},[20,61231,61232,61234],{},[15,61233,53566],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61236,61237],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[43,61239,46],{"id":45},[48,61241,61243],{"className":50,"code":61242,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61244,61245,61261,61278,61282,61297,61307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61246,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257,61259],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61248,64],{"class":63},[57,61250,68],{"class":67},[57,61252,72],{"class":71},[57,61254,3231],{"class":75},[57,61256,79],{"class":71},[57,61258,87],{"class":75},[57,61260,95],{"class":71},[57,61262,61263,61266,61268,61270,61272,61274,61276],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61264,61265],{"class":63},"more_numbers ",[57,61267,68],{"class":67},[57,61269,72],{"class":71},[57,61271,76],{"class":75},[57,61273,79],{"class":71},[57,61275,2706],{"class":75},[57,61277,95],{"class":71},[57,61279,61280],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61281,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61283,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292,61295],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61285,114],{"class":63},[57,61287,620],{"class":71},[57,61289,53695],{"class":113},[57,61291,105],{"class":71},[57,61293,61294],{"class":113},"more_numbers",[57,61296,316],{"class":71},[57,61298,61299,61301,61303,61305],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,61300,102],{"class":101},[57,61302,105],{"class":71},[57,61304,114],{"class":113},[57,61306,316],{"class":71},[57,61308,61309],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,61310,52942],{"class":3903},[20,61312,1806,61313,61315],{},[15,61314,53665],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[43,61317,262,61319,265],{"id":61318},"what-listextend-does",[15,61320,53566],{},[20,61322,61323,270],{},[15,61324,53665],{},[30,61326,61327,61330,61332,61335],{},[33,61328,61329],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[33,61331,54647],{},[33,61333,61334],{},"Does not create a new list",[33,61336,11651,61337],{},[15,61338,1524],{},[20,61340,61341,61342,54020],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61343,53665],{},[43,61345,294],{"id":293},[48,61347,61349],{"className":50,"code":61348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61350,61351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61352,61353,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61354,61355],{"class":63},"list_name",[57,61357,620],{"class":71},[57,61359,53695],{"class":113},[57,61361,105],{"class":71},[57,61363,313],{"class":113},[57,61365,316],{"class":71},[20,61367,5683,61368,61370],{},[1399,61369,313],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61372,61373],{},"Common iterables include:",[30,61375,61376,61380,61384,61388,61393],{},[33,61377,61378],{},[15,61379,8321],{},[33,61381,61382],{},[15,61383,49174],{},[33,61385,61386],{},[15,61387,6517],{},[33,61389,61390],{},[15,61391,61392],{},"string",[33,61394,61395],{},[15,61396,60216],{},[43,61398,61400],{"id":61399},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61402,61403,61404,270],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61405,53665],{},[48,61407,61409],{"className":50,"code":61408,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61410,61411,61435,61460,61464,61479,61483,61493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61412,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431,61433],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61414,36471],{"class":63},[57,61416,68],{"class":67},[57,61418,72],{"class":71},[57,61420,170],{"class":169},[57,61422,174],{"class":173},[57,61424,170],{"class":169},[57,61426,79],{"class":71},[57,61428,181],{"class":169},[57,61430,184],{"class":173},[57,61432,170],{"class":169},[57,61434,95],{"class":71},[57,61436,61437,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450,61452,61454,61456,61458],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61438,61439],{"class":63},"more_fruits ",[57,61441,68],{"class":67},[57,61443,72],{"class":71},[57,61445,170],{"class":169},[57,61447,33451],{"class":173},[57,61449,170],{"class":169},[57,61451,79],{"class":71},[57,61453,181],{"class":169},[57,61455,22763],{"class":173},[57,61457,170],{"class":169},[57,61459,95],{"class":71},[57,61461,61462],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61463,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61465,61466,61468,61470,61472,61474,61477],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61467,36523],{"class":63},[57,61469,620],{"class":71},[57,61471,53695],{"class":113},[57,61473,105],{"class":71},[57,61475,61476],{"class":113},"more_fruits",[57,61478,316],{"class":71},[57,61480,61481],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,61482,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61484,61485,61487,61489,61491],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,61486,102],{"class":101},[57,61488,105],{"class":71},[57,61490,36523],{"class":113},[57,61492,316],{"class":71},[57,61494,61495],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,61496,61497],{"class":3903},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61499,11912],{},[30,61501,61502,61507,61512],{},[33,61503,61504,61506],{},[15,61505,36523],{}," starts with two items",[33,61508,61509,61511],{},[15,61510,61476],{}," has two more items",[33,61513,61514,61516,61517,61519,61520],{},[15,61515,53665],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61518,61476],{}," to ",[15,61521,36523],{},[20,61523,61524,61525,61527],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61526,36523],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61529,54786,61530,1242,61532,620],{},[614,61531,52990],{"href":51200},[614,61533,57374],{"href":57373},[43,61535,61537,1682,61539],{"id":61536},"extend-vs-append",[15,61538,53665],{},[15,61540,52871],{},[20,61542,61543,1242,61545,61547],{},[15,61544,53665],{},[15,61546,52871],{}," are often confused.",[943,61549,61551,61553],{"id":61550},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61552,53665],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[48,61555,61557],{"className":50,"code":61556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61558,61559,61575,61593,61597,61607],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61560,61561,61563,61565,61567,61569,61571,61573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61562,64],{"class":63},[57,61564,68],{"class":67},[57,61566,72],{"class":71},[57,61568,3231],{"class":75},[57,61570,79],{"class":71},[57,61572,87],{"class":75},[57,61574,95],{"class":71},[57,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589,61591],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61578,114],{"class":63},[57,61580,620],{"class":71},[57,61582,53695],{"class":113},[57,61584,1949],{"class":71},[57,61586,76],{"class":75},[57,61588,79],{"class":71},[57,61590,2706],{"class":75},[57,61592,1975],{"class":71},[57,61594,61595],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61596,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61598,61599,61601,61603,61605],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61600,102],{"class":101},[57,61602,105],{"class":71},[57,61604,114],{"class":113},[57,61606,316],{"class":71},[57,61608,61609],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,61610,52942],{"class":3903},[943,61612,61614,61616],{"id":61613},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61615,52871],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[48,61618,61620],{"className":50,"code":61619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61621,61622,61638,61656,61660,61670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61623,61624,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61625,64],{"class":63},[57,61627,68],{"class":67},[57,61629,72],{"class":71},[57,61631,3231],{"class":75},[57,61633,79],{"class":71},[57,61635,87],{"class":75},[57,61637,95],{"class":71},[57,61639,61640,61642,61644,61646,61648,61650,61652,61654],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61641,114],{"class":63},[57,61643,620],{"class":71},[57,61645,13783],{"class":113},[57,61647,1949],{"class":71},[57,61649,76],{"class":75},[57,61651,79],{"class":71},[57,61653,2706],{"class":75},[57,61655,1975],{"class":71},[57,61657,61658],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61659,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61661,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61663,102],{"class":101},[57,61665,105],{"class":71},[57,61667,114],{"class":113},[57,61669,316],{"class":71},[57,61671,61672],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,61673,61674],{"class":3903},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61676,18926],{},[30,61678,61679,61684],{},[33,61680,61681,61683],{},[15,61682,53665],{}," to combine values",[33,61685,61686,61688],{},[15,61687,52871],{}," to add one item",[20,61690,42320,61691,1242,61695,620],{},[614,61692,55739,61693,10968],{"href":56988},[15,61694,52871],{},[614,61696,53268],{"href":53267},[43,61698,443,61700,61702],{"id":61699},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61701,53665],{}," with different iterables",[20,61704,61705,61707],{},[15,61706,53665],{}," works with more than just lists.",[943,61709,61711],{"id":61710},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[48,61713,61715],{"className":50,"code":61714,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61716,61717,61733,61751,61755,61765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61718,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61720,4061],{"class":63},[57,61722,68],{"class":67},[57,61724,72],{"class":71},[57,61726,3231],{"class":75},[57,61728,79],{"class":71},[57,61730,87],{"class":75},[57,61732,95],{"class":71},[57,61734,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61736,5589],{"class":63},[57,61738,620],{"class":71},[57,61740,53695],{"class":113},[57,61742,5742],{"class":71},[57,61744,76],{"class":75},[57,61746,79],{"class":71},[57,61748,2706],{"class":75},[57,61750,117],{"class":71},[57,61752,61753],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61754,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61756,61757,61759,61761,61763],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61758,102],{"class":101},[57,61760,105],{"class":71},[57,61762,5589],{"class":113},[57,61764,316],{"class":71},[57,61766,61767],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,61768,52942],{"class":3903},[20,61770,61771],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[943,61773,61775],{"id":61774},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[48,61777,61779],{"className":50,"code":61778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61780,61781,61797,61816,61820,61830],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61782,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61784,36322],{"class":63},[57,61786,68],{"class":67},[57,61788,72],{"class":71},[57,61790,170],{"class":169},[57,61792,614],{"class":173},[57,61794,170],{"class":169},[57,61796,95],{"class":71},[57,61798,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61812,61814],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61800,36375],{"class":63},[57,61802,620],{"class":71},[57,61804,53695],{"class":113},[57,61806,105],{"class":71},[57,61808,170],{"class":169},[57,61810,61811],{"class":173},"bc",[57,61813,170],{"class":169},[57,61815,316],{"class":71},[57,61817,61818],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61819,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61821,61822,61824,61826,61828],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61823,102],{"class":101},[57,61825,105],{"class":71},[57,61827,36375],{"class":113},[57,61829,316],{"class":71},[57,61831,61832],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,61833,61834],{"class":3903},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61836,61837],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[943,61839,61841],{"id":61840},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[48,61843,61845],{"className":50,"code":61844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61846,61847,61859,61881,61885,61895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61848,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61850,64],{"class":63},[57,61852,68],{"class":67},[57,61854,72],{"class":71},[57,61856,1294],{"class":75},[57,61858,95],{"class":71},[57,61860,61861,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61862,114],{"class":63},[57,61864,620],{"class":71},[57,61866,53695],{"class":113},[57,61868,105],{"class":71},[57,61870,60216],{"class":101},[57,61872,105],{"class":71},[57,61874,3231],{"class":75},[57,61876,79],{"class":71},[57,61878,2706],{"class":75},[57,61880,117],{"class":71},[57,61882,61883],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61884,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61886,61887,61889,61891,61893],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61888,102],{"class":101},[57,61890,105],{"class":71},[57,61892,114],{"class":113},[57,61894,316],{"class":71},[57,61896,61897],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,61898,61899],{"class":3903},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61901,61902,61905,61906,2441,61908,17302,61910,620],{},[15,61903,61904],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61907,3231],{},[15,61909,1788],{},[15,61911,76],{},[943,61913,61915],{"id":61914},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[48,61917,61919],{"className":50,"code":61918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61920,61921,61937,61955,61959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61922,61923,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61924,1147],{"class":63},[57,61926,68],{"class":67},[57,61928,72],{"class":71},[57,61930,3231],{"class":75},[57,61932,79],{"class":71},[57,61934,87],{"class":75},[57,61936,95],{"class":71},[57,61938,61939,61941,61943,61945,61947,61949,61951,61953],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,61940,1199],{"class":63},[57,61942,620],{"class":71},[57,61944,53695],{"class":113},[57,61946,5761],{"class":71},[57,61948,76],{"class":75},[57,61950,79],{"class":71},[57,61952,2706],{"class":75},[57,61954,30726],{"class":71},[57,61956,61957],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,61958,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,61960,61961,61963,61965,61967],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,61962,102],{"class":101},[57,61964,105],{"class":71},[57,61966,1199],{"class":113},[57,61968,316],{"class":71},[20,61970,61971],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[43,61973,61975],{"id":61974},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61977,61978,2646,61980,620],{},[15,61979,53665],{},[15,61981,1524],{},[20,61983,61984,61985,270],{},"That means this is ",[1399,61986,61987],{},"wrong",[48,61989,61991],{"className":50,"code":61990,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61992,61993,62009,62031,62035,62045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,61994,61995,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,61996,64],{"class":63},[57,61998,68],{"class":67},[57,62000,72],{"class":71},[57,62002,3231],{"class":75},[57,62004,79],{"class":71},[57,62006,87],{"class":75},[57,62008,95],{"class":71},[57,62010,62011,62013,62015,62017,62019,62021,62023,62025,62027,62029],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62012,1336],{"class":63},[57,62014,68],{"class":67},[57,62016,4495],{"class":63},[57,62018,620],{"class":71},[57,62020,53695],{"class":113},[57,62022,1949],{"class":71},[57,62024,76],{"class":75},[57,62026,79],{"class":71},[57,62028,2706],{"class":75},[57,62030,1975],{"class":71},[57,62032,62033],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62034,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62036,62037,62039,62041,62043],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62038,102],{"class":101},[57,62040,105],{"class":71},[57,62042,1368],{"class":113},[57,62044,316],{"class":71},[57,62046,62047],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62048,62049],{"class":3903},"# None\n",[20,62051,62052],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[48,62054,62056],{"className":50,"code":62055,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62057,62058,62074,62096,62100,62110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62059,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62061,64],{"class":63},[57,62063,68],{"class":67},[57,62065,72],{"class":71},[57,62067,3231],{"class":75},[57,62069,79],{"class":71},[57,62071,87],{"class":75},[57,62073,95],{"class":71},[57,62075,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090,62092,62094],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62077,64],{"class":63},[57,62079,68],{"class":67},[57,62081,4495],{"class":63},[57,62083,620],{"class":71},[57,62085,53695],{"class":113},[57,62087,1949],{"class":71},[57,62089,76],{"class":75},[57,62091,79],{"class":71},[57,62093,2706],{"class":75},[57,62095,1975],{"class":71},[57,62097,62098],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62099,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62103,102],{"class":101},[57,62105,105],{"class":71},[57,62107,114],{"class":113},[57,62109,316],{"class":71},[57,62111,62112],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62113,62049],{"class":3903},[20,62115,62116],{},"The correct way is:",[48,62118,62119],{"className":50,"code":61556,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62120,62121,62137,62155,62159,62169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62122,62123,62125,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62124,64],{"class":63},[57,62126,68],{"class":67},[57,62128,72],{"class":71},[57,62130,3231],{"class":75},[57,62132,79],{"class":71},[57,62134,87],{"class":75},[57,62136,95],{"class":71},[57,62138,62139,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62140,114],{"class":63},[57,62142,620],{"class":71},[57,62144,53695],{"class":113},[57,62146,1949],{"class":71},[57,62148,76],{"class":75},[57,62150,79],{"class":71},[57,62152,2706],{"class":75},[57,62154,1975],{"class":71},[57,62156,62157],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62158,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62160,62161,62163,62165,62167],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62162,102],{"class":101},[57,62164,105],{"class":71},[57,62166,114],{"class":113},[57,62168,316],{"class":71},[57,62170,62171],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62172,52942],{"class":3903},[20,62174,56128,62175,62177],{},[15,62176,53665],{}," first, then use the original list.",[43,62179,4751],{"id":4750},[20,62181,14964,62182,620],{},[15,62183,53665],{},[943,62185,62187,62188,62190],{"id":62186},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62189,53665],{}," to return a new list",[48,62192,62194],{"className":50,"code":62193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62195,62196,62212,62234,62238,62248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62197,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62199,64],{"class":63},[57,62201,68],{"class":67},[57,62203,72],{"class":71},[57,62205,3231],{"class":75},[57,62207,79],{"class":71},[57,62209,87],{"class":75},[57,62211,95],{"class":71},[57,62213,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228,62230,62232],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62215,55861],{"class":63},[57,62217,68],{"class":67},[57,62219,4495],{"class":63},[57,62221,620],{"class":71},[57,62223,53695],{"class":113},[57,62225,1949],{"class":71},[57,62227,76],{"class":75},[57,62229,79],{"class":71},[57,62231,2706],{"class":75},[57,62233,1975],{"class":71},[57,62235,62236],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62237,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62239,62240,62242,62244,62246],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62241,102],{"class":101},[57,62243,105],{"class":71},[57,62245,55880],{"class":113},[57,62247,316],{"class":71},[57,62249,62250],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62251,62049],{"class":3903},[20,62253,62254,62255,620],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62256,53665],{},[943,62258,62260,62261,44855,62263,62265],{"id":62259},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62262,52871],{},[15,62264,53665],{}," is needed",[48,62267,62268],{"className":50,"code":61619,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,62269,62270,62286,62304,62308,62318],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62271,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62273,64],{"class":63},[57,62275,68],{"class":67},[57,62277,72],{"class":71},[57,62279,3231],{"class":75},[57,62281,79],{"class":71},[57,62283,87],{"class":75},[57,62285,95],{"class":71},[57,62287,62288,62290,62292,62294,62296,62298,62300,62302],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62289,114],{"class":63},[57,62291,620],{"class":71},[57,62293,13783],{"class":113},[57,62295,1949],{"class":71},[57,62297,76],{"class":75},[57,62299,79],{"class":71},[57,62301,2706],{"class":75},[57,62303,1975],{"class":71},[57,62305,62306],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62307,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62309,62310,62312,62314,62316],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62311,102],{"class":101},[57,62313,105],{"class":71},[57,62315,114],{"class":113},[57,62317,316],{"class":71},[57,62319,62320],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62321,61674],{"class":3903},[20,62323,62324,62325,54110,62327,6861],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62326,54109],{},[15,62328,53665],{},[943,62330,62332],{"id":62331},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[48,62334,62336],{"className":50,"code":62335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62337,62338,62354,62372,62376,62386],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62339,62340,62342,62344,62346,62348,62350,62352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62341,162],{"class":63},[57,62343,68],{"class":67},[57,62345,72],{"class":71},[57,62347,170],{"class":169},[57,62349,4084],{"class":173},[57,62351,170],{"class":169},[57,62353,95],{"class":71},[57,62355,62356,62358,62360,62362,62364,62366,62368,62370],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62357,211],{"class":63},[57,62359,620],{"class":71},[57,62361,53695],{"class":113},[57,62363,105],{"class":71},[57,62365,170],{"class":169},[57,62367,60809],{"class":173},[57,62369,170],{"class":169},[57,62371,316],{"class":71},[57,62373,62374],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62375,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62377,62378,62380,62382,62384],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62379,102],{"class":101},[57,62381,105],{"class":71},[57,62383,211],{"class":113},[57,62385,316],{"class":71},[57,62387,62388],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62389,62390],{"class":3903},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62392,62393,62394,62397,62398,270],{},"If you want ",[15,62395,62396],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62399,52871],{},[48,62401,62403],{"className":50,"code":62402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62404,62405,62421,62439,62443,62453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62406,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62408,162],{"class":63},[57,62410,68],{"class":67},[57,62412,72],{"class":71},[57,62414,170],{"class":169},[57,62416,4084],{"class":173},[57,62418,170],{"class":169},[57,62420,95],{"class":71},[57,62422,62423,62425,62427,62429,62431,62433,62435,62437],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62424,211],{"class":63},[57,62426,620],{"class":71},[57,62428,13783],{"class":113},[57,62430,105],{"class":71},[57,62432,170],{"class":169},[57,62434,60809],{"class":173},[57,62436,170],{"class":169},[57,62438,316],{"class":71},[57,62440,62441],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62442,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62444,62445,62447,62449,62451],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62446,102],{"class":101},[57,62448,105],{"class":71},[57,62450,211],{"class":113},[57,62452,316],{"class":71},[57,62454,62455],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62456,62457],{"class":3903},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[943,62459,62461],{"id":62460},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[48,62463,62465],{"className":50,"code":62464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62466,62467,62483],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62468,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62470,64],{"class":63},[57,62472,68],{"class":67},[57,62474,72],{"class":71},[57,62476,3231],{"class":75},[57,62478,79],{"class":71},[57,62480,87],{"class":75},[57,62482,95],{"class":71},[57,62484,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62486,114],{"class":63},[57,62488,620],{"class":71},[57,62490,53695],{"class":113},[57,62492,105],{"class":71},[57,62494,2389],{"class":75},[57,62496,316],{"class":71},[20,62498,39882,62499,6781],{},[15,62500,2389],{},[20,62502,62503,62504,62506,62507,62510],{},"You will get a ",[15,62505,1539],{},". See ",[614,62508,62509],{"href":52818},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62512,62513],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[48,62515,62517],{"className":50,"code":62516,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62518,62519,62529,62543,62555],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62520,62521,62523,62525,62527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62522,102],{"class":101},[57,62524,105],{"class":71},[57,62526,8567],{"class":113},[57,62528,316],{"class":71},[57,62530,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539,62541],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62532,102],{"class":101},[57,62534,105],{"class":71},[57,62536,1886],{"class":1102},[57,62538,105],{"class":71},[57,62540,5589],{"class":113},[57,62542,117],{"class":71},[57,62544,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62546,102],{"class":101},[57,62548,105],{"class":71},[57,62550,1368],{"class":113},[57,62552,1959],{"class":71},[57,62554,316],{"class":63},[57,62556,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62558,32382],{"class":101},[57,62560,105],{"class":71},[57,62562,8321],{"class":1102},[57,62564,620],{"class":71},[57,62566,53695],{"class":1108},[57,62568,316],{"class":71},[43805,62570,62571],{},[20,62572,62573,62574,62577,62578,62580,62581,620],{},"Note: ",[15,62575,62576],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62579,1959],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62582,33257],{},[20,62584,62585],{},"Correct debugging example:",[48,62587,62589],{"className":50,"code":62588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62590,62591,62607,62623,62627,62641,62645,62653,62663,62677,62687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62592,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62594,8536],{"class":63},[57,62596,68],{"class":67},[57,62598,72],{"class":71},[57,62600,3231],{"class":75},[57,62602,79],{"class":71},[57,62604,87],{"class":75},[57,62606,95],{"class":71},[57,62608,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617,62619,62621],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62610,4061],{"class":63},[57,62612,68],{"class":67},[57,62614,72],{"class":71},[57,62616,76],{"class":75},[57,62618,79],{"class":71},[57,62620,2706],{"class":75},[57,62622,95],{"class":71},[57,62624,62625],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62626,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62628,62629,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62630,8567],{"class":63},[57,62632,620],{"class":71},[57,62634,53695],{"class":113},[57,62636,105],{"class":71},[57,62638,5589],{"class":113},[57,62640,316],{"class":71},[57,62642,62643],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62644,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62646,62647,62649,62651],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,62648,1336],{"class":63},[57,62650,68],{"class":67},[57,62652,48748],{"class":1523},[57,62654,62655,62657,62659,62661],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,62656,102],{"class":101},[57,62658,105],{"class":71},[57,62660,8567],{"class":113},[57,62662,316],{"class":71},[57,62664,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,62666,102],{"class":101},[57,62668,105],{"class":71},[57,62670,1886],{"class":1102},[57,62672,105],{"class":71},[57,62674,5589],{"class":113},[57,62676,117],{"class":71},[57,62678,62679,62681,62683,62685],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,62680,102],{"class":101},[57,62682,105],{"class":71},[57,62684,1368],{"class":113},[57,62686,316],{"class":71},[57,62688,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699],{"class":59,"line":6666},[57,62690,32382],{"class":101},[57,62692,105],{"class":71},[57,62694,8321],{"class":1102},[57,62696,620],{"class":71},[57,62698,53695],{"class":1108},[57,62700,316],{"class":71},[43,62702,5194,62704],{"id":62703},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62705,53665],{},[20,62707,1806,62708,6548],{},[15,62709,53665],{},[30,62711,62712,62715,62718],{},[33,62713,62714],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[33,62716,62717],{},"Add multiple values at once",[33,62719,62720],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62722,5703],{},[48,62724,62726],{"className":50,"code":62725,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62727,62728,62745,62763,62767,62783,62787,62797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,62729,62730,62733,62735,62737,62739,62741,62743],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,62731,62732],{"class":63},"all_scores ",[57,62734,68],{"class":67},[57,62736,72],{"class":71},[57,62738,13733],{"class":75},[57,62740,79],{"class":71},[57,62742,476],{"class":75},[57,62744,95],{"class":71},[57,62746,62747,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62761],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,62748,62749],{"class":63},"new_scores ",[57,62751,68],{"class":67},[57,62753,72],{"class":71},[57,62755,51726],{"class":75},[57,62757,79],{"class":71},[57,62759,62760],{"class":75}," 92",[57,62762,95],{"class":71},[57,62764,62765],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,62766,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62768,62769,62772,62774,62776,62778,62781],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,62770,62771],{"class":63},"all_scores",[57,62773,620],{"class":71},[57,62775,53695],{"class":113},[57,62777,105],{"class":71},[57,62779,62780],{"class":113},"new_scores",[57,62782,316],{"class":71},[57,62784,62785],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,62786,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,62788,62789,62791,62793,62795],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,62790,102],{"class":101},[57,62792,105],{"class":71},[57,62794,62771],{"class":113},[57,62796,316],{"class":71},[57,62798,62799],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,62800,62801],{"class":3903},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62803,62804,62805,62807,62808,620],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62806,52871],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[614,62809,55739,62810,10968],{"href":54127},[15,62811,54487],{},[43,62813,2011],{"id":2010},[943,62815,12933,62817,55688],{"id":62816},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62818,53566],{},[20,62820,62821,62822,620],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62823,1524],{},[943,62825,2119,62827,1242,62829,2053],{"id":62826},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62828,53665],{},[15,62830,52871],{},[20,62832,62833,62835,62836,62838],{},[15,62834,53665],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62837,52871],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[943,62840,28559,62842,62844],{"id":62841},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62843,53665],{}," with a string?",[20,62846,62847],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[943,62849,28559,62851,62853],{"id":62850},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62852,53665],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62855,62856],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[943,62858,62860,62861,2053],{"id":62859},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62862,53665],{},[20,62864,62865,62866,62868],{},"You get a ",[15,62867,1539],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[43,62870,2135],{"id":2134},[30,62872,62873,62879,62883,62887,62891,62897,62901],{},[33,62874,62875],{},[614,62876,55739,62877,10968],{"href":56988},[15,62878,52871],{},[33,62880,62881],{},[614,62882,54497],{"href":53267},[33,62884,62885],{},[614,62886,57448],{"href":57373},[33,62888,62889],{},[614,62890,52990],{"href":51200},[33,62892,62893],{},[614,62894,55739,62895,10968],{"href":54127},[15,62896,54487],{},[33,62898,62899],{},[614,62900,62509],{"href":52818},[33,62902,62903],{},[614,62904,55739,62905,10968],{"href":55179},[15,62906,13006],{},[20,62908,62909,62910,62912,62913,62915],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62911,52871],{},", when to use ",[15,62914,54487],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2172,62917,62918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":62920},[62921,62922,62924,62925,62926,62933,62940,62941,62949,62951,62963],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":61318,"depth":98,"text":62923},"What list.extend() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":61399,"depth":98,"text":61400},{"id":61536,"depth":98,"text":62927,"children":62928},"extend() vs append()",[62929,62931],{"id":61550,"depth":120,"text":62930},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61613,"depth":120,"text":62932},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61699,"depth":98,"text":62934,"children":62935},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62936,62937,62938,62939],{"id":61710,"depth":120,"text":61711},{"id":61774,"depth":120,"text":61775},{"id":61840,"depth":120,"text":61841},{"id":61914,"depth":120,"text":61915},{"id":61974,"depth":98,"text":61975},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":62942},[62943,62945,62947,62948],{"id":62186,"depth":120,"text":62944},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62259,"depth":120,"text":62946},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62331,"depth":120,"text":62332},{"id":62460,"depth":120,"text":62461},{"id":62703,"depth":98,"text":62950},"When to use extend()",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":62952},[62953,62955,62957,62959,62961],{"id":62816,"depth":120,"text":62954},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62826,"depth":120,"text":62956},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62841,"depth":120,"text":62958},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62850,"depth":120,"text":62960},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62859,"depth":120,"text":62962},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61222,"description":62964},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62971,"title":62972,"body":62973,"description":65064,"extension":2219,"meta":65065,"navigation":123,"path":65066,"seo":65067,"stem":65068,"__hash__":65069},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62974,"toc":65027},[62975,62978,62983,62989,63000,63006,63008,63077,63079,63128,63136,63140,63145,63148,63159,63164,63166,63168,63189,63202,63205,63218,63220,63225,63250,63252,63260,63263,63332,63334,63358,63364,63368,63372,63408,63410,63430,63437,63441,63474,63476,63510,63515,63519,63552,63554,63582,63590,63594,63631,63633,63654,63657,63661,63730,63732,63756,63762,63769,63773,63776,63778,63792,63795,63819,63821,63846,63849,63868,63870,63896,63905,63909,63916,63993,63995,64036,64042,64048,64139,64141,64197,64200,64205,64209,64214,64218,64277,64279,64304,64308,64371,64373,64398,64402,64465,64467,64510,64513,64517,64521,64543,64547,64629,64631,64666,64674,64676,64680,64684,64686,64713,64718,64720,64747,64754,64757,64780,64782,64831,64834,64837,64856,64860,64863,64914,64917,64923,64927,64932,64935,64937,64943,64952,64956,64962,64966,64969,64973,64976,64980,64986,64988,65024],[10,62976,62972],{"id":62977},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62979,22,62980,62982],{},[15,62981,25011],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62984,62985,62986,62988],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62987,25011],{}," for two main reasons:",[30,62990,62991,62994],{},[33,62992,62993],{},"to make an empty list",[33,62995,62996,62997,62999],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62998,60216],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,63001,63002,63003,63005],{},"This page explains how ",[15,63004,25011],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[43,63007,46],{"id":45},[48,63009,63011],{"className":50,"code":63010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63012,63013,63035,63053,63057,63067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63014,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029,63031,63033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63016,64],{"class":63},[57,63018,68],{"class":67},[57,63020,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63022,5742],{"class":71},[57,63024,3231],{"class":75},[57,63026,79],{"class":71},[57,63028,87],{"class":75},[57,63030,79],{"class":71},[57,63032,1793],{"class":75},[57,63034,117],{"class":71},[57,63036,63037,63039,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63038,36322],{"class":63},[57,63040,68],{"class":67},[57,63042,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63044,105],{"class":71},[57,63046,170],{"class":169},[57,63048,41787],{"class":173},[57,63050,170],{"class":169},[57,63052,316],{"class":71},[57,63054,63055],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,63056,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,63058,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,63060,102],{"class":101},[57,63062,105],{"class":71},[57,63064,114],{"class":113},[57,63066,316],{"class":71},[57,63068,63069,63071,63073,63075],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,63070,102],{"class":101},[57,63072,105],{"class":71},[57,63074,36375],{"class":113},[57,63076,316],{"class":71},[20,63078,216],{},[48,63080,63082],{"className":50,"code":63081,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63083,63084,63100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63085,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63087,1785],{"class":71},[57,63089,3231],{"class":75},[57,63091,79],{"class":71},[57,63093,87],{"class":75},[57,63095,79],{"class":71},[57,63097,1793],{"class":75},[57,63099,95],{"class":71},[57,63101,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110,63112,63114,63116,63118,63120,63122,63124,63126],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63103,1785],{"class":71},[57,63105,3543],{"class":169},[57,63107,614],{"class":173},[57,63109,3543],{"class":169},[57,63111,79],{"class":71},[57,63113,3538],{"class":169},[57,63115,4993],{"class":173},[57,63117,3543],{"class":169},[57,63119,79],{"class":71},[57,63121,3538],{"class":169},[57,63123,9966],{"class":173},[57,63125,3543],{"class":169},[57,63127,95],{"class":71},[20,63129,1806,63130,63132,63133,63135],{},[15,63131,25011],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63134,60216],{},", set, or dictionary.",[43,63137,63139],{"id":63138},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63141,63142,63144],{},[15,63143,25011],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63146,63147],{},"It can:",[30,63149,63150,63153,63156],{},[33,63151,63152],{},"create a new list object",[33,63154,63155],{},"make an empty list",[33,63157,63158],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63160,63161,63162,620],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[614,63163,52990],{"href":51200},[43,63165,294],{"id":293},[20,63167,26718],{},[48,63169,63171],{"className":50,"code":63170,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63172,63173,63179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63174,63175,63177],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63176,8321],{"class":1102},[57,63178,8870],{"class":71},[57,63180,63181,63183,63185,63187],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63182,8321],{"class":1102},[57,63184,105],{"class":71},[57,63186,313],{"class":113},[57,63188,316],{"class":71},[30,63190,63191,63196],{},[33,63192,63193,63195],{},[15,63194,25011],{}," makes an empty list",[33,63197,63198,63201],{},[15,63199,63200],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63203,63204],{},"Common iterable values include:",[30,63206,63207,63209,63211,63213,63216],{},[33,63208,5539],{},[33,63210,5533],{},[33,63212,5536],{},[33,63214,63215],{},"ranges",[33,63217,7481],{},[43,63219,59838],{"id":59837},[20,63221,1806,63222,63224],{},[15,63223,25011],{}," with no arguments:",[48,63226,63228],{"className":50,"code":63227,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63229,63230,63240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63231,63232,63234,63236,63238],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63233,1147],{"class":63},[57,63235,68],{"class":67},[57,63237,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63239,8870],{"class":71},[57,63241,63242,63244,63246,63248],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63243,102],{"class":101},[57,63245,105],{"class":71},[57,63247,1199],{"class":113},[57,63249,316],{"class":71},[20,63251,216],{},[48,63253,63254],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63255,63256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63257,63258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63259,38526],{"class":71},[20,63261,63262],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[48,63264,63266],{"className":50,"code":63265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63267,63268,63278,63282,63300,63318,63322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63269,63270,63272,63274,63276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63271,1147],{"class":63},[57,63273,68],{"class":67},[57,63275,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63277,8870],{"class":71},[57,63279,63280],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63281,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,63283,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,63285,1199],{"class":63},[57,63287,620],{"class":71},[57,63289,13783],{"class":113},[57,63291,105],{"class":71},[57,63293,170],{"class":169},[57,63295,174],{"class":173},[57,63297,170],{"class":169},[57,63299,316],{"class":71},[57,63301,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,63303,1199],{"class":63},[57,63305,620],{"class":71},[57,63307,13783],{"class":113},[57,63309,105],{"class":71},[57,63311,170],{"class":169},[57,63313,184],{"class":173},[57,63315,170],{"class":169},[57,63317,316],{"class":71},[57,63319,63320],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,63321,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,63323,63324,63326,63328,63330],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,63325,102],{"class":101},[57,63327,105],{"class":71},[57,63329,1199],{"class":113},[57,63331,316],{"class":71},[20,63333,216],{},[48,63335,63336],{"className":50,"code":38651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63337,63338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63339,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63341,1785],{"class":71},[57,63343,3543],{"class":169},[57,63345,174],{"class":173},[57,63347,3543],{"class":169},[57,63349,79],{"class":71},[57,63351,3538],{"class":169},[57,63353,184],{"class":173},[57,63355,3543],{"class":169},[57,63357,95],{"class":71},[20,63359,63360,63361,63363],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63362,4025],{},". Both are valid.",[43,63365,63367],{"id":63366},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[943,63369,63371],{"id":63370},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[48,63373,63374],{"className":50,"code":60136,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63375,63376,63398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63377,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63379,64],{"class":63},[57,63381,68],{"class":67},[57,63383,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63385,5742],{"class":71},[57,63387,3231],{"class":75},[57,63389,79],{"class":71},[57,63391,87],{"class":75},[57,63393,79],{"class":71},[57,63395,1793],{"class":75},[57,63397,117],{"class":71},[57,63399,63400,63402,63404,63406],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63401,102],{"class":101},[57,63403,105],{"class":71},[57,63405,114],{"class":113},[57,63407,316],{"class":71},[20,63409,216],{},[48,63411,63412],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63413,63414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63415,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426,63428],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63417,1785],{"class":71},[57,63419,3231],{"class":75},[57,63421,79],{"class":71},[57,63423,87],{"class":75},[57,63425,79],{"class":71},[57,63427,1793],{"class":75},[57,63429,95],{"class":71},[20,63431,63432,63433,620],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[614,63434,63436],{"href":63435},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[943,63438,63440],{"id":63439},"string-to-list","String to list",[48,63442,63444],{"className":50,"code":63443,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63445,63446,63464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63447,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63449,36322],{"class":63},[57,63451,68],{"class":67},[57,63453,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63455,105],{"class":71},[57,63457,170],{"class":169},[57,63459,964],{"class":173},[57,63461,170],{"class":169},[57,63463,316],{"class":71},[57,63465,63466,63468,63470,63472],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63467,102],{"class":101},[57,63469,105],{"class":71},[57,63471,36375],{"class":113},[57,63473,316],{"class":71},[20,63475,216],{},[48,63477,63479],{"className":50,"code":63478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63480,63481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63482,63483,63485,63487,63489,63491,63493,63495,63497,63499,63501,63503,63506,63508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63484,1785],{"class":71},[57,63486,3543],{"class":169},[57,63488,9966],{"class":173},[57,63490,3543],{"class":169},[57,63492,79],{"class":71},[57,63494,3538],{"class":169},[57,63496,614],{"class":173},[57,63498,3543],{"class":169},[57,63500,79],{"class":71},[57,63502,3538],{"class":169},[57,63504,63505],{"class":173},"t",[57,63507,3543],{"class":169},[57,63509,95],{"class":71},[20,63511,63512,63514],{},[15,63513,25011],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[943,63516,63518],{"id":63517},"range-to-list","Range to list",[48,63520,63522],{"className":50,"code":63521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63523,63524,63542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63525,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63527,64],{"class":63},[57,63529,68],{"class":67},[57,63531,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63533,105],{"class":71},[57,63535,60216],{"class":101},[57,63537,105],{"class":71},[57,63539,2389],{"class":75},[57,63541,117],{"class":71},[57,63543,63544,63546,63548,63550],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63545,102],{"class":101},[57,63547,105],{"class":71},[57,63549,114],{"class":113},[57,63551,316],{"class":71},[20,63553,216],{},[48,63555,63556],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63557,63558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63559,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63561,1785],{"class":71},[57,63563,1294],{"class":75},[57,63565,79],{"class":71},[57,63567,5729],{"class":75},[57,63569,79],{"class":71},[57,63571,87],{"class":75},[57,63573,79],{"class":71},[57,63575,1793],{"class":75},[57,63577,79],{"class":71},[57,63579,2706],{"class":75},[57,63581,95],{"class":71},[20,63583,63584,63585,63589],{},"This is common when working with ",[614,63586,63587],{"href":36427},[15,63588,36430],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[943,63591,63593],{"id":63592},"set-to-list","Set to list",[48,63595,63597],{"className":50,"code":63596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63598,63599,63621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63600,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613,63615,63617,63619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63602,4061],{"class":63},[57,63604,68],{"class":67},[57,63606,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63608,5761],{"class":71},[57,63610,1561],{"class":75},[57,63612,79],{"class":71},[57,63614,1617],{"class":75},[57,63616,79],{"class":71},[57,63618,1575],{"class":75},[57,63620,30726],{"class":71},[57,63622,63623,63625,63627,63629],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63624,102],{"class":101},[57,63626,105],{"class":71},[57,63628,5589],{"class":113},[57,63630,316],{"class":71},[20,63632,17188],{},[48,63634,63636],{"className":50,"code":63635,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63637,63638],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63639,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63641,1785],{"class":71},[57,63643,1561],{"class":75},[57,63645,79],{"class":71},[57,63647,1617],{"class":75},[57,63649,79],{"class":71},[57,63651,1575],{"class":75},[57,63653,95],{"class":71},[20,63655,63656],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[943,63658,63660],{"id":63659},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[48,63662,63664],{"className":50,"code":63663,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63665,63666,63702,63716,63720],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63667,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63669,13435],{"class":63},[57,63671,68],{"class":67},[57,63673,10718],{"class":71},[57,63675,170],{"class":169},[57,63677,7898],{"class":173},[57,63679,170],{"class":169},[57,63681,270],{"class":71},[57,63683,181],{"class":169},[57,63685,13110],{"class":173},[57,63687,170],{"class":169},[57,63689,79],{"class":71},[57,63691,181],{"class":169},[57,63693,9526],{"class":173},[57,63695,170],{"class":169},[57,63697,270],{"class":71},[57,63699,9533],{"class":75},[57,63701,9536],{"class":71},[57,63703,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63705,1336],{"class":63},[57,63707,68],{"class":67},[57,63709,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63711,105],{"class":71},[57,63713,17537],{"class":113},[57,63715,316],{"class":71},[57,63717,63718],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,63719,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,63721,63722,63724,63726,63728],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,63723,102],{"class":101},[57,63725,105],{"class":71},[57,63727,1368],{"class":113},[57,63729,316],{"class":71},[20,63731,216],{},[48,63733,63734],{"className":50,"code":25711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,63735,63736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63737,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63739,1785],{"class":71},[57,63741,3543],{"class":169},[57,63743,7898],{"class":173},[57,63745,3543],{"class":169},[57,63747,79],{"class":71},[57,63749,3538],{"class":169},[57,63751,9526],{"class":173},[57,63753,3543],{"class":169},[57,63755,95],{"class":71},[20,63757,63758,63759,63761],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63760,25011],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63763,63764,63765,620],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[614,63766,63768],{"href":63767},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[43,63770,63772],{"id":63771},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63774,63775],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63777,61373],{},[30,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790],{},[33,63781,5530],{},[33,63783,5533],{},[33,63785,5539],{},[33,63787,5536],{},[33,63789,63215],{},[33,63791,7481],{},[20,63793,63794],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[48,63796,63798],{"className":50,"code":63797,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63799,63800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63801,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63815,63817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63803,102],{"class":101},[57,63805,105],{"class":71},[57,63807,8321],{"class":1102},[57,63809,105],{"class":71},[57,63811,170],{"class":169},[57,63813,63814],{"class":173},"hi",[57,63816,170],{"class":169},[57,63818,117],{"class":71},[20,63820,216],{},[48,63822,63824],{"className":50,"code":63823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63825,63826],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63827,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63829,1785],{"class":71},[57,63831,3543],{"class":169},[57,63833,60656],{"class":173},[57,63835,3543],{"class":169},[57,63837,79],{"class":71},[57,63839,3538],{"class":169},[57,63841,36386],{"class":173},[57,63843,3543],{"class":169},[57,63845,95],{"class":71},[20,63847,63848],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[48,63850,63852],{"className":50,"code":63851,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63853,63854],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63855,63856,63858,63860,63862,63864,63866],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63857,102],{"class":101},[57,63859,105],{"class":71},[57,63861,8321],{"class":1102},[57,63863,105],{"class":71},[57,63865,2389],{"class":75},[57,63867,117],{"class":71},[20,63869,216],{},[48,63871,63873],{"className":50,"code":63872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63874,63875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63876,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63878,1539],{"class":1102},[57,63880,270],{"class":71},[57,63882,3538],{"class":169},[57,63884,2440],{"class":173},[57,63886,3543],{"class":169},[57,63888,24848],{"class":1102},[57,63890,8324],{"class":67},[57,63892,8327],{"class":67},[57,63894,63895],{"class":63}," iterable\n",[20,63897,63898,63899,63901,63902,620],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[614,63900,5369],{"href":5818},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[614,63903,63904],{"href":52818},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[43,63906,63908],{"id":63907},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63910,63911,63912,63915],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63913,63914],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[48,63917,63919],{"className":50,"code":63918,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63920,63921,63941,63955,63959,63969,63979],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,63922,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,63924,12315],{"class":63},[57,63926,68],{"class":67},[57,63928,72],{"class":71},[57,63930,3231],{"class":75},[57,63932,79],{"class":71},[57,63934,87],{"class":75},[57,63936,79],{"class":71},[57,63938,1793],{"class":75},[57,63940,95],{"class":71},[57,63942,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951,63953],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,63944,14542],{"class":63},[57,63946,68],{"class":67},[57,63948,22790],{"class":1102},[57,63950,105],{"class":71},[57,63952,12362],{"class":113},[57,63954,316],{"class":71},[57,63956,63957],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,63958,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,63960,63961,63963,63965,63967],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,63962,102],{"class":101},[57,63964,105],{"class":71},[57,63966,12362],{"class":113},[57,63968,316],{"class":71},[57,63970,63971,63973,63975,63977],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,63972,102],{"class":101},[57,63974,105],{"class":71},[57,63976,14561],{"class":113},[57,63978,316],{"class":71},[57,63980,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,63982,102],{"class":101},[57,63984,105],{"class":71},[57,63986,12315],{"class":113},[57,63988,1481],{"class":1962},[57,63990,14615],{"class":113},[57,63992,316],{"class":71},[20,63994,216],{},[48,63996,63998],{"className":50,"code":63997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63999,64000,64016,64032],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64001,64002,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64003,1785],{"class":71},[57,64005,3231],{"class":75},[57,64007,79],{"class":71},[57,64009,87],{"class":75},[57,64011,79],{"class":71},[57,64013,1793],{"class":75},[57,64015,95],{"class":71},[57,64017,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64019,1785],{"class":71},[57,64021,3231],{"class":75},[57,64023,79],{"class":71},[57,64025,87],{"class":75},[57,64027,79],{"class":71},[57,64029,1793],{"class":75},[57,64031,95],{"class":71},[57,64033,64034],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,64035,4275],{"class":1523},[20,64037,64038,64039,64041],{},"This means ",[15,64040,14561],{}," is a different list object.",[20,64043,64044,64045,64047],{},"However, this is only a ",[1399,64046,13080],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[48,64049,64051],{"className":50,"code":64050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,64052,64053,64079,64093,64097,64115,64119,64129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64054,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64056,12315],{"class":63},[57,64058,68],{"class":67},[57,64060,56513],{"class":71},[57,64062,3231],{"class":75},[57,64064,79],{"class":71},[57,64066,87],{"class":75},[57,64068,18293],{"class":71},[57,64070,72],{"class":71},[57,64072,76],{"class":75},[57,64074,79],{"class":71},[57,64076,2706],{"class":75},[57,64078,53461],{"class":71},[57,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64082,14542],{"class":63},[57,64084,68],{"class":67},[57,64086,22790],{"class":1102},[57,64088,105],{"class":71},[57,64090,12362],{"class":113},[57,64092,316],{"class":71},[57,64094,64095],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,64096,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,64098,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,64100,14561],{"class":63},[57,64102,1785],{"class":71},[57,64104,1294],{"class":75},[57,64106,13780],{"class":71},[57,64108,13783],{"class":113},[57,64110,105],{"class":71},[57,64112,56566],{"class":75},[57,64114,316],{"class":71},[57,64116,64117],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,64118,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,64120,64121,64123,64125,64127],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,64122,102],{"class":101},[57,64124,105],{"class":71},[57,64126,12362],{"class":113},[57,64128,316],{"class":71},[57,64130,64131,64133,64135,64137],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,64132,102],{"class":101},[57,64134,105],{"class":71},[57,64136,14561],{"class":113},[57,64138,316],{"class":71},[20,64140,216],{},[48,64142,64143],{"className":50,"code":56597,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,64144,64145,64171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64146,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64148,56604],{"class":71},[57,64150,3231],{"class":75},[57,64152,79],{"class":71},[57,64154,87],{"class":75},[57,64156,79],{"class":71},[57,64158,10424],{"class":75},[57,64160,18293],{"class":71},[57,64162,72],{"class":71},[57,64164,76],{"class":75},[57,64166,79],{"class":71},[57,64168,2706],{"class":75},[57,64170,53461],{"class":71},[57,64172,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64174,56604],{"class":71},[57,64176,3231],{"class":75},[57,64178,79],{"class":71},[57,64180,87],{"class":75},[57,64182,79],{"class":71},[57,64184,10424],{"class":75},[57,64186,18293],{"class":71},[57,64188,72],{"class":71},[57,64190,76],{"class":75},[57,64192,79],{"class":71},[57,64194,2706],{"class":75},[57,64196,53461],{"class":71},[20,64198,64199],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64201,64202,64203,620],{},"For more on this, see ",[614,64204,14021],{"href":14020},[43,64206,64208],{"id":64207},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64210,64211,64212,620],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64213,25011],{},[943,64215,64217],{"id":64216},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[48,64219,64221],{"className":50,"code":64220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64222,64223,64263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64224,64225,64227,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64226,13093],{"class":63},[57,64228,68],{"class":67},[57,64230,10718],{"class":71},[57,64232,170],{"class":169},[57,64234,7898],{"class":173},[57,64236,170],{"class":169},[57,64238,270],{"class":71},[57,64240,181],{"class":169},[57,64242,8148],{"class":173},[57,64244,170],{"class":169},[57,64246,79],{"class":71},[57,64248,181],{"class":169},[57,64250,20123],{"class":173},[57,64252,170],{"class":169},[57,64254,270],{"class":71},[57,64256,181],{"class":169},[57,64258,22475],{"class":173},[57,64260,170],{"class":169},[57,64262,9536],{"class":71},[57,64264,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64266,102],{"class":101},[57,64268,105],{"class":71},[57,64270,8321],{"class":1102},[57,64272,105],{"class":71},[57,64274,13856],{"class":113},[57,64276,117],{"class":71},[20,64278,216],{},[48,64280,64282],{"className":50,"code":64281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64283,64284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64285,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64287,1785],{"class":71},[57,64289,3543],{"class":169},[57,64291,7898],{"class":173},[57,64293,3543],{"class":169},[57,64295,79],{"class":71},[57,64297,3538],{"class":169},[57,64299,20123],{"class":173},[57,64301,3543],{"class":169},[57,64303,95],{"class":71},[943,64305,64307],{"id":64306},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[48,64309,64311],{"className":50,"code":64310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64312,64313,64353],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64314,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64316,13093],{"class":63},[57,64318,68],{"class":67},[57,64320,10718],{"class":71},[57,64322,170],{"class":169},[57,64324,7898],{"class":173},[57,64326,170],{"class":169},[57,64328,270],{"class":71},[57,64330,181],{"class":169},[57,64332,8148],{"class":173},[57,64334,170],{"class":169},[57,64336,79],{"class":71},[57,64338,181],{"class":169},[57,64340,20123],{"class":173},[57,64342,170],{"class":169},[57,64344,270],{"class":71},[57,64346,181],{"class":169},[57,64348,22475],{"class":173},[57,64350,170],{"class":169},[57,64352,9536],{"class":71},[57,64354,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64356,102],{"class":101},[57,64358,105],{"class":71},[57,64360,8321],{"class":1102},[57,64362,105],{"class":71},[57,64364,13856],{"class":113},[57,64366,620],{"class":71},[57,64368,5589],{"class":113},[57,64370,6520],{"class":71},[20,64372,216],{},[48,64374,64376],{"className":50,"code":64375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64377,64378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64379,64380,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64381,1785],{"class":71},[57,64383,3543],{"class":169},[57,64385,8148],{"class":173},[57,64387,3543],{"class":169},[57,64389,79],{"class":71},[57,64391,3538],{"class":169},[57,64393,22475],{"class":173},[57,64395,3543],{"class":169},[57,64397,95],{"class":71},[943,64399,64401],{"id":64400},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[48,64403,64405],{"className":50,"code":64404,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64406,64407,64447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64408,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431,64433,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64410,13093],{"class":63},[57,64412,68],{"class":67},[57,64414,10718],{"class":71},[57,64416,170],{"class":169},[57,64418,7898],{"class":173},[57,64420,170],{"class":169},[57,64422,270],{"class":71},[57,64424,181],{"class":169},[57,64426,8148],{"class":173},[57,64428,170],{"class":169},[57,64430,79],{"class":71},[57,64432,181],{"class":169},[57,64434,20123],{"class":173},[57,64436,170],{"class":169},[57,64438,270],{"class":71},[57,64440,181],{"class":169},[57,64442,22475],{"class":173},[57,64444,170],{"class":169},[57,64446,9536],{"class":71},[57,64448,64449,64451,64453,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64450,102],{"class":101},[57,64452,105],{"class":71},[57,64454,8321],{"class":1102},[57,64456,105],{"class":71},[57,64458,13856],{"class":113},[57,64460,620],{"class":71},[57,64462,1199],{"class":113},[57,64464,6520],{"class":71},[20,64466,216],{},[48,64468,64470],{"className":50,"code":64469,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64471,64472],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64473,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64475,21970],{"class":71},[57,64477,3543],{"class":169},[57,64479,7898],{"class":173},[57,64481,3543],{"class":169},[57,64483,79],{"class":71},[57,64485,3538],{"class":169},[57,64487,8148],{"class":173},[57,64489,3543],{"class":169},[57,64491,9460],{"class":71},[57,64493,9463],{"class":71},[57,64495,3543],{"class":169},[57,64497,20123],{"class":173},[57,64499,3543],{"class":169},[57,64501,79],{"class":71},[57,64503,3538],{"class":169},[57,64505,22475],{"class":173},[57,64507,3543],{"class":169},[57,64509,9476],{"class":71},[20,64511,64512],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[43,64514,64516],{"id":64515},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64518,1806,64519,10828],{},[15,64520,25011],{},[30,64522,64523,64531,64540],{},[33,64524,64525,64526,3122,64528],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64527,52871],{},[15,64529,64530],{},"sort()",[33,64532,64533,64534,3122,64536,64539],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64535,36430],{},[15,64537,64538],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[33,64541,64542],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64544,46265,64545,270],{},[15,64546,64538],{},[48,64548,64550],{"className":50,"code":64549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64551,64552,64576,64592,64596,64619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64553,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64555,5228],{"class":63},[57,64557,68],{"class":67},[57,64559,72],{"class":71},[57,64561,170],{"class":169},[57,64563,13110],{"class":173},[57,64565,170],{"class":169},[57,64567,79],{"class":71},[57,64569,181],{"class":169},[57,64571,36172],{"class":173},[57,64573,170],{"class":169},[57,64575,95],{"class":71},[57,64577,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64579,459],{"class":63},[57,64581,68],{"class":67},[57,64583,72],{"class":71},[57,64585,13733],{"class":75},[57,64587,79],{"class":71},[57,64589,476],{"class":75},[57,64591,95],{"class":71},[57,64593,64594],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,64595,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,64597,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606,64609,64611,64613,64615,64617],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,64599,9442],{"class":63},[57,64601,68],{"class":67},[57,64603,22790],{"class":1102},[57,64605,105],{"class":71},[57,64607,64608],{"class":101},"zip",[57,64610,105],{"class":71},[57,64612,5272],{"class":113},[57,64614,79],{"class":71},[57,64616,5343],{"class":113},[57,64618,117],{"class":71},[57,64620,64621,64623,64625,64627],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,64622,102],{"class":101},[57,64624,105],{"class":71},[57,64626,9489],{"class":113},[57,64628,316],{"class":71},[20,64630,216],{},[48,64632,64634],{"className":50,"code":64633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64635,64636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64637,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64639,21970],{"class":71},[57,64641,3543],{"class":169},[57,64643,13110],{"class":173},[57,64645,3543],{"class":169},[57,64647,79],{"class":71},[57,64649,20130],{"class":75},[57,64651,9460],{"class":71},[57,64653,9463],{"class":71},[57,64655,3543],{"class":169},[57,64657,36172],{"class":173},[57,64659,3543],{"class":169},[57,64661,79],{"class":71},[57,64663,476],{"class":75},[57,64665,9476],{"class":71},[20,64667,64668,64669,64671,64672,620],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64670,52871],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[614,64673,53268],{"href":53267},[43,64675,4751],{"id":4750},[20,64677,56995,64678,620],{},[15,64679,25011],{},[943,64681,64683],{"id":64682},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64685,4758],{},[48,64687,64689],{"className":50,"code":64688,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64690,64691,64695],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64692,64693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64694,4768],{"class":3903},[57,64696,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64698,8321],{"class":1102},[57,64700,105],{"class":71},[57,64702,3231],{"class":75},[57,64704,79],{"class":71},[57,64706,87],{"class":75},[57,64708,79],{"class":71},[57,64710,1793],{"class":75},[57,64712,316],{"class":71},[20,64714,64715,64717],{},[15,64716,25011],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64719,18926],{},[48,64721,64723],{"className":50,"code":64722,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64724,64725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64726,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64728,102],{"class":101},[57,64730,105],{"class":71},[57,64732,8321],{"class":1102},[57,64734,5742],{"class":71},[57,64736,3231],{"class":75},[57,64738,79],{"class":71},[57,64740,87],{"class":75},[57,64742,79],{"class":71},[57,64744,1793],{"class":75},[57,64746,1225],{"class":71},[943,64748,64750,64751],{"id":64749},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[57,64752,64753],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64755,64756],{},"This is a common surprise:",[48,64758,64760],{"className":50,"code":64759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64761,64762],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64763,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64765,102],{"class":101},[57,64767,105],{"class":71},[57,64769,8321],{"class":1102},[57,64771,105],{"class":71},[57,64773,170],{"class":169},[57,64775,4084],{"class":173},[57,64777,170],{"class":169},[57,64779,117],{"class":71},[20,64781,216],{},[48,64783,64785],{"className":50,"code":64784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64786,64787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64788,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64790,1785],{"class":71},[57,64792,3543],{"class":169},[57,64794,60656],{"class":173},[57,64796,3543],{"class":169},[57,64798,79],{"class":71},[57,64800,3538],{"class":169},[57,64802,60665],{"class":173},[57,64804,3543],{"class":169},[57,64806,79],{"class":71},[57,64808,3538],{"class":169},[57,64810,60674],{"class":173},[57,64812,3543],{"class":169},[57,64814,79],{"class":71},[57,64816,3538],{"class":169},[57,64818,60674],{"class":173},[57,64820,3543],{"class":169},[57,64822,79],{"class":71},[57,64824,3538],{"class":169},[57,64826,60691],{"class":173},[57,64828,3543],{"class":169},[57,64830,95],{"class":71},[20,64832,64833],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64835,64836],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[48,64838,64840],{"className":50,"code":64839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64841,64842],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64843,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64845,102],{"class":101},[57,64847,1949],{"class":71},[57,64849,170],{"class":169},[57,64851,4084],{"class":173},[57,64853,170],{"class":169},[57,64855,1975],{"class":71},[943,64857,64859],{"id":64858},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64861,64862],{},"This:",[48,64864,64866],{"className":50,"code":64865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64867,64868,64900],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,64869,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,64871,9393],{"class":63},[57,64873,68],{"class":67},[57,64875,10718],{"class":71},[57,64877,170],{"class":169},[57,64879,614],{"class":173},[57,64881,170],{"class":169},[57,64883,270],{"class":71},[57,64885,5729],{"class":75},[57,64887,79],{"class":71},[57,64889,181],{"class":169},[57,64891,4993],{"class":173},[57,64893,170],{"class":169},[57,64895,270],{"class":71},[57,64897,87],{"class":75},[57,64899,9536],{"class":71},[57,64901,64902,64904,64906,64908,64910,64912],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,64903,102],{"class":101},[57,64905,105],{"class":71},[57,64907,8321],{"class":1102},[57,64909,105],{"class":71},[57,64911,9431],{"class":113},[57,64913,117],{"class":71},[20,64915,64916],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64918,1806,64919,64922],{},[15,64920,64921],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[943,64924,64926],{"id":64925},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64928,64929,64931],{},[15,64930,25011],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64933,64934],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[43,64936,2011],{"id":2010},[943,64938,2119,64940,64942],{"id":64939},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[57,64941],{}," and list()?",[20,64944,64945,64946,64948,64949,64951],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64947,4025],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64950,25011],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[943,64953,64955],{"id":64954},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64957,64958,64959,64961],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64960,25011],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[943,64963,64965],{"id":64964},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64967,64968],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[943,64970,64972],{"id":64971},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64974,64975],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[943,64977,64979],{"id":64978},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64981,64982,64983,64985],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64984,25011],{}," cannot loop through it.",[43,64987,2135],{"id":2134},[30,64989,64990,64994,64999,65003,65007,65011,65015,65020],{},[33,64991,64992],{},[614,64993,52990],{"href":51200},[33,64995,64996],{},[614,64997,64998],{"href":36427},"Python range() function explained",[33,65000,65001],{},[614,65002,63436],{"href":63435},[33,65004,65005],{},[614,65006,63768],{"href":63767},[33,65008,65009],{},[614,65010,5446],{"href":5818},[33,65012,65013],{},[614,65014,14021],{"href":14020},[33,65016,65017],{},[614,65018,65019],{"href":52818},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[33,65021,65022],{},[614,65023,54497],{"href":53267},[2172,65025,65026],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":65028},[65029,65030,65031,65032,65033,65040,65041,65042,65047,65048,65055,65063],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":63138,"depth":98,"text":63139},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":59837,"depth":98,"text":59838},{"id":63366,"depth":98,"text":63367,"children":65034},[65035,65036,65037,65038,65039],{"id":63370,"depth":120,"text":63371},{"id":63439,"depth":120,"text":63440},{"id":63517,"depth":120,"text":63518},{"id":63592,"depth":120,"text":63593},{"id":63659,"depth":120,"text":63660},{"id":63771,"depth":98,"text":63772},{"id":63907,"depth":98,"text":63908},{"id":64207,"depth":98,"text":64208,"children":65043},[65044,65045,65046],{"id":64216,"depth":120,"text":64217},{"id":64306,"depth":120,"text":64307},{"id":64400,"depth":120,"text":64401},{"id":64515,"depth":98,"text":64516},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":65049},[65050,65051,65053,65054],{"id":64682,"depth":120,"text":64683},{"id":64749,"depth":120,"text":65052},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64858,"depth":120,"text":64859},{"id":64925,"depth":120,"text":64926},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":65056},[65057,65059,65060,65061,65062],{"id":64939,"depth":120,"text":65058},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64954,"depth":120,"text":64955},{"id":64964,"depth":120,"text":64965},{"id":64971,"depth":120,"text":64972},{"id":64978,"depth":120,"text":64979},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62972,"description":65064},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65071,"title":65072,"body":65073,"description":66422,"extension":2219,"meta":66423,"navigation":123,"path":66424,"seo":66425,"stem":66426,"__hash__":66427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65074,"toc":66396},[65075,65080,65086,65095,65097,65170,65179,65184,65188,65204,65208,65210,65212,65231,65234,65262,65265,65290,65298,65300,65305,65312,65314,65371,65373,65381,65387,65391,65394,65467,65469,65477,65480,65502,65509,65515,65519,65525,65596,65598,65606,65615,65622,65629,65637,65781,65783,65800,65803,65842,65845,65849,65854,65856,65915,65921,65924,66031,66033,66048,66051,66057,66059,66063,66211,66214,66275,66278,66281,66302,66307,66311,66322,66325,66327,66332,66335,66343,66348,66354,66357,66363,66371,66373,66393],[10,65076,54561,65078,11549],{"id":65077},"python-list-index-method",[15,65079,59185],{},[20,65081,65082,65085],{},[15,65083,65084],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65087,65088,65089,65092,65093,620],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[1399,65090,65091],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65094,1420],{},[43,65096,3850],{"id":3849},[48,65098,65100],{"className":50,"code":65099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65101,65102,65134,65157],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65103,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118,65120,65122,65124,65126,65128,65130,65132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65105,1147],{"class":63},[57,65107,68],{"class":67},[57,65109,72],{"class":71},[57,65111,170],{"class":169},[57,65113,174],{"class":173},[57,65115,170],{"class":169},[57,65117,79],{"class":71},[57,65119,181],{"class":169},[57,65121,184],{"class":173},[57,65123,170],{"class":169},[57,65125,79],{"class":71},[57,65127,181],{"class":169},[57,65129,4329],{"class":173},[57,65131,170],{"class":169},[57,65133,95],{"class":71},[57,65135,65136,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151,65153,65155],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65137,65138],{"class":63},"position ",[57,65140,68],{"class":67},[57,65142,1972],{"class":63},[57,65144,620],{"class":71},[57,65146,36077],{"class":113},[57,65148,105],{"class":71},[57,65150,170],{"class":169},[57,65152,184],{"class":173},[57,65154,170],{"class":169},[57,65156,316],{"class":71},[57,65158,65159,65161,65163,65166,65168],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,65160,102],{"class":101},[57,65162,105],{"class":71},[57,65164,65165],{"class":113},"position",[57,65167,1959],{"class":71},[57,65169,28010],{"class":3903},[20,65171,1806,65172,65175,65176,65178],{},[15,65173,65174],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65177,1420],{}," if the item is not found.",[43,65180,262,65182,265],{"id":65181},"what-listindex-does",[15,65183,65084],{},[20,65185,65186,270],{},[15,65187,65084],{},[30,65189,65190,65193,65196,65201],{},[33,65191,65192],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[33,65194,65195],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[33,65197,65198,65199],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65200,1294],{},[33,65202,65203],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65205,54786,65206,620],{},[614,65207,52990],{"href":54789},[43,65209,294],{"id":293},[20,65211,30955],{},[48,65213,65215],{"className":50,"code":65214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65216,65217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65218,65219,65221,65223,65225,65227,65229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65220,8567],{"class":63},[57,65222,620],{"class":71},[57,65224,36077],{"class":113},[57,65226,105],{"class":71},[57,65228,364],{"class":113},[57,65230,316],{"class":71},[20,65232,65233],{},"You can also limit the search:",[48,65235,65237],{"className":50,"code":65236,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65238,65239],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65240,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65242,8567],{"class":63},[57,65244,620],{"class":71},[57,65246,36077],{"class":113},[57,65248,105],{"class":71},[57,65250,364],{"class":113},[57,65252,79],{"class":71},[57,65254,36283],{"class":113},[57,65256,79],{"class":71},[57,65258,65259],{"class":113}," end",[57,65261,316],{"class":71},[20,65263,65264],{},"Here is what each part means:",[30,65266,65267,65272,65277,65282],{},[33,65268,65269,65271],{},[15,65270,364],{},": the item to search for",[33,65273,65274,65276],{},[15,65275,36304],{},": where the search begins",[33,65278,65279,65281],{},[15,65280,52879],{},": where the search stops",[33,65283,65284,5016,65286,65289],{},[15,65285,52879],{},[1399,65287,65288],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65291,65292,65293,65295,65296,620],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65294,36304],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65297,52879],{},[43,65299,38249],{"id":38248},[20,65301,65302,65304],{},[15,65303,65084],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65306,65307,65308,65311],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[1399,65309,65310],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65313,864],{},[48,65315,65317],{"className":50,"code":65316,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65318,65319,65339,65357,65361],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65320,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65322,64],{"class":63},[57,65324,68],{"class":67},[57,65326,72],{"class":71},[57,65328,1561],{"class":75},[57,65330,79],{"class":71},[57,65332,1617],{"class":75},[57,65334,79],{"class":71},[57,65336,1575],{"class":75},[57,65338,95],{"class":71},[57,65340,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65342,1336],{"class":63},[57,65344,68],{"class":67},[57,65346,4495],{"class":63},[57,65348,620],{"class":71},[57,65350,36077],{"class":113},[57,65352,105],{"class":71},[57,65354,1568],{"class":75},[57,65356,316],{"class":71},[57,65358,65359],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,65360,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,65362,65363,65365,65367,65369],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,65364,102],{"class":101},[57,65366,105],{"class":71},[57,65368,1368],{"class":113},[57,65370,316],{"class":71},[20,65372,216],{},[48,65374,65375],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,65376,65377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65378,65379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65380,47141],{"class":75},[20,65382,65383,65384,65386],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65385,59185],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[43,65388,65390],{"id":65389},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65392,65393],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[48,65395,65397],{"className":50,"code":65396,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65398,65399,65431,65453,65457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65400,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65402,36471],{"class":63},[57,65404,68],{"class":67},[57,65406,72],{"class":71},[57,65408,170],{"class":169},[57,65410,174],{"class":173},[57,65412,170],{"class":169},[57,65414,79],{"class":71},[57,65416,181],{"class":169},[57,65418,184],{"class":173},[57,65420,170],{"class":169},[57,65422,79],{"class":71},[57,65424,181],{"class":169},[57,65426,4329],{"class":173},[57,65428,170],{"class":169},[57,65430,95],{"class":71},[57,65432,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445,65447,65449,65451],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65434,65138],{"class":63},[57,65436,68],{"class":67},[57,65438,53070],{"class":63},[57,65440,620],{"class":71},[57,65442,36077],{"class":113},[57,65444,105],{"class":71},[57,65446,170],{"class":169},[57,65448,4329],{"class":173},[57,65450,170],{"class":169},[57,65452,316],{"class":71},[57,65454,65455],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,65456,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,65458,65459,65461,65463,65465],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,65460,102],{"class":101},[57,65462,105],{"class":71},[57,65464,65165],{"class":113},[57,65466,316],{"class":71},[20,65468,216],{},[48,65470,65471],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,65472,65473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65474,65475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65476,17286],{"class":75},[20,65478,65479],{},"In this list:",[30,65481,65482,65489,65495],{},[33,65483,65484,65486,65487],{},[15,65485,58053],{}," is at index ",[15,65488,1294],{},[33,65490,65491,65486,65493],{},[15,65492,854],{},[15,65494,3231],{},[33,65496,65497,65486,65500],{},[15,65498,65499],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65501,1788],{},[20,65503,53872,65504,2646,65507,620],{},[15,65505,65506],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65508,1788],{},[20,65510,51763,65511,620],{},[614,65512,65514],{"href":65513},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[43,65516,65518],{"id":65517},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65520,65521,65522,65524],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65523,59185],{}," returns the first match only.",[48,65526,65528],{"className":50,"code":65527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65529,65530,65570,65574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65531,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65533,13306],{"class":63},[57,65535,68],{"class":67},[57,65537,72],{"class":71},[57,65539,170],{"class":169},[57,65541,13323],{"class":173},[57,65543,170],{"class":169},[57,65545,79],{"class":71},[57,65547,181],{"class":169},[57,65549,13340],{"class":173},[57,65551,170],{"class":169},[57,65553,79],{"class":71},[57,65555,181],{"class":169},[57,65557,13323],{"class":173},[57,65559,170],{"class":169},[57,65561,79],{"class":71},[57,65563,181],{"class":169},[57,65565,17686],{"class":173},[57,65567,170],{"class":169},[57,65569,95],{"class":71},[57,65571,65572],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65573,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,65575,65576,65578,65580,65582,65584,65586,65588,65590,65592,65594],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,65577,102],{"class":101},[57,65579,105],{"class":71},[57,65581,17733],{"class":113},[57,65583,620],{"class":71},[57,65585,36077],{"class":113},[57,65587,105],{"class":71},[57,65589,170],{"class":169},[57,65591,13323],{"class":173},[57,65593,170],{"class":169},[57,65595,117],{"class":71},[20,65597,216],{},[48,65599,65600],{"className":50,"code":1301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,65601,65602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65603,65604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65605,1301],{"class":75},[20,65607,21208,65608,65611,65612,65614],{},[15,65609,65610],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65613,1294],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65616,65617,65618,620],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[614,65619,55739,65620,10968],{"href":59244},[15,65621,57510],{},[43,65623,443,65625,1242,65627],{"id":65624},"using-start-and-end",[15,65626,36304],{},[15,65628,52879],{},[20,65630,65631,65632,1242,65634,65636],{},"The optional ",[15,65633,36304],{},[15,65635,52879],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[48,65638,65640],{"className":50,"code":65639,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65641,65642,65690,65694,65719,65748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65643,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65645,36322],{"class":63},[57,65647,68],{"class":67},[57,65649,72],{"class":71},[57,65651,170],{"class":169},[57,65653,614],{"class":173},[57,65655,170],{"class":169},[57,65657,79],{"class":71},[57,65659,181],{"class":169},[57,65661,4993],{"class":173},[57,65663,170],{"class":169},[57,65665,79],{"class":71},[57,65667,181],{"class":169},[57,65669,9966],{"class":173},[57,65671,170],{"class":169},[57,65673,79],{"class":71},[57,65675,181],{"class":169},[57,65677,4993],{"class":173},[57,65679,170],{"class":169},[57,65681,79],{"class":71},[57,65683,181],{"class":169},[57,65685,18999],{"class":173},[57,65687,170],{"class":169},[57,65689,95],{"class":71},[57,65691,65692],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65693,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,65695,65696,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712,65714,65716],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,65697,102],{"class":101},[57,65699,105],{"class":71},[57,65701,36375],{"class":113},[57,65703,620],{"class":71},[57,65705,36077],{"class":113},[57,65707,105],{"class":71},[57,65709,170],{"class":169},[57,65711,4993],{"class":173},[57,65713,170],{"class":169},[57,65715,5592],{"class":71},[57,65717,65718],{"class":3903},"        # first match\n",[57,65720,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,65722,102],{"class":101},[57,65724,105],{"class":71},[57,65726,36375],{"class":113},[57,65728,620],{"class":71},[57,65730,36077],{"class":113},[57,65732,105],{"class":71},[57,65734,170],{"class":169},[57,65736,4993],{"class":173},[57,65738,170],{"class":169},[57,65740,79],{"class":71},[57,65742,87],{"class":75},[57,65744,5592],{"class":71},[57,65746,65747],{"class":3903},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[57,65749,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760,65762,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,65751,102],{"class":101},[57,65753,105],{"class":71},[57,65755,36375],{"class":113},[57,65757,620],{"class":71},[57,65759,36077],{"class":113},[57,65761,105],{"class":71},[57,65763,170],{"class":169},[57,65765,4993],{"class":173},[57,65767,170],{"class":169},[57,65769,79],{"class":71},[57,65771,5729],{"class":75},[57,65773,79],{"class":71},[57,65775,2706],{"class":75},[57,65777,5592],{"class":71},[57,65779,65780],{"class":3903},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65782,216],{},[48,65784,65786],{"className":50,"code":65785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65787,65788,65792,65796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65789,65790],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65791,47141],{"class":75},[57,65793,65794],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65795,46841],{"class":75},[57,65797,65798],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,65799,47141],{"class":75},[20,65801,65802],{},"How this works:",[30,65804,65805,65817,65830],{},[33,65806,65807,65810,65811,65814,65815],{},[15,65808,65809],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65812,65813],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65816,3231],{},[33,65818,65819,65822,65823,65825,65826,65814,65828],{},[15,65820,65821],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65824,1788],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65827,65813],{},[15,65829,76],{},[33,65831,65832,65835,65836,2441,65838,17302,65840],{},[15,65833,65834],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65837,3231],{},[15,65839,1788],{},[15,65841,76],{},[20,65843,65844],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[43,65846,65848],{"id":65847},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65850,65851,65852,620],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65853,1420],{},[20,65855,864],{},[48,65857,65859],{"className":50,"code":65858,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65860,65861,65893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65862,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65864,1147],{"class":63},[57,65866,68],{"class":67},[57,65868,72],{"class":71},[57,65870,170],{"class":169},[57,65872,174],{"class":173},[57,65874,170],{"class":169},[57,65876,79],{"class":71},[57,65878,181],{"class":169},[57,65880,184],{"class":173},[57,65882,170],{"class":169},[57,65884,79],{"class":71},[57,65886,181],{"class":169},[57,65888,4329],{"class":173},[57,65890,170],{"class":169},[57,65892,95],{"class":71},[57,65894,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903,65905,65907,65909,65911,65913],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65896,102],{"class":101},[57,65898,105],{"class":71},[57,65900,1199],{"class":113},[57,65902,620],{"class":71},[57,65904,36077],{"class":113},[57,65906,105],{"class":71},[57,65908,170],{"class":169},[57,65910,33451],{"class":173},[57,65912,170],{"class":169},[57,65914,117],{"class":71},[20,65916,39882,65917,65920],{},[15,65918,65919],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65922,65923],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[48,65925,65927],{"className":50,"code":65926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65928,65929,65961,65974,65978,65991,66010,66016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,65930,65931,65933,65935,65937,65939,65941,65943,65945,65947,65949,65951,65953,65955,65957,65959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,65932,1147],{"class":63},[57,65934,68],{"class":67},[57,65936,72],{"class":71},[57,65938,170],{"class":169},[57,65940,174],{"class":173},[57,65942,170],{"class":169},[57,65944,79],{"class":71},[57,65946,181],{"class":169},[57,65948,184],{"class":173},[57,65950,170],{"class":169},[57,65952,79],{"class":71},[57,65954,181],{"class":169},[57,65956,4329],{"class":173},[57,65958,170],{"class":169},[57,65960,95],{"class":71},[57,65962,65963,65966,65968,65970,65972],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,65964,65965],{"class":63},"search_value ",[57,65967,68],{"class":67},[57,65969,181],{"class":169},[57,65971,33451],{"class":173},[57,65973,3602],{"class":169},[57,65975,65976],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,65977,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,65979,65980,65982,65985,65987,65989],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,65981,7228],{"class":1962},[57,65983,65984],{"class":63}," search_value ",[57,65986,1969],{"class":67},[57,65988,1972],{"class":63},[57,65990,6623],{"class":71},[57,65992,65993,65995,65997,65999,66001,66003,66005,66008],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,65994,8296],{"class":101},[57,65996,105],{"class":71},[57,65998,1199],{"class":113},[57,66000,620],{"class":71},[57,66002,36077],{"class":113},[57,66004,105],{"class":71},[57,66006,66007],{"class":113},"search_value",[57,66009,117],{"class":71},[57,66011,66012,66014],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,66013,27664],{"class":1962},[57,66015,6623],{"class":71},[57,66017,66018,66020,66022,66024,66027,66029],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,66019,8296],{"class":101},[57,66021,105],{"class":71},[57,66023,170],{"class":169},[57,66025,66026],{"class":173},"Item not found",[57,66028,170],{"class":169},[57,66030,316],{"class":71},[20,66032,216],{},[48,66034,66036],{"className":50,"code":66035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Item not found\n",[15,66037,66038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66039,66040,66043,66045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66041,66042],{"class":63},"Item ",[57,66044,1401],{"class":67},[57,66046,66047],{"class":63}," found\n",[20,66049,66050],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,66052,66053,66054,620],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[614,66055,1533],{"href":66056},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes",[43,66058,4751],{"id":4750},[20,66060,21442,66061,270],{},[15,66062,65084],{},[30,66064,66065,66083,66095,66155],{},[33,66066,26005,66067,2646,66069,66072,66073,66075,66076,5392,66078,66080,66081,620],{},[15,66068,59185],{},[15,66070,66071],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10073,66074],{},"\nPython does ",[1399,66077,1401],{},[15,66079,66071],{},". It raises ",[15,66082,1420],{},[33,66084,66085,66086,66088,66091,66092,66094],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10073,66087],{},[15,66089,66090],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66093,854],{},", not the value itself.",[33,66096,443,66097,11320,66100,66102,66104,66105,16885,66107,66130,16873,66132],{},[15,66098,66099],{},"index[]",[15,66101,59185],{},[10073,66103],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10073,66106],{},[48,66108,66110],{"className":50,"code":66109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66111,66112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66113,66114,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66115,1199],{"class":63},[57,66117,620],{"class":71},[57,66119,36077],{"class":113},[57,66121,105],{"class":71},[57,66123,170],{"class":169},[57,66125,184],{"class":173},[57,66127,170],{"class":169},[57,66129,316],{"class":71},[10073,66131],{},[48,66133,66135],{"className":50,"code":66134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66136,66137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66138,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66140,1199],{"class":63},[57,66142,620],{"class":71},[57,66144,36077],{"class":1108},[57,66146,1785],{"class":71},[57,66148,170],{"class":169},[57,66150,184],{"class":173},[57,66152,170],{"class":169},[57,66154,95],{"class":71},[33,66156,66157,66158,66160,1242,66163,66165,66166],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10073,66159],{},[15,66161,66162],{},"\"3\"",[15,66164,76],{}," are different values in Python.",[48,66167,66169],{"className":50,"code":66168,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66170,66171,66191],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66172,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66174,64],{"class":63},[57,66176,68],{"class":67},[57,66178,72],{"class":71},[57,66180,3231],{"class":75},[57,66182,79],{"class":71},[57,66184,87],{"class":75},[57,66186,79],{"class":71},[57,66188,1793],{"class":75},[57,66190,95],{"class":71},[57,66192,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,66194,102],{"class":101},[57,66196,105],{"class":71},[57,66198,170],{"class":169},[57,66200,76],{"class":173},[57,66202,170],{"class":169},[57,66204,21404],{"class":1962},[57,66206,4495],{"class":113},[57,66208,1959],{"class":71},[57,66210,5004],{"class":3903},[20,66212,66213],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[48,66215,66217],{"className":50,"code":66216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66218,66219,66229,66243,66257],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66220,66221,66223,66225,66227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66222,102],{"class":101},[57,66224,105],{"class":71},[57,66226,8567],{"class":113},[57,66228,316],{"class":71},[57,66230,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,66232,102],{"class":101},[57,66234,105],{"class":71},[57,66236,1886],{"class":1102},[57,66238,105],{"class":71},[57,66240,66007],{"class":113},[57,66242,117],{"class":71},[57,66244,66245,66247,66249,66251,66253,66255],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,66246,102],{"class":101},[57,66248,105],{"class":71},[57,66250,65965],{"class":113},[57,66252,1969],{"class":1962},[57,66254,8624],{"class":113},[57,66256,316],{"class":71},[57,66258,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,66260,102],{"class":101},[57,66262,105],{"class":71},[57,66264,8567],{"class":113},[57,66266,620],{"class":71},[57,66268,36077],{"class":113},[57,66270,105],{"class":71},[57,66272,66007],{"class":113},[57,66274,117],{"class":71},[20,66276,66277],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66279,66280],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[30,66282,66283,66286,66293,66299],{},[33,66284,66285],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[33,66287,66288,66289,11320,66291],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66290,66162],{},[15,66292,76],{},[33,66294,66295,66296,66298],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66297,59185],{}," returns only the first one",[33,66300,66301],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[43,66303,5194,66305],{"id":66304},"when-to-use-index",[15,66306,59185],{},[20,66308,1806,66309,10828],{},[15,66310,59185],{},[30,66312,66313,66316,66319],{},[33,66314,66315],{},"You need the position of a known value",[33,66317,66318],{},"You are working with a small list",[33,66320,66321],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66323,66324],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[43,66326,2011],{"id":2010},[943,66328,2015,66330,2018],{"id":66329},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66331,65084],{},[20,66333,66334],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[943,66336,12933,66338,5392,66340,66342],{"id":66337},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66339,65084],{},[15,66341,66071],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66344,66345,66346,6861],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66347,1420],{},[943,66349,2025,66351,66353],{"id":66350},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66352,65084],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66355,66356],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[943,66358,66360,66361,2053],{"id":66359},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66362,59185],{},[20,66364,66365,66366,1242,66368,66370],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66367,36304],{},[15,66369,52879],{}," arguments.",[43,66372,2135],{"id":2134},[30,66374,66375,66379,66383,66387],{},[33,66376,66377],{},[614,66378,2162],{"href":65513},[33,66380,66381],{},[614,66382,52990],{"href":54789},[33,66384,66385],{},[614,66386,1533],{"href":66056},[33,66388,66389],{},[614,66390,55739,66391,10968],{"href":59244},[15,66392,57510],{},[2172,66394,66395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":66397},[66398,66399,66401,66402,66403,66404,66405,66407,66408,66409,66411,66421],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":65181,"depth":98,"text":66400},"What list.index() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":38248,"depth":98,"text":38249},{"id":65389,"depth":98,"text":65390},{"id":65517,"depth":98,"text":65518},{"id":65624,"depth":98,"text":66406},"Using start and end",{"id":65847,"depth":98,"text":65848},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751},{"id":66304,"depth":98,"text":66410},"When to use index()",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":66412},[66413,66415,66417,66419],{"id":66329,"depth":120,"text":66414},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66337,"depth":120,"text":66416},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66350,"depth":120,"text":66418},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66359,"depth":120,"text":66420},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65072,"description":66422},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66429,"title":66430,"body":66431,"description":68373,"extension":2219,"meta":68374,"navigation":123,"path":68375,"seo":68376,"stem":68377,"__hash__":68378},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66432,"toc":68333},[66433,66438,66443,66446,66455,66512,66518,66523,66527,66541,66547,66549,66572,66589,66591,66652,66654,66686,66699,66701,66704,66804,66806,66884,66890,66894,66902,66906,66912,66967,66969,66993,66997,67000,67053,67055,67079,67083,67086,67139,67141,67165,67169,67175,67246,67248,67289,67295,67302,67305,67310,67318,67323,67331,67333,67430,67432,67501,67508,67513,67515,67519,67524,67526,67597,67599,67628,67634,67636,67663,67666,67689,67693,67696,67718,67721,67744,67746,67806,67808,67840,67846,67851,67904,67906,67931,67934,67983,67985,68006,68010,68015,68018,68073,68075,68102,68109,68113,68118,68189,68192,68206,68211,68216,68218,68232,68244,68249,68251,68256,68261,68265,68268,68274,68280,68287,68295,68297,68330],[10,66434,54561,66436,11549],{"id":66435},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66437,54487],{},[20,66439,66440,66442],{},[15,66441,54130],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66444,66445],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66447,1806,66448,66450,66451,620],{},[15,66449,54487],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[614,66452,55739,66453,10968],{"href":56988},[15,66454,52871],{},[48,66456,66458],{"className":50,"code":66457,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66459,66460,66480,66498,66508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66461,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476,66478],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66463,64],{"class":63},[57,66465,68],{"class":67},[57,66467,72],{"class":71},[57,66469,3231],{"class":75},[57,66471,79],{"class":71},[57,66473,87],{"class":75},[57,66475,79],{"class":71},[57,66477,2706],{"class":75},[57,66479,95],{"class":71},[57,66481,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,66483,114],{"class":63},[57,66485,620],{"class":71},[57,66487,54170],{"class":113},[57,66489,105],{"class":71},[57,66491,1788],{"class":75},[57,66493,79],{"class":71},[57,66495,1793],{"class":75},[57,66497,316],{"class":71},[57,66499,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,66501,102],{"class":101},[57,66503,105],{"class":71},[57,66505,114],{"class":113},[57,66507,316],{"class":71},[57,66509,66510],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,66511,52942],{"class":3903},[20,66513,1806,66514,66517],{},[15,66515,66516],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[43,66519,262,66521,265],{"id":66520},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66522,54130],{},[20,66524,66525,270],{},[15,66526,54130],{},[30,66528,66529,66532,66535,66537],{},[33,66530,66531],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[33,66533,66534],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[33,66536,54647],{},[33,66538,11651,66539],{},[15,66540,1524],{},[20,66542,66543,66544,66546],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66545,54487],{}," does not create a new list.",[43,66548,5662],{"id":5661},[48,66550,66552],{"className":50,"code":66551,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66553,66554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66557,8567],{"class":63},[57,66559,620],{"class":71},[57,66561,54170],{"class":113},[57,66563,105],{"class":71},[57,66565,36077],{"class":113},[57,66567,79],{"class":71},[57,66569,29738],{"class":113},[57,66571,316],{"class":71},[30,66573,66574,66579,66584],{},[33,66575,66576,66578],{},[15,66577,36077],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[33,66580,66581,66583],{},[15,66582,23541],{}," is the value to add",[33,66585,66586,66587],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66588,1294],{},[20,66590,864],{},[48,66592,66594],{"className":50,"code":66593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66595,66596,66620,66642],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66597,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66599,36322],{"class":63},[57,66601,68],{"class":67},[57,66603,72],{"class":71},[57,66605,170],{"class":169},[57,66607,614],{"class":173},[57,66609,170],{"class":169},[57,66611,79],{"class":71},[57,66613,181],{"class":169},[57,66615,9966],{"class":173},[57,66617,170],{"class":169},[57,66619,95],{"class":71},[57,66621,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634,66636,66638,66640],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,66623,36375],{"class":63},[57,66625,620],{"class":71},[57,66627,54170],{"class":113},[57,66629,105],{"class":71},[57,66631,3231],{"class":75},[57,66633,79],{"class":71},[57,66635,181],{"class":169},[57,66637,4993],{"class":173},[57,66639,170],{"class":169},[57,66641,316],{"class":71},[57,66643,66644,66646,66648,66650],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,66645,102],{"class":101},[57,66647,105],{"class":71},[57,66649,36375],{"class":113},[57,66651,316],{"class":71},[20,66653,216],{},[48,66655,66656],{"className":50,"code":43100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66657,66658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66659,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66661,1785],{"class":71},[57,66663,3543],{"class":169},[57,66665,614],{"class":173},[57,66667,3543],{"class":169},[57,66669,79],{"class":71},[57,66671,3538],{"class":169},[57,66673,4993],{"class":173},[57,66675,3543],{"class":169},[57,66677,79],{"class":71},[57,66679,3538],{"class":169},[57,66681,9966],{"class":173},[57,66683,3543],{"class":169},[57,66685,95],{"class":71},[20,66687,1023,66688,66690,66691,66693,66694,1242,66696,620],{},[15,66689,65813],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66692,3231],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66695,18327],{},[15,66697,66698],{},"\"c\"",[43,66700,6018],{"id":6017},[20,66702,66703],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[48,66705,66707],{"className":50,"code":66706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66708,66709,66741,66759,66763,66785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66710,66711,66713,66715,66717,66719,66721,66723,66725,66727,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66712,13306],{"class":63},[57,66714,68],{"class":67},[57,66716,72],{"class":71},[57,66718,170],{"class":169},[57,66720,13323],{"class":173},[57,66722,170],{"class":169},[57,66724,79],{"class":71},[57,66726,181],{"class":169},[57,66728,13340],{"class":173},[57,66730,170],{"class":169},[57,66732,79],{"class":71},[57,66734,181],{"class":169},[57,66736,17686],{"class":173},[57,66738,170],{"class":169},[57,66740,95],{"class":71},[57,66742,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,66744,102],{"class":101},[57,66746,105],{"class":71},[57,66748,170],{"class":169},[57,66750,11792],{"class":173},[57,66752,170],{"class":169},[57,66754,79],{"class":71},[57,66756,13354],{"class":113},[57,66758,316],{"class":71},[57,66760,66761],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,66762,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,66764,66765,66767,66769,66771,66773,66775,66777,66779,66781,66783],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,66766,17733],{"class":63},[57,66768,620],{"class":71},[57,66770,54170],{"class":113},[57,66772,105],{"class":71},[57,66774,3231],{"class":75},[57,66776,79],{"class":71},[57,66778,181],{"class":169},[57,66780,22754],{"class":173},[57,66782,170],{"class":169},[57,66784,316],{"class":71},[57,66786,66787,66789,66791,66793,66796,66798,66800,66802],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,66788,102],{"class":101},[57,66790,105],{"class":71},[57,66792,170],{"class":169},[57,66794,66795],{"class":173},"After: ",[57,66797,170],{"class":169},[57,66799,79],{"class":71},[57,66801,13354],{"class":113},[57,66803,316],{"class":71},[20,66805,216],{},[48,66807,66809],{"className":50,"code":66808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66810,66811,66843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66812,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66814,11852],{"class":63},[57,66816,270],{"class":71},[57,66818,72],{"class":71},[57,66820,3543],{"class":169},[57,66822,13323],{"class":173},[57,66824,3543],{"class":169},[57,66826,79],{"class":71},[57,66828,3538],{"class":169},[57,66830,13340],{"class":173},[57,66832,3543],{"class":169},[57,66834,79],{"class":71},[57,66836,3538],{"class":169},[57,66838,17686],{"class":173},[57,66840,3543],{"class":169},[57,66842,95],{"class":71},[57,66844,66845,66847,66849,66852,66854,66856,66858,66860,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,66846,11905],{"class":63},[57,66848,270],{"class":71},[57,66850,66851],{"class":71},"  [",[57,66853,3543],{"class":169},[57,66855,13323],{"class":173},[57,66857,3543],{"class":169},[57,66859,79],{"class":71},[57,66861,3538],{"class":169},[57,66863,22754],{"class":173},[57,66865,3543],{"class":169},[57,66867,79],{"class":71},[57,66869,3538],{"class":169},[57,66871,13340],{"class":173},[57,66873,3543],{"class":169},[57,66875,79],{"class":71},[57,66877,3538],{"class":169},[57,66879,17686],{"class":173},[57,66881,3543],{"class":169},[57,66883,95],{"class":71},[20,66885,66886,66887,66889],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66888,3231],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[43,66891,66893],{"id":66892},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66895,935,66896,35560,66898,66901],{},[15,66897,36077],{},[15,66899,66900],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[943,66903,66905],{"id":66904},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66907,66908,66909,66911],{},"Use index ",[15,66910,1294],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[48,66913,66915],{"className":50,"code":66914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66916,66917,66938,66957],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66918,66919,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66920,66921],{"class":63},"nums ",[57,66923,68],{"class":67},[57,66925,72],{"class":71},[57,66927,1788],{"class":75},[57,66929,79],{"class":71},[57,66931,1793],{"class":75},[57,66933,79],{"class":71},[57,66935,2706],{"class":75},[57,66937,95],{"class":71},[57,66939,66940,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,66941,66942],{"class":63},"nums",[57,66944,620],{"class":71},[57,66946,54170],{"class":113},[57,66948,105],{"class":71},[57,66950,1294],{"class":75},[57,66952,79],{"class":71},[57,66954,5729],{"class":75},[57,66956,316],{"class":71},[57,66958,66959,66961,66963,66965],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,66960,102],{"class":101},[57,66962,105],{"class":71},[57,66964,66942],{"class":113},[57,66966,316],{"class":71},[20,66968,216],{},[48,66970,66971],{"className":50,"code":53724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,66972,66973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,66974,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,66976,1785],{"class":71},[57,66978,3231],{"class":75},[57,66980,79],{"class":71},[57,66982,87],{"class":75},[57,66984,79],{"class":71},[57,66986,1793],{"class":75},[57,66988,79],{"class":71},[57,66990,2706],{"class":75},[57,66992,95],{"class":71},[943,66994,66996],{"id":66995},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66998,66999],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[48,67001,67003],{"className":50,"code":67002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67004,67005,67025,67043],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67006,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67008,66921],{"class":63},[57,67010,68],{"class":67},[57,67012,72],{"class":71},[57,67014,3231],{"class":75},[57,67016,79],{"class":71},[57,67018,87],{"class":75},[57,67020,79],{"class":71},[57,67022,2706],{"class":75},[57,67024,95],{"class":71},[57,67026,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67028,66942],{"class":63},[57,67030,620],{"class":71},[57,67032,54170],{"class":113},[57,67034,105],{"class":71},[57,67036,1788],{"class":75},[57,67038,79],{"class":71},[57,67040,1793],{"class":75},[57,67042,316],{"class":71},[57,67044,67045,67047,67049,67051],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67046,102],{"class":101},[57,67048,105],{"class":71},[57,67050,66942],{"class":113},[57,67052,316],{"class":71},[20,67054,216],{},[48,67056,67057],{"className":50,"code":53724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67058,67059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67060,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67062,1785],{"class":71},[57,67064,3231],{"class":75},[57,67066,79],{"class":71},[57,67068,87],{"class":75},[57,67070,79],{"class":71},[57,67072,1793],{"class":75},[57,67074,79],{"class":71},[57,67076,2706],{"class":75},[57,67078,95],{"class":71},[943,67080,67082],{"id":67081},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67084,67085],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[48,67087,67089],{"className":50,"code":67088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67090,67091,67111,67129],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67092,67093,67095,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67094,66921],{"class":63},[57,67096,68],{"class":67},[57,67098,72],{"class":71},[57,67100,3231],{"class":75},[57,67102,79],{"class":71},[57,67104,87],{"class":75},[57,67106,79],{"class":71},[57,67108,1793],{"class":75},[57,67110,95],{"class":71},[57,67112,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67114,66942],{"class":63},[57,67116,620],{"class":71},[57,67118,54170],{"class":113},[57,67120,105],{"class":71},[57,67122,1561],{"class":75},[57,67124,79],{"class":71},[57,67126,2706],{"class":75},[57,67128,316],{"class":71},[57,67130,67131,67133,67135,67137],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67132,102],{"class":101},[57,67134,105],{"class":71},[57,67136,66942],{"class":113},[57,67138,316],{"class":71},[20,67140,216],{},[48,67142,67143],{"className":50,"code":53724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67144,67145],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67146,67147,67149,67151,67153,67155,67157,67159,67161,67163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67148,1785],{"class":71},[57,67150,3231],{"class":75},[57,67152,79],{"class":71},[57,67154,87],{"class":75},[57,67156,79],{"class":71},[57,67158,1793],{"class":75},[57,67160,79],{"class":71},[57,67162,2706],{"class":75},[57,67164,95],{"class":71},[943,67166,67168],{"id":67167},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67170,67171,67172,67174],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67173,54487],{}," places the item before that position.",[48,67176,67178],{"className":50,"code":67177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67179,67180,67212,67236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67181,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67183,36322],{"class":63},[57,67185,68],{"class":67},[57,67187,72],{"class":71},[57,67189,170],{"class":169},[57,67191,614],{"class":173},[57,67193,170],{"class":169},[57,67195,79],{"class":71},[57,67197,181],{"class":169},[57,67199,4993],{"class":173},[57,67201,170],{"class":169},[57,67203,79],{"class":71},[57,67205,181],{"class":169},[57,67207,18999],{"class":173},[57,67209,170],{"class":169},[57,67211,95],{"class":71},[57,67213,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67215,36375],{"class":63},[57,67217,620],{"class":71},[57,67219,54170],{"class":113},[57,67221,105],{"class":71},[57,67223,2277],{"class":67},[57,67225,3231],{"class":75},[57,67227,79],{"class":71},[57,67229,181],{"class":169},[57,67231,9966],{"class":173},[57,67233,170],{"class":169},[57,67235,316],{"class":71},[57,67237,67238,67240,67242,67244],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67239,102],{"class":101},[57,67241,105],{"class":71},[57,67243,36375],{"class":113},[57,67245,316],{"class":71},[20,67247,216],{},[48,67249,67251],{"className":50,"code":67250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67252,67253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67254,67255,67257,67259,67261,67263,67265,67267,67269,67271,67273,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67256,1785],{"class":71},[57,67258,3543],{"class":169},[57,67260,614],{"class":173},[57,67262,3543],{"class":169},[57,67264,79],{"class":71},[57,67266,3538],{"class":169},[57,67268,4993],{"class":173},[57,67270,3543],{"class":169},[57,67272,79],{"class":71},[57,67274,3538],{"class":169},[57,67276,9966],{"class":173},[57,67278,3543],{"class":169},[57,67280,79],{"class":71},[57,67282,3538],{"class":169},[57,67284,18999],{"class":173},[57,67286,3543],{"class":169},[57,67288,95],{"class":71},[20,67290,67291,67292,2554],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[614,67293,67294],{"href":51200},"Python lists beginner guide",[43,67296,67298,1682,67300],{"id":67297},"insert-vs-append",[15,67299,54487],{},[15,67301,52871],{},[20,67303,67304],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[943,67306,1806,67308,10828],{"id":67307},"use-insert-when",[15,67309,54487],{},[30,67311,67312,67315],{},[33,67313,67314],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[33,67316,67317],{},"The order of the list matters",[943,67319,1806,67321,10828],{"id":67320},"use-append-when",[15,67322,52871],{},[30,67324,67325,67328],{},[33,67326,67327],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[33,67329,67330],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67332,864],{},[48,67334,67336],{"className":50,"code":67335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67337,67338,67362,67366,67388,67398,67402,67420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67339,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352,67354,67356,67358,67360],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67341,1147],{"class":63},[57,67343,68],{"class":67},[57,67345,72],{"class":71},[57,67347,170],{"class":169},[57,67349,174],{"class":173},[57,67351,170],{"class":169},[57,67353,79],{"class":71},[57,67355,181],{"class":169},[57,67357,33451],{"class":173},[57,67359,170],{"class":169},[57,67361,95],{"class":71},[57,67363,67364],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67365,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,67367,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382,67384,67386],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67369,1199],{"class":63},[57,67371,620],{"class":71},[57,67373,54170],{"class":113},[57,67375,105],{"class":71},[57,67377,3231],{"class":75},[57,67379,79],{"class":71},[57,67381,181],{"class":169},[57,67383,184],{"class":173},[57,67385,170],{"class":169},[57,67387,316],{"class":71},[57,67389,67390,67392,67394,67396],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,67391,102],{"class":101},[57,67393,105],{"class":71},[57,67395,1199],{"class":113},[57,67397,316],{"class":71},[57,67399,67400],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,67401,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,67403,67404,67406,67408,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,67405,1199],{"class":63},[57,67407,620],{"class":71},[57,67409,13783],{"class":113},[57,67411,105],{"class":71},[57,67413,170],{"class":169},[57,67415,22763],{"class":173},[57,67417,170],{"class":169},[57,67419,316],{"class":71},[57,67421,67422,67424,67426,67428],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,67423,102],{"class":101},[57,67425,105],{"class":71},[57,67427,1199],{"class":113},[57,67429,316],{"class":71},[20,67431,216],{},[48,67433,67435],{"className":50,"code":67434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67436,67437,67465],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67438,67439,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67440,1785],{"class":71},[57,67442,3543],{"class":169},[57,67444,174],{"class":173},[57,67446,3543],{"class":169},[57,67448,79],{"class":71},[57,67450,3538],{"class":169},[57,67452,184],{"class":173},[57,67454,3543],{"class":169},[57,67456,79],{"class":71},[57,67458,3538],{"class":169},[57,67460,33451],{"class":173},[57,67462,3543],{"class":169},[57,67464,95],{"class":71},[57,67466,67467,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67468,1785],{"class":71},[57,67470,3543],{"class":169},[57,67472,174],{"class":173},[57,67474,3543],{"class":169},[57,67476,79],{"class":71},[57,67478,3538],{"class":169},[57,67480,184],{"class":173},[57,67482,3543],{"class":169},[57,67484,79],{"class":71},[57,67486,3538],{"class":169},[57,67488,33451],{"class":173},[57,67490,3543],{"class":169},[57,67492,79],{"class":71},[57,67494,3538],{"class":169},[57,67496,22763],{"class":173},[57,67498,3543],{"class":169},[57,67500,95],{"class":71},[20,67502,67503,67504,620],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[614,67505,55739,67506,10968],{"href":56988},[15,67507,52871],{},[20,67509,67510,67511,620],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[614,67512,53268],{"href":53267},[43,67514,4751],{"id":4750},[20,67516,14964,67517,620],{},[15,67518,54487],{},[943,67520,12823,67522],{"id":67521},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67523,54487],{},[20,67525,25921],{},[48,67527,67529],{"className":50,"code":67528,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67530,67531,67551,67573,67577,67587],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67532,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67534,64],{"class":63},[57,67536,68],{"class":67},[57,67538,72],{"class":71},[57,67540,3231],{"class":75},[57,67542,79],{"class":71},[57,67544,87],{"class":75},[57,67546,79],{"class":71},[57,67548,1793],{"class":75},[57,67550,95],{"class":71},[57,67552,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67554,1336],{"class":63},[57,67556,68],{"class":67},[57,67558,4495],{"class":63},[57,67560,620],{"class":71},[57,67562,54170],{"class":113},[57,67564,105],{"class":71},[57,67566,3231],{"class":75},[57,67568,79],{"class":71},[57,67570,10424],{"class":75},[57,67572,316],{"class":71},[57,67574,67575],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67576,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,67578,67579,67581,67583,67585],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,67580,102],{"class":101},[57,67582,105],{"class":71},[57,67584,1368],{"class":113},[57,67586,316],{"class":71},[57,67588,67589,67591,67593,67595],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,67590,102],{"class":101},[57,67592,105],{"class":71},[57,67594,114],{"class":113},[57,67596,316],{"class":71},[20,67598,216],{},[48,67600,67602],{"className":50,"code":67601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67603,67604,67608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67605,67606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67607,12037],{"class":1523},[57,67609,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67611,1785],{"class":71},[57,67613,3231],{"class":75},[57,67615,79],{"class":71},[57,67617,10424],{"class":75},[57,67619,79],{"class":71},[57,67621,87],{"class":75},[57,67623,79],{"class":71},[57,67625,1793],{"class":75},[57,67627,95],{"class":71},[20,67629,67630,54372,67632,620],{},[15,67631,54487],{},[15,67633,1524],{},[20,67635,16873],{},[48,67637,67639],{"className":50,"code":67638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67640,67641],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67642,67643,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659,67661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67644,56109],{"class":63},[57,67646,68],{"class":67},[57,67648,4495],{"class":63},[57,67650,620],{"class":71},[57,67652,54170],{"class":113},[57,67654,105],{"class":71},[57,67656,3231],{"class":75},[57,67658,79],{"class":71},[57,67660,10424],{"class":75},[57,67662,316],{"class":71},[20,67664,67665],{},"Right:",[48,67667,67669],{"className":50,"code":67668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67670,67671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67672,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685,67687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67674,114],{"class":63},[57,67676,620],{"class":71},[57,67678,54170],{"class":113},[57,67680,105],{"class":71},[57,67682,3231],{"class":75},[57,67684,79],{"class":71},[57,67686,10424],{"class":75},[57,67688,316],{"class":71},[943,67690,67692],{"id":67691},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67694,67695],{},"The correct order is:",[48,67697,67698],{"className":50,"code":66551,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67699,67700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67701,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67703,8567],{"class":63},[57,67705,620],{"class":71},[57,67707,54170],{"class":113},[57,67709,105],{"class":71},[57,67711,36077],{"class":113},[57,67713,79],{"class":71},[57,67715,29738],{"class":113},[57,67717,316],{"class":71},[20,67719,67720],{},"Not:",[48,67722,67724],{"className":50,"code":67723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67725,67726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67727,67728,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67729,8567],{"class":63},[57,67731,620],{"class":71},[57,67733,54170],{"class":113},[57,67735,105],{"class":71},[57,67737,23541],{"class":113},[57,67739,79],{"class":71},[57,67741,36052],{"class":113},[57,67743,316],{"class":71},[20,67745,864],{},[48,67747,67748],{"className":50,"code":66593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67749,67750,67774,67796],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67751,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67753,36322],{"class":63},[57,67755,68],{"class":67},[57,67757,72],{"class":71},[57,67759,170],{"class":169},[57,67761,614],{"class":173},[57,67763,170],{"class":169},[57,67765,79],{"class":71},[57,67767,181],{"class":169},[57,67769,9966],{"class":173},[57,67771,170],{"class":169},[57,67773,95],{"class":71},[57,67775,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67777,36375],{"class":63},[57,67779,620],{"class":71},[57,67781,54170],{"class":113},[57,67783,105],{"class":71},[57,67785,3231],{"class":75},[57,67787,79],{"class":71},[57,67789,181],{"class":169},[57,67791,4993],{"class":173},[57,67793,170],{"class":169},[57,67795,316],{"class":71},[57,67797,67798,67800,67802,67804],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67799,102],{"class":101},[57,67801,105],{"class":71},[57,67803,36375],{"class":113},[57,67805,316],{"class":71},[20,67807,216],{},[48,67809,67810],{"className":50,"code":43100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,67811,67812],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67813,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836,67838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67815,1785],{"class":71},[57,67817,3543],{"class":169},[57,67819,614],{"class":173},[57,67821,3543],{"class":169},[57,67823,79],{"class":71},[57,67825,3538],{"class":169},[57,67827,4993],{"class":173},[57,67829,3543],{"class":169},[57,67831,79],{"class":71},[57,67833,3538],{"class":169},[57,67835,9966],{"class":173},[57,67837,3543],{"class":169},[57,67839,95],{"class":71},[943,67841,1848,67843,67845],{"id":67842},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67844,54487],{}," to replace an item",[20,67847,67848,67850],{},[15,67849,54487],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[48,67852,67854],{"className":50,"code":67853,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67855,67856,67876,67894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67857,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872,67874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67859,64],{"class":63},[57,67861,68],{"class":67},[57,67863,72],{"class":71},[57,67865,3231],{"class":75},[57,67867,79],{"class":71},[57,67869,87],{"class":75},[57,67871,79],{"class":71},[57,67873,1793],{"class":75},[57,67875,95],{"class":71},[57,67877,67878,67880,67882,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67879,114],{"class":63},[57,67881,620],{"class":71},[57,67883,54170],{"class":113},[57,67885,105],{"class":71},[57,67887,3231],{"class":75},[57,67889,79],{"class":71},[57,67891,10424],{"class":75},[57,67893,316],{"class":71},[57,67895,67896,67898,67900,67902],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67897,102],{"class":101},[57,67899,105],{"class":71},[57,67901,114],{"class":113},[57,67903,316],{"class":71},[20,67905,216],{},[48,67907,67909],{"className":50,"code":67908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67910,67911],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67912,67913,67915,67917,67919,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67914,1785],{"class":71},[57,67916,3231],{"class":75},[57,67918,79],{"class":71},[57,67920,10424],{"class":75},[57,67922,79],{"class":71},[57,67924,87],{"class":75},[57,67926,79],{"class":71},[57,67928,1793],{"class":75},[57,67930,95],{"class":71},[20,67932,67933],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[48,67935,67937],{"className":50,"code":67936,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67938,67939,67959,67973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67940,67941,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953,67955,67957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67942,64],{"class":63},[57,67944,68],{"class":67},[57,67946,72],{"class":71},[57,67948,3231],{"class":75},[57,67950,79],{"class":71},[57,67952,87],{"class":75},[57,67954,79],{"class":71},[57,67956,1793],{"class":75},[57,67958,95],{"class":71},[57,67960,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,67962,114],{"class":63},[57,67964,1785],{"class":71},[57,67966,3231],{"class":75},[57,67968,13504],{"class":71},[57,67970,13507],{"class":67},[57,67972,14361],{"class":75},[57,67974,67975,67977,67979,67981],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,67976,102],{"class":101},[57,67978,105],{"class":71},[57,67980,114],{"class":113},[57,67982,316],{"class":71},[20,67984,216],{},[48,67986,67988],{"className":50,"code":67987,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67989,67990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,67991,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,67993,1785],{"class":71},[57,67995,3231],{"class":75},[57,67997,79],{"class":71},[57,67999,10424],{"class":75},[57,68001,79],{"class":71},[57,68003,1793],{"class":75},[57,68005,95],{"class":71},[943,68007,68009],{"id":68008},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,68011,68012,68014],{},[15,68013,54487],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,68016,68017],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[48,68019,68021],{"className":50,"code":68020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,68022,68023,68039,68063],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68026,64],{"class":63},[57,68028,68],{"class":67},[57,68030,72],{"class":71},[57,68032,3231],{"class":75},[57,68034,79],{"class":71},[57,68036,2706],{"class":75},[57,68038,95],{"class":71},[57,68040,68041,68043,68045,68047,68049,68051,68053,68055,68057,68059,68061],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68042,114],{"class":63},[57,68044,620],{"class":71},[57,68046,54170],{"class":113},[57,68048,105],{"class":71},[57,68050,3231],{"class":75},[57,68052,79],{"class":71},[57,68054,72],{"class":71},[57,68056,1788],{"class":75},[57,68058,79],{"class":71},[57,68060,1793],{"class":75},[57,68062,1975],{"class":71},[57,68064,68065,68067,68069,68071],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,68066,102],{"class":101},[57,68068,105],{"class":71},[57,68070,114],{"class":113},[57,68072,316],{"class":71},[20,68074,216],{},[48,68076,68078],{"className":50,"code":68077,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68079,68080],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68081,68082,68084,68086,68088,68090,68092,68094,68096,68098,68100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68083,1785],{"class":71},[57,68085,3231],{"class":75},[57,68087,79],{"class":71},[57,68089,72],{"class":71},[57,68091,1788],{"class":75},[57,68093,79],{"class":71},[57,68095,1793],{"class":75},[57,68097,18293],{"class":71},[57,68099,2706],{"class":75},[57,68101,95],{"class":71},[20,68103,68104,68105,620],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[614,68106,55739,68107,10968],{"href":53563},[15,68108,53665],{},[943,68110,68112],{"id":68111},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68114,9103,68115,68117],{},[15,68116,54487],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[48,68119,68121],{"className":50,"code":68120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68122,68123,68133,68147,68165,68179],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68124,68125,68127,68129,68131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68126,102],{"class":101},[57,68128,105],{"class":71},[57,68130,8567],{"class":113},[57,68132,316],{"class":71},[57,68134,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68136,102],{"class":101},[57,68138,105],{"class":71},[57,68140,1007],{"class":101},[57,68142,105],{"class":71},[57,68144,8567],{"class":113},[57,68146,117],{"class":71},[57,68148,68149,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,68150,102],{"class":101},[57,68152,105],{"class":71},[57,68154,8567],{"class":113},[57,68156,620],{"class":71},[57,68158,54170],{"class":1108},[57,68160,620],{"class":71},[57,68162,34676],{"class":34683},[57,68164,316],{"class":71},[57,68166,68167,68169,68171,68173,68175,68177],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,68168,32382],{"class":101},[57,68170,105],{"class":71},[57,68172,8321],{"class":1102},[57,68174,620],{"class":71},[57,68176,54170],{"class":1108},[57,68178,316],{"class":71},[57,68180,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,68182,1886],{"class":1102},[57,68184,105],{"class":71},[57,68186,8567],{"class":113},[57,68188,316],{"class":71},[20,68190,68191],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[30,68193,68194,68197,68200,68203],{},[33,68195,68196],{},"What is currently in the list",[33,68198,68199],{},"How long the list is",[33,68201,68202],{},"That you are working with a real list",[33,68204,68205],{},"How Python describes the method",[43,68207,5194,68209],{"id":68208},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68210,54487],{},[20,68212,1806,68213,68215],{},[15,68214,54487],{}," when position matters.",[20,68217,36658],{},[30,68219,68220,68223,68226,68229],{},[33,68221,68222],{},"Ordered menus",[33,68224,68225],{},"Rankings or score lists",[33,68227,68228],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[33,68230,68231],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68233,68234,68235,68237,68238,68240,68241,68243],{},"You usually do ",[1399,68236,1401],{}," need ",[15,68239,54487],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68242,52871],{}," is simpler.",[20,68245,68246,68247,620],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[614,68248,57374],{"href":57373},[43,68250,2011],{"id":2010},[943,68252,12933,68254,55688],{"id":68253},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68255,54130],{},[20,68257,68258,68259,620],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68260,1524],{},[943,68262,68264],{"id":68263},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68266,68267],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[943,68269,2025,68271,68273],{"id":68270},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68272,54130],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68275,68276,68277,68279],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68278,53665],{}," or slicing.",[943,68281,2119,68283,1242,68285,2053],{"id":68282},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68284,54487],{},[15,68286,52871],{},[20,68288,68289,68291,68292,68294],{},[15,68290,54487],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68293,52871],{}," adds only at the end.",[43,68296,2135],{"id":2134},[30,68298,68299,68305,68311,68315,68319,68323],{},[33,68300,68301],{},[614,68302,55739,68303,10968],{"href":56988},[15,68304,52871],{},[33,68306,68307],{},[614,68308,55739,68309,10968],{"href":53563},[15,68310,53665],{},[33,68312,68313],{},[614,68314,54497],{"href":53267},[33,68316,68317],{},[614,68318,52990],{"href":51200},[33,68320,68321],{},[614,68322,57448],{"href":57373},[33,68324,68325],{},[614,68326,30577,68327,33863],{"href":54515},[15,68328,68329],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2172,68331,68332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":68334},[68335,68337,68338,68339,68345,68352,68361,68363,68372],{"id":66520,"depth":98,"text":68336},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5661,"depth":98,"text":5662},{"id":6017,"depth":98,"text":6018},{"id":66892,"depth":98,"text":66893,"children":68340},[68341,68342,68343,68344],{"id":66904,"depth":120,"text":66905},{"id":66995,"depth":120,"text":66996},{"id":67081,"depth":120,"text":67082},{"id":67167,"depth":120,"text":67168},{"id":67297,"depth":98,"text":68346,"children":68347},"insert() vs append()",[68348,68350],{"id":67307,"depth":120,"text":68349},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67320,"depth":120,"text":68351},"Use append() when:",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":68353},[68354,68356,68357,68359,68360],{"id":67521,"depth":120,"text":68355},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67691,"depth":120,"text":67692},{"id":67842,"depth":120,"text":68358},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":68008,"depth":120,"text":68009},{"id":68111,"depth":120,"text":68112},{"id":68208,"depth":98,"text":68362},"When to use insert()",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":68364},[68365,68367,68368,68370],{"id":68253,"depth":120,"text":68366},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68263,"depth":120,"text":68264},{"id":68270,"depth":120,"text":68369},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68282,"depth":120,"text":68371},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66430,"description":68373},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68380,"title":68381,"body":68382,"description":69934,"extension":2219,"meta":69935,"navigation":123,"path":59190,"seo":69936,"stem":69937,"__hash__":69938},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68383,"toc":69907},[68384,68390,68399,68448,68450,68458,68464,68466,68484,68490,68495,68498,68500,68515,68517,68568,68570,68578,68586,68593,68595,68601,68666,68668,68676,68678,68697,68700,68751,68755,68760,68787,68789,68797,68800,68869,68871,68886,68892,68896,68905,68908,68963,68965,68973,68976,68978,69023,69025,69033,69039,69041,69049,69052,69054,69093,69095,69134,69139,69141,69143,69178,69181,69183,69221,69225,69231,69233,69284,69286,69294,69301,69304,69325,69328,69383,69394,69396,69457,69459,69468,69475,69481,69484,69487,69544,69547,69560,69566,69572,69578,69580,69593,69596,69693,69695,69712,69715,69797,69799,69821,69828,69834,69836,69840,69846,69852,69857,69861,69864,69870,69877,69879,69904],[10,68385,68387,68388,1959],{"id":68386},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68389,1007],{},[20,68391,68392,68393,68395,68396,68398],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68394,1033],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68397,1033],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[48,68400,68402],{"className":50,"code":68401,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68403,68404,68424,68438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68405,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68407,64],{"class":63},[57,68409,68],{"class":67},[57,68411,72],{"class":71},[57,68413,1561],{"class":75},[57,68415,79],{"class":71},[57,68417,1617],{"class":75},[57,68419,79],{"class":71},[57,68421,1575],{"class":75},[57,68423,95],{"class":71},[57,68425,68426,68428,68430,68432,68434,68436],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68427,41468],{"class":63},[57,68429,68],{"class":67},[57,68431,1217],{"class":101},[57,68433,105],{"class":71},[57,68435,114],{"class":113},[57,68437,316],{"class":71},[57,68439,68440,68442,68444,68446],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,68441,102],{"class":101},[57,68443,105],{"class":71},[57,68445,41486],{"class":113},[57,68447,316],{"class":71},[20,68449,216],{},[48,68451,68452],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68453,68454],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68455,68456],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68457,46841],{"class":75},[20,68459,1806,68460,68463],{},[15,68461,68462],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[43,68465,15393],{"id":15392},[30,68467,68468,68473,68478,68481],{},[33,68469,4430,68470,68472],{},[15,68471,1033],{}," works with Python lists",[33,68474,68475,68476,11934],{},"What value ",[15,68477,1033],{},[33,68479,68480],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[33,68482,68483],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[43,68485,262,68487,68489],{"id":68486},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68488,1033],{}," returns for a list",[20,68491,68492,65304],{},[15,68493,68494],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68496,68497],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68499,843],{},[30,68501,68502,68505,68510],{},[33,68503,68504],{},"It counts list items",[33,68506,1397,68507,68509],{},[1399,68508,1401],{}," count characters inside a string item",[33,68511,68512,68513],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68514,1294],{},[20,68516,864],{},[48,68518,68520],{"className":50,"code":68519,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68521,68522,68554],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68523,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68525,162],{"class":63},[57,68527,68],{"class":67},[57,68529,72],{"class":71},[57,68531,170],{"class":169},[57,68533,964],{"class":173},[57,68535,170],{"class":169},[57,68537,79],{"class":71},[57,68539,181],{"class":169},[57,68541,973],{"class":173},[57,68543,170],{"class":169},[57,68545,79],{"class":71},[57,68547,181],{"class":169},[57,68549,982],{"class":173},[57,68551,170],{"class":169},[57,68553,95],{"class":71},[57,68555,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68557,102],{"class":101},[57,68559,105],{"class":71},[57,68561,1007],{"class":101},[57,68563,105],{"class":71},[57,68565,211],{"class":113},[57,68567,117],{"class":71},[20,68569,216],{},[48,68571,68572],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68573,68574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68575,68576],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68577,46841],{"class":75},[20,68579,21208,68580,68583,68584,65311],{},[15,68581,68582],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[1399,68585,52875],{},[20,68587,68588,68589,620],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[614,68590,13,68591,2144],{"href":1037},[15,68592,1033],{},[43,68594,6018],{"id":6017},[20,68596,68597,68598,68600],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68599,1033],{},", and print the result.",[48,68602,68604],{"className":50,"code":68603,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68605,68606,68638,68652,68656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68607,68608,68610,68612,68614,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68609,13306],{"class":63},[57,68611,68],{"class":67},[57,68613,72],{"class":71},[57,68615,170],{"class":169},[57,68617,13323],{"class":173},[57,68619,170],{"class":169},[57,68621,79],{"class":71},[57,68623,181],{"class":169},[57,68625,17686],{"class":173},[57,68627,170],{"class":169},[57,68629,79],{"class":71},[57,68631,181],{"class":169},[57,68633,13340],{"class":173},[57,68635,170],{"class":169},[57,68637,95],{"class":71},[57,68639,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68641,41468],{"class":63},[57,68643,68],{"class":67},[57,68645,1217],{"class":101},[57,68647,105],{"class":71},[57,68649,17733],{"class":113},[57,68651,316],{"class":71},[57,68653,68654],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,68655,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,68657,68658,68660,68662,68664],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,68659,102],{"class":101},[57,68661,105],{"class":71},[57,68663,41486],{"class":113},[57,68665,316],{"class":71},[20,68667,216],{},[48,68669,68670],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68671,68672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68673,68674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68675,46841],{"class":75},[20,68677,11912],{},[30,68679,68680,68685,68692],{},[33,68681,68682,68684],{},[15,68683,17733],{}," is a list with 3 items",[33,68686,68687,2646,68690],{},[15,68688,68689],{},"len(colors)",[15,68691,76],{},[33,68693,68694,68695],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68696,41486],{},[20,68698,68699],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[48,68701,68703],{"className":50,"code":68702,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68704,68705,68737],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68706,68707,68709,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68708,13306],{"class":63},[57,68710,68],{"class":67},[57,68712,72],{"class":71},[57,68714,170],{"class":169},[57,68716,13323],{"class":173},[57,68718,170],{"class":169},[57,68720,79],{"class":71},[57,68722,181],{"class":169},[57,68724,17686],{"class":173},[57,68726,170],{"class":169},[57,68728,79],{"class":71},[57,68730,181],{"class":169},[57,68732,13340],{"class":173},[57,68734,170],{"class":169},[57,68736,95],{"class":71},[57,68738,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68740,102],{"class":101},[57,68742,105],{"class":71},[57,68744,1007],{"class":101},[57,68746,105],{"class":71},[57,68748,17733],{"class":113},[57,68750,117],{"class":71},[43,68752,68754],{"id":68753},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68756,68757,68758,620],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68759,1294],{},[48,68761,68763],{"className":50,"code":68762,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68764,68765,68773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68766,68767,68769,68771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68768,1147],{"class":63},[57,68770,68],{"class":67},[57,68772,1273],{"class":71},[57,68774,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68776,102],{"class":101},[57,68778,105],{"class":71},[57,68780,1007],{"class":101},[57,68782,105],{"class":71},[57,68784,1199],{"class":113},[57,68786,117],{"class":71},[20,68788,216],{},[48,68790,68791],{"className":50,"code":1301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68792,68793],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68794,68795],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68796,1301],{"class":75},[20,68798,68799],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[48,68801,68803],{"className":50,"code":68802,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68804,68805,68813,68817,68835,68849,68855],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68806,68807,68809,68811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68808,1147],{"class":63},[57,68810,68],{"class":67},[57,68812,1273],{"class":71},[57,68814,68815],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68816,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,68818,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,68820,7228],{"class":1962},[57,68822,1217],{"class":101},[57,68824,105],{"class":71},[57,68826,1199],{"class":113},[57,68828,1959],{"class":71},[57,68830,38624],{"class":67},[57,68832,4072],{"class":75},[57,68834,6623],{"class":71},[57,68836,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,68838,8296],{"class":101},[57,68840,105],{"class":71},[57,68842,1199],{"class":113},[57,68844,1785],{"class":71},[57,68846,1294],{"class":75},[57,68848,1975],{"class":71},[57,68850,68851,68853],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,68852,27664],{"class":1962},[57,68854,6623],{"class":71},[57,68856,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,68858,8296],{"class":101},[57,68860,105],{"class":71},[57,68862,170],{"class":169},[57,68864,52036],{"class":173},[57,68866,170],{"class":169},[57,68868,316],{"class":71},[20,68870,216],{},[48,68872,68874],{"className":50,"code":68873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The list is empty\n",[15,68875,68876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68877,68878,68880,68882,68884],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68879,935],{"class":63},[57,68881,8321],{"class":1102},[57,68883,8324],{"class":67},[57,68885,8330],{"class":63},[20,68887,68888,68889,68891],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[614,68890,52990],{"href":51200}," is a good next step.",[43,68893,68895],{"id":68894},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68897,68898,68900,68901,68904],{},[15,68899,1033],{}," counts only the ",[1399,68902,68903],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68906,68907],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[48,68909,68911],{"className":50,"code":68910,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68912,68913,68949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68914,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68916,9393],{"class":63},[57,68918,68],{"class":67},[57,68920,56513],{"class":71},[57,68922,3231],{"class":75},[57,68924,79],{"class":71},[57,68926,87],{"class":75},[57,68928,18293],{"class":71},[57,68930,72],{"class":71},[57,68932,76],{"class":75},[57,68934,79],{"class":71},[57,68936,2706],{"class":75},[57,68938,18293],{"class":71},[57,68940,72],{"class":71},[57,68942,2389],{"class":75},[57,68944,79],{"class":71},[57,68946,37874],{"class":75},[57,68948,53461],{"class":71},[57,68950,68951,68953,68955,68957,68959,68961],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,68952,102],{"class":101},[57,68954,105],{"class":71},[57,68956,1007],{"class":101},[57,68958,105],{"class":71},[57,68960,9431],{"class":113},[57,68962,117],{"class":71},[20,68964,216],{},[48,68966,68967],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,68968,68969],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68970,68971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68972,46841],{"class":75},[20,68974,68975],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68977,546],{},[48,68979,68981],{"className":50,"code":68980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68982,68983,69009],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,68984,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,68986,59690],{"class":63},[57,68988,68],{"class":67},[57,68990,72],{"class":71},[57,68992,3231],{"class":75},[57,68994,79],{"class":71},[57,68996,72],{"class":71},[57,68998,1788],{"class":75},[57,69000,79],{"class":71},[57,69002,1793],{"class":75},[57,69004,18293],{"class":71},[57,69006,2706],{"class":75},[57,69008,95],{"class":71},[57,69010,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69012,102],{"class":101},[57,69014,105],{"class":71},[57,69016,1007],{"class":101},[57,69018,105],{"class":71},[57,69020,59743],{"class":113},[57,69022,117],{"class":71},[20,69024,216],{},[48,69026,69027],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69028,69029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69030,69031],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69032,46841],{"class":75},[20,69034,21208,69035,69038],{},[15,69036,69037],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[43,69040,4751],{"id":4750},[943,69042,443,69044,11320,69047],{"id":69043},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,69045,69046],{},"my_list.len()",[15,69048,68494],{},[20,69050,69051],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,69053,16873],{},[48,69055,69057],{"className":50,"code":69056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69058,69059,69079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69060,69061,69063,69065,69067,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69062,64],{"class":63},[57,69064,68],{"class":67},[57,69066,72],{"class":71},[57,69068,1561],{"class":75},[57,69070,79],{"class":71},[57,69072,1617],{"class":75},[57,69074,79],{"class":71},[57,69076,1575],{"class":75},[57,69078,95],{"class":71},[57,69080,69081,69083,69085,69087,69089,69091],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69082,102],{"class":101},[57,69084,105],{"class":71},[57,69086,114],{"class":113},[57,69088,620],{"class":71},[57,69090,1007],{"class":113},[57,69092,1671],{"class":71},[20,69094,16885],{},[48,69096,69098],{"className":50,"code":69097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69099,69100,69120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69101,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69103,64],{"class":63},[57,69105,68],{"class":67},[57,69107,72],{"class":71},[57,69109,1561],{"class":75},[57,69111,79],{"class":71},[57,69113,1617],{"class":75},[57,69115,79],{"class":71},[57,69117,1575],{"class":75},[57,69119,95],{"class":71},[57,69121,69122,69124,69126,69128,69130,69132],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69123,102],{"class":101},[57,69125,105],{"class":71},[57,69127,1007],{"class":101},[57,69129,105],{"class":71},[57,69131,114],{"class":113},[57,69133,117],{"class":71},[20,69135,69136,69138],{},[15,69137,1033],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[943,69140,25918],{"id":25917},[20,69142,16873],{},[48,69144,69146],{"className":50,"code":69145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69147,69148,69168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69149,69150,69152,69154,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69151,64],{"class":63},[57,69153,68],{"class":67},[57,69155,72],{"class":71},[57,69157,1561],{"class":75},[57,69159,79],{"class":71},[57,69161,1617],{"class":75},[57,69163,79],{"class":71},[57,69165,1575],{"class":75},[57,69167,95],{"class":71},[57,69169,69170,69172,69174,69176],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69171,102],{"class":101},[57,69173,105],{"class":71},[57,69175,1007],{"class":101},[57,69177,316],{"class":71},[20,69179,69180],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69182,16885],{},[48,69184,69185],{"className":50,"code":69097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69186,69187,69207],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69188,69189,69191,69193,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69190,64],{"class":63},[57,69192,68],{"class":67},[57,69194,72],{"class":71},[57,69196,1561],{"class":75},[57,69198,79],{"class":71},[57,69200,1617],{"class":75},[57,69202,79],{"class":71},[57,69204,1575],{"class":75},[57,69206,95],{"class":71},[57,69208,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69210,102],{"class":101},[57,69212,105],{"class":71},[57,69214,1007],{"class":101},[57,69216,105],{"class":71},[57,69218,114],{"class":113},[57,69220,117],{"class":71},[943,69222,69224],{"id":69223},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69226,69227,69228,69230],{},"The length of a list is ",[1399,69229,1401],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69232,864],{},[48,69234,69236],{"className":50,"code":69235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69237,69238,69270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69239,69240,69242,69244,69246,69248,69250,69252,69254,69256,69258,69260,69262,69264,69266,69268],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69241,36322],{"class":63},[57,69243,68],{"class":67},[57,69245,72],{"class":71},[57,69247,170],{"class":169},[57,69249,614],{"class":173},[57,69251,170],{"class":169},[57,69253,79],{"class":71},[57,69255,181],{"class":169},[57,69257,4993],{"class":173},[57,69259,170],{"class":169},[57,69261,79],{"class":71},[57,69263,181],{"class":169},[57,69265,9966],{"class":173},[57,69267,170],{"class":169},[57,69269,95],{"class":71},[57,69271,69272,69274,69276,69278,69280,69282],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69273,102],{"class":101},[57,69275,105],{"class":71},[57,69277,1007],{"class":101},[57,69279,105],{"class":71},[57,69281,36375],{"class":113},[57,69283,117],{"class":71},[20,69285,216],{},[48,69287,69288],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69289,69290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69291,69292],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69293,46841],{"class":75},[20,69295,69296,69297,19195,69299,620],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69298,1788],{},[15,69300,76],{},[20,69302,69303],{},"Indexes are:",[30,69305,69306,69313,69319],{},[33,69307,69308,69310,69311],{},[15,69309,1294],{}," for ",[15,69312,18327],{},[33,69314,69315,69310,69317],{},[15,69316,3231],{},[15,69318,65813],{},[33,69320,69321,69310,69323],{},[15,69322,1788],{},[15,69324,66698],{},[20,69326,69327],{},"So this causes an error:",[48,69329,69331],{"className":50,"code":69330,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69332,69333,69365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69334,69335,69337,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69336,36322],{"class":63},[57,69338,68],{"class":67},[57,69340,72],{"class":71},[57,69342,170],{"class":169},[57,69344,614],{"class":173},[57,69346,170],{"class":169},[57,69348,79],{"class":71},[57,69350,181],{"class":169},[57,69352,4993],{"class":173},[57,69354,170],{"class":169},[57,69356,79],{"class":71},[57,69358,181],{"class":169},[57,69360,9966],{"class":173},[57,69362,170],{"class":169},[57,69364,95],{"class":71},[57,69366,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375,69377,69379,69381],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69368,102],{"class":101},[57,69370,105],{"class":71},[57,69372,36375],{"class":113},[57,69374,1785],{"class":71},[57,69376,1007],{"class":101},[57,69378,105],{"class":71},[57,69380,36375],{"class":113},[57,69382,10906],{"class":71},[20,69384,8723,69385,5016,69388,69390,69391,69393],{},[15,69386,69387],{},"len(letters)",[15,69389,76],{},", and index ",[15,69392,76],{}," does not exist.",[20,69395,19072],{},[48,69397,69399],{"className":50,"code":69398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69400,69401,69433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69402,69403,69405,69407,69409,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69404,36322],{"class":63},[57,69406,68],{"class":67},[57,69408,72],{"class":71},[57,69410,170],{"class":169},[57,69412,614],{"class":173},[57,69414,170],{"class":169},[57,69416,79],{"class":71},[57,69418,181],{"class":169},[57,69420,4993],{"class":173},[57,69422,170],{"class":169},[57,69424,79],{"class":71},[57,69426,181],{"class":169},[57,69428,9966],{"class":173},[57,69430,170],{"class":169},[57,69432,95],{"class":71},[57,69434,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69436,102],{"class":101},[57,69438,105],{"class":71},[57,69440,36375],{"class":113},[57,69442,1785],{"class":71},[57,69444,1007],{"class":101},[57,69446,105],{"class":71},[57,69448,36375],{"class":113},[57,69450,1959],{"class":71},[57,69452,2474],{"class":67},[57,69454,5729],{"class":75},[57,69456,1975],{"class":71},[20,69458,216],{},[48,69460,69462],{"className":50,"code":69461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"c\n",[15,69463,69464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69465,69466],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69467,69461],{"class":63},[20,69469,69470,69471,620],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[614,69472,69474],{"href":69473},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[943,69476,443,69478,69480],{"id":69477},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69479,1033],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69482,69483],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69485,69486],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[48,69488,69490],{"className":50,"code":69489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69491,69492,69502,69516,69530],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69493,69494,69496,69498,69500],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69495,102],{"class":101},[57,69497,105],{"class":71},[57,69499,8567],{"class":113},[57,69501,316],{"class":71},[57,69503,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69505,102],{"class":101},[57,69507,105],{"class":71},[57,69509,1007],{"class":101},[57,69511,105],{"class":71},[57,69513,8567],{"class":113},[57,69515,117],{"class":71},[57,69517,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,69519,102],{"class":101},[57,69521,105],{"class":71},[57,69523,1886],{"class":1102},[57,69525,105],{"class":71},[57,69527,8567],{"class":113},[57,69529,117],{"class":71},[57,69531,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,69533,102],{"class":101},[57,69535,105],{"class":71},[57,69537,8567],{"class":113},[57,69539,1785],{"class":71},[57,69541,1294],{"class":75},[57,69543,1975],{"class":71},[20,69545,69546],{},"These help you verify:",[30,69548,69549,69552,69554,69557],{},[33,69550,69551],{},"what the variable contains",[33,69553,61002],{},[33,69555,69556],{},"whether it is really a list",[33,69558,69559],{},"what the first item is",[20,69561,2000,69562,69565],{},[15,69563,69564],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[43,69567,5194,69569,69571],{"id":69568},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69570,1033],{}," with lists",[20,69573,69574,69575,69577],{},"You will often use ",[15,69576,1033],{}," in real programs.",[20,69579,9601],{},[30,69581,69582,69584,69587,69590],{},[33,69583,51990],{},[33,69585,69586],{},"Control loops",[33,69588,69589],{},"Validate input or results",[33,69591,69592],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69594,69595],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[48,69597,69599],{"className":50,"code":69598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69600,69601,69621,69637,69641,69655,69669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69602,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615,69617,69619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69604,686],{"class":63},[57,69606,68],{"class":67},[57,69608,72],{"class":71},[57,69610,3231],{"class":75},[57,69612,79],{"class":71},[57,69614,87],{"class":75},[57,69616,79],{"class":71},[57,69618,1793],{"class":75},[57,69620,95],{"class":71},[57,69622,69623,69625,69627,69629,69631,69633,69635],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69624,696],{"class":63},[57,69626,68],{"class":67},[57,69628,72],{"class":71},[57,69630,1561],{"class":75},[57,69632,79],{"class":71},[57,69634,1617],{"class":75},[57,69636,95],{"class":71},[57,69638,69639],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,69640,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,69642,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,69644,102],{"class":101},[57,69646,105],{"class":71},[57,69648,1007],{"class":101},[57,69650,105],{"class":71},[57,69652,614],{"class":113},[57,69654,117],{"class":71},[57,69656,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,69658,102],{"class":101},[57,69660,105],{"class":71},[57,69662,1007],{"class":101},[57,69664,105],{"class":71},[57,69666,4993],{"class":113},[57,69668,117],{"class":71},[57,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,69672,102],{"class":101},[57,69674,105],{"class":71},[57,69676,1007],{"class":101},[57,69678,105],{"class":71},[57,69680,614],{"class":113},[57,69682,1959],{"class":71},[57,69684,38624],{"class":67},[57,69686,1217],{"class":101},[57,69688,105],{"class":71},[57,69690,4993],{"class":113},[57,69692,117],{"class":71},[20,69694,216],{},[48,69696,69698],{"className":50,"code":69697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69699,69700,69704,69708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69701,69702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69703,46841],{"class":75},[57,69705,69706],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69707,17286],{"class":75},[57,69709,69710],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,69711,4214],{"class":1523},[20,69713,69714],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[48,69716,69718],{"className":50,"code":69717,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69719,69720,69752,69756,69778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69721,69722,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732,69734,69736,69738,69740,69742,69744,69746,69748,69750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69723,5228],{"class":63},[57,69725,68],{"class":67},[57,69727,72],{"class":71},[57,69729,170],{"class":169},[57,69731,13110],{"class":173},[57,69733,170],{"class":169},[57,69735,79],{"class":71},[57,69737,181],{"class":169},[57,69739,36172],{"class":173},[57,69741,170],{"class":169},[57,69743,79],{"class":71},[57,69745,181],{"class":169},[57,69747,36181],{"class":173},[57,69749,170],{"class":169},[57,69751,95],{"class":71},[57,69753,69754],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69755,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,69757,69758,69760,69763,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,69759,6189],{"class":1962},[57,69761,69762],{"class":63}," i ",[57,69764,1969],{"class":1962},[57,69766,54289],{"class":101},[57,69768,105],{"class":71},[57,69770,1007],{"class":101},[57,69772,105],{"class":71},[57,69774,5272],{"class":113},[57,69776,69777],{"class":71},")):\n",[57,69779,69780,69782,69784,69786,69788,69791,69793,69795],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,69781,8296],{"class":101},[57,69783,105],{"class":71},[57,69785,36386],{"class":113},[57,69787,79],{"class":71},[57,69789,69790],{"class":113}," names",[57,69792,1785],{"class":71},[57,69794,36386],{"class":113},[57,69796,1975],{"class":71},[20,69798,216],{},[48,69800,69801],{"className":50,"code":36230,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,69802,69803,69809,69815],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69804,69805,69807],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69806,1294],{"class":75},[57,69808,36239],{"class":63},[57,69810,69811,69813],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,69812,3231],{"class":75},[57,69814,36246],{"class":63},[57,69816,69817,69819],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,69818,1788],{"class":75},[57,69820,36253],{"class":63},[20,69822,69823,69824,620],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[614,69825,69827],{"href":69826},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69829,69830,69831,69833],{},"You can also read ",[614,69832,51767],{"href":51766}," for a task-focused guide.",[43,69835,2011],{"id":2010},[943,69837,69839],{"id":69838},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69841,1806,69842,69845],{},[15,69843,69844],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[943,69847,2015,69849,12945],{"id":69848},"what-does-len-return",[15,69850,69851],{},"len([])",[20,69853,5379,69854,69856],{},[15,69855,1294],{}," because the list is empty.",[943,69858,69860],{"id":69859},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69862,69863],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[943,69865,28559,69867,69869],{"id":69866},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69868,69046],{}," in Python?",[20,69871,30500,69872,8450,69874,69876],{},[15,69873,68494],{},[15,69875,1033],{}," is a built-in function.",[43,69878,2135],{"id":2134},[30,69880,69881,69887,69891,69895,69899],{},[33,69882,69883],{},[614,69884,13,69885,2144],{"href":1037},[15,69886,1033],{},[33,69888,69889],{},[614,69890,52809],{"href":51766},[33,69892,69893],{},[614,69894,52990],{"href":51200},[33,69896,69897],{},[614,69898,69474],{"href":69473},[33,69900,69901],{},[614,69902,69903],{"href":69826},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2172,69905,69906],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":69908},[69909,69910,69912,69913,69914,69915,69923,69925,69933],{"id":15392,"depth":98,"text":15393},{"id":68486,"depth":98,"text":69911},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":6017,"depth":98,"text":6018},{"id":68753,"depth":98,"text":68754},{"id":68894,"depth":98,"text":68895},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":69916},[69917,69919,69920,69921],{"id":69043,"depth":120,"text":69918},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25917,"depth":120,"text":25918},{"id":69223,"depth":120,"text":69224},{"id":69477,"depth":120,"text":69922},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69568,"depth":98,"text":69924},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":69926},[69927,69928,69930,69931],{"id":69838,"depth":120,"text":69839},{"id":69848,"depth":120,"text":69929},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69859,"depth":120,"text":69860},{"id":69866,"depth":120,"text":69932},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68381,"description":69934},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69940,"title":69941,"body":69942,"description":71922,"extension":2219,"meta":71923,"navigation":123,"path":71924,"seo":71925,"stem":71926,"__hash__":71927},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69943,"toc":71895},[69944,69947,69952,69955,69963,69976,69978,70043,70045,70067,70072,70076,70081,70089,70091,70101,70103,70184,70186,70216,70218,70237,70242,70259,70261,70345,70347,70377,70382,70386,70392,70476,70478,70508,70511,70515,70518,70609,70611,70649,70652,70737,70739,70769,70775,70782,70786,70791,70800,70802,70887,70889,70918,70921,70929,70933,70937,70946,70969,70971,70993,70995,71009,71011,71071,71075,71080,71119,71121,71138,71140,71150,71249,71254,71258,71263,71306,71308,71336,71338,71352,71427,71429,71451,71455,71458,71463,71474,71479,71487,71490,71561,71563,71588,71645,71647,71668,71677,71685,71690,71692,71697,71718,71721,71796,71799,71813,71820,71822,71826,71832,71836,71846,71850,71857,71859,71865,71867,71892],[10,69945,69941],{"id":69946},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69948,69949,69951],{},[15,69950,55301],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69953,69954],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[30,69956,69957,69960],{},[33,69958,69959],{},"delete an item from a list",[33,69961,69962],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69964,69965,69966,69968,69969,8932,69971,69975],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69967,12992],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69970,12992],{},[614,69972,69973],{"href":55291},[15,69974,55748],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[43,69977,46],{"id":45},[48,69979,69981],{"className":50,"code":69980,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69982,69983,70003,70018,70022,70033],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,69984,69985,69987,69989,69991,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,69986,64],{"class":63},[57,69988,68],{"class":67},[57,69990,72],{"class":71},[57,69992,1561],{"class":75},[57,69994,79],{"class":71},[57,69996,1617],{"class":75},[57,69998,79],{"class":71},[57,70000,1575],{"class":75},[57,70002,95],{"class":71},[57,70004,70005,70008,70010,70012,70014,70016],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70006,70007],{"class":63},"last_item ",[57,70009,68],{"class":67},[57,70011,4495],{"class":63},[57,70013,620],{"class":71},[57,70015,26472],{"class":113},[57,70017,8870],{"class":71},[57,70019,70020],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,70021,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70023,70024,70026,70028,70031],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,70025,102],{"class":101},[57,70027,105],{"class":71},[57,70029,70030],{"class":113},"last_item",[57,70032,316],{"class":71},[57,70034,70035,70037,70039,70041],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,70036,102],{"class":101},[57,70038,105],{"class":71},[57,70040,114],{"class":113},[57,70042,316],{"class":71},[20,70044,216],{},[48,70046,70048],{"className":50,"code":70047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,70049,70050,70055],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70051,70052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70053,70054],{"class":75},"30\n",[57,70056,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70058,1785],{"class":71},[57,70060,1561],{"class":75},[57,70062,79],{"class":71},[57,70064,1617],{"class":75},[57,70066,95],{"class":71},[20,70068,1806,70069,70071],{},[15,70070,12992],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[43,70073,70075],{"id":70074},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70077,70078,70080],{},[15,70079,12992],{}," has two main jobs:",[30,70082,70083,70086],{},[33,70084,70085],{},"It removes one item from a list",[33,70087,70088],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70090,43875],{},[30,70092,70093,70096,70099],{},[33,70094,70095],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[33,70097,70098],{},"It changes the original list",[33,70100,52964],{},[20,70102,864],{},[48,70104,70106],{"className":50,"code":70105,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70107,70108,70140,70144,70159,70163,70174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70109,70110,70112,70114,70116,70118,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70111,13306],{"class":63},[57,70113,68],{"class":67},[57,70115,72],{"class":71},[57,70117,170],{"class":169},[57,70119,13323],{"class":173},[57,70121,170],{"class":169},[57,70123,79],{"class":71},[57,70125,181],{"class":169},[57,70127,17686],{"class":173},[57,70129,170],{"class":169},[57,70131,79],{"class":71},[57,70133,181],{"class":169},[57,70135,13340],{"class":173},[57,70137,170],{"class":169},[57,70139,95],{"class":71},[57,70141,70142],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70143,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70145,70146,70149,70151,70153,70155,70157],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,70147,70148],{"class":63},"removed ",[57,70150,68],{"class":67},[57,70152,13354],{"class":63},[57,70154,620],{"class":71},[57,70156,26472],{"class":113},[57,70158,8870],{"class":71},[57,70160,70161],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,70162,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70164,70165,70167,70169,70172],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,70166,102],{"class":101},[57,70168,105],{"class":71},[57,70170,70171],{"class":113},"removed",[57,70173,316],{"class":71},[57,70175,70176,70178,70180,70182],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,70177,102],{"class":101},[57,70179,105],{"class":71},[57,70181,17733],{"class":113},[57,70183,316],{"class":71},[20,70185,216],{},[48,70187,70189],{"className":50,"code":70188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70190,70191,70196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70192,70193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70194,70195],{"class":63},"blue\n",[57,70197,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70199,1785],{"class":71},[57,70201,3543],{"class":169},[57,70203,13323],{"class":173},[57,70205,3543],{"class":169},[57,70207,79],{"class":71},[57,70209,3538],{"class":169},[57,70211,17686],{"class":173},[57,70213,3543],{"class":169},[57,70215,95],{"class":71},[43,70217,294],{"id":293},[48,70219,70221],{"className":50,"code":70220,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70222,70223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70224,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70226,8321],{"class":1102},[57,70228,620],{"class":71},[57,70230,26472],{"class":113},[57,70232,1949],{"class":71},[57,70234,36077],{"class":113},[57,70236,1975],{"class":71},[20,70238,935,70239,70241],{},[15,70240,36077],{}," is optional.",[30,70243,70244,70250,70256],{},[33,70245,70246,70247,70249],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70248,12992],{}," removes the last item",[33,70251,70252,70253,70255],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70254,12992],{}," removes the item at that position",[33,70257,70258],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70260,864],{},[48,70262,70264],{"className":50,"code":70263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70265,70266,70298,70302,70321,70325,70335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70267,70268,70270,70272,70274,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70269,36322],{"class":63},[57,70271,68],{"class":67},[57,70273,72],{"class":71},[57,70275,170],{"class":169},[57,70277,614],{"class":173},[57,70279,170],{"class":169},[57,70281,79],{"class":71},[57,70283,181],{"class":169},[57,70285,4993],{"class":173},[57,70287,170],{"class":169},[57,70289,79],{"class":71},[57,70291,181],{"class":169},[57,70293,9966],{"class":173},[57,70295,170],{"class":169},[57,70297,95],{"class":71},[57,70299,70300],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70301,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70303,70304,70306,70308,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,70305,28769],{"class":63},[57,70307,68],{"class":67},[57,70309,70310],{"class":63}," letters",[57,70312,620],{"class":71},[57,70314,26472],{"class":113},[57,70316,105],{"class":71},[57,70318,3231],{"class":75},[57,70320,316],{"class":71},[57,70322,70323],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,70324,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70326,70327,70329,70331,70333],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,70328,102],{"class":101},[57,70330,105],{"class":71},[57,70332,23541],{"class":113},[57,70334,316],{"class":71},[57,70336,70337,70339,70341,70343],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,70338,102],{"class":101},[57,70340,105],{"class":71},[57,70342,36375],{"class":113},[57,70344,316],{"class":71},[20,70346,216],{},[48,70348,70350],{"className":50,"code":70349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70351,70352,70357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70353,70354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70355,70356],{"class":63},"b\n",[57,70358,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371,70373,70375],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70360,1785],{"class":71},[57,70362,3543],{"class":169},[57,70364,614],{"class":173},[57,70366,3543],{"class":169},[57,70368,79],{"class":71},[57,70370,3538],{"class":169},[57,70372,9966],{"class":173},[57,70374,3543],{"class":169},[57,70376,95],{"class":71},[20,70378,70379,70380,620],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[614,70381,52990],{"href":51200},[43,70383,70385],{"id":70384},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70387,70388,70389,70391],{},"When you call ",[15,70390,12992],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[48,70393,70395],{"className":50,"code":70394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70396,70397,70432,70436,70451,70455,70466],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70398,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70410,70412,70414,70416,70419,70421,70423,70425,70428,70430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70400,30127],{"class":63},[57,70402,68],{"class":67},[57,70404,72],{"class":71},[57,70406,170],{"class":169},[57,70408,70409],{"class":173},"write",[57,70411,170],{"class":169},[57,70413,79],{"class":71},[57,70415,181],{"class":169},[57,70417,70418],{"class":173},"test",[57,70420,170],{"class":169},[57,70422,79],{"class":71},[57,70424,181],{"class":169},[57,70426,70427],{"class":173},"submit",[57,70429,170],{"class":169},[57,70431,95],{"class":71},[57,70433,70434],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70435,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70437,70438,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,70439,70440],{"class":63},"last_task ",[57,70442,68],{"class":67},[57,70444,30205],{"class":63},[57,70446,620],{"class":71},[57,70448,26472],{"class":113},[57,70450,8870],{"class":71},[57,70452,70453],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,70454,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70456,70457,70459,70461,70464],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,70458,102],{"class":101},[57,70460,105],{"class":71},[57,70462,70463],{"class":113},"last_task",[57,70465,316],{"class":71},[57,70467,70468,70470,70472,70474],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,70469,102],{"class":101},[57,70471,105],{"class":71},[57,70473,36738],{"class":113},[57,70475,316],{"class":71},[20,70477,216],{},[48,70479,70481],{"className":50,"code":70480,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70482,70483,70488],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70484,70485],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70486,70487],{"class":63},"submit\n",[57,70489,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70491,1785],{"class":71},[57,70493,3543],{"class":169},[57,70495,70409],{"class":173},[57,70497,3543],{"class":169},[57,70499,79],{"class":71},[57,70501,3538],{"class":169},[57,70503,70418],{"class":173},[57,70505,3543],{"class":169},[57,70507,95],{"class":71},[20,70509,70510],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[43,70512,70514],{"id":70513},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70516,70517],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[48,70519,70521],{"className":50,"code":70520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70522,70523,70563,70567,70585,70589,70599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70524,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551,70553,70555,70557,70559,70561],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70526,36471],{"class":63},[57,70528,68],{"class":67},[57,70530,72],{"class":71},[57,70532,170],{"class":169},[57,70534,174],{"class":173},[57,70536,170],{"class":169},[57,70538,79],{"class":71},[57,70540,181],{"class":169},[57,70542,184],{"class":173},[57,70544,170],{"class":169},[57,70546,79],{"class":71},[57,70548,181],{"class":169},[57,70550,4329],{"class":173},[57,70552,170],{"class":169},[57,70554,79],{"class":71},[57,70556,181],{"class":169},[57,70558,33451],{"class":173},[57,70560,170],{"class":169},[57,70562,95],{"class":71},[57,70564,70565],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70566,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70568,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,70570,70148],{"class":63},[57,70572,68],{"class":67},[57,70574,53070],{"class":63},[57,70576,620],{"class":71},[57,70578,26472],{"class":113},[57,70580,105],{"class":71},[57,70582,3231],{"class":75},[57,70584,316],{"class":71},[57,70586,70587],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,70588,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70590,70591,70593,70595,70597],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,70592,102],{"class":101},[57,70594,105],{"class":71},[57,70596,70171],{"class":113},[57,70598,316],{"class":71},[57,70600,70601,70603,70605,70607],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,70602,102],{"class":101},[57,70604,105],{"class":71},[57,70606,36523],{"class":113},[57,70608,316],{"class":71},[20,70610,216],{},[48,70612,70614],{"className":50,"code":70613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70615,70616,70621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70617,70618],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70619,70620],{"class":63},"banana\n",[57,70622,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635,70637,70639,70641,70643,70645,70647],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70624,1785],{"class":71},[57,70626,3543],{"class":169},[57,70628,174],{"class":173},[57,70630,3543],{"class":169},[57,70632,79],{"class":71},[57,70634,3538],{"class":169},[57,70636,4329],{"class":173},[57,70638,3543],{"class":169},[57,70640,79],{"class":71},[57,70642,3538],{"class":169},[57,70644,33451],{"class":173},[57,70646,3543],{"class":169},[57,70648,95],{"class":71},[20,70650,70651],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[48,70653,70655],{"className":50,"code":70654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70656,70657,70689,70693,70713,70717,70727],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70658,70659,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70660,36471],{"class":63},[57,70662,68],{"class":67},[57,70664,72],{"class":71},[57,70666,170],{"class":169},[57,70668,174],{"class":173},[57,70670,170],{"class":169},[57,70672,79],{"class":71},[57,70674,181],{"class":169},[57,70676,184],{"class":173},[57,70678,170],{"class":169},[57,70680,79],{"class":71},[57,70682,181],{"class":169},[57,70684,4329],{"class":173},[57,70686,170],{"class":169},[57,70688,95],{"class":71},[57,70690,70691],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70692,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70694,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707,70709,70711],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,70696,70148],{"class":63},[57,70698,68],{"class":67},[57,70700,53070],{"class":63},[57,70702,620],{"class":71},[57,70704,26472],{"class":113},[57,70706,105],{"class":71},[57,70708,2277],{"class":67},[57,70710,3231],{"class":75},[57,70712,316],{"class":71},[57,70714,70715],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,70716,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70718,70719,70721,70723,70725],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,70720,102],{"class":101},[57,70722,105],{"class":71},[57,70724,70171],{"class":113},[57,70726,316],{"class":71},[57,70728,70729,70731,70733,70735],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,70730,102],{"class":101},[57,70732,105],{"class":71},[57,70734,36523],{"class":113},[57,70736,316],{"class":71},[20,70738,216],{},[48,70740,70742],{"className":50,"code":70741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70743,70744,70749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70745,70746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70747,70748],{"class":63},"cherry\n",[57,70750,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70752,1785],{"class":71},[57,70754,3543],{"class":169},[57,70756,174],{"class":173},[57,70758,3543],{"class":169},[57,70760,79],{"class":71},[57,70762,3538],{"class":169},[57,70764,184],{"class":173},[57,70766,3543],{"class":169},[57,70768,95],{"class":71},[20,70770,70771,70772,70774],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70773,66071],{}," means the last item.",[20,70776,70777,70778,620],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[614,70779,70780,10968],{"href":59182},[15,70781,65084],{},[43,70783,70785],{"id":70784},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70787,70788,70790],{},[15,70789,12992],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70792,70793,70794,1242,70796,620],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70795,12992],{},[614,70797,70798],{"href":55291},[15,70799,55748],{},[20,70801,864],{},[48,70803,70805],{"className":50,"code":70804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70806,70807,70839,70843,70862,70866,70877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70808,70809,70811,70813,70815,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835,70837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70810,5228],{"class":63},[57,70812,68],{"class":67},[57,70814,72],{"class":71},[57,70816,170],{"class":169},[57,70818,13110],{"class":173},[57,70820,170],{"class":169},[57,70822,79],{"class":71},[57,70824,181],{"class":169},[57,70826,36172],{"class":173},[57,70828,170],{"class":169},[57,70830,79],{"class":71},[57,70832,181],{"class":169},[57,70834,36181],{"class":173},[57,70836,170],{"class":169},[57,70838,95],{"class":71},[57,70840,70841],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70842,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70844,70845,70848,70850,70852,70854,70856,70858,70860],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,70846,70847],{"class":63},"removed_name ",[57,70849,68],{"class":67},[57,70851,69790],{"class":63},[57,70853,620],{"class":71},[57,70855,26472],{"class":113},[57,70857,105],{"class":71},[57,70859,1294],{"class":75},[57,70861,316],{"class":71},[57,70863,70864],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,70865,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,70867,70868,70870,70872,70875],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,70869,102],{"class":101},[57,70871,105],{"class":71},[57,70873,70874],{"class":113},"removed_name",[57,70876,316],{"class":71},[57,70878,70879,70881,70883,70885],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,70880,102],{"class":101},[57,70882,105],{"class":71},[57,70884,5272],{"class":113},[57,70886,316],{"class":71},[20,70888,216],{},[48,70890,70892],{"className":50,"code":70891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70893,70894,70898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70895,70896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70897,50260],{"class":63},[57,70899,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70901,1785],{"class":71},[57,70903,3543],{"class":169},[57,70905,36172],{"class":173},[57,70907,3543],{"class":169},[57,70909,79],{"class":71},[57,70911,3538],{"class":169},[57,70913,36181],{"class":173},[57,70915,3543],{"class":169},[57,70917,95],{"class":71},[20,70919,70920],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70922,70923,70924,70926,70927,620],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70925,55748],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70928,1524],{},[43,70930,70932],{"id":70931},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[943,70934,70936],{"id":70935},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70938,70939,70940,70942,70943,620],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70941,12992],{}," raises an ",[15,70944,70945],{},"IndexError",[48,70947,70949],{"className":50,"code":70948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70950,70951,70959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70952,70953,70955,70957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70954,1147],{"class":63},[57,70956,68],{"class":67},[57,70958,1273],{"class":71},[57,70960,70961,70963,70965,70967],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,70962,1199],{"class":63},[57,70964,620],{"class":71},[57,70966,26472],{"class":113},[57,70968,8870],{"class":71},[20,70970,216],{},[48,70972,70974],{"className":50,"code":70973,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70975,70976],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,70977,70978,70980,70982,70985,70988,70991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,70979,70945],{"class":1102},[57,70981,270],{"class":71},[57,70983,70984],{"class":63}," pop ",[57,70986,70987],{"class":1962},"from",[57,70989,70990],{"class":63}," empty ",[57,70992,50106],{"class":1102},[20,70994,39490],{},[30,70996,70997,71002],{},[33,70998,70999,71000],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,71001,12992],{},[33,71003,71004,71005,1242,71007],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,71006,30033],{},[15,71008,30064],{},[20,71010,864],{},[48,71012,71014],{"className":50,"code":71013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,71015,71016,71024,71028,71036,71050,71056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71017,71018,71020,71022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71019,1147],{"class":63},[57,71021,68],{"class":67},[57,71023,1273],{"class":71},[57,71025,71026],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71027,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,71029,71030,71032,71034],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,71031,7228],{"class":1962},[57,71033,1972],{"class":63},[57,71035,6623],{"class":71},[57,71037,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,71039,8296],{"class":101},[57,71041,105],{"class":71},[57,71043,1199],{"class":113},[57,71045,620],{"class":71},[57,71047,26472],{"class":113},[57,71049,1671],{"class":71},[57,71051,71052,71054],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,71053,27664],{"class":1962},[57,71055,6623],{"class":71},[57,71057,71058,71060,71062,71064,71067,71069],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,71059,8296],{"class":101},[57,71061,105],{"class":71},[57,71063,170],{"class":169},[57,71065,71066],{"class":173},"The list is empty.",[57,71068,170],{"class":169},[57,71070,316],{"class":71},[943,71072,71074],{"id":71073},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71076,71077,71078,620],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71079,70945],{},[48,71081,71083],{"className":50,"code":71082,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71084,71085,71105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71086,71087,71089,71091,71093,71095,71097,71099,71101,71103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71088,64],{"class":63},[57,71090,68],{"class":67},[57,71092,72],{"class":71},[57,71094,1561],{"class":75},[57,71096,79],{"class":71},[57,71098,1617],{"class":75},[57,71100,79],{"class":71},[57,71102,1575],{"class":75},[57,71104,95],{"class":71},[57,71106,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71108,114],{"class":63},[57,71110,620],{"class":71},[57,71112,26472],{"class":113},[57,71114,105],{"class":71},[57,71116,2389],{"class":75},[57,71118,316],{"class":71},[20,71120,216],{},[48,71122,71124],{"className":50,"code":71123,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71125,71126],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71127,71128,71130,71132,71135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71129,70945],{"class":1102},[57,71131,270],{"class":71},[57,71133,71134],{"class":63}," pop index out of ",[57,71136,71137],{"class":101},"range\n",[20,71139,39490],{},[30,71141,71142,71147],{},[33,71143,71144,71145],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71146,1033],{},[33,71148,71149],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[48,71151,71153],{"className":50,"code":71152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71154,71155,71175,71184,71188,71210,71228,71234],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71156,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171,71173],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71158,64],{"class":63},[57,71160,68],{"class":67},[57,71162,72],{"class":71},[57,71164,1561],{"class":75},[57,71166,79],{"class":71},[57,71168,1617],{"class":75},[57,71170,79],{"class":71},[57,71172,1575],{"class":75},[57,71174,95],{"class":71},[57,71176,71177,71180,71182],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71178,71179],{"class":63},"index ",[57,71181,68],{"class":67},[57,71183,45815],{"class":75},[57,71185,71186],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,71187,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,71189,71190,71192,71194,71197,71200,71202,71204,71206,71208],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,71191,7228],{"class":1962},[57,71193,4072],{"class":75},[57,71195,71196],{"class":67}," \u003C=",[57,71198,71199],{"class":63}," index ",[57,71201,3532],{"class":67},[57,71203,1217],{"class":101},[57,71205,105],{"class":71},[57,71207,114],{"class":113},[57,71209,8570],{"class":71},[57,71211,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,71213,8296],{"class":101},[57,71215,105],{"class":71},[57,71217,114],{"class":113},[57,71219,620],{"class":71},[57,71221,26472],{"class":113},[57,71223,105],{"class":71},[57,71225,36077],{"class":113},[57,71227,117],{"class":71},[57,71229,71230,71232],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,71231,27664],{"class":1962},[57,71233,6623],{"class":71},[57,71235,71236,71238,71240,71242,71245,71247],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,71237,8296],{"class":101},[57,71239,105],{"class":71},[57,71241,170],{"class":169},[57,71243,71244],{"class":173},"Index is out of range.",[57,71246,170],{"class":169},[57,71248,316],{"class":71},[20,71250,71251,71252,620],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[614,71253,69474],{"href":69473},[943,71255,71257],{"id":71256},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71259,71260,71262],{},[15,71261,12992],{}," expects an integer index.",[48,71264,71266],{"className":50,"code":71265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71267,71268,71288],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71269,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71271,64],{"class":63},[57,71273,68],{"class":67},[57,71275,72],{"class":71},[57,71277,1561],{"class":75},[57,71279,79],{"class":71},[57,71281,1617],{"class":75},[57,71283,79],{"class":71},[57,71285,1575],{"class":75},[57,71287,95],{"class":71},[57,71289,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298,71300,71302,71304],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71291,114],{"class":63},[57,71293,620],{"class":71},[57,71295,26472],{"class":113},[57,71297,105],{"class":71},[57,71299,170],{"class":169},[57,71301,3231],{"class":173},[57,71303,170],{"class":169},[57,71305,316],{"class":71},[20,71307,216],{},[48,71309,71311],{"className":50,"code":71310,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71312,71313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71314,71315,71317,71319,71321,71323,71325,71327,71330,71333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71316,1539],{"class":1102},[57,71318,270],{"class":71},[57,71320,3538],{"class":169},[57,71322,1103],{"class":173},[57,71324,3543],{"class":169},[57,71326,24848],{"class":1102},[57,71328,71329],{"class":63}," cannot be interpreted ",[57,71331,71332],{"class":1962},"as",[57,71334,71335],{"class":63}," an integer\n",[20,71337,39490],{},[30,71339,71340,71349],{},[33,71341,71342,71343,2441,71345,2445,71347],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71344,1294],{},[15,71346,3231],{},[15,71348,66071],{},[33,71350,71351],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[48,71353,71355],{"className":50,"code":71354,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71356,71357,71377,71395,71399,71417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71358,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71360,64],{"class":63},[57,71362,68],{"class":67},[57,71364,72],{"class":71},[57,71366,1561],{"class":75},[57,71368,79],{"class":71},[57,71370,1617],{"class":75},[57,71372,79],{"class":71},[57,71374,1575],{"class":75},[57,71376,95],{"class":71},[57,71378,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71380,71179],{"class":63},[57,71382,68],{"class":67},[57,71384,45502],{"class":1102},[57,71386,105],{"class":71},[57,71388,170],{"class":169},[57,71390,3231],{"class":173},[57,71392,170],{"class":169},[57,71394,316],{"class":71},[57,71396,71397],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,71398,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,71400,71401,71403,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,71402,102],{"class":101},[57,71404,105],{"class":71},[57,71406,114],{"class":113},[57,71408,620],{"class":71},[57,71410,26472],{"class":113},[57,71412,105],{"class":71},[57,71414,36077],{"class":113},[57,71416,117],{"class":71},[57,71418,71419,71421,71423,71425],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,71420,102],{"class":101},[57,71422,105],{"class":71},[57,71424,114],{"class":113},[57,71426,316],{"class":71},[20,71428,216],{},[48,71430,71432],{"className":50,"code":71431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71433,71434,71439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71435,71436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71437,71438],{"class":75},"20\n",[57,71440,71441,71443,71445,71447,71449],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71442,1785],{"class":71},[57,71444,1561],{"class":75},[57,71446,79],{"class":71},[57,71448,1575],{"class":75},[57,71450,95],{"class":71},[43,71452,71454],{"id":71453},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71456,71457],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[943,71459,1806,71461,10828],{"id":71460},"use-pop-when",[15,71462,12992],{},[30,71464,71465,71468,71471],{},[33,71466,71467],{},"you want to remove by index",[33,71469,71470],{},"you want the removed item returned",[33,71472,71473],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[943,71475,1806,71477,10828],{"id":71476},"use-remove-when",[15,71478,55748],{},[30,71480,71481,71484],{},[33,71482,71483],{},"you want to remove by value",[33,71485,71486],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71488,71489],{},"Compare these examples:",[48,71491,71493],{"className":50,"code":71492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71494,71495,71519,71523,71541,71551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505,71507,71509,71511,71513,71515,71517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71498,64],{"class":63},[57,71500,68],{"class":67},[57,71502,72],{"class":71},[57,71504,1561],{"class":75},[57,71506,79],{"class":71},[57,71508,1617],{"class":75},[57,71510,79],{"class":71},[57,71512,1575],{"class":75},[57,71514,79],{"class":71},[57,71516,1617],{"class":75},[57,71518,95],{"class":71},[57,71520,71521],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71522,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,71524,71525,71527,71529,71531,71533,71535,71537,71539],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,71526,70148],{"class":63},[57,71528,68],{"class":67},[57,71530,4495],{"class":63},[57,71532,620],{"class":71},[57,71534,26472],{"class":113},[57,71536,105],{"class":71},[57,71538,3231],{"class":75},[57,71540,316],{"class":71},[57,71542,71543,71545,71547,71549],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,71544,102],{"class":101},[57,71546,105],{"class":71},[57,71548,70171],{"class":113},[57,71550,316],{"class":71},[57,71552,71553,71555,71557,71559],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,71554,102],{"class":101},[57,71556,105],{"class":71},[57,71558,114],{"class":113},[57,71560,316],{"class":71},[20,71562,216],{},[48,71564,71566],{"className":50,"code":71565,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71567,71568,71572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71569,71570],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71571,71438],{"class":75},[57,71573,71574,71576,71578,71580,71582,71584,71586],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71575,1785],{"class":71},[57,71577,1561],{"class":75},[57,71579,79],{"class":71},[57,71581,1575],{"class":75},[57,71583,79],{"class":71},[57,71585,1617],{"class":75},[57,71587,95],{"class":71},[48,71589,71591],{"className":50,"code":71590,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71592,71593,71617,71621,71635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71594,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71596,64],{"class":63},[57,71598,68],{"class":67},[57,71600,72],{"class":71},[57,71602,1561],{"class":75},[57,71604,79],{"class":71},[57,71606,1617],{"class":75},[57,71608,79],{"class":71},[57,71610,1575],{"class":75},[57,71612,79],{"class":71},[57,71614,1617],{"class":75},[57,71616,95],{"class":71},[57,71618,71619],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71620,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,71622,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,71624,114],{"class":63},[57,71626,620],{"class":71},[57,71628,35024],{"class":113},[57,71630,105],{"class":71},[57,71632,1568],{"class":75},[57,71634,316],{"class":71},[57,71636,71637,71639,71641,71643],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,71638,102],{"class":101},[57,71640,105],{"class":71},[57,71642,114],{"class":113},[57,71644,316],{"class":71},[20,71646,216],{},[48,71648,71650],{"className":50,"code":71649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71651,71652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71653,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71655,1785],{"class":71},[57,71657,1561],{"class":75},[57,71659,79],{"class":71},[57,71661,1575],{"class":75},[57,71663,79],{"class":71},[57,71665,1617],{"class":75},[57,71667,95],{"class":71},[20,71669,71670,71671,71674,71675,620],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71672,71673],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71676,3231],{},[20,71678,56824,71679,71682,71683,620],{},[15,71680,71681],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71684,1568],{},[20,71686,71687,71688,620],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[614,71689,55287],{"href":55286},[43,71691,1829],{"id":1828},[20,71693,71694,71695,270],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71696,12992],{},[30,71698,71699,71702,71705,71711,71715],{},[33,71700,71701],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[33,71703,71704],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[33,71706,37434,71707,8932,71709],{},[15,71708,12992],{},[15,71710,55748],{},[33,71712,1848,71713,62190],{},[15,71714,12992],{},[33,71716,71717],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71719,71720],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[48,71722,71724],{"className":50,"code":71723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71725,71726,71736,71750,71764,71782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71727,71728,71730,71732,71734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71729,102],{"class":101},[57,71731,105],{"class":71},[57,71733,8567],{"class":113},[57,71735,316],{"class":71},[57,71737,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71739,102],{"class":101},[57,71741,105],{"class":71},[57,71743,1007],{"class":101},[57,71745,105],{"class":71},[57,71747,8567],{"class":113},[57,71749,117],{"class":71},[57,71751,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,71753,102],{"class":101},[57,71755,105],{"class":71},[57,71757,8567],{"class":113},[57,71759,620],{"class":71},[57,71761,26472],{"class":113},[57,71763,1671],{"class":71},[57,71765,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,71767,102],{"class":101},[57,71769,105],{"class":71},[57,71771,8567],{"class":113},[57,71773,620],{"class":71},[57,71775,26472],{"class":113},[57,71777,105],{"class":71},[57,71779,1294],{"class":75},[57,71781,117],{"class":71},[57,71783,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,71785,102],{"class":101},[57,71787,105],{"class":71},[57,71789,1886],{"class":1102},[57,71791,105],{"class":71},[57,71793,36077],{"class":113},[57,71795,117],{"class":71},[20,71797,71798],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[30,71800,71801,71807],{},[33,71802,71803,71806],{},[15,71804,71805],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[33,71808,71809,71812],{},[15,71810,71811],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71814,71815,71816,71819],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71817,71818],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[43,71821,2011],{"id":2010},[943,71823,71825],{"id":71824},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71827,71828,71829,71831],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71830,12992],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[943,71833,71835],{"id":71834},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71837,71838,71840,71841,71843,71844,620],{},[15,71839,12992],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71842,55748],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71845,1524],{},[943,71847,71849],{"id":71848},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71851,71852,71853,71856],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71854,71855],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[943,71858,2035],{"id":2034},[20,71860,71861,71862,71864],{},"Python raises ",[15,71863,70945],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[43,71866,2135],{"id":2134},[30,71868,71869,71873,71878,71883,71888],{},[33,71870,71871],{},[614,71872,55734],{"href":55286},[33,71874,71875],{},[614,71876,71877],{"href":55291},"Python list remove() method",[33,71879,71880],{},[614,71881,71882],{"href":59182},"Python list index() method",[33,71884,71885],{},[614,71886,71887],{"href":51200},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[33,71889,71890],{},[614,71891,69474],{"href":69473},[2172,71893,71894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":71896},[71897,71898,71899,71900,71901,71902,71903,71908,71914,71915,71921],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":70074,"depth":98,"text":70075},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":70384,"depth":98,"text":70385},{"id":70513,"depth":98,"text":70514},{"id":70784,"depth":98,"text":70785},{"id":70931,"depth":98,"text":70932,"children":71904},[71905,71906,71907],{"id":70935,"depth":120,"text":70936},{"id":71073,"depth":120,"text":71074},{"id":71256,"depth":120,"text":71257},{"id":71453,"depth":98,"text":71454,"children":71909},[71910,71912],{"id":71460,"depth":120,"text":71911},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71476,"depth":120,"text":71913},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":71916},[71917,71918,71919,71920],{"id":71824,"depth":120,"text":71825},{"id":71834,"depth":120,"text":71835},{"id":71848,"depth":120,"text":71849},{"id":2034,"depth":120,"text":2035},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69941,"description":71922},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71929,"title":71930,"body":71931,"description":73716,"extension":2219,"meta":73717,"navigation":123,"path":73718,"seo":73719,"stem":73720,"__hash__":73721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71932,"toc":73698},[71933,71936,71941,71947,71949,72019,72025,72029,72034,72055,72058,72125,72127,72148,72156,72158,72177,72193,72195,72260,72262,72287,72289,72291,72356,72358,72383,72385,72399,72402,72455,72457,72478,72482,72490,72563,72565,72598,72604,72610,72701,72703,72728,72734,72823,72825,72849,72851,72855,72910,72912,72944,72947,72950,73044,73046,73079,73085,73090,73094,73101,73127,73131,73196,73198,73223,73227,73308,73310,73339,73344,73349,73355,73359,73366,73388,73392,73451,73453,73477,73486,73491,73493,73497,73526,73528,73603,73606,73620,73626,73628,73632,73635,73639,73644,73648,73657,73661,73669,73671,73695],[10,71934,71930],{"id":71935},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71937,935,71938,71940],{},[15,71939,55294],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71942,71943,71944,71946],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[1399,71945,364],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[43,71948,46],{"id":45},[48,71950,71952],{"className":50,"code":71951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71953,71954,71986,72004,72014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,71955,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974,71976,71978,71980,71982,71984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,71957,1147],{"class":63},[57,71959,68],{"class":67},[57,71961,72],{"class":71},[57,71963,170],{"class":169},[57,71965,174],{"class":173},[57,71967,170],{"class":169},[57,71969,79],{"class":71},[57,71971,181],{"class":169},[57,71973,184],{"class":173},[57,71975,170],{"class":169},[57,71977,79],{"class":71},[57,71979,181],{"class":169},[57,71981,33451],{"class":173},[57,71983,170],{"class":169},[57,71985,95],{"class":71},[57,71987,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000,72002],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,71989,1199],{"class":63},[57,71991,620],{"class":71},[57,71993,35024],{"class":113},[57,71995,105],{"class":71},[57,71997,170],{"class":169},[57,71999,184],{"class":173},[57,72001,170],{"class":169},[57,72003,316],{"class":71},[57,72005,72006,72008,72010,72012],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72007,102],{"class":101},[57,72009,105],{"class":71},[57,72011,1199],{"class":113},[57,72013,316],{"class":71},[57,72015,72016],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,72017,72018],{"class":3903},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,72020,1806,72021,72024],{},[15,72022,72023],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[43,72026,72028],{"id":72027},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,72030,72031,72033],{},[15,72032,55748],{}," is a list method that:",[30,72035,72036,72042,72047,72052],{},[33,72037,72038,72039,72041],{},"Deletes the ",[1399,72040,30138],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[33,72043,72044,72045],{},"Changes the original list ",[1399,72046,11561],{},[33,72048,12933,72049,72051],{},[1399,72050,1401],{}," return a new list",[33,72053,72054],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72056,72057],{},"This is important for beginners:",[48,72059,72061],{"className":50,"code":72060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72062,72063,72083,72101,72105,72115],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72064,72065,72067,72069,72071,72073,72075,72077,72079,72081],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72066,64],{"class":63},[57,72068,68],{"class":67},[57,72070,72],{"class":71},[57,72072,3231],{"class":75},[57,72074,79],{"class":71},[57,72076,87],{"class":75},[57,72078,79],{"class":71},[57,72080,1793],{"class":75},[57,72082,95],{"class":71},[57,72084,72085,72087,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72086,1336],{"class":63},[57,72088,68],{"class":67},[57,72090,4495],{"class":63},[57,72092,620],{"class":71},[57,72094,35024],{"class":113},[57,72096,105],{"class":71},[57,72098,1788],{"class":75},[57,72100,316],{"class":71},[57,72102,72103],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72104,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,72106,72107,72109,72111,72113],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,72108,102],{"class":101},[57,72110,105],{"class":71},[57,72112,114],{"class":113},[57,72114,316],{"class":71},[57,72116,72117,72119,72121,72123],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,72118,102],{"class":101},[57,72120,105],{"class":71},[57,72122,1368],{"class":113},[57,72124,316],{"class":71},[20,72126,216],{},[48,72128,72130],{"className":50,"code":72129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72131,72132,72144],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72133,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72135,1785],{"class":71},[57,72137,3231],{"class":75},[57,72139,79],{"class":71},[57,72141,1793],{"class":75},[57,72143,95],{"class":71},[57,72145,72146],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72147,12037],{"class":1523},[20,72149,72150,72151,72153,72154,620],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72152,55748],{}," itself returned ",[15,72155,1524],{},[43,72157,5662],{"id":5661},[48,72159,72161],{"className":50,"code":72160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72162,72163],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72164,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72166,8321],{"class":1102},[57,72168,620],{"class":71},[57,72170,35024],{"class":113},[57,72172,105],{"class":71},[57,72174,364],{"class":113},[57,72176,316],{"class":71},[30,72178,72179,72184,72187],{},[33,72180,72181,72183],{},[15,72182,364],{}," is the item you want to delete",[33,72185,72186],{},"Python searches from left to right",[33,72188,72189,72190,72192],{},"Only the ",[1399,72191,30138],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72194,864],{},[48,72196,72198],{"className":50,"code":72197,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72199,72200,72232,72250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72201,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72203,36322],{"class":63},[57,72205,68],{"class":67},[57,72207,72],{"class":71},[57,72209,170],{"class":169},[57,72211,614],{"class":173},[57,72213,170],{"class":169},[57,72215,79],{"class":71},[57,72217,181],{"class":169},[57,72219,4993],{"class":173},[57,72221,170],{"class":169},[57,72223,79],{"class":71},[57,72225,181],{"class":169},[57,72227,9966],{"class":173},[57,72229,170],{"class":169},[57,72231,95],{"class":71},[57,72233,72234,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72235,36375],{"class":63},[57,72237,620],{"class":71},[57,72239,35024],{"class":113},[57,72241,105],{"class":71},[57,72243,170],{"class":169},[57,72245,4993],{"class":173},[57,72247,170],{"class":169},[57,72249,316],{"class":71},[57,72251,72252,72254,72256,72258],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72253,102],{"class":101},[57,72255,105],{"class":71},[57,72257,36375],{"class":113},[57,72259,316],{"class":71},[20,72261,216],{},[48,72263,72265],{"className":50,"code":72264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72266,72267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72268,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72270,1785],{"class":71},[57,72272,3543],{"class":169},[57,72274,614],{"class":173},[57,72276,3543],{"class":169},[57,72278,79],{"class":71},[57,72280,3538],{"class":169},[57,72282,9966],{"class":173},[57,72284,3543],{"class":169},[57,72286,95],{"class":71},[43,72288,6018],{"id":6017},[20,72290,65393],{},[48,72292,72294],{"className":50,"code":72293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72295,72296,72328,72346],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72297,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72299,13306],{"class":63},[57,72301,68],{"class":67},[57,72303,72],{"class":71},[57,72305,170],{"class":169},[57,72307,13323],{"class":173},[57,72309,170],{"class":169},[57,72311,79],{"class":71},[57,72313,181],{"class":169},[57,72315,13340],{"class":173},[57,72317,170],{"class":169},[57,72319,79],{"class":71},[57,72321,181],{"class":169},[57,72323,17686],{"class":173},[57,72325,170],{"class":169},[57,72327,95],{"class":71},[57,72329,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72331,17733],{"class":63},[57,72333,620],{"class":71},[57,72335,35024],{"class":113},[57,72337,105],{"class":71},[57,72339,170],{"class":169},[57,72341,13340],{"class":173},[57,72343,170],{"class":169},[57,72345,316],{"class":71},[57,72347,72348,72350,72352,72354],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72349,102],{"class":101},[57,72351,105],{"class":71},[57,72353,17733],{"class":113},[57,72355,316],{"class":71},[20,72357,216],{},[48,72359,72361],{"className":50,"code":72360,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72362,72363],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72364,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72366,1785],{"class":71},[57,72368,3543],{"class":169},[57,72370,13323],{"class":173},[57,72372,3543],{"class":169},[57,72374,79],{"class":71},[57,72376,3538],{"class":169},[57,72378,17686],{"class":173},[57,72380,3543],{"class":169},[57,72382,95],{"class":71},[20,72384,11912],{},[30,72386,72387,72390,72396],{},[33,72388,72389],{},"A list is created with three values",[33,72391,72392,72395],{},[15,72393,72394],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[33,72397,72398],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72400,72401],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[48,72403,72405],{"className":50,"code":72404,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72406,72407,72431,72445],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72408,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72410,459],{"class":63},[57,72412,68],{"class":67},[57,72414,72],{"class":71},[57,72416,1561],{"class":75},[57,72418,79],{"class":71},[57,72420,1617],{"class":75},[57,72422,79],{"class":71},[57,72424,1575],{"class":75},[57,72426,79],{"class":71},[57,72428,51064],{"class":75},[57,72430,95],{"class":71},[57,72432,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72434,498],{"class":63},[57,72436,620],{"class":71},[57,72438,35024],{"class":113},[57,72440,105],{"class":71},[57,72442,37072],{"class":75},[57,72444,316],{"class":71},[57,72446,72447,72449,72451,72453],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72448,102],{"class":101},[57,72450,105],{"class":71},[57,72452,498],{"class":113},[57,72454,316],{"class":71},[20,72456,216],{},[48,72458,72460],{"className":50,"code":72459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72461,72462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72463,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72465,1785],{"class":71},[57,72467,1561],{"class":75},[57,72469,79],{"class":71},[57,72471,1617],{"class":75},[57,72473,79],{"class":71},[57,72475,51064],{"class":75},[57,72477,95],{"class":71},[43,72479,72481],{"id":72480},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72483,65383,72484,72486,72487,72489],{},[15,72485,55748],{}," deletes only the ",[1399,72488,30138],{}," one.",[48,72491,72493],{"className":50,"code":72492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72494,72495,72535,72553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72496,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72498,1147],{"class":63},[57,72500,68],{"class":67},[57,72502,72],{"class":71},[57,72504,170],{"class":169},[57,72506,174],{"class":173},[57,72508,170],{"class":169},[57,72510,79],{"class":71},[57,72512,181],{"class":169},[57,72514,184],{"class":173},[57,72516,170],{"class":169},[57,72518,79],{"class":71},[57,72520,181],{"class":169},[57,72522,174],{"class":173},[57,72524,170],{"class":169},[57,72526,79],{"class":71},[57,72528,181],{"class":169},[57,72530,33451],{"class":173},[57,72532,170],{"class":169},[57,72534,95],{"class":71},[57,72536,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72538,1199],{"class":63},[57,72540,620],{"class":71},[57,72542,35024],{"class":113},[57,72544,105],{"class":71},[57,72546,170],{"class":169},[57,72548,174],{"class":173},[57,72550,170],{"class":169},[57,72552,316],{"class":71},[57,72554,72555,72557,72559,72561],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72556,102],{"class":101},[57,72558,105],{"class":71},[57,72560,1199],{"class":113},[57,72562,316],{"class":71},[20,72564,216],{},[48,72566,72568],{"className":50,"code":72567,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72569,72570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72571,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72573,1785],{"class":71},[57,72575,3543],{"class":169},[57,72577,184],{"class":173},[57,72579,3543],{"class":169},[57,72581,79],{"class":71},[57,72583,3538],{"class":169},[57,72585,174],{"class":173},[57,72587,3543],{"class":169},[57,72589,79],{"class":71},[57,72591,3538],{"class":169},[57,72593,33451],{"class":173},[57,72595,3543],{"class":169},[57,72597,95],{"class":71},[20,72599,72600,72601,72603],{},"Only the first ",[15,72602,58053],{}," was removed.",[20,72605,72606,72607,72609],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72608,55748],{}," again:",[48,72611,72613],{"className":50,"code":72612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72614,72615,72655,72673,72691],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72616,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72618,1147],{"class":63},[57,72620,68],{"class":67},[57,72622,72],{"class":71},[57,72624,170],{"class":169},[57,72626,174],{"class":173},[57,72628,170],{"class":169},[57,72630,79],{"class":71},[57,72632,181],{"class":169},[57,72634,184],{"class":173},[57,72636,170],{"class":169},[57,72638,79],{"class":71},[57,72640,181],{"class":169},[57,72642,174],{"class":173},[57,72644,170],{"class":169},[57,72646,79],{"class":71},[57,72648,181],{"class":169},[57,72650,33451],{"class":173},[57,72652,170],{"class":169},[57,72654,95],{"class":71},[57,72656,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72658,1199],{"class":63},[57,72660,620],{"class":71},[57,72662,35024],{"class":113},[57,72664,105],{"class":71},[57,72666,170],{"class":169},[57,72668,174],{"class":173},[57,72670,170],{"class":169},[57,72672,316],{"class":71},[57,72674,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687,72689],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72676,1199],{"class":63},[57,72678,620],{"class":71},[57,72680,35024],{"class":113},[57,72682,105],{"class":71},[57,72684,170],{"class":169},[57,72686,174],{"class":173},[57,72688,170],{"class":169},[57,72690,316],{"class":71},[57,72692,72693,72695,72697,72699],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,72694,102],{"class":101},[57,72696,105],{"class":71},[57,72698,1199],{"class":113},[57,72700,316],{"class":71},[20,72702,216],{},[48,72704,72706],{"className":50,"code":72705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72707,72708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72709,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722,72724,72726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72711,1785],{"class":71},[57,72713,3543],{"class":169},[57,72715,184],{"class":173},[57,72717,3543],{"class":169},[57,72719,79],{"class":71},[57,72721,3538],{"class":169},[57,72723,33451],{"class":173},[57,72725,3543],{"class":169},[57,72727,95],{"class":71},[20,72729,72730,72731,72733],{},"If you need to remove ",[1399,72732,3955],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[48,72735,72737],{"className":50,"code":72736,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72738,72739,72779,72813],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72740,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749,72751,72753,72755,72757,72759,72761,72763,72765,72767,72769,72771,72773,72775,72777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72742,1147],{"class":63},[57,72744,68],{"class":67},[57,72746,72],{"class":71},[57,72748,170],{"class":169},[57,72750,174],{"class":173},[57,72752,170],{"class":169},[57,72754,79],{"class":71},[57,72756,181],{"class":169},[57,72758,184],{"class":173},[57,72760,170],{"class":169},[57,72762,79],{"class":71},[57,72764,181],{"class":169},[57,72766,174],{"class":173},[57,72768,170],{"class":169},[57,72770,79],{"class":71},[57,72772,181],{"class":169},[57,72774,33451],{"class":173},[57,72776,170],{"class":169},[57,72778,95],{"class":71},[57,72780,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72798,72800,72802,72805,72807,72809,72811],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72782,1147],{"class":63},[57,72784,68],{"class":67},[57,72786,72],{"class":71},[57,72788,28769],{"class":63},[57,72790,6189],{"class":1962},[57,72792,6192],{"class":63},[57,72794,1969],{"class":1962},[57,72796,72797],{"class":63}," items ",[57,72799,7228],{"class":1962},[57,72801,6192],{"class":63},[57,72803,72804],{"class":67},"!=",[57,72806,181],{"class":169},[57,72808,174],{"class":173},[57,72810,170],{"class":169},[57,72812,95],{"class":71},[57,72814,72815,72817,72819,72821],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,72816,102],{"class":101},[57,72818,105],{"class":71},[57,72820,1199],{"class":113},[57,72822,316],{"class":71},[20,72824,216],{},[48,72826,72827],{"className":50,"code":72705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,72828,72829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72830,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72832,1785],{"class":71},[57,72834,3543],{"class":169},[57,72836,184],{"class":173},[57,72838,3543],{"class":169},[57,72840,79],{"class":71},[57,72842,3538],{"class":169},[57,72844,33451],{"class":173},[57,72846,3543],{"class":169},[57,72848,95],{"class":71},[43,72850,65848],{"id":65847},[20,72852,65851,72853,620],{},[15,72854,1420],{},[48,72856,72858],{"className":50,"code":72857,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72859,72860,72892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72861,72862,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72863,1147],{"class":63},[57,72865,68],{"class":67},[57,72867,72],{"class":71},[57,72869,170],{"class":169},[57,72871,174],{"class":173},[57,72873,170],{"class":169},[57,72875,79],{"class":71},[57,72877,181],{"class":169},[57,72879,184],{"class":173},[57,72881,170],{"class":169},[57,72883,79],{"class":71},[57,72885,181],{"class":169},[57,72887,33451],{"class":173},[57,72889,170],{"class":169},[57,72891,95],{"class":71},[57,72893,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904,72906,72908],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72895,1199],{"class":63},[57,72897,620],{"class":71},[57,72899,35024],{"class":113},[57,72901,105],{"class":71},[57,72903,170],{"class":169},[57,72905,22763],{"class":173},[57,72907,170],{"class":169},[57,72909,316],{"class":71},[20,72911,216],{},[48,72913,72915],{"className":50,"code":72914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72916,72917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72918,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939,72941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72920,1420],{"class":1102},[57,72922,270],{"class":71},[57,72924,22790],{"class":1102},[57,72926,620],{"class":71},[57,72928,35024],{"class":113},[57,72930,105],{"class":71},[57,72932,1956],{"class":113},[57,72934,16681],{"class":71},[57,72936,1966],{"class":63},[57,72938,1401],{"class":67},[57,72940,21404],{"class":67},[57,72942,72943],{"class":1102}," list\n",[20,72945,72946],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72948,72949],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[48,72951,72953],{"className":50,"code":72952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72954,72955,72987,72999,73003,73015,73030,73034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,72956,72957,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981,72983,72985],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,72958,1147],{"class":63},[57,72960,68],{"class":67},[57,72962,72],{"class":71},[57,72964,170],{"class":169},[57,72966,174],{"class":173},[57,72968,170],{"class":169},[57,72970,79],{"class":71},[57,72972,181],{"class":169},[57,72974,184],{"class":173},[57,72976,170],{"class":169},[57,72978,79],{"class":71},[57,72980,181],{"class":169},[57,72982,33451],{"class":173},[57,72984,170],{"class":169},[57,72986,95],{"class":71},[57,72988,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,72990,2696],{"class":63},[57,72992,68],{"class":67},[57,72994,181],{"class":169},[57,72996,22763],{"class":173},[57,72998,3602],{"class":169},[57,73000,73001],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,73002,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,73004,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,73006,7228],{"class":1962},[57,73008,21814],{"class":63},[57,73010,1969],{"class":67},[57,73012,1972],{"class":63},[57,73014,6623],{"class":71},[57,73016,73017,73020,73022,73024,73026,73028],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,73018,73019],{"class":63},"    items",[57,73021,620],{"class":71},[57,73023,35024],{"class":113},[57,73025,105],{"class":71},[57,73027,364],{"class":113},[57,73029,316],{"class":71},[57,73031,73032],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,73033,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,73035,73036,73038,73040,73042],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,73037,102],{"class":101},[57,73039,105],{"class":71},[57,73041,1199],{"class":113},[57,73043,316],{"class":71},[20,73045,216],{},[48,73047,73049],{"className":50,"code":73048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,73050,73051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73052,73053,73055,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73054,1785],{"class":71},[57,73056,3543],{"class":169},[57,73058,174],{"class":173},[57,73060,3543],{"class":169},[57,73062,79],{"class":71},[57,73064,3538],{"class":169},[57,73066,184],{"class":173},[57,73068,3543],{"class":169},[57,73070,79],{"class":71},[57,73072,3538],{"class":169},[57,73074,33451],{"class":173},[57,73076,3543],{"class":169},[57,73078,95],{"class":71},[20,73080,73081,73082,73084],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73083,55748],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73086,73087,73088,620],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[614,73089,1533],{"href":1532},[43,73091,73093],{"id":73092},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73095,73096,1242,73098,73100],{},[15,73097,55748],{},[15,73099,12992],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[30,73102,73103,73110,73116,73122],{},[33,73104,73105,73107,73108],{},[15,73106,55748],{}," deletes by ",[1399,73109,364],{},[33,73111,73112,73107,73114],{},[15,73113,12992],{},[1399,73115,36077],{},[33,73117,73118,2646,73120],{},[15,73119,55748],{},[15,73121,1524],{},[33,73123,73124,73126],{},[15,73125,12992],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73128,46265,73129,270],{},[15,73130,55748],{},[48,73132,73134],{"className":50,"code":73133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73135,73136,73168,73186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73137,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73139,1147],{"class":63},[57,73141,68],{"class":67},[57,73143,72],{"class":71},[57,73145,170],{"class":169},[57,73147,174],{"class":173},[57,73149,170],{"class":169},[57,73151,79],{"class":71},[57,73153,181],{"class":169},[57,73155,184],{"class":173},[57,73157,170],{"class":169},[57,73159,79],{"class":71},[57,73161,181],{"class":169},[57,73163,33451],{"class":173},[57,73165,170],{"class":169},[57,73167,95],{"class":71},[57,73169,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,73171,1199],{"class":63},[57,73173,620],{"class":71},[57,73175,35024],{"class":113},[57,73177,105],{"class":71},[57,73179,170],{"class":169},[57,73181,184],{"class":173},[57,73183,170],{"class":169},[57,73185,316],{"class":71},[57,73187,73188,73190,73192,73194],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,73189,102],{"class":101},[57,73191,105],{"class":71},[57,73193,1199],{"class":113},[57,73195,316],{"class":71},[20,73197,216],{},[48,73199,73201],{"className":50,"code":73200,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73202,73203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73204,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73206,1785],{"class":71},[57,73208,3543],{"class":169},[57,73210,174],{"class":173},[57,73212,3543],{"class":169},[57,73214,79],{"class":71},[57,73216,3538],{"class":169},[57,73218,33451],{"class":173},[57,73220,3543],{"class":169},[57,73222,95],{"class":71},[20,73224,46265,73225,270],{},[15,73226,12992],{},[48,73228,73230],{"className":50,"code":73229,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73231,73232,73264,73283,73287,73297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73233,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73235,1147],{"class":63},[57,73237,68],{"class":67},[57,73239,72],{"class":71},[57,73241,170],{"class":169},[57,73243,174],{"class":173},[57,73245,170],{"class":169},[57,73247,79],{"class":71},[57,73249,181],{"class":169},[57,73251,184],{"class":173},[57,73253,170],{"class":169},[57,73255,79],{"class":71},[57,73257,181],{"class":169},[57,73259,33451],{"class":173},[57,73261,170],{"class":169},[57,73263,95],{"class":71},[57,73265,73266,73269,73271,73273,73275,73277,73279,73281],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,73267,73268],{"class":63},"removed_item ",[57,73270,68],{"class":67},[57,73272,1972],{"class":63},[57,73274,620],{"class":71},[57,73276,26472],{"class":113},[57,73278,105],{"class":71},[57,73280,3231],{"class":75},[57,73282,316],{"class":71},[57,73284,73285],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,73286,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,73288,73289,73291,73293,73295],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,73290,102],{"class":101},[57,73292,105],{"class":71},[57,73294,1199],{"class":113},[57,73296,316],{"class":71},[57,73298,73299,73301,73303,73306],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,73300,102],{"class":101},[57,73302,105],{"class":71},[57,73304,73305],{"class":113},"removed_item",[57,73307,316],{"class":71},[20,73309,216],{},[48,73311,73313],{"className":50,"code":73312,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73314,73315,73335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73316,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73318,1785],{"class":71},[57,73320,3543],{"class":169},[57,73322,174],{"class":173},[57,73324,3543],{"class":169},[57,73326,79],{"class":71},[57,73328,3538],{"class":169},[57,73330,33451],{"class":173},[57,73332,3543],{"class":169},[57,73334,95],{"class":71},[57,73336,73337],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,73338,70620],{"class":63},[20,73340,1806,73341,73343],{},[15,73342,55748],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73345,1806,73346,73348],{},[15,73347,12992],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73350,73351,73352,620],{},"For more detail, see the ",[614,73353,73354],{"href":55298},"Python list pop() method",[43,73356,73358],{"id":73357},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73360,73361,1242,73363,73365],{},[15,73362,55748],{},[15,73364,27255],{}," are also different.",[30,73367,73368,73373,73378,73383],{},[33,73369,73370,73372],{},[15,73371,55748],{}," deletes by matching value",[33,73374,73375,73377],{},[15,73376,27255],{}," deletes by index or slice",[33,73379,1806,73380,73382],{},[15,73381,27255],{}," when you know the position",[33,73384,1806,73385,73387],{},[15,73386,55748],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73389,46265,73390,270],{},[15,73391,27255],{},[48,73393,73395],{"className":50,"code":73394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73396,73397,73429,73441],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73398,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73400,1147],{"class":63},[57,73402,68],{"class":67},[57,73404,72],{"class":71},[57,73406,170],{"class":169},[57,73408,174],{"class":173},[57,73410,170],{"class":169},[57,73412,79],{"class":71},[57,73414,181],{"class":169},[57,73416,184],{"class":173},[57,73418,170],{"class":169},[57,73420,79],{"class":71},[57,73422,181],{"class":169},[57,73424,33451],{"class":173},[57,73426,170],{"class":169},[57,73428,95],{"class":71},[57,73430,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,73432,27255],{"class":1962},[57,73434,1972],{"class":63},[57,73436,1785],{"class":71},[57,73438,3231],{"class":75},[57,73440,95],{"class":71},[57,73442,73443,73445,73447,73449],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,73444,102],{"class":101},[57,73446,105],{"class":71},[57,73448,1199],{"class":113},[57,73450,316],{"class":71},[20,73452,216],{},[48,73454,73455],{"className":50,"code":73200,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,73456,73457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73458,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73460,1785],{"class":71},[57,73462,3543],{"class":169},[57,73464,174],{"class":173},[57,73466,3543],{"class":169},[57,73468,79],{"class":71},[57,73470,3538],{"class":169},[57,73472,33451],{"class":173},[57,73474,3543],{"class":169},[57,73476,95],{"class":71},[20,73478,73479,73480,73482,73483,73485],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73481,3231],{},", not the value ",[15,73484,854],{}," directly.",[20,73487,73488,73489,620],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[614,73490,55287],{"href":55286},[43,73492,1829],{"id":1828},[20,73494,21442,73495,270],{},[15,73496,55748],{},[30,73498,73499,73502,73507,73514,73523],{},[33,73500,73501],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[33,73503,1848,73504,73506],{},[15,73505,55748],{}," to delete all matching values",[33,73508,12823,73509,73511,73512],{},[15,73510,55748],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73513,1524],{},[33,73515,443,73516,44855,73518,3122,73520,73522],{},[15,73517,55748],{},[15,73519,12992],{},[15,73521,27255],{}," would be a better fit",[33,73524,73525],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73527,71720],{},[48,73529,73531],{"className":50,"code":73530,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73532,73533,73543,73557,73575,73589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73534,73535,73537,73539,73541],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73536,102],{"class":101},[57,73538,105],{"class":71},[57,73540,8567],{"class":113},[57,73542,316],{"class":71},[57,73544,73545,73547,73549,73551,73553,73555],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,73546,102],{"class":101},[57,73548,105],{"class":71},[57,73550,2696],{"class":113},[57,73552,1969],{"class":1962},[57,73554,8624],{"class":113},[57,73556,316],{"class":71},[57,73558,73559,73561,73563,73565,73567,73569,73571,73573],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,73560,102],{"class":101},[57,73562,105],{"class":71},[57,73564,8567],{"class":113},[57,73566,620],{"class":71},[57,73568,41486],{"class":113},[57,73570,105],{"class":71},[57,73572,364],{"class":113},[57,73574,117],{"class":71},[57,73576,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,73578,102],{"class":101},[57,73580,105],{"class":71},[57,73582,1886],{"class":1102},[57,73584,105],{"class":71},[57,73586,8567],{"class":113},[57,73588,117],{"class":71},[57,73590,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,73592,32382],{"class":101},[57,73594,105],{"class":71},[57,73596,8321],{"class":1102},[57,73598,620],{"class":71},[57,73600,35024],{"class":1108},[57,73602,316],{"class":71},[20,73604,73605],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[30,73607,73608,73611,73614,73617],{},[33,73609,73610],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[33,73612,73613],{},"How many times does it appear?",[33,73615,73616],{},"Am I working with a list?",[33,73618,73619],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73621,73622,73623,73625],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[614,73624,71882],{"href":59182}," may also help.",[43,73627,2011],{"id":2010},[943,73629,73631],{"id":73630},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73633,73634],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[943,73636,73638],{"id":73637},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73640,5379,73641,73643],{},[15,73642,1524],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[943,73645,73647],{"id":73646},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73649,73650,73651,73654,73655,620],{},"Check with ",[15,73652,73653],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73656,55748],{},[943,73658,73660],{"id":73659},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73662,1806,73663,73665,73666,73668],{},[15,73664,55748],{}," for a value and ",[15,73667,12992],{}," for an index.",[43,73670,2135],{"id":2134},[30,73672,73673,73677,73681,73685,73689],{},[33,73674,73675],{},[614,73676,55734],{"href":55286},[33,73678,73679],{},[614,73680,73354],{"href":55298},[33,73682,73683],{},[614,73684,71882],{"href":59182},[33,73686,73687],{},[614,73688,1533],{"href":1532},[33,73690,73691],{},[614,73692,73694],{"href":73693},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2172,73696,73697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":73699},[73700,73701,73702,73703,73704,73705,73706,73707,73708,73709,73715],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":72027,"depth":98,"text":72028},{"id":5661,"depth":98,"text":5662},{"id":6017,"depth":98,"text":6018},{"id":72480,"depth":98,"text":72481},{"id":65847,"depth":98,"text":65848},{"id":73092,"depth":98,"text":73093},{"id":73357,"depth":98,"text":73358},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":73710},[73711,73712,73713,73714],{"id":73630,"depth":120,"text":73631},{"id":73637,"depth":120,"text":73638},{"id":73646,"depth":120,"text":73647},{"id":73659,"depth":120,"text":73660},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71930,"description":73716},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73723,"title":73724,"body":73725,"description":75613,"extension":2219,"meta":75614,"navigation":123,"path":75615,"seo":75616,"stem":75617,"__hash__":75618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73726,"toc":75583},[73727,73733,73739,73742,73753,73755,73804,73809,73814,73818,73833,73835,73900,73902,73943,73945,73947,73962,73964,73975,73977,74034,74036,74069,74071,74074,74123,74125,74150,74152,74168,74174,74181,74242,74244,74277,74282,74285,74365,74367,74428,74434,74438,74441,74505,74507,74532,74534,74554,74556,74605,74607,74628,74636,74639,74643,74648,74693,74695,74716,74722,74726,74733,74797,74799,74836,74842,74846,74853,74918,74920,74957,74961,74978,74988,74993,74998,75009,75016,75018,75024,75047,75050,75077,75082,75085,75186,75188,75243,75246,75353,75355,75426,75429,75455,75457,75462,75466,75474,75479,75484,75490,75495,75499,75502,75519,75522,75542,75550,75552,75580],[10,73728,54561,73730,11549],{"id":73729},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73731,73732],{},"reverse()",[20,73734,73735,73738],{},[15,73736,73737],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73740,73741],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73743,73744,73745,73747,73748,73752],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73746,73732],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[614,73749,73751],{"href":73750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[43,73754,3850],{"id":3849},[48,73756,73758],{"className":50,"code":73757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73759,73760,73780,73791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73761,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73763,64],{"class":63},[57,73765,68],{"class":67},[57,73767,72],{"class":71},[57,73769,3231],{"class":75},[57,73771,79],{"class":71},[57,73773,87],{"class":75},[57,73775,79],{"class":71},[57,73777,1793],{"class":75},[57,73779,95],{"class":71},[57,73781,73782,73784,73786,73789],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,73783,114],{"class":63},[57,73785,620],{"class":71},[57,73787,73788],{"class":113},"reverse",[57,73790,8870],{"class":71},[57,73792,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,73794,102],{"class":101},[57,73796,105],{"class":71},[57,73798,114],{"class":113},[57,73800,1959],{"class":71},[57,73802,73803],{"class":3903},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73805,73806,73808],{},[15,73807,73732],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[43,73810,262,73812,265],{"id":73811},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73813,73737],{},[20,73815,73816,270],{},[15,73817,73737],{},[30,73819,73820,73823,73826,73830],{},[33,73821,73822],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[33,73824,73825],{},"Changes the original list directly",[33,73827,11651,73828],{},[15,73829,1524],{},[33,73831,73832],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73834,864],{},[48,73836,73838],{"className":50,"code":73837,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73839,73840,73880,73890],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73841,73842,73844,73846,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73843,36322],{"class":63},[57,73845,68],{"class":67},[57,73847,72],{"class":71},[57,73849,170],{"class":169},[57,73851,614],{"class":173},[57,73853,170],{"class":169},[57,73855,79],{"class":71},[57,73857,181],{"class":169},[57,73859,4993],{"class":173},[57,73861,170],{"class":169},[57,73863,79],{"class":71},[57,73865,181],{"class":169},[57,73867,9966],{"class":173},[57,73869,170],{"class":169},[57,73871,79],{"class":71},[57,73873,181],{"class":169},[57,73875,18999],{"class":173},[57,73877,170],{"class":169},[57,73879,95],{"class":71},[57,73881,73882,73884,73886,73888],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,73883,36375],{"class":63},[57,73885,620],{"class":71},[57,73887,73788],{"class":113},[57,73889,8870],{"class":71},[57,73891,73892,73894,73896,73898],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,73893,102],{"class":101},[57,73895,105],{"class":71},[57,73897,36375],{"class":113},[57,73899,316],{"class":71},[20,73901,216],{},[48,73903,73905],{"className":50,"code":73904,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73906,73907],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73908,73909,73911,73913,73915,73917,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73910,1785],{"class":71},[57,73912,3543],{"class":169},[57,73914,18999],{"class":173},[57,73916,3543],{"class":169},[57,73918,79],{"class":71},[57,73920,3538],{"class":169},[57,73922,9966],{"class":173},[57,73924,3543],{"class":169},[57,73926,79],{"class":71},[57,73928,3538],{"class":169},[57,73930,4993],{"class":173},[57,73932,3543],{"class":169},[57,73934,79],{"class":71},[57,73936,3538],{"class":169},[57,73938,614],{"class":173},[57,73940,3543],{"class":169},[57,73942,95],{"class":71},[43,73944,294],{"id":293},[20,73946,2412],{},[48,73948,73950],{"className":50,"code":73949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73951,73952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73953,73954,73956,73958,73960],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73955,8567],{"class":63},[57,73957,620],{"class":71},[57,73959,73788],{"class":113},[57,73961,8870],{"class":71},[20,73963,13282],{},[30,73965,73966,73969,73972],{},[33,73967,73968],{},"No arguments are needed",[33,73970,73971],{},"You call it on an existing list",[33,73973,73974],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73976,864],{},[48,73978,73980],{"className":50,"code":73979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73981,73982,74014,74024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,73983,73984,73986,73988,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,73985,13306],{"class":63},[57,73987,68],{"class":67},[57,73989,72],{"class":71},[57,73991,170],{"class":169},[57,73993,13323],{"class":173},[57,73995,170],{"class":169},[57,73997,79],{"class":71},[57,73999,181],{"class":169},[57,74001,17686],{"class":173},[57,74003,170],{"class":169},[57,74005,79],{"class":71},[57,74007,181],{"class":169},[57,74009,13340],{"class":173},[57,74011,170],{"class":169},[57,74013,95],{"class":71},[57,74015,74016,74018,74020,74022],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74017,17733],{"class":63},[57,74019,620],{"class":71},[57,74021,73788],{"class":113},[57,74023,8870],{"class":71},[57,74025,74026,74028,74030,74032],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74027,102],{"class":101},[57,74029,105],{"class":71},[57,74031,17733],{"class":113},[57,74033,316],{"class":71},[20,74035,216],{},[48,74037,74039],{"className":50,"code":74038,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,74040,74041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74042,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74044,1785],{"class":71},[57,74046,3543],{"class":169},[57,74048,13340],{"class":173},[57,74050,3543],{"class":169},[57,74052,79],{"class":71},[57,74054,3538],{"class":169},[57,74056,17686],{"class":173},[57,74058,3543],{"class":169},[57,74060,79],{"class":71},[57,74062,3538],{"class":169},[57,74064,13323],{"class":173},[57,74066,3543],{"class":169},[57,74068,95],{"class":71},[43,74070,11703],{"id":11702},[20,74072,74073],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[48,74075,74077],{"className":50,"code":74076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74078,74079,74103,74113],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74080,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095,74097,74099,74101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74082,64],{"class":63},[57,74084,68],{"class":67},[57,74086,72],{"class":71},[57,74088,1561],{"class":75},[57,74090,79],{"class":71},[57,74092,1617],{"class":75},[57,74094,79],{"class":71},[57,74096,1575],{"class":75},[57,74098,79],{"class":71},[57,74100,51064],{"class":75},[57,74102,95],{"class":71},[57,74104,74105,74107,74109,74111],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74106,114],{"class":63},[57,74108,620],{"class":71},[57,74110,73788],{"class":113},[57,74112,8870],{"class":71},[57,74114,74115,74117,74119,74121],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74116,102],{"class":101},[57,74118,105],{"class":71},[57,74120,114],{"class":113},[57,74122,316],{"class":71},[20,74124,216],{},[48,74126,74128],{"className":50,"code":74127,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74129,74130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74131,74132,74134,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146,74148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74133,1785],{"class":71},[57,74135,56912],{"class":75},[57,74137,79],{"class":71},[57,74139,1575],{"class":75},[57,74141,79],{"class":71},[57,74143,1617],{"class":75},[57,74145,79],{"class":71},[57,74147,6234],{"class":75},[57,74149,95],{"class":71},[20,74151,11912],{},[30,74153,74154,74160,74165],{},[33,74155,74156,74157],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74158,74159],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[33,74161,74162,74164],{},[15,74163,73732],{}," flips the order",[33,74166,74167],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[43,74169,74171,74173],{"id":74170},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74172,73732],{}," changes the original list",[20,74175,74176,74177,74180],{},"This method is ",[1399,74178,74179],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[48,74182,74184],{"className":50,"code":74183,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74185,74186,74218,74228,74232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74187,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74189,36471],{"class":63},[57,74191,68],{"class":67},[57,74193,72],{"class":71},[57,74195,170],{"class":169},[57,74197,174],{"class":173},[57,74199,170],{"class":169},[57,74201,79],{"class":71},[57,74203,181],{"class":169},[57,74205,184],{"class":173},[57,74207,170],{"class":169},[57,74209,79],{"class":71},[57,74211,181],{"class":169},[57,74213,4329],{"class":173},[57,74215,170],{"class":169},[57,74217,95],{"class":71},[57,74219,74220,74222,74224,74226],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74221,36523],{"class":63},[57,74223,620],{"class":71},[57,74225,73788],{"class":113},[57,74227,8870],{"class":71},[57,74229,74230],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74231,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,74233,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,74235,102],{"class":101},[57,74237,105],{"class":71},[57,74239,36523],{"class":113},[57,74241,316],{"class":71},[20,74243,216],{},[48,74245,74247],{"className":50,"code":74246,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74248,74249],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74252,1785],{"class":71},[57,74254,3543],{"class":169},[57,74256,4329],{"class":173},[57,74258,3543],{"class":169},[57,74260,79],{"class":71},[57,74262,3538],{"class":169},[57,74264,184],{"class":173},[57,74266,3543],{"class":169},[57,74268,79],{"class":71},[57,74270,3538],{"class":169},[57,74272,174],{"class":173},[57,74274,3543],{"class":169},[57,74276,95],{"class":71},[20,74278,1806,74279,74281],{},[15,74280,73732],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74283,74284],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[48,74286,74288],{"className":50,"code":74287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74289,74290,74322,74340,74344,74354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74291,74292,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74293,36471],{"class":63},[57,74295,68],{"class":67},[57,74297,72],{"class":71},[57,74299,170],{"class":169},[57,74301,174],{"class":173},[57,74303,170],{"class":169},[57,74305,79],{"class":71},[57,74307,181],{"class":169},[57,74309,184],{"class":173},[57,74311,170],{"class":169},[57,74313,79],{"class":71},[57,74315,181],{"class":169},[57,74317,4329],{"class":173},[57,74319,170],{"class":169},[57,74321,95],{"class":71},[57,74323,74324,74327,74329,74331,74334,74336,74338],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74325,74326],{"class":63},"reversed_fruits ",[57,74328,68],{"class":67},[57,74330,53070],{"class":63},[57,74332,74333],{"class":71},"[::",[57,74335,2277],{"class":67},[57,74337,3231],{"class":75},[57,74339,95],{"class":71},[57,74341,74342],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74343,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,74345,74346,74348,74350,74352],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,74347,102],{"class":101},[57,74349,105],{"class":71},[57,74351,36523],{"class":113},[57,74353,316],{"class":71},[57,74355,74356,74358,74360,74363],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,74357,102],{"class":101},[57,74359,105],{"class":71},[57,74361,74362],{"class":113},"reversed_fruits",[57,74364,316],{"class":71},[20,74366,216],{},[48,74368,74370],{"className":50,"code":74369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74371,74372,74400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74373,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74375,1785],{"class":71},[57,74377,3543],{"class":169},[57,74379,174],{"class":173},[57,74381,3543],{"class":169},[57,74383,79],{"class":71},[57,74385,3538],{"class":169},[57,74387,184],{"class":173},[57,74389,3543],{"class":169},[57,74391,79],{"class":71},[57,74393,3538],{"class":169},[57,74395,4329],{"class":173},[57,74397,3543],{"class":169},[57,74399,95],{"class":71},[57,74401,74402,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420,74422,74424,74426],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74403,1785],{"class":71},[57,74405,3543],{"class":169},[57,74407,4329],{"class":173},[57,74409,3543],{"class":169},[57,74411,79],{"class":71},[57,74413,3538],{"class":169},[57,74415,184],{"class":173},[57,74417,3543],{"class":169},[57,74419,79],{"class":71},[57,74421,3538],{"class":169},[57,74423,174],{"class":173},[57,74425,3543],{"class":169},[57,74427,95],{"class":71},[20,74429,74430,74431,620],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[614,74432,74433],{"href":73750},"Python list slicing explained",[43,74435,74437],{"id":74436},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74439,74440],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[48,74442,74444],{"className":50,"code":74443,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74445,74446,74466,74480,74484,74495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74447,74448,74450,74452,74454,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74449,64],{"class":63},[57,74451,68],{"class":67},[57,74453,72],{"class":71},[57,74455,3231],{"class":75},[57,74457,79],{"class":71},[57,74459,87],{"class":75},[57,74461,79],{"class":71},[57,74463,1793],{"class":75},[57,74465,95],{"class":71},[57,74467,74468,74470,74472,74474,74476,74478],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74469,56109],{"class":63},[57,74471,68],{"class":67},[57,74473,4495],{"class":63},[57,74475,620],{"class":71},[57,74477,73788],{"class":113},[57,74479,8870],{"class":71},[57,74481,74482],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74483,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,74485,74486,74488,74490,74493],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,74487,102],{"class":101},[57,74489,105],{"class":71},[57,74491,74492],{"class":113},"new_list",[57,74494,316],{"class":71},[57,74496,74497,74499,74501,74503],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,74498,102],{"class":101},[57,74500,105],{"class":71},[57,74502,114],{"class":113},[57,74504,316],{"class":71},[20,74506,216],{},[48,74508,74510],{"className":50,"code":74509,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74511,74512,74516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74513,74514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74515,12037],{"class":1523},[57,74517,74518,74520,74522,74524,74526,74528,74530],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74519,1785],{"class":71},[57,74521,76],{"class":75},[57,74523,79],{"class":71},[57,74525,87],{"class":75},[57,74527,79],{"class":71},[57,74529,5729],{"class":75},[57,74531,95],{"class":71},[20,74533,12129],{},[30,74535,74536,74544,74548],{},[33,74537,74538,74540,74541,74543],{},[15,74539,73732],{}," changes ",[15,74542,114],{}," directly",[33,74545,1397,74546,72051],{},[1399,74547,1401],{},[33,74549,53872,74550,42382,74552],{},[15,74551,74492],{},[15,74553,1524],{},[20,74555,62116],{},[48,74557,74559],{"className":50,"code":74558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74560,74561,74581,74591,74595],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74562,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575,74577,74579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74564,64],{"class":63},[57,74566,68],{"class":67},[57,74568,72],{"class":71},[57,74570,3231],{"class":75},[57,74572,79],{"class":71},[57,74574,87],{"class":75},[57,74576,79],{"class":71},[57,74578,1793],{"class":75},[57,74580,95],{"class":71},[57,74582,74583,74585,74587,74589],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74584,114],{"class":63},[57,74586,620],{"class":71},[57,74588,73788],{"class":113},[57,74590,8870],{"class":71},[57,74592,74593],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74594,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,74596,74597,74599,74601,74603],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,74598,102],{"class":101},[57,74600,105],{"class":71},[57,74602,114],{"class":113},[57,74604,316],{"class":71},[20,74606,216],{},[48,74608,74610],{"className":50,"code":74609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74611,74612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74613,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624,74626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74615,1785],{"class":71},[57,74617,76],{"class":75},[57,74619,79],{"class":71},[57,74621,87],{"class":75},[57,74623,79],{"class":71},[57,74625,5729],{"class":75},[57,74627,95],{"class":71},[43,74629,74631,1682,74633,74635],{"id":74630},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74632,73732],{},[15,74634,619],{}," vs slicing",[20,74637,74638],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[943,74640,74641],{"id":73788},[15,74642,73732],{},[20,74644,74645,74647],{},[15,74646,73732],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[48,74649,74651],{"className":50,"code":74650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74652,74653,74673,74683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74654,74655,74657,74659,74661,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74656,64],{"class":63},[57,74658,68],{"class":67},[57,74660,72],{"class":71},[57,74662,76],{"class":75},[57,74664,79],{"class":71},[57,74666,5729],{"class":75},[57,74668,79],{"class":71},[57,74670,87],{"class":75},[57,74672,95],{"class":71},[57,74674,74675,74677,74679,74681],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74676,114],{"class":63},[57,74678,620],{"class":71},[57,74680,73788],{"class":113},[57,74682,8870],{"class":71},[57,74684,74685,74687,74689,74691],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74686,102],{"class":101},[57,74688,105],{"class":71},[57,74690,114],{"class":113},[57,74692,316],{"class":71},[20,74694,216],{},[48,74696,74698],{"className":50,"code":74697,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74699,74700],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74701,74702,74704,74706,74708,74710,74712,74714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74703,1785],{"class":71},[57,74705,1788],{"class":75},[57,74707,79],{"class":71},[57,74709,5729],{"class":75},[57,74711,79],{"class":71},[57,74713,1793],{"class":75},[57,74715,95],{"class":71},[20,74717,74718,74719,74721],{},"Notice that this is ",[1399,74720,1401],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[943,74723,74724],{"id":1763},[15,74725,619],{},[20,74727,74728,74732],{},[614,74729,74730],{"href":616},[15,74731,619],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[48,74734,74736],{"className":50,"code":74735,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74737,74738,74758,74773,74777,74787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74739,74740,74742,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74741,64],{"class":63},[57,74743,68],{"class":67},[57,74745,72],{"class":71},[57,74747,76],{"class":75},[57,74749,79],{"class":71},[57,74751,5729],{"class":75},[57,74753,79],{"class":71},[57,74755,87],{"class":75},[57,74757,95],{"class":71},[57,74759,74760,74762,74764,74767,74769,74771],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74761,1336],{"class":63},[57,74763,68],{"class":67},[57,74765,74766],{"class":101}," sorted",[57,74768,105],{"class":71},[57,74770,114],{"class":113},[57,74772,316],{"class":71},[57,74774,74775],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74776,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,74778,74779,74781,74783,74785],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,74780,102],{"class":101},[57,74782,105],{"class":71},[57,74784,114],{"class":113},[57,74786,316],{"class":71},[57,74788,74789,74791,74793,74795],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,74790,102],{"class":101},[57,74792,105],{"class":71},[57,74794,1368],{"class":113},[57,74796,316],{"class":71},[20,74798,216],{},[48,74800,74802],{"className":50,"code":74801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74803,74804,74820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74807,1785],{"class":71},[57,74809,76],{"class":75},[57,74811,79],{"class":71},[57,74813,5729],{"class":75},[57,74815,79],{"class":71},[57,74817,87],{"class":75},[57,74819,95],{"class":71},[57,74821,74822,74824,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74823,1785],{"class":71},[57,74825,3231],{"class":75},[57,74827,79],{"class":71},[57,74829,87],{"class":75},[57,74831,79],{"class":71},[57,74833,1793],{"class":75},[57,74835,95],{"class":71},[20,74837,74838,74839,620],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74840,74841],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[943,74843,74845],{"id":74844},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74847,74848,74849,74852],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74850,74851],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[48,74854,74856],{"className":50,"code":74855,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74857,74858,74878,74894,74898,74908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74859,74860,74862,74864,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74861,64],{"class":63},[57,74863,68],{"class":67},[57,74865,72],{"class":71},[57,74867,76],{"class":75},[57,74869,79],{"class":71},[57,74871,5729],{"class":75},[57,74873,79],{"class":71},[57,74875,87],{"class":75},[57,74877,95],{"class":71},[57,74879,74880,74882,74884,74886,74888,74890,74892],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74881,1336],{"class":63},[57,74883,68],{"class":67},[57,74885,4495],{"class":63},[57,74887,74333],{"class":71},[57,74889,2277],{"class":67},[57,74891,3231],{"class":75},[57,74893,95],{"class":71},[57,74895,74896],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,74897,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,74899,74900,74902,74904,74906],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,74901,102],{"class":101},[57,74903,105],{"class":71},[57,74905,114],{"class":113},[57,74907,316],{"class":71},[57,74909,74910,74912,74914,74916],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,74911,102],{"class":101},[57,74913,105],{"class":71},[57,74915,1368],{"class":113},[57,74917,316],{"class":71},[20,74919,216],{},[48,74921,74923],{"className":50,"code":74922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74924,74925,74941],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,74926,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935,74937,74939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,74928,1785],{"class":71},[57,74930,76],{"class":75},[57,74932,79],{"class":71},[57,74934,5729],{"class":75},[57,74936,79],{"class":71},[57,74938,87],{"class":75},[57,74940,95],{"class":71},[57,74942,74943,74945,74947,74949,74951,74953,74955],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,74944,1785],{"class":71},[57,74946,1788],{"class":75},[57,74948,79],{"class":71},[57,74950,5729],{"class":75},[57,74952,79],{"class":71},[57,74954,1793],{"class":75},[57,74956,95],{"class":71},[943,74958,74960],{"id":74959},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[30,74962,74963,74968,74973],{},[33,74964,1806,74965,74967],{},[15,74966,73732],{}," when you want to change the original list",[33,74969,1806,74970,74972],{},[15,74971,74851],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[33,74974,1806,74975,74977],{},[15,74976,619],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74979,74980,74981,74987],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[614,74982,74984,74985,10968],{"href":74983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74986,64530],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[43,74989,5194,74991],{"id":74990},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74992,73732],{},[20,74994,74995,74997],{},[15,74996,73732],{}," is a good choice:",[30,74999,75000,75003,75006],{},[33,75001,75002],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[33,75004,75005],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[33,75007,75008],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,75010,75011,75012,620],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[614,75013,75015],{"href":75014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[43,75017,1829],{"id":1828},[20,75019,75020,75021,75023],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,75022,73732],{}," for these reasons:",[30,75025,75026,75030,75035,75040],{},[33,75027,12823,75028,12826],{},[15,75029,73732],{},[33,75031,1848,75032,75034],{},[15,75033,73732],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[33,75036,443,75037,75039],{},[15,75038,73732],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[33,75041,37434,75042,8932,75044],{},[15,75043,73732],{},[15,75045,75046],{},"reversed()",[20,75048,75049],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[48,75051,75053],{"className":50,"code":75052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75054,75055,75067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75056,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75058,34918],{"class":63},[57,75060,68],{"class":67},[57,75062,181],{"class":169},[57,75064,4084],{"class":173},[57,75066,3602],{"class":169},[57,75068,75069,75071,75073,75075],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,75070,1222],{"class":63},[57,75072,620],{"class":71},[57,75074,73788],{"class":113},[57,75076,8870],{"class":71},[20,75078,75079,75080,33831],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75081,73732],{},[20,75083,75084],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[48,75086,75088],{"className":50,"code":75087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75089,75090,75110,75114,75124,75138,75142,75156,75166,75170],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75091,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104,75106,75108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75093,8536],{"class":63},[57,75095,68],{"class":67},[57,75097,72],{"class":71},[57,75099,3231],{"class":75},[57,75101,79],{"class":71},[57,75103,87],{"class":75},[57,75105,79],{"class":71},[57,75107,1793],{"class":75},[57,75109,95],{"class":71},[57,75111,75112],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,75113,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,75115,75116,75118,75120,75122],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,75117,102],{"class":101},[57,75119,105],{"class":71},[57,75121,8567],{"class":113},[57,75123,316],{"class":71},[57,75125,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,75127,102],{"class":101},[57,75129,105],{"class":71},[57,75131,1886],{"class":1102},[57,75133,105],{"class":71},[57,75135,8567],{"class":113},[57,75137,117],{"class":71},[57,75139,75140],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,75141,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,75143,75144,75146,75148,75150,75152,75154],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,75145,1336],{"class":63},[57,75147,68],{"class":67},[57,75149,8624],{"class":63},[57,75151,620],{"class":71},[57,75153,73788],{"class":113},[57,75155,8870],{"class":71},[57,75157,75158,75160,75162,75164],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,75159,102],{"class":101},[57,75161,105],{"class":71},[57,75163,1368],{"class":113},[57,75165,316],{"class":71},[57,75167,75168],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,75169,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,75171,75172,75174,75176,75178,75180,75182,75184],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,75173,102],{"class":101},[57,75175,105],{"class":71},[57,75177,8567],{"class":113},[57,75179,74333],{"class":71},[57,75181,2277],{"class":67},[57,75183,3231],{"class":75},[57,75185,1975],{"class":71},[20,75187,216],{},[48,75189,75191],{"className":50,"code":75190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75192,75193,75209,75223,75227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75194,75195,75197,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75196,1785],{"class":71},[57,75198,3231],{"class":75},[57,75200,79],{"class":71},[57,75202,87],{"class":75},[57,75204,79],{"class":71},[57,75206,1793],{"class":75},[57,75208,95],{"class":71},[57,75210,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,75212,3532],{"class":67},[57,75214,3535],{"class":1208},[57,75216,3538],{"class":169},[57,75218,8321],{"class":173},[57,75220,3543],{"class":169},[57,75222,3546],{"class":67},[57,75224,75225],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,75226,12037],{"class":1523},[57,75228,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,75230,1785],{"class":71},[57,75232,3231],{"class":75},[57,75234,79],{"class":71},[57,75236,87],{"class":75},[57,75238,79],{"class":71},[57,75240,5729],{"class":75},[57,75242,95],{"class":71},[20,75244,75245],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[48,75247,75249],{"className":50,"code":75248,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75250,75251,75271,75275,75285,75299,75303,75317,75327,75337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75252,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263,75265,75267,75269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75254,8536],{"class":63},[57,75256,68],{"class":67},[57,75258,72],{"class":71},[57,75260,3231],{"class":75},[57,75262,79],{"class":71},[57,75264,87],{"class":75},[57,75266,79],{"class":71},[57,75268,1793],{"class":75},[57,75270,95],{"class":71},[57,75272,75273],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,75274,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,75276,75277,75279,75281,75283],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,75278,102],{"class":101},[57,75280,105],{"class":71},[57,75282,8567],{"class":113},[57,75284,316],{"class":71},[57,75286,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,75288,102],{"class":101},[57,75290,105],{"class":71},[57,75292,1886],{"class":1102},[57,75294,105],{"class":71},[57,75296,8567],{"class":113},[57,75298,117],{"class":71},[57,75300,75301],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,75302,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,75304,75305,75307,75309,75311,75313,75315],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,75306,1336],{"class":63},[57,75308,68],{"class":67},[57,75310,8624],{"class":63},[57,75312,620],{"class":71},[57,75314,73788],{"class":113},[57,75316,8870],{"class":71},[57,75318,75319,75321,75323,75325],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,75320,102],{"class":101},[57,75322,105],{"class":71},[57,75324,1368],{"class":113},[57,75326,316],{"class":71},[57,75328,75329,75331,75333,75335],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,75330,102],{"class":101},[57,75332,105],{"class":71},[57,75334,8567],{"class":113},[57,75336,316],{"class":71},[57,75338,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347,75349,75351],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,75340,102],{"class":101},[57,75342,105],{"class":71},[57,75344,8567],{"class":113},[57,75346,74333],{"class":71},[57,75348,2277],{"class":67},[57,75350,3231],{"class":75},[57,75352,1975],{"class":71},[20,75354,216],{},[48,75356,75358],{"className":50,"code":75357,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75359,75360,75376,75390,75394,75410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75361,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75363,1785],{"class":71},[57,75365,3231],{"class":75},[57,75367,79],{"class":71},[57,75369,87],{"class":75},[57,75371,79],{"class":71},[57,75373,1793],{"class":75},[57,75375,95],{"class":71},[57,75377,75378,75380,75382,75384,75386,75388],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,75379,3532],{"class":67},[57,75381,3535],{"class":1208},[57,75383,3538],{"class":169},[57,75385,8321],{"class":173},[57,75387,3543],{"class":169},[57,75389,3546],{"class":67},[57,75391,75392],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,75393,12037],{"class":1523},[57,75395,75396,75398,75400,75402,75404,75406,75408],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,75397,1785],{"class":71},[57,75399,76],{"class":75},[57,75401,79],{"class":71},[57,75403,87],{"class":75},[57,75405,79],{"class":71},[57,75407,5729],{"class":75},[57,75409,95],{"class":71},[57,75411,75412,75414,75416,75418,75420,75422,75424],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,75413,1785],{"class":71},[57,75415,3231],{"class":75},[57,75417,79],{"class":71},[57,75419,87],{"class":75},[57,75421,79],{"class":71},[57,75423,1793],{"class":75},[57,75425,95],{"class":71},[20,75427,75428],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[30,75430,75431,75440,75449],{},[33,75432,28026,75433,75436,75437],{},[15,75434,75435],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75438,75439],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[33,75441,12145,75442,75445,75446,22790],{},[15,75443,75444],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[1399,75447,75448],{},"current",[33,75450,75451,75452],{},"So it prints ",[15,75453,75454],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[43,75456,2011],{"id":2010},[943,75458,12933,75460,55688],{"id":75459},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75461,73737],{},[20,75463,62821,75464,620],{},[15,75465,1524],{},[943,75467,34435,75469,34438,75471,2053],{"id":75468},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75470,73732],{},[15,75472,75473],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75475,75476,75478],{},[15,75477,73732],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75480,75481,75483],{},[15,75482,75473],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[943,75485,28559,75487,75489],{"id":75486},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75488,73732],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75491,46590,75492,75494],{},[15,75493,73732],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[943,75496,75498],{"id":75497},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75500,75501],{},"Use slicing:",[48,75503,75505],{"className":50,"code":75504,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75506,75507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75508,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75510,8567],{"class":63},[57,75512,74333],{"class":71},[57,75514,2277],{"class":67},[57,75516,3231],{"class":75},[57,75518,95],{"class":71},[20,75520,75521],{},"Or use:",[48,75523,75525],{"className":50,"code":75524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75526,75527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75528,75529,75531,75533,75536,75538,75540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75530,8321],{"class":1102},[57,75532,105],{"class":71},[57,75534,75535],{"class":101},"reversed",[57,75537,105],{"class":71},[57,75539,8567],{"class":113},[57,75541,117],{"class":71},[20,75543,75544,75545,75549],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[614,75546,55739,75547],{"href":55179},[15,75548,13006],{}," can also help.",[43,75551,2135],{"id":2134},[30,75553,75554,75560,75566,75570,75574],{},[33,75555,75556],{},[614,75557,55739,75558,10968],{"href":74983},[15,75559,64530],{},[33,75561,75562],{},[614,75563,13,75564,2144],{"href":616},[15,75565,619],{},[33,75567,75568],{},[614,75569,75015],{"href":75014},[33,75571,75572],{},[614,75573,74433],{"href":73750},[33,75575,75576],{},[614,75577,55739,75578,10968],{"href":55179},[15,75579,13006],{},[2172,75581,75582],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":75584},[75585,75586,75588,75589,75590,75592,75593,75600,75602,75603,75612],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":73811,"depth":98,"text":75587},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":74170,"depth":98,"text":75591},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74436,"depth":98,"text":74437},{"id":74630,"depth":98,"text":75594,"children":75595},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75596,75597,75598,75599],{"id":73788,"depth":120,"text":73732},{"id":1763,"depth":120,"text":619},{"id":74844,"depth":120,"text":74845},{"id":74959,"depth":120,"text":74960},{"id":74990,"depth":98,"text":75601},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":75604},[75605,75607,75609,75611],{"id":75459,"depth":120,"text":75606},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75468,"depth":120,"text":75608},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75486,"depth":120,"text":75610},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75497,"depth":120,"text":75498},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73724,"description":75613},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75620,"title":75621,"body":75622,"description":78055,"extension":2219,"meta":78056,"navigation":123,"path":78057,"seo":78058,"stem":78059,"__hash__":78060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75623,"toc":78023},[75624,75627,75639,75642,75665,75673,75675,75787,75796,75800,75803,75806,75893,75895,75928,75930,75953,75959,75963,75966,75988,75990,76007,76010,76030,76032,76142,76144,76221,76225,76228,76271,76273,76406,76408,76510,76515,76519,76522,76524,76538,76541,76655,76657,76731,76733,76761,76765,76770,76800,76803,76929,76931,77013,77019,77023,77025,77064,77073,77077,77080,77084,77131,77133,77141,77145,77196,77198,77211,77213,77227,77230,77238,77240,77287,77289,77297,77300,77343,77348,77351,77354,77377,77381,77432,77435,77456,77466,77470,77472,77502,77505,77528,77532,77535,77602,77604,77641,77644,77652,77719,77721,77758,77764,77771,77775,77778,77808,77813,77817,77820,77844,77847,77941,77951,77953,77957,77960,77964,77967,77972,77975,77981,77984,77986,78014,78020],[10,75625,75621],{"id":75626},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75628,75629,75630,2441,75632,17302,75635,75638],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75631,36304],{},[15,75633,75634],{},"stop",[15,75636,75637],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75640,75641],{},"The basic slice form is:",[48,75643,75645],{"className":50,"code":75644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75646,75647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75648,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75650,8567],{"class":63},[57,75652,1785],{"class":71},[57,75654,36304],{"class":63},[57,75656,270],{"class":71},[57,75658,75634],{"class":63},[57,75660,270],{"class":71},[57,75662,75637],{"class":63},[57,75664,95],{"class":71},[20,75666,75667,75668,75670,75671,620],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75669,75634],{}," position is ",[1399,75672,65288],{},[43,75674,46],{"id":45},[48,75676,75678],{"className":50,"code":75677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75679,75680,75708,75712,75733,75751,75768],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75681,75682,75684,75686,75688,75690,75692,75694,75696,75698,75700,75702,75704,75706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75683,64],{"class":63},[57,75685,68],{"class":67},[57,75687,72],{"class":71},[57,75689,1561],{"class":75},[57,75691,79],{"class":71},[57,75693,1617],{"class":75},[57,75695,79],{"class":71},[57,75697,1575],{"class":75},[57,75699,79],{"class":71},[57,75701,51064],{"class":75},[57,75703,79],{"class":71},[57,75705,5313],{"class":75},[57,75707,95],{"class":71},[57,75709,75710],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,75711,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,75713,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,75715,102],{"class":101},[57,75717,105],{"class":71},[57,75719,114],{"class":113},[57,75721,1785],{"class":71},[57,75723,3231],{"class":75},[57,75725,270],{"class":71},[57,75727,647],{"class":75},[57,75729,20677],{"class":71},[57,75731,75732],{"class":3903},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[57,75734,75735,75737,75739,75741,75744,75746,75748],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,75736,102],{"class":101},[57,75738,105],{"class":71},[57,75740,114],{"class":113},[57,75742,75743],{"class":71},"[:",[57,75745,76],{"class":75},[57,75747,20677],{"class":71},[57,75749,75750],{"class":3903},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[57,75752,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,75754,102],{"class":101},[57,75756,105],{"class":71},[57,75758,114],{"class":113},[57,75760,74333],{"class":71},[57,75762,1788],{"class":75},[57,75764,20677],{"class":71},[57,75766,75767],{"class":3903},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[57,75769,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,75771,102],{"class":101},[57,75773,105],{"class":71},[57,75775,114],{"class":113},[57,75777,74333],{"class":71},[57,75779,2277],{"class":67},[57,75781,3231],{"class":75},[57,75783,20677],{"class":71},[57,75785,75786],{"class":3903},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75788,1806,75789,75792,75793,75795],{},[15,75790,75791],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75794,75634],{}," value is not included.",[43,75797,75799],{"id":75798},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75801,75802],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75804,75805],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[48,75807,75809],{"className":50,"code":75808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75810,75811,75859,75863,75882],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75812,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75814,36322],{"class":63},[57,75816,68],{"class":67},[57,75818,72],{"class":71},[57,75820,170],{"class":169},[57,75822,614],{"class":173},[57,75824,170],{"class":169},[57,75826,79],{"class":71},[57,75828,181],{"class":169},[57,75830,4993],{"class":173},[57,75832,170],{"class":169},[57,75834,79],{"class":71},[57,75836,181],{"class":169},[57,75838,9966],{"class":173},[57,75840,170],{"class":169},[57,75842,79],{"class":71},[57,75844,181],{"class":169},[57,75846,18999],{"class":173},[57,75848,170],{"class":169},[57,75850,79],{"class":71},[57,75852,181],{"class":169},[57,75854,60665],{"class":173},[57,75856,170],{"class":169},[57,75858,95],{"class":71},[57,75860,75861],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,75862,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,75864,75865,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,75866,75867],{"class":63},"part ",[57,75869,68],{"class":67},[57,75871,70310],{"class":63},[57,75873,1785],{"class":71},[57,75875,3231],{"class":75},[57,75877,270],{"class":71},[57,75879,647],{"class":75},[57,75881,95],{"class":71},[57,75883,75884,75886,75888,75891],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,75885,102],{"class":101},[57,75887,105],{"class":71},[57,75889,75890],{"class":113},"part",[57,75892,316],{"class":71},[20,75894,216],{},[48,75896,75898],{"className":50,"code":75897,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75899,75900],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75901,75902,75904,75906,75908,75910,75912,75914,75916,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75903,1785],{"class":71},[57,75905,3543],{"class":169},[57,75907,4993],{"class":173},[57,75909,3543],{"class":169},[57,75911,79],{"class":71},[57,75913,3538],{"class":169},[57,75915,9966],{"class":173},[57,75917,3543],{"class":169},[57,75919,79],{"class":71},[57,75921,3538],{"class":169},[57,75923,18999],{"class":173},[57,75925,3543],{"class":169},[57,75927,95],{"class":71},[20,75929,13282],{},[30,75931,75932,75935,75938,75944,75950],{},[33,75933,75934],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[33,75936,75937],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[33,75939,75940,75941],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75942,75943],{},"list[start:stop]",[33,75945,75946,75947,75949],{},"The item at ",[15,75948,75634],{}," is not included",[33,75951,75952],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75954,75955,75956,620],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[614,75957,75958],{"href":51200},"beginner guide to Python lists",[43,75960,75962],{"id":75961},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75964,75965],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[48,75967,75968],{"className":50,"code":75644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,75969,75970],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,75971,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,75973,8567],{"class":63},[57,75975,1785],{"class":71},[57,75977,36304],{"class":63},[57,75979,270],{"class":71},[57,75981,75634],{"class":63},[57,75983,270],{"class":71},[57,75985,75637],{"class":63},[57,75987,95],{"class":71},[20,75989,65264],{},[30,75991,75992,75997,76002],{},[33,75993,75994,75996],{},[15,75995,36304],{}," is where slicing begins",[33,75998,75999,76001],{},[15,76000,75634],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[33,76003,76004,76006],{},[15,76005,75637],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,76008,76009],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[30,76011,76012,76018,76023],{},[33,76013,76014,76015,76017],{},"Missing ",[15,76016,36304],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[33,76019,76014,76020,76022],{},[15,76021,75634],{}," means go to the end of the list",[33,76024,76014,76025,76027,76028],{},[15,76026,75637],{}," means use ",[15,76029,3231],{},[20,76031,864],{},[48,76033,76035],{"className":50,"code":76034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,76036,76037,76065,76069,76090,76107,76125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76038,76039,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76040,64],{"class":63},[57,76042,68],{"class":67},[57,76044,72],{"class":71},[57,76046,1561],{"class":75},[57,76048,79],{"class":71},[57,76050,1617],{"class":75},[57,76052,79],{"class":71},[57,76054,1575],{"class":75},[57,76056,79],{"class":71},[57,76058,51064],{"class":75},[57,76060,79],{"class":71},[57,76062,5313],{"class":75},[57,76064,95],{"class":71},[57,76066,76067],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76068,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,76070,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76072,102],{"class":101},[57,76074,105],{"class":71},[57,76076,114],{"class":113},[57,76078,1785],{"class":71},[57,76080,3231],{"class":75},[57,76082,270],{"class":71},[57,76084,647],{"class":75},[57,76086,20677],{"class":71},[57,76088,76089],{"class":3903},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[57,76091,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,76093,102],{"class":101},[57,76095,105],{"class":71},[57,76097,114],{"class":113},[57,76099,75743],{"class":71},[57,76101,76],{"class":75},[57,76103,20677],{"class":71},[57,76105,76106],{"class":3903},"    # start from the beginning\n",[57,76108,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76122],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,76110,102],{"class":101},[57,76112,105],{"class":71},[57,76114,114],{"class":113},[57,76116,1785],{"class":71},[57,76118,1788],{"class":75},[57,76120,76121],{"class":71},":])",[57,76123,76124],{"class":3903},"    # go to the end\n",[57,76126,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,76128,102],{"class":101},[57,76130,105],{"class":71},[57,76132,114],{"class":113},[57,76134,74333],{"class":71},[57,76136,3231],{"class":75},[57,76138,20677],{"class":71},[57,76140,76141],{"class":3903},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76143,216],{},[48,76145,76147],{"className":50,"code":76146,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76148,76149,76165,76181,76197],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76150,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76152,1785],{"class":71},[57,76154,1568],{"class":75},[57,76156,79],{"class":71},[57,76158,1575],{"class":75},[57,76160,79],{"class":71},[57,76162,51064],{"class":75},[57,76164,95],{"class":71},[57,76166,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177,76179],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76168,1785],{"class":71},[57,76170,1561],{"class":75},[57,76172,79],{"class":71},[57,76174,1617],{"class":75},[57,76176,79],{"class":71},[57,76178,1575],{"class":75},[57,76180,95],{"class":71},[57,76182,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76184,1785],{"class":71},[57,76186,37072],{"class":75},[57,76188,79],{"class":71},[57,76190,51064],{"class":75},[57,76192,79],{"class":71},[57,76194,5313],{"class":75},[57,76196,95],{"class":71},[57,76198,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,76200,1785],{"class":71},[57,76202,1561],{"class":75},[57,76204,79],{"class":71},[57,76206,1617],{"class":75},[57,76208,79],{"class":71},[57,76210,1575],{"class":75},[57,76212,79],{"class":71},[57,76214,51064],{"class":75},[57,76216,79],{"class":71},[57,76218,5313],{"class":75},[57,76220,95],{"class":71},[43,76222,76224],{"id":76223},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76226,76227],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[30,76229,76230,76239,76248,76259,76265],{},[33,76231,76232,76235,76236,1972],{},[15,76233,76234],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76237,76238],{},"n",[33,76240,76241,76244,76245,76247],{},[15,76242,76243],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76246,76238],{}," to the end",[33,76249,76250,76253,76254,76256,76257],{},[15,76251,76252],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76255,614],{}," up to ",[15,76258,4993],{},[33,76260,76261,76264],{},[15,76262,76263],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[33,76266,76267,76270],{},[15,76268,76269],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76272,864],{},[48,76274,76276],{"className":50,"code":76275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76277,76278,76311,76315,76332,76349,76370,76387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76279,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76281,64],{"class":63},[57,76283,68],{"class":67},[57,76285,72],{"class":71},[57,76287,1561],{"class":75},[57,76289,79],{"class":71},[57,76291,1617],{"class":75},[57,76293,79],{"class":71},[57,76295,1575],{"class":75},[57,76297,79],{"class":71},[57,76299,51064],{"class":75},[57,76301,79],{"class":71},[57,76303,5313],{"class":75},[57,76305,79],{"class":71},[57,76307,76308],{"class":75}," 60",[57,76310,95],{"class":71},[57,76312,76313],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76314,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,76316,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76318,102],{"class":101},[57,76320,105],{"class":71},[57,76322,114],{"class":113},[57,76324,75743],{"class":71},[57,76326,76],{"class":75},[57,76328,20677],{"class":71},[57,76330,76331],{"class":3903},"    # first 3 items\n",[57,76333,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,76335,102],{"class":101},[57,76337,105],{"class":71},[57,76339,114],{"class":113},[57,76341,1785],{"class":71},[57,76343,76],{"class":75},[57,76345,76121],{"class":71},[57,76347,76348],{"class":3903},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[57,76350,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,76352,102],{"class":101},[57,76354,105],{"class":71},[57,76356,114],{"class":113},[57,76358,1785],{"class":71},[57,76360,3231],{"class":75},[57,76362,270],{"class":71},[57,76364,2389],{"class":75},[57,76366,20677],{"class":71},[57,76368,76369],{"class":3903},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[57,76371,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,76373,102],{"class":101},[57,76375,105],{"class":71},[57,76377,114],{"class":113},[57,76379,74333],{"class":71},[57,76381,1788],{"class":75},[57,76383,20677],{"class":71},[57,76385,76386],{"class":3903},"   # every second item\n",[57,76388,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,76390,102],{"class":101},[57,76392,105],{"class":71},[57,76394,114],{"class":113},[57,76396,74333],{"class":71},[57,76398,2277],{"class":67},[57,76400,3231],{"class":75},[57,76402,20677],{"class":71},[57,76404,76405],{"class":3903},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76407,216],{},[48,76409,76411],{"className":50,"code":76410,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76412,76413,76429,76445,76465,76481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76414,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76416,1785],{"class":71},[57,76418,1561],{"class":75},[57,76420,79],{"class":71},[57,76422,1617],{"class":75},[57,76424,79],{"class":71},[57,76426,1575],{"class":75},[57,76428,95],{"class":71},[57,76430,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76432,1785],{"class":71},[57,76434,56912],{"class":75},[57,76436,79],{"class":71},[57,76438,5313],{"class":75},[57,76440,79],{"class":71},[57,76442,76308],{"class":75},[57,76444,95],{"class":71},[57,76446,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457,76459,76461,76463],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76448,1785],{"class":71},[57,76450,1568],{"class":75},[57,76452,79],{"class":71},[57,76454,1575],{"class":75},[57,76456,79],{"class":71},[57,76458,51064],{"class":75},[57,76460,79],{"class":71},[57,76462,5313],{"class":75},[57,76464,95],{"class":71},[57,76466,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,76468,1785],{"class":71},[57,76470,1561],{"class":75},[57,76472,79],{"class":71},[57,76474,1575],{"class":75},[57,76476,79],{"class":71},[57,76478,5313],{"class":75},[57,76480,95],{"class":71},[57,76482,76483,76485,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498,76500,76502,76504,76506,76508],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,76484,1785],{"class":71},[57,76486,76487],{"class":75},"60",[57,76489,79],{"class":71},[57,76491,5313],{"class":75},[57,76493,79],{"class":71},[57,76495,51064],{"class":75},[57,76497,79],{"class":71},[57,76499,1575],{"class":75},[57,76501,79],{"class":71},[57,76503,1617],{"class":75},[57,76505,79],{"class":71},[57,76507,6234],{"class":75},[57,76509,95],{"class":71},[20,76511,76512,76513,620],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[614,76514,15118],{"href":57439},[43,76516,76518],{"id":76517},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76520,76521],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76523,5703],{},[30,76525,76526,76532],{},[33,76527,76528,76531],{},[15,76529,76530],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[33,76533,76534,76537],{},[15,76535,76536],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76539,76540],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[48,76542,76544],{"className":50,"code":76543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76545,76546,76594,76598,76617,76636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76547,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76549,36322],{"class":63},[57,76551,68],{"class":67},[57,76553,72],{"class":71},[57,76555,170],{"class":169},[57,76557,614],{"class":173},[57,76559,170],{"class":169},[57,76561,79],{"class":71},[57,76563,181],{"class":169},[57,76565,4993],{"class":173},[57,76567,170],{"class":169},[57,76569,79],{"class":71},[57,76571,181],{"class":169},[57,76573,9966],{"class":173},[57,76575,170],{"class":169},[57,76577,79],{"class":71},[57,76579,181],{"class":169},[57,76581,18999],{"class":173},[57,76583,170],{"class":169},[57,76585,79],{"class":71},[57,76587,181],{"class":169},[57,76589,60665],{"class":173},[57,76591,170],{"class":169},[57,76593,95],{"class":71},[57,76595,76596],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76597,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,76599,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76601,102],{"class":101},[57,76603,105],{"class":71},[57,76605,36375],{"class":113},[57,76607,1785],{"class":71},[57,76609,2277],{"class":67},[57,76611,3231],{"class":75},[57,76613,20677],{"class":71},[57,76615,76616],{"class":3903},"    # last item\n",[57,76618,76619,76621,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,76620,102],{"class":101},[57,76622,105],{"class":71},[57,76624,36375],{"class":113},[57,76626,1785],{"class":71},[57,76628,2277],{"class":67},[57,76630,76],{"class":75},[57,76632,76121],{"class":71},[57,76634,76635],{"class":3903},"   # last 3 items\n",[57,76637,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,76639,102],{"class":101},[57,76641,105],{"class":71},[57,76643,36375],{"class":113},[57,76645,75743],{"class":71},[57,76647,2277],{"class":67},[57,76649,3231],{"class":75},[57,76651,20677],{"class":71},[57,76653,76654],{"class":3903},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76656,216],{},[48,76658,76660],{"className":50,"code":76659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76661,76662,76667,76695],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76663,76664],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76665,76666],{"class":63},"e\n",[57,76668,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76670,1785],{"class":71},[57,76672,3543],{"class":169},[57,76674,9966],{"class":173},[57,76676,3543],{"class":169},[57,76678,79],{"class":71},[57,76680,3538],{"class":169},[57,76682,18999],{"class":173},[57,76684,3543],{"class":169},[57,76686,79],{"class":71},[57,76688,3538],{"class":169},[57,76690,60665],{"class":173},[57,76692,3543],{"class":169},[57,76694,95],{"class":71},[57,76696,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76698,1785],{"class":71},[57,76700,3543],{"class":169},[57,76702,614],{"class":173},[57,76704,3543],{"class":169},[57,76706,79],{"class":71},[57,76708,3538],{"class":169},[57,76710,4993],{"class":173},[57,76712,3543],{"class":169},[57,76714,79],{"class":71},[57,76716,3538],{"class":169},[57,76718,9966],{"class":173},[57,76720,3543],{"class":169},[57,76722,79],{"class":71},[57,76724,3538],{"class":169},[57,76726,18999],{"class":173},[57,76728,3543],{"class":169},[57,76730,95],{"class":71},[20,76732,13282],{},[30,76734,76735,76738,76742,76748,76754],{},[33,76736,76737],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[33,76739,76740,76531],{},[15,76741,76530],{},[33,76743,76744,76747],{},[15,76745,76746],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[33,76749,76750,76753],{},[15,76751,76752],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[33,76755,76756,76757,1242,76759],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76758,36304],{},[15,76760,75634],{},[43,76762,76764],{"id":76763},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76766,935,76767,76769],{},[15,76768,75637],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[30,76771,76772,76775,76778,76783,76793],{},[33,76773,76774],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[33,76776,76777],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[33,76779,76780,76782],{},[15,76781,76269],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[33,76784,9103,76785,76787,76788,76790,76791],{},[15,76786,75637],{}," is negative, ",[15,76789,36304],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76792,75634],{},[33,76794,76795,76797,76798],{},[15,76796,75637],{}," cannot be ",[15,76799,1294],{},[20,76801,76802],{},"Example with different step values:",[48,76804,76806],{"className":50,"code":76805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76807,76808,76840,76844,76861,76883,76902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76809,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76811,64],{"class":63},[57,76813,68],{"class":67},[57,76815,72],{"class":71},[57,76817,1561],{"class":75},[57,76819,79],{"class":71},[57,76821,1617],{"class":75},[57,76823,79],{"class":71},[57,76825,1575],{"class":75},[57,76827,79],{"class":71},[57,76829,51064],{"class":75},[57,76831,79],{"class":71},[57,76833,5313],{"class":75},[57,76835,79],{"class":71},[57,76837,76308],{"class":75},[57,76839,95],{"class":71},[57,76841,76842],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76843,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,76845,76846,76848,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76847,102],{"class":101},[57,76849,105],{"class":71},[57,76851,114],{"class":113},[57,76853,74333],{"class":71},[57,76855,1788],{"class":75},[57,76857,20677],{"class":71},[57,76859,76860],{"class":3903},"     # every second item\n",[57,76862,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76876,76878,76880],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,76864,102],{"class":101},[57,76866,105],{"class":71},[57,76868,114],{"class":113},[57,76870,1785],{"class":71},[57,76872,3231],{"class":75},[57,76874,76875],{"class":71},"::",[57,76877,1788],{"class":75},[57,76879,20677],{"class":71},[57,76881,76882],{"class":3903},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[57,76884,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,76886,102],{"class":101},[57,76888,105],{"class":71},[57,76890,114],{"class":113},[57,76892,74333],{"class":71},[57,76894,2277],{"class":67},[57,76896,3231],{"class":75},[57,76898,20677],{"class":71},[57,76900,76901],{"class":3903},"    # reverse the list\n",[57,76903,76904,76906,76908,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,76905,102],{"class":101},[57,76907,105],{"class":71},[57,76909,114],{"class":113},[57,76911,1785],{"class":71},[57,76913,647],{"class":75},[57,76915,270],{"class":71},[57,76917,3231],{"class":75},[57,76919,270],{"class":71},[57,76921,2277],{"class":67},[57,76923,3231],{"class":75},[57,76925,20677],{"class":71},[57,76927,76928],{"class":3903},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76930,216],{},[48,76932,76934],{"className":50,"code":76933,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76935,76936,76952,76968,76996],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,76937,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,76939,1785],{"class":71},[57,76941,1561],{"class":75},[57,76943,79],{"class":71},[57,76945,1575],{"class":75},[57,76947,79],{"class":71},[57,76949,5313],{"class":75},[57,76951,95],{"class":71},[57,76953,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,76955,1785],{"class":71},[57,76957,1568],{"class":75},[57,76959,79],{"class":71},[57,76961,51064],{"class":75},[57,76963,79],{"class":71},[57,76965,76308],{"class":75},[57,76967,95],{"class":71},[57,76969,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,76971,1785],{"class":71},[57,76973,76487],{"class":75},[57,76975,79],{"class":71},[57,76977,5313],{"class":75},[57,76979,79],{"class":71},[57,76981,51064],{"class":75},[57,76983,79],{"class":71},[57,76985,1575],{"class":75},[57,76987,79],{"class":71},[57,76989,1617],{"class":75},[57,76991,79],{"class":71},[57,76993,6234],{"class":75},[57,76995,95],{"class":71},[57,76997,76998,77000,77003,77005,77007,77009,77011],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,76999,1785],{"class":71},[57,77001,77002],{"class":75},"50",[57,77004,79],{"class":71},[57,77006,51064],{"class":75},[57,77008,79],{"class":71},[57,77010,1575],{"class":75},[57,77012,95],{"class":71},[20,77014,77015,77016,620],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[614,77017,77018],{"href":75014},"how to reverse a list in Python",[943,77020,77022],{"id":77021},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,77024,3080],{},[48,77026,77028],{"className":50,"code":77027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77029,77030,77050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77031,77032,77034,77036,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77033,64],{"class":63},[57,77035,68],{"class":67},[57,77037,72],{"class":71},[57,77039,3231],{"class":75},[57,77041,79],{"class":71},[57,77043,87],{"class":75},[57,77045,79],{"class":71},[57,77047,1793],{"class":75},[57,77049,95],{"class":71},[57,77051,77052,77054,77056,77058,77060,77062],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77053,102],{"class":101},[57,77055,105],{"class":71},[57,77057,114],{"class":113},[57,77059,74333],{"class":71},[57,77061,1294],{"class":75},[57,77063,1975],{"class":71},[20,77065,77066,77067,77069,77070,77072],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77068,1420],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77071,1294],{}," does not make sense.",[43,77074,77076],{"id":77075},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77078,77079],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[943,77081,77083],{"id":77082},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[48,77085,77087],{"className":50,"code":77086,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77088,77089,77113,77117],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77090,77091,77093,77095,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77092,64],{"class":63},[57,77094,68],{"class":67},[57,77096,72],{"class":71},[57,77098,1561],{"class":75},[57,77100,79],{"class":71},[57,77102,1617],{"class":75},[57,77104,79],{"class":71},[57,77106,1575],{"class":75},[57,77108,79],{"class":71},[57,77110,51064],{"class":75},[57,77112,95],{"class":71},[57,77114,77115],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77116,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,77118,77119,77121,77123,77125,77127,77129],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,77120,102],{"class":101},[57,77122,105],{"class":71},[57,77124,114],{"class":113},[57,77126,1785],{"class":71},[57,77128,1788],{"class":75},[57,77130,1975],{"class":71},[20,77132,216],{},[48,77134,77135],{"className":50,"code":70054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,77136,77137],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77138,77139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77140,70054],{"class":75},[943,77142,77144],{"id":77143},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[48,77146,77148],{"className":50,"code":77147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77149,77150,77174,77178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77151,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164,77166,77168,77170,77172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77153,64],{"class":63},[57,77155,68],{"class":67},[57,77157,72],{"class":71},[57,77159,1561],{"class":75},[57,77161,79],{"class":71},[57,77163,1617],{"class":75},[57,77165,79],{"class":71},[57,77167,1575],{"class":75},[57,77169,79],{"class":71},[57,77171,51064],{"class":75},[57,77173,95],{"class":71},[57,77175,77176],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77177,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,77179,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188,77190,77192,77194],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,77181,102],{"class":101},[57,77183,105],{"class":71},[57,77185,114],{"class":113},[57,77187,1785],{"class":71},[57,77189,1788],{"class":75},[57,77191,270],{"class":71},[57,77193,76],{"class":75},[57,77195,1975],{"class":71},[20,77197,216],{},[48,77199,77201],{"className":50,"code":77200,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30]\n",[15,77202,77203],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77204,77205,77207,77209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77206,1785],{"class":71},[57,77208,37072],{"class":75},[57,77210,95],{"class":71},[20,77212,13993],{},[30,77214,77215,77221],{},[33,77216,77217,77220],{},[15,77218,77219],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[33,77222,77223,77226],{},[15,77224,77225],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77228,77229],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[30,77231,77232,77235],{},[33,77233,77234],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[33,77236,77237],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77239,864],{},[48,77241,77243],{"className":50,"code":77242,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77244,77245,77265,77269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77246,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77248,64],{"class":63},[57,77250,68],{"class":67},[57,77252,72],{"class":71},[57,77254,1561],{"class":75},[57,77256,79],{"class":71},[57,77258,1617],{"class":75},[57,77260,79],{"class":71},[57,77262,1575],{"class":75},[57,77264,95],{"class":71},[57,77266,77267],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77268,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,77270,77271,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281,77283,77285],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,77272,102],{"class":101},[57,77274,105],{"class":71},[57,77276,114],{"class":113},[57,77278,1785],{"class":71},[57,77280,2389],{"class":75},[57,77282,270],{"class":71},[57,77284,1561],{"class":75},[57,77286,1975],{"class":71},[20,77288,216],{},[48,77290,77291],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,77292,77293],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77294,77295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77296,38526],{"class":71},[20,77298,77299],{},"But this would raise an error:",[48,77301,77303],{"className":50,"code":77302,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77304,77305,77325,77329],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77306,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77308,64],{"class":63},[57,77310,68],{"class":67},[57,77312,72],{"class":71},[57,77314,1561],{"class":75},[57,77316,79],{"class":71},[57,77318,1617],{"class":75},[57,77320,79],{"class":71},[57,77322,1575],{"class":75},[57,77324,95],{"class":71},[57,77326,77327],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77328,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,77330,77331,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,77332,102],{"class":101},[57,77334,105],{"class":71},[57,77336,114],{"class":113},[57,77338,1785],{"class":71},[57,77340,2389],{"class":75},[57,77342,1975],{"class":71},[20,77344,77345,77346,620],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[614,77347,69474],{"href":69473},[43,77349,15407],{"id":77350},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77352,77353],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[30,77355,77356,77360,77362,77365,77371],{},[33,77357,4936,77358,75949],{},[15,77359,75634],{},[33,77361,60910],{},[33,77363,77364],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[33,77366,37434,77367,8932,77369],{},[15,77368,76269],{},[15,77370,73737],{},[33,77372,77373,77374,77376],{},"Using step ",[15,77375,1294],{},", which causes an error",[943,77378,77380],{"id":77379},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[48,77382,77384],{"className":50,"code":77383,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77385,77386,77414],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77387,77388,77390,77392,77394,77396,77398,77400,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77389,64],{"class":63},[57,77391,68],{"class":67},[57,77393,72],{"class":71},[57,77395,1561],{"class":75},[57,77397,79],{"class":71},[57,77399,1617],{"class":75},[57,77401,79],{"class":71},[57,77403,1575],{"class":75},[57,77405,79],{"class":71},[57,77407,51064],{"class":75},[57,77409,79],{"class":71},[57,77411,5313],{"class":75},[57,77413,95],{"class":71},[57,77415,77416,77418,77420,77422,77424,77426,77428,77430],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77417,102],{"class":101},[57,77419,105],{"class":71},[57,77421,114],{"class":113},[57,77423,1785],{"class":71},[57,77425,3231],{"class":75},[57,77427,270],{"class":71},[57,77429,647],{"class":75},[57,77431,1975],{"class":71},[20,77433,77434],{},"This returns:",[48,77436,77438],{"className":50,"code":77437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77439,77440],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77441,77442,77444,77446,77448,77450,77452,77454],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77443,1785],{"class":71},[57,77445,1568],{"class":75},[57,77447,79],{"class":71},[57,77449,1575],{"class":75},[57,77451,79],{"class":71},[57,77453,51064],{"class":75},[57,77455,95],{"class":71},[20,77457,1397,77458,77460,77461,77463,77464,620],{},[1399,77459,1401],{}," include ",[15,77462,77002],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77465,647],{},[943,77467,77469],{"id":77468},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77471,16873],{},[48,77473,77475],{"className":50,"code":77474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77476,77477,77497],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77478,77479,77481,77483,77485,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77480,64],{"class":63},[57,77482,68],{"class":67},[57,77484,72],{"class":71},[57,77486,1561],{"class":75},[57,77488,79],{"class":71},[57,77490,1617],{"class":75},[57,77492,79],{"class":71},[57,77494,1575],{"class":75},[57,77496,95],{"class":71},[57,77498,77499],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77500,77501],{"class":3903},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77503,77504],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[48,77506,77508],{"className":50,"code":77507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77509,77510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77511,77512,77514,77516,77518,77520,77522,77524,77526],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77513,102],{"class":101},[57,77515,105],{"class":71},[57,77517,114],{"class":113},[57,77519,1785],{"class":71},[57,77521,3231],{"class":75},[57,77523,270],{"class":71},[57,77525,76],{"class":75},[57,77527,1975],{"class":71},[943,77529,77531],{"id":77530},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77533,77534],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[48,77536,77538],{"className":50,"code":77537,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77539,77540,77564,77578,77582,77592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77541,77542,77544,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77543,64],{"class":63},[57,77545,68],{"class":67},[57,77547,72],{"class":71},[57,77549,1561],{"class":75},[57,77551,79],{"class":71},[57,77553,1617],{"class":75},[57,77555,79],{"class":71},[57,77557,1575],{"class":75},[57,77559,79],{"class":71},[57,77561,51064],{"class":75},[57,77563,95],{"class":71},[57,77565,77566,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77567,75867],{"class":63},[57,77569,68],{"class":67},[57,77571,4495],{"class":63},[57,77573,75743],{"class":71},[57,77575,1788],{"class":75},[57,77577,95],{"class":71},[57,77579,77580],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,77581,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,77583,77584,77586,77588,77590],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,77585,102],{"class":101},[57,77587,105],{"class":71},[57,77589,75890],{"class":113},[57,77591,316],{"class":71},[57,77593,77594,77596,77598,77600],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,77595,102],{"class":101},[57,77597,105],{"class":71},[57,77599,114],{"class":113},[57,77601,316],{"class":71},[20,77603,216],{},[48,77605,77607],{"className":50,"code":77606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77608,77609,77621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77610,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77612,1785],{"class":71},[57,77614,1561],{"class":75},[57,77616,79],{"class":71},[57,77618,1617],{"class":75},[57,77620,95],{"class":71},[57,77622,77623,77625,77627,77629,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77624,1785],{"class":71},[57,77626,1561],{"class":75},[57,77628,79],{"class":71},[57,77630,1617],{"class":75},[57,77632,79],{"class":71},[57,77634,1575],{"class":75},[57,77636,79],{"class":71},[57,77638,51064],{"class":75},[57,77640,95],{"class":71},[20,77642,77643],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[943,77645,77647,77648,8932,77650],{"id":77646},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77649,76269],{},[15,77651,73737],{},[48,77653,77655],{"className":50,"code":77654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77656,77657,77677,77681,77698,77709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77658,77659,77661,77663,77665,77667,77669,77671,77673,77675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77660,64],{"class":63},[57,77662,68],{"class":67},[57,77664,72],{"class":71},[57,77666,1561],{"class":75},[57,77668,79],{"class":71},[57,77670,1617],{"class":75},[57,77672,79],{"class":71},[57,77674,1575],{"class":75},[57,77676,95],{"class":71},[57,77678,77679],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77680,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,77682,77683,77686,77688,77690,77692,77694,77696],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,77684,77685],{"class":63},"reversed_copy ",[57,77687,68],{"class":67},[57,77689,4495],{"class":63},[57,77691,74333],{"class":71},[57,77693,2277],{"class":67},[57,77695,3231],{"class":75},[57,77697,95],{"class":71},[57,77699,77700,77702,77704,77707],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,77701,102],{"class":101},[57,77703,105],{"class":71},[57,77705,77706],{"class":113},"reversed_copy",[57,77708,316],{"class":71},[57,77710,77711,77713,77715,77717],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,77712,102],{"class":101},[57,77714,105],{"class":71},[57,77716,114],{"class":113},[57,77718,316],{"class":71},[20,77720,216],{},[48,77722,77724],{"className":50,"code":77723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77725,77726,77742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77727,77728,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738,77740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77729,1785],{"class":71},[57,77731,37072],{"class":75},[57,77733,79],{"class":71},[57,77735,1617],{"class":75},[57,77737,79],{"class":71},[57,77739,6234],{"class":75},[57,77741,95],{"class":71},[57,77743,77744,77746,77748,77750,77752,77754,77756],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77745,1785],{"class":71},[57,77747,1561],{"class":75},[57,77749,79],{"class":71},[57,77751,1617],{"class":75},[57,77753,79],{"class":71},[57,77755,1575],{"class":75},[57,77757,95],{"class":71},[20,77759,77760,77763],{},[15,77761,77762],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77765,77766,77767,77770],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77768,77769],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[943,77772,77774],{"id":77773},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77776,77777],{},"This is not allowed:",[48,77779,77781],{"className":50,"code":77780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77782,77783,77803],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77784,77785,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799,77801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77786,64],{"class":63},[57,77788,68],{"class":67},[57,77790,72],{"class":71},[57,77792,1561],{"class":75},[57,77794,79],{"class":71},[57,77796,1617],{"class":75},[57,77798,79],{"class":71},[57,77800,1575],{"class":75},[57,77802,95],{"class":71},[57,77804,77805],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77806,77807],{"class":3903},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77809,77810,77811,620],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77812,1420],{},[43,77814,77816],{"id":77815},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77818,77819],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[30,77821,77822,77829,77835,77838,77841],{},[33,77823,37434,77824,1242,77826,77828],{},[15,77825,36304],{},[15,77827,75634],{}," positions",[33,77830,77831,77832,77834],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77833,75634],{}," index is included",[33,77836,77837],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[33,77839,77840],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[33,77842,77843],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77845,77846],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[48,77848,77850],{"className":50,"code":77849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77851,77852,77862,77876,77894,77908,77925],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,77853,77854,77856,77858,77860],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,77855,102],{"class":101},[57,77857,105],{"class":71},[57,77859,8567],{"class":113},[57,77861,316],{"class":71},[57,77863,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,77865,102],{"class":101},[57,77867,105],{"class":71},[57,77869,1007],{"class":101},[57,77871,105],{"class":71},[57,77873,8567],{"class":113},[57,77875,117],{"class":71},[57,77877,77878,77880,77882,77884,77886,77888,77890,77892],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,77879,102],{"class":101},[57,77881,105],{"class":71},[57,77883,8567],{"class":113},[57,77885,1785],{"class":71},[57,77887,3231],{"class":75},[57,77889,270],{"class":71},[57,77891,647],{"class":75},[57,77893,1975],{"class":71},[57,77895,77896,77898,77900,77902,77904,77906],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,77897,102],{"class":101},[57,77899,105],{"class":71},[57,77901,8567],{"class":113},[57,77903,75743],{"class":71},[57,77905,76],{"class":75},[57,77907,1975],{"class":71},[57,77909,77910,77912,77914,77916,77918,77920,77922],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,77911,102],{"class":101},[57,77913,105],{"class":71},[57,77915,8567],{"class":113},[57,77917,1785],{"class":71},[57,77919,2277],{"class":67},[57,77921,76],{"class":75},[57,77923,77924],{"class":71},":])\n",[57,77926,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,77928,102],{"class":101},[57,77930,105],{"class":71},[57,77932,8567],{"class":113},[57,77934,74333],{"class":71},[57,77936,2277],{"class":67},[57,77938,3231],{"class":75},[57,77940,1975],{"class":71},[20,77942,443,77943,77945,77946,77950],{},[15,77944,1033],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[614,77947,77949],{"href":77948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[43,77952,2011],{"id":2010},[943,77954,77956],{"id":77955},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77958,77959],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[943,77961,77963],{"id":77962},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77965,77966],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[943,77968,2015,77970,40189],{"id":77969},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77971,76269],{},[20,77973,77974],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[943,77976,77978,77979,2053],{"id":77977},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77980,70945],{},[20,77982,77983],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[43,77985,2135],{"id":2134},[30,77987,77988,77993,77998,78002,78006,78010],{},[33,77989,77990],{},[614,77991,77992],{"href":51200},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[33,77994,77995],{},[614,77996,77997],{"href":57373},"How to create a list in Python",[33,77999,78000],{},[614,78001,15195],{"href":57439},[33,78003,78004],{},[614,78005,75015],{"href":75014},[33,78007,78008],{},[614,78009,77949],{"href":77948},[33,78011,78012],{},[614,78013,69474],{"href":69473},[20,78015,78016,78017,78019],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,78018,1033],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2172,78021,78022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":78024},[78025,78026,78027,78028,78029,78030,78033,78037,78045,78046,78054],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":75798,"depth":98,"text":75799},{"id":75961,"depth":98,"text":75962},{"id":76223,"depth":98,"text":76224},{"id":76517,"depth":98,"text":76518},{"id":76763,"depth":98,"text":76764,"children":78031},[78032],{"id":77021,"depth":120,"text":77022},{"id":77075,"depth":98,"text":77076,"children":78034},[78035,78036],{"id":77082,"depth":120,"text":77083},{"id":77143,"depth":120,"text":77144},{"id":77350,"depth":98,"text":15407,"children":78038},[78039,78040,78041,78042,78044],{"id":77379,"depth":120,"text":77380},{"id":77468,"depth":120,"text":77469},{"id":77530,"depth":120,"text":77531},{"id":77646,"depth":120,"text":78043},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77773,"depth":120,"text":77774},{"id":77815,"depth":98,"text":77816},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":78047},[78048,78049,78050,78052],{"id":77955,"depth":120,"text":77956},{"id":77962,"depth":120,"text":77963},{"id":77969,"depth":120,"text":78051},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77977,"depth":120,"text":78053},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75621,"description":78055},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78062,"title":78063,"body":78064,"description":80127,"extension":2219,"meta":80128,"navigation":123,"path":80129,"seo":80130,"stem":80131,"__hash__":80132},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78065,"toc":80094},[78066,78071,78077,78083,78085,78132,78139,78144,78148,78163,78166,78219,78221,78246,78251,78253,78285,78288,78304,78306,78367,78369,78394,78398,78403,78456,78458,78483,78488,78549,78551,78576,78579,78586,78590,78593,78654,78656,78689,78692,78753,78755,78788,78793,78866,78868,78900,78906,78910,78915,78917,78929,78932,79009,79011,79052,79055,79129,79131,79164,79169,79176,79183,79187,79196,79200,79208,79210,79277,79279,79315,79320,79331,79333,79338,79343,79345,79408,79410,79435,79442,79447,79451,79454,79494,79499,79505,79510,79512,79539,79544,79547,79594,79596,79653,79660,79665,79671,79740,79744,79747,79810,79812,79845,79850,79852,79855,79936,79938,79961,79967,79969,79974,79978,79985,79993,79997,79999,80022,80026,80028,80055,80058,80065,80068,80070,80091],[10,78067,54561,78069,11549],{"id":78068},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78070,64530],{},[20,78072,78073,78076],{},[15,78074,78075],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78078,78079,78080,78082],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78081,64530],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[43,78084,46],{"id":45},[48,78086,78088],{"className":50,"code":78087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78089,78090,78110,78120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78091,78092,78094,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78093,64],{"class":63},[57,78095,68],{"class":67},[57,78097,72],{"class":71},[57,78099,76],{"class":75},[57,78101,79],{"class":71},[57,78103,5729],{"class":75},[57,78105,79],{"class":71},[57,78107,87],{"class":75},[57,78109,95],{"class":71},[57,78111,78112,78114,78116,78118],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78113,114],{"class":63},[57,78115,620],{"class":71},[57,78117,35029],{"class":113},[57,78119,8870],{"class":71},[57,78121,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78123,102],{"class":101},[57,78125,105],{"class":71},[57,78127,114],{"class":113},[57,78129,1959],{"class":71},[57,78131,55151],{"class":3903},[20,78133,1806,78134,78136,78137,620],{},[15,78135,78075],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78138,1524],{},[43,78140,262,78142,265],{"id":78141},"what-listsort-does",[15,78143,78075],{},[20,78145,78146,270],{},[15,78147,78075],{},[30,78149,78150,78153,78156,78160],{},[33,78151,78152],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[33,78154,78155],{},"Changes the original list",[33,78157,11651,78158],{},[15,78159,1524],{},[33,78161,78162],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78164,78165],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[48,78167,78169],{"className":50,"code":78168,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78170,78171,78195,78205,78209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78172,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78174,64],{"class":63},[57,78176,68],{"class":67},[57,78178,72],{"class":71},[57,78180,2389],{"class":75},[57,78182,79],{"class":71},[57,78184,87],{"class":75},[57,78186,79],{"class":71},[57,78188,54355],{"class":75},[57,78190,79],{"class":71},[57,78192,5729],{"class":75},[57,78194,95],{"class":71},[57,78196,78197,78199,78201,78203],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78198,114],{"class":63},[57,78200,620],{"class":71},[57,78202,35029],{"class":113},[57,78204,8870],{"class":71},[57,78206,78207],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78208,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,78210,78211,78213,78215,78217],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,78212,102],{"class":101},[57,78214,105],{"class":71},[57,78216,114],{"class":113},[57,78218,316],{"class":71},[20,78220,216],{},[48,78222,78224],{"className":50,"code":78223,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78225,78226],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78227,78228,78230,78232,78234,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78229,1785],{"class":71},[57,78231,3231],{"class":75},[57,78233,79],{"class":71},[57,78235,87],{"class":75},[57,78237,79],{"class":71},[57,78239,92],{"class":75},[57,78241,79],{"class":71},[57,78243,54355],{"class":75},[57,78245,95],{"class":71},[20,78247,78248,78249,620],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[614,78250,67294],{"href":51200},[43,78252,294],{"id":293},[48,78254,78256],{"className":50,"code":78255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78257,78258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78259,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78279,78281,78283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78261,8567],{"class":63},[57,78263,620],{"class":71},[57,78265,35029],{"class":113},[57,78267,105],{"class":71},[57,78269,432],{"class":334},[57,78271,68],{"class":67},[57,78273,1524],{"class":1523},[57,78275,79],{"class":71},[57,78277,78278],{"class":334}," reverse",[57,78280,68],{"class":67},[57,78282,3914],{"class":1523},[57,78284,316],{"class":71},[20,78286,78287],{},"Main arguments:",[30,78289,78290,78295,78301],{},[33,78291,78292,78294],{},[15,78293,432],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[33,78296,78297,78300],{},[15,78298,78299],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[33,78302,78303],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78305,864],{},[48,78307,78309],{"className":50,"code":78308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78310,78311,78335,78353,78357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78312,78313,78315,78317,78319,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78314,64],{"class":63},[57,78316,68],{"class":67},[57,78318,72],{"class":71},[57,78320,647],{"class":75},[57,78322,79],{"class":71},[57,78324,5729],{"class":75},[57,78326,79],{"class":71},[57,78328,657],{"class":75},[57,78330,79],{"class":71},[57,78332,87],{"class":75},[57,78334,95],{"class":71},[57,78336,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78338,114],{"class":63},[57,78340,620],{"class":71},[57,78342,35029],{"class":113},[57,78344,105],{"class":71},[57,78346,73788],{"class":334},[57,78348,68],{"class":67},[57,78350,3845],{"class":1523},[57,78352,316],{"class":71},[57,78354,78355],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78356,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,78358,78359,78361,78363,78365],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,78360,102],{"class":101},[57,78362,105],{"class":71},[57,78364,114],{"class":113},[57,78366,316],{"class":71},[20,78368,216],{},[48,78370,78372],{"className":50,"code":78371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78373,78374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78375,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78377,1785],{"class":71},[57,78379,2280],{"class":75},[57,78381,79],{"class":71},[57,78383,2706],{"class":75},[57,78385,79],{"class":71},[57,78387,87],{"class":75},[57,78389,79],{"class":71},[57,78391,5729],{"class":75},[57,78393,95],{"class":71},[43,78395,78397],{"id":78396},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78399,1806,78400,78402],{},[15,78401,64530],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[48,78404,78406],{"className":50,"code":78405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78407,78408,78432,78442,78446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78409,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78411,64],{"class":63},[57,78413,68],{"class":67},[57,78415,72],{"class":71},[57,78417,1561],{"class":75},[57,78419,79],{"class":71},[57,78421,1793],{"class":75},[57,78423,79],{"class":71},[57,78425,82],{"class":75},[57,78427,79],{"class":71},[57,78429,5729],{"class":75},[57,78431,95],{"class":71},[57,78433,78434,78436,78438,78440],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78435,114],{"class":63},[57,78437,620],{"class":71},[57,78439,35029],{"class":113},[57,78441,8870],{"class":71},[57,78443,78444],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78445,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,78447,78448,78450,78452,78454],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,78449,102],{"class":101},[57,78451,105],{"class":71},[57,78453,114],{"class":113},[57,78455,316],{"class":71},[20,78457,216],{},[48,78459,78461],{"className":50,"code":78460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78462,78463],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78464,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78466,1785],{"class":71},[57,78468,3231],{"class":75},[57,78470,79],{"class":71},[57,78472,1793],{"class":75},[57,78474,79],{"class":71},[57,78476,82],{"class":75},[57,78478,79],{"class":71},[57,78480,6234],{"class":75},[57,78482,95],{"class":71},[20,78484,1806,78485,78487],{},[15,78486,78299],{}," for descending order:",[48,78489,78491],{"className":50,"code":78490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78492,78493,78517,78535,78539],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78494,78495,78497,78499,78501,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78496,64],{"class":63},[57,78498,68],{"class":67},[57,78500,72],{"class":71},[57,78502,1561],{"class":75},[57,78504,79],{"class":71},[57,78506,1793],{"class":75},[57,78508,79],{"class":71},[57,78510,82],{"class":75},[57,78512,79],{"class":71},[57,78514,5729],{"class":75},[57,78516,95],{"class":71},[57,78518,78519,78521,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78520,114],{"class":63},[57,78522,620],{"class":71},[57,78524,35029],{"class":113},[57,78526,105],{"class":71},[57,78528,73788],{"class":334},[57,78530,68],{"class":67},[57,78532,3845],{"class":1523},[57,78534,316],{"class":71},[57,78536,78537],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78538,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,78540,78541,78543,78545,78547],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,78542,102],{"class":101},[57,78544,105],{"class":71},[57,78546,114],{"class":113},[57,78548,316],{"class":71},[20,78550,216],{},[48,78552,78554],{"className":50,"code":78553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78555,78556],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78557,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78559,1785],{"class":71},[57,78561,1561],{"class":75},[57,78563,79],{"class":71},[57,78565,82],{"class":75},[57,78567,79],{"class":71},[57,78569,1793],{"class":75},[57,78571,79],{"class":71},[57,78573,5729],{"class":75},[57,78575,95],{"class":71},[20,78577,78578],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78580,78581,78582,620],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[614,78583,78585],{"href":78584},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[43,78587,78589],{"id":78588},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78591,78592],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[48,78594,78596],{"className":50,"code":78595,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78597,78598,78630,78640,78644],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78599,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610,78612,78614,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78601,162],{"class":63},[57,78603,68],{"class":67},[57,78605,72],{"class":71},[57,78607,170],{"class":169},[57,78609,184],{"class":173},[57,78611,170],{"class":169},[57,78613,79],{"class":71},[57,78615,181],{"class":169},[57,78617,174],{"class":173},[57,78619,170],{"class":169},[57,78621,79],{"class":71},[57,78623,181],{"class":169},[57,78625,4329],{"class":173},[57,78627,170],{"class":169},[57,78629,95],{"class":71},[57,78631,78632,78634,78636,78638],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78633,211],{"class":63},[57,78635,620],{"class":71},[57,78637,35029],{"class":113},[57,78639,8870],{"class":71},[57,78641,78642],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78643,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,78645,78646,78648,78650,78652],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,78647,102],{"class":101},[57,78649,105],{"class":71},[57,78651,211],{"class":113},[57,78653,316],{"class":71},[20,78655,216],{},[48,78657,78659],{"className":50,"code":78658,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78660,78661],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78662,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683,78685,78687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78664,1785],{"class":71},[57,78666,3543],{"class":169},[57,78668,174],{"class":173},[57,78670,3543],{"class":169},[57,78672,79],{"class":71},[57,78674,3538],{"class":169},[57,78676,184],{"class":173},[57,78678,3543],{"class":169},[57,78680,79],{"class":71},[57,78682,3538],{"class":169},[57,78684,4329],{"class":173},[57,78686,3543],{"class":169},[57,78688,95],{"class":71},[20,78690,78691],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[48,78693,78695],{"className":50,"code":78694,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78696,78697,78729,78739,78743],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78698,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725,78727],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78700,162],{"class":63},[57,78702,68],{"class":67},[57,78704,72],{"class":71},[57,78706,170],{"class":169},[57,78708,184],{"class":173},[57,78710,170],{"class":169},[57,78712,79],{"class":71},[57,78714,181],{"class":169},[57,78716,57988],{"class":173},[57,78718,170],{"class":169},[57,78720,79],{"class":71},[57,78722,181],{"class":169},[57,78724,4329],{"class":173},[57,78726,170],{"class":169},[57,78728,95],{"class":71},[57,78730,78731,78733,78735,78737],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78732,211],{"class":63},[57,78734,620],{"class":71},[57,78736,35029],{"class":113},[57,78738,8870],{"class":71},[57,78740,78741],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78742,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,78744,78745,78747,78749,78751],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,78746,102],{"class":101},[57,78748,105],{"class":71},[57,78750,211],{"class":113},[57,78752,316],{"class":71},[20,78754,216],{},[48,78756,78758],{"className":50,"code":78757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78759,78760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78761,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78763,1785],{"class":71},[57,78765,3543],{"class":169},[57,78767,57988],{"class":173},[57,78769,3543],{"class":169},[57,78771,79],{"class":71},[57,78773,3538],{"class":169},[57,78775,184],{"class":173},[57,78777,3543],{"class":169},[57,78779,79],{"class":71},[57,78781,3538],{"class":169},[57,78783,4329],{"class":173},[57,78785,3543],{"class":169},[57,78787,95],{"class":71},[20,78789,78790,78791,270],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78792,1245],{},[48,78794,78796],{"className":50,"code":78795,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78797,78798,78830,78852,78856],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78799,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78801,162],{"class":63},[57,78803,68],{"class":67},[57,78805,72],{"class":71},[57,78807,170],{"class":169},[57,78809,184],{"class":173},[57,78811,170],{"class":169},[57,78813,79],{"class":71},[57,78815,181],{"class":169},[57,78817,57988],{"class":173},[57,78819,170],{"class":169},[57,78821,79],{"class":71},[57,78823,181],{"class":169},[57,78825,4329],{"class":173},[57,78827,170],{"class":169},[57,78829,95],{"class":71},[57,78831,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844,78846,78848,78850],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78833,211],{"class":63},[57,78835,620],{"class":71},[57,78837,35029],{"class":113},[57,78839,105],{"class":71},[57,78841,432],{"class":334},[57,78843,68],{"class":67},[57,78845,1103],{"class":1102},[57,78847,620],{"class":71},[57,78849,1109],{"class":1108},[57,78851,316],{"class":71},[57,78853,78854],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78855,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,78857,78858,78860,78862,78864],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,78859,102],{"class":101},[57,78861,105],{"class":71},[57,78863,211],{"class":113},[57,78865,316],{"class":71},[20,78867,216],{},[48,78869,78870],{"className":50,"code":78757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,78871,78872],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78873,78874,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78875,1785],{"class":71},[57,78877,3543],{"class":169},[57,78879,57988],{"class":173},[57,78881,3543],{"class":169},[57,78883,79],{"class":71},[57,78885,3538],{"class":169},[57,78887,184],{"class":173},[57,78889,3543],{"class":169},[57,78891,79],{"class":71},[57,78893,3538],{"class":169},[57,78895,4329],{"class":173},[57,78897,3543],{"class":169},[57,78899,95],{"class":71},[20,78901,78902,78903,78905],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78904,1126],{}," as the sorting rule.",[43,78907,929,78908,932],{"id":928},[15,78909,432],{},[20,78911,935,78912,78914],{},[15,78913,432],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78916,7573],{},[30,78918,78919,78924],{},[33,78920,78921,78923],{},[15,78922,1007],{}," to sort by length",[33,78925,78926,78928],{},[15,78927,1126],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78930,78931],{},"Sort words by length:",[48,78933,78935],{"className":50,"code":78934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78936,78937,78977,78995,78999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,78938,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,78940,162],{"class":63},[57,78942,68],{"class":67},[57,78944,72],{"class":71},[57,78946,170],{"class":169},[57,78948,193],{"class":173},[57,78950,170],{"class":169},[57,78952,79],{"class":71},[57,78954,181],{"class":169},[57,78956,184],{"class":173},[57,78958,170],{"class":169},[57,78960,79],{"class":71},[57,78962,181],{"class":169},[57,78964,38587],{"class":173},[57,78966,170],{"class":169},[57,78968,79],{"class":71},[57,78970,181],{"class":169},[57,78972,174],{"class":173},[57,78974,170],{"class":169},[57,78976,95],{"class":71},[57,78978,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,78980,211],{"class":63},[57,78982,620],{"class":71},[57,78984,35029],{"class":113},[57,78986,105],{"class":71},[57,78988,432],{"class":334},[57,78990,68],{"class":67},[57,78992,1007],{"class":101},[57,78994,316],{"class":71},[57,78996,78997],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,78998,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79000,79001,79003,79005,79007],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79002,102],{"class":101},[57,79004,105],{"class":71},[57,79006,211],{"class":113},[57,79008,316],{"class":71},[20,79010,216],{},[48,79012,79014],{"className":50,"code":79013,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,79015,79016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79017,79018,79020,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79019,1785],{"class":71},[57,79021,3543],{"class":169},[57,79023,38587],{"class":173},[57,79025,3543],{"class":169},[57,79027,79],{"class":71},[57,79029,3538],{"class":169},[57,79031,193],{"class":173},[57,79033,3543],{"class":169},[57,79035,79],{"class":71},[57,79037,3538],{"class":169},[57,79039,174],{"class":173},[57,79041,3543],{"class":169},[57,79043,79],{"class":71},[57,79045,3538],{"class":169},[57,79047,184],{"class":173},[57,79049,3543],{"class":169},[57,79051,95],{"class":71},[20,79053,79054],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[48,79056,79058],{"className":50,"code":79057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79059,79060,79093,79115,79119],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79061,79062,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79089,79091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79063,162],{"class":63},[57,79065,68],{"class":67},[57,79067,72],{"class":71},[57,79069,170],{"class":169},[57,79071,5246],{"class":173},[57,79073,170],{"class":169},[57,79075,79],{"class":71},[57,79077,181],{"class":169},[57,79079,18034],{"class":173},[57,79081,170],{"class":169},[57,79083,79],{"class":71},[57,79085,181],{"class":169},[57,79087,79088],{"class":173},"Carol",[57,79090,170],{"class":169},[57,79092,95],{"class":71},[57,79094,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109,79111,79113],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79096,211],{"class":63},[57,79098,620],{"class":71},[57,79100,35029],{"class":113},[57,79102,105],{"class":71},[57,79104,432],{"class":334},[57,79106,68],{"class":67},[57,79108,1103],{"class":1102},[57,79110,620],{"class":71},[57,79112,1109],{"class":1108},[57,79114,316],{"class":71},[57,79116,79117],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,79118,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79120,79121,79123,79125,79127],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79122,102],{"class":101},[57,79124,105],{"class":71},[57,79126,211],{"class":113},[57,79128,316],{"class":71},[20,79130,216],{},[48,79132,79134],{"className":50,"code":79133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79135,79136],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79137,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79139,1785],{"class":71},[57,79141,3543],{"class":169},[57,79143,18034],{"class":173},[57,79145,3543],{"class":169},[57,79147,79],{"class":71},[57,79149,3538],{"class":169},[57,79151,5246],{"class":173},[57,79153,3543],{"class":169},[57,79155,79],{"class":71},[57,79157,3538],{"class":169},[57,79159,79088],{"class":173},[57,79161,3543],{"class":169},[57,79163,95],{"class":71},[20,79165,935,79166,79168],{},[15,79167,432],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[43,79170,79172,1682,79174],{"id":79171},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79173,78075],{},[15,79175,619],{},[20,79177,79178,1242,79180,79182],{},[15,79179,78075],{},[15,79181,619],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79184,79185,270],{},[15,79186,78075],{},[30,79188,79189,79192],{},[33,79190,79191],{},"Changes the existing list",[33,79193,11651,79194],{},[15,79195,1524],{},[20,79197,79198,270],{},[15,79199,619],{},[30,79201,79202,79205],{},[33,79203,79204],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[33,79206,79207],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79209,864],{},[48,79211,79213],{"className":50,"code":79212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79214,79215,79235,79239,79253,79257,79267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79216,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79218,64],{"class":63},[57,79220,68],{"class":67},[57,79222,72],{"class":71},[57,79224,76],{"class":75},[57,79226,79],{"class":71},[57,79228,5729],{"class":75},[57,79230,79],{"class":71},[57,79232,87],{"class":75},[57,79234,95],{"class":71},[57,79236,79237],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79238,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79240,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,79242,56109],{"class":63},[57,79244,68],{"class":67},[57,79246,74766],{"class":101},[57,79248,105],{"class":71},[57,79250,114],{"class":113},[57,79252,316],{"class":71},[57,79254,79255],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79256,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79258,79259,79261,79263,79265],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,79260,102],{"class":101},[57,79262,105],{"class":71},[57,79264,114],{"class":113},[57,79266,316],{"class":71},[57,79268,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,79270,102],{"class":101},[57,79272,105],{"class":71},[57,79274,74492],{"class":113},[57,79276,316],{"class":71},[20,79278,216],{},[48,79280,79281],{"className":50,"code":74801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,79282,79283,79299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79284,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79286,1785],{"class":71},[57,79288,76],{"class":75},[57,79290,79],{"class":71},[57,79292,5729],{"class":75},[57,79294,79],{"class":71},[57,79296,87],{"class":75},[57,79298,95],{"class":71},[57,79300,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79302,1785],{"class":71},[57,79304,3231],{"class":75},[57,79306,79],{"class":71},[57,79308,87],{"class":75},[57,79310,79],{"class":71},[57,79312,1793],{"class":75},[57,79314,95],{"class":71},[20,79316,1806,79317,79319],{},[15,79318,619],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79321,79322,79323,1242,79327,620],{},"You can learn more in ",[614,79324,13,79325,1040],{"href":616},[15,79326,619],{},[614,79328,79330],{"href":79329},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[43,79332,1829],{"id":1828},[20,79334,79335,79336,620],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79337,78075],{},[943,79339,12823,79341],{"id":79340},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79342,64530],{},[20,79344,25921],{},[48,79346,79348],{"className":50,"code":79347,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79349,79350,79370,79384,79388,79398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79351,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79353,64],{"class":63},[57,79355,68],{"class":67},[57,79357,72],{"class":71},[57,79359,76],{"class":75},[57,79361,79],{"class":71},[57,79363,5729],{"class":75},[57,79365,79],{"class":71},[57,79367,87],{"class":75},[57,79369,95],{"class":71},[57,79371,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380,79382],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79373,1336],{"class":63},[57,79375,68],{"class":67},[57,79377,4495],{"class":63},[57,79379,620],{"class":71},[57,79381,35029],{"class":113},[57,79383,8870],{"class":71},[57,79385,79386],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,79387,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79389,79390,79392,79394,79396],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79391,102],{"class":101},[57,79393,105],{"class":71},[57,79395,1368],{"class":113},[57,79397,316],{"class":71},[57,79399,79400,79402,79404,79406],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,79401,102],{"class":101},[57,79403,105],{"class":71},[57,79405,114],{"class":113},[57,79407,316],{"class":71},[20,79409,216],{},[48,79411,79413],{"className":50,"code":79412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79414,79415,79419],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79416,79417],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79418,12037],{"class":1523},[57,79420,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79422,1785],{"class":71},[57,79424,3231],{"class":75},[57,79426,79],{"class":71},[57,79428,87],{"class":75},[57,79430,79],{"class":71},[57,79432,1793],{"class":75},[57,79434,95],{"class":71},[20,79436,79437,79439,79440,620],{},[15,79438,64530],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79441,1524],{},[20,79443,79444,79445,6861],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79446,619],{},[943,79448,79450],{"id":79449},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79452,79453],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[48,79455,79457],{"className":50,"code":79456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79458,79459,79484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79460,79461,79463,79465,79467,79469,79471,79473,79476,79478,79480,79482],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79462,1147],{"class":63},[57,79464,68],{"class":67},[57,79466,72],{"class":71},[57,79468,3231],{"class":75},[57,79470,79],{"class":71},[57,79472,181],{"class":169},[57,79474,79475],{"class":173},"two",[57,79477,170],{"class":169},[57,79479,79],{"class":71},[57,79481,1793],{"class":75},[57,79483,95],{"class":71},[57,79485,79486,79488,79490,79492],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79487,1199],{"class":63},[57,79489,620],{"class":71},[57,79491,35029],{"class":113},[57,79493,8870],{"class":71},[20,79495,1674,79496,79498],{},[15,79497,1539],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[943,79500,4936,79502,79504],{"id":79501},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79503,64530],{}," only works on lists",[20,79506,79507,79509],{},[15,79508,64530],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79511,16873],{},[48,79513,79515],{"className":50,"code":79514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79516,79517,79529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79518,79519,79521,79523,79525,79527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79520,34918],{"class":63},[57,79522,68],{"class":67},[57,79524,181],{"class":169},[57,79526,52],{"class":173},[57,79528,3602],{"class":169},[57,79530,79531,79533,79535,79537],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79532,1222],{"class":63},[57,79534,620],{"class":71},[57,79536,35029],{"class":113},[57,79538,8870],{"class":71},[20,79540,79541,79542,33831],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79543,64530],{},[20,79545,79546],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[48,79548,79550],{"className":50,"code":79549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79551,79552,79570,79580,79584],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79553,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79555,36322],{"class":63},[57,79557,68],{"class":67},[57,79559,22790],{"class":1102},[57,79561,105],{"class":71},[57,79563,170],{"class":169},[57,79565,52],{"class":173},[57,79567,170],{"class":169},[57,79569,316],{"class":71},[57,79571,79572,79574,79576,79578],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79573,36375],{"class":63},[57,79575,620],{"class":71},[57,79577,35029],{"class":113},[57,79579,8870],{"class":71},[57,79581,79582],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,79583,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79585,79586,79588,79590,79592],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79587,102],{"class":101},[57,79589,105],{"class":71},[57,79591,36375],{"class":113},[57,79593,316],{"class":71},[20,79595,216],{},[48,79597,79599],{"className":50,"code":79598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79600,79601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79602,79603,79605,79607,79609,79611,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79604,1785],{"class":71},[57,79606,3543],{"class":169},[57,79608,60656],{"class":173},[57,79610,3543],{"class":169},[57,79612,79],{"class":71},[57,79614,3538],{"class":169},[57,79616,76238],{"class":173},[57,79618,3543],{"class":169},[57,79620,79],{"class":71},[57,79622,3538],{"class":169},[57,79624,60691],{"class":173},[57,79626,3543],{"class":169},[57,79628,79],{"class":71},[57,79630,3538],{"class":169},[57,79632,20],{"class":173},[57,79634,3543],{"class":169},[57,79636,79],{"class":71},[57,79638,3538],{"class":169},[57,79640,63505],{"class":173},[57,79642,3543],{"class":169},[57,79644,79],{"class":71},[57,79646,3538],{"class":169},[57,79648,11974],{"class":173},[57,79650,3543],{"class":169},[57,79652,95],{"class":71},[943,79654,79656,79657,79659],{"id":79655},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79658,432],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79661,79662,79663,620],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79664,432],{},[20,79666,79667,79668,79670],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79669,64530],{}," will not do that:",[48,79672,79674],{"className":50,"code":79673,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79675,79676,79708,79726,79730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79677,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79679,162],{"class":63},[57,79681,68],{"class":67},[57,79683,72],{"class":71},[57,79685,170],{"class":169},[57,79687,184],{"class":173},[57,79689,170],{"class":169},[57,79691,79],{"class":71},[57,79693,181],{"class":169},[57,79695,38587],{"class":173},[57,79697,170],{"class":169},[57,79699,79],{"class":71},[57,79701,181],{"class":169},[57,79703,174],{"class":173},[57,79705,170],{"class":169},[57,79707,95],{"class":71},[57,79709,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79711,211],{"class":63},[57,79713,620],{"class":71},[57,79715,35029],{"class":113},[57,79717,105],{"class":71},[57,79719,432],{"class":334},[57,79721,68],{"class":67},[57,79723,1007],{"class":101},[57,79725,316],{"class":71},[57,79727,79728],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,79729,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79731,79732,79734,79736,79738],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79733,102],{"class":101},[57,79735,105],{"class":71},[57,79737,211],{"class":113},[57,79739,316],{"class":71},[943,79741,79743],{"id":79742},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79745,79746],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[48,79748,79750],{"className":50,"code":79749,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79751,79752,79786,79796,79800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79753,79754,79756,79758,79760,79762,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79782,79784],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79755,162],{"class":63},[57,79757,68],{"class":67},[57,79759,72],{"class":71},[57,79761,170],{"class":169},[57,79763,79764],{"class":173},"zebra",[57,79766,170],{"class":169},[57,79768,79],{"class":71},[57,79770,181],{"class":169},[57,79772,57988],{"class":173},[57,79774,170],{"class":169},[57,79776,79],{"class":71},[57,79778,181],{"class":169},[57,79780,79781],{"class":173},"monkey",[57,79783,170],{"class":169},[57,79785,95],{"class":71},[57,79787,79788,79790,79792,79794],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79789,211],{"class":63},[57,79791,620],{"class":71},[57,79793,35029],{"class":113},[57,79795,8870],{"class":71},[57,79797,79798],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,79799,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,79801,79802,79804,79806,79808],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79803,102],{"class":101},[57,79805,105],{"class":71},[57,79807,211],{"class":113},[57,79809,316],{"class":71},[20,79811,216],{},[48,79813,79815],{"className":50,"code":79814,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79816,79817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79818,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827,79829,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841,79843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79820,1785],{"class":71},[57,79822,3543],{"class":169},[57,79824,57988],{"class":173},[57,79826,3543],{"class":169},[57,79828,79],{"class":71},[57,79830,3538],{"class":169},[57,79832,79781],{"class":173},[57,79834,3543],{"class":169},[57,79836,79],{"class":71},[57,79838,3538],{"class":169},[57,79840,79764],{"class":173},[57,79842,3543],{"class":169},[57,79844,95],{"class":71},[20,79846,1806,79847,79849],{},[15,79848,1245],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[943,79851,60928],{"id":60927},[20,79853,79854],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,79856,79858],{"className":50,"code":79857,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79859,79860,79870,79884,79898,79912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,79861,79862,79864,79866,79868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,79863,102],{"class":101},[57,79865,105],{"class":71},[57,79867,8567],{"class":113},[57,79869,316],{"class":71},[57,79871,79872,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,79873,102],{"class":101},[57,79875,105],{"class":71},[57,79877,1886],{"class":1102},[57,79879,105],{"class":71},[57,79881,8567],{"class":113},[57,79883,117],{"class":71},[57,79885,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,79887,102],{"class":101},[57,79889,105],{"class":71},[57,79891,8567],{"class":113},[57,79893,620],{"class":71},[57,79895,35029],{"class":113},[57,79897,1671],{"class":71},[57,79899,79900,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,79901,102],{"class":101},[57,79903,105],{"class":71},[57,79905,1763],{"class":101},[57,79907,105],{"class":71},[57,79909,8567],{"class":113},[57,79911,117],{"class":71},[57,79913,79914,79916,79918,79920,79922,79924,79926,79928,79930,79932,79934],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,79915,102],{"class":101},[57,79917,1949],{"class":71},[57,79919,1886],{"class":1102},[57,79921,105],{"class":71},[57,79923,23541],{"class":113},[57,79925,1959],{"class":71},[57,79927,1963],{"class":1962},[57,79929,6192],{"class":113},[57,79931,1969],{"class":1962},[57,79933,8624],{"class":113},[57,79935,1975],{"class":71},[20,79937,11397],{},[30,79939,79940,79943,79946,79953,79958],{},[33,79941,79942],{},"What values are in the list",[33,79944,79945],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[33,79947,79948,79949,2646,79951],{},"That ",[15,79950,64530],{},[15,79952,1524],{},[33,79954,1988,79955,79957],{},[15,79956,619],{}," works better for your case",[33,79959,79960],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79962,79963,79964,79966],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79965,1539],{}," problems.",[43,79968,2011],{"id":2010},[943,79970,12933,79972,55688],{"id":79971},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79973,78075],{},[20,79975,62821,79976,620],{},[15,79977,1524],{},[943,79979,2119,79981,1242,79983,2053],{"id":79980},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79982,64530],{},[15,79984,619],{},[20,79986,79987,79989,79990,79992],{},[15,79988,64530],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79991,619],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[943,79994,79996],{"id":79995},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79998,18926],{},[48,80000,80002],{"className":50,"code":80001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,80003,80004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80005,80006,80008,80010,80012,80014,80016,80018,80020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80007,8567],{"class":63},[57,80009,620],{"class":71},[57,80011,35029],{"class":113},[57,80013,105],{"class":71},[57,80015,73788],{"class":334},[57,80017,68],{"class":67},[57,80019,3845],{"class":1523},[57,80021,316],{"class":71},[943,80023,80025],{"id":80024},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,80027,18926],{},[48,80029,80031],{"className":50,"code":80030,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,80032,80033],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80034,80035,80037,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80036,8567],{"class":63},[57,80038,620],{"class":71},[57,80040,35029],{"class":113},[57,80042,105],{"class":71},[57,80044,432],{"class":334},[57,80046,68],{"class":67},[57,80048,1103],{"class":1102},[57,80050,620],{"class":71},[57,80052,1109],{"class":1108},[57,80054,316],{"class":71},[20,80056,80057],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[943,80059,80061,80062,80064],{"id":80060},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80063,1539],{}," when sorting?",[20,80066,80067],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[43,80069,2135],{"id":2134},[30,80071,80072,80077,80083,80087],{},[33,80073,80074],{},[614,80075,80076],{"href":78584},"How to sort a list in Python",[33,80078,80079],{},[614,80080,13,80081,1040],{"href":616},[15,80082,619],{},[33,80084,80085],{},[614,80086,67294],{"href":51200},[33,80088,80089],{},[614,80090,79330],{"href":79329},[2172,80092,80093],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":80095},[80096,80097,80099,80100,80101,80102,80103,80105,80116,80126],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":78141,"depth":98,"text":80098},"What list.sort() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":78396,"depth":98,"text":78397},{"id":78588,"depth":98,"text":78589},{"id":928,"depth":98,"text":2188},{"id":79171,"depth":98,"text":80104},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":80106},[80107,80109,80110,80112,80114,80115],{"id":79340,"depth":120,"text":80108},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79449,"depth":120,"text":79450},{"id":79501,"depth":120,"text":80111},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79655,"depth":120,"text":80113},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79742,"depth":120,"text":79743},{"id":60927,"depth":120,"text":60928},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":80117},[80118,80120,80122,80123,80124],{"id":79971,"depth":120,"text":80119},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79980,"depth":120,"text":80121},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79995,"depth":120,"text":79996},{"id":80024,"depth":120,"text":80025},{"id":80060,"depth":120,"text":80125},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78063,"description":80127},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80134,"title":80135,"body":80136,"description":82767,"extension":2219,"meta":82768,"navigation":123,"path":82769,"seo":82770,"stem":82771,"__hash__":82772},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80137,"toc":82726},[80138,80143,80148,80151,80162,80165,80185,80187,80249,80251,80292,80301,80306,80311,80317,80328,80330,80349,80352,80357,80362,80364,80369,80383,80385,80403,80406,80423,80426,80432,80455,80460,80462,80465,80526,80528,80561,80563,80602,80610,80620,80626,80631,80724,80726,80750,80752,80770,80773,80804,80810,80815,80818,80820,80945,80947,80971,80973,80992,80998,81004,81123,81125,81142,81149,81155,81160,81167,81173,81175,81232,81235,81256,81259,81262,81323,81325,81358,81362,81432,81434,81451,81455,81458,81533,81535,81572,81575,81578,81649,81651,81712,81717,81722,81725,81739,81741,81814,81816,81836,81839,81842,81899,81961,81964,81996,81999,82014,82019,82021,82027,82030,82086,82089,82091,82110,82114,82116,82160,82169,82171,82231,82235,82238,82240,82333,82335,82450,82454,82456,82530,82533,82536,82538,82543,82608,82610,82634,82644,82646,82652,82661,82670,82679,82685,82688,82692,82695,82697,82723],[10,80139,13,80141,18],{"id":80140},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80142,39945],{},[20,80144,3823,80145,80147],{},[15,80146,39945],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80149,80150],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[30,80152,80153,80156,80159],{},[33,80154,80155],{},"converting numbers to strings",[33,80157,80158],{},"changing strings to integers",[33,80160,80161],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80163,80164],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[30,80166,80167,80174,80180],{},[33,80168,80169,14284,80171,80173],{},[15,80170,39945],{},[1399,80172,1401],{}," return a list in Python 3",[33,80175,80176,80177],{},"it returns a ",[1399,80178,80179],{},"map object",[33,80181,80182,80183],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80184,25011],{},[43,80186,46],{"id":45},[48,80188,80190],{"className":50,"code":80189,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80191,80192,80216,80235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80193,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80195,64],{"class":63},[57,80197,68],{"class":67},[57,80199,72],{"class":71},[57,80201,3231],{"class":75},[57,80203,79],{"class":71},[57,80205,87],{"class":75},[57,80207,79],{"class":71},[57,80209,1793],{"class":75},[57,80211,79],{"class":71},[57,80213,2706],{"class":75},[57,80215,95],{"class":71},[57,80217,80218,80220,80222,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,80219,1336],{"class":63},[57,80221,68],{"class":67},[57,80223,80224],{"class":101}," map",[57,80226,105],{"class":71},[57,80228,1103],{"class":1102},[57,80230,79],{"class":71},[57,80232,4495],{"class":113},[57,80234,316],{"class":71},[57,80236,80237,80239,80241,80243,80245,80247],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,80238,102],{"class":101},[57,80240,105],{"class":71},[57,80242,8321],{"class":1102},[57,80244,105],{"class":71},[57,80246,1368],{"class":113},[57,80248,117],{"class":71},[20,80250,216],{},[48,80252,80254],{"className":50,"code":80253,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80255,80256],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80257,80258,80260,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284,80286,80288,80290],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80259,1785],{"class":71},[57,80261,3543],{"class":169},[57,80263,3231],{"class":173},[57,80265,3543],{"class":169},[57,80267,79],{"class":71},[57,80269,3538],{"class":169},[57,80271,1788],{"class":173},[57,80273,3543],{"class":169},[57,80275,79],{"class":71},[57,80277,3538],{"class":169},[57,80279,76],{"class":173},[57,80281,3543],{"class":169},[57,80283,79],{"class":71},[57,80285,3538],{"class":169},[57,80287,647],{"class":173},[57,80289,3543],{"class":169},[57,80291,95],{"class":71},[20,80293,1806,80294,80297,80298,80300],{},[15,80295,80296],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80299,25011],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[43,80302,262,80304,265],{"id":80303},"what-map-does",[15,80305,39945],{},[20,80307,80308,80310],{},[15,80309,39945],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80312,80313,80314,80316],{},"An ",[1399,80315,313],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[30,80318,80319,80321,80323,80325],{},[33,80320,38130],{},[33,80322,38133],{},[33,80324,38136],{},[33,80326,80327],{},"a range object",[20,80329,30955],{},[48,80331,80333],{"className":50,"code":80332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80334,80335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80336,80337,80339,80341,80343,80345,80347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80338,40088],{"class":101},[57,80340,105],{"class":71},[57,80342,38089],{"class":113},[57,80344,79],{"class":71},[57,80346,38094],{"class":113},[57,80348,316],{"class":71},[20,80350,80351],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80353,80354,80355,33971],{},"Important: the result is a ",[1399,80356,80179],{},[20,80358,80359,80360,620],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[614,80361,5369],{"href":5368},[43,80363,294],{"id":293},[20,80365,80366,80368],{},[15,80367,39945],{}," needs at least two parts:",[30,80370,80371,80377],{},[33,80372,80373,80376],{},[1399,80374,80375],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[33,80378,80379,80382],{},[1399,80380,80381],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80384,3945],{},[48,80386,80387],{"className":50,"code":80332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,80388,80389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80390,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399,80401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80392,40088],{"class":101},[57,80394,105],{"class":71},[57,80396,38089],{"class":113},[57,80398,79],{"class":71},[57,80400,38094],{"class":113},[57,80402,316],{"class":71},[20,80404,80405],{},"You can pass:",[30,80407,80408,80417,80420],{},[33,80409,80410,80411,2441,80413,2445,80415],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80412,1103],{},[15,80414,2440],{},[15,80416,2272],{},[33,80418,80419],{},"your own custom function",[33,80421,80422],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80424,80425],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80427,80428,80429,80431],{},"You will often see ",[15,80430,39945],{}," used like this:",[48,80433,80435],{"className":50,"code":80434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80436,80437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80438,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449,80451,80453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80440,8321],{"class":1102},[57,80442,105],{"class":71},[57,80444,40088],{"class":101},[57,80446,105],{"class":71},[57,80448,38089],{"class":113},[57,80450,79],{"class":71},[57,80452,4121],{"class":113},[57,80454,117],{"class":71},[20,80456,6907,80457,80459],{},[15,80458,25011],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[43,80461,11703],{"id":11702},[20,80463,80464],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[48,80466,80468],{"className":50,"code":80467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80469,80470,80490,80508,80512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80471,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484,80486,80488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80473,64],{"class":63},[57,80475,68],{"class":67},[57,80477,72],{"class":71},[57,80479,1561],{"class":75},[57,80481,79],{"class":71},[57,80483,1617],{"class":75},[57,80485,79],{"class":71},[57,80487,1575],{"class":75},[57,80489,95],{"class":71},[57,80491,80492,80494,80496,80498,80500,80502,80504,80506],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,80493,1336],{"class":63},[57,80495,68],{"class":67},[57,80497,80224],{"class":101},[57,80499,105],{"class":71},[57,80501,1103],{"class":1102},[57,80503,79],{"class":71},[57,80505,4495],{"class":113},[57,80507,316],{"class":71},[57,80509,80510],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,80511,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,80513,80514,80516,80518,80520,80522,80524],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,80515,102],{"class":101},[57,80517,105],{"class":71},[57,80519,8321],{"class":1102},[57,80521,105],{"class":71},[57,80523,1368],{"class":113},[57,80525,117],{"class":71},[20,80527,216],{},[48,80529,80531],{"className":50,"code":80530,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80532,80533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80534,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549,80551,80553,80555,80557,80559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80536,1785],{"class":71},[57,80538,3543],{"class":169},[57,80540,1561],{"class":173},[57,80542,3543],{"class":169},[57,80544,79],{"class":71},[57,80546,3538],{"class":169},[57,80548,1568],{"class":173},[57,80550,3543],{"class":169},[57,80552,79],{"class":71},[57,80554,3538],{"class":169},[57,80556,37072],{"class":173},[57,80558,3543],{"class":169},[57,80560,95],{"class":71},[20,80562,11912],{},[30,80564,80565,80570,80578,80586,80594],{},[33,80566,80567,80569],{},[15,80568,114],{}," contains integers",[33,80571,80572,80575,80576],{},[15,80573,80574],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80577,47906],{},[33,80579,80580,42382,80583],{},[15,80581,80582],{},"str(10)",[15,80584,80585],{},"'10'",[33,80587,80588,42382,80591],{},[15,80589,80590],{},"str(20)",[15,80592,80593],{},"'20'",[33,80595,80596,42382,80599],{},[15,80597,80598],{},"str(30)",[15,80600,80601],{},"'30'",[20,80603,53872,80604,80606,80607,80609],{},[15,80605,39945],{}," applies ",[15,80608,47906],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80611,80612,80613,80615,80616,620],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80614,25011],{}," better, see ",[614,80617,13,80618,2144],{"href":65066},[15,80619,25011],{},[43,80621,443,80623,80625],{"id":80622},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80624,39945],{}," with your own function",[20,80627,15945,80628,80630],{},[15,80629,39945],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[48,80632,80634],{"className":50,"code":80633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80635,80636,80649,80659,80663,80687,80706,80710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80637,80638,80640,80643,80645,80647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80639,35081],{"class":1208},[57,80641,80642],{"class":35084}," double",[57,80644,105],{"class":71},[57,80646,1956],{"class":1211},[57,80648,8570],{"class":71},[57,80650,80651,80653,80655,80657],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,80652,35092],{"class":1962},[57,80654,1966],{"class":63},[57,80656,40101],{"class":67},[57,80658,45815],{"class":75},[57,80660,80661],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,80662,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,80664,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673,80675,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,80666,64],{"class":63},[57,80668,68],{"class":67},[57,80670,72],{"class":71},[57,80672,3231],{"class":75},[57,80674,79],{"class":71},[57,80676,87],{"class":75},[57,80678,79],{"class":71},[57,80680,1793],{"class":75},[57,80682,79],{"class":71},[57,80684,2706],{"class":75},[57,80686,95],{"class":71},[57,80688,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80700,80702,80704],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,80690,1336],{"class":63},[57,80692,68],{"class":67},[57,80694,80224],{"class":101},[57,80696,105],{"class":71},[57,80698,80699],{"class":113},"double",[57,80701,79],{"class":71},[57,80703,4495],{"class":113},[57,80705,316],{"class":71},[57,80707,80708],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,80709,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,80711,80712,80714,80716,80718,80720,80722],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,80713,102],{"class":101},[57,80715,105],{"class":71},[57,80717,8321],{"class":1102},[57,80719,105],{"class":71},[57,80721,1368],{"class":113},[57,80723,117],{"class":71},[20,80725,216],{},[48,80727,80728],{"className":50,"code":40114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,80729,80730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80731,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746,80748],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80733,1785],{"class":71},[57,80735,1788],{"class":75},[57,80737,79],{"class":71},[57,80739,2706],{"class":75},[57,80741,79],{"class":71},[57,80743,37874],{"class":75},[57,80745,79],{"class":71},[57,80747,82],{"class":75},[57,80749,95],{"class":71},[20,80751,65802],{},[30,80753,80754,80761,80767],{},[33,80755,80756,80758,80759],{},[15,80757,39945],{}," takes the function ",[15,80760,80699],{},[33,80762,80763,80764,80766],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80765,114],{}," into that function",[33,80768,80769],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80771,80772],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[30,80774,80775,80782,80789,80797],{},[33,80776,80777,6302,80780],{},[15,80778,80779],{},"double(1)",[15,80781,1788],{},[33,80783,80784,6302,80787],{},[15,80785,80786],{},"double(2)",[15,80788,647],{},[33,80790,80791,6302,80794],{},[15,80792,80793],{},"double(3)",[15,80795,80796],{},"6",[33,80798,80799,6302,80802],{},[15,80800,80801],{},"double(4)",[15,80803,2595],{},[43,80805,443,80807,80809],{"id":80806},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80808,39945],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80811,80812,80814],{},[15,80813,39945],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80816,80817],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80819,864],{},[48,80821,80823],{"className":50,"code":80822,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80824,80825,80842,80852,80856,80877,80898,80902,80927,80931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80826,80827,80829,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80828,35081],{"class":1208},[57,80830,80831],{"class":35084}," add_numbers",[57,80833,105],{"class":71},[57,80835,614],{"class":1211},[57,80837,79],{"class":71},[57,80839,733],{"class":1211},[57,80841,8570],{"class":71},[57,80843,80844,80846,80848,80850],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,80845,35092],{"class":1962},[57,80847,44770],{"class":63},[57,80849,2314],{"class":67},[57,80851,36414],{"class":63},[57,80853,80854],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,80855,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,80857,80858,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871,80873,80875],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,80859,80860],{"class":63},"list1 ",[57,80862,68],{"class":67},[57,80864,72],{"class":71},[57,80866,3231],{"class":75},[57,80868,79],{"class":71},[57,80870,87],{"class":75},[57,80872,79],{"class":71},[57,80874,1793],{"class":75},[57,80876,95],{"class":71},[57,80878,80879,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,80880,80881],{"class":63},"list2 ",[57,80883,68],{"class":67},[57,80885,72],{"class":71},[57,80887,1561],{"class":75},[57,80889,79],{"class":71},[57,80891,1617],{"class":75},[57,80893,79],{"class":71},[57,80895,1575],{"class":75},[57,80897,95],{"class":71},[57,80899,80900],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,80901,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,80903,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912,80915,80917,80920,80922,80925],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,80905,1336],{"class":63},[57,80907,68],{"class":67},[57,80909,80224],{"class":101},[57,80911,105],{"class":71},[57,80913,80914],{"class":113},"add_numbers",[57,80916,79],{"class":71},[57,80918,80919],{"class":113}," list1",[57,80921,79],{"class":71},[57,80923,80924],{"class":113}," list2",[57,80926,316],{"class":71},[57,80928,80929],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,80930,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,80932,80933,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,80934,102],{"class":101},[57,80936,105],{"class":71},[57,80938,8321],{"class":1102},[57,80940,105],{"class":71},[57,80942,1368],{"class":113},[57,80944,117],{"class":71},[20,80946,216],{},[48,80948,80950],{"className":50,"code":80949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80951,80952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,80953,80954,80956,80959,80961,80964,80966,80969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,80955,1785],{"class":71},[57,80957,80958],{"class":75},"11",[57,80960,79],{"class":71},[57,80962,80963],{"class":75}," 22",[57,80965,79],{"class":71},[57,80967,80968],{"class":75}," 33",[57,80970,95],{"class":71},[20,80972,2430],{},[30,80974,80975,80981,80987],{},[33,80976,80977,80978],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80979,80980],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[33,80982,80983,80984],{},"then ",[15,80985,80986],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[33,80988,80983,80989],{},[15,80990,80991],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[943,80993,80995,80997],{"id":80994},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80996,39945],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80999,81000,81001,81003],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,81002,39945],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[48,81005,81007],{"className":50,"code":81006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81008,81009,81025,81035,81039,81063,81079,81083,81105,81109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81010,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81012,35081],{"class":1208},[57,81014,80831],{"class":35084},[57,81016,105],{"class":71},[57,81018,614],{"class":1211},[57,81020,79],{"class":71},[57,81022,733],{"class":1211},[57,81024,8570],{"class":71},[57,81026,81027,81029,81031,81033],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81028,35092],{"class":1962},[57,81030,44770],{"class":63},[57,81032,2314],{"class":67},[57,81034,36414],{"class":63},[57,81036,81037],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81038,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81040,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,81042,80860],{"class":63},[57,81044,68],{"class":67},[57,81046,72],{"class":71},[57,81048,3231],{"class":75},[57,81050,79],{"class":71},[57,81052,87],{"class":75},[57,81054,79],{"class":71},[57,81056,1793],{"class":75},[57,81058,79],{"class":71},[57,81060,2706],{"class":75},[57,81062,95],{"class":71},[57,81064,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,81066,80881],{"class":63},[57,81068,68],{"class":67},[57,81070,72],{"class":71},[57,81072,1561],{"class":75},[57,81074,79],{"class":71},[57,81076,1617],{"class":75},[57,81078,95],{"class":71},[57,81080,81081],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,81082,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81084,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81101,81103],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,81086,1336],{"class":63},[57,81088,68],{"class":67},[57,81090,80224],{"class":101},[57,81092,105],{"class":71},[57,81094,80914],{"class":113},[57,81096,79],{"class":71},[57,81098,80919],{"class":113},[57,81100,79],{"class":71},[57,81102,80924],{"class":113},[57,81104,316],{"class":71},[57,81106,81107],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,81108,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81110,81111,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,81112,102],{"class":101},[57,81114,105],{"class":71},[57,81116,8321],{"class":1102},[57,81118,105],{"class":71},[57,81120,1368],{"class":113},[57,81122,117],{"class":71},[20,81124,216],{},[48,81126,81128],{"className":50,"code":81127,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81129,81130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81131,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81133,1785],{"class":71},[57,81135,80958],{"class":75},[57,81137,79],{"class":71},[57,81139,80963],{"class":75},[57,81141,95],{"class":71},[20,81143,81144,81145,81148],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81146,81147],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[43,81150,81152,81154],{"id":81151},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81153,39945],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81156,38252,81157,81159],{},[15,81158,39945],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81161,81162,81163,81166],{},"This object is ",[1399,81164,81165],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[943,81168,2737,81170,81172],{"id":81169},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81171,33257],{}," looks strange",[20,81174,33872],{},[48,81176,81178],{"className":50,"code":81177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81179,81180,81200,81218,81222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81181,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81183,64],{"class":63},[57,81185,68],{"class":67},[57,81187,72],{"class":71},[57,81189,3231],{"class":75},[57,81191,79],{"class":71},[57,81193,87],{"class":75},[57,81195,79],{"class":71},[57,81197,1793],{"class":75},[57,81199,95],{"class":71},[57,81201,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81203,1336],{"class":63},[57,81205,68],{"class":67},[57,81207,80224],{"class":101},[57,81209,105],{"class":71},[57,81211,1103],{"class":1102},[57,81213,79],{"class":71},[57,81215,4495],{"class":113},[57,81217,316],{"class":71},[57,81219,81220],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81221,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81223,81224,81226,81228,81230],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,81225,102],{"class":101},[57,81227,105],{"class":71},[57,81229,1368],{"class":113},[57,81231,316],{"class":71},[20,81233,81234],{},"Output will look something like this:",[48,81236,81238],{"className":50,"code":81237,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81239,81240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81241,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81243,3532],{"class":67},[57,81245,40088],{"class":101},[57,81247,24848],{"class":1102},[57,81249,37594],{"class":63},[57,81251,37598],{"class":37597},[57,81253,37601],{"class":34683},[57,81255,3546],{"class":67},[20,81257,81258],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81260,81261],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[48,81263,81265],{"className":50,"code":81264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81266,81267,81287,81305,81309],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81268,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279,81281,81283,81285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81270,64],{"class":63},[57,81272,68],{"class":67},[57,81274,72],{"class":71},[57,81276,3231],{"class":75},[57,81278,79],{"class":71},[57,81280,87],{"class":75},[57,81282,79],{"class":71},[57,81284,1793],{"class":75},[57,81286,95],{"class":71},[57,81288,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301,81303],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81290,1336],{"class":63},[57,81292,68],{"class":67},[57,81294,80224],{"class":101},[57,81296,105],{"class":71},[57,81298,1103],{"class":1102},[57,81300,79],{"class":71},[57,81302,4495],{"class":113},[57,81304,316],{"class":71},[57,81306,81307],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81308,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81310,81311,81313,81315,81317,81319,81321],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,81312,102],{"class":101},[57,81314,105],{"class":71},[57,81316,8321],{"class":1102},[57,81318,105],{"class":71},[57,81320,1368],{"class":113},[57,81322,117],{"class":71},[20,81324,216],{},[48,81326,81328],{"className":50,"code":81327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81329,81330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81331,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81333,1785],{"class":71},[57,81335,3543],{"class":169},[57,81337,3231],{"class":173},[57,81339,3543],{"class":169},[57,81341,79],{"class":71},[57,81343,3538],{"class":169},[57,81345,1788],{"class":173},[57,81347,3543],{"class":169},[57,81349,79],{"class":71},[57,81351,3538],{"class":169},[57,81353,76],{"class":173},[57,81355,3543],{"class":169},[57,81357,95],{"class":71},[943,81359,81361],{"id":81360},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[48,81363,81365],{"className":50,"code":81364,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81366,81367,81387,81405,81409,81422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81368,81369,81371,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81385],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81370,64],{"class":63},[57,81372,68],{"class":67},[57,81374,72],{"class":71},[57,81376,3231],{"class":75},[57,81378,79],{"class":71},[57,81380,87],{"class":75},[57,81382,79],{"class":71},[57,81384,1793],{"class":75},[57,81386,95],{"class":71},[57,81388,81389,81391,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81390,1336],{"class":63},[57,81392,68],{"class":67},[57,81394,80224],{"class":101},[57,81396,105],{"class":71},[57,81398,1103],{"class":1102},[57,81400,79],{"class":71},[57,81402,4495],{"class":113},[57,81404,316],{"class":71},[57,81406,81407],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81408,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81410,81411,81413,81415,81417,81420],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,81412,6189],{"class":1962},[57,81414,6192],{"class":63},[57,81416,1969],{"class":1962},[57,81418,81419],{"class":63}," result",[57,81421,6623],{"class":71},[57,81423,81424,81426,81428,81430],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,81425,8296],{"class":101},[57,81427,105],{"class":71},[57,81429,23541],{"class":113},[57,81431,316],{"class":71},[20,81433,216],{},[48,81435,81437],{"className":50,"code":81436,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81438,81439,81443,81447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81440,81441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81442,47141],{"class":75},[57,81444,81445],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81446,17286],{"class":75},[57,81448,81449],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81450,46841],{"class":75},[943,81452,81454],{"id":81453},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81456,81457],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[48,81459,81461],{"className":50,"code":81460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81462,81463,81483,81501,81505,81519],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81464,81465,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477,81479,81481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81466,64],{"class":63},[57,81468,68],{"class":67},[57,81470,72],{"class":71},[57,81472,3231],{"class":75},[57,81474,79],{"class":71},[57,81476,87],{"class":75},[57,81478,79],{"class":71},[57,81480,1793],{"class":75},[57,81482,95],{"class":71},[57,81484,81485,81487,81489,81491,81493,81495,81497,81499],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81486,1336],{"class":63},[57,81488,68],{"class":67},[57,81490,80224],{"class":101},[57,81492,105],{"class":71},[57,81494,1103],{"class":1102},[57,81496,79],{"class":71},[57,81498,4495],{"class":113},[57,81500,316],{"class":71},[57,81502,81503],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81504,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81506,81507,81509,81511,81513,81515,81517],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,81508,102],{"class":101},[57,81510,105],{"class":71},[57,81512,8321],{"class":1102},[57,81514,105],{"class":71},[57,81516,1368],{"class":113},[57,81518,117],{"class":71},[57,81520,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,81522,102],{"class":101},[57,81524,105],{"class":71},[57,81526,8321],{"class":1102},[57,81528,105],{"class":71},[57,81530,1368],{"class":113},[57,81532,117],{"class":71},[20,81534,216],{},[48,81536,81538],{"className":50,"code":81537,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81539,81540,81568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81541,81542,81544,81546,81548,81550,81552,81554,81556,81558,81560,81562,81564,81566],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81543,1785],{"class":71},[57,81545,3543],{"class":169},[57,81547,3231],{"class":173},[57,81549,3543],{"class":169},[57,81551,79],{"class":71},[57,81553,3538],{"class":169},[57,81555,1788],{"class":173},[57,81557,3543],{"class":169},[57,81559,79],{"class":71},[57,81561,3538],{"class":169},[57,81563,76],{"class":173},[57,81565,3543],{"class":169},[57,81567,95],{"class":71},[57,81569,81570],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81571,38526],{"class":71},[20,81573,81574],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81576,81577],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[48,81579,81581],{"className":50,"code":81580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81582,81583,81603,81625,81629,81639],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81584,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81586,64],{"class":63},[57,81588,68],{"class":67},[57,81590,72],{"class":71},[57,81592,3231],{"class":75},[57,81594,79],{"class":71},[57,81596,87],{"class":75},[57,81598,79],{"class":71},[57,81600,1793],{"class":75},[57,81602,95],{"class":71},[57,81604,81605,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81606,1336],{"class":63},[57,81608,68],{"class":67},[57,81610,22790],{"class":1102},[57,81612,105],{"class":71},[57,81614,40088],{"class":101},[57,81616,105],{"class":71},[57,81618,1103],{"class":1102},[57,81620,79],{"class":71},[57,81622,4495],{"class":113},[57,81624,117],{"class":71},[57,81626,81627],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81628,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81630,81631,81633,81635,81637],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,81632,102],{"class":101},[57,81634,105],{"class":71},[57,81636,1368],{"class":113},[57,81638,316],{"class":71},[57,81640,81641,81643,81645,81647],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,81642,102],{"class":101},[57,81644,105],{"class":71},[57,81646,1368],{"class":113},[57,81648,316],{"class":71},[20,81650,216],{},[48,81652,81654],{"className":50,"code":81653,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81655,81656,81684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81657,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81659,1785],{"class":71},[57,81661,3543],{"class":169},[57,81663,3231],{"class":173},[57,81665,3543],{"class":169},[57,81667,79],{"class":71},[57,81669,3538],{"class":169},[57,81671,1788],{"class":173},[57,81673,3543],{"class":169},[57,81675,79],{"class":71},[57,81677,3538],{"class":169},[57,81679,76],{"class":173},[57,81681,3543],{"class":169},[57,81683,95],{"class":71},[57,81685,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81687,1785],{"class":71},[57,81689,3543],{"class":169},[57,81691,3231],{"class":173},[57,81693,3543],{"class":169},[57,81695,79],{"class":71},[57,81697,3538],{"class":169},[57,81699,1788],{"class":173},[57,81701,3543],{"class":169},[57,81703,79],{"class":71},[57,81705,3538],{"class":169},[57,81707,76],{"class":173},[57,81709,3543],{"class":169},[57,81711,95],{"class":71},[43,81713,5194,81715],{"id":81714},"when-to-use-map",[15,81716,39945],{},[20,81718,81719,81721],{},[15,81720,39945],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81723,81724],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[30,81726,81727,81731,81735],{},[33,81728,81729],{},[15,81730,1103],{},[33,81732,81733],{},[15,81734,2440],{},[33,81736,81737],{},[15,81738,2272],{},[20,81740,864],{},[48,81742,81744],{"className":50,"code":81743,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81745,81746,81778,81800,81804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81747,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81749,4061],{"class":63},[57,81751,68],{"class":67},[57,81753,72],{"class":71},[57,81755,3543],{"class":169},[57,81757,3231],{"class":173},[57,81759,3543],{"class":169},[57,81761,79],{"class":71},[57,81763,3538],{"class":169},[57,81765,1788],{"class":173},[57,81767,3543],{"class":169},[57,81769,79],{"class":71},[57,81771,3538],{"class":169},[57,81773,76],{"class":173},[57,81775,3543],{"class":169},[57,81777,95],{"class":71},[57,81779,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81781,64],{"class":63},[57,81783,68],{"class":67},[57,81785,22790],{"class":1102},[57,81787,105],{"class":71},[57,81789,40088],{"class":101},[57,81791,105],{"class":71},[57,81793,2440],{"class":1102},[57,81795,79],{"class":71},[57,81797,4121],{"class":113},[57,81799,117],{"class":71},[57,81801,81802],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81803,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,81805,81806,81808,81810,81812],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,81807,102],{"class":101},[57,81809,105],{"class":71},[57,81811,114],{"class":113},[57,81813,316],{"class":71},[20,81815,216],{},[48,81817,81818],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81819,81820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81821,81822,81824,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81823,1785],{"class":71},[57,81825,3231],{"class":75},[57,81827,79],{"class":71},[57,81829,87],{"class":75},[57,81831,79],{"class":71},[57,81833,1793],{"class":75},[57,81835,95],{"class":71},[20,81837,81838],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81840,81841],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[48,81843,81845],{"className":50,"code":81844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81846,81847,81867,81889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81848,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81850,64],{"class":63},[57,81852,68],{"class":67},[57,81854,72],{"class":71},[57,81856,3231],{"class":75},[57,81858,79],{"class":71},[57,81860,87],{"class":75},[57,81862,79],{"class":71},[57,81864,1793],{"class":75},[57,81866,95],{"class":71},[57,81868,81869,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885,81887],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81870,1336],{"class":63},[57,81872,68],{"class":67},[57,81874,22790],{"class":1102},[57,81876,105],{"class":71},[57,81878,40088],{"class":101},[57,81880,105],{"class":71},[57,81882,1103],{"class":1102},[57,81884,79],{"class":71},[57,81886,4495],{"class":113},[57,81888,117],{"class":71},[57,81890,81891,81893,81895,81897],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81892,102],{"class":101},[57,81894,105],{"class":71},[57,81896,1368],{"class":113},[57,81898,316],{"class":71},[48,81900,81902],{"className":50,"code":81901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81903,81904,81924,81951],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81905,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81907,64],{"class":63},[57,81909,68],{"class":67},[57,81911,72],{"class":71},[57,81913,3231],{"class":75},[57,81915,79],{"class":71},[57,81917,87],{"class":75},[57,81919,79],{"class":71},[57,81921,1793],{"class":75},[57,81923,95],{"class":71},[57,81925,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942,81945,81947,81949],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,81927,1336],{"class":63},[57,81929,68],{"class":67},[57,81931,72],{"class":71},[57,81933,1103],{"class":1102},[57,81935,105],{"class":71},[57,81937,76238],{"class":113},[57,81939,1959],{"class":71},[57,81941,1963],{"class":1962},[57,81943,81944],{"class":63}," n ",[57,81946,1969],{"class":1962},[57,81948,4495],{"class":63},[57,81950,95],{"class":71},[57,81952,81953,81955,81957,81959],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,81954,102],{"class":101},[57,81956,105],{"class":71},[57,81958,1368],{"class":113},[57,81960,316],{"class":71},[20,81962,81963],{},"Both produce:",[48,81965,81966],{"className":50,"code":81327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,81967,81968],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,81969,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,81971,1785],{"class":71},[57,81973,3543],{"class":169},[57,81975,3231],{"class":173},[57,81977,3543],{"class":169},[57,81979,79],{"class":71},[57,81981,3538],{"class":169},[57,81983,1788],{"class":173},[57,81985,3543],{"class":169},[57,81987,79],{"class":71},[57,81989,3538],{"class":169},[57,81991,76],{"class":173},[57,81993,3543],{"class":169},[57,81995,95],{"class":71},[20,81997,81998],{},"A simple rule:",[30,82000,82001,82006,82011],{},[33,82002,40219,82003,82005],{},[15,82004,39945],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[33,82007,40225,82008,82010],{},[15,82009,6189],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[33,82012,82013],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,82015,82016,82017,620],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[614,82018,4625],{"href":4624},[43,82020,4751],{"id":4750},[943,82022,82024,82025],{"id":82023},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,82026,25011],{},[20,82028,82029],{},"This is very common:",[48,82031,82032],{"className":50,"code":81177,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82033,82034,82054,82072,82076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82035,82036,82038,82040,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82037,64],{"class":63},[57,82039,68],{"class":67},[57,82041,72],{"class":71},[57,82043,3231],{"class":75},[57,82045,79],{"class":71},[57,82047,87],{"class":75},[57,82049,79],{"class":71},[57,82051,1793],{"class":75},[57,82053,95],{"class":71},[57,82055,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,82057,1336],{"class":63},[57,82059,68],{"class":67},[57,82061,80224],{"class":101},[57,82063,105],{"class":71},[57,82065,1103],{"class":1102},[57,82067,79],{"class":71},[57,82069,4495],{"class":113},[57,82071,316],{"class":71},[57,82073,82074],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,82075,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,82077,82078,82080,82082,82084],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,82079,102],{"class":101},[57,82081,105],{"class":71},[57,82083,1368],{"class":113},[57,82085,316],{"class":71},[20,82087,82088],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82090,39490],{},[48,82092,82094],{"className":50,"code":82093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82095,82096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82097,82098,82100,82102,82104,82106,82108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82099,102],{"class":101},[57,82101,105],{"class":71},[57,82103,8321],{"class":1102},[57,82105,105],{"class":71},[57,82107,1368],{"class":113},[57,82109,117],{"class":71},[943,82111,82113],{"id":82112},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82115,16873],{},[48,82117,82119],{"className":50,"code":82118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82120,82121,82141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82122,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82124,64],{"class":63},[57,82126,68],{"class":67},[57,82128,72],{"class":71},[57,82130,3231],{"class":75},[57,82132,79],{"class":71},[57,82134,87],{"class":75},[57,82136,79],{"class":71},[57,82138,1793],{"class":75},[57,82140,95],{"class":71},[57,82142,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82156,82158],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,82144,1336],{"class":63},[57,82146,68],{"class":67},[57,82148,80224],{"class":101},[57,82150,105],{"class":71},[57,82152,1103],{"class":1102},[57,82154,82155],{"class":71},"(),",[57,82157,4495],{"class":113},[57,82159,316],{"class":71},[20,82161,82162,82163,82165,82166,82168],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82164,47906],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82167,39945],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82170,16885],{},[48,82172,82173],{"className":50,"code":81264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82174,82175,82195,82213,82217],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82176,82177,82179,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82191,82193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82178,64],{"class":63},[57,82180,68],{"class":67},[57,82182,72],{"class":71},[57,82184,3231],{"class":75},[57,82186,79],{"class":71},[57,82188,87],{"class":75},[57,82190,79],{"class":71},[57,82192,1793],{"class":75},[57,82194,95],{"class":71},[57,82196,82197,82199,82201,82203,82205,82207,82209,82211],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,82198,1336],{"class":63},[57,82200,68],{"class":67},[57,82202,80224],{"class":101},[57,82204,105],{"class":71},[57,82206,1103],{"class":1102},[57,82208,79],{"class":71},[57,82210,4495],{"class":113},[57,82212,316],{"class":71},[57,82214,82215],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,82216,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,82218,82219,82221,82223,82225,82227,82229],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,82220,102],{"class":101},[57,82222,105],{"class":71},[57,82224,8321],{"class":1102},[57,82226,105],{"class":71},[57,82228,1368],{"class":113},[57,82230,117],{"class":71},[943,82232,82234],{"id":82233},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82236,82237],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82239,16873],{},[48,82241,82243],{"className":50,"code":82242,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82244,82245,82262,82272,82276,82296,82315,82319],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82246,82247,82249,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82248,35081],{"class":1208},[57,82250,82251],{"class":35084}," add",[57,82253,105],{"class":71},[57,82255,614],{"class":1211},[57,82257,79],{"class":71},[57,82259,733],{"class":1211},[57,82261,8570],{"class":71},[57,82263,82264,82266,82268,82270],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,82265,35092],{"class":1962},[57,82267,44770],{"class":63},[57,82269,2314],{"class":67},[57,82271,36414],{"class":63},[57,82273,82274],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,82275,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,82277,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292,82294],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,82279,64],{"class":63},[57,82281,68],{"class":67},[57,82283,72],{"class":71},[57,82285,3231],{"class":75},[57,82287,79],{"class":71},[57,82289,87],{"class":75},[57,82291,79],{"class":71},[57,82293,1793],{"class":75},[57,82295,95],{"class":71},[57,82297,82298,82300,82302,82304,82306,82309,82311,82313],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,82299,1336],{"class":63},[57,82301,68],{"class":67},[57,82303,80224],{"class":101},[57,82305,105],{"class":71},[57,82307,82308],{"class":113},"add",[57,82310,79],{"class":71},[57,82312,4495],{"class":113},[57,82314,316],{"class":71},[57,82316,82317],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,82318,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,82320,82321,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,82322,102],{"class":101},[57,82324,105],{"class":71},[57,82326,8321],{"class":1102},[57,82328,105],{"class":71},[57,82330,1368],{"class":113},[57,82332,117],{"class":71},[20,82334,16885],{},[48,82336,82338],{"className":50,"code":82337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82339,82340,82356,82366,82370,82390,82410,82432,82436],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82341,82342,82344,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82343,35081],{"class":1208},[57,82345,82251],{"class":35084},[57,82347,105],{"class":71},[57,82349,614],{"class":1211},[57,82351,79],{"class":71},[57,82353,733],{"class":1211},[57,82355,8570],{"class":71},[57,82357,82358,82360,82362,82364],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,82359,35092],{"class":1962},[57,82361,44770],{"class":63},[57,82363,2314],{"class":67},[57,82365,36414],{"class":63},[57,82367,82368],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,82369,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,82371,82372,82374,82376,82378,82380,82382,82384,82386,82388],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,82373,80860],{"class":63},[57,82375,68],{"class":67},[57,82377,72],{"class":71},[57,82379,3231],{"class":75},[57,82381,79],{"class":71},[57,82383,87],{"class":75},[57,82385,79],{"class":71},[57,82387,1793],{"class":75},[57,82389,95],{"class":71},[57,82391,82392,82394,82396,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406,82408],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,82393,80881],{"class":63},[57,82395,68],{"class":67},[57,82397,72],{"class":71},[57,82399,1561],{"class":75},[57,82401,79],{"class":71},[57,82403,1617],{"class":75},[57,82405,79],{"class":71},[57,82407,1575],{"class":75},[57,82409,95],{"class":71},[57,82411,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424,82426,82428,82430],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,82413,1336],{"class":63},[57,82415,68],{"class":67},[57,82417,80224],{"class":101},[57,82419,105],{"class":71},[57,82421,82308],{"class":113},[57,82423,79],{"class":71},[57,82425,80919],{"class":113},[57,82427,79],{"class":71},[57,82429,80924],{"class":113},[57,82431,316],{"class":71},[57,82433,82434],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,82435,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,82437,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,82439,102],{"class":101},[57,82441,105],{"class":71},[57,82443,8321],{"class":1102},[57,82445,105],{"class":71},[57,82447,1368],{"class":113},[57,82449,117],{"class":71},[943,82451,82453],{"id":82452},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82455,16873],{},[48,82457,82458],{"className":50,"code":81460,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,82459,82460,82480,82498,82502,82516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82461,82462,82464,82466,82468,82470,82472,82474,82476,82478],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82463,64],{"class":63},[57,82465,68],{"class":67},[57,82467,72],{"class":71},[57,82469,3231],{"class":75},[57,82471,79],{"class":71},[57,82473,87],{"class":75},[57,82475,79],{"class":71},[57,82477,1793],{"class":75},[57,82479,95],{"class":71},[57,82481,82482,82484,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,82483,1336],{"class":63},[57,82485,68],{"class":67},[57,82487,80224],{"class":101},[57,82489,105],{"class":71},[57,82491,1103],{"class":1102},[57,82493,79],{"class":71},[57,82495,4495],{"class":113},[57,82497,316],{"class":71},[57,82499,82500],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,82501,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,82503,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,82505,102],{"class":101},[57,82507,105],{"class":71},[57,82509,8321],{"class":1102},[57,82511,105],{"class":71},[57,82513,1368],{"class":113},[57,82515,117],{"class":71},[57,82517,82518,82520,82522,82524,82526,82528],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,82519,102],{"class":101},[57,82521,105],{"class":71},[57,82523,8321],{"class":1102},[57,82525,105],{"class":71},[57,82527,1368],{"class":113},[57,82529,117],{"class":71},[20,82531,82532],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82534,82535],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[43,82537,68112],{"id":68111},[20,82539,9103,82540,82542],{},[15,82541,39945],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,82544,82546],{"className":50,"code":82545,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82547,82548,82558,82572,82586,82598],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,82549,82550,82552,82554,82556],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,82551,102],{"class":101},[57,82553,105],{"class":71},[57,82555,1368],{"class":113},[57,82557,316],{"class":71},[57,82559,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,82561,102],{"class":101},[57,82563,105],{"class":71},[57,82565,8321],{"class":1102},[57,82567,105],{"class":71},[57,82569,1368],{"class":113},[57,82571,117],{"class":71},[57,82573,82574,82576,82578,82580,82582,82584],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,82575,102],{"class":101},[57,82577,105],{"class":71},[57,82579,1886],{"class":1102},[57,82581,105],{"class":71},[57,82583,1368],{"class":113},[57,82585,117],{"class":71},[57,82587,82588,82590,82592,82594,82596],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,82589,6189],{"class":1962},[57,82591,6192],{"class":63},[57,82593,1969],{"class":1962},[57,82595,81419],{"class":63},[57,82597,6623],{"class":71},[57,82599,82600,82602,82604,82606],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,82601,8296],{"class":101},[57,82603,105],{"class":71},[57,82605,23541],{"class":113},[57,82607,316],{"class":71},[20,82609,12901],{},[30,82611,82612,82617,82622,82628],{},[33,82613,82614,82616],{},[15,82615,33257],{}," shows that you have a map object",[33,82618,82619,82621],{},[15,82620,33265],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[33,82623,82624,82627],{},[15,82625,82626],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[33,82629,82630,82631,82633],{},"looping over ",[15,82632,1368],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82635,82636,82637,82640,82641,82643],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82638,82639],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82642,6189],{}," loop consume the map object.",[43,82645,2011],{"id":2010},[943,82647,12933,82649,82651],{"id":82648},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82650,39945],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82653,82654,82655,82657,82658,24169],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82656,39945],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82659,82660],{},"list(map(...))",[943,82662,15133,82664,82666,82667,82669],{"id":82663},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82665,39945],{}," better than a ",[15,82668,6189],{}," loop?",[20,82671,82672,82673,82675,82676,82678],{},"Not always. ",[15,82674,39945],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82677,6189],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[943,82680,2025,82682,82684],{"id":82681},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82683,39945],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82686,82687],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[943,82689,82691],{"id":82690},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82693,82694],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[43,82696,2135],{"id":2134},[30,82698,82699,82705,82711,82715,82719],{},[33,82700,82701],{},[614,82702,13,82703,2144],{"href":40314},[15,82704,37806],{},[33,82706,82707],{},[614,82708,13,82709,2144],{"href":65066},[15,82710,25011],{},[33,82712,82713],{},[614,82714,5451],{"href":5364},[33,82716,82717],{},[614,82718,5456],{"href":4624},[33,82720,82721],{},[614,82722,5446],{"href":5368},[2172,82724,82725],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":82727},[82728,82729,82731,82732,82733,82735,82740,82747,82749,82756,82757,82766],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":80303,"depth":98,"text":82730},"What map() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":80622,"depth":98,"text":82734},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80806,"depth":98,"text":82736,"children":82737},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82738],{"id":80994,"depth":120,"text":82739},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81151,"depth":98,"text":82741,"children":82742},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82743,82745,82746],{"id":81169,"depth":120,"text":82744},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81360,"depth":120,"text":81361},{"id":81453,"depth":120,"text":81454},{"id":81714,"depth":98,"text":82748},"When to use map()",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":82750},[82751,82753,82754,82755],{"id":82023,"depth":120,"text":82752},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82112,"depth":120,"text":82113},{"id":82233,"depth":120,"text":82234},{"id":82452,"depth":120,"text":82453},{"id":68111,"depth":98,"text":68112},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":82758},[82759,82761,82763,82765],{"id":82648,"depth":120,"text":82760},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82663,"depth":120,"text":82762},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82681,"depth":120,"text":82764},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82690,"depth":120,"text":82691},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner 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min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84599,"toc":86509},[84600,84605,84610,84616,84618,84692,84694,84707,84712,84717,84733,84737,84742,84818,84824,84827,84870,84872,84880,84886,84889,84920,84922,84930,84936,84941,85000,85002,85011,85014,85024,85030,85035,85070,85072,85080,85086,85092,85097,85141,85143,85152,85155,85195,85197,85206,85209,85221,85226,85231,85282,85284,85293,85296,85347,85349,85358,85361,85368,85374,85379,85381,85396,85400,85460,85462,85471,85475,85647,85649,85686,85693,85699,85702,85729,85731,85752,85757,85792,85794,85802,85805,85808,85824,85829,85831,85835,85841,85845,85872,85875,85885,85925,85929,85932,85975,85977,85986,85989,85994,86063,86065,86073,86078,86082,86085,86136,86138,86146,86149,86212,86214,86222,86225,86230,86234,86247,86254,86262,86264,86266,86296,86302,86403,86413,86415,86420,86423,86428,86431,86433,86441,86449,86457,86464,86472,86474,86506],[10,84601,13,84603,18],{"id":84602},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84604,1825],{},[20,84606,84607,84609],{},[15,84608,1825],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84611,84612,84613,84615],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84614,1825],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[43,84617,46],{"id":45},[48,84619,84621],{"className":50,"code":84620,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84622,84623,84647,84662,84666],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84624,84625,84627,84629,84631,84633,84635,84637,84639,84641,84643,84645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84626,64],{"class":63},[57,84628,68],{"class":67},[57,84630,72],{"class":71},[57,84632,2389],{"class":75},[57,84634,79],{"class":71},[57,84636,87],{"class":75},[57,84638,79],{"class":71},[57,84640,54355],{"class":75},[57,84642,79],{"class":71},[57,84644,5729],{"class":75},[57,84646,95],{"class":71},[57,84648,84649,84651,84653,84656,84658,84660],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,84650,102],{"class":101},[57,84652,105],{"class":71},[57,84654,84655],{"class":101},"min",[57,84657,105],{"class":71},[57,84659,114],{"class":113},[57,84661,117],{"class":71},[57,84663,84664],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,84665,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,84667,84668,84670,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682,84684,84686,84688,84690],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,84669,102],{"class":101},[57,84671,105],{"class":71},[57,84673,84655],{"class":101},[57,84675,105],{"class":71},[57,84677,2389],{"class":75},[57,84679,79],{"class":71},[57,84681,87],{"class":75},[57,84683,79],{"class":71},[57,84685,54355],{"class":75},[57,84687,79],{"class":71},[57,84689,5729],{"class":75},[57,84691,117],{"class":71},[20,84693,216],{},[48,84695,84697],{"className":50,"code":84696,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1\n1\n",[15,84698,84699,84703],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84700,84701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84702,47141],{"class":75},[57,84704,84705],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,84706,47141],{"class":75},[20,84708,1806,84709,84711],{},[15,84710,1825],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[43,84713,262,84715,265],{"id":84714},"what-min-does",[15,84716,1825],{},[30,84718,84719,84724,84727,84730],{},[33,84720,84721,84723],{},[15,84722,1825],{}," returns the smallest item",[33,84725,84726],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[33,84728,84729],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[33,84731,84732],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[43,84734,84736],{"id":84735},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84738,84739,84740,270],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84741,1825],{},[48,84743,84745],{"className":50,"code":84744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84746,84747,84757,84782,84800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84748,84749,84751,84753,84755],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84750,84655],{"class":101},[57,84752,105],{"class":71},[57,84754,313],{"class":113},[57,84756,316],{"class":71},[57,84758,84759,84761,84763,84766,84768,84771,84773,84776,84778,84780],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,84760,84655],{"class":101},[57,84762,105],{"class":71},[57,84764,84765],{"class":113},"value1",[57,84767,79],{"class":71},[57,84769,84770],{"class":113}," value2",[57,84772,79],{"class":71},[57,84774,84775],{"class":113}," value3",[57,84777,79],{"class":71},[57,84779,34684],{"class":101},[57,84781,316],{"class":71},[57,84783,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84794,84796,84798],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,84785,84655],{"class":101},[57,84787,105],{"class":71},[57,84789,313],{"class":113},[57,84791,79],{"class":71},[57,84793,335],{"class":334},[57,84795,68],{"class":67},[57,84797,37601],{"class":101},[57,84799,316],{"class":71},[57,84801,84802,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,84803,84655],{"class":101},[57,84805,105],{"class":71},[57,84807,313],{"class":113},[57,84809,79],{"class":71},[57,84811,359],{"class":334},[57,84813,68],{"class":67},[57,84815,37601],{"class":101},[57,84817,316],{"class":71},[943,84819,84821],{"id":84820},"miniterable",[15,84822,84823],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84825,84826],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[48,84828,84830],{"className":50,"code":84829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84831,84832,84856],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84833,84834,84836,84838,84840,84842,84844,84846,84848,84850,84852,84854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84835,64],{"class":63},[57,84837,68],{"class":67},[57,84839,72],{"class":71},[57,84841,2595],{"class":75},[57,84843,79],{"class":71},[57,84845,1793],{"class":75},[57,84847,79],{"class":71},[57,84849,652],{"class":75},[57,84851,79],{"class":71},[57,84853,5729],{"class":75},[57,84855,95],{"class":71},[57,84857,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,84859,102],{"class":101},[57,84861,105],{"class":71},[57,84863,84655],{"class":101},[57,84865,105],{"class":71},[57,84867,114],{"class":113},[57,84869,117],{"class":71},[20,84871,216],{},[48,84873,84874],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,84875,84876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84877,84878],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84879,47141],{"class":75},[943,84881,84883],{"id":84882},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84884,84885],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84887,84888],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[48,84890,84892],{"className":50,"code":84891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84893,84894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84895,84896,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84897,102],{"class":101},[57,84899,105],{"class":71},[57,84901,84655],{"class":101},[57,84903,105],{"class":71},[57,84905,2595],{"class":75},[57,84907,79],{"class":71},[57,84909,1793],{"class":75},[57,84911,79],{"class":71},[57,84913,652],{"class":75},[57,84915,79],{"class":71},[57,84917,5729],{"class":75},[57,84919,117],{"class":71},[20,84921,216],{},[48,84923,84924],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,84925,84926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84927,84928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84929,47141],{"class":75},[943,84931,84933],{"id":84932},"miniterable-key",[15,84934,84935],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84937,1806,84938,84940],{},[15,84939,432],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[48,84942,84944],{"className":50,"code":84943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84945,84946,84978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,84947,84948,84950,84952,84954,84956,84958,84960,84962,84964,84966,84968,84970,84972,84974,84976],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,84949,162],{"class":63},[57,84951,68],{"class":67},[57,84953,72],{"class":71},[57,84955,170],{"class":169},[57,84957,193],{"class":173},[57,84959,170],{"class":169},[57,84961,79],{"class":71},[57,84963,181],{"class":169},[57,84965,38570],{"class":173},[57,84967,170],{"class":169},[57,84969,79],{"class":71},[57,84971,181],{"class":169},[57,84973,184],{"class":173},[57,84975,170],{"class":169},[57,84977,95],{"class":71},[57,84979,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,84981,102],{"class":101},[57,84983,105],{"class":71},[57,84985,84655],{"class":101},[57,84987,105],{"class":71},[57,84989,211],{"class":113},[57,84991,79],{"class":71},[57,84993,335],{"class":334},[57,84995,68],{"class":67},[57,84997,1007],{"class":101},[57,84999,117],{"class":71},[20,85001,216],{},[48,85003,85005],{"className":50,"code":85004,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"kiwi\n",[15,85006,85007],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85008,85009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85010,85004],{"class":63},[20,85012,85013],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85015,85016,85017,85019,85020,620],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85018,1033],{},", see the ",[614,85021,85022,2144],{"href":1037},[15,85023,1033],{},[943,85025,85027],{"id":85026},"miniterable-default",[15,85028,85029],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85031,1806,85032,85034],{},[15,85033,438],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[48,85036,85038],{"className":50,"code":85037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85039,85040,85048],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85041,85042,85044,85046],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85043,64],{"class":63},[57,85045,68],{"class":67},[57,85047,1273],{"class":71},[57,85049,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85051,102],{"class":101},[57,85053,105],{"class":71},[57,85055,84655],{"class":101},[57,85057,105],{"class":71},[57,85059,114],{"class":113},[57,85061,79],{"class":71},[57,85063,359],{"class":334},[57,85065,68],{"class":67},[57,85067,1294],{"class":75},[57,85069,117],{"class":71},[20,85071,216],{},[48,85073,85074],{"className":50,"code":1301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85075,85076],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85077,85078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85079,1301],{"class":75},[20,85081,85082,85083,85085],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85084,1420],{}," when there is no item to return.",[43,85087,443,85089,85091],{"id":85088},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85090,1825],{}," with numbers",[20,85093,85094,85096],{},[15,85095,1825],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[48,85098,85100],{"className":50,"code":85099,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85101,85102,85127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85103,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85105,459],{"class":63},[57,85107,68],{"class":67},[57,85109,72],{"class":71},[57,85111,51726],{"class":75},[57,85113,79],{"class":71},[57,85115,85116],{"class":75}," 72",[57,85118,79],{"class":71},[57,85120,29137],{"class":75},[57,85122,79],{"class":71},[57,85124,76308],{"class":75},[57,85126,95],{"class":71},[57,85128,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85130,102],{"class":101},[57,85132,105],{"class":71},[57,85134,84655],{"class":101},[57,85136,105],{"class":71},[57,85138,498],{"class":113},[57,85140,117],{"class":71},[20,85142,216],{},[48,85144,85146],{"className":50,"code":85145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"60\n",[15,85147,85148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85149,85150],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85151,85145],{"class":75},[20,85153,85154],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[48,85156,85158],{"className":50,"code":85157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85159,85160,85181],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85161,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85175,85177,85179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85163,556],{"class":63},[57,85165,68],{"class":67},[57,85167,72],{"class":71},[57,85169,563],{"class":75},[57,85171,79],{"class":71},[57,85173,85174],{"class":75}," 5.49",[57,85176,79],{"class":71},[57,85178,573],{"class":75},[57,85180,95],{"class":71},[57,85182,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85184,102],{"class":101},[57,85186,105],{"class":71},[57,85188,84655],{"class":101},[57,85190,105],{"class":71},[57,85192,593],{"class":113},[57,85194,117],{"class":71},[20,85196,216],{},[48,85198,85200],{"className":50,"code":85199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5.49\n",[15,85201,85202],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85203,85204],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85205,85199],{"class":75},[20,85207,85208],{},"This is useful for things like:",[30,85210,85211,85213,85215,85218],{},[33,85212,498],{},[33,85214,593],{},[33,85216,85217],{},"measurements",[33,85219,85220],{},"ages",[43,85222,443,85224,771],{"id":85223},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85225,1825],{},[20,85227,85228,85230],{},[15,85229,1825],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[48,85232,85234],{"className":50,"code":85233,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85235,85236,85268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85237,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258,85260,85262,85264,85266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85239,162],{"class":63},[57,85241,68],{"class":67},[57,85243,72],{"class":71},[57,85245,170],{"class":169},[57,85247,184],{"class":173},[57,85249,170],{"class":169},[57,85251,79],{"class":71},[57,85253,181],{"class":169},[57,85255,174],{"class":173},[57,85257,170],{"class":169},[57,85259,79],{"class":71},[57,85261,181],{"class":169},[57,85263,4329],{"class":173},[57,85265,170],{"class":169},[57,85267,95],{"class":71},[57,85269,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85271,102],{"class":101},[57,85273,105],{"class":71},[57,85275,84655],{"class":101},[57,85277,105],{"class":71},[57,85279,211],{"class":113},[57,85281,117],{"class":71},[20,85283,216],{},[48,85285,85287],{"className":50,"code":85286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple\n",[15,85288,85289],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85290,85291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85292,85286],{"class":63},[20,85294,85295],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[48,85297,85299],{"className":50,"code":85298,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85300,85301,85333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85302,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85304,162],{"class":63},[57,85306,68],{"class":67},[57,85308,72],{"class":71},[57,85310,170],{"class":169},[57,85312,184],{"class":173},[57,85314,170],{"class":169},[57,85316,79],{"class":71},[57,85318,181],{"class":169},[57,85320,57988],{"class":173},[57,85322,170],{"class":169},[57,85324,79],{"class":71},[57,85326,181],{"class":169},[57,85328,4329],{"class":173},[57,85330,170],{"class":169},[57,85332,95],{"class":71},[57,85334,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85336,102],{"class":101},[57,85338,105],{"class":71},[57,85340,84655],{"class":101},[57,85342,105],{"class":71},[57,85344,211],{"class":113},[57,85346,117],{"class":71},[20,85348,216],{},[48,85350,85352],{"className":50,"code":85351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\n",[15,85353,85354],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85355,85356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85357,85351],{"class":63},[20,85359,85360],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85362,85363,85364,620],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[614,85365,85366,1040],{"href":616},[15,85367,619],{},[43,85369,443,85371,85373],{"id":85370},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85372,1825],{}," with a key function",[20,85375,935,85376,85378],{},[15,85377,432],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85380,11686],{},[30,85382,85383,85388,85393],{},[33,85384,85385,85387],{},[15,85386,432],{}," changes the comparison rule",[33,85389,85390,85392],{},[15,85391,1825],{}," still returns the original item",[33,85394,85395],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[943,85397,85399],{"id":85398},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[48,85401,85403],{"className":50,"code":85402,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85404,85405,85438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85406,85407,85409,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425,85427,85429,85431,85434,85436],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85408,162],{"class":63},[57,85410,68],{"class":67},[57,85412,72],{"class":71},[57,85414,170],{"class":169},[57,85416,973],{"class":173},[57,85418,170],{"class":169},[57,85420,79],{"class":71},[57,85422,181],{"class":169},[57,85424,964],{"class":173},[57,85426,170],{"class":169},[57,85428,79],{"class":71},[57,85430,181],{"class":169},[57,85432,85433],{"class":173},"giraffe",[57,85435,170],{"class":169},[57,85437,95],{"class":71},[57,85439,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85441,102],{"class":101},[57,85443,105],{"class":71},[57,85445,84655],{"class":101},[57,85447,105],{"class":71},[57,85449,211],{"class":113},[57,85451,79],{"class":71},[57,85453,335],{"class":334},[57,85455,68],{"class":67},[57,85457,1007],{"class":101},[57,85459,117],{"class":71},[20,85461,216],{},[48,85463,85465],{"className":50,"code":85464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cat\n",[15,85466,85467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85468,85469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85470,85464],{"class":63},[943,85472,85474],{"id":85473},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[48,85476,85478],{"className":50,"code":85477,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85479,85480,85490,85525,85557,85589,85593,85597,85636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85481,85482,85485,85487],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85483,85484],{"class":63},"students ",[57,85486,68],{"class":67},[57,85488,85489],{"class":71}," [\n",[57,85491,85492,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85516,85518,85520,85522],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85493,85494],{"class":71},"    {",[57,85496,170],{"class":169},[57,85498,7898],{"class":173},[57,85500,170],{"class":169},[57,85502,270],{"class":71},[57,85504,181],{"class":169},[57,85506,13110],{"class":173},[57,85508,170],{"class":169},[57,85510,79],{"class":71},[57,85512,181],{"class":169},[57,85514,85515],{"class":173},"score",[57,85517,170],{"class":169},[57,85519,270],{"class":71},[57,85521,476],{"class":75},[57,85523,85524],{"class":71},"},\n",[57,85526,85527,85529,85531,85533,85535,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,85528,85494],{"class":71},[57,85530,170],{"class":169},[57,85532,7898],{"class":173},[57,85534,170],{"class":169},[57,85536,270],{"class":71},[57,85538,181],{"class":169},[57,85540,36172],{"class":173},[57,85542,170],{"class":169},[57,85544,79],{"class":71},[57,85546,181],{"class":169},[57,85548,85515],{"class":173},[57,85550,170],{"class":169},[57,85552,270],{"class":71},[57,85554,85116],{"class":75},[57,85556,85524],{"class":71},[57,85558,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,85560,85494],{"class":71},[57,85562,170],{"class":169},[57,85564,7898],{"class":173},[57,85566,170],{"class":169},[57,85568,270],{"class":71},[57,85570,181],{"class":169},[57,85572,36181],{"class":173},[57,85574,170],{"class":169},[57,85576,79],{"class":71},[57,85578,181],{"class":169},[57,85580,85515],{"class":173},[57,85582,170],{"class":169},[57,85584,270],{"class":71},[57,85586,20130],{"class":75},[57,85588,9536],{"class":71},[57,85590,85591],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,85592,95],{"class":71},[57,85594,85595],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,85596,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,85598,85599,85602,85604,85607,85609,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,85600,85601],{"class":63},"lowest ",[57,85603,68],{"class":67},[57,85605,85606],{"class":101}," min",[57,85608,105],{"class":71},[57,85610,85611],{"class":113},"students",[57,85613,79],{"class":71},[57,85615,335],{"class":334},[57,85617,68],{"class":67},[57,85619,1137],{"class":1208},[57,85621,13136],{"class":1211},[57,85623,270],{"class":71},[57,85625,13136],{"class":113},[57,85627,1785],{"class":71},[57,85629,170],{"class":169},[57,85631,85515],{"class":173},[57,85633,170],{"class":169},[57,85635,1975],{"class":71},[57,85637,85638,85640,85642,85645],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,85639,102],{"class":101},[57,85641,105],{"class":71},[57,85643,85644],{"class":113},"lowest",[57,85646,316],{"class":71},[20,85648,216],{},[48,85650,85652],{"className":50,"code":85651,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85653,85654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85655,85656,85658,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85657,9505],{"class":71},[57,85659,3543],{"class":169},[57,85661,7898],{"class":173},[57,85663,3543],{"class":169},[57,85665,270],{"class":71},[57,85667,3538],{"class":169},[57,85669,36172],{"class":173},[57,85671,3543],{"class":169},[57,85673,79],{"class":71},[57,85675,3538],{"class":169},[57,85677,85515],{"class":173},[57,85679,3543],{"class":169},[57,85681,270],{"class":71},[57,85683,85116],{"class":75},[57,85685,9536],{"class":71},[20,85687,85688,85689,85692],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85690,85691],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[43,85694,443,85696,85698],{"id":85695},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85697,438],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85700,85701],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[48,85703,85705],{"className":50,"code":85704,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85706,85707,85715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85708,85709,85711,85713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85710,64],{"class":63},[57,85712,68],{"class":67},[57,85714,1273],{"class":71},[57,85716,85717,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85718,102],{"class":101},[57,85720,105],{"class":71},[57,85722,84655],{"class":101},[57,85724,105],{"class":71},[57,85726,114],{"class":113},[57,85728,117],{"class":71},[20,85730,216],{},[48,85732,85734],{"className":50,"code":85733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85735,85736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85737,85738,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85739,1420],{"class":1102},[57,85741,270],{"class":71},[57,85743,85606],{"class":101},[57,85745,1475],{"class":71},[57,85747,1478],{"class":63},[57,85749,1481],{"class":67},[57,85751,1484],{"class":63},[20,85753,85754,85755,270],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85756,438],{},[48,85758,85760],{"className":50,"code":85759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85761,85762,85770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85763,85764,85766,85768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85765,64],{"class":63},[57,85767,68],{"class":67},[57,85769,1273],{"class":71},[57,85771,85772,85774,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85773,102],{"class":101},[57,85775,105],{"class":71},[57,85777,84655],{"class":101},[57,85779,105],{"class":71},[57,85781,114],{"class":113},[57,85783,79],{"class":71},[57,85785,359],{"class":334},[57,85787,68],{"class":67},[57,85789,1524],{"class":1523},[57,85791,117],{"class":71},[20,85793,216],{},[48,85795,85796],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,85797,85798],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85799,85800],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85801,12037],{"class":1523},[20,85803,85804],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85806,85807],{},"Remember:",[30,85809,85810,85818],{},[33,85811,85812,85814,85815,85817],{},[15,85813,438],{}," works only when ",[15,85816,1825],{}," gets one iterable argument",[33,85819,85820,85821],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85822,85823],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85825,85826,85827,620],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[614,85828,1533],{"href":1532},[43,85830,10972],{"id":10971},[20,85832,56995,85833,620],{},[15,85834,1825],{},[943,85836,85838,85839],{"id":85837},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85840,438],{},[20,85842,1674,85843,270],{},[15,85844,1420],{},[48,85846,85848],{"className":50,"code":85847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85849,85850,85858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85851,85852,85854,85856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85853,1147],{"class":63},[57,85855,68],{"class":67},[57,85857,1273],{"class":71},[57,85859,85860,85862,85864,85866,85868,85870],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85861,102],{"class":101},[57,85863,105],{"class":71},[57,85865,84655],{"class":101},[57,85867,105],{"class":71},[57,85869,1199],{"class":113},[57,85871,117],{"class":71},[20,85873,85874],{},"Fix it by:",[30,85876,85877,85880],{},[33,85878,85879],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[33,85881,85882,85883],{},"or using ",[15,85884,438],{},[48,85886,85888],{"className":50,"code":85887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85889,85890,85898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85891,85892,85894,85896],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85893,1147],{"class":63},[57,85895,68],{"class":67},[57,85897,1273],{"class":71},[57,85899,85900,85902,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85921,85923],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85901,102],{"class":101},[57,85903,105],{"class":71},[57,85905,84655],{"class":101},[57,85907,105],{"class":71},[57,85909,1199],{"class":113},[57,85911,79],{"class":71},[57,85913,359],{"class":334},[57,85915,68],{"class":67},[57,85917,170],{"class":169},[57,85919,85920],{"class":173},"no items",[57,85922,170],{"class":169},[57,85924,117],{"class":71},[943,85926,85928],{"id":85927},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85930,85931],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[48,85933,85935],{"className":50,"code":85934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85936,85937,85961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85938,85939,85941,85943,85945,85947,85949,85951,85953,85955,85957,85959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85940,9393],{"class":63},[57,85942,68],{"class":67},[57,85944,72],{"class":71},[57,85946,1561],{"class":75},[57,85948,79],{"class":71},[57,85950,181],{"class":169},[57,85952,1568],{"class":173},[57,85954,170],{"class":169},[57,85956,79],{"class":71},[57,85958,92],{"class":75},[57,85960,95],{"class":71},[57,85962,85963,85965,85967,85969,85971,85973],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,85964,102],{"class":101},[57,85966,105],{"class":71},[57,85968,84655],{"class":101},[57,85970,105],{"class":71},[57,85972,9431],{"class":113},[57,85974,117],{"class":71},[20,85976,216],{},[48,85978,85980],{"className":50,"code":85979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError\n",[15,85981,85982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,85983,85984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,85985,85979],{"class":1102},[20,85987,85988],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85990,85991,85992,620],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85993,1825],{},[48,85995,85997],{"className":50,"code":85996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85998,85999,86023,86049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86000,86001,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86002,9393],{"class":63},[57,86004,68],{"class":67},[57,86006,72],{"class":71},[57,86008,1561],{"class":75},[57,86010,79],{"class":71},[57,86012,181],{"class":169},[57,86014,1568],{"class":173},[57,86016,170],{"class":169},[57,86018,79],{"class":71},[57,86020,92],{"class":75},[57,86022,95],{"class":71},[57,86024,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,86026,64],{"class":63},[57,86028,68],{"class":67},[57,86030,72],{"class":71},[57,86032,2440],{"class":1102},[57,86034,105],{"class":71},[57,86036,1956],{"class":113},[57,86038,1959],{"class":71},[57,86040,1963],{"class":1962},[57,86042,1966],{"class":63},[57,86044,1969],{"class":1962},[57,86046,14797],{"class":63},[57,86048,95],{"class":71},[57,86050,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,86052,102],{"class":101},[57,86054,105],{"class":71},[57,86056,84655],{"class":101},[57,86058,105],{"class":71},[57,86060,114],{"class":113},[57,86062,117],{"class":71},[20,86064,216],{},[48,86066,86067],{"className":50,"code":3190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86068,86069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86070,86071],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86072,3190],{"class":75},[20,86074,86075,86076,620],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86077,1539],{},[943,86079,86081],{"id":86080},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86083,86084],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[48,86086,86088],{"className":50,"code":86087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86089,86090,86122],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86091,86092,86094,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86093,162],{"class":63},[57,86095,68],{"class":67},[57,86097,72],{"class":71},[57,86099,170],{"class":169},[57,86101,79764],{"class":173},[57,86103,170],{"class":169},[57,86105,79],{"class":71},[57,86107,181],{"class":169},[57,86109,57988],{"class":173},[57,86111,170],{"class":169},[57,86113,79],{"class":71},[57,86115,181],{"class":169},[57,86117,79781],{"class":173},[57,86119,170],{"class":169},[57,86121,95],{"class":71},[57,86123,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,86125,102],{"class":101},[57,86127,105],{"class":71},[57,86129,84655],{"class":101},[57,86131,105],{"class":71},[57,86133,211],{"class":113},[57,86135,117],{"class":71},[20,86137,216],{},[48,86139,86140],{"className":50,"code":85351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86141,86142],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86143,86144],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86145,85351],{"class":63},[20,86147,86148],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[48,86150,86152],{"className":50,"code":86151,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86153,86154,86186],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86155,86156,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86157,162],{"class":63},[57,86159,68],{"class":67},[57,86161,72],{"class":71},[57,86163,170],{"class":169},[57,86165,79764],{"class":173},[57,86167,170],{"class":169},[57,86169,79],{"class":71},[57,86171,181],{"class":169},[57,86173,57988],{"class":173},[57,86175,170],{"class":169},[57,86177,79],{"class":71},[57,86179,181],{"class":169},[57,86181,79781],{"class":173},[57,86183,170],{"class":169},[57,86185,95],{"class":71},[57,86187,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,86189,102],{"class":101},[57,86191,105],{"class":71},[57,86193,84655],{"class":101},[57,86195,105],{"class":71},[57,86197,211],{"class":113},[57,86199,79],{"class":71},[57,86201,335],{"class":334},[57,86203,68],{"class":67},[57,86205,1103],{"class":1102},[57,86207,620],{"class":71},[57,86209,1109],{"class":1108},[57,86211,117],{"class":71},[20,86213,216],{},[48,86215,86216],{"className":50,"code":85351,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,86217,86218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86219,86220],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86221,85351],{"class":63},[20,86223,86224],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[43,86226,5194,86228],{"id":86227},"when-to-use-min",[15,86229,1825],{},[20,86231,1806,86232,10828],{},[15,86233,1825],{},[30,86235,86236,86239,86244],{},[33,86237,86238],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[33,86240,86241,86242],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86243,432],{},[33,86245,86246],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86248,1806,86249,86253],{},[614,86250,86251],{"href":616},[15,86252,619],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86255,1806,86256,86261],{},[614,86257,86259],{"href":86258},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86260,17],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[43,86263,1829],{"id":1828},[20,86265,1832],{},[30,86267,86268,86276,86279,86284,86291],{},[33,86269,86270,86271,86273,86274],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86272,1825],{}," without using ",[15,86275,438],{},[33,86277,86278],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[33,86280,1848,86281,86283],{},[15,86282,1825],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[33,86285,4936,86286,86288,86289,85392],{},[15,86287,432],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86290,1825],{},[33,86292,443,86293,86295],{},[15,86294,438],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86297,86298,86299,86301],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86300,1825],{},", these quick checks can help:",[48,86303,86305],{"className":50,"code":86304,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86306,86307,86321,86331,86345,86359,86381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86308,86309,86311,86313,86315,86317,86319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86310,102],{"class":101},[57,86312,105],{"class":71},[57,86314,1886],{"class":1102},[57,86316,105],{"class":71},[57,86318,9431],{"class":113},[57,86320,117],{"class":71},[57,86322,86323,86325,86327,86329],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,86324,102],{"class":101},[57,86326,105],{"class":71},[57,86328,9431],{"class":113},[57,86330,316],{"class":71},[57,86332,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,86334,102],{"class":101},[57,86336,105],{"class":71},[57,86338,1007],{"class":101},[57,86340,105],{"class":71},[57,86342,9431],{"class":113},[57,86344,117],{"class":71},[57,86346,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,86348,102],{"class":101},[57,86350,105],{"class":71},[57,86352,84655],{"class":101},[57,86354,105],{"class":71},[57,86356,9431],{"class":113},[57,86358,117],{"class":71},[57,86360,86361,86363,86365,86367,86369,86371,86373,86375,86377,86379],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,86362,102],{"class":101},[57,86364,105],{"class":71},[57,86366,84655],{"class":101},[57,86368,105],{"class":71},[57,86370,9431],{"class":113},[57,86372,79],{"class":71},[57,86374,359],{"class":334},[57,86376,68],{"class":67},[57,86378,1524],{"class":1523},[57,86380,117],{"class":71},[57,86382,86383,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395,86397,86399,86401],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,86384,102],{"class":101},[57,86386,105],{"class":71},[57,86388,84655],{"class":101},[57,86390,105],{"class":71},[57,86392,211],{"class":113},[57,86394,79],{"class":71},[57,86396,335],{"class":334},[57,86398,68],{"class":67},[57,86400,1007],{"class":101},[57,86402,117],{"class":71},[20,86404,86405,86406,86409,86410,86412],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86407,86408],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86411,9431],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[43,86414,2011],{"id":2010},[943,86416,2015,86418,2018],{"id":86417},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86419,1825],{},[20,86421,86422],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[943,86424,2025,86426,2028],{"id":86425},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86427,1825],{},[20,86429,86430],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[943,86432,2035],{"id":2034},[20,86434,86435,2040,86437,2043,86439,36852],{},[15,86436,1825],{},[15,86438,1420],{},[15,86440,438],{},[943,86442,2015,86444,86446,86447,2053],{"id":86443},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86445,432],{}," do in ",[15,86448,1825],{},[20,86450,86451,86453,86454,86456],{},[15,86452,432],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86455,1026],{}," compares strings by length.",[943,86458,2119,86460,1242,86462,2053],{"id":86459},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86461,1825],{},[15,86463,619],{},[20,86465,86466,86468,86469,86471],{},[15,86467,1825],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86470,619],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[43,86473,2135],{"id":2134},[30,86475,86476,86482,86488,86494,86498,86502],{},[33,86477,86478],{},[614,86479,86480,2144],{"href":86258},[15,86481,17],{},[33,86483,86484],{},[614,86485,86486,2144],{"href":616},[15,86487,619],{},[33,86489,86490],{},[614,86491,86492,2144],{"href":1037},[15,86493,1033],{},[33,86495,86496],{},[614,86497,80076],{"href":78584},[33,86499,86500],{},[614,86501,2162],{"href":2161},[33,86503,86504],{},[614,86505,1533],{"href":1532},[2172,86507,86508],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":86510},[86511,86512,86514,86520,86522,86524,86529,86531,86537,86539,86540,86551],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":84714,"depth":98,"text":86513},"What min() does",{"id":84735,"depth":98,"text":84736,"children":86515},[86516,86517,86518,86519],{"id":84820,"depth":120,"text":84823},{"id":84882,"depth":120,"text":84885},{"id":84932,"depth":120,"text":84935},{"id":85026,"depth":120,"text":85029},{"id":85088,"depth":98,"text":86521},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85223,"depth":98,"text":86523},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85370,"depth":98,"text":86525,"children":86526},"Using min() with a key function",[86527,86528],{"id":85398,"depth":120,"text":85399},{"id":85473,"depth":120,"text":85474},{"id":85695,"depth":98,"text":86530},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10971,"depth":98,"text":10972,"children":86532},[86533,86535,86536],{"id":85837,"depth":120,"text":86534},"Empty list without default",{"id":85927,"depth":120,"text":85928},{"id":86080,"depth":120,"text":86081},{"id":86227,"depth":98,"text":86538},"When to use min()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":86541},[86542,86544,86546,86547,86549],{"id":86417,"depth":120,"text":86543},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86425,"depth":120,"text":86545},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":2034,"depth":120,"text":2035},{"id":86443,"depth":120,"text":86548},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86459,"depth":120,"text":86550},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84597,"description":86552},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86559,"title":86560,"body":86561,"description":88740,"extension":2219,"meta":88741,"navigation":123,"path":88742,"seo":88743,"stem":88744,"__hash__":88745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86562,"toc":88704},[86563,86566,86572,86578,86580,86661,86670,86674,86679,86681,86726,86728,86808,86814,86816,86819,86851,86853,86871,86873,86946,86948,86967,86971,86974,87010,87012,87079,87153,87226,87231,87235,87241,87244,87261,87264,87266,87327,87329,87349,87355,87359,87362,87432,87435,87454,87459,87535,87538,87542,87548,87552,87557,87627,87631,87636,87710,87714,87717,87792,87803,87807,87812,87902,87907,87975,87978,87997,88008,88012,88015,88020,88023,88085,88088,88099,88104,88107,88110,88115,88118,88121,88125,88128,88134,88137,88148,88150,88212,88227,88233,88236,88239,88250,88261,88267,88270,88272,88334,88344,88350,88355,88361,88365,88371,88374,88395,88397,88402,88429,88432,88459,88462,88501,88504,88542,88545,88606,88609,88611,88615,88618,88622,88628,88636,88644,88648,88651,88655,88661,88663,88701],[10,86564,86560],{"id":86565},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86567,86568,86571],{},[15,86569,86570],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86573,86574,86575,86577],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86576,86570],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[43,86579,46],{"id":45},[48,86581,86583],{"className":50,"code":86582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86584,86585,86634,86650],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86586,86587,86590,86593,86595,86597,86600,86602,86604,86606,86608,86610,86612,86615,86617,86619,86622,86624,86626,86628,86632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86588,86589],{"class":1962},"with",[57,86591,86592],{"class":101}," open",[57,86594,105],{"class":71},[57,86596,170],{"class":169},[57,86598,86599],{"class":173},"example.txt",[57,86601,170],{"class":169},[57,86603,79],{"class":71},[57,86605,181],{"class":169},[57,86607,60723],{"class":173},[57,86609,170],{"class":169},[57,86611,79],{"class":71},[57,86613,86614],{"class":334}," encoding",[57,86616,68],{"class":67},[57,86618,170],{"class":169},[57,86620,86621],{"class":173},"utf-8",[57,86623,170],{"class":169},[57,86625,1959],{"class":71},[57,86627,47580],{"class":1962},[57,86629,86631],{"class":86630},"sMMDD"," file",[57,86633,6623],{"class":71},[57,86635,86636,86639,86641,86643,86645,86648],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,86637,86638],{"class":63},"    content ",[57,86640,68],{"class":67},[57,86642,86631],{"class":86630},[57,86644,620],{"class":71},[57,86646,86647],{"class":113},"read",[57,86649,8870],{"class":71},[57,86651,86652,86654,86656,86659],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,86653,8296],{"class":101},[57,86655,105],{"class":71},[57,86657,86658],{"class":113},"content",[57,86660,316],{"class":71},[20,86662,1806,86663,86665,86666,86669],{},[15,86664,86589],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86667,86668],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[43,86671,86673],{"id":86672},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86675,86676,86678],{},[15,86677,86570],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86680,11686],{},[30,86682,86683,86686,86691,86696],{},[33,86684,86685],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[33,86687,1397,86688,86690],{},[1399,86689,1401],{}," read or write anything by itself",[33,86692,17652,86693],{},[1399,86694,86695],{},"file object",[33,86697,86698,86699],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[30,86700,86701,86706,86711,86716,86721],{},[33,86702,86703],{},[15,86704,86705],{},"read()",[33,86707,86708],{},[15,86709,86710],{},"readline()",[33,86712,86713],{},[15,86714,86715],{},"readlines()",[33,86717,86718],{},[15,86719,86720],{},"write()",[33,86722,86723],{},[15,86724,86725],{},"close()",[20,86727,864],{},[48,86729,86731],{"className":50,"code":86730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86732,86733,86772,86787,86797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86734,86735,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86736,86737],{"class":86630},"file",[57,86739,13507],{"class":67},[57,86741,86592],{"class":101},[57,86743,105],{"class":71},[57,86745,170],{"class":169},[57,86747,86599],{"class":173},[57,86749,170],{"class":169},[57,86751,79],{"class":71},[57,86753,181],{"class":169},[57,86755,60723],{"class":173},[57,86757,170],{"class":169},[57,86759,79],{"class":71},[57,86761,86614],{"class":334},[57,86763,68],{"class":67},[57,86765,170],{"class":169},[57,86767,86621],{"class":173},[57,86769,170],{"class":169},[57,86771,316],{"class":71},[57,86773,86774,86777,86779,86781,86783,86785],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,86775,86776],{"class":63},"content ",[57,86778,68],{"class":67},[57,86780,86631],{"class":86630},[57,86782,620],{"class":71},[57,86784,86647],{"class":113},[57,86786,8870],{"class":71},[57,86788,86789,86791,86793,86795],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,86790,102],{"class":101},[57,86792,105],{"class":71},[57,86794,86658],{"class":113},[57,86796,316],{"class":71},[57,86798,86799,86801,86803,86806],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,86800,86737],{"class":86630},[57,86802,620],{"class":71},[57,86804,86805],{"class":113},"close",[57,86807,8870],{"class":71},[20,86809,86810,86811,86813],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86812,86589],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[43,86815,294],{"id":293},[20,86817,86818],{},"A common form is:",[48,86820,86822],{"className":50,"code":86821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86823,86824],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86825,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86827,42652],{"class":101},[57,86829,105],{"class":71},[57,86831,86737],{"class":86630},[57,86833,79],{"class":71},[57,86835,86836],{"class":113}," mode",[57,86838,79],{"class":71},[57,86840,86614],{"class":334},[57,86842,68],{"class":67},[57,86844,170],{"class":169},[57,86846,86621],{"class":173},[57,86848,170],{"class":169},[57,86850,316],{"class":71},[20,86852,65264],{},[30,86854,86855,86860,86865],{},[33,86856,86857,86859],{},[15,86858,86737],{}," is the file name or file path",[33,86861,86862,86864],{},[15,86863,21149],{}," controls how the file is opened",[33,86866,86867,86870],{},[15,86868,86869],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86872,864],{},[48,86874,86876],{"className":50,"code":86875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86877,86878,86921,86936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,86879,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,86881,86589],{"class":1962},[57,86883,86592],{"class":101},[57,86885,105],{"class":71},[57,86887,170],{"class":169},[57,86889,86890],{"class":173},"notes.txt",[57,86892,170],{"class":169},[57,86894,79],{"class":71},[57,86896,181],{"class":169},[57,86898,60723],{"class":173},[57,86900,170],{"class":169},[57,86902,79],{"class":71},[57,86904,86614],{"class":334},[57,86906,68],{"class":67},[57,86908,170],{"class":169},[57,86910,86621],{"class":173},[57,86912,170],{"class":169},[57,86914,1959],{"class":71},[57,86916,47580],{"class":1962},[57,86918,86631],{"class":86630},[57,86920,6623],{"class":71},[57,86922,86923,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,86924,86925],{"class":63},"    text ",[57,86927,68],{"class":67},[57,86929,86631],{"class":86630},[57,86931,620],{"class":71},[57,86933,86647],{"class":113},[57,86935,8870],{"class":71},[57,86937,86938,86940,86942,86944],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,86939,8296],{"class":101},[57,86941,105],{"class":71},[57,86943,1222],{"class":113},[57,86945,316],{"class":71},[20,86947,238],{},[30,86949,86950,86956,86961],{},[33,86951,86952,86955],{},[15,86953,86954],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[33,86957,86958,86960],{},[15,86959,86668],{}," means open for reading",[33,86962,86963,86966],{},[15,86964,86965],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[43,86968,86970],{"id":86969},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86972,86973],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[30,86975,86976,86981,86987,86992,86998,87004],{},[33,86977,86978,86980],{},[15,86979,86668],{}," = read a text file",[33,86982,86983,86986],{},[15,86984,86985],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[33,86988,86989,86991],{},[15,86990,18327],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[33,86993,86994,86997],{},[15,86995,86996],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[33,86999,87000,87003],{},[15,87001,87002],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[33,87005,87006,87009],{},[15,87007,87008],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87011,2378],{},[48,87013,87015],{"className":50,"code":87014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87016,87017,87022,87065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87018,87019],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87020,87021],{"class":3903},"# Read a text file\n",[57,87023,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051,87053,87055,87057,87059,87061,87063],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87025,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87027,86592],{"class":101},[57,87029,105],{"class":71},[57,87031,170],{"class":169},[57,87033,87034],{"class":173},"data.txt",[57,87036,170],{"class":169},[57,87038,79],{"class":71},[57,87040,181],{"class":169},[57,87042,60723],{"class":173},[57,87044,170],{"class":169},[57,87046,79],{"class":71},[57,87048,86614],{"class":334},[57,87050,68],{"class":67},[57,87052,170],{"class":169},[57,87054,86621],{"class":173},[57,87056,170],{"class":169},[57,87058,1959],{"class":71},[57,87060,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87062,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87064,6623],{"class":71},[57,87066,87067,87069,87071,87073,87075,87077],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87068,8296],{"class":101},[57,87070,105],{"class":71},[57,87072,86737],{"class":86630},[57,87074,620],{"class":71},[57,87076,86647],{"class":113},[57,87078,1671],{"class":71},[48,87080,87082],{"className":50,"code":87081,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87083,87084,87089,87131],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87085,87086],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87087,87088],{"class":3903},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[57,87090,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87092,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87094,86592],{"class":101},[57,87096,105],{"class":71},[57,87098,170],{"class":169},[57,87100,87034],{"class":173},[57,87102,170],{"class":169},[57,87104,79],{"class":71},[57,87106,181],{"class":169},[57,87108,60706],{"class":173},[57,87110,170],{"class":169},[57,87112,79],{"class":71},[57,87114,86614],{"class":334},[57,87116,68],{"class":67},[57,87118,170],{"class":169},[57,87120,86621],{"class":173},[57,87122,170],{"class":169},[57,87124,1959],{"class":71},[57,87126,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87128,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87130,6623],{"class":71},[57,87132,87133,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87149,87151],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87134,87135],{"class":86630},"    file",[57,87137,620],{"class":71},[57,87139,70409],{"class":113},[57,87141,105],{"class":71},[57,87143,170],{"class":169},[57,87145,35097],{"class":173},[57,87147,87148],{"class":34683},"\\n",[57,87150,170],{"class":169},[57,87152,316],{"class":71},[48,87154,87156],{"className":50,"code":87155,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87157,87158,87163,87205],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87159,87160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87161,87162],{"class":3903},"# Append to a text file\n",[57,87164,87165,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87166,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87168,86592],{"class":101},[57,87170,105],{"class":71},[57,87172,170],{"class":169},[57,87174,87034],{"class":173},[57,87176,170],{"class":169},[57,87178,79],{"class":71},[57,87180,181],{"class":169},[57,87182,614],{"class":173},[57,87184,170],{"class":169},[57,87186,79],{"class":71},[57,87188,86614],{"class":334},[57,87190,68],{"class":67},[57,87192,170],{"class":169},[57,87194,86621],{"class":173},[57,87196,170],{"class":169},[57,87198,1959],{"class":71},[57,87200,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87202,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87204,6623],{"class":71},[57,87206,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87220,87222,87224],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87208,87135],{"class":86630},[57,87210,620],{"class":71},[57,87212,70409],{"class":113},[57,87214,105],{"class":71},[57,87216,170],{"class":169},[57,87218,87219],{"class":173},"Another line",[57,87221,87148],{"class":34683},[57,87223,170],{"class":169},[57,87225,316],{"class":71},[20,87227,2000,87228,87230],{},[15,87229,86985],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[43,87232,87234],{"id":87233},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87236,87237,22205,87239,620],{},[15,87238,86570],{},[1399,87240,86695],{},[20,87242,87243],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[30,87245,87246,87251,87256],{},[33,87247,87248],{},[15,87249,87250],{},"file.read()",[33,87252,87253],{},[15,87254,87255],{},"file.write()",[33,87257,87258],{},[15,87259,87260],{},"file.close()",[20,87262,87263],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87265,864],{},[48,87267,87269],{"className":50,"code":87268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87270,87271,87313],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87272,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301,87303,87305,87307,87309,87311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87274,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87276,86592],{"class":101},[57,87278,105],{"class":71},[57,87280,170],{"class":169},[57,87282,86599],{"class":173},[57,87284,170],{"class":169},[57,87286,79],{"class":71},[57,87288,181],{"class":169},[57,87290,60723],{"class":173},[57,87292,170],{"class":169},[57,87294,79],{"class":71},[57,87296,86614],{"class":334},[57,87298,68],{"class":67},[57,87300,170],{"class":169},[57,87302,86621],{"class":173},[57,87304,170],{"class":169},[57,87306,1959],{"class":71},[57,87308,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87310,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87312,6623],{"class":71},[57,87314,87315,87317,87319,87321,87323,87325],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87316,8296],{"class":101},[57,87318,105],{"class":71},[57,87320,1886],{"class":1102},[57,87322,105],{"class":71},[57,87324,86737],{"class":86630},[57,87326,117],{"class":71},[20,87328,30259],{},[48,87330,87332],{"className":50,"code":87331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87333,87334],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87335,87336,87338,87340,87342,87345,87347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87337,3532],{"class":67},[57,87339,3535],{"class":1208},[57,87341,3538],{"class":169},[57,87343,87344],{"class":173},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[57,87346,3543],{"class":169},[57,87348,3546],{"class":67},[20,87350,87351,87352,87354],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87353,86570],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[43,87356,87358],{"id":87357},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87360,87361],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[48,87363,87364],{"className":50,"code":86582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,87365,87366,87408,87422],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87367,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87404,87406],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87369,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87371,86592],{"class":101},[57,87373,105],{"class":71},[57,87375,170],{"class":169},[57,87377,86599],{"class":173},[57,87379,170],{"class":169},[57,87381,79],{"class":71},[57,87383,181],{"class":169},[57,87385,60723],{"class":173},[57,87387,170],{"class":169},[57,87389,79],{"class":71},[57,87391,86614],{"class":334},[57,87393,68],{"class":67},[57,87395,170],{"class":169},[57,87397,86621],{"class":173},[57,87399,170],{"class":169},[57,87401,1959],{"class":71},[57,87403,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87405,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87407,6623],{"class":71},[57,87409,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87411,86638],{"class":63},[57,87413,68],{"class":67},[57,87415,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87417,620],{"class":71},[57,87419,86647],{"class":113},[57,87421,8870],{"class":71},[57,87423,87424,87426,87428,87430],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87425,8296],{"class":101},[57,87427,105],{"class":71},[57,87429,86658],{"class":113},[57,87431,316],{"class":71},[20,87433,87434],{},"Why this is recommended:",[30,87436,87437,87442,87448,87451],{},[33,87438,87439,87441],{},[15,87440,86589],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[33,87443,87444,87445,87447],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87446,86725],{}," yourself",[33,87449,87450],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[33,87452,87453],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87455,1313,87456,87458],{},[15,87457,86589],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[48,87460,87461],{"className":50,"code":86730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,87462,87463,87501,87515,87525],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87464,87465,87467,87469,87471,87473,87475,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87466,86737],{"class":86630},[57,87468,13507],{"class":67},[57,87470,86592],{"class":101},[57,87472,105],{"class":71},[57,87474,170],{"class":169},[57,87476,86599],{"class":173},[57,87478,170],{"class":169},[57,87480,79],{"class":71},[57,87482,181],{"class":169},[57,87484,60723],{"class":173},[57,87486,170],{"class":169},[57,87488,79],{"class":71},[57,87490,86614],{"class":334},[57,87492,68],{"class":67},[57,87494,170],{"class":169},[57,87496,86621],{"class":173},[57,87498,170],{"class":169},[57,87500,316],{"class":71},[57,87502,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87504,86776],{"class":63},[57,87506,68],{"class":67},[57,87508,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87510,620],{"class":71},[57,87512,86647],{"class":113},[57,87514,8870],{"class":71},[57,87516,87517,87519,87521,87523],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87518,102],{"class":101},[57,87520,105],{"class":71},[57,87522,86658],{"class":113},[57,87524,316],{"class":71},[57,87526,87527,87529,87531,87533],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,87528,86737],{"class":86630},[57,87530,620],{"class":71},[57,87532,86805],{"class":113},[57,87534,8870],{"class":71},[20,87536,87537],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[43,87539,87541],{"id":87540},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87543,87544,87545,87547],{},"Use mode ",[15,87546,86668],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[943,87549,87551],{"id":87550},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87553,87554,87556],{},[15,87555,86705],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[48,87558,87559],{"className":50,"code":86582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,87560,87561,87603,87617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87562,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575,87577,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589,87591,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87564,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87566,86592],{"class":101},[57,87568,105],{"class":71},[57,87570,170],{"class":169},[57,87572,86599],{"class":173},[57,87574,170],{"class":169},[57,87576,79],{"class":71},[57,87578,181],{"class":169},[57,87580,60723],{"class":173},[57,87582,170],{"class":169},[57,87584,79],{"class":71},[57,87586,86614],{"class":334},[57,87588,68],{"class":67},[57,87590,170],{"class":169},[57,87592,86621],{"class":173},[57,87594,170],{"class":169},[57,87596,1959],{"class":71},[57,87598,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87600,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87602,6623],{"class":71},[57,87604,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87606,86638],{"class":63},[57,87608,68],{"class":67},[57,87610,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87612,620],{"class":71},[57,87614,86647],{"class":113},[57,87616,8870],{"class":71},[57,87618,87619,87621,87623,87625],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87620,8296],{"class":101},[57,87622,105],{"class":71},[57,87624,86658],{"class":113},[57,87626,316],{"class":71},[943,87628,87630],{"id":87629},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87632,87633,87635],{},[15,87634,86710],{}," reads one line at a time.",[48,87637,87639],{"className":50,"code":87638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87640,87641,87683,87699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87642,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87644,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87646,86592],{"class":101},[57,87648,105],{"class":71},[57,87650,170],{"class":169},[57,87652,86599],{"class":173},[57,87654,170],{"class":169},[57,87656,79],{"class":71},[57,87658,181],{"class":169},[57,87660,60723],{"class":173},[57,87662,170],{"class":169},[57,87664,79],{"class":71},[57,87666,86614],{"class":334},[57,87668,68],{"class":67},[57,87670,170],{"class":169},[57,87672,86621],{"class":173},[57,87674,170],{"class":169},[57,87676,1959],{"class":71},[57,87678,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87680,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87682,6623],{"class":71},[57,87684,87685,87688,87690,87692,87694,87697],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87686,87687],{"class":63},"    first_line ",[57,87689,68],{"class":67},[57,87691,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87693,620],{"class":71},[57,87695,87696],{"class":113},"readline",[57,87698,8870],{"class":71},[57,87700,87701,87703,87705,87708],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87702,8296],{"class":101},[57,87704,105],{"class":71},[57,87706,87707],{"class":113},"first_line",[57,87709,316],{"class":71},[943,87711,87713],{"id":87712},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87715,87716],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[48,87718,87720],{"className":50,"code":87719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87721,87722,87764,87778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87723,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87762],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87725,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87727,86592],{"class":101},[57,87729,105],{"class":71},[57,87731,170],{"class":169},[57,87733,86599],{"class":173},[57,87735,170],{"class":169},[57,87737,79],{"class":71},[57,87739,181],{"class":169},[57,87741,60723],{"class":173},[57,87743,170],{"class":169},[57,87745,79],{"class":71},[57,87747,86614],{"class":334},[57,87749,68],{"class":67},[57,87751,170],{"class":169},[57,87753,86621],{"class":173},[57,87755,170],{"class":169},[57,87757,1959],{"class":71},[57,87759,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87761,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87763,6623],{"class":71},[57,87765,87766,87769,87772,87774,87776],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87767,87768],{"class":1962},"    for",[57,87770,87771],{"class":63}," line ",[57,87773,1969],{"class":1962},[57,87775,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87777,6623],{"class":71},[57,87779,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87781,47560],{"class":101},[57,87783,105],{"class":71},[57,87785,59],{"class":113},[57,87787,620],{"class":71},[57,87789,8862],{"class":113},[57,87791,1671],{"class":71},[20,87793,87794,87795,3122,87799,620],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[614,87796,87798],{"href":87797},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[614,87800,87802],{"href":87801},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[43,87804,87806],{"id":87805},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87808,1806,87809,87811],{},[15,87810,86985],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[48,87813,87815],{"className":50,"code":87814,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87816,87817,87860,87881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87818,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838,87840,87842,87844,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87820,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87822,86592],{"class":101},[57,87824,105],{"class":71},[57,87826,170],{"class":169},[57,87828,87829],{"class":173},"output.txt",[57,87831,170],{"class":169},[57,87833,79],{"class":71},[57,87835,181],{"class":169},[57,87837,60706],{"class":173},[57,87839,170],{"class":169},[57,87841,79],{"class":71},[57,87843,86614],{"class":334},[57,87845,68],{"class":67},[57,87847,170],{"class":169},[57,87849,86621],{"class":173},[57,87851,170],{"class":169},[57,87853,1959],{"class":71},[57,87855,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87857,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87859,6623],{"class":71},[57,87861,87862,87864,87866,87868,87870,87872,87875,87877,87879],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87863,87135],{"class":86630},[57,87865,620],{"class":71},[57,87867,70409],{"class":113},[57,87869,105],{"class":71},[57,87871,170],{"class":169},[57,87873,87874],{"class":173},"First line",[57,87876,87148],{"class":34683},[57,87878,170],{"class":169},[57,87880,316],{"class":71},[57,87882,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87896,87898,87900],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,87884,87135],{"class":86630},[57,87886,620],{"class":71},[57,87888,70409],{"class":113},[57,87890,105],{"class":71},[57,87892,170],{"class":169},[57,87894,87895],{"class":173},"Second line",[57,87897,87148],{"class":34683},[57,87899,170],{"class":169},[57,87901,316],{"class":71},[20,87903,1806,87904,87906],{},[15,87905,18327],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[48,87908,87910],{"className":50,"code":87909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87911,87912,87954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,87913,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,87915,86589],{"class":1962},[57,87917,86592],{"class":101},[57,87919,105],{"class":71},[57,87921,170],{"class":169},[57,87923,87829],{"class":173},[57,87925,170],{"class":169},[57,87927,79],{"class":71},[57,87929,181],{"class":169},[57,87931,614],{"class":173},[57,87933,170],{"class":169},[57,87935,79],{"class":71},[57,87937,86614],{"class":334},[57,87939,68],{"class":67},[57,87941,170],{"class":169},[57,87943,86621],{"class":173},[57,87945,170],{"class":169},[57,87947,1959],{"class":71},[57,87949,47580],{"class":1962},[57,87951,86631],{"class":86630},[57,87953,6623],{"class":71},[57,87955,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87969,87971,87973],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,87957,87135],{"class":86630},[57,87959,620],{"class":71},[57,87961,70409],{"class":113},[57,87963,105],{"class":71},[57,87965,170],{"class":169},[57,87967,87968],{"class":173},"Third line",[57,87970,87148],{"class":34683},[57,87972,170],{"class":169},[57,87974,316],{"class":71},[20,87976,87977],{},"Important detail:",[30,87979,87980,87985,87992],{},[33,87981,87982,87984],{},[15,87983,86720],{}," writes a string",[33,87986,87987,14284,87989,87991],{},[15,87988,86720],{},[1399,87990,1401],{}," add a newline for you",[33,87993,87994,87995,87447],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87996,87148],{},[20,87998,87999,88000,3122,88004,620],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[614,88001,88003],{"href":88002},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[614,88005,88007],{"href":88006},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[43,88009,88011],{"id":88010},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88013,88014],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[943,88016,88018],{"id":88017},"encodingutf-8",[15,88019,86965],{},[20,88021,88022],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[48,88024,88026],{"className":50,"code":88025,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88027,88028,88071],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88029,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88031,86589],{"class":1962},[57,88033,86592],{"class":101},[57,88035,105],{"class":71},[57,88037,170],{"class":169},[57,88039,88040],{"class":173},"message.txt",[57,88042,170],{"class":169},[57,88044,79],{"class":71},[57,88046,181],{"class":169},[57,88048,60723],{"class":173},[57,88050,170],{"class":169},[57,88052,79],{"class":71},[57,88054,86614],{"class":334},[57,88056,68],{"class":67},[57,88058,170],{"class":169},[57,88060,86621],{"class":173},[57,88062,170],{"class":169},[57,88064,1959],{"class":71},[57,88066,47580],{"class":1962},[57,88068,86631],{"class":86630},[57,88070,6623],{"class":71},[57,88072,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88074,8296],{"class":101},[57,88076,105],{"class":71},[57,88078,86737],{"class":86630},[57,88080,620],{"class":71},[57,88082,86647],{"class":113},[57,88084,1671],{"class":71},[20,88086,88087],{},"Why it matters:",[30,88089,88090,88093,88096],{},[33,88091,88092],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[33,88094,88095],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[33,88097,88098],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[943,88100,88102],{"id":88101},"newline",[15,88103,88101],{},[20,88105,88106],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88108,88109],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[943,88111,88113],{"id":88112},"buffering",[15,88114,88112],{},[20,88116,88117],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88119,88120],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[43,88122,88124],{"id":88123},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88126,88127],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[943,88129,88131],{"id":88130},"filenotfounderror",[15,88132,88133],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88135,88136],{},"This happens when:",[30,88138,88139,88142,88145],{},[33,88140,88141],{},"the file does not exist",[33,88143,88144],{},"the path is wrong",[33,88146,88147],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88149,864],{},[48,88151,88153],{"className":50,"code":88152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88154,88155,88198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88156,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88168,88170,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88158,86589],{"class":1962},[57,88160,86592],{"class":101},[57,88162,105],{"class":71},[57,88164,170],{"class":169},[57,88166,88167],{"class":173},"missing.txt",[57,88169,170],{"class":169},[57,88171,79],{"class":71},[57,88173,181],{"class":169},[57,88175,60723],{"class":173},[57,88177,170],{"class":169},[57,88179,79],{"class":71},[57,88181,86614],{"class":334},[57,88183,68],{"class":67},[57,88185,170],{"class":169},[57,88187,86621],{"class":173},[57,88189,170],{"class":169},[57,88191,1959],{"class":71},[57,88193,47580],{"class":1962},[57,88195,86631],{"class":86630},[57,88197,6623],{"class":71},[57,88199,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88210],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88201,8296],{"class":101},[57,88203,105],{"class":71},[57,88205,86737],{"class":86630},[57,88207,620],{"class":71},[57,88209,86647],{"class":113},[57,88211,1671],{"class":71},[20,88213,88214,88215,1242,88223,620],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[614,88216,88218,88219,88222],{"href":88217},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[57,88220,88221],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[614,88224,88226],{"href":88225},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[943,88228,88230],{"id":88229},"permissionerror",[15,88231,88232],{},"PermissionError",[20,88234,88235],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88237,88238],{},"Example causes:",[30,88240,88241,88244,88247],{},[33,88242,88243],{},"the file is protected",[33,88245,88246],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[33,88248,88249],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88251,88252,88253],{},"Related page: ",[614,88254,88256,88257,88260],{"href":88255},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[57,88258,88259],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[943,88262,88264],{"id":88263},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88265,88266],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88268,88269],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88271,864],{},[48,88273,88275],{"className":50,"code":88274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88276,88277,88320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88278,88279,88281,88283,88285,88287,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88300,88302,88304,88306,88308,88310,88312,88314,88316,88318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88280,86589],{"class":1962},[57,88282,86592],{"class":101},[57,88284,105],{"class":71},[57,88286,170],{"class":169},[57,88288,88289],{"class":173},"my_folder",[57,88291,170],{"class":169},[57,88293,79],{"class":71},[57,88295,181],{"class":169},[57,88297,60723],{"class":173},[57,88299,170],{"class":169},[57,88301,79],{"class":71},[57,88303,86614],{"class":334},[57,88305,68],{"class":67},[57,88307,170],{"class":169},[57,88309,86621],{"class":173},[57,88311,170],{"class":169},[57,88313,1959],{"class":71},[57,88315,47580],{"class":1962},[57,88317,86631],{"class":86630},[57,88319,6623],{"class":71},[57,88321,88322,88324,88326,88328,88330,88332],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88323,8296],{"class":101},[57,88325,105],{"class":71},[57,88327,86737],{"class":86630},[57,88329,620],{"class":71},[57,88331,86647],{"class":113},[57,88333,1671],{"class":71},[20,88335,88252,88336],{},[614,88337,88339,88340,88343],{"href":88338},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[57,88341,88342],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[943,88345,88347],{"id":88346},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88348,88349],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88351,88352,88353,620],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88354,86570],{},[20,88356,88252,88357],{},[614,88358,88360],{"href":88359},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[43,88362,88364],{"id":88363},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88366,88367,88368,88370],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88369,86570],{}," function.",[20,88372,88373],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[30,88375,88376,88379,88382,88388],{},[33,88377,88378],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[33,88380,88381],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[33,88383,88384,88385,88387],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88386,86570],{}," itself",[33,88389,88390,88391],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[614,88392,88394],{"href":88393},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[43,88396,1829],{"id":1828},[20,88398,88399,88400,270],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88401,86570],{},[30,88403,88404,88409,88415,88420,88423,88426],{},[33,88405,443,88406,88408],{},[15,88407,86668],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[33,88410,88411,88412,88414],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88413,86869],{}," for text files",[33,88416,443,88417,88419],{},[15,88418,86985],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[33,88421,88422],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[33,88424,88425],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[33,88427,88428],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88430,88431],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[48,88433,88435],{"className":50,"code":88434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88436,88437,88444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88438,88439,88441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88440,35321],{"class":1962},[57,88442,88443],{"class":63}," os\n",[57,88445,88446,88448,88450,88452,88454,88457],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88447,102],{"class":101},[57,88449,105],{"class":71},[57,88451,42851],{"class":113},[57,88453,620],{"class":71},[57,88455,88456],{"class":113},"getcwd",[57,88458,1671],{"class":71},[20,88460,88461],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[48,88463,88465],{"className":50,"code":88464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88466,88467,88473],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88468,88469,88471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88470,35321],{"class":1962},[57,88472,88443],{"class":63},[57,88474,88475,88477,88479,88481,88483,88486,88488,88491,88493,88495,88497,88499],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88476,102],{"class":101},[57,88478,105],{"class":71},[57,88480,42851],{"class":113},[57,88482,620],{"class":71},[57,88484,88485],{"class":1108},"path",[57,88487,620],{"class":71},[57,88489,88490],{"class":113},"exists",[57,88492,105],{"class":71},[57,88494,170],{"class":169},[57,88496,86599],{"class":173},[57,88498,170],{"class":169},[57,88500,117],{"class":71},[20,88502,88503],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[48,88505,88507],{"className":50,"code":88506,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88508,88509,88515],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88510,88511,88513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88512,35321],{"class":1962},[57,88514,88443],{"class":63},[57,88516,88517,88519,88521,88523,88525,88527,88529,88532,88534,88536,88538,88540],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88518,102],{"class":101},[57,88520,105],{"class":71},[57,88522,42851],{"class":113},[57,88524,620],{"class":71},[57,88526,88485],{"class":1108},[57,88528,620],{"class":71},[57,88530,88531],{"class":113},"isfile",[57,88533,105],{"class":71},[57,88535,170],{"class":169},[57,88537,86599],{"class":173},[57,88539,170],{"class":169},[57,88541,117],{"class":71},[20,88543,88544],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[48,88546,88548],{"className":50,"code":88547,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88549,88550,88592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88551,88552,88554,88556,88558,88560,88562,88564,88566,88568,88570,88572,88574,88576,88578,88580,88582,88584,88586,88588,88590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88553,86589],{"class":1962},[57,88555,86592],{"class":101},[57,88557,105],{"class":71},[57,88559,170],{"class":169},[57,88561,86599],{"class":173},[57,88563,170],{"class":169},[57,88565,79],{"class":71},[57,88567,181],{"class":169},[57,88569,60723],{"class":173},[57,88571,170],{"class":169},[57,88573,79],{"class":71},[57,88575,86614],{"class":334},[57,88577,68],{"class":67},[57,88579,170],{"class":169},[57,88581,86621],{"class":173},[57,88583,170],{"class":169},[57,88585,1959],{"class":71},[57,88587,47580],{"class":1962},[57,88589,86631],{"class":86630},[57,88591,6623],{"class":71},[57,88593,88594,88596,88598,88600,88602,88604],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88595,8296],{"class":101},[57,88597,105],{"class":71},[57,88599,86737],{"class":86630},[57,88601,620],{"class":71},[57,88603,86647],{"class":113},[57,88605,1671],{"class":71},[20,88607,88608],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[43,88610,2011],{"id":2010},[943,88612,88614],{"id":88613},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88616,88617],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[943,88619,88621],{"id":88620},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88623,88624,88625,88627],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88626,86589],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[943,88629,2119,88631,1242,88633,88635],{"id":88630},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88632,86985],{},[15,88634,18327],{}," mode?",[20,88637,88638,88640,88641,88643],{},[15,88639,86985],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88642,18327],{}," adds new content to the end.",[943,88645,88647],{"id":88646},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88649,88650],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[943,88652,88654],{"id":88653},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88656,88657,88658,88660],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88659,86965],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[43,88662,2135],{"id":2134},[30,88664,88665,88669,88673,88677,88681,88685,88689,88695],{},[33,88666,88667],{},[614,88668,87798],{"href":87797},[33,88670,88671],{},[614,88672,88003],{"href":88002},[33,88674,88675],{},[614,88676,88007],{"href":88006},[33,88678,88679],{},[614,88680,87802],{"href":87801},[33,88682,88683],{},[614,88684,88394],{"href":88393},[33,88686,88687],{},[614,88688,88226],{"href":88225},[33,88690,88691],{},[614,88692,88218,88693,88222],{"href":88217},[57,88694,88221],{},[33,88696,88697],{},[614,88698,88256,88699,88260],{"href":88255},[57,88700,88259],{},[2172,88702,88703],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":88705},[88706,88707,88708,88709,88710,88711,88712,88717,88718,88723,88729,88730,88731,88739],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":86672,"depth":98,"text":86673},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":86969,"depth":98,"text":86970},{"id":87233,"depth":98,"text":87234},{"id":87357,"depth":98,"text":87358},{"id":87540,"depth":98,"text":87541,"children":88713},[88714,88715,88716],{"id":87550,"depth":120,"text":87551},{"id":87629,"depth":120,"text":87630},{"id":87712,"depth":120,"text":87713},{"id":87805,"depth":98,"text":87806},{"id":88010,"depth":98,"text":88011,"children":88719},[88720,88721,88722],{"id":88017,"depth":120,"text":86965},{"id":88101,"depth":120,"text":88101},{"id":88112,"depth":120,"text":88112},{"id":88123,"depth":98,"text":88124,"children":88724},[88725,88726,88727,88728],{"id":88130,"depth":120,"text":88133},{"id":88229,"depth":120,"text":88232},{"id":88263,"depth":120,"text":88266},{"id":88346,"depth":120,"text":88349},{"id":88363,"depth":98,"text":88364},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":88732},[88733,88734,88735,88737,88738],{"id":88613,"depth":120,"text":88614},{"id":88620,"depth":120,"text":88621},{"id":88630,"depth":120,"text":88736},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88646,"depth":120,"text":88647},{"id":88653,"depth":120,"text":88654},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86560,"description":88740},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88747,"title":88748,"body":88749,"description":90744,"extension":2219,"meta":90745,"navigation":123,"path":90746,"seo":90747,"stem":90748,"__hash__":90749},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88750,"toc":90691},[88751,88756,88761,88767,88769,88837,88839,88858,88863,88868,88873,88876,88888,88890,88933,88935,88953,88964,88966,88968,88993,88995,89006,89008,89068,89070,89096,89099,89103,89108,89112,89115,89149,89153,89156,89181,89185,89208,89212,89245,89250,89254,89259,89262,89330,89332,89356,89361,89364,89395,89397,89429,89446,89450,89455,89479,89486,89491,89496,89499,89503,89538,89540,89549,89553,89644,89646,89677,89682,89689,89694,89703,89706,89740,89742,89756,89760,89801,89803,89812,89816,89864,89866,89880,89885,89896,89903,89909,89911,89946,89948,89962,89965,89987,89993,90022,90033,90039,90045,90059,90061,90140,90142,90192,90199,90201,90206,90210,90213,90228,90233,90235,90254,90260,90263,90278,90280,90298,90304,90309,90339,90342,90365,90368,90395,90402,90408,90416,90439,90444,90452,90454,90474,90478,90484,90534,90537,90559,90561,90567,90575,90581,90587,90595,90600,90604,90607,90630,90635,90642,90654,90656,90688],[10,88752,13,88754,18],{"id":88753},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88755,46677],{},[20,88757,32547,88758,88760],{},[15,88759,46677],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88762,88763,88764,88766],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88765,46677],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[43,88768,46],{"id":45},[48,88770,88772],{"className":50,"code":88771,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88773,88774,88786,88795,88799,88809,88819],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88775,88776,88778,88780,88782,88784],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88777,8103],{"class":63},[57,88779,68],{"class":67},[57,88781,181],{"class":169},[57,88783,8148],{"class":173},[57,88785,3602],{"class":169},[57,88787,88788,88790,88792],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88789,21858],{"class":63},[57,88791,68],{"class":67},[57,88793,88794],{"class":75}," 12\n",[57,88796,88797],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,88798,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,88800,88801,88803,88805,88807],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,88802,102],{"class":101},[57,88804,105],{"class":71},[57,88806,7898],{"class":113},[57,88808,316],{"class":71},[57,88810,88811,88813,88815,88817],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,88812,102],{"class":101},[57,88814,105],{"class":71},[57,88816,9526],{"class":113},[57,88818,316],{"class":71},[57,88820,88821,88823,88825,88827,88829,88831,88833,88835],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,88822,102],{"class":101},[57,88824,105],{"class":71},[57,88826,170],{"class":169},[57,88828,35097],{"class":173},[57,88830,170],{"class":169},[57,88832,79],{"class":71},[57,88834,36223],{"class":113},[57,88836,316],{"class":71},[20,88838,216],{},[48,88840,88842],{"className":50,"code":88841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88843,88844,88849,88853],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88845,88846],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88847,88848],{"class":63},"Mia\n",[57,88850,88851],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88852,664],{"class":75},[57,88854,88855],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,88856,88857],{"class":63},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88859,1806,88860,88862],{},[15,88861,46677],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[43,88864,262,88866,265],{"id":88865},"what-print-does",[15,88867,46677],{},[20,88869,88870,88872],{},[15,88871,46677],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88874,88875],{},"You can use it to display:",[30,88877,88878,88880,88882,88885],{},[33,88879,1222],{},[33,88881,114],{},[33,88883,88884],{},"variables",[33,88886,88887],{},"expressions",[20,88889,864],{},[48,88891,88893],{"className":50,"code":88892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88894,88895,88909,88919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88896,88897,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88898,102],{"class":101},[57,88900,105],{"class":71},[57,88902,170],{"class":169},[57,88904,35097],{"class":173},[57,88906,170],{"class":169},[57,88908,316],{"class":71},[57,88910,88911,88913,88915,88917],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88912,102],{"class":101},[57,88914,105],{"class":71},[57,88916,2389],{"class":75},[57,88918,316],{"class":71},[57,88920,88921,88923,88925,88927,88929,88931],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,88922,102],{"class":101},[57,88924,105],{"class":71},[57,88926,1788],{"class":75},[57,88928,2703],{"class":67},[57,88930,1793],{"class":75},[57,88932,316],{"class":71},[20,88934,216],{},[48,88936,88938],{"className":50,"code":88937,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88939,88940,88945,88949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88941,88942],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88943,88944],{"class":63},"Hello\n",[57,88946,88947],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,88948,3190],{"class":75},[57,88950,88951],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,88952,3190],{"class":75},[20,88954,88955,88956,88958,88959,88963],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88957,46677],{}," ",[1399,88960,3931,88961],{},[15,88962,1524],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[43,88965,294],{"id":293},[20,88967,30955],{},[48,88969,88971],{"className":50,"code":88970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88972,88973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,88974,88975,88977,88979,88982,88984,88987,88989,88991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,88976,102],{"class":101},[57,88978,105],{"class":71},[57,88980,88981],{"class":113},"object1",[57,88983,79],{"class":71},[57,88985,88986],{"class":113}," object2",[57,88988,79],{"class":71},[57,88990,34684],{"class":101},[57,88992,316],{"class":71},[20,88994,80405],{},[30,88996,88997,89000,89003],{},[33,88998,88999],{},"one value",[33,89001,89002],{},"many values",[33,89004,89005],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89007,864],{},[48,89009,89011],{"className":50,"code":89010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89012,89013,89027,89046],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89014,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023,89025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89016,102],{"class":101},[57,89018,105],{"class":71},[57,89020,170],{"class":169},[57,89022,57988],{"class":173},[57,89024,170],{"class":169},[57,89026,316],{"class":71},[57,89028,89029,89031,89033,89035,89038,89040,89042,89044],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89030,102],{"class":101},[57,89032,105],{"class":71},[57,89034,170],{"class":169},[57,89036,89037],{"class":173},"Score:",[57,89039,170],{"class":169},[57,89041,79],{"class":71},[57,89043,6234],{"class":75},[57,89045,316],{"class":71},[57,89047,89048,89050,89052,89054,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064,89066],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,89049,102],{"class":101},[57,89051,105],{"class":71},[57,89053,170],{"class":169},[57,89055,45789],{"class":173},[57,89057,170],{"class":169},[57,89059,79],{"class":71},[57,89061,2706],{"class":75},[57,89063,2703],{"class":67},[57,89065,37874],{"class":75},[57,89067,316],{"class":71},[20,89069,216],{},[48,89071,89073],{"className":50,"code":89072,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89074,89075,89079,89088],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89076,89077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89078,85351],{"class":63},[57,89080,89081,89084,89086],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89082,89083],{"class":63},"Score",[57,89085,270],{"class":71},[57,89087,2832],{"class":75},[57,89089,89090,89092,89094],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,89091,45829],{"class":63},[57,89093,270],{"class":71},[57,89095,2832],{"class":75},[20,89097,89098],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[43,89100,89102],{"id":89101},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89104,89105,89106,620],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89107,46677],{},[943,89109,89111],{"id":89110},"print-text","Print text",[20,89113,89114],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[48,89116,89118],{"className":50,"code":89117,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89119,89120,89134],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89121,89122,89124,89126,89128,89130,89132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89123,102],{"class":101},[57,89125,105],{"class":71},[57,89127,170],{"class":169},[57,89129,35097],{"class":173},[57,89131,170],{"class":169},[57,89133,316],{"class":71},[57,89135,89136,89138,89140,89142,89145,89147],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89137,102],{"class":101},[57,89139,105],{"class":71},[57,89141,170],{"class":169},[57,89143,89144],{"class":173},"Python is fun",[57,89146,170],{"class":169},[57,89148,316],{"class":71},[943,89150,89152],{"id":89151},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89154,89155],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[48,89157,89159],{"className":50,"code":89158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89160,89161,89171],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89162,89163,89165,89167,89169],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89164,102],{"class":101},[57,89166,105],{"class":71},[57,89168,2389],{"class":75},[57,89170,316],{"class":71},[57,89172,89173,89175,89177,89179],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89174,102],{"class":101},[57,89176,105],{"class":71},[57,89178,40372],{"class":75},[57,89180,316],{"class":71},[943,89182,89184],{"id":89183},"print-variables","Print variables",[48,89186,89188],{"className":50,"code":89187,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89189,89190,89198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89191,89192,89194,89196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89193,5328],{"class":63},[57,89195,68],{"class":67},[57,89197,14361],{"class":75},[57,89199,89200,89202,89204,89206],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89201,102],{"class":101},[57,89203,105],{"class":71},[57,89205,85515],{"class":113},[57,89207,316],{"class":71},[943,89209,89211],{"id":89210},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[48,89213,89215],{"className":50,"code":89214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89216,89217,89231],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89218,89219,89221,89223,89225,89227,89229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89220,102],{"class":101},[57,89222,105],{"class":71},[57,89224,1788],{"class":75},[57,89226,2703],{"class":67},[57,89228,1793],{"class":75},[57,89230,316],{"class":71},[57,89232,89233,89235,89237,89239,89241,89243],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89234,102],{"class":101},[57,89236,105],{"class":71},[57,89238,1561],{"class":75},[57,89240,329],{"class":67},[57,89242,2706],{"class":75},[57,89244,316],{"class":71},[20,89246,89247,89248,620],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[614,89249,51197],{"href":51196},[43,89251,89253],{"id":89252},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89255,89256,89258],{},[15,89257,46677],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89260,89261],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[48,89263,89265],{"className":50,"code":89264,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89266,89267,89280,89288,89292,89311],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89268,89269,89271,89273,89275,89278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89270,8103],{"class":63},[57,89272,68],{"class":67},[57,89274,181],{"class":169},[57,89276,89277],{"class":173},"Ava",[57,89279,3602],{"class":169},[57,89281,89282,89284,89286],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89283,21858],{"class":63},[57,89285,68],{"class":67},[57,89287,2832],{"class":75},[57,89289,89290],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,89291,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,89293,89294,89296,89298,89300,89303,89305,89307,89309],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,89295,102],{"class":101},[57,89297,105],{"class":71},[57,89299,170],{"class":169},[57,89301,89302],{"class":173},"Name:",[57,89304,170],{"class":169},[57,89306,79],{"class":71},[57,89308,36223],{"class":113},[57,89310,316],{"class":71},[57,89312,89313,89315,89317,89319,89322,89324,89326,89328],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,89314,102],{"class":101},[57,89316,105],{"class":71},[57,89318,170],{"class":169},[57,89320,89321],{"class":173},"Age:",[57,89323,170],{"class":169},[57,89325,79],{"class":71},[57,89327,9415],{"class":113},[57,89329,316],{"class":71},[20,89331,216],{},[48,89333,89335],{"className":50,"code":89334,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89336,89337,89347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89338,89339,89342,89344],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89340,89341],{"class":63},"Name",[57,89343,270],{"class":71},[57,89345,89346],{"class":63}," Ava\n",[57,89348,89349,89352,89354],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89350,89351],{"class":63},"Age",[57,89353,270],{"class":71},[57,89355,2832],{"class":75},[20,89357,89358,89359,620],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89360,2314],{},[20,89362,89363],{},"For example, this works:",[48,89365,89367],{"className":50,"code":89366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89368,89369,89377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89370,89371,89373,89375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89372,21858],{"class":63},[57,89374,68],{"class":67},[57,89376,2832],{"class":75},[57,89378,89379,89381,89383,89385,89387,89389,89391,89393],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89380,102],{"class":101},[57,89382,105],{"class":71},[57,89384,170],{"class":169},[57,89386,89321],{"class":173},[57,89388,170],{"class":169},[57,89390,79],{"class":71},[57,89392,9415],{"class":113},[57,89394,316],{"class":71},[20,89396,37157],{},[48,89398,89400],{"className":50,"code":89399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89401,89402,89410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89403,89404,89406,89408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89405,21858],{"class":63},[57,89407,68],{"class":67},[57,89409,2832],{"class":75},[57,89411,89412,89414,89416,89418,89421,89423,89425,89427],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89413,102],{"class":101},[57,89415,105],{"class":71},[57,89417,170],{"class":169},[57,89419,89420],{"class":173},"Age: ",[57,89422,170],{"class":169},[57,89424,2703],{"class":67},[57,89426,9415],{"class":113},[57,89428,316],{"class":71},[20,89430,89431,89432,89435,89436,89438,89439,89441,89442,620],{},"That fails because ",[15,89433,89434],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89437,9526],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89440,2314],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[614,89443,89444],{"href":42402},[15,89445,47906],{},[43,89447,89449],{"id":89448},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89451,89452,89454],{},[15,89453,46677],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[30,89456,89457,89463,89468,89473],{},[33,89458,89459,89462],{},[15,89460,89461],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[33,89464,89465,89467],{},[15,89466,52879],{}," controls what is added after the output",[33,89469,89470,89472],{},[15,89471,86737],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[33,89474,89475,89478],{},[15,89476,89477],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89480,89481,89482,1242,89484,620],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89483,89461],{},[15,89485,52879],{},[43,89487,89489,932],{"id":89488},"sep-argument",[15,89490,89461],{},[20,89492,935,89493,89495],{},[15,89494,89461],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89497,89498],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[943,89500,89502],{"id":89501},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[48,89504,89506],{"className":50,"code":89505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89507,89508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89509,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89520,89522,89524,89526,89528,89530,89532,89534,89536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89511,102],{"class":101},[57,89513,105],{"class":71},[57,89515,170],{"class":169},[57,89517,13323],{"class":173},[57,89519,170],{"class":169},[57,89521,79],{"class":71},[57,89523,181],{"class":169},[57,89525,17686],{"class":173},[57,89527,170],{"class":169},[57,89529,79],{"class":71},[57,89531,181],{"class":169},[57,89533,13340],{"class":173},[57,89535,170],{"class":169},[57,89537,316],{"class":71},[20,89539,216],{},[48,89541,89543],{"className":50,"code":89542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red green blue\n",[15,89544,89545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89546,89547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89548,89542],{"class":63},[943,89550,89552],{"id":89551},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[48,89554,89556],{"className":50,"code":89555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89557,89558,89601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89559,89560,89562,89564,89566,89568,89570,89572,89574,89576,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89591,89593,89595,89597,89599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89561,102],{"class":101},[57,89563,105],{"class":71},[57,89565,170],{"class":169},[57,89567,13323],{"class":173},[57,89569,170],{"class":169},[57,89571,79],{"class":71},[57,89573,181],{"class":169},[57,89575,17686],{"class":173},[57,89577,170],{"class":169},[57,89579,79],{"class":71},[57,89581,181],{"class":169},[57,89583,13340],{"class":173},[57,89585,170],{"class":169},[57,89587,79],{"class":71},[57,89589,89590],{"class":334}," sep",[57,89592,68],{"class":67},[57,89594,170],{"class":169},[57,89596,79],{"class":173},[57,89598,170],{"class":169},[57,89600,316],{"class":71},[57,89602,89603,89605,89607,89609,89611,89613,89615,89617,89619,89621,89623,89625,89627,89629,89631,89633,89635,89637,89640,89642],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89604,102],{"class":101},[57,89606,105],{"class":71},[57,89608,170],{"class":169},[57,89610,13323],{"class":173},[57,89612,170],{"class":169},[57,89614,79],{"class":71},[57,89616,181],{"class":169},[57,89618,17686],{"class":173},[57,89620,170],{"class":169},[57,89622,79],{"class":71},[57,89624,181],{"class":169},[57,89626,13340],{"class":173},[57,89628,170],{"class":169},[57,89630,79],{"class":71},[57,89632,89590],{"class":334},[57,89634,68],{"class":67},[57,89636,170],{"class":169},[57,89638,89639],{"class":173}," - ",[57,89641,170],{"class":169},[57,89643,316],{"class":71},[20,89645,216],{},[48,89647,89649],{"className":50,"code":89648,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89650,89651,89663],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89652,89653,89655,89657,89659,89661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89654,13323],{"class":63},[57,89656,79],{"class":71},[57,89658,17686],{"class":63},[57,89660,79],{"class":71},[57,89662,70195],{"class":63},[57,89664,89665,89668,89670,89673,89675],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89666,89667],{"class":63},"red ",[57,89669,2277],{"class":67},[57,89671,89672],{"class":63}," green ",[57,89674,2277],{"class":67},[57,89676,36112],{"class":63},[20,89678,89679,89681],{},[15,89680,89461],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89683,89684,89685,620],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[614,89686,89688],{"href":89687},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[43,89690,89692,932],{"id":89691},"end-argument",[15,89693,52879],{},[20,89695,89696,89697,89699,89700,89702],{},"By default, ",[15,89698,46677],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89701,46677],{}," starts on a new line.",[943,89704,89502],{"id":89705},"default-behavior-1",[48,89707,89709],{"className":50,"code":89708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89710,89711,89725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89712,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89714,102],{"class":101},[57,89716,105],{"class":71},[57,89718,170],{"class":169},[57,89720,35097],{"class":173},[57,89722,170],{"class":169},[57,89724,316],{"class":71},[57,89726,89727,89729,89731,89733,89736,89738],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89728,102],{"class":101},[57,89730,105],{"class":71},[57,89732,170],{"class":169},[57,89734,89735],{"class":173},"World",[57,89737,170],{"class":169},[57,89739,316],{"class":71},[20,89741,216],{},[48,89743,89745],{"className":50,"code":89744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89746,89747,89751],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89748,89749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89750,88944],{"class":63},[57,89752,89753],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89754,89755],{"class":63},"World\n",[943,89757,89759],{"id":89758},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[48,89761,89763],{"className":50,"code":89762,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89764,89765,89787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89766,89767,89769,89771,89773,89775,89777,89779,89781,89783,89785],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89768,102],{"class":101},[57,89770,105],{"class":71},[57,89772,170],{"class":169},[57,89774,35097],{"class":173},[57,89776,170],{"class":169},[57,89778,79],{"class":71},[57,89780,65259],{"class":334},[57,89782,68],{"class":67},[57,89784,6502],{"class":169},[57,89786,316],{"class":71},[57,89788,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89790,102],{"class":101},[57,89792,105],{"class":71},[57,89794,170],{"class":169},[57,89796,89735],{"class":173},[57,89798,170],{"class":169},[57,89800,316],{"class":71},[20,89802,216],{},[48,89804,89806],{"className":50,"code":89805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89807,89808],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89809,89810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89811,89805],{"class":63},[943,89813,89815],{"id":89814},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[48,89817,89819],{"className":50,"code":89818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89820,89821,89850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89822,89823,89825,89827,89829,89831,89833,89835,89837,89839,89841,89844,89846,89848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89824,102],{"class":101},[57,89826,105],{"class":71},[57,89828,170],{"class":169},[57,89830,35097],{"class":173},[57,89832,170],{"class":169},[57,89834,79],{"class":71},[57,89836,65259],{"class":334},[57,89838,68],{"class":67},[57,89840,170],{"class":169},[57,89842,89843],{"class":173},"!",[57,89845,87148],{"class":34683},[57,89847,170],{"class":169},[57,89849,316],{"class":71},[57,89851,89852,89854,89856,89858,89860,89862],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89853,102],{"class":101},[57,89855,105],{"class":71},[57,89857,170],{"class":169},[57,89859,89735],{"class":173},[57,89861,170],{"class":169},[57,89863,316],{"class":71},[20,89865,216],{},[48,89867,89869],{"className":50,"code":89868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89870,89871,89876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89872,89873],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89874,89875],{"class":63},"Hello!\n",[57,89877,89878],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89879,89755],{"class":63},[20,89881,935,89882,89884],{},[15,89883,52879],{}," argument is useful for:",[30,89886,89887,89890,89893],{},[33,89888,89889],{},"progress messages",[33,89891,89892],{},"inline output",[33,89894,89895],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[43,89897,89899,2646,89901],{"id":89898},"print-returns-none",[15,89900,46677],{},[15,89902,1524],{},[20,89904,89905,89906,89908],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89907,46677],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89910,864],{},[48,89912,89914],{"className":50,"code":89913,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89915,89916,89936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89917,89918,89920,89922,89925,89927,89929,89932,89934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89919,1336],{"class":63},[57,89921,68],{"class":67},[57,89923,89924],{"class":101}," print",[57,89926,105],{"class":71},[57,89928,170],{"class":169},[57,89930,89931],{"class":173},"Hi",[57,89933,170],{"class":169},[57,89935,316],{"class":71},[57,89937,89938,89940,89942,89944],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89939,102],{"class":101},[57,89941,105],{"class":71},[57,89943,1368],{"class":113},[57,89945,316],{"class":71},[20,89947,216],{},[48,89949,89951],{"className":50,"code":89950,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89952,89953,89958],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89954,89955],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,89956,89957],{"class":63},"Hi\n",[57,89959,89960],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,89961,12037],{"class":1523},[20,89963,89964],{},"Why does this happen?",[30,89966,89967,89975,89980],{},[33,89968,89969,89972,89973],{},[15,89970,89971],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89974,89931],{},[33,89976,89977,89978],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89979,1524],{},[33,89981,89982,89983,12149,89985],{},"so ",[15,89984,1368],{},[15,89986,1524],{},[20,89988,89989,89990,89992],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89991,46677],{}," call.",[48,89994,89996],{"className":50,"code":89995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89997,89998,90011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,89999,90000,90003,90005,90007,90009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90001,90002],{"class":63},"message ",[57,90004,68],{"class":67},[57,90006,181],{"class":169},[57,90008,89931],{"class":173},[57,90010,3602],{"class":169},[57,90012,90013,90015,90017,90020],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90014,102],{"class":101},[57,90016,105],{"class":71},[57,90018,90019],{"class":113},"message",[57,90021,316],{"class":71},[20,90023,90024,90025,90027,90028,90032],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90026,46677],{}," with functions like ",[614,90029,90030],{"href":8447},[15,90031,3201],{},", which do return a value.",[43,90034,90036,90037],{"id":90035},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90038,46677],{},[20,90040,90041,90042,90044],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90043,46677],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[30,90046,90047,90050,90053,90056],{},[33,90048,90049],{},"to display results to the user",[33,90051,90052],{},"to show messages in a script",[33,90054,90055],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[33,90057,90058],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90060,864],{},[48,90062,90064],{"className":50,"code":90063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90065,90066,90074,90078,90098,90109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90067,90068,90070,90072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90069,41409],{"class":63},[57,90071,68],{"class":67},[57,90073,38741],{"class":75},[57,90075,90076],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90077,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,90079,90080,90082,90084,90086,90088,90090,90092,90094,90096],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,90081,6189],{"class":1962},[57,90083,6616],{"class":63},[57,90085,1969],{"class":1962},[57,90087,54289],{"class":101},[57,90089,105],{"class":71},[57,90091,3231],{"class":75},[57,90093,79],{"class":71},[57,90095,2706],{"class":75},[57,90097,8570],{"class":71},[57,90099,90100,90103,90106],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,90101,90102],{"class":63},"    total ",[57,90104,90105],{"class":67},"+=",[57,90107,90108],{"class":63}," number\n",[57,90110,90111,90113,90115,90117,90120,90122,90124,90126,90128,90130,90132,90134,90136,90138],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,90112,8296],{"class":101},[57,90114,105],{"class":71},[57,90116,170],{"class":169},[57,90118,90119],{"class":173},"Current number:",[57,90121,170],{"class":169},[57,90123,79],{"class":71},[57,90125,2449],{"class":113},[57,90127,79],{"class":71},[57,90129,181],{"class":169},[57,90131,45789],{"class":173},[57,90133,170],{"class":169},[57,90135,79],{"class":71},[57,90137,45796],{"class":113},[57,90139,316],{"class":71},[20,90141,216],{},[48,90143,90145],{"className":50,"code":90144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90146,90147,90163,90177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90148,90149,90152,90154,90156,90159,90161],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90150,90151],{"class":63},"Current number",[57,90153,270],{"class":71},[57,90155,5729],{"class":75},[57,90157,90158],{"class":63}," Total",[57,90160,270],{"class":71},[57,90162,29846],{"class":75},[57,90164,90165,90167,90169,90171,90173,90175],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90166,90151],{"class":63},[57,90168,270],{"class":71},[57,90170,87],{"class":75},[57,90172,90158],{"class":63},[57,90174,270],{"class":71},[57,90176,2823],{"class":75},[57,90178,90179,90181,90183,90185,90187,90189],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,90180,90151],{"class":63},[57,90182,270],{"class":71},[57,90184,1793],{"class":75},[57,90186,90158],{"class":63},[57,90188,270],{"class":71},[57,90190,90191],{"class":75}," 6\n",[20,90193,90194,90195,620],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[614,90196,90198],{"href":90197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[43,90200,1829],{"id":1828},[20,90202,90203,90204,620],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90205,46677],{},[943,90207,90209],{"id":90208},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90211,90212],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[48,90214,90216],{"className":50,"code":90215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90217,90218],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90219,90220,90222,90224,90226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90221,102],{"class":101},[57,90223,105],{"class":71},[57,90225,35097],{"class":113},[57,90227,316],{"class":71},[20,90229,9103,90230,90232],{},[15,90231,35097],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90234,11035],{},[48,90236,90238],{"className":50,"code":90237,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90239,90240],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90241,90242,90244,90246,90248,90250,90252],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90243,102],{"class":101},[57,90245,105],{"class":71},[57,90247,170],{"class":169},[57,90249,35097],{"class":173},[57,90251,170],{"class":169},[57,90253,316],{"class":71},[943,90255,443,90257,90259],{"id":90256},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90258,102],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90261,90262],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[48,90264,90266],{"className":50,"code":90265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90267,90268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90269,90270,90272,90274,90276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90271,102],{"class":101},[57,90273,181],{"class":169},[57,90275,35097],{"class":173},[57,90277,3602],{"class":169},[20,90279,11035],{},[48,90281,90282],{"className":50,"code":90237,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90283,90284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90285,90286,90288,90290,90292,90294,90296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90287,102],{"class":101},[57,90289,105],{"class":71},[57,90291,170],{"class":169},[57,90293,35097],{"class":173},[57,90295,170],{"class":169},[57,90297,316],{"class":71},[943,90299,90301,90302],{"id":90300},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90303,2314],{},[20,90305,90306,90307,620],{},"This causes a ",[15,90308,1539],{},[48,90310,90311],{"className":50,"code":89399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,90312,90313,90321],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90314,90315,90317,90319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90316,21858],{"class":63},[57,90318,68],{"class":67},[57,90320,2832],{"class":75},[57,90322,90323,90325,90327,90329,90331,90333,90335,90337],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90324,102],{"class":101},[57,90326,105],{"class":71},[57,90328,170],{"class":169},[57,90330,89420],{"class":173},[57,90332,170],{"class":169},[57,90334,2703],{"class":67},[57,90336,9415],{"class":113},[57,90338,316],{"class":71},[20,90340,90341],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[48,90343,90345],{"className":50,"code":90344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90346,90347],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90348,90349,90351,90353,90355,90357,90359,90361,90363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90350,102],{"class":101},[57,90352,105],{"class":71},[57,90354,170],{"class":169},[57,90356,89321],{"class":173},[57,90358,170],{"class":169},[57,90360,79],{"class":71},[57,90362,9415],{"class":113},[57,90364,316],{"class":71},[20,90366,90367],{},"Or convert the number first:",[48,90369,90371],{"className":50,"code":90370,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90372,90373],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90374,90375,90377,90379,90381,90383,90385,90387,90389,90391,90393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90376,102],{"class":101},[57,90378,105],{"class":71},[57,90380,170],{"class":169},[57,90382,89420],{"class":173},[57,90384,170],{"class":169},[57,90386,2703],{"class":67},[57,90388,49125],{"class":1102},[57,90390,105],{"class":71},[57,90392,9526],{"class":113},[57,90394,117],{"class":71},[20,90396,90397,90398,620],{},"If you see this error, read ",[614,90399,90401],{"href":90400},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[943,90403,1848,90405,90407],{"id":90404},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90406,46677],{}," to return a value",[20,90409,90410,90411,35560,90414,270],{},"This does not store ",[15,90412,90413],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90415,1368],{},[48,90417,90419],{"className":50,"code":90418,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90420,90421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90422,90423,90425,90427,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90424,1336],{"class":63},[57,90426,68],{"class":67},[57,90428,89924],{"class":101},[57,90430,105],{"class":71},[57,90432,170],{"class":169},[57,90434,35097],{"class":173},[57,90436,170],{"class":169},[57,90438,316],{"class":71},[20,90440,90441,90442,620],{},"It stores ",[15,90443,1524],{},[943,90445,90447,90448,1242,90450],{"id":90446},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90449,89461],{},[15,90451,52879],{},[20,90453,85807],{},[30,90455,90456,90465],{},[33,90457,90458,90460,90461,90464],{},[15,90459,89461],{}," changes what goes ",[1399,90462,90463],{},"between"," multiple values",[33,90466,90467,90469,90470,90473],{},[15,90468,52879],{}," changes what appears ",[1399,90471,90472],{},"after"," the output",[43,90475,90477],{"id":90476},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90479,90480,90481,90483],{},"These simple ",[15,90482,46677],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[48,90485,90487],{"className":50,"code":90486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90488,90489,90509,90524],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90490,90491,90493,90495,90497,90500,90502,90504,90507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90492,102],{"class":101},[57,90494,105],{"class":71},[57,90496,170],{"class":169},[57,90498,90499],{"class":173},"Debug:",[57,90501,170],{"class":169},[57,90503,79],{"class":71},[57,90505,90506],{"class":113}," variable_name",[57,90508,316],{"class":71},[57,90510,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519,90522],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90512,102],{"class":101},[57,90514,105],{"class":71},[57,90516,1886],{"class":1102},[57,90518,105],{"class":71},[57,90520,90521],{"class":113},"variable_name",[57,90523,117],{"class":71},[57,90525,90526,90528,90530,90532],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,90527,32382],{"class":101},[57,90529,105],{"class":71},[57,90531,102],{"class":101},[57,90533,316],{"class":71},[20,90535,90536],{},"What they do:",[30,90538,90539,90545,90551],{},[33,90540,90541,90544],{},[15,90542,90543],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[33,90546,90547,90550],{},[15,90548,90549],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[33,90552,90553,90556,90557],{},[15,90554,90555],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90558,46677],{},[43,90560,2011],{"id":2010},[943,90562,12933,90564,90566],{"id":90563},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90565,46677],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90568,90569,90570,90572,90573,36852],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90571,46677],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90574,52879],{},[943,90576,2025,90578,90580],{"id":90577},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90579,46677],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90582,90583,90584,90586],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90585,46677],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[943,90588,5389,90590,5392,90593,2053],{"id":90589},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90591,90592],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90594,1524],{},[20,90596,29292,90597,90599],{},[15,90598,46677],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[943,90601,90603],{"id":90602},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90605,90606],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[48,90608,90610],{"className":50,"code":90609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90611,90612],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90613,90614,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624,90626,90628],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90615,102],{"class":101},[57,90617,105],{"class":71},[57,90619,170],{"class":169},[57,90621,89321],{"class":173},[57,90623,170],{"class":169},[57,90625,79],{"class":71},[57,90627,6234],{"class":75},[57,90629,316],{"class":71},[20,90631,90632,90633,40158],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90634,47906],{},[943,90636,2119,90638,1242,90640,2053],{"id":90637},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90639,89461],{},[15,90641,52879],{},[30,90643,90644,90649],{},[33,90645,90646,90648],{},[15,90647,89461],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[33,90650,90651,90653],{},[15,90652,52879],{}," changes what appears after the output",[43,90655,2135],{"id":2134},[30,90657,90658,90662,90668,90674,90679,90684],{},[33,90659,90660],{},[614,90661,51197],{"href":51196},[33,90663,90664],{},[614,90665,13,90666,2144],{"href":8447},[15,90667,3201],{},[33,90669,90670],{},[614,90671,13,90672,2144],{"href":42402},[15,90673,47906],{},[33,90675,90676],{},[614,90677,90678],{"href":89687},"How to format strings in Python",[33,90680,90681],{},[614,90682,90683],{"href":90197},"How to debug Python code",[33,90685,90686],{},[614,90687,90401],{"href":90400},[2172,90689,90690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":90692},[90693,90694,90696,90697,90703,90704,90705,90710,90716,90718,90720,90731,90732,90743],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":88865,"depth":98,"text":90695},"What print() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":89101,"depth":98,"text":89102,"children":90698},[90699,90700,90701,90702],{"id":89110,"depth":120,"text":89111},{"id":89151,"depth":120,"text":89152},{"id":89183,"depth":120,"text":89184},{"id":89210,"depth":120,"text":89211},{"id":89252,"depth":98,"text":89253},{"id":89448,"depth":98,"text":89449},{"id":89488,"depth":98,"text":90706,"children":90707},"sep argument",[90708,90709],{"id":89501,"depth":120,"text":89502},{"id":89551,"depth":120,"text":89552},{"id":89691,"depth":98,"text":90711,"children":90712},"end argument",[90713,90714,90715],{"id":89705,"depth":120,"text":89502},{"id":89758,"depth":120,"text":89759},{"id":89814,"depth":120,"text":89815},{"id":89898,"depth":98,"text":90717},"print() returns None",{"id":90035,"depth":98,"text":90719},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":90721},[90722,90723,90725,90727,90729],{"id":90208,"depth":120,"text":90209},{"id":90256,"depth":120,"text":90724},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90300,"depth":120,"text":90726},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90404,"depth":120,"text":90728},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90446,"depth":120,"text":90730},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90476,"depth":98,"text":90477},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":90733},[90734,90736,90738,90740,90741],{"id":90563,"depth":120,"text":90735},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90577,"depth":120,"text":90737},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90589,"depth":120,"text":90739},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90602,"depth":120,"text":90603},{"id":90637,"depth":120,"text":90742},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88748,"description":90744},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90751,"title":90752,"body":90753,"description":93057,"extension":2219,"meta":93058,"navigation":123,"path":93059,"seo":93060,"stem":93061,"__hash__":93062},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90754,"toc":93003},[90755,90760,90765,90778,90780,90845,90856,90861,90866,90868,90891,90894,90925,90927,90944,90949,90955,90960,91009,91012,91029,91035,91040,91063,91065,91093,91099,91107,91134,91136,91161,91167,91170,91201,91203,91232,91236,91239,91244,91266,91268,91296,91302,91308,91334,91336,91360,91366,91372,91402,91404,91432,91442,91446,91452,91485,91487,91516,91519,91522,91555,91557,91565,91571,91573,91596,91601,91610,91615,91629,91631,91671,91673,91703,91707,91742,91748,91752,91796,91798,91828,91834,91837,91916,91918,91940,91948,91951,92014,92022,92097,92103,92110,92115,92120,92143,92145,92166,92168,92181,92183,92230,92232,92271,92280,92282,92286,92290,92293,92320,92323,92352,92355,92379,92382,92390,92396,92418,92420,92448,92452,92457,92512,92517,92519,92576,92583,92592,92595,92627,92629,92637,92640,92646,92648,92671,92674,92680,92683,92702,92704,92723,92726,92748,92750,92778,92782,92786,92891,92893,92906,92908,92914,92917,92925,92930,92936,92942,92947,92955,92961,92968,92970,93000],[10,90756,13,90758,18],{"id":90757},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90759,36430],{},[20,90761,32547,90762,90764],{},[15,90763,36430],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90766,90767,90768,90770,90771,90773,90774,90777],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90769,6189],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90772,36430],{}," stops ",[1399,90775,90776],{},"before"," the end value.",[43,90779,46],{"id":45},[48,90781,90783],{"className":50,"code":90782,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90784,90785,90801,90811,90815,90820,90825,90830,90835,90840],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90786,90787,90789,90791,90793,90795,90797,90799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90788,6189],{"class":1962},[57,90790,69762],{"class":63},[57,90792,1969],{"class":1962},[57,90794,54289],{"class":101},[57,90796,105],{"class":71},[57,90798,2389],{"class":75},[57,90800,8570],{"class":71},[57,90802,90803,90805,90807,90809],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90804,8296],{"class":101},[57,90806,105],{"class":71},[57,90808,36386],{"class":113},[57,90810,316],{"class":71},[57,90812,90813],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,90814,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,90816,90817],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,90818,90819],{"class":3903},"# Output:\n",[57,90821,90822],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,90823,90824],{"class":3903},"# 0\n",[57,90826,90827],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,90828,90829],{"class":3903},"# 1\n",[57,90831,90832],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,90833,90834],{"class":3903},"# 2\n",[57,90836,90837],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,90838,90839],{"class":3903},"# 3\n",[57,90841,90842],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,90843,90844],{"class":3903},"# 4\n",[20,90846,90847,90850,90851,90853,90854,620],{},[15,90848,90849],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90852,1294],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90855,2389],{},[43,90857,262,90859,265],{"id":90858},"what-range-does",[15,90860,36430],{},[20,90862,90863,90865],{},[15,90864,36430],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90867,13282],{},[30,90869,90870,90875,90881,90886],{},[33,90871,90872,90874],{},[15,90873,36430],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[33,90876,90877,90878,90880],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90879,6189],{}," loops",[33,90882,90883,90884],{},"The stop value is ",[1399,90885,65288],{},[33,90887,17652,90888,90890],{},[15,90889,60216],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90892,90893],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[48,90895,90897],{"className":50,"code":90896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90898,90899,90915],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90900,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90902,6189],{"class":1962},[57,90904,6616],{"class":63},[57,90906,1969],{"class":1962},[57,90908,54289],{"class":101},[57,90910,105],{"class":71},[57,90912,76],{"class":75},[57,90914,8570],{"class":71},[57,90916,90917,90919,90921,90923],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90918,8296],{"class":101},[57,90920,105],{"class":71},[57,90922,2490],{"class":113},[57,90924,316],{"class":71},[20,90926,216],{},[48,90928,90930],{"className":50,"code":90929,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90931,90932,90936,90940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90933,90934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90935,1301],{"class":75},[57,90937,90938],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90939,47141],{"class":75},[57,90941,90942],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,90943,17286],{"class":75},[20,90945,90946,90947,620],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[614,90948,36260],{"href":36259},[43,90950,90952,90954],{"id":90951},"range-syntax",[15,90953,36430],{}," syntax",[20,90956,90957,90959],{},[15,90958,36430],{}," has three common forms:",[48,90961,90963],{"className":50,"code":90962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90964,90965,90975,90990],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,90966,90967,90969,90971,90973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,90968,60216],{"class":101},[57,90970,105],{"class":71},[57,90972,75634],{"class":113},[57,90974,316],{"class":71},[57,90976,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90988],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,90978,60216],{"class":101},[57,90980,105],{"class":71},[57,90982,36304],{"class":113},[57,90984,79],{"class":71},[57,90986,90987],{"class":113}," stop",[57,90989,316],{"class":71},[57,90991,90992,90994,90996,90998,91000,91002,91004,91007],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,90993,60216],{"class":101},[57,90995,105],{"class":71},[57,90997,36304],{"class":113},[57,90999,79],{"class":71},[57,91001,90987],{"class":113},[57,91003,79],{"class":71},[57,91005,91006],{"class":113}," step",[57,91008,316],{"class":71},[20,91010,91011],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[30,91013,91014,91019,91024],{},[33,91015,91016,91018],{},[15,91017,36304],{}," = first number",[33,91020,91021,91023],{},[15,91022,75634],{}," = end limit, not included",[33,91025,91026,91028],{},[15,91027,75637],{}," = amount to move each time",[943,91030,91032],{"id":91031},"rangestop",[15,91033,91034],{},"range(stop)",[20,91036,91037,91038,620],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91039,1294],{},[48,91041,91043],{"className":50,"code":91042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91044,91045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91046,91047,91049,91051,91053,91055,91057,91059,91061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91048,102],{"class":101},[57,91050,105],{"class":71},[57,91052,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91054,105],{"class":71},[57,91056,60216],{"class":101},[57,91058,105],{"class":71},[57,91060,2389],{"class":75},[57,91062,1225],{"class":71},[20,91064,216],{},[48,91066,91067],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91068,91069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91070,91071,91073,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91072,1785],{"class":71},[57,91074,1294],{"class":75},[57,91076,79],{"class":71},[57,91078,5729],{"class":75},[57,91080,79],{"class":71},[57,91082,87],{"class":75},[57,91084,79],{"class":71},[57,91086,1793],{"class":75},[57,91088,79],{"class":71},[57,91090,2706],{"class":75},[57,91092,95],{"class":71},[943,91094,91096],{"id":91095},"rangestart-stop",[15,91097,91098],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91100,91101,91102,91104,91105,620],{},"This starts at ",[15,91103,36304],{}," and stops before ",[15,91106,75634],{},[48,91108,91110],{"className":50,"code":91109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91111,91112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91113,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91115,102],{"class":101},[57,91117,105],{"class":71},[57,91119,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91121,105],{"class":71},[57,91123,60216],{"class":101},[57,91125,105],{"class":71},[57,91127,1788],{"class":75},[57,91129,79],{"class":71},[57,91131,37874],{"class":75},[57,91133,1225],{"class":71},[20,91135,216],{},[48,91137,91139],{"className":50,"code":91138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91140,91141],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91142,91143,91145,91147,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91144,1785],{"class":71},[57,91146,1788],{"class":75},[57,91148,79],{"class":71},[57,91150,1793],{"class":75},[57,91152,79],{"class":71},[57,91154,2706],{"class":75},[57,91156,79],{"class":71},[57,91158,92],{"class":75},[57,91160,95],{"class":71},[943,91162,91164],{"id":91163},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91165,91166],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91168,91169],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[48,91171,91173],{"className":50,"code":91172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91174,91175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91176,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91178,102],{"class":101},[57,91180,105],{"class":71},[57,91182,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91184,105],{"class":71},[57,91186,60216],{"class":101},[57,91188,105],{"class":71},[57,91190,3231],{"class":75},[57,91192,79],{"class":71},[57,91194,6234],{"class":75},[57,91196,79],{"class":71},[57,91198,87],{"class":75},[57,91200,1225],{"class":71},[20,91202,216],{},[48,91204,91206],{"className":50,"code":91205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91207,91208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91209,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91211,1785],{"class":71},[57,91213,3231],{"class":75},[57,91215,79],{"class":71},[57,91217,1793],{"class":75},[57,91219,79],{"class":71},[57,91221,92],{"class":75},[57,91223,79],{"class":71},[57,91225,657],{"class":75},[57,91227,79],{"class":71},[57,91229,54355],{"class":75},[57,91231,95],{"class":71},[43,91233,91235],{"id":91234},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91237,91238],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[943,91240,91242],{"id":91241},"range5",[15,91243,90849],{},[48,91245,91246],{"className":50,"code":91042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91247,91248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91249,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91251,102],{"class":101},[57,91253,105],{"class":71},[57,91255,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91257,105],{"class":71},[57,91259,60216],{"class":101},[57,91261,105],{"class":71},[57,91263,2389],{"class":75},[57,91265,1225],{"class":71},[20,91267,216],{},[48,91269,91270],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91271,91272],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91273,91274,91276,91278,91280,91282,91284,91286,91288,91290,91292,91294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91275,1785],{"class":71},[57,91277,1294],{"class":75},[57,91279,79],{"class":71},[57,91281,5729],{"class":75},[57,91283,79],{"class":71},[57,91285,87],{"class":75},[57,91287,79],{"class":71},[57,91289,1793],{"class":75},[57,91291,79],{"class":71},[57,91293,2706],{"class":75},[57,91295,95],{"class":71},[20,91297,91101,91298,91104,91300,620],{},[15,91299,1294],{},[15,91301,2389],{},[943,91303,91305],{"id":91304},"range2-6",[15,91306,91307],{},"range(2, 6)",[48,91309,91310],{"className":50,"code":91109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91311,91312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91313,91314,91316,91318,91320,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91315,102],{"class":101},[57,91317,105],{"class":71},[57,91319,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91321,105],{"class":71},[57,91323,60216],{"class":101},[57,91325,105],{"class":71},[57,91327,1788],{"class":75},[57,91329,79],{"class":71},[57,91331,37874],{"class":75},[57,91333,1225],{"class":71},[20,91335,216],{},[48,91337,91338],{"className":50,"code":91138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91339,91340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91341,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91343,1785],{"class":71},[57,91345,1788],{"class":75},[57,91347,79],{"class":71},[57,91349,1793],{"class":75},[57,91351,79],{"class":71},[57,91353,2706],{"class":75},[57,91355,79],{"class":71},[57,91357,92],{"class":75},[57,91359,95],{"class":71},[20,91361,91101,91362,91104,91364,620],{},[15,91363,1788],{},[15,91365,80796],{},[943,91367,91369],{"id":91368},"range1-10-2",[15,91370,91371],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[48,91373,91374],{"className":50,"code":91172,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91375,91376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91377,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388,91390,91392,91394,91396,91398,91400],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91379,102],{"class":101},[57,91381,105],{"class":71},[57,91383,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91385,105],{"class":71},[57,91387,60216],{"class":101},[57,91389,105],{"class":71},[57,91391,3231],{"class":75},[57,91393,79],{"class":71},[57,91395,6234],{"class":75},[57,91397,79],{"class":71},[57,91399,87],{"class":75},[57,91401,1225],{"class":71},[20,91403,216],{},[48,91405,91406],{"className":50,"code":91205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91407,91408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91409,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91411,1785],{"class":71},[57,91413,3231],{"class":75},[57,91415,79],{"class":71},[57,91417,1793],{"class":75},[57,91419,79],{"class":71},[57,91421,92],{"class":75},[57,91423,79],{"class":71},[57,91425,657],{"class":75},[57,91427,79],{"class":71},[57,91429,54355],{"class":75},[57,91431,95],{"class":71},[20,91433,91434,91435,91437,91438,61519,91440,620],{},"This moves by ",[15,91436,1788],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91439,3231],{},[15,91441,2397],{},[943,91443,91445],{"id":91444},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91447,91448,91449,91451],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91450,36430],{}," count backward.",[48,91453,91455],{"className":50,"code":91454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91456,91457],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91458,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91460,102],{"class":101},[57,91462,105],{"class":71},[57,91464,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91466,105],{"class":71},[57,91468,60216],{"class":101},[57,91470,105],{"class":71},[57,91472,2389],{"class":75},[57,91474,79],{"class":71},[57,91476,4072],{"class":75},[57,91478,79],{"class":71},[57,91480,2474],{"class":67},[57,91482,3231],{"class":75},[57,91484,1225],{"class":71},[20,91486,216],{},[48,91488,91490],{"className":50,"code":91489,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91491,91492],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91493,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91495,1785],{"class":71},[57,91497,2389],{"class":75},[57,91499,79],{"class":71},[57,91501,2706],{"class":75},[57,91503,79],{"class":71},[57,91505,1793],{"class":75},[57,91507,79],{"class":71},[57,91509,87],{"class":75},[57,91511,79],{"class":71},[57,91513,5729],{"class":75},[57,91515,95],{"class":71},[20,91517,91518],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91520,91521],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[48,91523,91525],{"className":50,"code":91524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91526,91527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91528,91529,91531,91533,91535,91537,91539,91541,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91530,102],{"class":101},[57,91532,105],{"class":71},[57,91534,8321],{"class":1102},[57,91536,105],{"class":71},[57,91538,60216],{"class":101},[57,91540,105],{"class":71},[57,91542,3231],{"class":75},[57,91544,79],{"class":71},[57,91546,92],{"class":75},[57,91548,79],{"class":71},[57,91550,2474],{"class":67},[57,91552,3231],{"class":75},[57,91554,1225],{"class":71},[20,91556,216],{},[48,91558,91559],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91560,91561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91562,91563],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91564,38526],{"class":71},[943,91566,91567,76797,91569],{"id":77021},[15,91568,75637],{},[15,91570,1294],{},[20,91572,3080],{},[48,91574,91576],{"className":50,"code":91575,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91577,91578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91579,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91581,60216],{"class":101},[57,91583,105],{"class":71},[57,91585,3231],{"class":75},[57,91587,79],{"class":71},[57,91589,92],{"class":75},[57,91591,79],{"class":71},[57,91593,4072],{"class":75},[57,91595,316],{"class":71},[20,91597,77066,91598,91600],{},[15,91599,1420],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[43,91602,443,91604,91606,91607,91609],{"id":91603},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91605,36430],{}," in a ",[15,91608,6189],{}," loop",[20,91611,91612,91614],{},[15,91613,36430],{}," is most useful when:",[30,91616,91617,91620,91623],{},[33,91618,91619],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[33,91621,91622],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[33,91624,91625,91626],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91627,91628],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91630,864],{},[48,91632,91634],{"className":50,"code":91633,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91635,91636,91652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91637,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91639,6189],{"class":1962},[57,91641,69762],{"class":63},[57,91643,1969],{"class":1962},[57,91645,54289],{"class":101},[57,91647,105],{"class":71},[57,91649,76],{"class":75},[57,91651,8570],{"class":71},[57,91653,91654,91656,91658,91660,91663,91665,91667,91669],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91655,8296],{"class":101},[57,91657,105],{"class":71},[57,91659,170],{"class":169},[57,91661,91662],{"class":173},"Loop number:",[57,91664,170],{"class":169},[57,91666,79],{"class":71},[57,91668,36361],{"class":113},[57,91670,316],{"class":71},[20,91672,216],{},[48,91674,91676],{"className":50,"code":91675,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91677,91678,91687,91695],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91679,91680,91683,91685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91681,91682],{"class":63},"Loop number",[57,91684,270],{"class":71},[57,91686,38741],{"class":75},[57,91688,91689,91691,91693],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91690,91682],{"class":63},[57,91692,270],{"class":71},[57,91694,29846],{"class":75},[57,91696,91697,91699,91701],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,91698,91682],{"class":63},[57,91700,270],{"class":71},[57,91702,45815],{"class":75},[943,91704,91706],{"id":91705},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[48,91708,91710],{"className":50,"code":91709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91711,91712,91728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91713,91714,91716,91718,91720,91722,91724,91726],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91715,6189],{"class":1962},[57,91717,69762],{"class":63},[57,91719,1969],{"class":1962},[57,91721,54289],{"class":101},[57,91723,105],{"class":71},[57,91725,2389],{"class":75},[57,91727,8570],{"class":71},[57,91729,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738,91740],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91731,8296],{"class":101},[57,91733,105],{"class":71},[57,91735,170],{"class":169},[57,91737,35097],{"class":173},[57,91739,170],{"class":169},[57,91741,316],{"class":71},[20,91743,91744,91745,91747],{},"This prints ",[15,91746,90413],{}," five times.",[943,91749,91751],{"id":91750},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[48,91753,91755],{"className":50,"code":91754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91756,91757,91777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91758,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91760,6189],{"class":1962},[57,91762,69762],{"class":63},[57,91764,1969],{"class":1962},[57,91766,54289],{"class":101},[57,91768,105],{"class":71},[57,91770,3231],{"class":75},[57,91772,79],{"class":71},[57,91774,2706],{"class":75},[57,91776,8570],{"class":71},[57,91778,91779,91781,91783,91785,91788,91790,91792,91794],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91780,8296],{"class":101},[57,91782,105],{"class":71},[57,91784,170],{"class":169},[57,91786,91787],{"class":173},"Current number is",[57,91789,170],{"class":169},[57,91791,79],{"class":71},[57,91793,36361],{"class":113},[57,91795,316],{"class":71},[20,91797,216],{},[48,91799,91801],{"className":50,"code":91800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91802,91803,91812,91820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91804,91805,91808,91810],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91806,91807],{"class":63},"Current number ",[57,91809,1481],{"class":67},[57,91811,29846],{"class":75},[57,91813,91814,91816,91818],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91815,91807],{"class":63},[57,91817,1481],{"class":67},[57,91819,45815],{"class":75},[57,91821,91822,91824,91826],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,91823,91807],{"class":63},[57,91825,1481],{"class":67},[57,91827,2823],{"class":75},[943,91829,91831,91833],{"id":91830},"range-and-indexing",[15,91832,36430],{}," and indexing",[20,91835,91836],{},"You may see code like this:",[48,91838,91840],{"className":50,"code":91839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91841,91842,91874,91878,91898],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91843,91844,91846,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864,91866,91868,91870,91872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91845,1147],{"class":63},[57,91847,68],{"class":67},[57,91849,72],{"class":71},[57,91851,170],{"class":169},[57,91853,614],{"class":173},[57,91855,170],{"class":169},[57,91857,79],{"class":71},[57,91859,181],{"class":169},[57,91861,4993],{"class":173},[57,91863,170],{"class":169},[57,91865,79],{"class":71},[57,91867,181],{"class":169},[57,91869,9966],{"class":173},[57,91871,170],{"class":169},[57,91873,95],{"class":71},[57,91875,91876],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91877,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,91879,91880,91882,91884,91886,91888,91890,91892,91894,91896],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,91881,6189],{"class":1962},[57,91883,69762],{"class":63},[57,91885,1969],{"class":1962},[57,91887,54289],{"class":101},[57,91889,105],{"class":71},[57,91891,1007],{"class":101},[57,91893,105],{"class":71},[57,91895,1199],{"class":113},[57,91897,69777],{"class":71},[57,91899,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,91901,8296],{"class":101},[57,91903,105],{"class":71},[57,91905,36386],{"class":113},[57,91907,79],{"class":71},[57,91909,1972],{"class":113},[57,91911,1785],{"class":71},[57,91913,36386],{"class":113},[57,91915,1975],{"class":71},[20,91917,216],{},[48,91919,91920],{"className":50,"code":36398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,91921,91922,91928,91934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91923,91924,91926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91925,1294],{"class":75},[57,91927,36407],{"class":63},[57,91929,91930,91932],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91931,3231],{"class":75},[57,91933,36414],{"class":63},[57,91935,91936,91938],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,91937,1788],{"class":75},[57,91939,36421],{"class":63},[20,91941,91942,91943,91947],{},"This works, and it uses ",[614,91944,91945],{"href":1037},[15,91946,1033],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91949,91950],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[48,91952,91954],{"className":50,"code":91953,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91955,91956,91988,91992,92004],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,91957,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,91959,1147],{"class":63},[57,91961,68],{"class":67},[57,91963,72],{"class":71},[57,91965,170],{"class":169},[57,91967,614],{"class":173},[57,91969,170],{"class":169},[57,91971,79],{"class":71},[57,91973,181],{"class":169},[57,91975,4993],{"class":173},[57,91977,170],{"class":169},[57,91979,79],{"class":71},[57,91981,181],{"class":169},[57,91983,9966],{"class":173},[57,91985,170],{"class":169},[57,91987,95],{"class":71},[57,91989,91990],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,91991,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,91993,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,91995,6189],{"class":1962},[57,91997,6192],{"class":63},[57,91999,1969],{"class":1962},[57,92001,1972],{"class":63},[57,92003,6623],{"class":71},[57,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,92007,8296],{"class":101},[57,92009,105],{"class":71},[57,92011,23541],{"class":113},[57,92013,316],{"class":71},[20,92015,36825,92016,92021],{},[614,92017,92019],{"href":92018},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92020,35980],{}," is usually a better choice:",[48,92023,92025],{"className":50,"code":92024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92026,92027,92059,92063,92083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92028,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92030,1147],{"class":63},[57,92032,68],{"class":67},[57,92034,72],{"class":71},[57,92036,170],{"class":169},[57,92038,614],{"class":173},[57,92040,170],{"class":169},[57,92042,79],{"class":71},[57,92044,181],{"class":169},[57,92046,4993],{"class":173},[57,92048,170],{"class":169},[57,92050,79],{"class":71},[57,92052,181],{"class":169},[57,92054,9966],{"class":173},[57,92056,170],{"class":169},[57,92058,95],{"class":71},[57,92060,92061],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,92062,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,92064,92065,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079,92081],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,92066,6189],{"class":1962},[57,92068,36052],{"class":63},[57,92070,79],{"class":71},[57,92072,6192],{"class":63},[57,92074,1969],{"class":1962},[57,92076,36062],{"class":101},[57,92078,105],{"class":71},[57,92080,1199],{"class":113},[57,92082,8570],{"class":71},[57,92084,92085,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,92086,8296],{"class":101},[57,92088,105],{"class":71},[57,92090,36077],{"class":113},[57,92092,79],{"class":71},[57,92094,29738],{"class":113},[57,92096,316],{"class":71},[20,92098,79322,92099,620],{},[614,92100,36838,92101,36841],{"href":36837},[15,92102,35980],{},[43,92104,92106,92107,92109],{"id":92105},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92108,36430],{}," to a list",[20,92111,92112,92114],{},[15,92113,36430],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92116,92117,92118,270],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92119,25011],{},[48,92121,92123],{"className":50,"code":92122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92124,92125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92126,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139,92141],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92128,102],{"class":101},[57,92130,105],{"class":71},[57,92132,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92134,105],{"class":71},[57,92136,60216],{"class":101},[57,92138,105],{"class":71},[57,92140,76],{"class":75},[57,92142,1225],{"class":71},[20,92144,216],{},[48,92146,92148],{"className":50,"code":92147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92149,92150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92151,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92153,1785],{"class":71},[57,92155,1294],{"class":75},[57,92157,79],{"class":71},[57,92159,5729],{"class":75},[57,92161,79],{"class":71},[57,92163,87],{"class":75},[57,92165,95],{"class":71},[20,92167,33542],{},[30,92169,92170,92175,92178],{},[33,92171,92172,92173,42312],{},"learning how ",[15,92174,36430],{},[33,92176,92177],{},"checking your values",[33,92179,92180],{},"debugging code",[20,92182,5703],{},[48,92184,92186],{"className":50,"code":92185,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92187,92188,92202,92206,92216],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92189,92190,92192,92194,92196,92198,92200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92191,64],{"class":63},[57,92193,68],{"class":67},[57,92195,54289],{"class":101},[57,92197,105],{"class":71},[57,92199,647],{"class":75},[57,92201,316],{"class":71},[57,92203,92204],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,92205,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,92207,92208,92210,92212,92214],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,92209,102],{"class":101},[57,92211,105],{"class":71},[57,92213,114],{"class":113},[57,92215,316],{"class":71},[57,92217,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,92219,102],{"class":101},[57,92221,105],{"class":71},[57,92223,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92225,105],{"class":71},[57,92227,114],{"class":113},[57,92229,117],{"class":71},[20,92231,216],{},[48,92233,92235],{"className":50,"code":92234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92236,92237,92251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92238,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92240,60216],{"class":101},[57,92242,105],{"class":71},[57,92244,1294],{"class":75},[57,92246,79],{"class":71},[57,92248,2706],{"class":75},[57,92250,316],{"class":71},[57,92252,92253,92255,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265,92267,92269],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,92254,1785],{"class":71},[57,92256,1294],{"class":75},[57,92258,79],{"class":71},[57,92260,5729],{"class":75},[57,92262,79],{"class":71},[57,92264,87],{"class":75},[57,92266,79],{"class":71},[57,92268,1793],{"class":75},[57,92270,95],{"class":71},[20,92272,92273,92274,1682,92276,92279],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92275,60216],{},[15,92277,92278],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[43,92281,4751],{"id":4750},[20,92283,33771,92284,620],{},[15,92285,36430],{},[943,92287,92289],{"id":92288},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92291,92292],{},"Many beginners think this:",[48,92294,92296],{"className":50,"code":92295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92297,92298],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92299,92300,92302,92304,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92301,102],{"class":101},[57,92303,105],{"class":71},[57,92305,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92307,105],{"class":71},[57,92309,60216],{"class":101},[57,92311,105],{"class":71},[57,92313,3231],{"class":75},[57,92315,79],{"class":71},[57,92317,92],{"class":75},[57,92319,1225],{"class":71},[20,92321,92322],{},"will produce:",[48,92324,92326],{"className":50,"code":92325,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92327,92328],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92329,92330,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92331,1785],{"class":71},[57,92333,3231],{"class":75},[57,92335,79],{"class":71},[57,92337,87],{"class":75},[57,92339,79],{"class":71},[57,92341,1793],{"class":75},[57,92343,79],{"class":71},[57,92345,2706],{"class":75},[57,92347,79],{"class":71},[57,92349,92],{"class":75},[57,92351,95],{"class":71},[20,92353,92354],{},"But the real output is:",[48,92356,92357],{"className":50,"code":53724,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92358,92359],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92360,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92362,1785],{"class":71},[57,92364,3231],{"class":75},[57,92366,79],{"class":71},[57,92368,87],{"class":75},[57,92370,79],{"class":71},[57,92372,1793],{"class":75},[57,92374,79],{"class":71},[57,92376,2706],{"class":75},[57,92378,95],{"class":71},[20,92380,92381],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[943,92383,4812,92385,92387,92388],{"id":92384},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92386,90849],{}," starts at ",[15,92389,3231],{},[20,92391,37698,92392,19195,92394,620],{},[15,92393,1294],{},[15,92395,3231],{},[48,92397,92398],{"className":50,"code":91042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92399,92400],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92401,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92403,102],{"class":101},[57,92405,105],{"class":71},[57,92407,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92409,105],{"class":71},[57,92411,60216],{"class":101},[57,92413,105],{"class":71},[57,92415,2389],{"class":75},[57,92417,1225],{"class":71},[20,92419,216],{},[48,92421,92422],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92423,92424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92425,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92427,1785],{"class":71},[57,92429,1294],{"class":75},[57,92431,79],{"class":71},[57,92433,5729],{"class":75},[57,92435,79],{"class":71},[57,92437,87],{"class":75},[57,92439,79],{"class":71},[57,92441,1793],{"class":75},[57,92443,79],{"class":71},[57,92445,2706],{"class":75},[57,92447,95],{"class":71},[943,92449,92451],{"id":92450},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92453,92454,92455,270],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92456,3201],{},[48,92458,92460],{"className":50,"code":92459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92461,92462,92481,92485,92502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92463,92464,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92465,92466],{"class":63},"user_number ",[57,92468,68],{"class":67},[57,92470,8470],{"class":101},[57,92472,105],{"class":71},[57,92474,170],{"class":169},[57,92476,42098],{"class":173},[57,92478,170],{"class":169},[57,92480,316],{"class":71},[57,92482,92483],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,92484,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,92486,92487,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92500],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,92488,6189],{"class":1962},[57,92490,69762],{"class":63},[57,92492,1969],{"class":1962},[57,92494,54289],{"class":101},[57,92496,105],{"class":71},[57,92498,92499],{"class":113},"user_number",[57,92501,8570],{"class":71},[57,92503,92504,92506,92508,92510],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,92505,8296],{"class":101},[57,92507,105],{"class":71},[57,92509,36386],{"class":113},[57,92511,316],{"class":71},[20,92513,48731,92514,92516],{},[15,92515,3201],{}," returns a string.",[20,92518,11035],{},[48,92520,92522],{"className":50,"code":92521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92523,92524,92546,92550,92566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92525,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92527,92466],{"class":63},[57,92529,68],{"class":67},[57,92531,45502],{"class":1102},[57,92533,105],{"class":71},[57,92535,42688],{"class":101},[57,92537,105],{"class":71},[57,92539,170],{"class":169},[57,92541,42098],{"class":173},[57,92543,170],{"class":169},[57,92545,117],{"class":71},[57,92547,92548],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,92549,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,92551,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,92553,6189],{"class":1962},[57,92555,69762],{"class":63},[57,92557,1969],{"class":1962},[57,92559,54289],{"class":101},[57,92561,105],{"class":71},[57,92563,92499],{"class":113},[57,92565,8570],{"class":71},[57,92567,92568,92570,92572,92574],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,92569,8296],{"class":101},[57,92571,105],{"class":71},[57,92573,36386],{"class":113},[57,92575,316],{"class":71},[20,92577,92578,92579,620],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[614,92580,50744,92581],{"href":50743},[15,92582,50747],{},[943,92584,92586,92587,92589,92590],{"id":92585},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92588,36304],{}," smaller than ",[15,92591,75634],{},[20,92593,92594],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[48,92596,92597],{"className":50,"code":91524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92598,92599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92600,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92602,102],{"class":101},[57,92604,105],{"class":71},[57,92606,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92608,105],{"class":71},[57,92610,60216],{"class":101},[57,92612,105],{"class":71},[57,92614,3231],{"class":75},[57,92616,79],{"class":71},[57,92618,92],{"class":75},[57,92620,79],{"class":71},[57,92622,2474],{"class":67},[57,92624,3231],{"class":75},[57,92626,1225],{"class":71},[20,92628,216],{},[48,92630,92631],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92632,92633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92634,92635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92636,38526],{"class":71},[20,92638,92639],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[943,92641,25847,92643],{"id":92642},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92644,92645],{},"step = 0",[20,92647,77777],{},[48,92649,92651],{"className":50,"code":92650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92652,92653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92654,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667,92669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92656,60216],{"class":101},[57,92658,105],{"class":71},[57,92660,3231],{"class":75},[57,92662,79],{"class":71},[57,92664,6234],{"class":75},[57,92666,79],{"class":71},[57,92668,4072],{"class":75},[57,92670,316],{"class":71},[20,92672,92673],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[943,92675,4936,92677,92679],{"id":92676},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92678,36430],{}," is not a list",[20,92681,92682],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[48,92684,92686],{"className":50,"code":92685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92687,92688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92689,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92691,102],{"class":101},[57,92693,105],{"class":71},[57,92695,60216],{"class":101},[57,92697,105],{"class":71},[57,92699,2389],{"class":75},[57,92701,117],{"class":71},[20,92703,216],{},[48,92705,92707],{"className":50,"code":92706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92708,92709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92710,92711,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92712,60216],{"class":101},[57,92714,105],{"class":71},[57,92716,1294],{"class":75},[57,92718,79],{"class":71},[57,92720,92],{"class":75},[57,92722,316],{"class":71},[20,92724,92725],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[48,92727,92728],{"className":50,"code":91042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92729,92730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92731,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92733,102],{"class":101},[57,92735,105],{"class":71},[57,92737,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92739,105],{"class":71},[57,92741,60216],{"class":101},[57,92743,105],{"class":71},[57,92745,2389],{"class":75},[57,92747,1225],{"class":71},[20,92749,216],{},[48,92751,92752],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,92753,92754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92755,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768,92770,92772,92774,92776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92757,1785],{"class":71},[57,92759,1294],{"class":75},[57,92761,79],{"class":71},[57,92763,5729],{"class":75},[57,92765,79],{"class":71},[57,92767,87],{"class":75},[57,92769,79],{"class":71},[57,92771,1793],{"class":75},[57,92773,79],{"class":71},[57,92775,2706],{"class":75},[57,92777,95],{"class":71},[43,92779,92781],{"id":92780},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92783,9103,92784,82542],{},[15,92785,36430],{},[48,92787,92789],{"className":50,"code":92788,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92790,92791,92805,92823,92845,92873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,92792,92793,92795,92797,92799,92801,92803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,92794,102],{"class":101},[57,92796,105],{"class":71},[57,92798,60216],{"class":101},[57,92800,105],{"class":71},[57,92802,2389],{"class":75},[57,92804,117],{"class":71},[57,92806,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,92808,102],{"class":101},[57,92810,105],{"class":71},[57,92812,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92814,105],{"class":71},[57,92816,60216],{"class":101},[57,92818,105],{"class":71},[57,92820,2389],{"class":75},[57,92822,1225],{"class":71},[57,92824,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,92826,102],{"class":101},[57,92828,105],{"class":71},[57,92830,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92832,105],{"class":71},[57,92834,60216],{"class":101},[57,92836,105],{"class":71},[57,92838,1788],{"class":75},[57,92840,79],{"class":71},[57,92842,82],{"class":75},[57,92844,1225],{"class":71},[57,92846,92847,92849,92851,92853,92855,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867,92869,92871],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,92848,102],{"class":101},[57,92850,105],{"class":71},[57,92852,8321],{"class":1102},[57,92854,105],{"class":71},[57,92856,60216],{"class":101},[57,92858,105],{"class":71},[57,92860,1561],{"class":75},[57,92862,79],{"class":71},[57,92864,4072],{"class":75},[57,92866,79],{"class":71},[57,92868,2474],{"class":67},[57,92870,1788],{"class":75},[57,92872,1225],{"class":71},[57,92874,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,92876,102],{"class":101},[57,92878,105],{"class":71},[57,92880,1886],{"class":1102},[57,92882,105],{"class":71},[57,92884,60216],{"class":101},[57,92886,105],{"class":71},[57,92888,2389],{"class":75},[57,92890,1225],{"class":71},[20,92892,26239],{},[30,92894,92895,92898,92901],{},[33,92896,92897],{},"what values are being created",[33,92899,92900],{},"whether the direction is correct",[33,92902,92903,92904,24848],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92905,60216],{},[43,92907,2011],{"id":2010},[943,92909,12933,92911,92913],{"id":92910},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92912,36430],{}," include the last number?",[20,92915,92916],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[943,92918,5389,92920,92922,92923,2053],{"id":92919},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92921,90849],{}," start at ",[15,92924,1294],{},[20,92926,92927,92928,620],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92929,1294],{},[943,92931,2025,92933,92935],{"id":92932},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92934,36430],{}," count backward?",[20,92937,92938,92939,620],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92940,92941],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[943,92943,15133,92945,26274],{"id":92944},"is-range-a-list",[15,92946,36430],{},[20,92948,26277,92949,92951,92952,24169],{},[15,92950,60216],{}," object. Use ",[15,92953,92954],{},"list(range(...))",[943,92956,5389,92958,48905],{"id":92957},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92959,92960],{},"range(input())",[20,92962,92963,3727,92965,620],{},[15,92964,3201],{},[15,92966,92967],{},"int(input())",[43,92969,2135],{"id":2134},[30,92971,92972,92976,92982,92988,92994],{},[33,92973,92974],{},[614,92975,36260],{"href":36259},[33,92977,92978],{},[614,92979,13,92980,2144],{"href":1037},[15,92981,1033],{},[33,92983,92984],{},[614,92985,13,92986,2144],{"href":92018},[15,92987,35980],{},[33,92989,92990],{},[614,92991,37749,92992,36841],{"href":36837},[15,92993,35980],{},[33,92995,92996],{},[614,92997,50744,92998],{"href":50743},[15,92999,50747],{},[2172,93001,93002],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":93004},[93005,93006,93008,93014,93022,93029,93031,93043,93044,93056],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":90858,"depth":98,"text":93007},"What range() does",{"id":90951,"depth":98,"text":93009,"children":93010},"range() syntax",[93011,93012,93013],{"id":91031,"depth":120,"text":91034},{"id":91095,"depth":120,"text":91098},{"id":91163,"depth":120,"text":91166},{"id":91234,"depth":98,"text":91235,"children":93015},[93016,93017,93018,93019,93020],{"id":91241,"depth":120,"text":90849},{"id":91304,"depth":120,"text":91307},{"id":91368,"depth":120,"text":91371},{"id":91444,"depth":120,"text":91445},{"id":77021,"depth":120,"text":93021},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91603,"depth":98,"text":93023,"children":93024},"Using range() in a for loop",[93025,93026,93027],{"id":91705,"depth":120,"text":91706},{"id":91750,"depth":120,"text":91751},{"id":91830,"depth":120,"text":93028},"range() and indexing",{"id":92105,"depth":98,"text":93030},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":93032},[93033,93034,93036,93037,93039,93041],{"id":92288,"depth":120,"text":92289},{"id":92384,"depth":120,"text":93035},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92450,"depth":120,"text":92451},{"id":92585,"depth":120,"text":93038},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92642,"depth":120,"text":93040},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92676,"depth":120,"text":93042},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92780,"depth":98,"text":92781},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":93045},[93046,93048,93050,93052,93054],{"id":92910,"depth":120,"text":93047},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92919,"depth":120,"text":93049},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92932,"depth":120,"text":93051},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92944,"depth":120,"text":93053},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92957,"depth":120,"text":93055},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90752,"description":93057},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93064,"title":93065,"body":93066,"description":94739,"extension":2219,"meta":94740,"navigation":123,"path":94741,"seo":94742,"stem":94743,"__hash__":94744},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93067,"toc":94712},[93068,93077,93084,93101,93117,93119,93168,93176,93180,93183,93203,93205,93269,93271,93314,93317,93363,93365,93398,93408,93414,93422,93439,93441,93472,93474,93499,93504,93515,93518,93588,93590,93621,93626,93631,93648,93650,93701,93703,93736,93739,93746,93751,93755,93771,93773,93817,93819,93865,93868,93881,93886,93890,93904,93906,93957,93959,93992,93997,93999,94006,94008,94031,94033,94098,94100,94117,94120,94153,94155,94183,94193,94200,94204,94207,94225,94228,94256,94259,94277,94282,94288,94291,94313,94315,94343,94345,94348,94373,94376,94489,94491,94570,94572,94578,94583,94591,94599,94603,94606,94608,94641,94643,94651,94657,94664,94671,94674,94676,94709],[10,93069,13,93071,1682,93073,93076],{"id":93070},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93072,36430],{},[15,93074,93075],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93078,93079,1242,93081,93083],{},[15,93080,36430],{},[15,93082,93075],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[30,93085,93086,93094],{},[33,93087,93088,93090,93091],{},[15,93089,36430],{}," creates a ",[1399,93092,93093],{},"range object",[33,93095,93096,93090,93098],{},[15,93097,93075],{},[1399,93099,93100],{},"real list",[20,93102,93103,93104,93106,93107,93110,93111,93113,93114,93116],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93105,90849],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93108,93109],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93112,36430],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93115,93075],{}," when you actually need a list.",[43,93118,3850],{"id":3849},[48,93120,93122],{"className":50,"code":93121,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93123,93124,93138,93151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93125,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93127,64],{"class":63},[57,93129,68],{"class":67},[57,93131,54289],{"class":101},[57,93133,105],{"class":71},[57,93135,2389],{"class":75},[57,93137,316],{"class":71},[57,93139,93140,93142,93144,93146,93148],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93141,102],{"class":101},[57,93143,105],{"class":71},[57,93145,114],{"class":113},[57,93147,1959],{"class":71},[57,93149,93150],{"class":3903},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[57,93152,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93154,102],{"class":101},[57,93156,105],{"class":71},[57,93158,8321],{"class":1102},[57,93160,105],{"class":71},[57,93162,114],{"class":113},[57,93164,5592],{"class":71},[57,93166,93167],{"class":3903},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93169,1806,93170,93172,93173,93175],{},[15,93171,36430],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93174,93075],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[43,93177,93179],{"id":93178},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93181,93182],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[30,93184,93185,93192,93197,93200],{},[33,93186,93187,22205,93189,93191],{},[15,93188,36430],{},[1399,93190,93093],{},", not a list",[33,93193,93194,93196],{},[15,93195,93075],{}," converts that range object into a list",[33,93198,93199],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[33,93201,93202],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93204,864],{},[48,93206,93208],{"className":50,"code":93207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93209,93210,93225,93244,93248,93258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93211,93212,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93213,93214],{"class":63},"r ",[57,93216,68],{"class":67},[57,93218,54289],{"class":101},[57,93220,105],{"class":71},[57,93222,2389],{"class":75},[57,93224,316],{"class":71},[57,93226,93227,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238,93240,93242],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93228,93229],{"class":63},"lst ",[57,93231,68],{"class":67},[57,93233,22790],{"class":1102},[57,93235,105],{"class":71},[57,93237,60216],{"class":101},[57,93239,105],{"class":71},[57,93241,2389],{"class":75},[57,93243,117],{"class":71},[57,93245,93246],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93247,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,93249,93250,93252,93254,93256],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,93251,102],{"class":101},[57,93253,105],{"class":71},[57,93255,60723],{"class":113},[57,93257,316],{"class":71},[57,93259,93260,93262,93264,93267],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,93261,102],{"class":101},[57,93263,105],{"class":71},[57,93265,93266],{"class":113},"lst",[57,93268,316],{"class":71},[20,93270,216],{},[48,93272,93274],{"className":50,"code":93273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93275,93276,93290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93277,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93279,60216],{"class":101},[57,93281,105],{"class":71},[57,93283,1294],{"class":75},[57,93285,79],{"class":71},[57,93287,92],{"class":75},[57,93289,316],{"class":71},[57,93291,93292,93294,93296,93298,93300,93302,93304,93306,93308,93310,93312],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93293,1785],{"class":71},[57,93295,1294],{"class":75},[57,93297,79],{"class":71},[57,93299,5729],{"class":75},[57,93301,79],{"class":71},[57,93303,87],{"class":75},[57,93305,79],{"class":71},[57,93307,1793],{"class":75},[57,93309,79],{"class":71},[57,93311,2706],{"class":75},[57,93313,95],{"class":71},[20,93315,93316],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[48,93318,93320],{"className":50,"code":93319,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93321,93322,93340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93323,93324,93326,93328,93330,93332,93334,93336,93338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93325,102],{"class":101},[57,93327,105],{"class":71},[57,93329,1886],{"class":1102},[57,93331,105],{"class":71},[57,93333,60216],{"class":101},[57,93335,105],{"class":71},[57,93337,2389],{"class":75},[57,93339,1225],{"class":71},[57,93341,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356,93358,93360],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93343,102],{"class":101},[57,93345,105],{"class":71},[57,93347,1886],{"class":1102},[57,93349,105],{"class":71},[57,93351,8321],{"class":1102},[57,93353,105],{"class":71},[57,93355,60216],{"class":101},[57,93357,105],{"class":71},[57,93359,2389],{"class":75},[57,93361,93362],{"class":71},"))))\n",[20,93364,216],{},[48,93366,93368],{"className":50,"code":93367,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93369,93370,93384],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93371,93372,93374,93376,93378,93380,93382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93373,3532],{"class":67},[57,93375,3535],{"class":1208},[57,93377,3538],{"class":169},[57,93379,60216],{"class":173},[57,93381,3543],{"class":169},[57,93383,3546],{"class":67},[57,93385,93386,93388,93390,93392,93394,93396],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93387,3532],{"class":67},[57,93389,3535],{"class":1208},[57,93391,3538],{"class":169},[57,93393,8321],{"class":173},[57,93395,3543],{"class":169},[57,93397,3546],{"class":67},[20,93399,93400,93401,93403,93404,620],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93402,36430],{}," works, see ",[614,93405,13,93406,2144],{"href":93059},[15,93407,36430],{},[43,93409,262,93411,93413],{"id":93410},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93412,36430],{}," gives you",[20,93415,93416,93418,93419,93421],{},[15,93417,36430],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93420,6189],{}," loops.",[30,93423,93424,93427,93430,93433],{},[33,93425,93426],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[33,93428,93429],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[33,93431,93432],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[33,93434,93435,93436],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93437,93438],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93440,864],{},[48,93442,93444],{"className":50,"code":93443,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93445,93446,93462],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93447,93448,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93449,6189],{"class":1962},[57,93451,69762],{"class":63},[57,93453,1969],{"class":1962},[57,93455,54289],{"class":101},[57,93457,105],{"class":71},[57,93459,2389],{"class":75},[57,93461,8570],{"class":71},[57,93463,93464,93466,93468,93470],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93465,8296],{"class":101},[57,93467,105],{"class":71},[57,93469,36386],{"class":113},[57,93471,316],{"class":71},[20,93473,216],{},[48,93475,93477],{"className":50,"code":93476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93478,93479,93483,93487,93491,93495],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93480,93481],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93482,1301],{"class":75},[57,93484,93485],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93486,47141],{"class":75},[57,93488,93489],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93490,17286],{"class":75},[57,93492,93493],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,93494,46841],{"class":75},[57,93496,93497],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,93498,48871],{"class":75},[20,93500,1023,93501,93503],{},[15,93502,90849],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93505,93506,93507,93509,93510,620],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93508,36430],{}," is so common with ",[614,93511,13,93513,90880],{"href":93512},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93514,6189],{},[20,93516,93517],{},"You can also inspect it:",[48,93519,93521],{"className":50,"code":93520,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93522,93523,93545,93549,93559,93573],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93524,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93526,93214],{"class":63},[57,93528,68],{"class":67},[57,93530,54289],{"class":101},[57,93532,105],{"class":71},[57,93534,1788],{"class":75},[57,93536,79],{"class":71},[57,93538,6234],{"class":75},[57,93540,79],{"class":71},[57,93542,87],{"class":75},[57,93544,316],{"class":71},[57,93546,93547],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93548,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,93550,93551,93553,93555,93557],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93552,102],{"class":101},[57,93554,105],{"class":71},[57,93556,60723],{"class":113},[57,93558,316],{"class":71},[57,93560,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569,93571],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,93562,102],{"class":101},[57,93564,105],{"class":71},[57,93566,1007],{"class":101},[57,93568,105],{"class":71},[57,93570,60723],{"class":113},[57,93572,117],{"class":71},[57,93574,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583,93586],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,93576,102],{"class":101},[57,93578,105],{"class":71},[57,93580,80796],{"class":75},[57,93582,21404],{"class":1962},[57,93584,93585],{"class":113}," r",[57,93587,316],{"class":71},[20,93589,216],{},[48,93591,93593],{"className":50,"code":93592,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93594,93595,93613,93617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93596,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93598,60216],{"class":101},[57,93600,105],{"class":71},[57,93602,1788],{"class":75},[57,93604,79],{"class":71},[57,93606,6234],{"class":75},[57,93608,79],{"class":71},[57,93610,87],{"class":75},[57,93612,316],{"class":71},[57,93614,93615],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93616,48871],{"class":75},[57,93618,93619],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93620,4214],{"class":1523},[43,93622,262,93624,93413],{"id":93623},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93625,93075],{},[20,93627,93628,93630],{},[15,93629,93075],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[30,93632,93633,93636,93639,93642],{},[33,93634,93635],{},"It creates all values at once",[33,93637,93638],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[33,93640,93641],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[33,93643,93644,93645,93647],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93646,36430],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93649,864],{},[48,93651,93653],{"className":50,"code":93652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93654,93655,93673,93677,93687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93656,93657,93659,93661,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93658,64],{"class":63},[57,93660,68],{"class":67},[57,93662,22790],{"class":1102},[57,93664,105],{"class":71},[57,93666,60216],{"class":101},[57,93668,105],{"class":71},[57,93670,2389],{"class":75},[57,93672,117],{"class":71},[57,93674,93675],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93676,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,93678,93679,93681,93683,93685],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93680,102],{"class":101},[57,93682,105],{"class":71},[57,93684,114],{"class":113},[57,93686,316],{"class":71},[57,93688,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,93690,102],{"class":101},[57,93692,105],{"class":71},[57,93694,114],{"class":113},[57,93696,1785],{"class":71},[57,93698,1788],{"class":75},[57,93700,1975],{"class":71},[20,93702,216],{},[48,93704,93706],{"className":50,"code":93705,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93707,93708,93732],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93709,93710,93712,93714,93716,93718,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93711,1785],{"class":71},[57,93713,1294],{"class":75},[57,93715,79],{"class":71},[57,93717,5729],{"class":75},[57,93719,79],{"class":71},[57,93721,87],{"class":75},[57,93723,79],{"class":71},[57,93725,1793],{"class":75},[57,93727,79],{"class":71},[57,93729,2706],{"class":75},[57,93731,95],{"class":71},[57,93733,93734],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93735,17286],{"class":75},[20,93737,93738],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93740,93741,93742,620],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[614,93743,13,93744,2144],{"href":65066},[15,93745,25011],{},[43,93747,5194,93749],{"id":93748},"when-to-use-range",[15,93750,36430],{},[20,93752,1806,93753,10828],{},[15,93754,36430],{},[30,93756,93757,93762,93765,93768],{},[33,93758,93759,93760,91609],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93761,6189],{},[33,93763,93764],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[33,93766,93767],{},"You are working with large sequences",[33,93769,93770],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93772,864],{},[48,93774,93776],{"className":50,"code":93775,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93777,93778,93798],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93779,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792,93794,93796],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93781,6189],{"class":1962},[57,93783,69762],{"class":63},[57,93785,1969],{"class":1962},[57,93787,54289],{"class":101},[57,93789,105],{"class":71},[57,93791,3231],{"class":75},[57,93793,79],{"class":71},[57,93795,37874],{"class":75},[57,93797,8570],{"class":71},[57,93799,93800,93802,93804,93806,93809,93811,93813,93815],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93801,8296],{"class":101},[57,93803,105],{"class":71},[57,93805,170],{"class":169},[57,93807,93808],{"class":173},"Count:",[57,93810,170],{"class":169},[57,93812,79],{"class":71},[57,93814,36361],{"class":113},[57,93816,316],{"class":71},[20,93818,216],{},[48,93820,93822],{"className":50,"code":93821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93823,93824,93833,93841,93849,93857],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93825,93826,93829,93831],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93827,93828],{"class":63},"Count",[57,93830,270],{"class":71},[57,93832,29846],{"class":75},[57,93834,93835,93837,93839],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93836,93828],{"class":63},[57,93838,270],{"class":71},[57,93840,45815],{"class":75},[57,93842,93843,93845,93847],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93844,93828],{"class":63},[57,93846,270],{"class":71},[57,93848,2823],{"class":75},[57,93850,93851,93853,93855],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,93852,93828],{"class":63},[57,93854,270],{"class":71},[57,93856,23894],{"class":75},[57,93858,93859,93861,93863],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,93860,93828],{"class":63},[57,93862,270],{"class":71},[57,93864,35072],{"class":75},[20,93866,93867],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93869,93870,93871,93873,93874,62506,93876,620],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93872,35980],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93875,36831],{},[614,93877,36838,93879,36841],{"href":93878},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93880,35980],{},[43,93882,5194,93884],{"id":93883},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93885,93075],{},[20,93887,1806,93888,10828],{},[15,93889,93075],{},[30,93891,93892,93895,93898,93901],{},[33,93893,93894],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[33,93896,93897],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[33,93899,93900],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[33,93902,93903],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93905,864],{},[48,93907,93909],{"className":50,"code":93908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93910,93911,93929,93943,93947],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93912,93913,93915,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93914,64],{"class":63},[57,93916,68],{"class":67},[57,93918,22790],{"class":1102},[57,93920,105],{"class":71},[57,93922,60216],{"class":101},[57,93924,105],{"class":71},[57,93926,2389],{"class":75},[57,93928,117],{"class":71},[57,93930,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,93932,114],{"class":63},[57,93934,620],{"class":71},[57,93936,13783],{"class":113},[57,93938,105],{"class":71},[57,93940,2389],{"class":75},[57,93942,316],{"class":71},[57,93944,93945],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,93946,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,93948,93949,93951,93953,93955],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,93950,102],{"class":101},[57,93952,105],{"class":71},[57,93954,114],{"class":113},[57,93956,316],{"class":71},[20,93958,216],{},[48,93960,93962],{"className":50,"code":93961,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93963,93964],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,93965,93966,93968,93970,93972,93974,93976,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988,93990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,93967,1785],{"class":71},[57,93969,1294],{"class":75},[57,93971,79],{"class":71},[57,93973,5729],{"class":75},[57,93975,79],{"class":71},[57,93977,87],{"class":75},[57,93979,79],{"class":71},[57,93981,1793],{"class":75},[57,93983,79],{"class":71},[57,93985,2706],{"class":75},[57,93987,79],{"class":71},[57,93989,92],{"class":75},[57,93991,95],{"class":71},[20,93993,6290,93994,93996],{},[15,93995,114],{}," is a list.",[43,93998,15827],{"id":15826},[20,94000,94001,94003,94004,620],{},[15,94002,36430],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[1399,94005,37828],{},[20,94007,2360],{},[30,94009,94010,94012,94017,94022,94025],{},[33,94011,22215],{},[33,94013,94014,94015],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94016,1033],{},[33,94018,94019,94020],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94021,1969],{},[33,94023,94024],{},"You can index it",[33,94026,94027,94028,94030],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94029,52871],{}," do not work on it",[20,94032,864],{},[48,94034,94036],{"className":50,"code":94035,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94037,94038,94052,94056,94070,94084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94039,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048,94050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94041,93214],{"class":63},[57,94043,68],{"class":67},[57,94045,54289],{"class":101},[57,94047,105],{"class":71},[57,94049,2389],{"class":75},[57,94051,316],{"class":71},[57,94053,94054],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94055,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,94057,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,94059,102],{"class":101},[57,94061,105],{"class":71},[57,94063,60723],{"class":113},[57,94065,1785],{"class":71},[57,94067,1788],{"class":75},[57,94069,1975],{"class":71},[57,94071,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,94073,102],{"class":101},[57,94075,105],{"class":71},[57,94077,1007],{"class":101},[57,94079,105],{"class":71},[57,94081,60723],{"class":113},[57,94083,117],{"class":71},[57,94085,94086,94088,94090,94092,94094,94096],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,94087,102],{"class":101},[57,94089,105],{"class":71},[57,94091,76],{"class":75},[57,94093,21404],{"class":1962},[57,94095,93585],{"class":113},[57,94097,316],{"class":71},[20,94099,216],{},[48,94101,94103],{"className":50,"code":94102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94104,94105,94109,94113],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94106,94107],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94108,17286],{"class":75},[57,94110,94111],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94112,3190],{"class":75},[57,94114,94115],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,94116,4214],{"class":1523},[20,94118,94119],{},"Now compare that with this:",[48,94121,94123],{"className":50,"code":94122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94124,94125,94139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94126,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94128,93214],{"class":63},[57,94130,68],{"class":67},[57,94132,54289],{"class":101},[57,94134,105],{"class":71},[57,94136,2389],{"class":75},[57,94138,316],{"class":71},[57,94140,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94142,60723],{"class":63},[57,94144,620],{"class":71},[57,94146,13783],{"class":113},[57,94148,105],{"class":71},[57,94150,2389],{"class":75},[57,94152,316],{"class":71},[20,94154,216],{},[48,94156,94158],{"className":50,"code":94157,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94159,94160],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94161,94162,94164,94166,94168,94170,94172,94174,94177,94179,94181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94163,25902],{"class":1102},[57,94165,270],{"class":71},[57,94167,3538],{"class":169},[57,94169,60216],{"class":173},[57,94171,3543],{"class":169},[57,94173,24848],{"class":1102},[57,94175,94176],{"class":63}," has no attribute ",[57,94178,3543],{"class":169},[57,94180,13783],{"class":173},[57,94182,29929],{"class":169},[20,94184,94185,94186,2441,94188,2445,94190,94192],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94187,52871],{},[15,94189,55748],{},[15,94191,64530],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94194,94195,94196,620],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[614,94197,25910,94198],{"href":35650},[15,94199,34485],{},[43,94201,94203],{"id":94202},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94205,94206],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[48,94208,94209],{"className":50,"code":92685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94210,94211],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94212,94213,94215,94217,94219,94221,94223],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94214,102],{"class":101},[57,94216,105],{"class":71},[57,94218,60216],{"class":101},[57,94220,105],{"class":71},[57,94222,2389],{"class":75},[57,94224,117],{"class":71},[20,94226,94227],{},"to show:",[48,94229,94230],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94231,94232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94233,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242,94244,94246,94248,94250,94252,94254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94235,1785],{"class":71},[57,94237,1294],{"class":75},[57,94239,79],{"class":71},[57,94241,5729],{"class":75},[57,94243,79],{"class":71},[57,94245,87],{"class":75},[57,94247,79],{"class":71},[57,94249,1793],{"class":75},[57,94251,79],{"class":71},[57,94253,2706],{"class":75},[57,94255,95],{"class":71},[20,94257,94258],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[48,94260,94261],{"className":50,"code":92706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94262,94263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94264,94265,94267,94269,94271,94273,94275],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94266,60216],{"class":101},[57,94268,105],{"class":71},[57,94270,1294],{"class":75},[57,94272,79],{"class":71},[57,94274,92],{"class":75},[57,94276,316],{"class":71},[20,94278,4860,94279,94281],{},[1399,94280,1401],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94283,94284,94285,94287],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[1399,94286,93093],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94289,94290],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[48,94292,94293],{"className":50,"code":91042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94294,94295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94296,94297,94299,94301,94303,94305,94307,94309,94311],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94298,102],{"class":101},[57,94300,105],{"class":71},[57,94302,8321],{"class":1102},[57,94304,105],{"class":71},[57,94306,60216],{"class":101},[57,94308,105],{"class":71},[57,94310,2389],{"class":75},[57,94312,1225],{"class":71},[20,94314,216],{},[48,94316,94317],{"className":50,"code":60239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94318,94319],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94320,94321,94323,94325,94327,94329,94331,94333,94335,94337,94339,94341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94322,1785],{"class":71},[57,94324,1294],{"class":75},[57,94326,79],{"class":71},[57,94328,5729],{"class":75},[57,94330,79],{"class":71},[57,94332,87],{"class":75},[57,94334,79],{"class":71},[57,94336,1793],{"class":75},[57,94338,79],{"class":71},[57,94340,2706],{"class":75},[57,94342,95],{"class":71},[43,94344,1829],{"id":1828},[20,94346,94347],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[30,94349,94350,94356,94359,94365],{},[33,94351,443,94352,94355],{},[15,94353,94354],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[33,94357,94358],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[33,94360,94361,94362,94364],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94363,36430],{}," is iterable but not a list",[33,94366,443,94367,94369,94370,94372],{},[15,94368,93075],{}," when plain ",[15,94371,36430],{}," would be simpler",[20,94374,94375],{},"These quick checks can help:",[48,94377,94379],{"className":50,"code":94378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94380,94381,94395,94413,94431,94453,94471],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94382,94383,94385,94387,94389,94391,94393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94384,102],{"class":101},[57,94386,105],{"class":71},[57,94388,60216],{"class":101},[57,94390,105],{"class":71},[57,94392,2389],{"class":75},[57,94394,117],{"class":71},[57,94396,94397,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94398,102],{"class":101},[57,94400,105],{"class":71},[57,94402,8321],{"class":1102},[57,94404,105],{"class":71},[57,94406,60216],{"class":101},[57,94408,105],{"class":71},[57,94410,2389],{"class":75},[57,94412,1225],{"class":71},[57,94414,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425,94427,94429],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,94416,102],{"class":101},[57,94418,105],{"class":71},[57,94420,1886],{"class":1102},[57,94422,105],{"class":71},[57,94424,60216],{"class":101},[57,94426,105],{"class":71},[57,94428,2389],{"class":75},[57,94430,1225],{"class":71},[57,94432,94433,94435,94437,94439,94441,94443,94445,94447,94449,94451],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,94434,102],{"class":101},[57,94436,105],{"class":71},[57,94438,1886],{"class":1102},[57,94440,105],{"class":71},[57,94442,8321],{"class":1102},[57,94444,105],{"class":71},[57,94446,60216],{"class":101},[57,94448,105],{"class":71},[57,94450,2389],{"class":75},[57,94452,93362],{"class":71},[57,94454,94455,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,94456,102],{"class":101},[57,94458,105],{"class":71},[57,94460,76],{"class":75},[57,94462,21404],{"class":1962},[57,94464,54289],{"class":101},[57,94466,105],{"class":71},[57,94468,2389],{"class":75},[57,94470,117],{"class":71},[57,94472,94473,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485,94487],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,94474,102],{"class":101},[57,94476,105],{"class":71},[57,94478,1007],{"class":101},[57,94480,105],{"class":71},[57,94482,60216],{"class":101},[57,94484,105],{"class":71},[57,94486,2389],{"class":75},[57,94488,1225],{"class":71},[20,94490,216],{},[48,94492,94494],{"className":50,"code":94493,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94495,94496,94510,94534,94548,94562,94566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94497,94498,94500,94502,94504,94506,94508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94499,60216],{"class":101},[57,94501,105],{"class":71},[57,94503,1294],{"class":75},[57,94505,79],{"class":71},[57,94507,92],{"class":75},[57,94509,316],{"class":71},[57,94511,94512,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94513,1785],{"class":71},[57,94515,1294],{"class":75},[57,94517,79],{"class":71},[57,94519,5729],{"class":75},[57,94521,79],{"class":71},[57,94523,87],{"class":75},[57,94525,79],{"class":71},[57,94527,1793],{"class":75},[57,94529,79],{"class":71},[57,94531,2706],{"class":75},[57,94533,95],{"class":71},[57,94535,94536,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,94537,3532],{"class":67},[57,94539,3535],{"class":1208},[57,94541,3538],{"class":169},[57,94543,60216],{"class":173},[57,94545,3543],{"class":169},[57,94547,3546],{"class":67},[57,94549,94550,94552,94554,94556,94558,94560],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,94551,3532],{"class":67},[57,94553,3535],{"class":1208},[57,94555,3538],{"class":169},[57,94557,8321],{"class":173},[57,94559,3543],{"class":169},[57,94561,3546],{"class":67},[57,94563,94564],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,94565,4214],{"class":1523},[57,94567,94568],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,94569,3190],{"class":75},[43,94571,2011],{"id":2010},[943,94573,15133,94575,94577],{"id":94574},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94576,36430],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94579,46590,94580,94582],{},[15,94581,36430],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[943,94584,94586,94587,11320,94589,2053],{"id":94585},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94588,36430],{},[15,94590,93075],{},[20,94592,94593,94595,94596,94598],{},[15,94594,36430],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94597,93075],{}," creates a full list.",[943,94600,94602],{"id":94601},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94604,94605],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94607,864],{},[48,94609,94611],{"className":50,"code":94610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94612,94613,94627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94614,94615,94617,94619,94621,94623,94625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94616,93214],{"class":63},[57,94618,68],{"class":67},[57,94620,54289],{"class":101},[57,94622,105],{"class":71},[57,94624,2389],{"class":75},[57,94626,316],{"class":71},[57,94628,94629,94631,94633,94635,94637,94639],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94630,102],{"class":101},[57,94632,105],{"class":71},[57,94634,60723],{"class":113},[57,94636,1785],{"class":71},[57,94638,3231],{"class":75},[57,94640,1975],{"class":71},[20,94642,216],{},[48,94644,94645],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,94646,94647],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94648,94649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94650,47141],{"class":75},[943,94652,5389,94654,94656],{"id":94653},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94655,94354],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94658,94659,94660,94663],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94661,94662],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[943,94665,94667,94668,94670],{"id":94666},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94669,36430],{}," to a list?",[20,94672,94673],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[43,94675,2135],{"id":2134},[30,94677,94678,94684,94690,94697,94703],{},[33,94679,94680],{},[614,94681,13,94682,2144],{"href":93059},[15,94683,36430],{},[33,94685,94686],{},[614,94687,13,94688,2144],{"href":65066},[15,94689,25011],{},[33,94691,94692],{},[614,94693,13,94694,94696],{"href":93512},[15,94695,6189],{}," loops explained",[33,94698,94699],{},[614,94700,37749,94701,36841],{"href":93878},[15,94702,35980],{},[33,94704,94705],{},[614,94706,26353,94707],{"href":35650},[15,94708,34485],{},[2172,94710,94711],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":94713},[94714,94715,94716,94718,94720,94722,94724,94725,94726,94727,94738],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":93178,"depth":98,"text":93179},{"id":93410,"depth":98,"text":94717},"What range() gives you",{"id":93623,"depth":98,"text":94719},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93748,"depth":98,"text":94721},"When to use range()",{"id":93883,"depth":98,"text":94723},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15826,"depth":98,"text":15827},{"id":94202,"depth":98,"text":94203},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":94728},[94729,94731,94733,94734,94736],{"id":94574,"depth":120,"text":94730},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94585,"depth":120,"text":94732},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94601,"depth":120,"text":94602},{"id":94653,"depth":120,"text":94735},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94666,"depth":120,"text":94737},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93065,"description":94739},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94746,"title":94747,"body":94748,"description":96184,"extension":2219,"meta":96185,"navigation":123,"path":96186,"seo":96187,"stem":96188,"__hash__":96189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94749,"toc":96150},[94750,94756,94761,94764,94778,94781,94783,94822,94824,94837,94845,94850,94866,94869,94871,94873,94894,94911,94914,94973,94975,94994,94999,95005,95008,95042,95044,95057,95060,95105,95107,95130,95137,95143,95146,95187,95189,95203,95206,95264,95266,95281,95294,95300,95306,95371,95373,95392,95394,95412,95415,95419,95425,95427,95460,95462,95475,95485,95488,95549,95551,95572,95575,95577,95593,95598,95602,95607,95612,95668,95670,95688,95691,95736,95738,95746,95751,95755,95769,95771,95803,95805,95814,95816,95820,95829,95832,95864,95866,95878,95881,95885,95890,95931,95933,95941,95944,95967,95971,95973,95982,95985,96038,96040,96049,96053,96058,96069,96071,96080,96083,96089,96092,96098,96108,96116,96123,96125,96147],[10,94751,13,94753,18],{"id":94752},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94754,94755],{},"round()",[20,94757,22,94758,94760],{},[15,94759,94755],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94762,94763],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[30,94765,94766,94772],{},[33,94767,94768,94771],{},[15,94769,94770],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[33,94773,94774,94777],{},[15,94775,94776],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94779,94780],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[43,94782,46],{"id":45},[48,94784,94786],{"className":50,"code":94785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94787,94788,94804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94789,94790,94792,94794,94797,94799,94802],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94791,102],{"class":101},[57,94793,105],{"class":71},[57,94795,94796],{"class":101},"round",[57,94798,105],{"class":71},[57,94800,94801],{"class":75},"3.14159",[57,94803,117],{"class":71},[57,94805,94806,94808,94810,94812,94814,94816,94818,94820],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94807,102],{"class":101},[57,94809,105],{"class":71},[57,94811,94796],{"class":101},[57,94813,105],{"class":71},[57,94815,94801],{"class":75},[57,94817,79],{"class":71},[57,94819,87],{"class":75},[57,94821,117],{"class":71},[20,94823,216],{},[48,94825,94827],{"className":50,"code":94826,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94828,94829,94833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94830,94831],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94832,46841],{"class":75},[57,94834,94835],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94836,40406],{"class":75},[20,94838,1806,94839,94841,94842,94844],{},[15,94840,94770],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94843,94776],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[43,94846,262,94848,265],{"id":94847},"what-round-does",[15,94849,94755],{},[30,94851,94852,94857,94860,94863],{},[33,94853,94854,94856],{},[15,94855,94755],{}," is a built-in Python function",[33,94858,94859],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[33,94861,94862],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[33,94864,94865],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94867,94868],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[43,94870,294],{"id":293},[20,94872,2412],{},[48,94874,94876],{"className":50,"code":94875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94877,94878],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94879,94880,94882,94884,94886,94889,94892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94881,94796],{"class":101},[57,94883,105],{"class":71},[57,94885,2490],{"class":113},[57,94887,94888],{"class":71},"[,",[57,94890,94891],{"class":113}," ndigits",[57,94893,1975],{"class":71},[30,94895,94896,94901,94906],{},[33,94897,94898,94900],{},[15,94899,2490],{}," is the value to round",[33,94902,94903,20270],{},[15,94904,94905],{},"ndigits",[33,94907,94908,94910],{},[15,94909,94905],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94912,94913],{},"Basic examples:",[48,94915,94917],{"className":50,"code":94916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94918,94919,94934,94952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94920,94921,94923,94925,94927,94929,94932],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94922,102],{"class":101},[57,94924,105],{"class":71},[57,94926,94796],{"class":101},[57,94928,105],{"class":71},[57,94930,94931],{"class":75},"7.8",[57,94933,117],{"class":71},[57,94935,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948,94950],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94937,102],{"class":101},[57,94939,105],{"class":71},[57,94941,94796],{"class":101},[57,94943,105],{"class":71},[57,94945,94931],{"class":75},[57,94947,79],{"class":71},[57,94949,5729],{"class":75},[57,94951,117],{"class":71},[57,94953,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94965,94967,94969,94971],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,94955,102],{"class":101},[57,94957,105],{"class":71},[57,94959,94796],{"class":101},[57,94961,105],{"class":71},[57,94963,94964],{"class":75},"1234",[57,94966,79],{"class":71},[57,94968,2474],{"class":67},[57,94970,1788],{"class":75},[57,94972,117],{"class":71},[20,94974,216],{},[48,94976,94978],{"className":50,"code":94977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94979,94980,94984,94989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,94981,94982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,94983,226],{"class":75},[57,94985,94986],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,94987,94988],{"class":75},"7.8\n",[57,94990,94991],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,94992,94993],{"class":75},"1200\n",[20,94995,94996,94997,620],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[614,94998,2669],{"href":2668},[43,95000,443,95002,95004],{"id":95001},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95003,94755],{}," with one argument",[20,95006,95007],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[48,95009,95011],{"className":50,"code":95010,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95012,95013,95027],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95014,95015,95017,95019,95021,95023,95025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95016,102],{"class":101},[57,95018,105],{"class":71},[57,95020,94796],{"class":101},[57,95022,105],{"class":71},[57,95024,2612],{"class":75},[57,95026,117],{"class":71},[57,95028,95029,95031,95033,95035,95037,95040],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95030,102],{"class":101},[57,95032,105],{"class":71},[57,95034,94796],{"class":101},[57,95036,105],{"class":71},[57,95038,95039],{"class":75},"4.8",[57,95041,117],{"class":71},[20,95043,216],{},[48,95045,95047],{"className":50,"code":95046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4\n5\n",[15,95048,95049,95053],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95050,95051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95052,48871],{"class":75},[57,95054,95055],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95056,3190],{"class":75},[20,95058,95059],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[48,95061,95063],{"className":50,"code":95062,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95064,95065,95081,95091],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95066,95067,95069,95071,95074,95076,95079],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95068,1336],{"class":63},[57,95070,68],{"class":67},[57,95072,95073],{"class":101}," round",[57,95075,105],{"class":71},[57,95077,95078],{"class":75},"10.2",[57,95080,316],{"class":71},[57,95082,95083,95085,95087,95089],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95084,102],{"class":101},[57,95086,105],{"class":71},[57,95088,1368],{"class":113},[57,95090,316],{"class":71},[57,95092,95093,95095,95097,95099,95101,95103],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95094,102],{"class":101},[57,95096,105],{"class":71},[57,95098,1886],{"class":1102},[57,95100,105],{"class":71},[57,95102,1368],{"class":113},[57,95104,117],{"class":71},[20,95106,216],{},[48,95108,95110],{"className":50,"code":95109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95111,95112,95116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95113,95114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95115,2626],{"class":75},[57,95117,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95119,3532],{"class":67},[57,95121,3535],{"class":1208},[57,95123,3538],{"class":169},[57,95125,2440],{"class":173},[57,95127,3543],{"class":169},[57,95129,3546],{"class":67},[20,95131,95132,95133,620],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[614,95134,13,95135,2144],{"href":3118},[15,95136,3121],{},[43,95138,443,95140,95142],{"id":95139},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95141,94755],{}," with decimal places",[20,95144,95145],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[48,95147,95149],{"className":50,"code":95148,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95150,95151,95169],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95152,95153,95155,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165,95167],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95154,102],{"class":101},[57,95156,105],{"class":71},[57,95158,94796],{"class":101},[57,95160,105],{"class":71},[57,95162,94801],{"class":75},[57,95164,79],{"class":71},[57,95166,87],{"class":75},[57,95168,117],{"class":71},[57,95170,95171,95173,95175,95177,95179,95181,95183,95185],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95172,102],{"class":101},[57,95174,105],{"class":71},[57,95176,94796],{"class":101},[57,95178,105],{"class":71},[57,95180,94801],{"class":75},[57,95182,79],{"class":71},[57,95184,1793],{"class":75},[57,95186,117],{"class":71},[20,95188,216],{},[48,95190,95192],{"className":50,"code":95191,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95193,95194,95198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95195,95196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95197,40406],{"class":75},[57,95199,95200],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95201,95202],{"class":75},"3.142\n",[20,95204,95205],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[48,95207,95209],{"className":50,"code":95208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95210,95211,95220,95239,95243,95253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95212,95213,95215,95217],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95214,40616],{"class":63},[57,95216,68],{"class":67},[57,95218,95219],{"class":75}," 19.9876\n",[57,95221,95222,95225,95227,95229,95231,95233,95235,95237],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95223,95224],{"class":63},"rounded_price ",[57,95226,68],{"class":67},[57,95228,95073],{"class":101},[57,95230,105],{"class":71},[57,95232,25380],{"class":113},[57,95234,79],{"class":71},[57,95236,87],{"class":75},[57,95238,316],{"class":71},[57,95240,95241],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95242,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,95244,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,95246,102],{"class":101},[57,95248,105],{"class":71},[57,95250,25380],{"class":113},[57,95252,316],{"class":71},[57,95254,95255,95257,95259,95262],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,95256,102],{"class":101},[57,95258,105],{"class":71},[57,95260,95261],{"class":113},"rounded_price",[57,95263,316],{"class":71},[20,95265,216],{},[48,95267,95269],{"className":50,"code":95268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95270,95271,95276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95272,95273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95274,95275],{"class":75},"19.9876\n",[57,95277,95278],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95279,95280],{"class":75},"19.99\n",[20,95282,95283,95284,95287,95288,3122,95290,620],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95285,95286],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[614,95289,41119],{"href":41118},[614,95291,13,95292,2144],{"href":3125},[15,95293,3128],{},[43,95295,95297,95298],{"id":95296},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95299,94905],{},[20,95301,95302,95303,95305],{},"A negative ",[15,95304,94905],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[48,95307,95309],{"className":50,"code":95308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95310,95311,95331,95351],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95312,95313,95315,95317,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95314,102],{"class":101},[57,95316,105],{"class":71},[57,95318,94796],{"class":101},[57,95320,105],{"class":71},[57,95322,94964],{"class":75},[57,95324,79],{"class":71},[57,95326,2474],{"class":67},[57,95328,3231],{"class":75},[57,95330,117],{"class":71},[57,95332,95333,95335,95337,95339,95341,95343,95345,95347,95349],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95334,102],{"class":101},[57,95336,105],{"class":71},[57,95338,94796],{"class":101},[57,95340,105],{"class":71},[57,95342,94964],{"class":75},[57,95344,79],{"class":71},[57,95346,2474],{"class":67},[57,95348,1788],{"class":75},[57,95350,117],{"class":71},[57,95352,95353,95355,95357,95359,95361,95363,95365,95367,95369],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95354,102],{"class":101},[57,95356,105],{"class":71},[57,95358,94796],{"class":101},[57,95360,105],{"class":71},[57,95362,94964],{"class":75},[57,95364,79],{"class":71},[57,95366,2474],{"class":67},[57,95368,76],{"class":75},[57,95370,117],{"class":71},[20,95372,216],{},[48,95374,95376],{"className":50,"code":95375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95377,95378,95383,95387],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95379,95380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95381,95382],{"class":75},"1230\n",[57,95384,95385],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95386,94993],{"class":75},[57,95388,95389],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95390,95391],{"class":75},"1000\n",[20,95393,65802],{},[30,95395,95396,95401,95407],{},[33,95397,95398,95400],{},[15,95399,66071],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[33,95402,95403,95406],{},[15,95404,95405],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[33,95408,95409,95411],{},[15,95410,47893],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95413,95414],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[43,95416,95418],{"id":95417},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95420,95421,95422,620],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95423,95424],{},".5",[20,95426,5703],{},[48,95428,95430],{"className":50,"code":95429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95431,95432,95446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95433,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95435,102],{"class":101},[57,95437,105],{"class":71},[57,95439,94796],{"class":101},[57,95441,105],{"class":71},[57,95443,41385],{"class":75},[57,95445,117],{"class":71},[57,95447,95448,95450,95452,95454,95456,95458],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95449,102],{"class":101},[57,95451,105],{"class":71},[57,95453,94796],{"class":101},[57,95455,105],{"class":71},[57,95457,2295],{"class":75},[57,95459,117],{"class":71},[20,95461,216],{},[48,95463,95465],{"className":50,"code":95464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n4\n",[15,95466,95467,95471],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95468,95469],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95470,17286],{"class":75},[57,95472,95473],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95474,48871],{"class":75},[20,95476,95477,95478,95481,95482,95484],{},"Python uses ",[1399,95479,95480],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95483,95424],{}," situations.",[20,95486,95487],{},"More examples:",[48,95489,95491],{"className":50,"code":95490,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95492,95493,95507,95521,95535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95494,95495,95497,95499,95501,95503,95505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95496,102],{"class":101},[57,95498,105],{"class":71},[57,95500,94796],{"class":101},[57,95502,105],{"class":71},[57,95504,41398],{"class":75},[57,95506,117],{"class":71},[57,95508,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517,95519],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95510,102],{"class":101},[57,95512,105],{"class":71},[57,95514,94796],{"class":101},[57,95516,105],{"class":71},[57,95518,41385],{"class":75},[57,95520,117],{"class":71},[57,95522,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95524,102],{"class":101},[57,95526,105],{"class":71},[57,95528,94796],{"class":101},[57,95530,105],{"class":71},[57,95532,2295],{"class":75},[57,95534,117],{"class":71},[57,95536,95537,95539,95541,95543,95545,95547],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,95538,102],{"class":101},[57,95540,105],{"class":71},[57,95542,94796],{"class":101},[57,95544,105],{"class":71},[57,95546,41350],{"class":75},[57,95548,117],{"class":71},[20,95550,216],{},[48,95552,95554],{"className":50,"code":95553,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95555,95556,95560,95564,95568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95557,95558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95559,17286],{"class":75},[57,95561,95562],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95563,17286],{"class":75},[57,95565,95566],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95567,48871],{"class":75},[57,95569,95570],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,95571,48871],{"class":75},[20,95573,95574],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95576,10940],{},[30,95578,95579,95586],{},[33,95580,95581,2386,95584],{},[15,95582,95583],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95585,1788],{},[33,95587,95588,2386,95591],{},[15,95589,95590],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95592,647],{},[20,95594,3411,95595,95597],{},[15,95596,95424],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[43,95599,95601],{"id":95600},"return-values","Return values",[20,95603,95604,95606],{},[15,95605,94755],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95608,1397,95609,95611],{},[1399,95610,1401],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[48,95613,95615],{"className":50,"code":95614,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95616,95617,95626,95630,95640,95658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95618,95619,95621,95623],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95620,2696],{"class":63},[57,95622,68],{"class":67},[57,95624,95625],{"class":75}," 3.14159\n",[57,95627,95628],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95629,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,95631,95632,95634,95636,95638],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95633,102],{"class":101},[57,95635,105],{"class":71},[57,95637,364],{"class":113},[57,95639,316],{"class":71},[57,95641,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650,95652,95654,95656],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,95643,102],{"class":101},[57,95645,105],{"class":71},[57,95647,94796],{"class":101},[57,95649,105],{"class":71},[57,95651,364],{"class":113},[57,95653,79],{"class":71},[57,95655,87],{"class":75},[57,95657,117],{"class":71},[57,95659,95660,95662,95664,95666],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,95661,102],{"class":101},[57,95663,105],{"class":71},[57,95665,364],{"class":113},[57,95667,316],{"class":71},[20,95669,216],{},[48,95671,95673],{"className":50,"code":95672,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95674,95675,95680,95684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95676,95677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95678,95679],{"class":75},"3.14159\n",[57,95681,95682],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95683,40406],{"class":75},[57,95685,95686],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95687,95679],{"class":75},[20,95689,95690],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[48,95692,95694],{"className":50,"code":95693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95695,95696,95704,95722,95726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95697,95698,95700,95702],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95699,2696],{"class":63},[57,95701,68],{"class":67},[57,95703,95625],{"class":75},[57,95705,95706,95708,95710,95712,95714,95716,95718,95720],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95707,2696],{"class":63},[57,95709,68],{"class":67},[57,95711,95073],{"class":101},[57,95713,105],{"class":71},[57,95715,364],{"class":113},[57,95717,79],{"class":71},[57,95719,87],{"class":75},[57,95721,316],{"class":71},[57,95723,95724],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95725,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,95727,95728,95730,95732,95734],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,95729,102],{"class":101},[57,95731,105],{"class":71},[57,95733,364],{"class":113},[57,95735,316],{"class":71},[20,95737,216],{},[48,95739,95740],{"className":50,"code":40406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95741,95742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95743,95744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95745,40406],{"class":75},[43,95747,5194,95749],{"id":95748},"when-to-use-round",[15,95750,94755],{},[20,95752,1806,95753,6548],{},[15,95754,94755],{},[30,95756,95757,95760,95763,95766],{},[33,95758,95759],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[33,95761,95762],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[33,95764,95765],{},"Round values before reporting results",[33,95767,95768],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95770,5703],{},[48,95772,95774],{"className":50,"code":95773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95775,95776,95785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95777,95778,95780,95782],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95779,2841],{"class":63},[57,95781,68],{"class":67},[57,95783,95784],{"class":75}," 12.67891\n",[57,95786,95787,95789,95791,95793,95795,95797,95799,95801],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95788,102],{"class":101},[57,95790,105],{"class":71},[57,95792,94796],{"class":101},[57,95794,105],{"class":71},[57,95796,2864],{"class":113},[57,95798,79],{"class":71},[57,95800,87],{"class":75},[57,95802,117],{"class":71},[20,95804,216],{},[48,95806,95808],{"className":50,"code":95807,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"12.68\n",[15,95809,95810],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95811,95812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95813,95807],{"class":75},[43,95815,1829],{"id":1828},[20,95817,23325,95818,620],{},[15,95819,94755],{},[943,95821,1848,95823,95825,95826,95828],{"id":95822},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95824,94755],{}," to always round ",[15,95827,95424],{}," upward",[20,95830,95831],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[48,95833,95834],{"className":50,"code":95429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95835,95836,95850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95837,95838,95840,95842,95844,95846,95848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95839,102],{"class":101},[57,95841,105],{"class":71},[57,95843,94796],{"class":101},[57,95845,105],{"class":71},[57,95847,41385],{"class":75},[57,95849,117],{"class":71},[57,95851,95852,95854,95856,95858,95860,95862],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95853,102],{"class":101},[57,95855,105],{"class":71},[57,95857,94796],{"class":101},[57,95859,105],{"class":71},[57,95861,2295],{"class":75},[57,95863,117],{"class":71},[20,95865,216],{},[48,95867,95868],{"className":50,"code":95464,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95869,95870,95874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95871,95872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95873,17286],{"class":75},[57,95875,95876],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95877,48871],{"class":75},[20,95879,95880],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[943,95882,95884],{"id":95883},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95886,95887,95889],{},[15,95888,94755],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[48,95891,95893],{"className":50,"code":95892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95894,95895,95903,95917,95921],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95896,95897,95899,95901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95898,2696],{"class":63},[57,95900,68],{"class":67},[57,95902,95625],{"class":75},[57,95904,95905,95907,95909,95911,95913,95915],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,95906,94796],{"class":101},[57,95908,105],{"class":71},[57,95910,364],{"class":113},[57,95912,79],{"class":71},[57,95914,87],{"class":75},[57,95916,316],{"class":71},[57,95918,95919],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,95920,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,95922,95923,95925,95927,95929],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,95924,102],{"class":101},[57,95926,105],{"class":71},[57,95928,364],{"class":113},[57,95930,316],{"class":71},[20,95932,216],{},[48,95934,95935],{"className":50,"code":95679,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,95936,95937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95938,95939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95940,95679],{"class":75},[20,95942,95943],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[48,95945,95947],{"className":50,"code":95946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95948,95949],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95950,95951,95953,95955,95957,95959,95961,95963,95965],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95952,2696],{"class":63},[57,95954,68],{"class":67},[57,95956,95073],{"class":101},[57,95958,105],{"class":71},[57,95960,364],{"class":113},[57,95962,79],{"class":71},[57,95964,87],{"class":75},[57,95966,316],{"class":71},[943,95968,95970],{"id":95969},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95972,16630],{},[48,95974,95976],{"className":50,"code":95975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95977,95978],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95979,95980],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95981,95975],{"class":3903},[20,95983,95984],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[48,95986,95988],{"className":50,"code":95987,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95989,95990,96002,96016,96020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,95991,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,95993,34918],{"class":63},[57,95995,68],{"class":67},[57,95997,181],{"class":169},[57,95999,40372],{"class":173},[57,96001,3602],{"class":169},[57,96003,96004,96006,96008,96010,96012,96014],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96005,2469],{"class":63},[57,96007,68],{"class":67},[57,96009,40484],{"class":1102},[57,96011,105],{"class":71},[57,96013,1222],{"class":113},[57,96015,316],{"class":71},[57,96017,96018],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96019,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,96021,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032,96034,96036],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,96023,102],{"class":101},[57,96025,105],{"class":71},[57,96027,94796],{"class":101},[57,96029,105],{"class":71},[57,96031,2490],{"class":113},[57,96033,79],{"class":71},[57,96035,5729],{"class":75},[57,96037,117],{"class":71},[20,96039,216],{},[48,96041,96043],{"className":50,"code":96042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.1\n",[15,96044,96045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96046,96047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96048,96042],{"class":75},[943,96050,96052],{"id":96051},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96054,96055,96057],{},[15,96056,94755],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96059,96060,96061,3122,96065,620],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[614,96062,96063],{"href":3125},[15,96064,3128],{},[614,96066,96067],{"href":3118},[15,96068,3121],{},[43,96070,2011],{"id":2010},[943,96072,12933,96074,96076,96077,96079],{"id":96073},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96075,94755],{}," always round ",[15,96078,40443],{}," up?",[20,96081,96082],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[943,96084,12933,96086,96088],{"id":96085},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96087,94755],{}," change the original number?",[20,96090,96091],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[943,96093,2025,96095,96097],{"id":96094},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96096,94755],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96099,96100,96101,96103,96104,3122,96106,620],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96102,94905],{}," value like ",[15,96105,66071],{},[15,96107,95405],{},[943,96109,28559,96111,96113,96114,2053],{"id":96110},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96112,94755],{}," on a string like ",[15,96115,48315],{},[20,96117,96118,96119,3122,96121,620],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96120,3128],{},[15,96122,3121],{},[43,96124,2135],{"id":2134},[30,96126,96127,96133,96139,96143],{},[33,96128,96129],{},[614,96130,13,96131,2144],{"href":3125},[15,96132,3128],{},[33,96134,96135],{},[614,96136,13,96137,2144],{"href":3118},[15,96138,3121],{},[33,96140,96141],{},[614,96142,2669],{"href":2668},[33,96144,96145],{},[614,96146,42408],{"href":41118},[2172,96148,96149],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":96151},[96152,96153,96155,96156,96158,96160,96162,96163,96164,96166,96173,96183],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":94847,"depth":98,"text":96154},"What round() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":95001,"depth":98,"text":96157},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95139,"depth":98,"text":96159},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95296,"depth":98,"text":96161},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95417,"depth":98,"text":95418},{"id":95600,"depth":98,"text":95601},{"id":95748,"depth":98,"text":96165},"When to use round()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":96167},[96168,96170,96171,96172],{"id":95822,"depth":120,"text":96169},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95883,"depth":120,"text":95884},{"id":95969,"depth":120,"text":95970},{"id":96051,"depth":120,"text":96052},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":96174},[96175,96177,96179,96181],{"id":96073,"depth":120,"text":96176},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96085,"depth":120,"text":96178},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96094,"depth":120,"text":96180},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96110,"depth":120,"text":96182},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94747,"description":96184},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96191,"title":96192,"body":96193,"description":97378,"extension":2219,"meta":97379,"navigation":123,"path":97380,"seo":97381,"stem":97382,"__hash__":97383},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96194,"toc":97352},[96195,96202,96208,96211,96213,96262,96266,96291,96296,96301,96306,96320,96331,96333,96352,96354,96370,96373,96384,96386,96388,96449,96453,96486,96493,96500,96503,96536,96539,96543,96546,96599,96603,96624,96630,96637,96644,96705,96713,96790,96794,96806,96815,96817,96823,96829,96833,96886,96889,96947,96951,96959,96962,96966,96969,96979,96981,97078,97081,97092,97095,97138,97142,97166,97169,97175,97177,97181,97206,97208,97275,97284,97286,97292,97297,97301,97304,97308,97315,97319,97324,97326,97343,97349],[10,96196,96198,96199,11549],{"id":96197},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96200,96201],{},"add()",[20,96203,96204,96207],{},[15,96205,96206],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96209,96210],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[43,96212,46],{"id":45},[48,96214,96216],{"className":50,"code":96215,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96217,96218,96238,96252],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96219,96220,96222,96224,96226,96228,96230,96232,96234,96236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96221,64],{"class":63},[57,96223,68],{"class":67},[57,96225,10718],{"class":71},[57,96227,3231],{"class":75},[57,96229,79],{"class":71},[57,96231,87],{"class":75},[57,96233,79],{"class":71},[57,96235,1793],{"class":75},[57,96237,9536],{"class":71},[57,96239,96240,96242,96244,96246,96248,96250],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96241,114],{"class":63},[57,96243,620],{"class":71},[57,96245,82308],{"class":113},[57,96247,105],{"class":71},[57,96249,647],{"class":75},[57,96251,316],{"class":71},[57,96253,96254,96256,96258,96260],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96255,102],{"class":101},[57,96257,105],{"class":71},[57,96259,114],{"class":113},[57,96261,316],{"class":71},[20,96263,96264],{},[1399,96265,216],{},[48,96267,96269],{"className":50,"code":96268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96270,96271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96272,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287,96289],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96274,9505],{"class":71},[57,96276,3231],{"class":75},[57,96278,79],{"class":71},[57,96280,87],{"class":75},[57,96282,79],{"class":71},[57,96284,1793],{"class":75},[57,96286,79],{"class":71},[57,96288,2706],{"class":75},[57,96290,9536],{"class":71},[20,96292,1806,96293,96295],{},[15,96294,96201],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[43,96297,262,96299,265],{"id":96298},"what-setadd-does",[15,96300,96206],{},[20,96302,96303,96305],{},[15,96304,96206],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[30,96307,96308,96311,96314,96317],{},[33,96309,96310],{},"Adds one item to a set",[33,96312,96313],{},"Changes the original set in place",[33,96315,96316],{},"Does not return a new set",[33,96318,96319],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96321,96322,96323,3122,96327,620],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[614,96324,96326],{"href":96325},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[614,96328,96330],{"href":96329},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[43,96332,294],{"id":293},[48,96334,96336],{"className":50,"code":96335,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96337,96338],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96339,96340,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96341,15897],{"class":63},[57,96343,620],{"class":71},[57,96345,82308],{"class":113},[57,96347,105],{"class":71},[57,96349,23541],{"class":113},[57,96351,316],{"class":71},[20,96353,11686],{},[30,96355,96356,96361,96364],{},[33,96357,56128,96358,96360],{},[15,96359,96201],{}," on an existing set",[33,96362,96363],{},"Pass exactly one item",[33,96365,96366,96367],{},"The item must be ",[1399,96368,96369],{},"hashable",[20,96371,96372],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[30,96374,96375,96377,96379,96382],{},[33,96376,56681],{},[33,96378,56684],{},[33,96380,96381],{},"Tuples",[33,96383,40823],{},[43,96385,11703],{"id":11702},[20,96387,11706],{},[48,96389,96391],{"className":50,"code":96390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96392,96393,96417,96435,96439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96394,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413,96415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96396,13306],{"class":63},[57,96398,68],{"class":67},[57,96400,10718],{"class":71},[57,96402,170],{"class":169},[57,96404,13323],{"class":173},[57,96406,170],{"class":169},[57,96408,79],{"class":71},[57,96410,181],{"class":169},[57,96412,13340],{"class":173},[57,96414,170],{"class":169},[57,96416,9536],{"class":71},[57,96418,96419,96421,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96420,17733],{"class":63},[57,96422,620],{"class":71},[57,96424,82308],{"class":113},[57,96426,105],{"class":71},[57,96428,170],{"class":169},[57,96430,17686],{"class":173},[57,96432,170],{"class":169},[57,96434,316],{"class":71},[57,96436,96437],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96438,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,96440,96441,96443,96445,96447],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,96442,102],{"class":101},[57,96444,105],{"class":71},[57,96446,17733],{"class":113},[57,96448,316],{"class":71},[20,96450,96451],{},[1399,96452,30259],{},[48,96454,96456],{"className":50,"code":96455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96457,96458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96459,96460,96462,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96461,9505],{"class":71},[57,96463,3543],{"class":169},[57,96465,13323],{"class":173},[57,96467,3543],{"class":169},[57,96469,79],{"class":71},[57,96471,3538],{"class":169},[57,96473,17686],{"class":173},[57,96475,3543],{"class":169},[57,96477,79],{"class":71},[57,96479,3538],{"class":169},[57,96481,13340],{"class":173},[57,96483,3543],{"class":169},[57,96485,9536],{"class":71},[20,96487,96488,96489,96492],{},"The new value ",[15,96490,96491],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96494,96495,96496,96499],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[1399,96497,96498],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96501,96502],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[48,96504,96506],{"className":50,"code":96505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96507,96508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96509,96510,96512,96514,96516,96518,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96511,9505],{"class":71},[57,96513,3543],{"class":169},[57,96515,13340],{"class":173},[57,96517,3543],{"class":169},[57,96519,79],{"class":71},[57,96521,3538],{"class":169},[57,96523,13323],{"class":173},[57,96525,3543],{"class":169},[57,96527,79],{"class":71},[57,96529,3538],{"class":169},[57,96531,17686],{"class":173},[57,96533,3543],{"class":169},[57,96535,9536],{"class":71},[20,96537,96538],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[43,96540,96542],{"id":96541},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96544,96545],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[48,96547,96549],{"className":50,"code":96548,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96550,96551,96571,96585,96589],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96552,96553,96555,96557,96559,96561,96563,96565,96567,96569],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96554,64],{"class":63},[57,96556,68],{"class":67},[57,96558,10718],{"class":71},[57,96560,3231],{"class":75},[57,96562,79],{"class":71},[57,96564,87],{"class":75},[57,96566,79],{"class":71},[57,96568,1793],{"class":75},[57,96570,9536],{"class":71},[57,96572,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96574,114],{"class":63},[57,96576,620],{"class":71},[57,96578,82308],{"class":113},[57,96580,105],{"class":71},[57,96582,1788],{"class":75},[57,96584,316],{"class":71},[57,96586,96587],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96588,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,96590,96591,96593,96595,96597],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,96592,102],{"class":101},[57,96594,105],{"class":71},[57,96596,114],{"class":113},[57,96598,316],{"class":71},[20,96600,96601],{},[1399,96602,216],{},[48,96604,96606],{"className":50,"code":96605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96607,96608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96609,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96611,9505],{"class":71},[57,96613,3231],{"class":75},[57,96615,79],{"class":71},[57,96617,87],{"class":75},[57,96619,79],{"class":71},[57,96621,1793],{"class":75},[57,96623,9536],{"class":71},[20,96625,96626,96627,96629],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96628,1788],{}," was already present.",[43,96631,96633,1682,96635],{"id":96632},"add-vs-update",[15,96634,96201],{},[15,96636,15184],{},[20,96638,1806,96639,96641,96642,620],{},[15,96640,96201],{}," when you want to add ",[1399,96643,52875],{},[48,96645,96647],{"className":50,"code":96646,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96648,96649,96673,96691,96695],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96650,96651,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667,96669,96671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96652,36322],{"class":63},[57,96654,68],{"class":67},[57,96656,10718],{"class":71},[57,96658,170],{"class":169},[57,96660,614],{"class":173},[57,96662,170],{"class":169},[57,96664,79],{"class":71},[57,96666,181],{"class":169},[57,96668,4993],{"class":173},[57,96670,170],{"class":169},[57,96672,9536],{"class":71},[57,96674,96675,96677,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96676,36375],{"class":63},[57,96678,620],{"class":71},[57,96680,82308],{"class":113},[57,96682,105],{"class":71},[57,96684,170],{"class":169},[57,96686,9966],{"class":173},[57,96688,170],{"class":169},[57,96690,316],{"class":71},[57,96692,96693],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96694,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,96696,96697,96699,96701,96703],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,96698,102],{"class":101},[57,96700,105],{"class":71},[57,96702,36375],{"class":113},[57,96704,316],{"class":71},[20,96706,1806,96707,96641,96709,96712],{},[15,96708,15184],{},[1399,96710,96711],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[48,96714,96716],{"className":50,"code":96715,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96717,96718,96742,96776,96780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96719,96720,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734,96736,96738,96740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96721,36322],{"class":63},[57,96723,68],{"class":67},[57,96725,10718],{"class":71},[57,96727,170],{"class":169},[57,96729,614],{"class":173},[57,96731,170],{"class":169},[57,96733,79],{"class":71},[57,96735,181],{"class":169},[57,96737,4993],{"class":173},[57,96739,170],{"class":169},[57,96741,9536],{"class":71},[57,96743,96744,96746,96748,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762,96764,96766,96768,96770,96772,96774],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96745,36375],{"class":63},[57,96747,620],{"class":71},[57,96749,30694],{"class":113},[57,96751,1949],{"class":71},[57,96753,170],{"class":169},[57,96755,9966],{"class":173},[57,96757,170],{"class":169},[57,96759,79],{"class":71},[57,96761,181],{"class":169},[57,96763,18999],{"class":173},[57,96765,170],{"class":169},[57,96767,79],{"class":71},[57,96769,181],{"class":169},[57,96771,60665],{"class":173},[57,96773,170],{"class":169},[57,96775,1975],{"class":71},[57,96777,96778],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96779,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,96781,96782,96784,96786,96788],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,96783,102],{"class":101},[57,96785,105],{"class":71},[57,96787,36375],{"class":113},[57,96789,316],{"class":71},[943,96791,96793],{"id":96792},"key-difference","Key difference",[30,96795,96796,96801],{},[33,96797,96798,96800],{},[15,96799,96201],{}," adds one item",[33,96802,96803,96805],{},[15,96804,15184],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96807,96808,96809,620],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[614,96810,96812,96813,10968],{"href":96811},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96814,15184],{},[43,96816,17649],{"id":17648},[20,96818,96819,2646,96821,620],{},[15,96820,96206],{},[15,96822,1524],{},[20,96824,96825,96826,96828],{},"That means you should ",[1399,96827,1401],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[943,96830,96832],{"id":96831},"correct","Correct",[48,96834,96836],{"className":50,"code":96835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96837,96838,96858,96872,96876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96839,96840,96842,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96841,15859],{"class":63},[57,96843,68],{"class":67},[57,96845,10718],{"class":71},[57,96847,3231],{"class":75},[57,96849,79],{"class":71},[57,96851,87],{"class":75},[57,96853,79],{"class":71},[57,96855,1793],{"class":75},[57,96857,9536],{"class":71},[57,96859,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868,96870],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96861,15897],{"class":63},[57,96863,620],{"class":71},[57,96865,82308],{"class":113},[57,96867,105],{"class":71},[57,96869,647],{"class":75},[57,96871,316],{"class":71},[57,96873,96874],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96875,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,96877,96878,96880,96882,96884],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,96879,102],{"class":101},[57,96881,105],{"class":71},[57,96883,15897],{"class":113},[57,96885,316],{"class":71},[943,96887,96888],{"id":61987},"Wrong",[48,96890,96892],{"className":50,"code":96891,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96893,96894,96914,96933,96937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96895,96896,96898,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96897,15859],{"class":63},[57,96899,68],{"class":67},[57,96901,10718],{"class":71},[57,96903,3231],{"class":75},[57,96905,79],{"class":71},[57,96907,87],{"class":75},[57,96909,79],{"class":71},[57,96911,1793],{"class":75},[57,96913,9536],{"class":71},[57,96915,96916,96918,96920,96923,96925,96927,96929,96931],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96917,15859],{"class":63},[57,96919,68],{"class":67},[57,96921,96922],{"class":63}," my_set",[57,96924,620],{"class":71},[57,96926,82308],{"class":113},[57,96928,105],{"class":71},[57,96930,647],{"class":75},[57,96932,316],{"class":71},[57,96934,96935],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,96936,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,96938,96939,96941,96943,96945],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,96940,102],{"class":101},[57,96942,105],{"class":71},[57,96944,15897],{"class":113},[57,96946,316],{"class":71},[20,96948,96949],{},[1399,96950,216],{},[48,96952,96953],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,96954,96955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96956,96957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96958,12037],{"class":1523},[20,96960,96961],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[43,96963,96965],{"id":96964},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96967,96968],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[30,96970,96971,96973,96975,96977],{},[33,96972,56681],{},[33,96974,56684],{},[33,96976,96381],{},[33,96978,40823],{},[20,96980,864],{},[48,96982,96984],{"className":50,"code":96983,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96985,96986,96996,97000,97014,97032,97050,97064,97068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,96987,96988,96990,96992,96994],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,96989,1147],{"class":63},[57,96991,68],{"class":67},[57,96993,15864],{"class":1102},[57,96995,8870],{"class":71},[57,96997,96998],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,96999,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97001,97002,97004,97006,97008,97010,97012],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,97003,1199],{"class":63},[57,97005,620],{"class":71},[57,97007,82308],{"class":113},[57,97009,105],{"class":71},[57,97011,1561],{"class":75},[57,97013,316],{"class":71},[57,97015,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024,97026,97028,97030],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,97017,1199],{"class":63},[57,97019,620],{"class":71},[57,97021,82308],{"class":113},[57,97023,105],{"class":71},[57,97025,170],{"class":169},[57,97027,4084],{"class":173},[57,97029,170],{"class":169},[57,97031,316],{"class":71},[57,97033,97034,97036,97038,97040,97042,97044,97046,97048],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,97035,1199],{"class":63},[57,97037,620],{"class":71},[57,97039,82308],{"class":113},[57,97041,5742],{"class":71},[57,97043,3231],{"class":75},[57,97045,79],{"class":71},[57,97047,87],{"class":75},[57,97049,117],{"class":71},[57,97051,97052,97054,97056,97058,97060,97062],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,97053,1199],{"class":63},[57,97055,620],{"class":71},[57,97057,82308],{"class":113},[57,97059,105],{"class":71},[57,97061,3845],{"class":1523},[57,97063,316],{"class":71},[57,97065,97066],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,97067,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97069,97070,97072,97074,97076],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,97071,102],{"class":101},[57,97073,105],{"class":71},[57,97075,1199],{"class":113},[57,97077,316],{"class":71},[20,97079,97080],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[30,97082,97083,97086,97089],{},[33,97084,97085],{},"Lists",[33,97087,97088],{},"Dictionaries",[33,97090,97091],{},"Sets",[20,97093,97094],{},"Example that causes an error:",[48,97096,97098],{"className":50,"code":97097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97099,97100,97120],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97101,97102,97104,97106,97108,97110,97112,97114,97116,97118],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97103,1147],{"class":63},[57,97105,68],{"class":67},[57,97107,10718],{"class":71},[57,97109,3231],{"class":75},[57,97111,79],{"class":71},[57,97113,87],{"class":75},[57,97115,79],{"class":71},[57,97117,1793],{"class":75},[57,97119,9536],{"class":71},[57,97121,97122,97124,97126,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97123,1199],{"class":63},[57,97125,620],{"class":71},[57,97127,82308],{"class":113},[57,97129,1949],{"class":71},[57,97131,647],{"class":75},[57,97133,79],{"class":71},[57,97135,92],{"class":75},[57,97137,1975],{"class":71},[20,97139,97140],{},[1399,97141,1459],{},[48,97143,97145],{"className":50,"code":97144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97146,97147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97148,97149,97151,97153,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97150,1539],{"class":1102},[57,97152,270],{"class":71},[57,97154,97155],{"class":63}," unhashable ",[57,97157,1886],{"class":1102},[57,97159,270],{"class":71},[57,97161,3538],{"class":169},[57,97163,8321],{"class":173},[57,97165,29929],{"class":169},[20,97167,97168],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97170,97171,97172,620],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97173,97174],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[43,97176,1829],{"id":1828},[20,97178,14964,97179,270],{},[15,97180,96206],{},[30,97182,97183,97188,97193,97196,97203],{},[33,97184,443,97185,97187],{},[15,97186,96201],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[33,97189,1848,97190,97192],{},[15,97191,96201],{}," to return the updated set",[33,97194,97195],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[33,97197,37434,97198,97200,97201],{},[15,97199,96206],{}," with list ",[15,97202,52871],{},[33,97204,97205],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97207,71720],{},[48,97209,97211],{"className":50,"code":97210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97212,97213,97223,97237,97247,97261],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97214,97215,97217,97219,97221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97216,102],{"class":101},[57,97218,105],{"class":71},[57,97220,15897],{"class":113},[57,97222,316],{"class":71},[57,97224,97225,97227,97229,97231,97233,97235],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97226,102],{"class":101},[57,97228,105],{"class":71},[57,97230,1886],{"class":1102},[57,97232,105],{"class":71},[57,97234,15897],{"class":113},[57,97236,117],{"class":71},[57,97238,97239,97241,97243,97245],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,97240,102],{"class":101},[57,97242,105],{"class":71},[57,97244,364],{"class":113},[57,97246,316],{"class":71},[57,97248,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,97250,102],{"class":101},[57,97252,105],{"class":71},[57,97254,1886],{"class":1102},[57,97256,105],{"class":71},[57,97258,364],{"class":113},[57,97260,117],{"class":71},[57,97262,97263,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,97264,32382],{"class":101},[57,97266,105],{"class":71},[57,97268,6517],{"class":1102},[57,97270,620],{"class":71},[57,97272,82308],{"class":1108},[57,97274,316],{"class":71},[20,97276,97277,97278,97280,97281,620],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97279,96206],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[614,97282,53268],{"href":97283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[43,97285,2011],{"id":2010},[943,97287,12933,97289,97291],{"id":97288},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97290,96206],{}," return a new set?",[20,97293,97294,97295,620],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97296,1524],{},[943,97298,97300],{"id":97299},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97302,97303],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[943,97305,97307],{"id":97306},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97309,1806,97310,11320,97313,620],{},[15,97311,97312],{},"set.update()",[15,97314,96201],{},[943,97316,97318],{"id":97317},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97320,97321,97322,620],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97323,1539],{},[43,97325,2135],{"id":2134},[30,97327,97328,97332,97337],{},[33,97329,97330],{},[614,97331,96326],{"href":96325},[33,97333,97334],{},[614,97335,97336],{"href":96329},"How to create a set in Python",[33,97338,97339],{},[614,97340,96812,97341,10968],{"href":96811},[15,97342,15184],{},[20,97344,97345,97346,97348],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97347,96201],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2172,97350,97351],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":97353},[97354,97355,97357,97358,97359,97360,97364,97368,97369,97370,97377],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":96298,"depth":98,"text":97356},"What set.add() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":96541,"depth":98,"text":96542},{"id":96632,"depth":98,"text":97361,"children":97362},"add() vs update()",[97363],{"id":96792,"depth":120,"text":96793},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649,"children":97365},[97366,97367],{"id":96831,"depth":120,"text":96832},{"id":61987,"depth":120,"text":96888},{"id":96964,"depth":98,"text":96965},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":97371},[97372,97374,97375,97376],{"id":97288,"depth":120,"text":97373},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97299,"depth":120,"text":97300},{"id":97306,"depth":120,"text":97307},{"id":97317,"depth":120,"text":97318},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96192,"description":97378},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97385,"title":97386,"body":97387,"description":98556,"extension":2219,"meta":98557,"navigation":123,"path":98558,"seo":98559,"stem":98560,"__hash__":98561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97388,"toc":98523},[97389,97394,97400,97407,97452,97454,97465,97470,97475,97479,97493,97498,97500,97502,97517,97519,97533,97535,97537,97602,97604,97614,97616,97634,97640,97647,97652,97726,97728,97745,97751,97756,97827,97829,97856,97873,97876,97882,97884,97891,97895,97962,97964,97979,97982,98035,98037,98045,98057,98059,98063,98068,98070,98119,98121,98129,98131,98176,98178,98188,98194,98202,98215,98221,98223,98252,98254,98272,98276,98279,98310,98312,98330,98334,98409,98411,98427,98434,98436,98441,98446,98452,98455,98459,98467,98474,98482,98484,98520],[10,97390,96198,97392,11549],{"id":97391},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97393,11548],{},[20,97395,97396,97399],{},[15,97397,97398],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97401,97402,97403,97406],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[1399,97404,97405],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[48,97408,97410],{"className":50,"code":97409,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97411,97412,97432,97442],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97413,97414,97416,97418,97420,97422,97424,97426,97428,97430],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97415,64],{"class":63},[57,97417,68],{"class":67},[57,97419,10718],{"class":71},[57,97421,3231],{"class":75},[57,97423,79],{"class":71},[57,97425,87],{"class":75},[57,97427,79],{"class":71},[57,97429,1793],{"class":75},[57,97431,9536],{"class":71},[57,97433,97434,97436,97438,97440],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97435,114],{"class":63},[57,97437,620],{"class":71},[57,97439,11610],{"class":113},[57,97441,8870],{"class":71},[57,97443,97444,97446,97448,97450],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,97445,102],{"class":101},[57,97447,105],{"class":71},[57,97449,114],{"class":113},[57,97451,316],{"class":71},[20,97453,216],{},[48,97455,97457],{"className":50,"code":97456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n",[15,97458,97459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97460,97461,97463],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97462,6517],{"class":1102},[57,97464,8870],{"class":71},[20,97466,97467,97469],{},[15,97468,11548],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[43,97471,262,97473,265],{"id":97472},"what-setclear-does",[15,97474,97398],{},[20,97476,935,97477,11640],{},[15,97478,11548],{},[30,97480,97481,97484,97486,97490],{},[33,97482,97483],{},"Removes every item from a set",[33,97485,96313],{},[33,97487,11651,97488],{},[15,97489,1524],{},[33,97491,97492],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97494,96322,97495,71819],{},[614,97496,96326],{"href":97497},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[43,97499,294],{"id":293},[20,97501,54666],{},[48,97503,97505],{"className":50,"code":97504,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97506,97507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97508,97509,97511,97513,97515],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97510,15897],{"class":63},[57,97512,620],{"class":71},[57,97514,11610],{"class":113},[57,97516,8870],{"class":71},[20,97518,13282],{},[30,97520,97521,97524,97527,97530],{},[33,97522,97523],{},"It takes no arguments",[33,97525,97526],{},"It empties the set",[33,97528,97529],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[33,97531,97532],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[43,97534,11703],{"id":11702},[20,97536,11706],{},[48,97538,97540],{"className":50,"code":97539,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97541,97542,97574,97578,97588,97592],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97543,97544,97546,97548,97550,97552,97554,97556,97558,97560,97562,97564,97566,97568,97570,97572],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97545,13306],{"class":63},[57,97547,68],{"class":67},[57,97549,10718],{"class":71},[57,97551,170],{"class":169},[57,97553,13323],{"class":173},[57,97555,170],{"class":169},[57,97557,79],{"class":71},[57,97559,181],{"class":169},[57,97561,17686],{"class":173},[57,97563,170],{"class":169},[57,97565,79],{"class":71},[57,97567,181],{"class":169},[57,97569,13340],{"class":173},[57,97571,170],{"class":169},[57,97573,9536],{"class":71},[57,97575,97576],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97577,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97579,97580,97582,97584,97586],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,97581,17733],{"class":63},[57,97583,620],{"class":71},[57,97585,11610],{"class":113},[57,97587,8870],{"class":71},[57,97589,97590],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,97591,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97593,97594,97596,97598,97600],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,97595,102],{"class":101},[57,97597,105],{"class":71},[57,97599,17733],{"class":113},[57,97601,316],{"class":71},[20,97603,216],{},[48,97605,97606],{"className":50,"code":97456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,97607,97608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97609,97610,97612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97611,6517],{"class":1102},[57,97613,8870],{"class":71},[20,97615,11912],{},[30,97617,97618,97623,97628],{},[33,97619,97620,97622],{},[15,97621,17733],{}," starts with three values",[33,97624,97625,11925],{},[15,97626,97627],{},"colors.clear()",[33,97629,97630,97631,97633],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97632,4035],{},", which means an empty set",[43,97635,97637,97639],{"id":97636},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97638,11548],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97641,97642,1242,97644,97646],{},[15,97643,11548],{},[15,97645,4035],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[943,97648,443,97650],{"id":97649},"using-clear",[15,97651,11548],{},[48,97653,97655],{"className":50,"code":97654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97656,97657,97677,97687,97691,97701,97705,97715],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97658,97659,97661,97663,97665,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97660,1147],{"class":63},[57,97662,68],{"class":67},[57,97664,10718],{"class":71},[57,97666,3231],{"class":75},[57,97668,79],{"class":71},[57,97670,87],{"class":75},[57,97672,79],{"class":71},[57,97674,1793],{"class":75},[57,97676,9536],{"class":71},[57,97678,97679,97682,97684],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97680,97681],{"class":63},"other_name ",[57,97683,68],{"class":67},[57,97685,97686],{"class":63}," items\n",[57,97688,97689],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,97690,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97692,97693,97695,97697,97699],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,97694,1199],{"class":63},[57,97696,620],{"class":71},[57,97698,11610],{"class":113},[57,97700,8870],{"class":71},[57,97702,97703],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,97704,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97706,97707,97709,97711,97713],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,97708,102],{"class":101},[57,97710,105],{"class":71},[57,97712,1199],{"class":113},[57,97714,316],{"class":71},[57,97716,97717,97719,97721,97724],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,97718,102],{"class":101},[57,97720,105],{"class":71},[57,97722,97723],{"class":113},"other_name",[57,97725,316],{"class":71},[20,97727,216],{},[48,97729,97731],{"className":50,"code":97730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97732,97733,97739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97734,97735,97737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97736,6517],{"class":1102},[57,97738,8870],{"class":71},[57,97740,97741,97743],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97742,6517],{"class":1102},[57,97744,8870],{"class":71},[20,97746,97747,97748,620],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[1399,97749,97750],{},"same set object",[943,97752,443,97754],{"id":97753},"using-set",[15,97755,4035],{},[48,97757,97759],{"className":50,"code":97758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97760,97761,97781,97789,97793,97803,97807,97817],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97762,97763,97765,97767,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777,97779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97764,1147],{"class":63},[57,97766,68],{"class":67},[57,97768,10718],{"class":71},[57,97770,3231],{"class":75},[57,97772,79],{"class":71},[57,97774,87],{"class":75},[57,97776,79],{"class":71},[57,97778,1793],{"class":75},[57,97780,9536],{"class":71},[57,97782,97783,97785,97787],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97784,97681],{"class":63},[57,97786,68],{"class":67},[57,97788,97686],{"class":63},[57,97790,97791],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,97792,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97794,97795,97797,97799,97801],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,97796,1147],{"class":63},[57,97798,68],{"class":67},[57,97800,15864],{"class":1102},[57,97802,8870],{"class":71},[57,97804,97805],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,97806,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97808,97809,97811,97813,97815],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,97810,102],{"class":101},[57,97812,105],{"class":71},[57,97814,1199],{"class":113},[57,97816,316],{"class":71},[57,97818,97819,97821,97823,97825],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,97820,102],{"class":101},[57,97822,105],{"class":71},[57,97824,97723],{"class":113},[57,97826,316],{"class":71},[20,97828,216],{},[48,97830,97832],{"className":50,"code":97831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97833,97834,97840],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97835,97836,97838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97837,6517],{"class":1102},[57,97839,8870],{"class":71},[57,97841,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852,97854],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97843,9505],{"class":71},[57,97845,3231],{"class":75},[57,97847,79],{"class":71},[57,97849,87],{"class":75},[57,97851,79],{"class":71},[57,97853,1793],{"class":75},[57,97855,9536],{"class":71},[20,97857,1023,97858,93090,97861,97864,97865,620,97867,97869,97870,97872],{},[15,97859,97860],{},"items = set()",[1399,97862,97863],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97866,1199],{},[10073,97868],{},"\nBut ",[15,97871,97723],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97874,97875],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97877,97878,97879,620],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[614,97880,96330],{"href":97881},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[43,97883,17649],{"id":17648},[20,97885,97886,14284,97888,97890],{},[15,97887,11548],{},[1399,97889,1401],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97892,5379,97893,620],{},[15,97894,1524],{},[48,97896,97898],{"className":50,"code":97897,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97899,97900,97920,97924,97938,97942,97952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97901,97902,97904,97906,97908,97910,97912,97914,97916,97918],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97903,64],{"class":63},[57,97905,68],{"class":67},[57,97907,10718],{"class":71},[57,97909,3231],{"class":75},[57,97911,79],{"class":71},[57,97913,87],{"class":75},[57,97915,79],{"class":71},[57,97917,1793],{"class":75},[57,97919,9536],{"class":71},[57,97921,97922],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97923,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97925,97926,97928,97930,97932,97934,97936],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,97927,1336],{"class":63},[57,97929,68],{"class":67},[57,97931,4495],{"class":63},[57,97933,620],{"class":71},[57,97935,11610],{"class":113},[57,97937,8870],{"class":71},[57,97939,97940],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,97941,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,97943,97944,97946,97948,97950],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,97945,102],{"class":101},[57,97947,105],{"class":71},[57,97949,1368],{"class":113},[57,97951,316],{"class":71},[57,97953,97954,97956,97958,97960],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,97955,102],{"class":101},[57,97957,105],{"class":71},[57,97959,114],{"class":113},[57,97961,316],{"class":71},[20,97963,216],{},[48,97965,97967],{"className":50,"code":97966,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"None\nset()\n",[15,97968,97969,97973],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97970,97971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97972,12037],{"class":1523},[57,97974,97975,97977],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,97976,6517],{"class":1102},[57,97978,8870],{"class":71},[20,97980,97981],{},"Do not do this:",[48,97983,97985],{"className":50,"code":97984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97986,97987,98007,98021,98025],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,97988,97989,97991,97993,97995,97997,97999,98001,98003,98005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,97990,64],{"class":63},[57,97992,68],{"class":67},[57,97994,10718],{"class":71},[57,97996,3231],{"class":75},[57,97998,79],{"class":71},[57,98000,87],{"class":75},[57,98002,79],{"class":71},[57,98004,1793],{"class":75},[57,98006,9536],{"class":71},[57,98008,98009,98011,98013,98015,98017,98019],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98010,64],{"class":63},[57,98012,68],{"class":67},[57,98014,4495],{"class":63},[57,98016,620],{"class":71},[57,98018,11610],{"class":113},[57,98020,8870],{"class":71},[57,98022,98023],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,98024,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,98026,98027,98029,98031,98033],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,98028,102],{"class":101},[57,98030,105],{"class":71},[57,98032,114],{"class":113},[57,98034,316],{"class":71},[20,98036,216],{},[48,98038,98039],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98040,98041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98042,98043],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98044,12037],{"class":1523},[20,98046,22419,98047,2646,98049,98051,98052,98054,98055,620],{},[15,98048,54779],{},[15,98050,1524],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98053,1524],{}," back to ",[15,98056,114],{},[43,98058,4751],{"id":4750},[20,98060,10975,98061,620],{},[15,98062,97398],{},[943,98064,12823,98066],{"id":98065},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98067,11548],{},[20,98069,16873],{},[48,98071,98073],{"className":50,"code":98072,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98074,98075,98095,98109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98076,98077,98079,98081,98083,98085,98087,98089,98091,98093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98078,15859],{"class":63},[57,98080,68],{"class":67},[57,98082,10718],{"class":71},[57,98084,3231],{"class":75},[57,98086,79],{"class":71},[57,98088,87],{"class":75},[57,98090,79],{"class":71},[57,98092,1793],{"class":75},[57,98094,9536],{"class":71},[57,98096,98097,98099,98101,98103,98105,98107],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98098,15859],{"class":63},[57,98100,68],{"class":67},[57,98102,96922],{"class":63},[57,98104,620],{"class":71},[57,98106,11610],{"class":113},[57,98108,8870],{"class":71},[57,98110,98111,98113,98115,98117],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,98112,102],{"class":101},[57,98114,105],{"class":71},[57,98116,15897],{"class":113},[57,98118,316],{"class":71},[20,98120,216],{},[48,98122,98123],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98124,98125],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98126,98127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98128,12037],{"class":1523},[20,98130,16885],{},[48,98132,98134],{"className":50,"code":98133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98135,98136,98156,98166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98137,98138,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152,98154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98139,15859],{"class":63},[57,98141,68],{"class":67},[57,98143,10718],{"class":71},[57,98145,3231],{"class":75},[57,98147,79],{"class":71},[57,98149,87],{"class":75},[57,98151,79],{"class":71},[57,98153,1793],{"class":75},[57,98155,9536],{"class":71},[57,98157,98158,98160,98162,98164],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98159,15897],{"class":63},[57,98161,620],{"class":71},[57,98163,11610],{"class":113},[57,98165,8870],{"class":71},[57,98167,98168,98170,98172,98174],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,98169,102],{"class":101},[57,98171,105],{"class":71},[57,98173,15897],{"class":113},[57,98175,316],{"class":71},[20,98177,216],{},[48,98179,98180],{"className":50,"code":97456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98181,98182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98183,98184,98186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98185,6517],{"class":1102},[57,98187,8870],{"class":71},[943,98189,1848,98191,98193],{"id":98190},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98192,11548],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98195,98196,98198,98199,98201],{},[15,98197,11548],{}," removes ",[1399,98200,3955],{}," items from the set.",[20,98203,98204,98205,3122,98210,620],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[614,98206,98208],{"href":98207},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98209,55748],{},[614,98211,98213],{"href":98212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98214,12992],{},[943,98216,443,98218,98220],{"id":98217},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98219,4030],{}," for an empty set",[20,98222,25921],{},[48,98224,98226],{"className":50,"code":98225,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98227,98228,98237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98229,98230,98233,98235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98231,98232],{"class":63},"empty_value ",[57,98234,68],{"class":67},[57,98236,10065],{"class":71},[57,98238,98239,98241,98243,98245,98247,98250],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98240,102],{"class":101},[57,98242,105],{"class":71},[57,98244,1886],{"class":1102},[57,98246,105],{"class":71},[57,98248,98249],{"class":113},"empty_value",[57,98251,117],{"class":71},[20,98253,216],{},[48,98255,98256],{"className":50,"code":9036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98257,98258],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98259,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98261,3532],{"class":67},[57,98263,3535],{"class":1208},[57,98265,3538],{"class":169},[57,98267,9049],{"class":173},[57,98269,3543],{"class":169},[57,98271,3546],{"class":67},[20,98273,98274,9016],{},[15,98275,4030],{},[20,98277,98278],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[48,98280,98282],{"className":50,"code":98281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98283,98284,98295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98285,98286,98289,98291,98293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98287,98288],{"class":63},"empty_set ",[57,98290,68],{"class":67},[57,98292,15864],{"class":1102},[57,98294,8870],{"class":71},[57,98296,98297,98299,98301,98303,98305,98308],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98298,102],{"class":101},[57,98300,105],{"class":71},[57,98302,1886],{"class":1102},[57,98304,105],{"class":71},[57,98306,98307],{"class":113},"empty_set",[57,98309,117],{"class":71},[20,98311,216],{},[48,98313,98314],{"className":50,"code":9080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98315,98316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98317,98318,98320,98322,98324,98326,98328],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98319,3532],{"class":67},[57,98321,3535],{"class":1208},[57,98323,3538],{"class":169},[57,98325,6517],{"class":173},[57,98327,3543],{"class":169},[57,98329,3546],{"class":67},[943,98331,98333],{"id":98332},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[48,98335,98337],{"className":50,"code":98336,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98338,98339,98363,98371,98375,98385,98389,98399],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98340,98341,98343,98345,98347,98349,98351,98353,98355,98357,98359,98361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98342,686],{"class":63},[57,98344,68],{"class":67},[57,98346,10718],{"class":71},[57,98348,170],{"class":169},[57,98350,1956],{"class":173},[57,98352,170],{"class":169},[57,98354,79],{"class":71},[57,98356,181],{"class":169},[57,98358,11974],{"class":173},[57,98360,170],{"class":169},[57,98362,9536],{"class":71},[57,98364,98365,98367,98369],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98366,696],{"class":63},[57,98368,68],{"class":67},[57,98370,36407],{"class":63},[57,98372,98373],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,98374,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,98376,98377,98379,98381,98383],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,98378,614],{"class":63},[57,98380,620],{"class":71},[57,98382,11610],{"class":113},[57,98384,8870],{"class":71},[57,98386,98387],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,98388,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,98390,98391,98393,98395,98397],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,98392,102],{"class":101},[57,98394,105],{"class":71},[57,98396,614],{"class":113},[57,98398,316],{"class":71},[57,98400,98401,98403,98405,98407],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,98402,102],{"class":101},[57,98404,105],{"class":71},[57,98406,4993],{"class":113},[57,98408,316],{"class":71},[20,98410,216],{},[48,98412,98413],{"className":50,"code":97730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98414,98415,98421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98416,98417,98419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98418,6517],{"class":1102},[57,98420,8870],{"class":71},[57,98422,98423,98425],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98424,6517],{"class":1102},[57,98426,8870],{"class":71},[20,98428,29292,98429,1242,98431,98433],{},[15,98430,614],{},[15,98432,4993],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[43,98435,2011],{"id":2010},[943,98437,2015,98439,2018],{"id":98438},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98440,97398],{},[20,98442,5379,98443,98445],{},[15,98444,1524],{},". It empties the set in place.",[943,98447,12933,98449,98451],{"id":98448},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98450,11548],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98453,98454],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[943,98456,98458],{"id":98457},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98460,98461,98462,98464,98465,620],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98463,11548],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98466,4035],{},[943,98468,2119,98470,1242,98472,2053],{"id":98469},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98471,11548],{},[15,98473,4035],{},[20,98475,98476,98478,98479,98481],{},[15,98477,11548],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98480,4035],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[43,98483,2135],{"id":2134},[30,98485,98486,98490,98494,98501,98507,98513],{},[33,98487,98488],{},[614,98489,96326],{"href":97497},[33,98491,98492],{},[614,98493,97336],{"href":97881},[33,98495,98496],{},[614,98497,96812,98499,10968],{"href":98498},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98500,96201],{},[33,98502,98503],{},[614,98504,96812,98505,10968],{"href":98207},[15,98506,55748],{},[33,98508,98509],{},[614,98510,96812,98511,10968],{"href":98212},[15,98512,12992],{},[33,98514,98515],{},[614,98516,96812,98518,10968],{"href":98517},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98519,15184],{},[2172,98521,98522],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":98524},[98525,98527,98528,98529,98536,98537,98546,98555],{"id":97472,"depth":98,"text":98526},"What set.clear() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":97636,"depth":98,"text":98530,"children":98531},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98532,98534],{"id":97649,"depth":120,"text":98533},"Using clear()",{"id":97753,"depth":120,"text":98535},"Using set()",{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":98538},[98539,98541,98543,98545],{"id":98065,"depth":120,"text":98540},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98190,"depth":120,"text":98542},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98217,"depth":120,"text":98544},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98332,"depth":120,"text":98333},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":98547},[98548,98550,98552,98553],{"id":98438,"depth":120,"text":98549},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98448,"depth":120,"text":98551},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98457,"depth":120,"text":98458},{"id":98469,"depth":120,"text":98554},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97386,"description":98556},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98563,"title":98564,"body":98565,"description":100397,"extension":2219,"meta":100398,"navigation":123,"path":96329,"seo":100399,"stem":100400,"__hash__":100401},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98566,"toc":100354},[98567,98570,98573,98576,98578,98681,98685,98732,98738,98740,98759,98763,98766,98768,98782,98791,98795,98798,98833,98837,98857,98860,98864,98867,98928,98932,98957,98964,98970,98975,98977,98989,98993,99042,99046,99070,99077,99081,99122,99126,99147,99151,99184,99188,99229,99232,99236,99241,99280,99284,99309,99314,99320,99357,99361,99384,99388,99390,99393,99396,99473,99477,99514,99517,99521,99527,99530,99540,99589,99595,99601,99628,99631,99653,99655,99686,99689,99693,99697,99736,99740,99803,99806,99839,99843,99868,99870,99873,99879,99882,99909,99912,99930,99934,99938,99941,99984,99987,99991,99994,99997,100027,100030,100034,100037,100052,100057,100061,100064,100153,100155,100158,100248,100251,100269,100271,100275,100285,100289,100297,100301,100304,100308,100311,100315,100318,100320,100348,100351],[10,98568,98564],{"id":98569},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98571,98572],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98574,98575],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[43,98577,3850],{"id":3849},[48,98579,98581],{"className":50,"code":98580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98582,98583,98603,98637,98647,98651,98661,98671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98584,98585,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98586,64],{"class":63},[57,98588,68],{"class":67},[57,98590,10718],{"class":71},[57,98592,3231],{"class":75},[57,98594,79],{"class":71},[57,98596,87],{"class":75},[57,98598,79],{"class":71},[57,98600,1793],{"class":75},[57,98602,9536],{"class":71},[57,98604,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613,98615,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98606,162],{"class":63},[57,98608,68],{"class":67},[57,98610,15864],{"class":1102},[57,98612,1949],{"class":71},[57,98614,170],{"class":169},[57,98616,174],{"class":173},[57,98618,170],{"class":169},[57,98620,79],{"class":71},[57,98622,181],{"class":169},[57,98624,184],{"class":173},[57,98626,170],{"class":169},[57,98628,79],{"class":71},[57,98630,181],{"class":169},[57,98632,174],{"class":173},[57,98634,170],{"class":169},[57,98636,1975],{"class":71},[57,98638,98639,98641,98643,98645],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,98640,98288],{"class":63},[57,98642,68],{"class":67},[57,98644,15864],{"class":1102},[57,98646,8870],{"class":71},[57,98648,98649],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,98650,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,98652,98653,98655,98657,98659],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,98654,102],{"class":101},[57,98656,105],{"class":71},[57,98658,114],{"class":113},[57,98660,316],{"class":71},[57,98662,98663,98665,98667,98669],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,98664,102],{"class":101},[57,98666,105],{"class":71},[57,98668,211],{"class":113},[57,98670,316],{"class":71},[57,98672,98673,98675,98677,98679],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,98674,102],{"class":101},[57,98676,105],{"class":71},[57,98678,98307],{"class":113},[57,98680,316],{"class":71},[20,98682,98683],{},[1399,98684,216],{},[48,98686,98688],{"className":50,"code":98687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98689,98690,98706,98726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98691,98692,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98693,9505],{"class":71},[57,98695,3231],{"class":75},[57,98697,79],{"class":71},[57,98699,87],{"class":75},[57,98701,79],{"class":71},[57,98703,1793],{"class":75},[57,98705,9536],{"class":71},[57,98707,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98709,9505],{"class":71},[57,98711,3543],{"class":169},[57,98713,184],{"class":173},[57,98715,3543],{"class":169},[57,98717,79],{"class":71},[57,98719,3538],{"class":169},[57,98721,174],{"class":173},[57,98723,3543],{"class":169},[57,98725,9536],{"class":71},[57,98727,98728,98730],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,98729,6517],{"class":1102},[57,98731,8870],{"class":71},[20,98733,98734,98735,98737],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98736,4035],{}," for an empty set.",[43,98739,15393],{"id":15392},[30,98741,98742,98745,98750,98753,98756],{},[33,98743,98744],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[33,98746,98747,98748],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98749,4035],{},[33,98751,98752],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[33,98754,98755],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[33,98757,98758],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[43,98760,98762],{"id":98761},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98764,98765],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98767,30770],{},[30,98769,98770,98773,98776,98779],{},[33,98771,98772],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[33,98774,98775],{},"Sets are unordered",[33,98777,98778],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[33,98780,98781],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98783,98784,98785,3122,98787,620],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[614,98786,96326],{"href":97497},[614,98788,98790],{"href":98789},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[43,98792,98794],{"id":98793},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98796,98797],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[48,98799,98801],{"className":50,"code":98800,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98802,98803,98823],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98804,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98806,64],{"class":63},[57,98808,68],{"class":67},[57,98810,10718],{"class":71},[57,98812,3231],{"class":75},[57,98814,79],{"class":71},[57,98816,87],{"class":75},[57,98818,79],{"class":71},[57,98820,1793],{"class":75},[57,98822,9536],{"class":71},[57,98824,98825,98827,98829,98831],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98826,102],{"class":101},[57,98828,105],{"class":71},[57,98830,114],{"class":113},[57,98832,316],{"class":71},[20,98834,98835],{},[1399,98836,30259],{},[48,98838,98839],{"className":50,"code":96605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,98840,98841],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98842,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98844,9505],{"class":71},[57,98846,3231],{"class":75},[57,98848,79],{"class":71},[57,98850,87],{"class":75},[57,98852,79],{"class":71},[57,98854,1793],{"class":75},[57,98856,9536],{"class":71},[20,98858,98859],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[943,98861,98863],{"id":98862},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98865,98866],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[48,98868,98870],{"className":50,"code":98869,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98871,98872,98904,98914],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98873,98874,98876,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98875,64],{"class":63},[57,98877,68],{"class":67},[57,98879,10718],{"class":71},[57,98881,3231],{"class":75},[57,98883,79],{"class":71},[57,98885,87],{"class":75},[57,98887,79],{"class":71},[57,98889,87],{"class":75},[57,98891,79],{"class":71},[57,98893,1793],{"class":75},[57,98895,79],{"class":71},[57,98897,1793],{"class":75},[57,98899,79],{"class":71},[57,98901,1793],{"class":75},[57,98903,9536],{"class":71},[57,98905,98906,98908,98910,98912],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98907,102],{"class":101},[57,98909,105],{"class":71},[57,98911,114],{"class":113},[57,98913,316],{"class":71},[57,98915,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,98917,102],{"class":101},[57,98919,105],{"class":71},[57,98921,1007],{"class":101},[57,98923,105],{"class":71},[57,98925,114],{"class":113},[57,98927,117],{"class":71},[20,98929,98930],{},[1399,98931,30259],{},[48,98933,98935],{"className":50,"code":98934,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98936,98937,98953],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98938,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949,98951],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,98940,9505],{"class":71},[57,98942,3231],{"class":75},[57,98944,79],{"class":71},[57,98946,87],{"class":75},[57,98948,79],{"class":71},[57,98950,1793],{"class":75},[57,98952,9536],{"class":71},[57,98954,98955],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,98956,46841],{"class":75},[20,98958,21208,98959,1242,98961,98963],{},[15,98960,1788],{},[15,98962,76],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[43,98965,98967,98968],{"id":98966},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98969,4035],{},[20,98971,1806,98972,98974],{},[15,98973,4035],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98976,5688],{},[30,98978,98979,98981,98983,98985],{},[33,98980,97085],{},[33,98982,96381],{},[33,98984,56684],{},[33,98986,98987],{},[15,98988,36430],{},[943,98990,98992],{"id":98991},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[48,98994,98996],{"className":50,"code":98995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98997,98998,99032],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,98999,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99001,64],{"class":63},[57,99003,68],{"class":67},[57,99005,15864],{"class":1102},[57,99007,1949],{"class":71},[57,99009,3231],{"class":75},[57,99011,79],{"class":71},[57,99013,87],{"class":75},[57,99015,79],{"class":71},[57,99017,87],{"class":75},[57,99019,79],{"class":71},[57,99021,1793],{"class":75},[57,99023,79],{"class":71},[57,99025,1793],{"class":75},[57,99027,79],{"class":71},[57,99029,2706],{"class":75},[57,99031,1975],{"class":71},[57,99033,99034,99036,99038,99040],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99035,102],{"class":101},[57,99037,105],{"class":71},[57,99039,114],{"class":113},[57,99041,316],{"class":71},[20,99043,99044],{},[1399,99045,30259],{},[48,99047,99048],{"className":50,"code":96268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99049,99050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99051,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99053,9505],{"class":71},[57,99055,3231],{"class":75},[57,99057,79],{"class":71},[57,99059,87],{"class":75},[57,99061,79],{"class":71},[57,99063,1793],{"class":75},[57,99065,79],{"class":71},[57,99067,2706],{"class":75},[57,99069,9536],{"class":71},[20,99071,99072,99073,620],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[614,99074,99076],{"href":99075},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[943,99078,99080],{"id":99079},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[48,99082,99084],{"className":50,"code":99083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99085,99086,99112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99087,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108,99110],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99089,4061],{"class":63},[57,99091,68],{"class":67},[57,99093,15864],{"class":1102},[57,99095,5742],{"class":71},[57,99097,1561],{"class":75},[57,99099,79],{"class":71},[57,99101,1617],{"class":75},[57,99103,79],{"class":71},[57,99105,1617],{"class":75},[57,99107,79],{"class":71},[57,99109,1575],{"class":75},[57,99111,117],{"class":71},[57,99113,99114,99116,99118,99120],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99115,102],{"class":101},[57,99117,105],{"class":71},[57,99119,5589],{"class":113},[57,99121,316],{"class":71},[20,99123,99124],{},[1399,99125,30259],{},[48,99127,99129],{"className":50,"code":99128,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99130,99131],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99132,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99134,9505],{"class":71},[57,99136,1561],{"class":75},[57,99138,79],{"class":71},[57,99140,1617],{"class":75},[57,99142,79],{"class":71},[57,99144,1575],{"class":75},[57,99146,9536],{"class":71},[943,99148,99150],{"id":99149},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[48,99152,99154],{"className":50,"code":99153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99155,99156,99174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99157,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99159,36322],{"class":63},[57,99161,68],{"class":67},[57,99163,15864],{"class":1102},[57,99165,105],{"class":71},[57,99167,170],{"class":169},[57,99169,4084],{"class":173},[57,99171,170],{"class":169},[57,99173,316],{"class":71},[57,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99177,102],{"class":101},[57,99179,105],{"class":71},[57,99181,36375],{"class":113},[57,99183,316],{"class":71},[20,99185,99186],{},[1399,99187,30259],{},[48,99189,99191],{"className":50,"code":99190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99192,99193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99194,99195,99197,99199,99201,99203,99205,99207,99209,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99196,9505],{"class":71},[57,99198,3543],{"class":169},[57,99200,60656],{"class":173},[57,99202,3543],{"class":169},[57,99204,79],{"class":71},[57,99206,3538],{"class":169},[57,99208,60665],{"class":173},[57,99210,3543],{"class":169},[57,99212,79],{"class":71},[57,99214,3538],{"class":169},[57,99216,60674],{"class":173},[57,99218,3543],{"class":169},[57,99220,79],{"class":71},[57,99222,3538],{"class":169},[57,99224,60691],{"class":173},[57,99226,3543],{"class":169},[57,99228,9536],{"class":71},[20,99230,99231],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[43,99233,99235],{"id":99234},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99237,99238,99239,620],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99240,4035],{},[48,99242,99244],{"className":50,"code":99243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99245,99246,99256,99266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99247,99248,99250,99252,99254],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99249,98288],{"class":63},[57,99251,68],{"class":67},[57,99253,15864],{"class":1102},[57,99255,8870],{"class":71},[57,99257,99258,99260,99262,99264],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99259,102],{"class":101},[57,99261,105],{"class":71},[57,99263,98307],{"class":113},[57,99265,316],{"class":71},[57,99267,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,99269,102],{"class":101},[57,99271,105],{"class":71},[57,99273,1886],{"class":1102},[57,99275,105],{"class":71},[57,99277,98307],{"class":113},[57,99279,117],{"class":71},[20,99281,99282],{},[1399,99283,216],{},[48,99285,99287],{"className":50,"code":99286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99288,99289,99295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99290,99291,99293],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99292,6517],{"class":1102},[57,99294,8870],{"class":71},[57,99296,99297,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99298,3532],{"class":67},[57,99300,3535],{"class":1208},[57,99302,3538],{"class":169},[57,99304,6517],{"class":173},[57,99306,3543],{"class":169},[57,99308,3546],{"class":67},[943,99310,44654,99312],{"id":99311},"do-not-use",[15,99313,4030],{},[20,99315,99316,99317,99319],{},"Empty braces do ",[1399,99318,1401],{}," create a set.",[48,99321,99323],{"className":50,"code":99322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99324,99325,99333,99343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99326,99327,99329,99331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99328,98232],{"class":63},[57,99330,68],{"class":67},[57,99332,10065],{"class":71},[57,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99336,102],{"class":101},[57,99338,105],{"class":71},[57,99340,98249],{"class":113},[57,99342,316],{"class":71},[57,99344,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,99346,102],{"class":101},[57,99348,105],{"class":71},[57,99350,1886],{"class":1102},[57,99352,105],{"class":71},[57,99354,98249],{"class":113},[57,99356,117],{"class":71},[20,99358,99359],{},[1399,99360,216],{},[48,99362,99364],{"className":50,"code":99363,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99365,99366,99370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99367,99368],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99369,9662],{"class":71},[57,99371,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99373,3532],{"class":67},[57,99375,3535],{"class":1208},[57,99377,3538],{"class":169},[57,99379,9049],{"class":173},[57,99381,3543],{"class":169},[57,99383,3546],{"class":67},[20,99385,99386,9016],{},[15,99387,4030],{},[43,99389,72481],{"id":72480},[20,99391,99392],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99394,99395],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[48,99397,99399],{"className":50,"code":99398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99400,99401,99449,99459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99402,99403,99405,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439,99441,99443,99445,99447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99404,162],{"class":63},[57,99406,68],{"class":67},[57,99408,10718],{"class":71},[57,99410,170],{"class":169},[57,99412,174],{"class":173},[57,99414,170],{"class":169},[57,99416,79],{"class":71},[57,99418,181],{"class":169},[57,99420,184],{"class":173},[57,99422,170],{"class":169},[57,99424,79],{"class":71},[57,99426,181],{"class":169},[57,99428,174],{"class":173},[57,99430,170],{"class":169},[57,99432,79],{"class":71},[57,99434,181],{"class":169},[57,99436,174],{"class":173},[57,99438,170],{"class":169},[57,99440,79],{"class":71},[57,99442,181],{"class":169},[57,99444,33451],{"class":173},[57,99446,170],{"class":169},[57,99448,9536],{"class":71},[57,99450,99451,99453,99455,99457],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99452,102],{"class":101},[57,99454,105],{"class":71},[57,99456,211],{"class":113},[57,99458,316],{"class":71},[57,99460,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,99462,102],{"class":101},[57,99464,105],{"class":71},[57,99466,1007],{"class":101},[57,99468,105],{"class":71},[57,99470,211],{"class":113},[57,99472,117],{"class":71},[20,99474,99475],{},[1399,99476,30259],{},[48,99478,99480],{"className":50,"code":99479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99481,99482,99510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99483,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99485,9505],{"class":71},[57,99487,3543],{"class":169},[57,99489,184],{"class":173},[57,99491,3543],{"class":169},[57,99493,79],{"class":71},[57,99495,3538],{"class":169},[57,99497,33451],{"class":173},[57,99499,3543],{"class":169},[57,99501,79],{"class":71},[57,99503,3538],{"class":169},[57,99505,174],{"class":173},[57,99507,3543],{"class":169},[57,99509,9536],{"class":71},[57,99511,99512],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99513,46841],{"class":75},[20,99515,99516],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[43,99518,99520],{"id":99519},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99522,99523,99524,99526],{},"Set items must be ",[1399,99525,96369],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99528,99529],{},"These usually work:",[30,99531,99532,99534,99536,99538],{},[33,99533,56681],{},[33,99535,56684],{},[33,99537,96381],{},[33,99539,40823],{},[48,99541,99543],{"className":50,"code":99542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99544,99545,99579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99546,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99548,4061],{"class":63},[57,99550,68],{"class":67},[57,99552,10718],{"class":71},[57,99554,3231],{"class":75},[57,99556,79],{"class":71},[57,99558,181],{"class":169},[57,99560,174],{"class":173},[57,99562,170],{"class":169},[57,99564,79],{"class":71},[57,99566,9463],{"class":71},[57,99568,1561],{"class":75},[57,99570,79],{"class":71},[57,99572,1617],{"class":75},[57,99574,9460],{"class":71},[57,99576,4150],{"class":1523},[57,99578,9536],{"class":71},[57,99580,99581,99583,99585,99587],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99582,102],{"class":101},[57,99584,105],{"class":71},[57,99586,5589],{"class":113},[57,99588,316],{"class":71},[20,99590,99591,99592,99594],{},"These do ",[1399,99593,1401],{}," work directly:",[30,99596,99597,99599],{},[33,99598,97085],{},[33,99600,97088],{},[48,99602,99604],{"className":50,"code":99603,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99605,99606],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99607,99608,99611,99613,99616,99618,99620,99622,99624,99626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99609,99610],{"class":63},"bad_set ",[57,99612,68],{"class":67},[57,99614,99615],{"class":71}," {[",[57,99617,3231],{"class":75},[57,99619,79],{"class":71},[57,99621,87],{"class":75},[57,99623,79],{"class":71},[57,99625,1793],{"class":75},[57,99627,13936],{"class":71},[20,99629,99630],{},"This raises an error:",[48,99632,99633],{"className":50,"code":97144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99634,99635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99636,99637,99639,99641,99643,99645,99647,99649,99651],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99638,1539],{"class":1102},[57,99640,270],{"class":71},[57,99642,97155],{"class":63},[57,99644,1886],{"class":1102},[57,99646,270],{"class":71},[57,99648,3538],{"class":169},[57,99650,8321],{"class":173},[57,99652,29929],{"class":169},[20,99654,546],{},[48,99656,99658],{"className":50,"code":99657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99659,99660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99661,99662,99664,99666,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99663,99610],{"class":63},[57,99665,68],{"class":67},[57,99667,99668],{"class":71}," {{",[57,99670,170],{"class":169},[57,99672,7898],{"class":173},[57,99674,170],{"class":169},[57,99676,270],{"class":71},[57,99678,181],{"class":169},[57,99680,7907],{"class":173},[57,99682,170],{"class":169},[57,99684,99685],{"class":71},"}}\n",[20,99687,99688],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,99690,99692],{"id":99691},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[943,99694,99696],{"id":99695},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[48,99698,99700],{"className":50,"code":99699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99701,99702,99726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99703,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99705,64],{"class":63},[57,99707,68],{"class":67},[57,99709,10718],{"class":71},[57,99711,3231],{"class":75},[57,99713,79],{"class":71},[57,99715,87],{"class":75},[57,99717,79],{"class":71},[57,99719,1793],{"class":75},[57,99721,79],{"class":71},[57,99723,2706],{"class":75},[57,99725,9536],{"class":71},[57,99727,99728,99730,99732,99734],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99729,102],{"class":101},[57,99731,105],{"class":71},[57,99733,114],{"class":113},[57,99735,316],{"class":71},[943,99737,99739],{"id":99738},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[48,99741,99743],{"className":50,"code":99742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99744,99745,99773,99788,99792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99746,99747,99749,99751,99753,99755,99757,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99748,1147],{"class":63},[57,99750,68],{"class":67},[57,99752,72],{"class":71},[57,99754,3231],{"class":75},[57,99756,79],{"class":71},[57,99758,5729],{"class":75},[57,99760,79],{"class":71},[57,99762,87],{"class":75},[57,99764,79],{"class":71},[57,99766,1793],{"class":75},[57,99768,79],{"class":71},[57,99770,1793],{"class":75},[57,99772,95],{"class":71},[57,99774,99775,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99776,99777],{"class":63},"unique_items ",[57,99779,68],{"class":67},[57,99781,15864],{"class":1102},[57,99783,105],{"class":71},[57,99785,1199],{"class":113},[57,99787,316],{"class":71},[57,99789,99790],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,99791,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,99793,99794,99796,99798,99801],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,99795,102],{"class":101},[57,99797,105],{"class":71},[57,99799,99800],{"class":113},"unique_items",[57,99802,316],{"class":71},[943,99804,99150],{"id":99805},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[48,99807,99809],{"className":50,"code":99808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99810,99811,99829],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99812,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823,99825,99827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99814,36322],{"class":63},[57,99816,68],{"class":67},[57,99818,15864],{"class":1102},[57,99820,105],{"class":71},[57,99822,170],{"class":169},[57,99824,184],{"class":173},[57,99826,170],{"class":169},[57,99828,316],{"class":71},[57,99830,99831,99833,99835,99837],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99832,102],{"class":101},[57,99834,105],{"class":71},[57,99836,36375],{"class":113},[57,99838,316],{"class":71},[943,99840,99842],{"id":99841},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[48,99844,99846],{"className":50,"code":99845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99847,99848,99858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99849,99850,99852,99854,99856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99851,98288],{"class":63},[57,99853,68],{"class":67},[57,99855,15864],{"class":1102},[57,99857,8870],{"class":71},[57,99859,99860,99862,99864,99866],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99861,102],{"class":101},[57,99863,105],{"class":71},[57,99865,98307],{"class":113},[57,99867,316],{"class":71},[43,99869,1829],{"id":1828},[20,99871,99872],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[943,99874,443,99876,99878],{"id":99875},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99877,4030],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99880,99881],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[48,99883,99885],{"className":50,"code":99884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99886,99887,99895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99888,99889,99891,99893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99890,2696],{"class":63},[57,99892,68],{"class":67},[57,99894,10065],{"class":71},[57,99896,99897,99899,99901,99903,99905,99907],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99898,102],{"class":101},[57,99900,105],{"class":71},[57,99902,1886],{"class":1102},[57,99904,105],{"class":71},[57,99906,364],{"class":113},[57,99908,117],{"class":71},[20,99910,99911],{},"This prints:",[48,99913,99914],{"className":50,"code":9036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,99915,99916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99917,99918,99920,99922,99924,99926,99928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99919,3532],{"class":67},[57,99921,3535],{"class":1208},[57,99923,3538],{"class":169},[57,99925,9049],{"class":173},[57,99927,3543],{"class":169},[57,99929,3546],{"class":67},[20,99931,1806,99932,6861],{},[15,99933,4035],{},[943,99935,99937],{"id":99936},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99939,99940],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[48,99942,99944],{"className":50,"code":99943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99945,99946,99974],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,99947,99948,99950,99952,99954,99956,99958,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99970,99972],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,99949,64],{"class":63},[57,99951,68],{"class":67},[57,99953,10718],{"class":71},[57,99955,3231],{"class":75},[57,99957,79],{"class":71},[57,99959,5729],{"class":75},[57,99961,79],{"class":71},[57,99963,87],{"class":75},[57,99965,79],{"class":71},[57,99967,87],{"class":75},[57,99969,79],{"class":71},[57,99971,1793],{"class":75},[57,99973,9536],{"class":71},[57,99975,99976,99978,99980,99982],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,99977,102],{"class":101},[57,99979,105],{"class":71},[57,99981,114],{"class":113},[57,99983,316],{"class":71},[20,99985,99986],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[943,99988,99990],{"id":99989},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99992,99993],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99995,99996],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[48,99998,100000],{"className":50,"code":99999,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100001,100002,100022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100003,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012,100014,100016,100018,100020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100005,64],{"class":63},[57,100007,68],{"class":67},[57,100009,10718],{"class":71},[57,100011,1561],{"class":75},[57,100013,79],{"class":71},[57,100015,1617],{"class":75},[57,100017,79],{"class":71},[57,100019,1575],{"class":75},[57,100021,9536],{"class":71},[57,100023,100024],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100025,100026],{"class":3903},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100028,100029],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[943,100031,100033],{"id":100032},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100035,100036],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[48,100038,100040],{"className":50,"code":100039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100041,100042,100047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100043,100044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100045,100046],{"class":3903},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[57,100048,100049],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100050,100051],{"class":3903},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100053,100054,100055,620],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100056,1539],{},[943,100058,100060],{"id":100059},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100062,100063],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[48,100065,100067],{"className":50,"code":100066,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100068,100069,100089,100121,100125,100139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100070,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100072,15859],{"class":63},[57,100074,68],{"class":67},[57,100076,10718],{"class":71},[57,100078,3231],{"class":75},[57,100080,79],{"class":71},[57,100082,87],{"class":75},[57,100084,79],{"class":71},[57,100086,1793],{"class":75},[57,100088,9536],{"class":71},[57,100090,100091,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117,100119],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100092,11953],{"class":63},[57,100094,68],{"class":67},[57,100096,10718],{"class":71},[57,100098,170],{"class":169},[57,100100,614],{"class":173},[57,100102,170],{"class":169},[57,100104,270],{"class":71},[57,100106,5729],{"class":75},[57,100108,79],{"class":71},[57,100110,181],{"class":169},[57,100112,4993],{"class":173},[57,100114,170],{"class":169},[57,100116,270],{"class":71},[57,100118,87],{"class":75},[57,100120,9536],{"class":71},[57,100122,100123],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,100124,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,100126,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,100128,102],{"class":101},[57,100130,105],{"class":71},[57,100132,1886],{"class":1102},[57,100134,105],{"class":71},[57,100136,15897],{"class":113},[57,100138,117],{"class":71},[57,100140,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,100142,102],{"class":101},[57,100144,105],{"class":71},[57,100146,1886],{"class":1102},[57,100148,105],{"class":71},[57,100150,11677],{"class":113},[57,100152,117],{"class":71},[43,100154,92781],{"id":92780},[20,100156,100157],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[48,100159,100161],{"className":50,"code":100160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100162,100163,100189,100193,100207,100217,100231,100238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100164,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173,100175,100177,100179,100181,100183,100185,100187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100166,15859],{"class":63},[57,100168,68],{"class":67},[57,100170,15864],{"class":1102},[57,100172,1949],{"class":71},[57,100174,3231],{"class":75},[57,100176,79],{"class":71},[57,100178,87],{"class":75},[57,100180,79],{"class":71},[57,100182,87],{"class":75},[57,100184,79],{"class":71},[57,100186,1793],{"class":75},[57,100188,1975],{"class":71},[57,100190,100191],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100192,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,100194,100195,100197,100199,100201,100203,100205],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,100196,102],{"class":101},[57,100198,105],{"class":71},[57,100200,1886],{"class":1102},[57,100202,105],{"class":71},[57,100204,15897],{"class":113},[57,100206,117],{"class":71},[57,100208,100209,100211,100213,100215],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,100210,102],{"class":101},[57,100212,105],{"class":71},[57,100214,15897],{"class":113},[57,100216,316],{"class":71},[57,100218,100219,100221,100223,100225,100227,100229],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,100220,102],{"class":101},[57,100222,105],{"class":71},[57,100224,1007],{"class":101},[57,100226,105],{"class":71},[57,100228,15897],{"class":113},[57,100230,117],{"class":71},[57,100232,100233,100235],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,100234,102],{"class":101},[57,100236,100237],{"class":71},"({})\n",[57,100239,100240,100242,100244,100246],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,100241,102],{"class":101},[57,100243,105],{"class":71},[57,100245,6517],{"class":1102},[57,100247,1671],{"class":71},[20,100249,100250],{},"Use these to confirm:",[30,100252,100253,100256,100259,100262],{},[33,100254,100255],{},"The object type",[33,100257,100258],{},"The actual values stored",[33,100260,100261],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[33,100263,100264,100265,1242,100267],{},"The difference between ",[15,100266,4030],{},[15,100268,4035],{},[43,100270,2011],{"id":2010},[943,100272,100274],{"id":100273},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100276,100277,100278,100281,100282,100284],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100279,100280],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100283,4035],{}," with another iterable.",[943,100286,100288],{"id":100287},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100290,1806,100291,100293,100294,100296],{},[15,100292,4035],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100295,4030],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[943,100298,100300],{"id":100299},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100302,100303],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[943,100305,100307],{"id":100306},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100309,100310],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[943,100312,100314],{"id":100313},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100316,100317],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[43,100319,2135],{"id":2134},[30,100321,100322,100326,100332,100338,100343],{},[33,100323,100324],{},[614,100325,96326],{"href":97497},[33,100327,100328],{},[614,100329,13,100330,10968],{"href":98498},[15,100331,96206],{},[33,100333,100334],{},[614,100335,13,100336,10968],{"href":98517},[15,100337,97312],{},[33,100339,100340],{},[614,100341,100342],{"href":99075},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[33,100344,100345],{},[614,100346,100347],{"href":98789},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100349,100350],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2172,100352,100353],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":100355},[100356,100357,100358,100359,100362,100368,100372,100373,100374,100380,100388,100389,100396],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":15392,"depth":98,"text":15393},{"id":98761,"depth":98,"text":98762},{"id":98793,"depth":98,"text":98794,"children":100360},[100361],{"id":98862,"depth":120,"text":98863},{"id":98966,"depth":98,"text":100363,"children":100364},"Create a set with set()",[100365,100366,100367],{"id":98991,"depth":120,"text":98992},{"id":99079,"depth":120,"text":99080},{"id":99149,"depth":120,"text":99150},{"id":99234,"depth":98,"text":99235,"children":100369},[100370],{"id":99311,"depth":120,"text":100371},"Do not use {}",{"id":72480,"depth":98,"text":72481},{"id":99519,"depth":98,"text":99520},{"id":99691,"depth":98,"text":99692,"children":100375},[100376,100377,100378,100379],{"id":99695,"depth":120,"text":99696},{"id":99738,"depth":120,"text":99739},{"id":99805,"depth":120,"text":99150},{"id":99841,"depth":120,"text":99842},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":100381},[100382,100384,100385,100386,100387],{"id":99875,"depth":120,"text":100383},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99936,"depth":120,"text":99937},{"id":99989,"depth":120,"text":99990},{"id":100032,"depth":120,"text":100033},{"id":100059,"depth":120,"text":100060},{"id":92780,"depth":98,"text":92781},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":100390},[100391,100392,100393,100394,100395],{"id":100273,"depth":120,"text":100274},{"id":100287,"depth":120,"text":100288},{"id":100299,"depth":120,"text":100300},{"id":100306,"depth":120,"text":100307},{"id":100313,"depth":120,"text":100314},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98564,"description":100397},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100403,"title":100404,"body":100405,"description":102836,"extension":2219,"meta":102837,"navigation":123,"path":102838,"seo":102839,"stem":102840,"__hash__":102841},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100406,"toc":102801},[100407,100413,100419,100422,100424,100501,100503,100520,100530,100532,100537,100545,100547,100563,100567,100569,100571,100574,100595,100598,100622,100628,100630,100727,100729,100746,100756,100758,100760,100768,100770,100781,100783,100874,100876,100900,100911,100913,100915,100918,101048,101050,101123,101125,101146,101149,101151,101157,101162,101165,101292,101294,101311,101314,101316,101324,101327,101331,101339,101430,101432,101469,101474,101481,101558,101560,101576,101581,101586,101588,101597,101605,101686,101688,101717,101720,101724,101735,101738,101821,101823,101844,101850,101852,101854,101858,101862,101869,101934,101936,101956,101959,102028,102030,102046,102050,102056,102068,102076,102078,102163,102165,102194,102197,102201,102206,102208,102258,102261,102342,102344,102360,102364,102367,102442,102445,102449,102452,102529,102531,102564,102570,102574,102577,102712,102714,102728,102730,102732,102738,102741,102748,102756,102762,102765,102769,102772,102774,102776,102798],[10,100408,96198,100410,11549],{"id":100409},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100411,100412],{},"difference()",[20,100414,100415,100418],{},[15,100416,100417],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100420,100421],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[43,100423,3850],{"id":3849},[48,100425,100427],{"className":50,"code":100426,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100428,100429,100453,100473,100491],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100430,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441,100443,100445,100447,100449,100451],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100432,686],{"class":63},[57,100434,68],{"class":67},[57,100436,10718],{"class":71},[57,100438,3231],{"class":75},[57,100440,79],{"class":71},[57,100442,87],{"class":75},[57,100444,79],{"class":71},[57,100446,1793],{"class":75},[57,100448,79],{"class":71},[57,100450,2706],{"class":75},[57,100452,9536],{"class":71},[57,100454,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467,100469,100471],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100456,696],{"class":63},[57,100458,68],{"class":67},[57,100460,10718],{"class":71},[57,100462,76],{"class":75},[57,100464,79],{"class":71},[57,100466,2706],{"class":75},[57,100468,79],{"class":71},[57,100470,92],{"class":75},[57,100472,9536],{"class":71},[57,100474,100475,100477,100479,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,100476,1336],{"class":63},[57,100478,68],{"class":67},[57,100480,57107],{"class":63},[57,100482,620],{"class":71},[57,100484,3056],{"class":113},[57,100486,105],{"class":71},[57,100488,4993],{"class":113},[57,100490,316],{"class":71},[57,100492,100493,100495,100497,100499],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,100494,102],{"class":101},[57,100496,105],{"class":71},[57,100498,1368],{"class":113},[57,100500,316],{"class":71},[20,100502,216],{},[48,100504,100506],{"className":50,"code":100505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100507,100508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100509,100510,100512,100514,100516,100518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100511,9505],{"class":71},[57,100513,3231],{"class":75},[57,100515,79],{"class":71},[57,100517,87],{"class":75},[57,100519,9536],{"class":71},[20,100521,100522,100524,100525,100527,100528,620],{},[15,100523,100412],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100526,614],{}," that are not in ",[15,100529,4993],{},[45142,100531],{},[43,100533,262,100535,265],{"id":100534},"what-difference-does",[15,100536,100412],{},[20,100538,935,100539,100541,100542,100544],{},[15,100540,100412],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[1399,100543,1401],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100546,13282],{},[30,100548,100549,100554,100557,100560],{},[33,100550,100551,100553],{},[15,100552,100412],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[33,100555,100556],{},"It creates a new set",[33,100558,100559],{},"It does not change the original set",[33,100561,100562],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100564,96322,100565,620],{},[614,100566,96326],{"href":97497},[45142,100568],{},[43,100570,294],{"id":293},[20,100572,100573],{},"Use this form:",[48,100575,100577],{"className":50,"code":100576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100578,100579],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100580,100581,100584,100586,100588,100590,100593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100582,100583],{"class":63},"set1",[57,100585,620],{"class":71},[57,100587,3056],{"class":113},[57,100589,105],{"class":71},[57,100591,100592],{"class":113},"set2",[57,100594,316],{"class":71},[20,100596,100597],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[48,100599,100601],{"className":50,"code":100600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100602,100603],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100604,100605,100607,100609,100611,100613,100615,100617,100620],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100606,100583],{"class":63},[57,100608,620],{"class":71},[57,100610,3056],{"class":113},[57,100612,105],{"class":71},[57,100614,100592],{"class":113},[57,100616,79],{"class":71},[57,100618,100619],{"class":113}," set3",[57,100621,316],{"class":71},[20,100623,100624,100625,100627],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[1399,100626,5584],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100629,864],{},[48,100631,100633],{"className":50,"code":100632,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100634,100635,100663,100679,100691,100695,100717],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100636,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645,100647,100649,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659,100661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100638,686],{"class":63},[57,100640,68],{"class":67},[57,100642,10718],{"class":71},[57,100644,3231],{"class":75},[57,100646,79],{"class":71},[57,100648,87],{"class":75},[57,100650,79],{"class":71},[57,100652,1793],{"class":75},[57,100654,79],{"class":71},[57,100656,2706],{"class":75},[57,100658,79],{"class":71},[57,100660,92],{"class":75},[57,100662,9536],{"class":71},[57,100664,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675,100677],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100666,696],{"class":63},[57,100668,68],{"class":67},[57,100670,10718],{"class":71},[57,100672,1788],{"class":75},[57,100674,79],{"class":71},[57,100676,1793],{"class":75},[57,100678,9536],{"class":71},[57,100680,100681,100683,100685,100687,100689],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,100682,706],{"class":63},[57,100684,68],{"class":67},[57,100686,10718],{"class":71},[57,100688,2389],{"class":75},[57,100690,9536],{"class":71},[57,100692,100693],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,100694,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,100696,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,100698,1336],{"class":63},[57,100700,68],{"class":67},[57,100702,57107],{"class":63},[57,100704,620],{"class":71},[57,100706,3056],{"class":113},[57,100708,105],{"class":71},[57,100710,4993],{"class":113},[57,100712,79],{"class":71},[57,100714,738],{"class":113},[57,100716,316],{"class":71},[57,100718,100719,100721,100723,100725],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,100720,102],{"class":101},[57,100722,105],{"class":71},[57,100724,1368],{"class":113},[57,100726,316],{"class":71},[20,100728,216],{},[48,100730,100732],{"className":50,"code":100731,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100733,100734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100735,100736,100738,100740,100742,100744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100737,9505],{"class":71},[57,100739,3231],{"class":75},[57,100741,79],{"class":71},[57,100743,2706],{"class":75},[57,100745,9536],{"class":71},[20,100747,100748,100749,100751,100752,3122,100754,620],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100750,614],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100753,4993],{},[15,100755,9966],{},[45142,100757],{},[43,100759,17649],{"id":17648},[20,100761,100762,100764,100765,620],{},[15,100763,100412],{}," always returns a ",[1399,100766,100767],{},"new set",[20,100769,43875],{},[30,100771,100772,100775,100778],{},[33,100773,100774],{},"The return value is a new set",[33,100776,100777],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[33,100779,100780],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100782,864],{},[48,100784,100786],{"className":50,"code":100785,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100787,100788,100804,100824,100828,100846,100850,100860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100789,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800,100802],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100791,686],{"class":63},[57,100793,68],{"class":67},[57,100795,10718],{"class":71},[57,100797,3231],{"class":75},[57,100799,79],{"class":71},[57,100801,87],{"class":75},[57,100803,9536],{"class":71},[57,100805,100806,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100807,696],{"class":63},[57,100809,68],{"class":67},[57,100811,10718],{"class":71},[57,100813,3231],{"class":75},[57,100815,79],{"class":71},[57,100817,87],{"class":75},[57,100819,79],{"class":71},[57,100821,1793],{"class":75},[57,100823,9536],{"class":71},[57,100825,100826],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,100827,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,100829,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838,100840,100842,100844],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,100831,1336],{"class":63},[57,100833,68],{"class":67},[57,100835,57107],{"class":63},[57,100837,620],{"class":71},[57,100839,3056],{"class":113},[57,100841,105],{"class":71},[57,100843,4993],{"class":113},[57,100845,316],{"class":71},[57,100847,100848],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,100849,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,100851,100852,100854,100856,100858],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,100853,102],{"class":101},[57,100855,105],{"class":71},[57,100857,1368],{"class":113},[57,100859,316],{"class":71},[57,100861,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,100863,102],{"class":101},[57,100865,105],{"class":71},[57,100867,1886],{"class":1102},[57,100869,105],{"class":71},[57,100871,1368],{"class":113},[57,100873,117],{"class":71},[20,100875,216],{},[48,100877,100878],{"className":50,"code":99286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,100879,100880,100886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100881,100882,100884],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100883,6517],{"class":1102},[57,100885,8870],{"class":71},[57,100887,100888,100890,100892,100894,100896,100898],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100889,3532],{"class":67},[57,100891,3535],{"class":1208},[57,100893,3538],{"class":169},[57,100895,6517],{"class":173},[57,100897,3543],{"class":169},[57,100899,3546],{"class":67},[20,100901,100902,100903,19195,100905,100907,100908,100910],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100904,4035],{},[15,100906,4030],{},". In Python, ",[15,100909,4030],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45142,100912],{},[43,100914,11703],{"id":11702},[20,100916,100917],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[48,100919,100921],{"className":50,"code":100920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100922,100923,100956,100989,100993,101013,101017,101027,101038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,100924,100925,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,100926,100927],{"class":63},"fruits_a ",[57,100929,68],{"class":67},[57,100931,10718],{"class":71},[57,100933,170],{"class":169},[57,100935,174],{"class":173},[57,100937,170],{"class":169},[57,100939,79],{"class":71},[57,100941,181],{"class":169},[57,100943,184],{"class":173},[57,100945,170],{"class":169},[57,100947,79],{"class":71},[57,100949,181],{"class":169},[57,100951,33451],{"class":173},[57,100953,170],{"class":169},[57,100955,9536],{"class":71},[57,100957,100958,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985,100987],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,100959,100960],{"class":63},"fruits_b ",[57,100962,68],{"class":67},[57,100964,10718],{"class":71},[57,100966,170],{"class":169},[57,100968,184],{"class":173},[57,100970,170],{"class":169},[57,100972,79],{"class":71},[57,100974,181],{"class":169},[57,100976,33451],{"class":173},[57,100978,170],{"class":169},[57,100980,79],{"class":71},[57,100982,181],{"class":169},[57,100984,22763],{"class":173},[57,100986,170],{"class":169},[57,100988,9536],{"class":71},[57,100990,100991],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,100992,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,100994,100995,100997,100999,101002,101004,101006,101008,101011],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,100996,1336],{"class":63},[57,100998,68],{"class":67},[57,101000,101001],{"class":63}," fruits_a",[57,101003,620],{"class":71},[57,101005,3056],{"class":113},[57,101007,105],{"class":71},[57,101009,101010],{"class":113},"fruits_b",[57,101012,316],{"class":71},[57,101014,101015],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,101016,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101018,101019,101021,101023,101025],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,101020,102],{"class":101},[57,101022,105],{"class":71},[57,101024,1368],{"class":113},[57,101026,316],{"class":71},[57,101028,101029,101031,101033,101036],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,101030,102],{"class":101},[57,101032,105],{"class":71},[57,101034,101035],{"class":113},"fruits_a",[57,101037,316],{"class":71},[57,101039,101040,101042,101044,101046],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,101041,102],{"class":101},[57,101043,105],{"class":71},[57,101045,101010],{"class":113},[57,101047,316],{"class":71},[20,101049,30259],{},[48,101051,101053],{"className":50,"code":101052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101054,101055,101067,101095],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101056,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101058,9505],{"class":71},[57,101060,3543],{"class":169},[57,101062,174],{"class":173},[57,101064,3543],{"class":169},[57,101066,9536],{"class":71},[57,101068,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077,101079,101081,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101070,9505],{"class":71},[57,101072,3543],{"class":169},[57,101074,184],{"class":173},[57,101076,3543],{"class":169},[57,101078,79],{"class":71},[57,101080,3538],{"class":169},[57,101082,33451],{"class":173},[57,101084,3543],{"class":169},[57,101086,79],{"class":71},[57,101088,3538],{"class":169},[57,101090,174],{"class":173},[57,101092,3543],{"class":169},[57,101094,9536],{"class":71},[57,101096,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101098,9505],{"class":71},[57,101100,3543],{"class":169},[57,101102,184],{"class":173},[57,101104,3543],{"class":169},[57,101106,79],{"class":71},[57,101108,3538],{"class":169},[57,101110,33451],{"class":173},[57,101112,3543],{"class":169},[57,101114,79],{"class":71},[57,101116,3538],{"class":169},[57,101118,22763],{"class":173},[57,101120,3543],{"class":169},[57,101122,9536],{"class":71},[20,101124,11912],{},[30,101126,101127,101132,101137,101143],{},[33,101128,101129,101130],{},"Start with ",[15,101131,101035],{},[33,101133,101134,101135],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101136,101010],{},[33,101138,101139,101140,101142],{},"Only ",[15,101141,58053],{}," remains",[33,101144,101145],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101147,101148],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45142,101150],{},[43,101152,443,101154,101156],{"id":101153},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101155,100412],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101158,101159,101160,620],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101161,100412],{},[20,101163,101164],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[48,101166,101168],{"className":50,"code":101167,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101169,101170,101202,101219,101232,101249,101253,101282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101171,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101173,64],{"class":63},[57,101175,68],{"class":67},[57,101177,10718],{"class":71},[57,101179,3231],{"class":75},[57,101181,79],{"class":71},[57,101183,87],{"class":75},[57,101185,79],{"class":71},[57,101187,1793],{"class":75},[57,101189,79],{"class":71},[57,101191,2706],{"class":75},[57,101193,79],{"class":71},[57,101195,92],{"class":75},[57,101197,79],{"class":71},[57,101199,37874],{"class":75},[57,101201,9536],{"class":71},[57,101203,101204,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101205,101206],{"class":63},"group_a ",[57,101208,68],{"class":67},[57,101210,10718],{"class":71},[57,101212,1788],{"class":75},[57,101214,79],{"class":71},[57,101216,2706],{"class":75},[57,101218,9536],{"class":71},[57,101220,101221,101224,101226,101228,101230],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101222,101223],{"class":63},"group_b ",[57,101225,68],{"class":67},[57,101227,10718],{"class":71},[57,101229,2389],{"class":75},[57,101231,9536],{"class":71},[57,101233,101234,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,101235,101236],{"class":63},"group_c ",[57,101238,68],{"class":67},[57,101240,10718],{"class":71},[57,101242,80796],{"class":75},[57,101244,79],{"class":71},[57,101246,657],{"class":75},[57,101248,9536],{"class":71},[57,101250,101251],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,101252,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101254,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101270,101272,101275,101277,101280],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,101256,1336],{"class":63},[57,101258,68],{"class":67},[57,101260,4495],{"class":63},[57,101262,620],{"class":71},[57,101264,3056],{"class":113},[57,101266,105],{"class":71},[57,101268,101269],{"class":113},"group_a",[57,101271,79],{"class":71},[57,101273,101274],{"class":113}," group_b",[57,101276,79],{"class":71},[57,101278,101279],{"class":113}," group_c",[57,101281,316],{"class":71},[57,101283,101284,101286,101288,101290],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,101285,102],{"class":101},[57,101287,105],{"class":71},[57,101289,1368],{"class":113},[57,101291,316],{"class":71},[20,101293,216],{},[48,101295,101297],{"className":50,"code":101296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101298,101299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101300,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101302,9505],{"class":71},[57,101304,3231],{"class":75},[57,101306,79],{"class":71},[57,101308,1793],{"class":75},[57,101310,9536],{"class":71},[20,101312,101313],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45142,101315],{},[43,101317,101319,1682,101321],{"id":101318},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101320,100412],{},[15,101322,101323],{},"difference_update()",[20,101325,101326],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[943,101328,101329],{"id":3056},[15,101330,100412],{},[30,101332,101333,101336],{},[33,101334,101335],{},"Returns a new set",[33,101337,101338],{},"Does not change the original set",[48,101340,101342],{"className":50,"code":101341,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101343,101344,101368,101384,101388,101406,101410,101420],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101345,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101347,686],{"class":63},[57,101349,68],{"class":67},[57,101351,10718],{"class":71},[57,101353,3231],{"class":75},[57,101355,79],{"class":71},[57,101357,87],{"class":75},[57,101359,79],{"class":71},[57,101361,1793],{"class":75},[57,101363,79],{"class":71},[57,101365,2706],{"class":75},[57,101367,9536],{"class":71},[57,101369,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101371,696],{"class":63},[57,101373,68],{"class":67},[57,101375,10718],{"class":71},[57,101377,76],{"class":75},[57,101379,79],{"class":71},[57,101381,2706],{"class":75},[57,101383,9536],{"class":71},[57,101385,101386],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101387,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101389,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,101391,1336],{"class":63},[57,101393,68],{"class":67},[57,101395,57107],{"class":63},[57,101397,620],{"class":71},[57,101399,3056],{"class":113},[57,101401,105],{"class":71},[57,101403,4993],{"class":113},[57,101405,316],{"class":71},[57,101407,101408],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,101409,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101411,101412,101414,101416,101418],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,101413,102],{"class":101},[57,101415,105],{"class":71},[57,101417,1368],{"class":113},[57,101419,316],{"class":71},[57,101421,101422,101424,101426,101428],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,101423,102],{"class":101},[57,101425,105],{"class":71},[57,101427,614],{"class":113},[57,101429,316],{"class":71},[20,101431,216],{},[48,101433,101435],{"className":50,"code":101434,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101436,101437,101449],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101438,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101440,9505],{"class":71},[57,101442,3231],{"class":75},[57,101444,79],{"class":71},[57,101446,87],{"class":75},[57,101448,9536],{"class":71},[57,101450,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101452,9505],{"class":71},[57,101454,3231],{"class":75},[57,101456,79],{"class":71},[57,101458,87],{"class":75},[57,101460,79],{"class":71},[57,101462,1793],{"class":75},[57,101464,79],{"class":71},[57,101466,2706],{"class":75},[57,101468,9536],{"class":71},[943,101470,101472],{"id":101471},"difference_update",[15,101473,101323],{},[30,101475,101476,101479],{},[33,101477,101478],{},"Changes the original set",[33,101480,96316],{},[48,101482,101484],{"className":50,"code":101483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101485,101486,101510,101526,101530,101544,101548],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101487,101488,101490,101492,101494,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101489,686],{"class":63},[57,101491,68],{"class":67},[57,101493,10718],{"class":71},[57,101495,3231],{"class":75},[57,101497,79],{"class":71},[57,101499,87],{"class":75},[57,101501,79],{"class":71},[57,101503,1793],{"class":75},[57,101505,79],{"class":71},[57,101507,2706],{"class":75},[57,101509,9536],{"class":71},[57,101511,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101513,696],{"class":63},[57,101515,68],{"class":67},[57,101517,10718],{"class":71},[57,101519,76],{"class":75},[57,101521,79],{"class":71},[57,101523,2706],{"class":75},[57,101525,9536],{"class":71},[57,101527,101528],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101529,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101531,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,101533,614],{"class":63},[57,101535,620],{"class":71},[57,101537,101471],{"class":113},[57,101539,105],{"class":71},[57,101541,4993],{"class":113},[57,101543,316],{"class":71},[57,101545,101546],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,101547,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101549,101550,101552,101554,101556],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,101551,102],{"class":101},[57,101553,105],{"class":71},[57,101555,614],{"class":113},[57,101557,316],{"class":71},[20,101559,216],{},[48,101561,101562],{"className":50,"code":100505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,101563,101564],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101565,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101567,9505],{"class":71},[57,101569,3231],{"class":75},[57,101571,79],{"class":71},[57,101573,87],{"class":75},[57,101575,9536],{"class":71},[20,101577,1806,101578,101580],{},[15,101579,100412],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101582,101583,101584,33831],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101585,101323],{},[45142,101587],{},[43,101589,101591,101593,101594,101596],{"id":101590},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101592,100412],{}," vs the ",[15,101595,2277],{}," operator",[20,101598,935,101599,101601,101602,101604],{},[15,101600,2277],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101603,100412],{}," for two sets.",[48,101606,101608],{"className":50,"code":101607,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101609,101610,101634,101650,101654,101672],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101611,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101613,686],{"class":63},[57,101615,68],{"class":67},[57,101617,10718],{"class":71},[57,101619,3231],{"class":75},[57,101621,79],{"class":71},[57,101623,87],{"class":75},[57,101625,79],{"class":71},[57,101627,1793],{"class":75},[57,101629,79],{"class":71},[57,101631,2706],{"class":75},[57,101633,9536],{"class":71},[57,101635,101636,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101637,696],{"class":63},[57,101639,68],{"class":67},[57,101641,10718],{"class":71},[57,101643,76],{"class":75},[57,101645,79],{"class":71},[57,101647,2706],{"class":75},[57,101649,9536],{"class":71},[57,101651,101652],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101653,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101655,101656,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,101657,102],{"class":101},[57,101659,105],{"class":71},[57,101661,614],{"class":113},[57,101663,620],{"class":71},[57,101665,3056],{"class":113},[57,101667,105],{"class":71},[57,101669,4993],{"class":113},[57,101671,117],{"class":71},[57,101673,101674,101676,101678,101680,101682,101684],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,101675,102],{"class":101},[57,101677,105],{"class":71},[57,101679,686],{"class":113},[57,101681,2277],{"class":67},[57,101683,733],{"class":113},[57,101685,316],{"class":71},[20,101687,216],{},[48,101689,101691],{"className":50,"code":101690,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101692,101693,101705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101694,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101696,9505],{"class":71},[57,101698,3231],{"class":75},[57,101700,79],{"class":71},[57,101702,87],{"class":75},[57,101704,9536],{"class":71},[57,101706,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101708,9505],{"class":71},[57,101710,3231],{"class":75},[57,101712,79],{"class":71},[57,101714,87],{"class":75},[57,101716,9536],{"class":71},[20,101718,101719],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101721,94586,101722,2053],{},[15,101723,100412],{},[30,101725,101726,101729,101732],{},[33,101727,101728],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[33,101730,101731],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[33,101733,101734],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101736,101737],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[48,101739,101741],{"className":50,"code":101740,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101742,101743,101771,101783,101795,101799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101744,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101746,686],{"class":63},[57,101748,68],{"class":67},[57,101750,10718],{"class":71},[57,101752,3231],{"class":75},[57,101754,79],{"class":71},[57,101756,87],{"class":75},[57,101758,79],{"class":71},[57,101760,1793],{"class":75},[57,101762,79],{"class":71},[57,101764,2706],{"class":75},[57,101766,79],{"class":71},[57,101768,92],{"class":75},[57,101770,9536],{"class":71},[57,101772,101773,101775,101777,101779,101781],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101774,696],{"class":63},[57,101776,68],{"class":67},[57,101778,10718],{"class":71},[57,101780,1788],{"class":75},[57,101782,9536],{"class":71},[57,101784,101785,101787,101789,101791,101793],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101786,706],{"class":63},[57,101788,68],{"class":67},[57,101790,10718],{"class":71},[57,101792,647],{"class":75},[57,101794,9536],{"class":71},[57,101796,101797],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,101798,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101800,101801,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,101802,102],{"class":101},[57,101804,105],{"class":71},[57,101806,614],{"class":113},[57,101808,620],{"class":71},[57,101810,3056],{"class":113},[57,101812,105],{"class":71},[57,101814,4993],{"class":113},[57,101816,79],{"class":71},[57,101818,738],{"class":113},[57,101820,117],{"class":71},[20,101822,216],{},[48,101824,101826],{"className":50,"code":101825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101827,101828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101831,9505],{"class":71},[57,101833,3231],{"class":75},[57,101835,79],{"class":71},[57,101837,1793],{"class":75},[57,101839,79],{"class":71},[57,101841,92],{"class":75},[57,101843,9536],{"class":71},[20,101845,101846,101847,101849],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101848,2277],{}," operator expression.",[45142,101851],{},[43,101853,4751],{"id":4750},[20,101855,21442,101856,620],{},[15,101857,100412],{},[943,101859,101861],{"id":101860},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101863,4860,101864,101866,101867,270],{},[1399,101865,1401],{}," change ",[15,101868,614],{},[48,101870,101872],{"className":50,"code":101871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101873,101874,101894,101906,101910,101924],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101875,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101877,686],{"class":63},[57,101879,68],{"class":67},[57,101881,10718],{"class":71},[57,101883,3231],{"class":75},[57,101885,79],{"class":71},[57,101887,87],{"class":75},[57,101889,79],{"class":71},[57,101891,1793],{"class":75},[57,101893,9536],{"class":71},[57,101895,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101897,696],{"class":63},[57,101899,68],{"class":67},[57,101901,10718],{"class":71},[57,101903,76],{"class":75},[57,101905,9536],{"class":71},[57,101907,101908],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101909,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,101911,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,101913,614],{"class":63},[57,101915,620],{"class":71},[57,101917,3056],{"class":113},[57,101919,105],{"class":71},[57,101921,4993],{"class":113},[57,101923,316],{"class":71},[57,101925,101926,101928,101930,101932],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,101927,102],{"class":101},[57,101929,105],{"class":71},[57,101931,614],{"class":113},[57,101933,316],{"class":71},[20,101935,216],{},[48,101937,101938],{"className":50,"code":96605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,101939,101940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101941,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101943,9505],{"class":71},[57,101945,3231],{"class":75},[57,101947,79],{"class":71},[57,101949,87],{"class":75},[57,101951,79],{"class":71},[57,101953,1793],{"class":75},[57,101955,9536],{"class":71},[20,101957,101958],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[48,101960,101962],{"className":50,"code":101961,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101963,101964,101984,101996,102000,102018],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,101965,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,101967,686],{"class":63},[57,101969,68],{"class":67},[57,101971,10718],{"class":71},[57,101973,3231],{"class":75},[57,101975,79],{"class":71},[57,101977,87],{"class":75},[57,101979,79],{"class":71},[57,101981,1793],{"class":75},[57,101983,9536],{"class":71},[57,101985,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,101987,696],{"class":63},[57,101989,68],{"class":67},[57,101991,10718],{"class":71},[57,101993,76],{"class":75},[57,101995,9536],{"class":71},[57,101997,101998],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,101999,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102001,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102003,686],{"class":63},[57,102005,68],{"class":67},[57,102007,57107],{"class":63},[57,102009,620],{"class":71},[57,102011,3056],{"class":113},[57,102013,105],{"class":71},[57,102015,4993],{"class":113},[57,102017,316],{"class":71},[57,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,102021,102],{"class":101},[57,102023,105],{"class":71},[57,102025,614],{"class":113},[57,102027,316],{"class":71},[20,102029,216],{},[48,102031,102032],{"className":50,"code":100505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,102033,102034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102035,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102037,9505],{"class":71},[57,102039,3231],{"class":75},[57,102041,79],{"class":71},[57,102043,87],{"class":75},[57,102045,9536],{"class":71},[943,102047,102049],{"id":102048},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102051,102052,102055],{},[15,102053,102054],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[30,102057,102058,102063],{},[33,102059,102060,102061],{},"keep items from ",[15,102062,614],{},[33,102064,102065,102066],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102067,4993],{},[20,102069,1397,102070,102072,102073,102075],{},[1399,102071,1401],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102074,4993],{},"”.",[20,102077,864],{},[48,102079,102081],{"className":50,"code":102080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102082,102083,102103,102123,102127,102145],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102084,102085,102087,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102086,686],{"class":63},[57,102088,68],{"class":67},[57,102090,10718],{"class":71},[57,102092,3231],{"class":75},[57,102094,79],{"class":71},[57,102096,87],{"class":75},[57,102098,79],{"class":71},[57,102100,1793],{"class":75},[57,102102,9536],{"class":71},[57,102104,102105,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102106,696],{"class":63},[57,102108,68],{"class":67},[57,102110,10718],{"class":71},[57,102112,76],{"class":75},[57,102114,79],{"class":71},[57,102116,2706],{"class":75},[57,102118,79],{"class":71},[57,102120,92],{"class":75},[57,102122,9536],{"class":71},[57,102124,102125],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,102126,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102128,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102130,102],{"class":101},[57,102132,105],{"class":71},[57,102134,614],{"class":113},[57,102136,620],{"class":71},[57,102138,3056],{"class":113},[57,102140,105],{"class":71},[57,102142,4993],{"class":113},[57,102144,117],{"class":71},[57,102146,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157,102159,102161],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,102148,102],{"class":101},[57,102150,105],{"class":71},[57,102152,4993],{"class":113},[57,102154,620],{"class":71},[57,102156,3056],{"class":113},[57,102158,105],{"class":71},[57,102160,614],{"class":113},[57,102162,117],{"class":71},[20,102164,216],{},[48,102166,102168],{"className":50,"code":102167,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102169,102170,102182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102171,102172,102174,102176,102178,102180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102173,9505],{"class":71},[57,102175,3231],{"class":75},[57,102177,79],{"class":71},[57,102179,87],{"class":75},[57,102181,9536],{"class":71},[57,102183,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102185,9505],{"class":71},[57,102187,647],{"class":75},[57,102189,79],{"class":71},[57,102191,92],{"class":75},[57,102193,9536],{"class":71},[20,102195,102196],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[943,102198,102200],{"id":102199},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102202,102203,102205],{},[15,102204,100412],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102207,55538],{},[48,102209,102211],{"className":50,"code":102210,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102212,102213,102233,102249,102253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102214,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223,102225,102227,102229,102231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102216,686],{"class":63},[57,102218,68],{"class":67},[57,102220,72],{"class":71},[57,102222,3231],{"class":75},[57,102224,79],{"class":71},[57,102226,87],{"class":75},[57,102228,79],{"class":71},[57,102230,1793],{"class":75},[57,102232,95],{"class":71},[57,102234,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102236,696],{"class":63},[57,102238,68],{"class":67},[57,102240,72],{"class":71},[57,102242,76],{"class":75},[57,102244,79],{"class":71},[57,102246,2706],{"class":75},[57,102248,95],{"class":71},[57,102250,102251],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,102252,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102254,102255],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102256,102257],{"class":3903},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102259,102260],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[48,102262,102264],{"className":50,"code":102263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102265,102266,102286,102302,102306,102332],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102267,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102269,686],{"class":63},[57,102271,68],{"class":67},[57,102273,72],{"class":71},[57,102275,3231],{"class":75},[57,102277,79],{"class":71},[57,102279,87],{"class":75},[57,102281,79],{"class":71},[57,102283,1793],{"class":75},[57,102285,95],{"class":71},[57,102287,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102289,696],{"class":63},[57,102291,68],{"class":67},[57,102293,72],{"class":71},[57,102295,76],{"class":75},[57,102297,79],{"class":71},[57,102299,2706],{"class":75},[57,102301,95],{"class":71},[57,102303,102304],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,102305,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102307,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102309,1336],{"class":63},[57,102311,68],{"class":67},[57,102313,15864],{"class":1102},[57,102315,105],{"class":71},[57,102317,614],{"class":113},[57,102319,8859],{"class":71},[57,102321,3056],{"class":113},[57,102323,105],{"class":71},[57,102325,6517],{"class":1102},[57,102327,105],{"class":71},[57,102329,4993],{"class":113},[57,102331,117],{"class":71},[57,102333,102334,102336,102338,102340],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,102335,102],{"class":101},[57,102337,105],{"class":71},[57,102339,1368],{"class":113},[57,102341,316],{"class":71},[20,102343,216],{},[48,102345,102346],{"className":50,"code":100505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,102347,102348],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102349,102350,102352,102354,102356,102358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102351,9505],{"class":71},[57,102353,3231],{"class":75},[57,102355,79],{"class":71},[57,102357,87],{"class":75},[57,102359,9536],{"class":71},[943,102361,102363],{"id":102362},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102365,102366],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[48,102368,102370],{"className":50,"code":102369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102371,102372,102404,102420,102424],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102373,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386,102388,102390,102392,102394,102396,102398,102400,102402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102375,686],{"class":63},[57,102377,68],{"class":67},[57,102379,10718],{"class":71},[57,102381,170],{"class":169},[57,102383,964],{"class":173},[57,102385,170],{"class":169},[57,102387,79],{"class":71},[57,102389,181],{"class":169},[57,102391,982],{"class":173},[57,102393,170],{"class":169},[57,102395,79],{"class":71},[57,102397,181],{"class":169},[57,102399,58363],{"class":173},[57,102401,170],{"class":169},[57,102403,9536],{"class":71},[57,102405,102406,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102407,696],{"class":63},[57,102409,68],{"class":67},[57,102411,10718],{"class":71},[57,102413,170],{"class":169},[57,102415,982],{"class":173},[57,102417,170],{"class":169},[57,102419,9536],{"class":71},[57,102421,102422],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,102423,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102425,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102427,102],{"class":101},[57,102429,105],{"class":71},[57,102431,614],{"class":113},[57,102433,620],{"class":71},[57,102435,3056],{"class":113},[57,102437,105],{"class":71},[57,102439,4993],{"class":113},[57,102441,117],{"class":71},[20,102443,102444],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[943,102446,102448],{"id":102447},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102450,102451],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[48,102453,102455],{"className":50,"code":102454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102456,102457,102485,102497,102501,102511],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102458,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481,102483],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102460,686],{"class":63},[57,102462,68],{"class":67},[57,102464,10718],{"class":71},[57,102466,3231],{"class":75},[57,102468,79],{"class":71},[57,102470,5729],{"class":75},[57,102472,79],{"class":71},[57,102474,87],{"class":75},[57,102476,79],{"class":71},[57,102478,87],{"class":75},[57,102480,79],{"class":71},[57,102482,1793],{"class":75},[57,102484,9536],{"class":71},[57,102486,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102488,696],{"class":63},[57,102490,68],{"class":67},[57,102492,10718],{"class":71},[57,102494,76],{"class":75},[57,102496,9536],{"class":71},[57,102498,102499],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,102500,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102502,102503,102505,102507,102509],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102504,102],{"class":101},[57,102506,105],{"class":71},[57,102508,614],{"class":113},[57,102510,316],{"class":71},[57,102512,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525,102527],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,102514,102],{"class":101},[57,102516,105],{"class":71},[57,102518,614],{"class":113},[57,102520,620],{"class":71},[57,102522,3056],{"class":113},[57,102524,105],{"class":71},[57,102526,4993],{"class":113},[57,102528,117],{"class":71},[20,102530,216],{},[48,102532,102534],{"className":50,"code":102533,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102535,102536,102552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102537,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102539,9505],{"class":71},[57,102541,3231],{"class":75},[57,102543,79],{"class":71},[57,102545,87],{"class":75},[57,102547,79],{"class":71},[57,102549,1793],{"class":75},[57,102551,9536],{"class":71},[57,102553,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102555,9505],{"class":71},[57,102557,3231],{"class":75},[57,102559,79],{"class":71},[57,102561,87],{"class":75},[57,102563,9536],{"class":71},[20,102565,102566,102567,102569],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102568,100412],{}," runs.",[943,102571,102573],{"id":102572},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102575,102576],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[48,102578,102580],{"className":50,"code":102579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102581,102582,102606,102626,102630,102640,102650,102668,102690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102583,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102585,686],{"class":63},[57,102587,68],{"class":67},[57,102589,10718],{"class":71},[57,102591,3231],{"class":75},[57,102593,79],{"class":71},[57,102595,87],{"class":75},[57,102597,79],{"class":71},[57,102599,1793],{"class":75},[57,102601,79],{"class":71},[57,102603,2706],{"class":75},[57,102605,9536],{"class":71},[57,102607,102608,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618,102620,102622,102624],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102609,696],{"class":63},[57,102611,68],{"class":67},[57,102613,10718],{"class":71},[57,102615,76],{"class":75},[57,102617,79],{"class":71},[57,102619,2706],{"class":75},[57,102621,79],{"class":71},[57,102623,92],{"class":75},[57,102625,9536],{"class":71},[57,102627,102628],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,102629,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102631,102632,102634,102636,102638],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102633,102],{"class":101},[57,102635,105],{"class":71},[57,102637,614],{"class":113},[57,102639,316],{"class":71},[57,102641,102642,102644,102646,102648],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,102643,102],{"class":101},[57,102645,105],{"class":71},[57,102647,4993],{"class":113},[57,102649,316],{"class":71},[57,102651,102652,102654,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,102653,102],{"class":101},[57,102655,105],{"class":71},[57,102657,614],{"class":113},[57,102659,620],{"class":71},[57,102661,3056],{"class":113},[57,102663,105],{"class":71},[57,102665,4993],{"class":113},[57,102667,117],{"class":71},[57,102669,102670,102672,102674,102676,102678,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,102671,102],{"class":101},[57,102673,105],{"class":71},[57,102675,1886],{"class":1102},[57,102677,105],{"class":71},[57,102679,614],{"class":113},[57,102681,620],{"class":71},[57,102683,3056],{"class":113},[57,102685,105],{"class":71},[57,102687,4993],{"class":113},[57,102689,1225],{"class":71},[57,102691,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708,102710],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,102693,102],{"class":101},[57,102695,105],{"class":71},[57,102697,1007],{"class":101},[57,102699,105],{"class":71},[57,102701,614],{"class":113},[57,102703,620],{"class":71},[57,102705,3056],{"class":113},[57,102707,105],{"class":71},[57,102709,4993],{"class":113},[57,102711,1225],{"class":71},[20,102713,11397],{},[30,102715,102716,102719,102722,102725],{},[33,102717,102718],{},"what is in each set",[33,102720,102721],{},"what result Python creates",[33,102723,102724],{},"that the result is a set",[33,102726,102727],{},"how many items remain",[45142,102729],{},[43,102731,2011],{"id":2010},[943,102733,12933,102735,102737],{"id":102734},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102736,100412],{}," change the original set?",[20,102739,102740],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[943,102742,2119,102744,1242,102746,2053],{"id":102743},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102745,100412],{},[15,102747,101323],{},[20,102749,102750,102752,102753,102755],{},[15,102751,100412],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102754,101323],{}," modifies the original set.",[943,102757,28559,102759,102761],{"id":102758},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102760,100412],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102763,102764],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[943,102766,102768],{"id":102767},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102770,102771],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45142,102773],{},[43,102775,2135],{"id":2134},[30,102777,102778,102782,102790],{},[33,102779,102780],{},[614,102781,96326],{"href":97497},[33,102783,102784],{},[614,102785,96812,102787,10968],{"href":102786},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102788,102789],{},"intersection()",[33,102791,102792],{},[614,102793,96812,102795,10968],{"href":102794},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102796,102797],{},"union()",[2172,102799,102800],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":102802},[102803,102804,102806,102807,102808,102809,102811,102816,102818,102826,102835],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":100534,"depth":98,"text":102805},"What difference() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":101153,"depth":98,"text":102810},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101318,"depth":98,"text":102812,"children":102813},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102814,102815],{"id":3056,"depth":120,"text":100412},{"id":101471,"depth":120,"text":101323},{"id":101590,"depth":98,"text":102817},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":102819},[102820,102821,102822,102823,102824,102825],{"id":101860,"depth":120,"text":101861},{"id":102048,"depth":120,"text":102049},{"id":102199,"depth":120,"text":102200},{"id":102362,"depth":120,"text":102363},{"id":102447,"depth":120,"text":102448},{"id":102572,"depth":120,"text":102573},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":102827},[102828,102830,102832,102834],{"id":102734,"depth":120,"text":102829},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102743,"depth":120,"text":102831},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102758,"depth":120,"text":102833},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102767,"depth":120,"text":102768},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100404,"description":102836},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102843,"title":102844,"body":102845,"description":104540,"extension":2219,"meta":104541,"navigation":123,"path":104542,"seo":104543,"stem":104544,"__hash__":104545},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102846,"toc":104502},[102847,102853,102859,102872,102874,102975,102977,103022,103027,103032,103036,103050,103053,103061,103063,103082,103100,103104,103157,103159,103180,103187,103192,103219,103226,103325,103327,103364,103372,103376,103382,103385,103458,103460,103468,103473,103542,103544,103569,103571,103574,103677,103679,103740,103743,103747,103753,103826,103828,103861,103864,103867,103907,103913,103936,103941,103945,103956,103959,103961,103965,103971,103973,104030,104040,104042,104095,104102,104107,104175,104183,104189,104193,104195,104234,104239,104288,104292,104295,104297,104336,104339,104341,104346,104403,104405,104419,104421,104425,104431,104436,104441,104448,104459,104465,104470,104472,104499],[10,102848,96198,102850,11549],{"id":102849},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102851,102852],{},"discard()",[20,102854,102855,102858],{},[15,102856,102857],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102860,102861,102862,2441,102867,14284,102869,102871],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[614,102863,102864],{"href":98207},[15,102865,102866],{},"set.remove()",[15,102868,102852],{},[1399,102870,1401],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[43,102873,46],{"id":45},[48,102875,102877],{"className":50,"code":102876,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102878,102879,102911,102930,102940,102944,102965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102880,102881,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905,102907,102909],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102882,13306],{"class":63},[57,102884,68],{"class":67},[57,102886,10718],{"class":71},[57,102888,170],{"class":169},[57,102890,13323],{"class":173},[57,102892,170],{"class":169},[57,102894,79],{"class":71},[57,102896,181],{"class":169},[57,102898,13340],{"class":173},[57,102900,170],{"class":169},[57,102902,79],{"class":71},[57,102904,181],{"class":169},[57,102906,17686],{"class":173},[57,102908,170],{"class":169},[57,102910,9536],{"class":71},[57,102912,102913,102915,102917,102920,102922,102924,102926,102928],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,102914,17733],{"class":63},[57,102916,620],{"class":71},[57,102918,102919],{"class":113},"discard",[57,102921,105],{"class":71},[57,102923,170],{"class":169},[57,102925,13340],{"class":173},[57,102927,170],{"class":169},[57,102929,316],{"class":71},[57,102931,102932,102934,102936,102938],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,102933,102],{"class":101},[57,102935,105],{"class":71},[57,102937,17733],{"class":113},[57,102939,316],{"class":71},[57,102941,102942],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,102943,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,102945,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,102947,17733],{"class":63},[57,102949,620],{"class":71},[57,102951,102919],{"class":113},[57,102953,105],{"class":71},[57,102955,170],{"class":169},[57,102957,22754],{"class":173},[57,102959,170],{"class":169},[57,102961,1959],{"class":71},[57,102963,102964],{"class":3903},"  # no error if missing\n",[57,102966,102967,102969,102971,102973],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,102968,102],{"class":101},[57,102970,105],{"class":71},[57,102972,17733],{"class":113},[57,102974,316],{"class":71},[20,102976,30259],{},[48,102978,102980],{"className":50,"code":102979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102981,102982,103002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,102983,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,102985,9505],{"class":71},[57,102987,3543],{"class":169},[57,102989,13323],{"class":173},[57,102991,3543],{"class":169},[57,102993,79],{"class":71},[57,102995,3538],{"class":169},[57,102997,17686],{"class":173},[57,102999,3543],{"class":169},[57,103001,9536],{"class":71},[57,103003,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103005,9505],{"class":71},[57,103007,3543],{"class":169},[57,103009,13323],{"class":173},[57,103011,3543],{"class":169},[57,103013,79],{"class":71},[57,103015,3538],{"class":169},[57,103017,17686],{"class":173},[57,103019,3543],{"class":169},[57,103021,9536],{"class":71},[20,103023,1806,103024,103026],{},[15,103025,102852],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[43,103028,262,103030,265],{"id":103029},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103031,102857],{},[20,103033,103034,270],{},[15,103035,102852],{},[30,103037,103038,103041,103044,103046],{},[33,103039,103040],{},"Removes one item from a set",[33,103042,103043],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[33,103045,96313],{},[33,103047,11651,103048],{},[15,103049,1524],{},[20,103051,103052],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103054,96322,103055,3122,103058,620],{},[614,103056,103057],{"href":98789},"what a set is in Python",[614,103059,103060],{"href":97881},"how to create a set",[43,103062,294],{"id":293},[48,103064,103066],{"className":50,"code":103065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103067,103068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103069,103070,103072,103074,103076,103078,103080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103071,15897],{"class":63},[57,103073,620],{"class":71},[57,103075,102919],{"class":113},[57,103077,105],{"class":71},[57,103079,364],{"class":113},[57,103081,316],{"class":71},[30,103083,103084,103089,103094,103097],{},[33,103085,103086,103088],{},[15,103087,15897],{}," is the set you want to change",[33,103090,103091,103093],{},[15,103092,364],{}," is the item you want to remove",[33,103095,103096],{},"The set must already exist",[33,103098,103099],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[943,103101,103103],{"id":103102},"example","Example",[48,103105,103107],{"className":50,"code":103106,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103108,103109,103133,103147],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103110,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103112,64],{"class":63},[57,103114,68],{"class":67},[57,103116,10718],{"class":71},[57,103118,3231],{"class":75},[57,103120,79],{"class":71},[57,103122,87],{"class":75},[57,103124,79],{"class":71},[57,103126,1793],{"class":75},[57,103128,79],{"class":71},[57,103130,2706],{"class":75},[57,103132,9536],{"class":71},[57,103134,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143,103145],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103136,114],{"class":63},[57,103138,620],{"class":71},[57,103140,102919],{"class":113},[57,103142,105],{"class":71},[57,103144,76],{"class":75},[57,103146,316],{"class":71},[57,103148,103149,103151,103153,103155],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,103150,102],{"class":101},[57,103152,105],{"class":71},[57,103154,114],{"class":113},[57,103156,316],{"class":71},[20,103158,216],{},[48,103160,103162],{"className":50,"code":103161,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103163,103164],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103165,103166,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103167,9505],{"class":71},[57,103169,3231],{"class":75},[57,103171,79],{"class":71},[57,103173,87],{"class":75},[57,103175,79],{"class":71},[57,103177,2706],{"class":75},[57,103179,9536],{"class":71},[43,103181,103183,103184,103186],{"id":103182},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103185,102852],{}," different",[20,103188,103189,103191],{},[15,103190,102852],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[30,103193,103194,103207,103216],{},[33,103195,103196,103197,2441,103201,103203,103204,103206],{},"Unlike ",[614,103198,103199],{"href":98207},[15,103200,55748],{},[15,103202,102852],{}," does not raise ",[15,103205,19919],{}," when the item is missing",[33,103208,103196,103209,2441,103213,103215],{},[614,103210,103211],{"href":98212},[15,103212,12992],{},[15,103214,102852],{}," removes a specific item",[33,103217,103218],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[943,103220,103222,1682,103224],{"id":103221},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103223,102852],{},[15,103225,55748],{},[48,103227,103229],{"className":50,"code":103228,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103230,103231,103255,103259,103280,103290,103294,103315],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103232,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251,103253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103234,1147],{"class":63},[57,103236,68],{"class":67},[57,103238,10718],{"class":71},[57,103240,170],{"class":169},[57,103242,174],{"class":173},[57,103244,170],{"class":169},[57,103246,79],{"class":71},[57,103248,181],{"class":169},[57,103250,184],{"class":173},[57,103252,170],{"class":169},[57,103254,9536],{"class":71},[57,103256,103257],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103258,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103260,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,103262,1199],{"class":63},[57,103264,620],{"class":71},[57,103266,102919],{"class":113},[57,103268,105],{"class":71},[57,103270,170],{"class":169},[57,103272,33451],{"class":173},[57,103274,170],{"class":169},[57,103276,1959],{"class":71},[57,103278,103279],{"class":3903},"   # no error\n",[57,103281,103282,103284,103286,103288],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,103283,102],{"class":101},[57,103285,105],{"class":71},[57,103287,1199],{"class":113},[57,103289,316],{"class":71},[57,103291,103292],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,103293,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103295,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308,103310,103312],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,103297,1199],{"class":63},[57,103299,620],{"class":71},[57,103301,35024],{"class":113},[57,103303,105],{"class":71},[57,103305,170],{"class":169},[57,103307,184],{"class":173},[57,103309,170],{"class":169},[57,103311,1959],{"class":71},[57,103313,103314],{"class":3903},"    # removes existing item\n",[57,103316,103317,103319,103321,103323],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,103318,102],{"class":101},[57,103320,105],{"class":71},[57,103322,1199],{"class":113},[57,103324,316],{"class":71},[20,103326,216],{},[48,103328,103330],{"className":50,"code":103329,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103331,103332,103352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103333,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103335,9505],{"class":71},[57,103337,3543],{"class":169},[57,103339,174],{"class":173},[57,103341,3543],{"class":169},[57,103343,79],{"class":71},[57,103345,3538],{"class":169},[57,103347,184],{"class":173},[57,103349,3543],{"class":169},[57,103351,9536],{"class":71},[57,103353,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103355,9505],{"class":71},[57,103357,3543],{"class":169},[57,103359,174],{"class":173},[57,103361,3543],{"class":169},[57,103363,9536],{"class":71},[20,103365,40572,103366,103368,103369,103371],{},[15,103367,55748],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[614,103370,11303],{"href":11302}," for more help with that case.",[43,103373,103375],{"id":103374},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103377,103378,2646,103380,620],{},[15,103379,102852],{},[15,103381,1524],{},[20,103383,103384],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[48,103386,103388],{"className":50,"code":103387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103389,103390,103422,103444,103448],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103391,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410,103412,103414,103416,103418,103420],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103393,13306],{"class":63},[57,103395,68],{"class":67},[57,103397,10718],{"class":71},[57,103399,170],{"class":169},[57,103401,13323],{"class":173},[57,103403,170],{"class":169},[57,103405,79],{"class":71},[57,103407,181],{"class":169},[57,103409,13340],{"class":173},[57,103411,170],{"class":169},[57,103413,79],{"class":71},[57,103415,181],{"class":169},[57,103417,17686],{"class":173},[57,103419,170],{"class":169},[57,103421,9536],{"class":71},[57,103423,103424,103426,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103425,1336],{"class":63},[57,103427,68],{"class":67},[57,103429,13354],{"class":63},[57,103431,620],{"class":71},[57,103433,102919],{"class":113},[57,103435,105],{"class":71},[57,103437,170],{"class":169},[57,103439,13340],{"class":173},[57,103441,170],{"class":169},[57,103443,316],{"class":71},[57,103445,103446],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,103447,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103449,103450,103452,103454,103456],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,103451,102],{"class":101},[57,103453,105],{"class":71},[57,103455,1368],{"class":113},[57,103457,316],{"class":71},[20,103459,216],{},[48,103461,103462],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,103463,103464],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103465,103466],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103467,12037],{"class":1523},[20,103469,103470,103471,270],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103472,17733],{},[48,103474,103476],{"className":50,"code":103475,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103477,103478,103510,103528,103532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103479,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502,103504,103506,103508],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103481,13306],{"class":63},[57,103483,68],{"class":67},[57,103485,10718],{"class":71},[57,103487,170],{"class":169},[57,103489,13323],{"class":173},[57,103491,170],{"class":169},[57,103493,79],{"class":71},[57,103495,181],{"class":169},[57,103497,13340],{"class":173},[57,103499,170],{"class":169},[57,103501,79],{"class":71},[57,103503,181],{"class":169},[57,103505,17686],{"class":173},[57,103507,170],{"class":169},[57,103509,9536],{"class":71},[57,103511,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103513,17733],{"class":63},[57,103515,620],{"class":71},[57,103517,102919],{"class":113},[57,103519,105],{"class":71},[57,103521,170],{"class":169},[57,103523,13340],{"class":173},[57,103525,170],{"class":169},[57,103527,316],{"class":71},[57,103529,103530],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,103531,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103533,103534,103536,103538,103540],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,103535,102],{"class":101},[57,103537,105],{"class":71},[57,103539,17733],{"class":113},[57,103541,316],{"class":71},[20,103543,216],{},[48,103545,103547],{"className":50,"code":103546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103548,103549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103550,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103552,9505],{"class":71},[57,103554,3543],{"class":169},[57,103556,13323],{"class":173},[57,103558,3543],{"class":169},[57,103560,79],{"class":71},[57,103562,3538],{"class":169},[57,103564,17686],{"class":173},[57,103566,3543],{"class":169},[57,103568,9536],{"class":71},[43,103570,11703],{"id":11702},[20,103572,103573],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[48,103575,103577],{"className":50,"code":103576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103578,103579,103611,103615,103633,103637,103655,103659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103580,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103582,36471],{"class":63},[57,103584,68],{"class":67},[57,103586,10718],{"class":71},[57,103588,170],{"class":169},[57,103590,174],{"class":173},[57,103592,170],{"class":169},[57,103594,79],{"class":71},[57,103596,181],{"class":169},[57,103598,184],{"class":173},[57,103600,170],{"class":169},[57,103602,79],{"class":71},[57,103604,181],{"class":169},[57,103606,33451],{"class":173},[57,103608,170],{"class":169},[57,103610,9536],{"class":71},[57,103612,103613],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103614,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103616,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,103618,102],{"class":101},[57,103620,105],{"class":71},[57,103622,170],{"class":169},[57,103624,11792],{"class":173},[57,103626,170],{"class":169},[57,103628,79],{"class":71},[57,103630,53070],{"class":113},[57,103632,316],{"class":71},[57,103634,103635],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,103636,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,103640,36523],{"class":63},[57,103642,620],{"class":71},[57,103644,102919],{"class":113},[57,103646,105],{"class":71},[57,103648,170],{"class":169},[57,103650,184],{"class":173},[57,103652,170],{"class":169},[57,103654,316],{"class":71},[57,103656,103657],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,103658,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103660,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,103662,102],{"class":101},[57,103664,105],{"class":71},[57,103666,170],{"class":169},[57,103668,11832],{"class":173},[57,103670,170],{"class":169},[57,103672,79],{"class":71},[57,103674,53070],{"class":113},[57,103676,316],{"class":71},[20,103678,216],{},[48,103680,103682],{"className":50,"code":103681,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103683,103684,103716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103685,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103687,11852],{"class":63},[57,103689,270],{"class":71},[57,103691,10718],{"class":71},[57,103693,3543],{"class":169},[57,103695,184],{"class":173},[57,103697,3543],{"class":169},[57,103699,79],{"class":71},[57,103701,3538],{"class":169},[57,103703,174],{"class":173},[57,103705,3543],{"class":169},[57,103707,79],{"class":71},[57,103709,3538],{"class":169},[57,103711,33451],{"class":173},[57,103713,3543],{"class":169},[57,103715,9536],{"class":71},[57,103717,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736,103738],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103719,11905],{"class":63},[57,103721,270],{"class":71},[57,103723,10718],{"class":71},[57,103725,3543],{"class":169},[57,103727,174],{"class":173},[57,103729,3543],{"class":169},[57,103731,79],{"class":71},[57,103733,3538],{"class":169},[57,103735,33451],{"class":173},[57,103737,3543],{"class":169},[57,103739,9536],{"class":71},[20,103741,103742],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[43,103744,103746],{"id":103745},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103748,103749,103750,103752],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103751,102852],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[48,103754,103756],{"className":50,"code":103755,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103757,103758,103790,103794,103812,103816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103759,103760,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776,103778,103780,103782,103784,103786,103788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103761,36471],{"class":63},[57,103763,68],{"class":67},[57,103765,10718],{"class":71},[57,103767,170],{"class":169},[57,103769,174],{"class":173},[57,103771,170],{"class":169},[57,103773,79],{"class":71},[57,103775,181],{"class":169},[57,103777,184],{"class":173},[57,103779,170],{"class":169},[57,103781,79],{"class":71},[57,103783,181],{"class":169},[57,103785,33451],{"class":173},[57,103787,170],{"class":169},[57,103789,9536],{"class":71},[57,103791,103792],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103793,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103795,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,103797,36523],{"class":63},[57,103799,620],{"class":71},[57,103801,102919],{"class":113},[57,103803,105],{"class":71},[57,103805,170],{"class":169},[57,103807,22763],{"class":173},[57,103809,170],{"class":169},[57,103811,316],{"class":71},[57,103813,103814],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,103815,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,103817,103818,103820,103822,103824],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,103819,102],{"class":101},[57,103821,105],{"class":71},[57,103823,36523],{"class":113},[57,103825,316],{"class":71},[20,103827,216],{},[48,103829,103831],{"className":50,"code":103830,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103832,103833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103834,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103836,9505],{"class":71},[57,103838,3543],{"class":169},[57,103840,184],{"class":173},[57,103842,3543],{"class":169},[57,103844,79],{"class":71},[57,103846,3538],{"class":169},[57,103848,174],{"class":173},[57,103850,3543],{"class":169},[57,103852,79],{"class":71},[57,103854,3538],{"class":169},[57,103856,33451],{"class":173},[57,103858,3543],{"class":169},[57,103860,9536],{"class":71},[20,103862,103863],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103865,103866],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[48,103868,103870],{"className":50,"code":103869,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103871,103872,103888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103873,103874,103876,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103875,7228],{"class":1962},[57,103877,181],{"class":169},[57,103879,22763],{"class":173},[57,103881,170],{"class":169},[57,103883,21404],{"class":67},[57,103885,53070],{"class":63},[57,103887,6623],{"class":71},[57,103889,103890,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,103891,103892],{"class":63},"    fruits",[57,103894,620],{"class":71},[57,103896,35024],{"class":113},[57,103898,105],{"class":71},[57,103900,170],{"class":169},[57,103902,22763],{"class":173},[57,103904,170],{"class":169},[57,103906,316],{"class":71},[20,103908,103909,103910,103912],{},"With ",[15,103911,102852],{},", you can simply write:",[48,103914,103916],{"className":50,"code":103915,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103917,103918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103919,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932,103934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103921,36523],{"class":63},[57,103923,620],{"class":71},[57,103925,102919],{"class":113},[57,103927,105],{"class":71},[57,103929,170],{"class":169},[57,103931,22763],{"class":173},[57,103933,170],{"class":169},[57,103935,316],{"class":71},[43,103937,5194,103939],{"id":103938},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103940,102852],{},[20,103942,1806,103943,10828],{},[15,103944,102852],{},[30,103946,103947,103950,103953],{},[33,103948,103949],{},"Missing values are normal",[33,103951,103952],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[33,103954,103955],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103957,103958],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[43,103960,1829],{"id":1828},[20,103962,8675,103963,620],{},[15,103964,102852],{},[943,103966,1848,103968,103970],{"id":103967},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103969,102852],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103972,4758],{},[48,103974,103976],{"className":50,"code":103975,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103977,103978,103998,104016,104020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,103979,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994,103996],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,103981,64],{"class":63},[57,103983,68],{"class":67},[57,103985,10718],{"class":71},[57,103987,3231],{"class":75},[57,103989,79],{"class":71},[57,103991,87],{"class":75},[57,103993,79],{"class":71},[57,103995,1793],{"class":75},[57,103997,9536],{"class":71},[57,103999,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104001,64],{"class":63},[57,104003,68],{"class":67},[57,104005,4495],{"class":63},[57,104007,620],{"class":71},[57,104009,102919],{"class":113},[57,104011,105],{"class":71},[57,104013,1788],{"class":75},[57,104015,316],{"class":71},[57,104017,104018],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104019,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,104021,104022,104024,104026,104028],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,104023,102],{"class":101},[57,104025,105],{"class":71},[57,104027,114],{"class":113},[57,104029,316],{"class":71},[20,104031,104032,42382,104034,8829,104036,2646,104038,620],{},[15,104033,114],{},[15,104035,1524],{},[15,104037,102852],{},[15,104039,1524],{},[20,104041,19072],{},[48,104043,104045],{"className":50,"code":104044,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104046,104047,104067,104081,104085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104048,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104050,64],{"class":63},[57,104052,68],{"class":67},[57,104054,10718],{"class":71},[57,104056,3231],{"class":75},[57,104058,79],{"class":71},[57,104060,87],{"class":75},[57,104062,79],{"class":71},[57,104064,1793],{"class":75},[57,104066,9536],{"class":71},[57,104068,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104070,114],{"class":63},[57,104072,620],{"class":71},[57,104074,102919],{"class":113},[57,104076,105],{"class":71},[57,104078,1788],{"class":75},[57,104080,316],{"class":71},[57,104082,104083],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104084,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,104086,104087,104089,104091,104093],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,104088,102],{"class":101},[57,104090,105],{"class":71},[57,104092,114],{"class":113},[57,104094,316],{"class":71},[943,104096,37434,104098,8932,104100],{"id":104097},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104099,102852],{},[15,104101,55748],{},[20,104103,104104,104105,620],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104106,102852],{},[48,104108,104110],{"className":50,"code":104109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104111,104112,104144,104165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104113,104114,104116,104118,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104115,36322],{"class":63},[57,104117,68],{"class":67},[57,104119,10718],{"class":71},[57,104121,170],{"class":169},[57,104123,614],{"class":173},[57,104125,170],{"class":169},[57,104127,79],{"class":71},[57,104129,181],{"class":169},[57,104131,4993],{"class":173},[57,104133,170],{"class":169},[57,104135,79],{"class":71},[57,104137,181],{"class":169},[57,104139,9966],{"class":173},[57,104141,170],{"class":169},[57,104143,9536],{"class":71},[57,104145,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154,104156,104158,104160,104162],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104147,36375],{"class":63},[57,104149,620],{"class":71},[57,104151,102919],{"class":113},[57,104153,105],{"class":71},[57,104155,170],{"class":169},[57,104157,22307],{"class":173},[57,104159,170],{"class":169},[57,104161,1959],{"class":71},[57,104163,104164],{"class":3903},"   # safe\n",[57,104166,104167,104169,104171,104173],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104168,102],{"class":101},[57,104170,105],{"class":71},[57,104172,36375],{"class":113},[57,104174,316],{"class":71},[20,104176,104177,104178,1427,104181,620],{},"If you use ",[15,104179,104180],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104182,19919],{},[943,104184,25847,104186,104188],{"id":104185},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104187,102852],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104190,104191,102205],{},[15,104192,102852],{},[20,104194,16873],{},[48,104196,104198],{"className":50,"code":104197,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104199,104200,104220],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104201,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104203,1147],{"class":63},[57,104205,68],{"class":67},[57,104207,72],{"class":71},[57,104209,3231],{"class":75},[57,104211,79],{"class":71},[57,104213,87],{"class":75},[57,104215,79],{"class":71},[57,104217,1793],{"class":75},[57,104219,95],{"class":71},[57,104221,104222,104224,104226,104228,104230,104232],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104223,1199],{"class":63},[57,104225,620],{"class":71},[57,104227,102919],{"class":113},[57,104229,105],{"class":71},[57,104231,1788],{"class":75},[57,104233,316],{"class":71},[20,104235,104236,104237,270],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104238,102852],{},[48,104240,104242],{"className":50,"code":104241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104243,104244,104264,104278],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104245,104246,104248,104250,104252,104254,104256,104258,104260,104262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104247,1147],{"class":63},[57,104249,68],{"class":67},[57,104251,10718],{"class":71},[57,104253,3231],{"class":75},[57,104255,79],{"class":71},[57,104257,87],{"class":75},[57,104259,79],{"class":71},[57,104261,1793],{"class":75},[57,104263,9536],{"class":71},[57,104265,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274,104276],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104267,1199],{"class":63},[57,104269,620],{"class":71},[57,104271,102919],{"class":113},[57,104273,105],{"class":71},[57,104275,1788],{"class":75},[57,104277,316],{"class":71},[57,104279,104280,104282,104284,104286],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104281,102],{"class":101},[57,104283,105],{"class":71},[57,104285,1199],{"class":113},[57,104287,316],{"class":71},[943,104289,104291],{"id":104290},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104293,104294],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104296,3080],{},[48,104298,104300],{"className":50,"code":104299,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104301,104302,104322],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104303,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104305,9393],{"class":63},[57,104307,68],{"class":67},[57,104309,10718],{"class":71},[57,104311,3231],{"class":75},[57,104313,79],{"class":71},[57,104315,87],{"class":75},[57,104317,79],{"class":71},[57,104319,1793],{"class":75},[57,104321,9536],{"class":71},[57,104323,104324,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104325,9431],{"class":63},[57,104327,620],{"class":71},[57,104329,102919],{"class":113},[57,104331,1949],{"class":71},[57,104333,1788],{"class":75},[57,104335,1975],{"class":71},[20,104337,104338],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[43,104340,9100],{"id":9099},[20,104342,9103,104343,104345],{},[15,104344,102852],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[48,104347,104349],{"className":50,"code":104348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104350,104351,104361,104375,104389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104352,104353,104355,104357,104359],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104354,102],{"class":101},[57,104356,105],{"class":71},[57,104358,15897],{"class":113},[57,104360,316],{"class":71},[57,104362,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104364,102],{"class":101},[57,104366,105],{"class":71},[57,104368,1886],{"class":1102},[57,104370,105],{"class":71},[57,104372,15897],{"class":113},[57,104374,117],{"class":71},[57,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104378,102],{"class":101},[57,104380,105],{"class":71},[57,104382,2696],{"class":113},[57,104384,1969],{"class":1962},[57,104386,96922],{"class":113},[57,104388,316],{"class":71},[57,104390,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399,104401],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,104392,32382],{"class":101},[57,104394,105],{"class":71},[57,104396,6517],{"class":1102},[57,104398,620],{"class":71},[57,104400,102919],{"class":1108},[57,104402,316],{"class":71},[20,104404,11397],{},[30,104406,104407,104410,104413,104416],{},[33,104408,104409],{},"What is currently in the set",[33,104411,104412],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[33,104414,104415],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[33,104417,104418],{},"How Python documents the method",[43,104420,2011],{"id":2010},[943,104422,104424],{"id":104423},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104426,104427,104428,104430],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104429,102852],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[943,104432,2015,104434,12945],{"id":104433},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104435,102857],{},[20,104437,5379,104438,104440],{},[15,104439,1524],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[943,104442,2119,104444,1242,104446,2053],{"id":104443},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104445,102852],{},[15,104447,55748],{},[20,104449,104450,104451,26768,104453,104455,104456,104458],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104452,55748],{},[15,104454,19919],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104457,102852],{}," does not.",[943,104460,28559,104462,104464],{"id":104461},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104463,102852],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104466,46590,104467,104469],{},[15,104468,102852],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[43,104471,2135],{"id":2134},[30,104473,104474,104480,104486,104491,104495],{},[33,104475,104476],{},[614,104477,96812,104478,10968],{"href":98207},[15,104479,55748],{},[33,104481,104482],{},[614,104483,96812,104484,10968],{"href":98212},[15,104485,12992],{},[33,104487,104488],{},[614,104489,104490],{"href":97881},"Python set: creating a set",[33,104492,104493],{},[614,104494,100347],{"href":98789},[33,104496,104497],{},[614,104498,11489],{"href":11302},[2172,104500,104501],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":104503},[104504,104505,104507,104510,104515,104516,104517,104518,104520,104529,104530,104539],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":103029,"depth":98,"text":104506},"What set.discard() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":104508},[104509],{"id":103102,"depth":120,"text":103103},{"id":103182,"depth":98,"text":104511,"children":104512},"What makes discard() different",[104513],{"id":103221,"depth":120,"text":104514},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103374,"depth":98,"text":103375},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":103745,"depth":98,"text":103746},{"id":103938,"depth":98,"text":104519},"When to use discard()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":104521},[104522,104524,104526,104528],{"id":103967,"depth":120,"text":104523},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104097,"depth":120,"text":104525},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104185,"depth":120,"text":104527},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104290,"depth":120,"text":104291},{"id":9099,"depth":98,"text":9100},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":104531},[104532,104533,104535,104537],{"id":104423,"depth":120,"text":104424},{"id":104433,"depth":120,"text":104534},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104443,"depth":120,"text":104536},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104461,"depth":120,"text":104538},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102844,"description":104540},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104547,"title":104548,"body":104549,"description":106555,"extension":2219,"meta":106556,"navigation":123,"path":106557,"seo":106558,"stem":106559,"__hash__":106560},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104550,"toc":106513},[104551,104554,104562,104567,104578,104580,104635,104639,104659,104664,104668,104673,104675,104689,104691,104766,104768,104801,104806,104811,104813,104815,104830,104833,104841,104846,104861,104863,104952,104954,105043,105049,105053,105055,105093,105095,105119,105122,105137,105139,105194,105196,105229,105231,105236,105240,105244,105249,105314,105316,105336,105342,105346,105403,105405,105426,105430,105435,105480,105482,105515,105518,105522,105555,105557,105586,105590,105594,105597,105599,105618,105620,105666,105671,105685,105687,105718,105723,105726,105770,105772,105800,105804,105808,105824,105827,105892,105894,105906,105909,105913,105916,105921,105949,105951,105969,105975,106014,106016,106034,106040,106069,106071,106089,106092,106109,106111,106116,106120,106123,106149,106156,106161,106176,106185,106189,106192,106223,106229,106232,106241,106244,106246,106248,106306,106309,106334,106336,106340,106343,106347,106355,106359,106362,106366,106369,106371,106394,106396,106437,106444,106452,106455,106486,106488,106510],[10,104552,104548],{"id":104553},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104555,22,104556,104558,104559,620],{},[15,104557,4035],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[1399,104560,104561],{},"unique values only",[20,104563,35636,104564,104566],{},[15,104565,4035],{}," to:",[30,104568,104569,104572,104575],{},[33,104570,104571],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[33,104573,104574],{},"check whether a value exists",[33,104576,104577],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[43,104579,46],{"id":45},[48,104581,104583],{"className":50,"code":104582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104584,104585,104609,104624],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104586,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104588,64],{"class":63},[57,104590,68],{"class":67},[57,104592,72],{"class":71},[57,104594,3231],{"class":75},[57,104596,79],{"class":71},[57,104598,87],{"class":75},[57,104600,79],{"class":71},[57,104602,87],{"class":75},[57,104604,79],{"class":71},[57,104606,1793],{"class":75},[57,104608,95],{"class":71},[57,104610,104611,104614,104616,104618,104620,104622],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104612,104613],{"class":63},"unique_numbers ",[57,104615,68],{"class":67},[57,104617,15864],{"class":1102},[57,104619,105],{"class":71},[57,104621,114],{"class":113},[57,104623,316],{"class":71},[57,104625,104626,104628,104630,104633],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104627,102],{"class":101},[57,104629,105],{"class":71},[57,104631,104632],{"class":113},"unique_numbers",[57,104634,316],{"class":71},[20,104636,104637],{},[1399,104638,216],{},[48,104640,104641],{"className":50,"code":96605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,104642,104643],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104644,104645,104647,104649,104651,104653,104655,104657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104646,9505],{"class":71},[57,104648,3231],{"class":75},[57,104650,79],{"class":71},[57,104652,87],{"class":75},[57,104654,79],{"class":71},[57,104656,1793],{"class":75},[57,104658,9536],{"class":71},[20,104660,1806,104661,104663],{},[15,104662,4035],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[43,104665,104667],{"id":104666},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104669,104670,104672],{},[15,104671,4035],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104674,30770],{},[30,104676,104677,104680,104683,104686],{},[33,104678,104679],{},"A set stores unique items only",[33,104681,104682],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[33,104684,104685],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[33,104687,104688],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104690,864],{},[48,104692,104694],{"className":50,"code":104693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104695,104696,104736,104751,104755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104697,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726,104728,104730,104732,104734],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104699,13306],{"class":63},[57,104701,68],{"class":67},[57,104703,72],{"class":71},[57,104705,170],{"class":169},[57,104707,13323],{"class":173},[57,104709,170],{"class":169},[57,104711,79],{"class":71},[57,104713,181],{"class":169},[57,104715,13340],{"class":173},[57,104717,170],{"class":169},[57,104719,79],{"class":71},[57,104721,181],{"class":169},[57,104723,13323],{"class":173},[57,104725,170],{"class":169},[57,104727,79],{"class":71},[57,104729,181],{"class":169},[57,104731,17686],{"class":173},[57,104733,170],{"class":169},[57,104735,95],{"class":71},[57,104737,104738,104741,104743,104745,104747,104749],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104739,104740],{"class":63},"unique_colors ",[57,104742,68],{"class":67},[57,104744,15864],{"class":1102},[57,104746,105],{"class":71},[57,104748,17733],{"class":113},[57,104750,316],{"class":71},[57,104752,104753],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104754,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,104756,104757,104759,104761,104764],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,104758,102],{"class":101},[57,104760,105],{"class":71},[57,104762,104763],{"class":113},"unique_colors",[57,104765,316],{"class":71},[20,104767,30259],{},[48,104769,104771],{"className":50,"code":104770,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104772,104773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104774,104775,104777,104779,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104776,9505],{"class":71},[57,104778,3543],{"class":169},[57,104780,13340],{"class":173},[57,104782,3543],{"class":169},[57,104784,79],{"class":71},[57,104786,3538],{"class":169},[57,104788,17686],{"class":173},[57,104790,3543],{"class":169},[57,104792,79],{"class":71},[57,104794,3538],{"class":169},[57,104796,13323],{"class":173},[57,104798,3543],{"class":169},[57,104800,9536],{"class":71},[20,104802,2536,104803,104805],{},[15,104804,65610],{}," appears only once.",[20,104807,104808,104809,620],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[614,104810,96326],{"href":96325},[43,104812,294],{"id":293},[20,104814,2412],{},[48,104816,104818],{"className":50,"code":104817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104819,104820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104821,104822,104824,104826,104828],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104823,6517],{"class":1102},[57,104825,105],{"class":71},[57,104827,313],{"class":113},[57,104829,316],{"class":71},[20,104831,104832],{},"The argument is optional.",[30,104834,104835,104838],{},[33,104836,104837],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[33,104839,104840],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104842,104843,104844,270],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104845,4035],{},[30,104847,104848,104850,104852,104854,104858],{},[33,104849,8321],{},[33,104851,49174],{},[33,104853,61392],{},[33,104855,104856],{},[15,104857,36430],{},[33,104859,104860],{},"another set",[20,104862,2378],{},[48,104864,104866],{"className":50,"code":104865,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104867,104868,104894,104916,104934],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104869,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104871,102],{"class":101},[57,104873,105],{"class":71},[57,104875,6517],{"class":1102},[57,104877,1949],{"class":71},[57,104879,3231],{"class":75},[57,104881,79],{"class":71},[57,104883,87],{"class":75},[57,104885,79],{"class":71},[57,104887,87],{"class":75},[57,104889,79],{"class":71},[57,104891,1793],{"class":75},[57,104893,3242],{"class":71},[57,104895,104896,104898,104900,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104897,102],{"class":101},[57,104899,105],{"class":71},[57,104901,6517],{"class":1102},[57,104903,5742],{"class":71},[57,104905,1561],{"class":75},[57,104907,79],{"class":71},[57,104909,1617],{"class":75},[57,104911,79],{"class":71},[57,104913,6234],{"class":75},[57,104915,1225],{"class":71},[57,104917,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104919,102],{"class":101},[57,104921,105],{"class":71},[57,104923,6517],{"class":1102},[57,104925,105],{"class":71},[57,104927,170],{"class":169},[57,104929,4084],{"class":173},[57,104931,170],{"class":169},[57,104933,117],{"class":71},[57,104935,104936,104938,104940,104942,104944,104946,104948,104950],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,104937,102],{"class":101},[57,104939,105],{"class":71},[57,104941,6517],{"class":1102},[57,104943,105],{"class":71},[57,104945,60216],{"class":101},[57,104947,105],{"class":71},[57,104949,647],{"class":75},[57,104951,1225],{"class":71},[20,104953,30259],{},[48,104955,104957],{"className":50,"code":104956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104958,104959,104975,104987,105023],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,104960,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969,104971,104973],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,104962,9505],{"class":71},[57,104964,3231],{"class":75},[57,104966,79],{"class":71},[57,104968,87],{"class":75},[57,104970,79],{"class":71},[57,104972,1793],{"class":75},[57,104974,9536],{"class":71},[57,104976,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,104978,9505],{"class":71},[57,104980,1561],{"class":75},[57,104982,79],{"class":71},[57,104984,1617],{"class":75},[57,104986,9536],{"class":71},[57,104988,104989,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,104990,9505],{"class":71},[57,104992,3543],{"class":169},[57,104994,60656],{"class":173},[57,104996,3543],{"class":169},[57,104998,79],{"class":71},[57,105000,3538],{"class":169},[57,105002,60665],{"class":173},[57,105004,3543],{"class":169},[57,105006,79],{"class":71},[57,105008,3538],{"class":169},[57,105010,60674],{"class":173},[57,105012,3543],{"class":169},[57,105014,79],{"class":71},[57,105016,3538],{"class":169},[57,105018,60691],{"class":173},[57,105020,3543],{"class":169},[57,105022,9536],{"class":71},[57,105024,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,105026,9505],{"class":71},[57,105028,1294],{"class":75},[57,105030,79],{"class":71},[57,105032,5729],{"class":75},[57,105034,79],{"class":71},[57,105036,87],{"class":75},[57,105038,79],{"class":71},[57,105040,1793],{"class":75},[57,105042,9536],{"class":71},[20,105044,105045,105046,620],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[614,105047,105048],{"href":65066},"Python list() function explained",[43,105050,105052],{"id":105051},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105054,98278],{},[48,105056,105057],{"className":50,"code":99243,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105058,105059,105069,105079],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105060,105061,105063,105065,105067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105062,98288],{"class":63},[57,105064,68],{"class":67},[57,105066,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105068,8870],{"class":71},[57,105070,105071,105073,105075,105077],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105072,102],{"class":101},[57,105074,105],{"class":71},[57,105076,98307],{"class":113},[57,105078,316],{"class":71},[57,105080,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,105082,102],{"class":101},[57,105084,105],{"class":71},[57,105086,1886],{"class":1102},[57,105088,105],{"class":71},[57,105090,98307],{"class":113},[57,105092,117],{"class":71},[20,105094,216],{},[48,105096,105097],{"className":50,"code":99286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105098,105099,105105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105100,105101,105103],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105102,6517],{"class":1102},[57,105104,8870],{"class":71},[57,105106,105107,105109,105111,105113,105115,105117],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105108,3532],{"class":67},[57,105110,3535],{"class":1208},[57,105112,3538],{"class":169},[57,105114,6517],{"class":173},[57,105116,3543],{"class":169},[57,105118,3546],{"class":67},[20,105120,105121],{},"This is important because:",[30,105123,105124,105129],{},[33,105125,105126,105128],{},[15,105127,4035],{}," creates an empty set",[33,105130,105131,105133,105134,105136],{},[15,105132,4030],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[1399,105135,1401],{}," a set",[20,105138,864],{},[48,105140,105142],{"className":50,"code":105141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105143,105144,105154,105162,105166,105180],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105145,105146,105148,105150,105152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105147,686],{"class":63},[57,105149,68],{"class":67},[57,105151,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105153,8870],{"class":71},[57,105155,105156,105158,105160],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105157,696],{"class":63},[57,105159,68],{"class":67},[57,105161,10065],{"class":71},[57,105163,105164],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,105165,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,105167,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,105169,102],{"class":101},[57,105171,105],{"class":71},[57,105173,1886],{"class":1102},[57,105175,105],{"class":71},[57,105177,614],{"class":113},[57,105179,117],{"class":71},[57,105181,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,105183,102],{"class":101},[57,105185,105],{"class":71},[57,105187,1886],{"class":1102},[57,105189,105],{"class":71},[57,105191,4993],{"class":113},[57,105193,117],{"class":71},[20,105195,216],{},[48,105197,105199],{"className":50,"code":105198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105200,105201,105215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105202,105203,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105204,3532],{"class":67},[57,105206,3535],{"class":1208},[57,105208,3538],{"class":169},[57,105210,6517],{"class":173},[57,105212,3543],{"class":169},[57,105214,3546],{"class":67},[57,105216,105217,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105218,3532],{"class":67},[57,105220,3535],{"class":1208},[57,105222,3538],{"class":169},[57,105224,9049],{"class":173},[57,105226,3543],{"class":169},[57,105228,3546],{"class":67},[20,105230,14279],{},[20,105232,105233,105234,620],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[614,105235,104490],{"href":96329},[43,105237,105239],{"id":105238},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[943,105241,105243],{"id":105242},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105245,105246,105247,620],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105248,4035],{},[48,105250,105252],{"className":50,"code":105251,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105253,105254,105286,105300,105304],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105255,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105272,105274,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105257,64],{"class":63},[57,105259,68],{"class":67},[57,105261,72],{"class":71},[57,105263,3231],{"class":75},[57,105265,79],{"class":71},[57,105267,87],{"class":75},[57,105269,79],{"class":71},[57,105271,87],{"class":75},[57,105273,79],{"class":71},[57,105275,1793],{"class":75},[57,105277,79],{"class":71},[57,105279,1793],{"class":75},[57,105281,79],{"class":71},[57,105283,1793],{"class":75},[57,105285,95],{"class":71},[57,105287,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105289,1336],{"class":63},[57,105291,68],{"class":67},[57,105293,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105295,105],{"class":71},[57,105297,114],{"class":113},[57,105299,316],{"class":71},[57,105301,105302],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,105303,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,105305,105306,105308,105310,105312],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,105307,102],{"class":101},[57,105309,105],{"class":71},[57,105311,1368],{"class":113},[57,105313,316],{"class":71},[20,105315,216],{},[48,105317,105318],{"className":50,"code":96605,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105319,105320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105321,105322,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105323,9505],{"class":71},[57,105325,3231],{"class":75},[57,105327,79],{"class":71},[57,105329,87],{"class":75},[57,105331,79],{"class":71},[57,105333,1793],{"class":75},[57,105335,9536],{"class":71},[20,105337,105338,105339,620],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[614,105340,99076],{"href":105341},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[943,105343,105345],{"id":105344},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[48,105347,105349],{"className":50,"code":105348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105350,105351,105375,105389,105393],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105352,105353,105355,105357,105359,105361,105363,105365,105367,105369,105371,105373],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105354,4061],{"class":63},[57,105356,68],{"class":67},[57,105358,9463],{"class":71},[57,105360,2389],{"class":75},[57,105362,79],{"class":71},[57,105364,92],{"class":75},[57,105366,79],{"class":71},[57,105368,6234],{"class":75},[57,105370,79],{"class":71},[57,105372,38165],{"class":75},[57,105374,316],{"class":71},[57,105376,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105378,1336],{"class":63},[57,105380,68],{"class":67},[57,105382,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105384,105],{"class":71},[57,105386,5589],{"class":113},[57,105388,316],{"class":71},[57,105390,105391],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,105392,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,105394,105395,105397,105399,105401],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,105396,102],{"class":101},[57,105398,105],{"class":71},[57,105400,1368],{"class":113},[57,105402,316],{"class":71},[20,105404,216],{},[48,105406,105408],{"className":50,"code":105407,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105409,105410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105411,105412,105414,105416,105418,105420,105422,105424],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105413,9505],{"class":71},[57,105415,2389],{"class":75},[57,105417,79],{"class":71},[57,105419,6234],{"class":75},[57,105421,79],{"class":71},[57,105423,38165],{"class":75},[57,105425,9536],{"class":71},[943,105427,105429],{"id":105428},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105431,51348,105432,105434],{},[15,105433,4035],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[48,105436,105438],{"className":50,"code":105437,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105439,105440,105452,105466,105470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105441,105442,105444,105446,105448,105450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105443,34918],{"class":63},[57,105445,68],{"class":67},[57,105447,181],{"class":169},[57,105449,184],{"class":173},[57,105451,3602],{"class":169},[57,105453,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105455,1336],{"class":63},[57,105457,68],{"class":67},[57,105459,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105461,105],{"class":71},[57,105463,1222],{"class":113},[57,105465,316],{"class":71},[57,105467,105468],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,105469,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,105471,105472,105474,105476,105478],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,105473,102],{"class":101},[57,105475,105],{"class":71},[57,105477,1368],{"class":113},[57,105479,316],{"class":71},[20,105481,30259],{},[48,105483,105485],{"className":50,"code":105484,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105486,105487],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105488,105489,105491,105493,105495,105497,105499,105501,105503,105505,105507,105509,105511,105513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105490,9505],{"class":71},[57,105492,3543],{"class":169},[57,105494,4993],{"class":173},[57,105496,3543],{"class":169},[57,105498,79],{"class":71},[57,105500,3538],{"class":169},[57,105502,614],{"class":173},[57,105504,3543],{"class":169},[57,105506,79],{"class":71},[57,105508,3538],{"class":169},[57,105510,76238],{"class":173},[57,105512,3543],{"class":169},[57,105514,9536],{"class":71},[20,105516,105517],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[943,105519,105521],{"id":105520},"from-range","From range()",[48,105523,105525],{"className":50,"code":105524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105526,105527,105545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105528,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105530,1336],{"class":63},[57,105532,68],{"class":67},[57,105534,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105536,105],{"class":71},[57,105538,60216],{"class":101},[57,105540,105],{"class":71},[57,105542,2389],{"class":75},[57,105544,117],{"class":71},[57,105546,105547,105549,105551,105553],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105548,102],{"class":101},[57,105550,105],{"class":71},[57,105552,1368],{"class":113},[57,105554,316],{"class":71},[20,105556,216],{},[48,105558,105560],{"className":50,"code":105559,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105561,105562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105563,105564,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105565,9505],{"class":71},[57,105567,1294],{"class":75},[57,105569,79],{"class":71},[57,105571,5729],{"class":75},[57,105573,79],{"class":71},[57,105575,87],{"class":75},[57,105577,79],{"class":71},[57,105579,1793],{"class":75},[57,105581,79],{"class":71},[57,105583,2706],{"class":75},[57,105585,9536],{"class":71},[43,105587,105589],{"id":105588},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105591,99523,105592,620],{},[1399,105593,96369],{},[20,105595,105596],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105598,99529],{},[30,105600,105601,105605,105609,105613],{},[33,105602,105603],{},[15,105604,2440],{},[33,105606,105607],{},[15,105608,1103],{},[33,105610,105611],{},[15,105612,2444],{},[33,105614,105615,105617],{},[15,105616,49174],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105619,864],{},[48,105621,105623],{"className":50,"code":105622,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105624,105625,105656],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105626,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649,105651,105653],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105628,1147],{"class":63},[57,105630,68],{"class":67},[57,105632,10718],{"class":71},[57,105634,3231],{"class":75},[57,105636,79],{"class":71},[57,105638,181],{"class":169},[57,105640,4084],{"class":173},[57,105642,170],{"class":169},[57,105644,79],{"class":71},[57,105646,9463],{"class":71},[57,105648,1561],{"class":75},[57,105650,79],{"class":71},[57,105652,1617],{"class":75},[57,105654,105655],{"class":71},")}\n",[57,105657,105658,105660,105662,105664],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105659,102],{"class":101},[57,105661,105],{"class":71},[57,105663,1199],{"class":113},[57,105665,316],{"class":71},[20,105667,99591,105668,105670],{},[1399,105669,1401],{}," work inside a set:",[30,105672,105673,105677,105681],{},[33,105674,105675],{},[15,105676,8321],{},[33,105678,105679],{},[15,105680,9049],{},[33,105682,105683],{},[15,105684,6517],{},[20,105686,97094],{},[48,105688,105690],{"className":50,"code":105689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105691,105692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105693,105694,105696,105698,105700,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105695,99610],{"class":63},[57,105697,68],{"class":67},[57,105699,99615],{"class":71},[57,105701,3231],{"class":75},[57,105703,79],{"class":71},[57,105705,87],{"class":75},[57,105707,18293],{"class":71},[57,105709,72],{"class":71},[57,105711,76],{"class":75},[57,105713,79],{"class":71},[57,105715,2706],{"class":75},[57,105717,13936],{"class":71},[20,105719,77066,105720,105722],{},[15,105721,1539],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105724,105725],{},"A safer example:",[48,105727,105729],{"className":50,"code":105728,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105730,105731,105759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105732,105733,105736,105738,105741,105743,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105734,105735],{"class":63},"good_set ",[57,105737,68],{"class":67},[57,105739,105740],{"class":71}," {(",[57,105742,3231],{"class":75},[57,105744,79],{"class":71},[57,105746,87],{"class":75},[57,105748,9460],{"class":71},[57,105750,9463],{"class":71},[57,105752,76],{"class":75},[57,105754,79],{"class":71},[57,105756,2706],{"class":75},[57,105758,105655],{"class":71},[57,105760,105761,105763,105765,105768],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105762,102],{"class":101},[57,105764,105],{"class":71},[57,105766,105767],{"class":113},"good_set",[57,105769,316],{"class":71},[20,105771,216],{},[48,105773,105775],{"className":50,"code":105774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105776,105777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105778,105779,105782,105784,105786,105788,105790,105792,105794,105796,105798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105780,105781],{"class":71},"{(",[57,105783,3231],{"class":75},[57,105785,79],{"class":71},[57,105787,87],{"class":75},[57,105789,9460],{"class":71},[57,105791,9463],{"class":71},[57,105793,76],{"class":75},[57,105795,79],{"class":71},[57,105797,2706],{"class":75},[57,105799,105655],{"class":71},[43,105801,105803],{"id":105802},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105805,1806,105806,10828],{},[15,105807,4035],{},[30,105809,105810,105813,105818,105821],{},[33,105811,105812],{},"you need unique values only",[33,105814,105815,105816],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105817,1969],{},[33,105819,105820],{},"order does not matter",[33,105822,105823],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105825,105826],{},"Example of membership checking:",[48,105828,105830],{"className":50,"code":105829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105831,105832,105857,105861,105877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105833,105834,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845,105847,105850,105852,105855],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105835,105836],{"class":63},"allowed_ids ",[57,105838,68],{"class":67},[57,105840,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105842,1949],{"class":71},[57,105844,46817],{"class":75},[57,105846,79],{"class":71},[57,105848,105849],{"class":75}," 102",[57,105851,79],{"class":71},[57,105853,105854],{"class":75}," 103",[57,105856,1975],{"class":71},[57,105858,105859],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105860,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,105862,105863,105865,105867,105870,105872,105875],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,105864,102],{"class":101},[57,105866,105],{"class":71},[57,105868,105869],{"class":75},"102",[57,105871,21404],{"class":1962},[57,105873,105874],{"class":113}," allowed_ids",[57,105876,316],{"class":71},[57,105878,105879,105881,105883,105886,105888,105890],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,105880,102],{"class":101},[57,105882,105],{"class":71},[57,105884,105885],{"class":75},"999",[57,105887,21404],{"class":1962},[57,105889,105874],{"class":113},[57,105891,316],{"class":71},[20,105893,216],{},[48,105895,105896],{"className":50,"code":44399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105897,105898,105902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105899,105900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105901,4214],{"class":1523},[57,105903,105904],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105905,4275],{"class":1523},[20,105907,105908],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[43,105910,105912],{"id":105911},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105914,105915],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[943,105917,1806,105919,98220],{"id":105918},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105920,4035],{},[48,105922,105923],{"className":50,"code":98281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105924,105925,105935],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105926,105927,105929,105931,105933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105928,98288],{"class":63},[57,105930,68],{"class":67},[57,105932,15864],{"class":1102},[57,105934,8870],{"class":71},[57,105936,105937,105939,105941,105943,105945,105947],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,105938,102],{"class":101},[57,105940,105],{"class":71},[57,105942,1886],{"class":1102},[57,105944,105],{"class":71},[57,105946,98307],{"class":113},[57,105948,117],{"class":71},[20,105950,216],{},[48,105952,105953],{"className":50,"code":9080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,105954,105955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105956,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965,105967],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105958,3532],{"class":67},[57,105960,3535],{"class":1208},[57,105962,3538],{"class":169},[57,105964,6517],{"class":173},[57,105966,3543],{"class":169},[57,105968,3546],{"class":67},[943,105970,1806,105972,105974],{"id":105971},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105973,100280],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[48,105976,105978],{"className":50,"code":105977,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105979,105980,106000],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,105981,105982,105984,105986,105988,105990,105992,105994,105996,105998],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,105983,64],{"class":63},[57,105985,68],{"class":67},[57,105987,10718],{"class":71},[57,105989,3231],{"class":75},[57,105991,79],{"class":71},[57,105993,87],{"class":75},[57,105995,79],{"class":71},[57,105997,1793],{"class":75},[57,105999,9536],{"class":71},[57,106001,106002,106004,106006,106008,106010,106012],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106003,102],{"class":101},[57,106005,105],{"class":71},[57,106007,1886],{"class":1102},[57,106009,105],{"class":71},[57,106011,114],{"class":113},[57,106013,117],{"class":71},[20,106015,216],{},[48,106017,106018],{"className":50,"code":9080,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106019,106020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106021,106022,106024,106026,106028,106030,106032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106023,3532],{"class":67},[57,106025,3535],{"class":1208},[57,106027,3538],{"class":169},[57,106029,6517],{"class":173},[57,106031,3543],{"class":169},[57,106033,3546],{"class":67},[943,106035,1806,106037,106039],{"id":106036},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106038,4030],{}," for an empty dictionary",[48,106041,106043],{"className":50,"code":106042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106044,106045,106054],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106046,106047,106050,106052],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106048,106049],{"class":63},"empty_dict ",[57,106051,68],{"class":67},[57,106053,10065],{"class":71},[57,106055,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106067],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106057,102],{"class":101},[57,106059,105],{"class":71},[57,106061,1886],{"class":1102},[57,106063,105],{"class":71},[57,106065,106066],{"class":113},"empty_dict",[57,106068,117],{"class":71},[20,106070,216],{},[48,106072,106073],{"className":50,"code":9036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106074,106075],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106076,106077,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106078,3532],{"class":67},[57,106080,3535],{"class":1208},[57,106082,3538],{"class":169},[57,106084,9049],{"class":173},[57,106086,3543],{"class":169},[57,106088,3546],{"class":67},[20,106090,106091],{},"So the rule is simple:",[30,106093,106094,106099,106104],{},[33,106095,106096,106098],{},[15,106097,4035],{}," → empty set",[33,106100,106101,106103],{},[15,106102,100280],{}," → non-empty set",[33,106105,106106,106108],{},[15,106107,4030],{}," → empty dictionary",[43,106110,1829],{"id":1828},[20,106112,106113,106114,620],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106115,4035],{},[943,106117,443,106118,99878],{"id":99875},[15,106119,4030],{},[20,106121,106122],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[48,106124,106125],{"className":50,"code":99884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,106126,106127,106135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106128,106129,106131,106133],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106130,2696],{"class":63},[57,106132,68],{"class":67},[57,106134,10065],{"class":71},[57,106136,106137,106139,106141,106143,106145,106147],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106138,102],{"class":101},[57,106140,105],{"class":71},[57,106142,1886],{"class":1102},[57,106144,105],{"class":71},[57,106146,364],{"class":113},[57,106148,117],{"class":71},[943,106150,106152,106153],{"id":106151},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106154,106155],{},"set(5)",[20,106157,106158,106160],{},[15,106159,4035],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[48,106162,106164],{"className":50,"code":106163,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set(5)\n",[15,106165,106166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106167,106168,106170,106172,106174],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106169,6517],{"class":1102},[57,106171,105],{"class":71},[57,106173,2389],{"class":75},[57,106175,316],{"class":71},[20,106177,1674,106178,106180,106181,620],{},[15,106179,1539],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[614,106182,106184],{"href":106183},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[943,106186,106188],{"id":106187},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106190,106191],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[48,106193,106195],{"className":50,"code":106194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106196,106197],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106198,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215,106217,106219,106221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106200,2696],{"class":63},[57,106202,68],{"class":67},[57,106204,99615],{"class":71},[57,106206,3231],{"class":75},[57,106208,79],{"class":71},[57,106210,87],{"class":75},[57,106212,18293],{"class":71},[57,106214,72],{"class":71},[57,106216,76],{"class":75},[57,106218,79],{"class":71},[57,106220,2706],{"class":75},[57,106222,13936],{"class":71},[943,106224,1848,106226,106228],{"id":106225},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106227,4035],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106230,106231],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[943,106233,37434,106235,8932,106237,3122,106239],{"id":106234},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106236,4035],{},[15,106238,25011],{},[15,106240,9348],{},[20,106242,106243],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[43,106245,60928],{"id":60927},[20,106247,1862],{},[48,106249,106251],{"className":50,"code":106250,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106252,106253,106268,106278,106292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106254,106255,106257,106259,106261,106263,106266],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106256,102],{"class":101},[57,106258,105],{"class":71},[57,106260,1886],{"class":1102},[57,106262,105],{"class":71},[57,106264,106265],{"class":113},"my_value",[57,106267,117],{"class":71},[57,106269,106270,106272,106274,106276],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106271,102],{"class":101},[57,106273,105],{"class":71},[57,106275,106265],{"class":113},[57,106277,316],{"class":71},[57,106279,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,106281,102],{"class":101},[57,106283,105],{"class":71},[57,106285,8321],{"class":1102},[57,106287,105],{"class":71},[57,106289,15897],{"class":113},[57,106291,117],{"class":71},[57,106293,106294,106296,106298,106300,106302,106304],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,106295,102],{"class":101},[57,106297,105],{"class":71},[57,106299,1007],{"class":101},[57,106301,105],{"class":71},[57,106303,15897],{"class":113},[57,106305,117],{"class":71},[20,106307,106308],{},"What they help you see:",[30,106310,106311,106317,106322,106328],{},[33,106312,106313,106316],{},[15,106314,106315],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[33,106318,106319,90544],{},[15,106320,106321],{},"print(my_value)",[33,106323,106324,106327],{},[15,106325,106326],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[33,106329,106330,106333],{},[15,106331,106332],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[43,106335,2011],{"id":2010},[943,106337,106339],{"id":106338},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106341,106342],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[943,106344,106346],{"id":106345},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106348,1806,106349,106351,106352,106354],{},[15,106350,4035],{},". Do not use ",[15,106353,4030],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[943,106356,106358],{"id":106357},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106360,106361],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[943,106363,106365],{"id":106364},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106367,106368],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106370,864],{},[48,106372,106374],{"className":50,"code":106373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106375,106376],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106377,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106379,102],{"class":101},[57,106381,105],{"class":71},[57,106383,6517],{"class":1102},[57,106385,105],{"class":71},[57,106387,170],{"class":169},[57,106389,174],{"class":173},[57,106391,170],{"class":169},[57,106393,117],{"class":71},[20,106395,30259],{},[48,106397,106399],{"className":50,"code":106398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106400,106401],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106402,106403,106405,106407,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106404,9505],{"class":71},[57,106406,3543],{"class":169},[57,106408,614],{"class":173},[57,106410,3543],{"class":169},[57,106412,79],{"class":71},[57,106414,3538],{"class":169},[57,106416,20],{"class":173},[57,106418,3543],{"class":169},[57,106420,79],{"class":71},[57,106422,3538],{"class":169},[57,106424,60674],{"class":173},[57,106426,3543],{"class":169},[57,106428,79],{"class":71},[57,106430,3538],{"class":169},[57,106432,60665],{"class":173},[57,106434,3543],{"class":169},[57,106436,9536],{"class":71},[943,106438,5389,106440,106443],{"id":106439},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106441,106442],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106445,106446,28916,106448,106451],{},[15,106447,4035],{},[1399,106449,106450],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106453,106454],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[48,106456,106458],{"className":50,"code":106457,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106459,106460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106461,106462,106464,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106463,102],{"class":101},[57,106465,105],{"class":71},[57,106467,6517],{"class":1102},[57,106469,1949],{"class":71},[57,106471,3231],{"class":75},[57,106473,79],{"class":71},[57,106475,87],{"class":75},[57,106477,79],{"class":71},[57,106479,1793],{"class":75},[57,106481,79],{"class":71},[57,106483,2706],{"class":75},[57,106485,3242],{"class":71},[43,106487,2135],{"id":2134},[30,106489,106490,106494,106498,106502,106506],{},[33,106491,106492],{},[614,106493,96326],{"href":96325},[33,106495,106496],{},[614,106497,104490],{"href":96329},[33,106499,106500],{},[614,106501,100342],{"href":105341},[33,106503,106504],{},[614,106505,105048],{"href":65066},[33,106507,106508],{},[614,106509,106184],{"href":106183},[2172,106511,106512],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":106514},[106515,106516,106517,106518,106519,106525,106526,106527,106535,106545,106546,106554],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":104666,"depth":98,"text":104667},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":105051,"depth":98,"text":105052},{"id":105238,"depth":98,"text":105239,"children":106520},[106521,106522,106523,106524],{"id":105242,"depth":120,"text":105243},{"id":105344,"depth":120,"text":105345},{"id":105428,"depth":120,"text":105429},{"id":105520,"depth":120,"text":105521},{"id":105588,"depth":98,"text":105589},{"id":105802,"depth":98,"text":105803},{"id":105911,"depth":98,"text":105912,"children":106528},[106529,106531,106533],{"id":105918,"depth":120,"text":106530},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105971,"depth":120,"text":106532},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106036,"depth":120,"text":106534},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":106536},[106537,106538,106540,106541,106543],{"id":99875,"depth":120,"text":100383},{"id":106151,"depth":120,"text":106539},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106187,"depth":120,"text":106188},{"id":106225,"depth":120,"text":106542},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106234,"depth":120,"text":106544},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60927,"depth":98,"text":60928},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":106547},[106548,106549,106550,106551,106552],{"id":106338,"depth":120,"text":106339},{"id":106345,"depth":120,"text":106346},{"id":106357,"depth":120,"text":106358},{"id":106364,"depth":120,"text":106365},{"id":106439,"depth":120,"text":106553},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104548,"description":106555},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106562,"title":106563,"body":106564,"description":108079,"extension":2219,"meta":108080,"navigation":123,"path":108081,"seo":108082,"stem":108083,"__hash__":108084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106565,"toc":108055},[106566,106572,106577,106580,106663,106668,106673,106678,106680,106693,106697,106699,106718,106721,106744,106747,106758,106760,106841,106843,106860,106862,106868,106871,106966,106968,106999,107001,107009,107011,107014,107125,107127,107152,107154,107176,107181,107186,107192,107301,107303,107319,107322,107325,107408,107410,107427,107435,107437,107441,107447,107538,107540,107573,107578,107585,107662,107664,107681,107687,107689,107693,107709,107712,107738,107740,107801,107803,107926,107928,107979,107985,107987,107992,107994,108000,108003,108007,108010,108014,108017,108027,108029,108052],[10,106567,13,106569,11549],{"id":106568},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106570,106571],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106573,935,106574,106576],{},[15,106575,106571],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106578,106579],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[48,106581,106583],{"className":50,"code":106582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106584,106585,106605,106625,106629,106648,106658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106586,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106588,686],{"class":63},[57,106590,68],{"class":67},[57,106592,10718],{"class":71},[57,106594,3231],{"class":75},[57,106596,79],{"class":71},[57,106598,87],{"class":75},[57,106600,79],{"class":71},[57,106602,1793],{"class":75},[57,106604,9536],{"class":71},[57,106606,106607,106609,106611,106613,106615,106617,106619,106621,106623],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106608,696],{"class":63},[57,106610,68],{"class":67},[57,106612,10718],{"class":71},[57,106614,1788],{"class":75},[57,106616,79],{"class":71},[57,106618,1793],{"class":75},[57,106620,79],{"class":71},[57,106622,2706],{"class":75},[57,106624,9536],{"class":71},[57,106626,106627],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,106628,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,106630,106631,106633,106635,106637,106639,106642,106644,106646],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,106632,1336],{"class":63},[57,106634,68],{"class":67},[57,106636,57107],{"class":63},[57,106638,620],{"class":71},[57,106640,106641],{"class":113},"intersection",[57,106643,105],{"class":71},[57,106645,4993],{"class":113},[57,106647,316],{"class":71},[57,106649,106650,106652,106654,106656],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,106651,102],{"class":101},[57,106653,105],{"class":71},[57,106655,1368],{"class":113},[57,106657,316],{"class":71},[57,106659,106660],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,106661,106662],{"class":3903},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106664,1806,106665,106667],{},[15,106666,102789],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[43,106669,13226,106671,13229],{"id":106670},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106672,102789],{},[20,106674,106675,106677],{},[15,106676,102789],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106679,13282],{},[30,106681,106682,106685,106687,106690],{},[33,106683,106684],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[33,106686,100559],{},[33,106688,106689],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[33,106691,106692],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106694,96322,106695,620],{},[614,106696,96326],{"href":96325},[43,106698,294],{"id":293},[48,106700,106702],{"className":50,"code":106701,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106703,106704],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106705,106706,106708,106710,106712,106714,106716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106707,100583],{"class":63},[57,106709,620],{"class":71},[57,106711,106641],{"class":113},[57,106713,105],{"class":71},[57,106715,100592],{"class":113},[57,106717,316],{"class":71},[20,106719,106720],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[48,106722,106724],{"className":50,"code":106723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106725,106726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106727,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106729,100583],{"class":63},[57,106731,620],{"class":71},[57,106733,106641],{"class":113},[57,106735,105],{"class":71},[57,106737,100592],{"class":113},[57,106739,79],{"class":71},[57,106741,100619],{"class":113},[57,106743,316],{"class":71},[20,106745,106746],{},"Important notes:",[30,106748,106749,106752,106755],{},[33,106750,106751],{},"The result is always a new set",[33,106753,106754],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[33,106756,106757],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106759,864],{},[48,106761,106763],{"className":50,"code":106762,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106764,106765,106789,106809,106813,106831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106766,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775,106777,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106768,686],{"class":63},[57,106770,68],{"class":67},[57,106772,10718],{"class":71},[57,106774,3231],{"class":75},[57,106776,79],{"class":71},[57,106778,87],{"class":75},[57,106780,79],{"class":71},[57,106782,1793],{"class":75},[57,106784,79],{"class":71},[57,106786,2706],{"class":75},[57,106788,9536],{"class":71},[57,106790,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106792,696],{"class":63},[57,106794,68],{"class":67},[57,106796,10718],{"class":71},[57,106798,76],{"class":75},[57,106800,79],{"class":71},[57,106802,2706],{"class":75},[57,106804,79],{"class":71},[57,106806,92],{"class":75},[57,106808,9536],{"class":71},[57,106810,106811],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,106812,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,106814,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,106816,1336],{"class":63},[57,106818,68],{"class":67},[57,106820,57107],{"class":63},[57,106822,620],{"class":71},[57,106824,106641],{"class":113},[57,106826,105],{"class":71},[57,106828,4993],{"class":113},[57,106830,316],{"class":71},[57,106832,106833,106835,106837,106839],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,106834,102],{"class":101},[57,106836,105],{"class":71},[57,106838,1368],{"class":113},[57,106840,316],{"class":71},[20,106842,216],{},[48,106844,106846],{"className":50,"code":106845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106847,106848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106849,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106851,9505],{"class":71},[57,106853,76],{"class":75},[57,106855,79],{"class":71},[57,106857,2706],{"class":75},[57,106859,9536],{"class":71},[43,106861,17649],{"id":17648},[20,106863,106864,22205,106866,620],{},[15,106865,102789],{},[1399,106867,6517],{},[20,106869,106870],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[48,106872,106874],{"className":50,"code":106873,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106875,106876,106896,106916,106920,106938,106942,106952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106877,106878,106880,106882,106884,106886,106888,106890,106892,106894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106879,686],{"class":63},[57,106881,68],{"class":67},[57,106883,10718],{"class":71},[57,106885,3231],{"class":75},[57,106887,79],{"class":71},[57,106889,87],{"class":75},[57,106891,79],{"class":71},[57,106893,1793],{"class":75},[57,106895,9536],{"class":71},[57,106897,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106899,696],{"class":63},[57,106901,68],{"class":67},[57,106903,10718],{"class":71},[57,106905,1788],{"class":75},[57,106907,79],{"class":71},[57,106909,1793],{"class":75},[57,106911,79],{"class":71},[57,106913,2706],{"class":75},[57,106915,9536],{"class":71},[57,106917,106918],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,106919,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,106921,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,106923,1336],{"class":63},[57,106925,68],{"class":67},[57,106927,57107],{"class":63},[57,106929,620],{"class":71},[57,106931,106641],{"class":113},[57,106933,105],{"class":71},[57,106935,4993],{"class":113},[57,106937,316],{"class":71},[57,106939,106940],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,106941,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,106943,106944,106946,106948,106950],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,106945,102],{"class":101},[57,106947,105],{"class":71},[57,106949,1368],{"class":113},[57,106951,316],{"class":71},[57,106953,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,106955,102],{"class":101},[57,106957,105],{"class":71},[57,106959,1886],{"class":1102},[57,106961,105],{"class":71},[57,106963,1368],{"class":113},[57,106965,117],{"class":71},[20,106967,216],{},[48,106969,106971],{"className":50,"code":106970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106972,106973,106985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,106974,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,106976,9505],{"class":71},[57,106978,1788],{"class":75},[57,106980,79],{"class":71},[57,106982,1793],{"class":75},[57,106984,9536],{"class":71},[57,106986,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,106988,3532],{"class":67},[57,106990,3535],{"class":1208},[57,106992,3538],{"class":169},[57,106994,6517],{"class":173},[57,106996,3543],{"class":169},[57,106998,3546],{"class":67},[20,107000,85807],{},[30,107002,107003,107006],{},[33,107004,107005],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[33,107007,107008],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[43,107010,11703],{"id":11702},[20,107012,107013],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[48,107015,107017],{"className":50,"code":107016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107018,107019,107052,107085,107089,107110,107114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107020,107021,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046,107048,107050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107022,107023],{"class":63},"colors1 ",[57,107025,68],{"class":67},[57,107027,10718],{"class":71},[57,107029,170],{"class":169},[57,107031,13323],{"class":173},[57,107033,170],{"class":169},[57,107035,79],{"class":71},[57,107037,181],{"class":169},[57,107039,13340],{"class":173},[57,107041,170],{"class":169},[57,107043,79],{"class":71},[57,107045,181],{"class":169},[57,107047,17686],{"class":173},[57,107049,170],{"class":169},[57,107051,9536],{"class":71},[57,107053,107054,107057,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069,107071,107073,107075,107077,107079,107081,107083],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107055,107056],{"class":63},"colors2 ",[57,107058,68],{"class":67},[57,107060,10718],{"class":71},[57,107062,170],{"class":169},[57,107064,17686],{"class":173},[57,107066,170],{"class":169},[57,107068,79],{"class":71},[57,107070,181],{"class":169},[57,107072,22754],{"class":173},[57,107074,170],{"class":169},[57,107076,79],{"class":71},[57,107078,181],{"class":169},[57,107080,13340],{"class":173},[57,107082,170],{"class":169},[57,107084,9536],{"class":71},[57,107086,107087],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107088,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107090,107091,107094,107096,107099,107101,107103,107105,107108],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107092,107093],{"class":63},"common_colors ",[57,107095,68],{"class":67},[57,107097,107098],{"class":63}," colors1",[57,107100,620],{"class":71},[57,107102,106641],{"class":113},[57,107104,105],{"class":71},[57,107106,107107],{"class":113},"colors2",[57,107109,316],{"class":71},[57,107111,107112],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,107113,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107115,107116,107118,107120,107123],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,107117,102],{"class":101},[57,107119,105],{"class":71},[57,107121,107122],{"class":113},"common_colors",[57,107124,316],{"class":71},[20,107126,216],{},[48,107128,107130],{"className":50,"code":107129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107131,107132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107133,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107135,9505],{"class":71},[57,107137,3543],{"class":169},[57,107139,13340],{"class":173},[57,107141,3543],{"class":169},[57,107143,79],{"class":71},[57,107145,3538],{"class":169},[57,107147,17686],{"class":173},[57,107149,3543],{"class":169},[57,107151,9536],{"class":71},[20,107153,11912],{},[30,107155,107156,107162,107166,107171],{},[33,107157,107158,107161],{},[15,107159,107160],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[33,107163,107164,107161],{},[15,107165,107107],{},[33,107167,107168,107170],{},[15,107169,102789],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[33,107172,107173,107174],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107175,107122],{},[43,107177,443,107179,101156],{"id":107178},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107180,102789],{},[20,107182,107183,107184,620],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107185,102789],{},[20,107187,107188,107189,107191],{},"Only the values found in ",[1399,107190,3955],{}," inputs will be kept.",[48,107193,107195],{"className":50,"code":107194,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107196,107197,107221,107245,107265,107269,107291],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107198,107199,107201,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107200,686],{"class":63},[57,107202,68],{"class":67},[57,107204,10718],{"class":71},[57,107206,3231],{"class":75},[57,107208,79],{"class":71},[57,107210,87],{"class":75},[57,107212,79],{"class":71},[57,107214,1793],{"class":75},[57,107216,79],{"class":71},[57,107218,2706],{"class":75},[57,107220,9536],{"class":71},[57,107222,107223,107225,107227,107229,107231,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107224,696],{"class":63},[57,107226,68],{"class":67},[57,107228,10718],{"class":71},[57,107230,1788],{"class":75},[57,107232,79],{"class":71},[57,107234,1793],{"class":75},[57,107236,79],{"class":71},[57,107238,2706],{"class":75},[57,107240,79],{"class":71},[57,107242,92],{"class":75},[57,107244,9536],{"class":71},[57,107246,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255,107257,107259,107261,107263],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107248,706],{"class":63},[57,107250,68],{"class":67},[57,107252,10718],{"class":71},[57,107254,76],{"class":75},[57,107256,79],{"class":71},[57,107258,2706],{"class":75},[57,107260,79],{"class":71},[57,107262,37874],{"class":75},[57,107264,9536],{"class":71},[57,107266,107267],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107268,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107270,107271,107273,107275,107277,107279,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,107272,1336],{"class":63},[57,107274,68],{"class":67},[57,107276,57107],{"class":63},[57,107278,620],{"class":71},[57,107280,106641],{"class":113},[57,107282,105],{"class":71},[57,107284,4993],{"class":113},[57,107286,79],{"class":71},[57,107288,738],{"class":113},[57,107290,316],{"class":71},[57,107292,107293,107295,107297,107299],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,107294,102],{"class":101},[57,107296,105],{"class":71},[57,107298,1368],{"class":113},[57,107300,316],{"class":71},[20,107302,216],{},[48,107304,107305],{"className":50,"code":106845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,107306,107307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107308,107309,107311,107313,107315,107317],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107310,9505],{"class":71},[57,107312,76],{"class":75},[57,107314,79],{"class":71},[57,107316,2706],{"class":75},[57,107318,9536],{"class":71},[20,107320,107321],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107323,107324],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[48,107326,107328],{"className":50,"code":107327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107329,107330,107354,107358,107398],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107331,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107333,686],{"class":63},[57,107335,68],{"class":67},[57,107337,10718],{"class":71},[57,107339,3231],{"class":75},[57,107341,79],{"class":71},[57,107343,87],{"class":75},[57,107345,79],{"class":71},[57,107347,1793],{"class":75},[57,107349,79],{"class":71},[57,107351,2706],{"class":75},[57,107353,9536],{"class":71},[57,107355,107356],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107357,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107359,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390,107392,107394,107396],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107361,1336],{"class":63},[57,107363,68],{"class":67},[57,107365,57107],{"class":63},[57,107367,620],{"class":71},[57,107369,106641],{"class":113},[57,107371,1949],{"class":71},[57,107373,1788],{"class":75},[57,107375,79],{"class":71},[57,107377,2706],{"class":75},[57,107379,79],{"class":71},[57,107381,37874],{"class":75},[57,107383,18293],{"class":71},[57,107385,9463],{"class":71},[57,107387,3231],{"class":75},[57,107389,79],{"class":71},[57,107391,87],{"class":75},[57,107393,79],{"class":71},[57,107395,2706],{"class":75},[57,107397,117],{"class":71},[57,107399,107400,107402,107404,107406],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107401,102],{"class":101},[57,107403,105],{"class":71},[57,107405,1368],{"class":113},[57,107407,316],{"class":71},[20,107409,216],{},[48,107411,107413],{"className":50,"code":107412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107414,107415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107416,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107418,9505],{"class":71},[57,107420,1788],{"class":75},[57,107422,79],{"class":71},[57,107424,2706],{"class":75},[57,107426,9536],{"class":71},[43,107428,107430,1682,107432],{"id":107429},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107431,102789],{},[15,107433,107434],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107436,101326],{},[943,107438,107439],{"id":106641},[15,107440,102789],{},[30,107442,107443,107445],{},[33,107444,101335],{},[33,107446,101338],{},[48,107448,107450],{"className":50,"code":107449,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107451,107452,107472,107492,107496,107514,107518,107528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107453,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466,107468,107470],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107455,686],{"class":63},[57,107457,68],{"class":67},[57,107459,10718],{"class":71},[57,107461,3231],{"class":75},[57,107463,79],{"class":71},[57,107465,87],{"class":75},[57,107467,79],{"class":71},[57,107469,1793],{"class":75},[57,107471,9536],{"class":71},[57,107473,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107475,696],{"class":63},[57,107477,68],{"class":67},[57,107479,10718],{"class":71},[57,107481,1788],{"class":75},[57,107483,79],{"class":71},[57,107485,1793],{"class":75},[57,107487,79],{"class":71},[57,107489,2706],{"class":75},[57,107491,9536],{"class":71},[57,107493,107494],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107495,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107497,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506,107508,107510,107512],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107499,1336],{"class":63},[57,107501,68],{"class":67},[57,107503,57107],{"class":63},[57,107505,620],{"class":71},[57,107507,106641],{"class":113},[57,107509,105],{"class":71},[57,107511,4993],{"class":113},[57,107513,316],{"class":71},[57,107515,107516],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,107517,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107519,107520,107522,107524,107526],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,107521,102],{"class":101},[57,107523,105],{"class":71},[57,107525,614],{"class":113},[57,107527,316],{"class":71},[57,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,107531,102],{"class":101},[57,107533,105],{"class":71},[57,107535,1368],{"class":113},[57,107537,316],{"class":71},[20,107539,216],{},[48,107541,107543],{"className":50,"code":107542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107544,107545,107561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107546,107547,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107548,9505],{"class":71},[57,107550,3231],{"class":75},[57,107552,79],{"class":71},[57,107554,87],{"class":75},[57,107556,79],{"class":71},[57,107558,1793],{"class":75},[57,107560,9536],{"class":71},[57,107562,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107564,9505],{"class":71},[57,107566,1788],{"class":75},[57,107568,79],{"class":71},[57,107570,1793],{"class":75},[57,107572,9536],{"class":71},[943,107574,107576],{"id":107575},"intersection_update",[15,107577,107434],{},[30,107579,107580,107582],{},[33,107581,101478],{},[33,107583,107584],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[48,107586,107588],{"className":50,"code":107587,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107589,107590,107610,107630,107634,107648,107652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107591,107592,107594,107596,107598,107600,107602,107604,107606,107608],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107593,686],{"class":63},[57,107595,68],{"class":67},[57,107597,10718],{"class":71},[57,107599,3231],{"class":75},[57,107601,79],{"class":71},[57,107603,87],{"class":75},[57,107605,79],{"class":71},[57,107607,1793],{"class":75},[57,107609,9536],{"class":71},[57,107611,107612,107614,107616,107618,107620,107622,107624,107626,107628],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107613,696],{"class":63},[57,107615,68],{"class":67},[57,107617,10718],{"class":71},[57,107619,1788],{"class":75},[57,107621,79],{"class":71},[57,107623,1793],{"class":75},[57,107625,79],{"class":71},[57,107627,2706],{"class":75},[57,107629,9536],{"class":71},[57,107631,107632],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107633,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107635,107636,107638,107640,107642,107644,107646],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107637,614],{"class":63},[57,107639,620],{"class":71},[57,107641,107575],{"class":113},[57,107643,105],{"class":71},[57,107645,4993],{"class":113},[57,107647,316],{"class":71},[57,107649,107650],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,107651,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107653,107654,107656,107658,107660],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,107655,102],{"class":101},[57,107657,105],{"class":71},[57,107659,614],{"class":113},[57,107661,316],{"class":71},[20,107663,216],{},[48,107665,107667],{"className":50,"code":107666,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107668,107669],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107670,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107672,9505],{"class":71},[57,107674,1788],{"class":75},[57,107676,79],{"class":71},[57,107678,1793],{"class":75},[57,107680,9536],{"class":71},[20,107682,107683,107684,107686],{},"Choose ",[15,107685,102789],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[43,107688,4751],{"id":4750},[20,107690,14964,107691,270],{},[15,107692,102789],{},[30,107694,107695,107698,107701,107704],{},[33,107696,107697],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[33,107699,107700],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[33,107702,107703],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[33,107705,107706,107707],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107708,102789],{},[20,107710,107711],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[30,107713,107714,107719,107722,107735],{},[33,107715,443,107716,107718],{},[15,107717,102789],{}," when order matters",[33,107720,107721],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[33,107723,37434,107724,8932,107726,3122,107731],{},[15,107725,102789],{},[614,107727,107729],{"href":107728},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107730,102797],{},[614,107732,107733],{"href":102838},[15,107734,100412],{},[33,107736,107737],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107739,30365],{},[48,107741,107743],{"className":50,"code":107742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107744,107745,107755,107769,107787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107746,107747,107749,107751,107753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107748,102],{"class":101},[57,107750,105],{"class":71},[57,107752,15897],{"class":113},[57,107754,316],{"class":71},[57,107756,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107758,102],{"class":101},[57,107760,105],{"class":71},[57,107762,1886],{"class":1102},[57,107764,105],{"class":71},[57,107766,1368],{"class":113},[57,107768,117],{"class":71},[57,107770,107771,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107772,102],{"class":101},[57,107774,105],{"class":71},[57,107776,100583],{"class":113},[57,107778,620],{"class":71},[57,107780,106641],{"class":113},[57,107782,105],{"class":71},[57,107784,100592],{"class":113},[57,107786,117],{"class":71},[57,107788,107789,107791,107793,107795,107797,107799],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107790,102],{"class":101},[57,107792,105],{"class":71},[57,107794,1007],{"class":101},[57,107796,105],{"class":71},[57,107798,1368],{"class":113},[57,107800,117],{"class":71},[20,107802,864],{},[48,107804,107806],{"className":50,"code":107805,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107807,107808,107832,107852,107856,107874,107878,107888,107898,107912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107809,107810,107812,107814,107816,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107811,64],{"class":63},[57,107813,68],{"class":67},[57,107815,10718],{"class":71},[57,107817,3231],{"class":75},[57,107819,79],{"class":71},[57,107821,87],{"class":75},[57,107823,79],{"class":71},[57,107825,87],{"class":75},[57,107827,79],{"class":71},[57,107829,1793],{"class":75},[57,107831,9536],{"class":71},[57,107833,107834,107836,107838,107840,107842,107844,107846,107848,107850],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107835,43774],{"class":63},[57,107837,68],{"class":67},[57,107839,10718],{"class":71},[57,107841,1788],{"class":75},[57,107843,79],{"class":71},[57,107845,1793],{"class":75},[57,107847,79],{"class":71},[57,107849,2706],{"class":75},[57,107851,9536],{"class":71},[57,107853,107854],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107855,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107857,107858,107860,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107859,1336],{"class":63},[57,107861,68],{"class":67},[57,107863,4495],{"class":63},[57,107865,620],{"class":71},[57,107867,106641],{"class":113},[57,107869,105],{"class":71},[57,107871,30973],{"class":113},[57,107873,316],{"class":71},[57,107875,107876],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,107877,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,107879,107880,107882,107884,107886],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,107881,102],{"class":101},[57,107883,105],{"class":71},[57,107885,114],{"class":113},[57,107887,316],{"class":71},[57,107889,107890,107892,107894,107896],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,107891,102],{"class":101},[57,107893,105],{"class":71},[57,107895,1368],{"class":113},[57,107897,316],{"class":71},[57,107899,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,107901,102],{"class":101},[57,107903,105],{"class":71},[57,107905,1886],{"class":1102},[57,107907,105],{"class":71},[57,107909,1368],{"class":113},[57,107911,117],{"class":71},[57,107913,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922,107924],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,107915,102],{"class":101},[57,107917,105],{"class":71},[57,107919,1007],{"class":101},[57,107921,105],{"class":71},[57,107923,1368],{"class":113},[57,107925,117],{"class":71},[20,107927,216],{},[48,107929,107931],{"className":50,"code":107930,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107932,107933,107949,107961,107975],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,107934,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,107936,9505],{"class":71},[57,107938,3231],{"class":75},[57,107940,79],{"class":71},[57,107942,87],{"class":75},[57,107944,79],{"class":71},[57,107946,1793],{"class":75},[57,107948,9536],{"class":71},[57,107950,107951,107953,107955,107957,107959],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,107952,9505],{"class":71},[57,107954,1788],{"class":75},[57,107956,79],{"class":71},[57,107958,1793],{"class":75},[57,107960,9536],{"class":71},[57,107962,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,107964,3532],{"class":67},[57,107966,3535],{"class":1208},[57,107968,3538],{"class":169},[57,107970,6517],{"class":173},[57,107972,3543],{"class":169},[57,107974,3546],{"class":67},[57,107976,107977],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,107978,17286],{"class":75},[20,107980,107981,107982,107984],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107983,1788],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,107986,2011],{"id":2010},[943,107988,12933,107990,102737],{"id":107989},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107991,102789],{},[20,107993,102740],{},[943,107995,2025,107997,107999],{"id":107996},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107998,102789],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108001,108002],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[943,108004,108006],{"id":108005},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108008,108009],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[943,108011,108013],{"id":108012},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108015,108016],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[48,108018,108019],{"className":50,"code":97456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,108020,108021],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108022,108023,108025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108024,6517],{"class":1102},[57,108026,8870],{"class":71},[43,108028,2135],{"id":2134},[30,108030,108031,108035,108042,108048],{},[33,108032,108033],{},[614,108034,96326],{"href":96325},[33,108036,108037],{},[614,108038,13,108039,10968],{"href":107728},[15,108040,108041],{},"set.union()",[33,108043,108044],{},[614,108045,13,108046,10968],{"href":102838},[15,108047,100417],{},[33,108049,108050],{},[614,108051,100342],{"href":105341},[2172,108053,108054],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":108056},[108057,108059,108060,108061,108062,108064,108069,108070,108078],{"id":106670,"depth":98,"text":108058},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":107178,"depth":98,"text":108063},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107429,"depth":98,"text":108065,"children":108066},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108067,108068],{"id":106641,"depth":120,"text":102789},{"id":107575,"depth":120,"text":107434},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":108071},[108072,108074,108076,108077],{"id":107989,"depth":120,"text":108073},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107996,"depth":120,"text":108075},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108005,"depth":120,"text":108006},{"id":108012,"depth":120,"text":108013},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106563,"description":108079},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108086,"title":108087,"body":108088,"description":109324,"extension":2219,"meta":109325,"navigation":123,"path":109326,"seo":109327,"stem":109328,"__hash__":109329},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108089,"toc":109291},[108090,108095,108101,108110,108112,108187,108192,108207,108217,108222,108226,108239,108243,108245,108260,108262,108278,108280,108355,108359,108362,108364,108381,108386,108441,108446,108458,108462,108465,108566,108568,108609,108612,108616,108623,108625,108650,108653,108671,108678,108684,108687,108769,108776,108779,108859,108868,108871,108876,108880,108894,108943,108948,108952,108963,109012,109023,109028,109032,109044,109093,109104,109106,109110,109133,109135,109192,109194,109208,109210,109216,109222,109228,109237,109241,109248,109252,109260,109262,109288],[10,108091,96198,108093,11549],{"id":108092},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108094,12992],{},[20,108096,108097,108100],{},[15,108098,108099],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108102,108103,108104,108106,108107,108109],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[1399,108105,1401],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108108,12992],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[43,108111,46],{"id":45},[48,108113,108115],{"className":50,"code":108114,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108116,108117,108149,108163,108167,108177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108118,108119,108121,108123,108125,108127,108129,108131,108133,108135,108137,108139,108141,108143,108145,108147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108120,1147],{"class":63},[57,108122,68],{"class":67},[57,108124,10718],{"class":71},[57,108126,170],{"class":169},[57,108128,174],{"class":173},[57,108130,170],{"class":169},[57,108132,79],{"class":71},[57,108134,181],{"class":169},[57,108136,184],{"class":173},[57,108138,170],{"class":169},[57,108140,79],{"class":71},[57,108142,181],{"class":169},[57,108144,4329],{"class":173},[57,108146,170],{"class":169},[57,108148,9536],{"class":71},[57,108150,108151,108153,108155,108157,108159,108161],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108152,70148],{"class":63},[57,108154,68],{"class":67},[57,108156,1972],{"class":63},[57,108158,620],{"class":71},[57,108160,26472],{"class":113},[57,108162,8870],{"class":71},[57,108164,108165],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,108166,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,108168,108169,108171,108173,108175],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,108170,102],{"class":101},[57,108172,105],{"class":71},[57,108174,70171],{"class":113},[57,108176,316],{"class":71},[57,108178,108179,108181,108183,108185],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,108180,102],{"class":101},[57,108182,105],{"class":71},[57,108184,1199],{"class":113},[57,108186,316],{"class":71},[20,108188,108189],{},[1399,108190,108191],{},"What this does:",[30,108193,108194,108199,108204],{},[33,108195,108196,108197],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108198,1199],{},[33,108200,108201,108202],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108203,70171],{},[33,108205,108206],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108208,108209,88958,108211,108213,108214,108216],{},[1399,108210,1384],{},[15,108212,108099],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[1399,108215,1401],{}," chosen by index.",[43,108218,262,108220,265],{"id":108219},"what-setpop-does",[15,108221,108099],{},[20,108223,108224,270],{},[15,108225,108099],{},[30,108227,108228,108230,108233,108236],{},[33,108229,103040],{},[33,108231,108232],{},"Returns the removed item",[33,108234,108235],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[33,108237,108238],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108240,96322,108241,620],{},[614,108242,96326],{"href":97497},[43,108244,294],{"id":293},[48,108246,108248],{"className":50,"code":108247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108249,108250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108251,108252,108254,108256,108258],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108253,15897],{"class":63},[57,108255,620],{"class":71},[57,108257,26472],{"class":113},[57,108259,8870],{"class":71},[20,108261,13282],{},[30,108263,108264,108270,108275],{},[33,108265,108266,108267],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108268,108269],{},"my_set.pop()",[33,108271,108272,108273],{},"It takes ",[1399,108274,28919],{},[33,108276,108277],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108279,864],{},[48,108281,108283],{"className":50,"code":108282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108284,108285,108317,108331,108335,108345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108286,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299,108301,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108288,13306],{"class":63},[57,108290,68],{"class":67},[57,108292,10718],{"class":71},[57,108294,170],{"class":169},[57,108296,13323],{"class":173},[57,108298,170],{"class":169},[57,108300,79],{"class":71},[57,108302,181],{"class":169},[57,108304,13340],{"class":173},[57,108306,170],{"class":169},[57,108308,79],{"class":71},[57,108310,181],{"class":169},[57,108312,17686],{"class":173},[57,108314,170],{"class":169},[57,108316,9536],{"class":71},[57,108318,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327,108329],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108320,28769],{"class":63},[57,108322,68],{"class":67},[57,108324,13354],{"class":63},[57,108326,620],{"class":71},[57,108328,26472],{"class":113},[57,108330,8870],{"class":71},[57,108332,108333],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,108334,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,108336,108337,108339,108341,108343],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,108338,102],{"class":101},[57,108340,105],{"class":71},[57,108342,23541],{"class":113},[57,108344,316],{"class":71},[57,108346,108347,108349,108351,108353],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,108348,102],{"class":101},[57,108350,105],{"class":71},[57,108352,17733],{"class":113},[57,108354,316],{"class":71},[43,108356,108358],{"id":108357},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108360,108361],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108363,2360],{},[30,108365,108366,108372,108375],{},[33,108367,108368,108369,108371],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108370,12992],{}," removes",[33,108373,108374],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[33,108376,108377,108378,108380],{},"You should not use ",[15,108379,12992],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108382,10688,108383,108385],{},[1399,108384,1401],{}," valid:",[48,108387,108389],{"className":50,"code":108388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108390,108391,108423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108392,108393,108395,108397,108399,108401,108403,108405,108407,108409,108411,108413,108415,108417,108419,108421],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108394,36471],{"class":63},[57,108396,68],{"class":67},[57,108398,10718],{"class":71},[57,108400,170],{"class":169},[57,108402,174],{"class":173},[57,108404,170],{"class":169},[57,108406,79],{"class":71},[57,108408,181],{"class":169},[57,108410,184],{"class":173},[57,108412,170],{"class":169},[57,108414,79],{"class":71},[57,108416,181],{"class":169},[57,108418,4329],{"class":173},[57,108420,170],{"class":169},[57,108422,9536],{"class":71},[57,108424,108425,108427,108429,108431,108433,108435,108437,108439],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108426,36523],{"class":63},[57,108428,620],{"class":71},[57,108430,26472],{"class":113},[57,108432,105],{"class":71},[57,108434,170],{"class":169},[57,108436,174],{"class":173},[57,108438,170],{"class":169},[57,108440,316],{"class":71},[20,108442,39882,108443,108445],{},[15,108444,108099],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108447,108448,108449,3122,108453,620],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[614,108450,108451],{"href":98207},[15,108452,102866],{},[614,108454,108456],{"href":108455},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108457,102857],{},[43,108459,108461],{"id":108460},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108463,108464],{},"Here is a simple example:",[48,108466,108468],{"className":50,"code":108467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108469,108470,108504,108508,108524,108528,108547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108471,108472,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485,108487,108489,108491,108493,108495,108497,108500,108502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108473,108474],{"class":63},"animals ",[57,108476,68],{"class":67},[57,108478,10718],{"class":71},[57,108480,170],{"class":169},[57,108482,964],{"class":173},[57,108484,170],{"class":169},[57,108486,79],{"class":71},[57,108488,181],{"class":169},[57,108490,982],{"class":173},[57,108492,170],{"class":169},[57,108494,79],{"class":71},[57,108496,181],{"class":169},[57,108498,108499],{"class":173},"rabbit",[57,108501,170],{"class":169},[57,108503,9536],{"class":71},[57,108505,108506],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108507,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,108509,108510,108513,108515,108518,108520,108522],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,108511,108512],{"class":63},"removed_animal ",[57,108514,68],{"class":67},[57,108516,108517],{"class":63}," animals",[57,108519,620],{"class":71},[57,108521,26472],{"class":113},[57,108523,8870],{"class":71},[57,108525,108526],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,108527,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,108529,108530,108532,108534,108536,108538,108540,108542,108545],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,108531,102],{"class":101},[57,108533,105],{"class":71},[57,108535,170],{"class":169},[57,108537,29187],{"class":173},[57,108539,170],{"class":169},[57,108541,79],{"class":71},[57,108543,108544],{"class":113}," removed_animal",[57,108546,316],{"class":71},[57,108548,108549,108551,108553,108555,108558,108560,108562,108564],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,108550,102],{"class":101},[57,108552,105],{"class":71},[57,108554,170],{"class":169},[57,108556,108557],{"class":173},"Updated set:",[57,108559,170],{"class":169},[57,108561,79],{"class":71},[57,108563,108517],{"class":113},[57,108565,316],{"class":71},[20,108567,30259],{},[48,108569,108571],{"className":50,"code":108570,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108572,108573,108582],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108574,108575,108577,108579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108576,29229],{"class":63},[57,108578,270],{"class":71},[57,108580,108581],{"class":63}," dog\n",[57,108583,108584,108587,108589,108591,108593,108595,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605,108607],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108585,108586],{"class":63},"Updated ",[57,108588,6517],{"class":1102},[57,108590,270],{"class":71},[57,108592,10718],{"class":71},[57,108594,3543],{"class":169},[57,108596,964],{"class":173},[57,108598,3543],{"class":169},[57,108600,79],{"class":71},[57,108602,3538],{"class":169},[57,108604,108499],{"class":173},[57,108606,3543],{"class":169},[57,108608,9536],{"class":71},[20,108610,108611],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[43,108613,108615],{"id":108614},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108617,1837,108618,108620,108621,620],{},[15,108619,12992],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108622,19919],{},[20,108624,864],{},[48,108626,108628],{"className":50,"code":108627,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108629,108630,108640],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108631,108632,108634,108636,108638],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108633,1147],{"class":63},[57,108635,68],{"class":67},[57,108637,15864],{"class":1102},[57,108639,8870],{"class":71},[57,108641,108642,108644,108646,108648],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108643,1199],{"class":63},[57,108645,620],{"class":71},[57,108647,26472],{"class":113},[57,108649,8870],{"class":71},[20,108651,108652],{},"This raises:",[48,108654,108656],{"className":50,"code":108655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108657,108658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108659,108660,108662,108664,108666,108669],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108661,19919],{"class":1102},[57,108663,270],{"class":71},[57,108665,3538],{"class":169},[57,108667,108668],{"class":173},"pop from an empty set",[57,108670,29929],{"class":169},[20,108672,108673,108674,108677],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[614,108675,108676],{"href":11302},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[943,108679,108681,108682],{"id":108680},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108683,12992],{},[20,108685,108686],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[48,108688,108690],{"className":50,"code":108689,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108691,108692,108702,108706,108714,108729,108748,108754],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108693,108694,108696,108698,108700],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108695,1147],{"class":63},[57,108697,68],{"class":67},[57,108699,15864],{"class":1102},[57,108701,8870],{"class":71},[57,108703,108704],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108705,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,108707,108708,108710,108712],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,108709,7228],{"class":1962},[57,108711,1972],{"class":63},[57,108713,6623],{"class":71},[57,108715,108716,108719,108721,108723,108725,108727],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,108717,108718],{"class":63},"    removed ",[57,108720,68],{"class":67},[57,108722,1972],{"class":63},[57,108724,620],{"class":71},[57,108726,26472],{"class":113},[57,108728,8870],{"class":71},[57,108730,108731,108733,108735,108737,108739,108741,108743,108746],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,108732,8296],{"class":101},[57,108734,105],{"class":71},[57,108736,170],{"class":169},[57,108738,29187],{"class":173},[57,108740,170],{"class":169},[57,108742,79],{"class":71},[57,108744,108745],{"class":113}," removed",[57,108747,316],{"class":71},[57,108749,108750,108752],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,108751,27664],{"class":1962},[57,108753,6623],{"class":71},[57,108755,108756,108758,108760,108762,108765,108767],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,108757,8296],{"class":101},[57,108759,105],{"class":71},[57,108761,170],{"class":169},[57,108763,108764],{"class":173},"The set is empty.",[57,108766,170],{"class":169},[57,108768,316],{"class":71},[943,108770,1806,108772,1242,108774],{"id":108771},"use-try-and-except",[15,108773,30033],{},[15,108775,30064],{},[20,108777,108778],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[48,108780,108782],{"className":50,"code":108781,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108783,108784,108794,108798,108804,108818,108836,108844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108785,108786,108788,108790,108792],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108787,1147],{"class":63},[57,108789,68],{"class":67},[57,108791,15864],{"class":1102},[57,108793,8870],{"class":71},[57,108795,108796],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108797,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,108799,108800,108802],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,108801,30033],{"class":1962},[57,108803,6623],{"class":71},[57,108805,108806,108808,108810,108812,108814,108816],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,108807,108718],{"class":63},[57,108809,68],{"class":67},[57,108811,1972],{"class":63},[57,108813,620],{"class":71},[57,108815,26472],{"class":113},[57,108817,8870],{"class":71},[57,108819,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832,108834],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,108821,8296],{"class":101},[57,108823,105],{"class":71},[57,108825,170],{"class":169},[57,108827,29187],{"class":173},[57,108829,170],{"class":169},[57,108831,79],{"class":71},[57,108833,108745],{"class":113},[57,108835,316],{"class":71},[57,108837,108838,108840,108842],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,108839,30064],{"class":1962},[57,108841,30067],{"class":1102},[57,108843,6623],{"class":71},[57,108845,108846,108848,108850,108852,108855,108857],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,108847,8296],{"class":101},[57,108849,105],{"class":71},[57,108851,170],{"class":169},[57,108853,108854],{"class":173},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[57,108856,170],{"class":169},[57,108858,316],{"class":71},[43,108860,5194,108862,1682,108864,1682,108866],{"id":108861},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108863,12992],{},[15,108865,55748],{},[15,108867,102852],{},[20,108869,108870],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[943,108872,1806,108874],{"id":108873},"use-pop",[15,108875,12992],{},[20,108877,1806,108878,10828],{},[15,108879,12992],{},[30,108881,108882,108888,108891],{},[33,108883,108884,108885],{},"You want to remove ",[1399,108886,108887],{},"any one item",[33,108889,108890],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[33,108892,108893],{},"You want the removed item returned",[48,108895,108897],{"className":50,"code":108896,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108898,108899,108919,108933],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108900,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913,108915,108917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108902,64],{"class":63},[57,108904,68],{"class":67},[57,108906,10718],{"class":71},[57,108908,3231],{"class":75},[57,108910,79],{"class":71},[57,108912,87],{"class":75},[57,108914,79],{"class":71},[57,108916,1793],{"class":75},[57,108918,9536],{"class":71},[57,108920,108921,108923,108925,108927,108929,108931],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108922,2696],{"class":63},[57,108924,68],{"class":67},[57,108926,4495],{"class":63},[57,108928,620],{"class":71},[57,108930,26472],{"class":113},[57,108932,8870],{"class":71},[57,108934,108935,108937,108939,108941],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,108936,102],{"class":101},[57,108938,105],{"class":71},[57,108940,364],{"class":113},[57,108942,316],{"class":71},[943,108944,1806,108946],{"id":108945},"use-remove",[15,108947,55748],{},[20,108949,1806,108950,10828],{},[15,108951,55748],{},[30,108953,108954,108960],{},[33,108955,108956,108957],{},"You want to delete a ",[1399,108958,108959],{},"specific item",[33,108961,108962],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[48,108964,108966],{"className":50,"code":108965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108967,108968,108988,109002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,108969,108970,108972,108974,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,108971,64],{"class":63},[57,108973,68],{"class":67},[57,108975,10718],{"class":71},[57,108977,3231],{"class":75},[57,108979,79],{"class":71},[57,108981,87],{"class":75},[57,108983,79],{"class":71},[57,108985,1793],{"class":75},[57,108987,9536],{"class":71},[57,108989,108990,108992,108994,108996,108998,109000],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,108991,114],{"class":63},[57,108993,620],{"class":71},[57,108995,35024],{"class":113},[57,108997,105],{"class":71},[57,108999,1788],{"class":75},[57,109001,316],{"class":71},[57,109003,109004,109006,109008,109010],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,109005,102],{"class":101},[57,109007,105],{"class":71},[57,109009,114],{"class":113},[57,109011,316],{"class":71},[20,109013,109014,109015,109017,109018,109022],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109016,55748],{}," raises an error. See the ",[614,109019,109020,10968],{"href":98207},[15,109021,102866],{}," for details.",[943,109024,1806,109026],{"id":109025},"use-discard",[15,109027,102852],{},[20,109029,1806,109030,10828],{},[15,109031,102852],{},[30,109033,109034,109038],{},[33,109035,108956,109036],{},[1399,109037,108959],{},[33,109039,109040,109041,109043],{},"You do ",[1399,109042,1401],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[48,109045,109047],{"className":50,"code":109046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109048,109049,109069,109083],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109050,109051,109053,109055,109057,109059,109061,109063,109065,109067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109052,64],{"class":63},[57,109054,68],{"class":67},[57,109056,10718],{"class":71},[57,109058,3231],{"class":75},[57,109060,79],{"class":71},[57,109062,87],{"class":75},[57,109064,79],{"class":71},[57,109066,1793],{"class":75},[57,109068,9536],{"class":71},[57,109070,109071,109073,109075,109077,109079,109081],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109072,114],{"class":63},[57,109074,620],{"class":71},[57,109076,102919],{"class":113},[57,109078,105],{"class":71},[57,109080,2389],{"class":75},[57,109082,316],{"class":71},[57,109084,109085,109087,109089,109091],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,109086,102],{"class":101},[57,109088,105],{"class":71},[57,109090,114],{"class":113},[57,109092,316],{"class":71},[20,109094,109095,109096,109098,109099,109103],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109097,2389],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[614,109100,109101,10968],{"href":108455},[15,109102,102857],{}," for more examples.",[43,109105,1829],{"id":1828},[20,109107,71694,109108,270],{},[15,109109,108099],{},[30,109111,109112,109118,109123,109128],{},[33,109113,109114,109115],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109116,109117],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[33,109119,1848,109120,109122],{},[15,109121,12992],{}," to remove the first or last item",[33,109124,1837,109125,109127],{},[15,109126,12992],{}," on an empty set",[33,109129,443,109130,109132],{},[15,109131,12992],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109134,62513],{},[48,109136,109138],{"className":50,"code":109137,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109139,109140,109150,109164,109178],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109141,109142,109144,109146,109148],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109143,102],{"class":101},[57,109145,105],{"class":71},[57,109147,15897],{"class":113},[57,109149,316],{"class":71},[57,109151,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109153,102],{"class":101},[57,109155,105],{"class":71},[57,109157,1007],{"class":101},[57,109159,105],{"class":71},[57,109161,15897],{"class":113},[57,109163,117],{"class":71},[57,109165,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174,109176],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,109167,102],{"class":101},[57,109169,105],{"class":71},[57,109171,1886],{"class":1102},[57,109173,105],{"class":71},[57,109175,15897],{"class":113},[57,109177,117],{"class":71},[57,109179,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,109181,28769],{"class":63},[57,109183,68],{"class":67},[57,109185,96922],{"class":63},[57,109187,620],{"class":71},[57,109189,26472],{"class":113},[57,109191,8870],{"class":71},[20,109193,26239],{},[30,109195,109196,109199,109202,109205],{},[33,109197,109198],{},"What values are in the set",[33,109200,109201],{},"Whether the set is empty",[33,109203,109204],{},"That the object is really a set",[33,109206,109207],{},"What value was actually removed",[43,109209,2011],{"id":2010},[943,109211,12933,109213,109215],{"id":109212},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109214,108099],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109217,109218,109219,109221],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109220,12992],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[943,109223,109225,109226,2053],{"id":109224},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109227,108099],{},[20,109229,109230,109231,109233,109234,109236],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109232,12992],{},", set ",[15,109235,12992],{}," does not accept an index.",[943,109238,109240],{"id":109239},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109242,71861,109243,44855,109245,109247],{},[15,109244,19919],{},[15,109246,12992],{}," is called on an empty set.",[943,109249,109251],{"id":109250},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109253,1806,109254,3122,109256,11320,109258,620],{},[15,109255,55748],{},[15,109257,102852],{},[15,109259,12992],{},[43,109261,2135],{"id":2134},[30,109263,109264,109268,109274,109280,109284],{},[33,109265,109266],{},[614,109267,96326],{"href":97497},[33,109269,109270],{},[614,109271,96812,109272,10968],{"href":98207},[15,109273,55748],{},[33,109275,109276],{},[614,109277,96812,109278,10968],{"href":108455},[15,109279,102852],{},[33,109281,109282],{},[614,109283,11489],{"href":11302},[33,109285,109286],{},[614,109287,55734],{"href":55286},[2172,109289,109290],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":109292},[109293,109294,109296,109297,109298,109299,109305,109314,109315,109323],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":108219,"depth":98,"text":109295},"What set.pop() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":108357,"depth":98,"text":108358},{"id":108460,"depth":98,"text":108461},{"id":108614,"depth":98,"text":108615,"children":109300},[109301,109303],{"id":108680,"depth":120,"text":109302},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108771,"depth":120,"text":109304},"Use try and except",{"id":108861,"depth":98,"text":109306,"children":109307},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109308,109310,109312],{"id":108873,"depth":120,"text":109309},"Use pop()",{"id":108945,"depth":120,"text":109311},"Use remove()",{"id":109025,"depth":120,"text":109313},"Use discard()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":109316},[109317,109319,109321,109322],{"id":109212,"depth":120,"text":109318},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109224,"depth":120,"text":109320},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109239,"depth":120,"text":109240},{"id":109250,"depth":120,"text":109251},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108087,"description":109324},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109331,"title":109332,"body":109333,"description":110487,"extension":2219,"meta":110488,"navigation":123,"path":110489,"seo":110490,"stem":110491,"__hash__":110492},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109334,"toc":110455},[109335,109340,109345,109354,109356,109421,109425,109449,109456,109461,109465,109480,109483,109485,109504,109518,109521,109569,109573,109589,109591,109664,109668,109693,109699,109707,109711,109718,109773,109778,109795,109801,109807,109812,109820,109827,109831,109839,109894,109896,109913,109917,109924,109989,109993,110026,110028,110040,110047,110049,110054,110061,110063,110132,110136,110144,110146,110210,110214,110219,110266,110271,110339,110347,110354,110357,110363,110368,110372,110374,110377,110379,110384,110389,110395,110400,110407,110415,110421,110424,110426,110452],[10,109336,96198,109338,11549],{"id":109337},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109339,55748],{},[20,109341,109342,109344],{},[15,109343,102866],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109346,109347,109348,109351,109352,620],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[1399,109349,109350],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109353,19919],{},[43,109355,46],{"id":45},[48,109357,109359],{"className":50,"code":109358,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109360,109361,109393,109411],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109362,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387,109389,109391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109364,13306],{"class":63},[57,109366,68],{"class":67},[57,109368,10718],{"class":71},[57,109370,170],{"class":169},[57,109372,13323],{"class":173},[57,109374,170],{"class":169},[57,109376,79],{"class":71},[57,109378,181],{"class":169},[57,109380,13340],{"class":173},[57,109382,170],{"class":169},[57,109384,79],{"class":71},[57,109386,181],{"class":169},[57,109388,17686],{"class":173},[57,109390,170],{"class":169},[57,109392,9536],{"class":71},[57,109394,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109396,17733],{"class":63},[57,109398,620],{"class":71},[57,109400,35024],{"class":113},[57,109402,105],{"class":71},[57,109404,170],{"class":169},[57,109406,13340],{"class":173},[57,109408,170],{"class":169},[57,109410,316],{"class":71},[57,109412,109413,109415,109417,109419],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,109414,102],{"class":101},[57,109416,105],{"class":71},[57,109418,17733],{"class":113},[57,109420,316],{"class":71},[20,109422,109423],{},[1399,109424,30259],{},[48,109426,109427],{"className":50,"code":103546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109428,109429],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109430,109431,109433,109435,109437,109439,109441,109443,109445,109447],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109432,9505],{"class":71},[57,109434,3543],{"class":169},[57,109436,13323],{"class":173},[57,109438,3543],{"class":169},[57,109440,79],{"class":71},[57,109442,3538],{"class":169},[57,109444,17686],{"class":173},[57,109446,3543],{"class":169},[57,109448,9536],{"class":71},[20,109450,1806,109451,109453,109454,620],{},[15,109452,55748],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109455,19919],{},[43,109457,262,109459,265],{"id":109458},"what-setremove-does",[15,109460,102866],{},[20,109462,109463,270],{},[15,109464,102866],{},[30,109466,109467,109470,109472,109474],{},[33,109468,109469],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[33,109471,96313],{},[33,109473,96316],{},[33,109475,109476,109477,109479],{},"Raises ",[15,109478,19919],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109481,109482],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[43,109484,294],{"id":293},[48,109486,109488],{"className":50,"code":109487,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109489,109490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109491,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109493,15897],{"class":63},[57,109495,620],{"class":71},[57,109497,35024],{"class":113},[57,109499,105],{"class":71},[57,109501,364],{"class":113},[57,109503,316],{"class":71},[30,109505,109506,109510,109515],{},[33,109507,109508,103088],{},[15,109509,15897],{},[33,109511,109512,109514],{},[15,109513,364],{}," is the item to remove",[33,109516,109517],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109519,109520],{},"Here is a small example:",[48,109522,109523],{"className":50,"code":108965,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109524,109525,109545,109559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109526,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109528,64],{"class":63},[57,109530,68],{"class":67},[57,109532,10718],{"class":71},[57,109534,3231],{"class":75},[57,109536,79],{"class":71},[57,109538,87],{"class":75},[57,109540,79],{"class":71},[57,109542,1793],{"class":75},[57,109544,9536],{"class":71},[57,109546,109547,109549,109551,109553,109555,109557],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109548,114],{"class":63},[57,109550,620],{"class":71},[57,109552,35024],{"class":113},[57,109554,105],{"class":71},[57,109556,1788],{"class":75},[57,109558,316],{"class":71},[57,109560,109561,109563,109565,109567],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,109562,102],{"class":101},[57,109564,105],{"class":71},[57,109566,114],{"class":113},[57,109568,316],{"class":71},[20,109570,109571],{},[1399,109572,30259],{},[48,109574,109575],{"className":50,"code":101296,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,109576,109577],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109578,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109580,9505],{"class":71},[57,109582,3231],{"class":75},[57,109584,79],{"class":71},[57,109586,1793],{"class":75},[57,109588,9536],{"class":71},[43,109590,11703],{"id":11702},[48,109592,109594],{"className":50,"code":109593,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109595,109596,109628,109632,109650,109654],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109597,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109599,36471],{"class":63},[57,109601,68],{"class":67},[57,109603,10718],{"class":71},[57,109605,170],{"class":169},[57,109607,174],{"class":173},[57,109609,170],{"class":169},[57,109611,79],{"class":71},[57,109613,181],{"class":169},[57,109615,184],{"class":173},[57,109617,170],{"class":169},[57,109619,79],{"class":71},[57,109621,181],{"class":169},[57,109623,33451],{"class":173},[57,109625,170],{"class":169},[57,109627,9536],{"class":71},[57,109629,109630],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109631,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,109633,109634,109636,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,109635,36523],{"class":63},[57,109637,620],{"class":71},[57,109639,35024],{"class":113},[57,109641,105],{"class":71},[57,109643,170],{"class":169},[57,109645,184],{"class":173},[57,109647,170],{"class":169},[57,109649,316],{"class":71},[57,109651,109652],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,109653,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,109655,109656,109658,109660,109662],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,109657,102],{"class":101},[57,109659,105],{"class":71},[57,109661,36523],{"class":113},[57,109663,316],{"class":71},[20,109665,109666],{},[1399,109667,30259],{},[48,109669,109671],{"className":50,"code":109670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109672,109673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109674,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109676,9505],{"class":71},[57,109678,3543],{"class":169},[57,109680,174],{"class":173},[57,109682,3543],{"class":169},[57,109684,79],{"class":71},[57,109686,3538],{"class":169},[57,109688,33451],{"class":173},[57,109690,3543],{"class":169},[57,109692,9536],{"class":71},[20,109694,109695,109696,109698],{},"This removes ",[15,109697,854],{}," from the set.",[20,109700,109701,109702,109704,109705,620],{},"A set does ",[1399,109703,1401],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[614,109706,96330],{"href":97881},[43,109708,109710],{"id":109709},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109712,109713,109714,2040,109716,620],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109715,55748],{},[15,109717,19919],{},[48,109719,109721],{"className":50,"code":109720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109722,109723,109755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109724,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109726,13306],{"class":63},[57,109728,68],{"class":67},[57,109730,10718],{"class":71},[57,109732,170],{"class":169},[57,109734,13323],{"class":173},[57,109736,170],{"class":169},[57,109738,79],{"class":71},[57,109740,181],{"class":169},[57,109742,13340],{"class":173},[57,109744,170],{"class":169},[57,109746,79],{"class":71},[57,109748,181],{"class":169},[57,109750,17686],{"class":173},[57,109752,170],{"class":169},[57,109754,9536],{"class":71},[57,109756,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109758,17733],{"class":63},[57,109760,620],{"class":71},[57,109762,35024],{"class":113},[57,109764,105],{"class":71},[57,109766,170],{"class":169},[57,109768,22754],{"class":173},[57,109770,170],{"class":169},[57,109772,316],{"class":71},[20,109774,109775],{},[1399,109776,109777],{},"Result:",[48,109779,109781],{"className":50,"code":109780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109782,109783],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109784,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109786,19919],{"class":1102},[57,109788,270],{"class":71},[57,109790,3538],{"class":169},[57,109792,22754],{"class":173},[57,109794,29929],{"class":169},[20,109796,22419,109797,109800],{},[15,109798,109799],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109802,109803,109804,109806],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109805,55748],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109808,109809,109810,620],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[614,109811,11489],{"href":11302},[43,109813,4430,109815,109817,109818],{"id":109814},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109816,55748],{}," is different from ",[15,109819,102852],{},[20,109821,109822,1242,109824,109826],{},[15,109823,55748],{},[15,109825,102852],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[943,109828,109829],{"id":35024},[15,109830,55748],{},[30,109832,109833,109836],{},[33,109834,109835],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[33,109837,109838],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[48,109840,109842],{"className":50,"code":109841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109843,109844,109876],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109845,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109847,36322],{"class":63},[57,109849,68],{"class":67},[57,109851,10718],{"class":71},[57,109853,170],{"class":169},[57,109855,614],{"class":173},[57,109857,170],{"class":169},[57,109859,79],{"class":71},[57,109861,181],{"class":169},[57,109863,4993],{"class":173},[57,109865,170],{"class":169},[57,109867,79],{"class":71},[57,109869,181],{"class":169},[57,109871,9966],{"class":173},[57,109873,170],{"class":169},[57,109875,9536],{"class":71},[57,109877,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109879,36375],{"class":63},[57,109881,620],{"class":71},[57,109883,35024],{"class":113},[57,109885,105],{"class":71},[57,109887,170],{"class":169},[57,109889,18999],{"class":173},[57,109891,170],{"class":169},[57,109893,316],{"class":71},[20,109895,108652],{},[48,109897,109899],{"className":50,"code":109898,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109900,109901],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109902,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109904,19919],{"class":1102},[57,109906,270],{"class":71},[57,109908,3538],{"class":169},[57,109910,18999],{"class":173},[57,109912,29929],{"class":169},[943,109914,109915],{"id":102919},[15,109916,102852],{},[30,109918,109919,109921],{},[33,109920,109835],{},[33,109922,109923],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[48,109925,109927],{"className":50,"code":109926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109928,109929,109961,109979],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109930,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,109932,36322],{"class":63},[57,109934,68],{"class":67},[57,109936,10718],{"class":71},[57,109938,170],{"class":169},[57,109940,614],{"class":173},[57,109942,170],{"class":169},[57,109944,79],{"class":71},[57,109946,181],{"class":169},[57,109948,4993],{"class":173},[57,109950,170],{"class":169},[57,109952,79],{"class":71},[57,109954,181],{"class":169},[57,109956,9966],{"class":173},[57,109958,170],{"class":169},[57,109960,9536],{"class":71},[57,109962,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,109964,36375],{"class":63},[57,109966,620],{"class":71},[57,109968,102919],{"class":113},[57,109970,105],{"class":71},[57,109972,170],{"class":169},[57,109974,18999],{"class":173},[57,109976,170],{"class":169},[57,109978,316],{"class":71},[57,109980,109981,109983,109985,109987],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,109982,102],{"class":101},[57,109984,105],{"class":71},[57,109986,36375],{"class":113},[57,109988,316],{"class":71},[20,109990,109991],{},[1399,109992,216],{},[48,109994,109996],{"className":50,"code":109995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109997,109998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,109999,110000,110002,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110001,9505],{"class":71},[57,110003,3543],{"class":169},[57,110005,614],{"class":173},[57,110007,3543],{"class":169},[57,110009,79],{"class":71},[57,110011,3538],{"class":169},[57,110013,4993],{"class":173},[57,110015,3543],{"class":169},[57,110017,79],{"class":71},[57,110019,3538],{"class":169},[57,110021,9966],{"class":173},[57,110023,3543],{"class":169},[57,110025,9536],{"class":71},[20,110027,18926],{},[30,110029,110030,110035],{},[33,110031,110032,110034],{},[15,110033,55748],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[33,110036,110037,110039],{},[15,110038,102852],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110041,110042,110043,620],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[614,110044,96812,110045,10968],{"href":108455},[15,110046,102852],{},[43,110048,4751],{"id":4750},[943,110050,1848,110052,97192],{"id":110051},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110053,55748],{},[20,110055,110056,110058,110059,620],{},[15,110057,55748],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110060,1524],{},[20,110062,16873],{},[48,110064,110066],{"className":50,"code":110065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110067,110068,110100,110122],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110069,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110071,13306],{"class":63},[57,110073,68],{"class":67},[57,110075,10718],{"class":71},[57,110077,170],{"class":169},[57,110079,13323],{"class":173},[57,110081,170],{"class":169},[57,110083,79],{"class":71},[57,110085,181],{"class":169},[57,110087,13340],{"class":173},[57,110089,170],{"class":169},[57,110091,79],{"class":71},[57,110093,181],{"class":169},[57,110095,17686],{"class":173},[57,110097,170],{"class":169},[57,110099,9536],{"class":71},[57,110101,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,110103,13349],{"class":63},[57,110105,68],{"class":67},[57,110107,13354],{"class":63},[57,110109,620],{"class":71},[57,110111,35024],{"class":113},[57,110113,105],{"class":71},[57,110115,170],{"class":169},[57,110117,13340],{"class":173},[57,110119,170],{"class":169},[57,110121,316],{"class":71},[57,110123,110124,110126,110128,110130],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,110125,102],{"class":101},[57,110127,105],{"class":71},[57,110129,13373],{"class":113},[57,110131,316],{"class":71},[20,110133,110134],{},[1399,110135,216],{},[48,110137,110138],{"className":50,"code":12037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,110139,110140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110141,110142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110143,12037],{"class":1523},[20,110145,16885],{},[48,110147,110148],{"className":50,"code":109358,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,110149,110150,110182,110200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110151,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110153,13306],{"class":63},[57,110155,68],{"class":67},[57,110157,10718],{"class":71},[57,110159,170],{"class":169},[57,110161,13323],{"class":173},[57,110163,170],{"class":169},[57,110165,79],{"class":71},[57,110167,181],{"class":169},[57,110169,13340],{"class":173},[57,110171,170],{"class":169},[57,110173,79],{"class":71},[57,110175,181],{"class":169},[57,110177,17686],{"class":173},[57,110179,170],{"class":169},[57,110181,9536],{"class":71},[57,110183,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196,110198],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,110185,17733],{"class":63},[57,110187,620],{"class":71},[57,110189,35024],{"class":113},[57,110191,105],{"class":71},[57,110193,170],{"class":169},[57,110195,13340],{"class":173},[57,110197,170],{"class":169},[57,110199,316],{"class":71},[57,110201,110202,110204,110206,110208],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,110203,102],{"class":101},[57,110205,105],{"class":71},[57,110207,17733],{"class":113},[57,110209,316],{"class":71},[943,110211,110213],{"id":110212},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110215,110216,110217,620],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110218,19919],{},[48,110220,110222],{"className":50,"code":110221,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110223,110224,110248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110225,110226,110228,110230,110232,110234,110236,110238,110240,110242,110244,110246],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110227,13306],{"class":63},[57,110229,68],{"class":67},[57,110231,10718],{"class":71},[57,110233,170],{"class":169},[57,110235,13323],{"class":173},[57,110237,170],{"class":169},[57,110239,79],{"class":71},[57,110241,181],{"class":169},[57,110243,13340],{"class":173},[57,110245,170],{"class":169},[57,110247,9536],{"class":71},[57,110249,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,110251,17733],{"class":63},[57,110253,620],{"class":71},[57,110255,35024],{"class":113},[57,110257,105],{"class":71},[57,110259,170],{"class":169},[57,110261,17686],{"class":173},[57,110263,170],{"class":169},[57,110265,316],{"class":71},[20,110267,110268,110269,270],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110270,1969],{},[48,110272,110274],{"className":50,"code":110273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110275,110276,110300,110304,110320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110277,110278,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110279,13306],{"class":63},[57,110281,68],{"class":67},[57,110283,10718],{"class":71},[57,110285,170],{"class":169},[57,110287,13323],{"class":173},[57,110289,170],{"class":169},[57,110291,79],{"class":71},[57,110293,181],{"class":169},[57,110295,13340],{"class":173},[57,110297,170],{"class":169},[57,110299,9536],{"class":71},[57,110301,110302],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,110303,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,110305,110306,110308,110310,110312,110314,110316,110318],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,110307,7228],{"class":1962},[57,110309,181],{"class":169},[57,110311,17686],{"class":173},[57,110313,170],{"class":169},[57,110315,21404],{"class":67},[57,110317,13354],{"class":63},[57,110319,6623],{"class":71},[57,110321,110322,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,110323,110324],{"class":63},"    colors",[57,110326,620],{"class":71},[57,110328,35024],{"class":113},[57,110330,105],{"class":71},[57,110332,170],{"class":169},[57,110334,17686],{"class":173},[57,110336,170],{"class":169},[57,110338,316],{"class":71},[20,110340,110341,110342,110346],{},"Or use ",[614,110343,110344],{"href":108455},[15,110345,102852],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[943,110348,37434,110350,8932,110352],{"id":110349},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110351,102866],{},[15,110353,55294],{},[20,110355,110356],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110358,110359,110360,110362],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110361,102866],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110364,110365,110366,620],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[614,110367,99076],{"href":99075},[943,110369,110371],{"id":110370},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110373,108361],{},[20,110375,110376],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[43,110378,2011],{"id":2010},[943,110380,12933,110382,97291],{"id":110381},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110383,102866],{},[20,110385,110386,110387,620],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110388,1524],{},[943,110390,30517,110392,110394],{"id":110391},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110393,102866],{}," raise?",[20,110396,30523,110397,110399],{},[15,110398,19919],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[943,110401,21651,110403,3122,110405,2053],{"id":110402},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110404,55748],{},[15,110406,102852],{},[20,110408,1806,110409,110411,110412,110414],{},[15,110410,55748],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110413,102852],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[943,110416,2025,110418,110420],{"id":110417},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110419,102866],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110422,110423],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[43,110425,2135],{"id":2134},[30,110427,110428,110434,110440,110444,110448],{},[33,110429,110430],{},[614,110431,96812,110432,10968],{"href":108455},[15,110433,102852],{},[33,110435,110436],{},[614,110437,96812,110438,10968],{"href":98212},[15,110439,12992],{},[33,110441,110442],{},[614,110443,97336],{"href":97881},[33,110445,110446],{},[614,110447,100342],{"href":99075},[33,110449,110450],{},[614,110451,11489],{"href":11302},[2172,110453,110454],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":110456},[110457,110458,110460,110461,110462,110463,110468,110476,110486],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":109458,"depth":98,"text":110459},"What set.remove() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":109709,"depth":98,"text":109710},{"id":109814,"depth":98,"text":110464,"children":110465},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110466,110467],{"id":35024,"depth":120,"text":55748},{"id":102919,"depth":120,"text":102852},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":110469},[110470,110472,110473,110475],{"id":110051,"depth":120,"text":110471},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110212,"depth":120,"text":110213},{"id":110349,"depth":120,"text":110474},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110370,"depth":120,"text":110371},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":110477},[110478,110480,110482,110484],{"id":110381,"depth":120,"text":110479},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110391,"depth":120,"text":110481},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110402,"depth":120,"text":110483},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110417,"depth":120,"text":110485},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109332,"description":110487},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110494,"title":110495,"body":110496,"description":111869,"extension":2219,"meta":111870,"navigation":123,"path":111871,"seo":111872,"stem":111873,"__hash__":111874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110497,"toc":111844},[110498,110504,110510,110513,110516,110530,110532,110613,110616,110621,110625,110639,110646,110648,110667,110670,110688,110690,110770,110772,110797,110801,110804,110812,110817,110822,110824,110837,110842,110845,110869,110872,110880,110882,110885,110982,110984,111017,111019,111045,111052,111055,111059,111067,111071,111079,111081,111171,111173,111187,111194,111199,111204,111206,111297,111299,111311,111313,111327,111333,111341,111343,111425,111427,111472,111475,111483,111486,111488,111492,111535,111537,111557,111562,111564,111649,111651,111656,111658,111665,111673,111679,111682,111684,111770,111772,111796,111800,111803,111805,111832,111842],[10,110499,96198,110501,11549],{"id":110500},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110502,110503],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110505,110506,110509],{},[15,110507,110508],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110511,110512],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110514,110515],{},"Use it when:",[30,110517,110518,110521,110527],{},[33,110519,110520],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[33,110522,110523,110524,110526],{},"you do ",[1399,110525,1401],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[33,110528,110529],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[43,110531,3850],{"id":3849},[48,110533,110535],{"className":50,"code":110534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110536,110537,110557,110577,110581,110600],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110538,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110540,686],{"class":63},[57,110542,68],{"class":67},[57,110544,10718],{"class":71},[57,110546,3231],{"class":75},[57,110548,79],{"class":71},[57,110550,87],{"class":75},[57,110552,79],{"class":71},[57,110554,1793],{"class":75},[57,110556,9536],{"class":71},[57,110558,110559,110561,110563,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573,110575],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,110560,696],{"class":63},[57,110562,68],{"class":67},[57,110564,10718],{"class":71},[57,110566,76],{"class":75},[57,110568,79],{"class":71},[57,110570,2706],{"class":75},[57,110572,79],{"class":71},[57,110574,92],{"class":75},[57,110576,9536],{"class":71},[57,110578,110579],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,110580,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,110582,110583,110585,110587,110589,110591,110594,110596,110598],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,110584,1336],{"class":63},[57,110586,68],{"class":67},[57,110588,57107],{"class":63},[57,110590,620],{"class":71},[57,110592,110593],{"class":113},"symmetric_difference",[57,110595,105],{"class":71},[57,110597,4993],{"class":113},[57,110599,316],{"class":71},[57,110601,110602,110604,110606,110608,110610],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,110603,102],{"class":101},[57,110605,105],{"class":71},[57,110607,1368],{"class":113},[57,110609,1959],{"class":71},[57,110611,110612],{"class":3903},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110614,110615],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[43,110617,262,110619,265],{"id":110618},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110620,110503],{},[20,110622,110623,270],{},[15,110624,110508],{},[30,110626,110627,110630,110633,110636],{},[33,110628,110629],{},"returns a new set",[33,110631,110632],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[33,110634,110635],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[33,110637,110638],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110640,96322,110641,3122,110643,620],{},[614,110642,96326],{"href":96325},[614,110644,110645],{"href":96329},"creating a set in Python",[43,110647,294],{"id":293},[48,110649,110651],{"className":50,"code":110650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110652,110653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110654,110655,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110656,100583],{"class":63},[57,110658,620],{"class":71},[57,110660,110593],{"class":113},[57,110662,105],{"class":71},[57,110664,100592],{"class":113},[57,110666,316],{"class":71},[20,110668,110669],{},"Notes:",[30,110671,110672,110677,110682,110685],{},[33,110673,110674,110676],{},[15,110675,100583],{}," must be a set",[33,110678,110679,110681],{},[15,110680,100592],{}," can be any iterable",[33,110683,110684],{},"the result is always a set",[33,110686,110687],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110689,864],{},[48,110691,110693],{"className":50,"code":110692,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110694,110695,110716,110737,110741,110760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110696,110697,110700,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110698,110699],{"class":63},"set1 ",[57,110701,68],{"class":67},[57,110703,10718],{"class":71},[57,110705,3231],{"class":75},[57,110707,79],{"class":71},[57,110709,87],{"class":75},[57,110711,79],{"class":71},[57,110713,1793],{"class":75},[57,110715,9536],{"class":71},[57,110717,110718,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,110719,110720],{"class":63},"set2 ",[57,110722,68],{"class":67},[57,110724,10718],{"class":71},[57,110726,76],{"class":75},[57,110728,79],{"class":71},[57,110730,2706],{"class":75},[57,110732,79],{"class":71},[57,110734,92],{"class":75},[57,110736,9536],{"class":71},[57,110738,110739],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,110740,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,110742,110743,110745,110747,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,110744,1336],{"class":63},[57,110746,68],{"class":67},[57,110748,110749],{"class":63}," set1",[57,110751,620],{"class":71},[57,110753,110593],{"class":113},[57,110755,105],{"class":71},[57,110757,100592],{"class":113},[57,110759,316],{"class":71},[57,110761,110762,110764,110766,110768],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,110763,102],{"class":101},[57,110765,105],{"class":71},[57,110767,1368],{"class":113},[57,110769,316],{"class":71},[20,110771,216],{},[48,110773,110775],{"className":50,"code":110774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110776,110777],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110778,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787,110789,110791,110793,110795],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110780,9505],{"class":71},[57,110782,3231],{"class":75},[57,110784,79],{"class":71},[57,110786,87],{"class":75},[57,110788,79],{"class":71},[57,110790,2706],{"class":75},[57,110792,79],{"class":71},[57,110794,92],{"class":75},[57,110796,9536],{"class":71},[43,110798,110800],{"id":110799},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110802,110803],{},"The result includes:",[30,110805,110806,110809],{},[33,110807,110808],{},"items only in the first set",[33,110810,110811],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110813,110814,110815,11311],{},"The result does ",[1399,110816,1401],{},[30,110818,110819],{},[33,110820,110821],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110823,5703],{},[30,110825,110826,110831],{},[33,110827,110828,110829],{},"first set: ",[15,110830,100280],{},[33,110832,110833,110834],{},"second set: ",[15,110835,110836],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110838,4284,110839,110841],{},[15,110840,76],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110843,110844],{},"The output is:",[48,110846,110847],{"className":50,"code":110774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,110848,110849],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110850,110851,110853,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110852,9505],{"class":71},[57,110854,3231],{"class":75},[57,110856,79],{"class":71},[57,110858,87],{"class":75},[57,110860,79],{"class":71},[57,110862,2706],{"class":75},[57,110864,79],{"class":71},[57,110866,92],{"class":75},[57,110868,9536],{"class":71},[20,110870,110871],{},"Also remember:",[30,110873,110874,110877],{},[33,110875,110876],{},"sets are unordered",[33,110878,110879],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[43,110881,11703],{"id":11702},[20,110883,110884],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[48,110886,110888],{"className":50,"code":110887,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110889,110890,110922,110946,110950,110968,110972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110891,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110893,107023],{"class":63},[57,110895,68],{"class":67},[57,110897,10718],{"class":71},[57,110899,170],{"class":169},[57,110901,13323],{"class":173},[57,110903,170],{"class":169},[57,110905,79],{"class":71},[57,110907,181],{"class":169},[57,110909,13340],{"class":173},[57,110911,170],{"class":169},[57,110913,79],{"class":71},[57,110915,181],{"class":169},[57,110917,17686],{"class":173},[57,110919,170],{"class":169},[57,110921,9536],{"class":71},[57,110923,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940,110942,110944],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,110925,107056],{"class":63},[57,110927,68],{"class":67},[57,110929,10718],{"class":71},[57,110931,170],{"class":169},[57,110933,17686],{"class":173},[57,110935,170],{"class":169},[57,110937,79],{"class":71},[57,110939,181],{"class":169},[57,110941,22754],{"class":173},[57,110943,170],{"class":169},[57,110945,9536],{"class":71},[57,110947,110948],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,110949,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,110951,110952,110954,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,110953,1336],{"class":63},[57,110955,68],{"class":67},[57,110957,107098],{"class":63},[57,110959,620],{"class":71},[57,110961,110593],{"class":113},[57,110963,105],{"class":71},[57,110965,107107],{"class":113},[57,110967,316],{"class":71},[57,110969,110970],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,110971,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,110973,110974,110976,110978,110980],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,110975,102],{"class":101},[57,110977,105],{"class":71},[57,110979,1368],{"class":113},[57,110981,316],{"class":71},[20,110983,216],{},[48,110985,110987],{"className":50,"code":110986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110988,110989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,110990,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,110992,9505],{"class":71},[57,110994,3543],{"class":169},[57,110996,13323],{"class":173},[57,110998,3543],{"class":169},[57,111000,79],{"class":71},[57,111002,3538],{"class":169},[57,111004,13340],{"class":173},[57,111006,3543],{"class":169},[57,111008,79],{"class":71},[57,111010,3538],{"class":169},[57,111012,22754],{"class":173},[57,111014,3543],{"class":169},[57,111016,9536],{"class":71},[20,111018,13640],{},[30,111020,111021,111026,111037],{},[33,111022,111023,111025],{},[15,111024,96491],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[33,111027,111028,1242,111030,111033,111034,111036],{},[15,111029,65610],{},[15,111031,111032],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111035,107160],{},", so they stay",[33,111038,111039,111041,111042,111044],{},[15,111040,109799],{}," is only in ",[15,111043,107107],{},", so it stays",[43,111046,111048,1682,111050],{"id":111047},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111049,110503],{},[15,111051,100412],{},[20,111053,111054],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111056,111057,270],{},[15,111058,100412],{},[30,111060,111061,111064],{},[33,111062,111063],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[33,111065,111066],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111068,111069,270],{},[15,111070,110503],{},[30,111072,111073,111076],{},[33,111074,111075],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[33,111077,111078],{},"removes shared items",[20,111080,864],{},[48,111082,111084],{"className":50,"code":111083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111085,111086,111106,111126,111130,111151],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111087,111088,111090,111092,111094,111096,111098,111100,111102,111104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111089,686],{"class":63},[57,111091,68],{"class":67},[57,111093,10718],{"class":71},[57,111095,3231],{"class":75},[57,111097,79],{"class":71},[57,111099,87],{"class":75},[57,111101,79],{"class":71},[57,111103,1793],{"class":75},[57,111105,9536],{"class":71},[57,111107,111108,111110,111112,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,111109,696],{"class":63},[57,111111,68],{"class":67},[57,111113,10718],{"class":71},[57,111115,76],{"class":75},[57,111117,79],{"class":71},[57,111119,2706],{"class":75},[57,111121,79],{"class":71},[57,111123,92],{"class":75},[57,111125,9536],{"class":71},[57,111127,111128],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,111129,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,111131,111132,111134,111136,111138,111140,111142,111144,111146,111148],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,111133,102],{"class":101},[57,111135,105],{"class":71},[57,111137,614],{"class":113},[57,111139,620],{"class":71},[57,111141,3056],{"class":113},[57,111143,105],{"class":71},[57,111145,4993],{"class":113},[57,111147,5592],{"class":71},[57,111149,111150],{"class":3903},"            # {1, 2}\n",[57,111152,111153,111155,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,111154,102],{"class":101},[57,111156,105],{"class":71},[57,111158,614],{"class":113},[57,111160,620],{"class":71},[57,111162,110593],{"class":113},[57,111164,105],{"class":71},[57,111166,4993],{"class":113},[57,111168,5592],{"class":71},[57,111170,110612],{"class":3903},[20,111172,18926],{},[30,111174,111175,111182],{},[33,111176,111177,111181],{},[614,111178,111179],{"href":102838},[15,111180,100412],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[33,111183,111184,111186],{},[15,111185,110503],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[43,111188,111190,1682,111192],{"id":111189},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111191,110503],{},[15,111193,102797],{},[20,111195,111196,111198],{},[15,111197,102797],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111200,111201,111203],{},[15,111202,110503],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111205,864],{},[48,111207,111209],{"className":50,"code":111208,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111210,111211,111231,111251,111255,111277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111212,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227,111229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111214,686],{"class":63},[57,111216,68],{"class":67},[57,111218,10718],{"class":71},[57,111220,3231],{"class":75},[57,111222,79],{"class":71},[57,111224,87],{"class":75},[57,111226,79],{"class":71},[57,111228,1793],{"class":75},[57,111230,9536],{"class":71},[57,111232,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247,111249],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,111234,696],{"class":63},[57,111236,68],{"class":67},[57,111238,10718],{"class":71},[57,111240,76],{"class":75},[57,111242,79],{"class":71},[57,111244,2706],{"class":75},[57,111246,79],{"class":71},[57,111248,92],{"class":75},[57,111250,9536],{"class":71},[57,111252,111253],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,111254,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,111256,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111268,111270,111272,111274],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,111258,102],{"class":101},[57,111260,105],{"class":71},[57,111262,614],{"class":113},[57,111264,620],{"class":71},[57,111266,111267],{"class":113},"union",[57,111269,105],{"class":71},[57,111271,4993],{"class":113},[57,111273,5592],{"class":71},[57,111275,111276],{"class":3903},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[57,111278,111279,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,111280,102],{"class":101},[57,111282,105],{"class":71},[57,111284,614],{"class":113},[57,111286,620],{"class":71},[57,111288,110593],{"class":113},[57,111290,105],{"class":71},[57,111292,4993],{"class":113},[57,111294,5592],{"class":71},[57,111296,110612],{"class":3903},[20,111298,27451],{},[30,111300,111301,111306],{},[33,111302,111303,111305],{},[15,111304,102797],{}," includes everything",[33,111307,111308,111310],{},[15,111309,110503],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111312,18926],{},[30,111314,111315,111322],{},[33,111316,111317,111321],{},[614,111318,111319],{"href":107728},[15,111320,102797],{}," when overlap does not matter",[33,111323,111324,111326],{},[15,111325,110503],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[43,111328,929,111330,101596],{"id":111329},"using-the-operator",[15,111331,111332],{},"^",[20,111334,111335,111336,111338,111339,620],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111337,111332],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111340,110503],{},[20,111342,864],{},[48,111344,111346],{"className":50,"code":111345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111347,111348,111368,111388,111392,111410],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111349,111350,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111351,110699],{"class":63},[57,111353,68],{"class":67},[57,111355,10718],{"class":71},[57,111357,3231],{"class":75},[57,111359,79],{"class":71},[57,111361,87],{"class":75},[57,111363,79],{"class":71},[57,111365,1793],{"class":75},[57,111367,9536],{"class":71},[57,111369,111370,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,111371,110720],{"class":63},[57,111373,68],{"class":67},[57,111375,10718],{"class":71},[57,111377,76],{"class":75},[57,111379,79],{"class":71},[57,111381,2706],{"class":75},[57,111383,79],{"class":71},[57,111385,92],{"class":75},[57,111387,9536],{"class":71},[57,111389,111390],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,111391,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,111393,111394,111396,111398,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,111395,102],{"class":101},[57,111397,105],{"class":71},[57,111399,100583],{"class":113},[57,111401,620],{"class":71},[57,111403,110593],{"class":113},[57,111405,105],{"class":71},[57,111407,100592],{"class":113},[57,111409,117],{"class":71},[57,111411,111412,111414,111416,111418,111420,111423],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,111413,102],{"class":101},[57,111415,105],{"class":71},[57,111417,110699],{"class":113},[57,111419,111332],{"class":67},[57,111421,111422],{"class":113}," set2",[57,111424,316],{"class":71},[20,111426,30259],{},[48,111428,111430],{"className":50,"code":111429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111431,111432,111452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111433,111434,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444,111446,111448,111450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111435,9505],{"class":71},[57,111437,3231],{"class":75},[57,111439,79],{"class":71},[57,111441,87],{"class":75},[57,111443,79],{"class":71},[57,111445,2706],{"class":75},[57,111447,79],{"class":71},[57,111449,92],{"class":75},[57,111451,9536],{"class":71},[57,111453,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468,111470],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,111455,9505],{"class":71},[57,111457,3231],{"class":75},[57,111459,79],{"class":71},[57,111461,87],{"class":75},[57,111463,79],{"class":71},[57,111465,2706],{"class":75},[57,111467,79],{"class":71},[57,111469,92],{"class":75},[57,111471,9536],{"class":71},[20,111473,111474],{},"Both forms:",[30,111476,111477,111480],{},[33,111478,111479],{},"return a new set",[33,111481,111482],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111484,111485],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[43,111487,4751],{"id":4750},[20,111489,21442,111490,270],{},[15,111491,110503],{},[30,111493,111494,111502,111512,111527],{},[33,111495,111496,111499,111501],{},[1399,111497,111498],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10073,111500],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[33,111503,111504,111507,111509,111511],{},[1399,111505,111506],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10073,111508],{},[15,111510,110503],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[33,111513,111514,111519,111521,111523,111524,111526],{},[1399,111515,111516,111517],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111518,100412],{},[10073,111520],{},[15,111522,100412],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111525,110503],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[33,111528,111529,111532,111534],{},[1399,111530,111531],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10073,111533],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111536,59081],{},[30,111538,111539,111548,111551,111554],{},[33,111540,50712,111541,44855,111543,111547],{},[15,111542,110503],{},[614,111544,111545],{"href":107728},[15,111546,102797],{}," is actually needed",[33,111549,111550],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[33,111552,111553],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[33,111555,111556],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111558,111559,111560,620],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[614,111561,99076],{"href":105341},[20,111563,62513],{},[48,111565,111567],{"className":50,"code":111566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111568,111569,111579,111589,111607,111621,111635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111570,111571,111573,111575,111577],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111572,102],{"class":101},[57,111574,105],{"class":71},[57,111576,100583],{"class":113},[57,111578,316],{"class":71},[57,111580,111581,111583,111585,111587],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,111582,102],{"class":101},[57,111584,105],{"class":71},[57,111586,100592],{"class":113},[57,111588,316],{"class":71},[57,111590,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,111592,102],{"class":101},[57,111594,105],{"class":71},[57,111596,100583],{"class":113},[57,111598,620],{"class":71},[57,111600,110593],{"class":113},[57,111602,105],{"class":71},[57,111604,100592],{"class":113},[57,111606,117],{"class":71},[57,111608,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,111610,102],{"class":101},[57,111612,105],{"class":71},[57,111614,110699],{"class":113},[57,111616,111332],{"class":67},[57,111618,111422],{"class":113},[57,111620,316],{"class":71},[57,111622,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,111624,102],{"class":101},[57,111626,105],{"class":71},[57,111628,1886],{"class":1102},[57,111630,105],{"class":71},[57,111632,100583],{"class":113},[57,111634,117],{"class":71},[57,111636,111637,111639,111641,111643,111645,111647],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,111638,102],{"class":101},[57,111640,105],{"class":71},[57,111642,1886],{"class":1102},[57,111644,105],{"class":71},[57,111646,100592],{"class":113},[57,111648,117],{"class":71},[43,111650,2011],{"id":2010},[943,111652,12933,111654,102737],{"id":111653},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111655,110503],{},[20,111657,102740],{},[943,111659,2119,111661,1242,111663,2053],{"id":111660},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111662,110503],{},[15,111664,100412],{},[20,111666,111667,111669,111670,111672],{},[15,111668,100412],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111671,110503],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[943,111674,28559,111676,111678],{"id":111675},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111677,110503],{}," with lists?",[20,111680,111681],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111683,864],{},[48,111685,111687],{"className":50,"code":111686,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111688,111689,111709,111729,111733,111760],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111690,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111692,80860],{"class":63},[57,111694,68],{"class":67},[57,111696,72],{"class":71},[57,111698,3231],{"class":75},[57,111700,79],{"class":71},[57,111702,87],{"class":75},[57,111704,79],{"class":71},[57,111706,1793],{"class":75},[57,111708,95],{"class":71},[57,111710,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721,111723,111725,111727],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,111712,80881],{"class":63},[57,111714,68],{"class":67},[57,111716,72],{"class":71},[57,111718,76],{"class":75},[57,111720,79],{"class":71},[57,111722,2706],{"class":75},[57,111724,79],{"class":71},[57,111726,92],{"class":75},[57,111728,95],{"class":71},[57,111730,111731],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,111732,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,111734,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,111736,1336],{"class":63},[57,111738,68],{"class":67},[57,111740,15864],{"class":1102},[57,111742,105],{"class":71},[57,111744,111745],{"class":113},"list1",[57,111747,8859],{"class":71},[57,111749,110593],{"class":113},[57,111751,105],{"class":71},[57,111753,6517],{"class":1102},[57,111755,105],{"class":71},[57,111757,81147],{"class":113},[57,111759,117],{"class":71},[57,111761,111762,111764,111766,111768],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,111763,102],{"class":101},[57,111765,105],{"class":71},[57,111767,1368],{"class":113},[57,111769,316],{"class":71},[20,111771,216],{},[48,111773,111774],{"className":50,"code":110774,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,111775,111776],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111777,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111779,9505],{"class":71},[57,111781,3231],{"class":75},[57,111783,79],{"class":71},[57,111785,87],{"class":75},[57,111787,79],{"class":71},[57,111789,2706],{"class":75},[57,111791,79],{"class":71},[57,111793,92],{"class":75},[57,111795,9536],{"class":71},[943,111797,111799],{"id":111798},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111801,111802],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[43,111804,2135],{"id":2134},[30,111806,111807,111811,111816,111822,111828],{},[33,111808,111809],{},[614,111810,96326],{"href":96325},[33,111812,111813],{},[614,111814,111815],{"href":96329},"Creating a set in Python",[33,111817,111818],{},[614,111819,96812,111820,10968],{"href":102838},[15,111821,100412],{},[33,111823,111824],{},[614,111825,96812,111826,10968],{"href":107728},[15,111827,102797],{},[33,111829,111830],{},[614,111831,100342],{"href":105341},[20,111833,111834,111835,2441,111837,17302,111839,111841],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111836,100412],{},[15,111838,102797],{},[15,111840,110503],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2172,111843,57461],{},{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":111845},[111846,111847,111849,111850,111851,111852,111854,111856,111858,111859,111868],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":110618,"depth":98,"text":111848},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":110799,"depth":98,"text":110800},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":111047,"depth":98,"text":111853},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111189,"depth":98,"text":111855},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111329,"depth":98,"text":111857},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":111860},[111861,111863,111865,111867],{"id":111653,"depth":120,"text":111862},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111660,"depth":120,"text":111864},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111675,"depth":120,"text":111866},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111798,"depth":120,"text":111799},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110495,"description":111869},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111876,"title":111877,"body":111878,"description":113941,"extension":2219,"meta":113942,"navigation":123,"path":107728,"seo":113943,"stem":113944,"__hash__":113945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111879,"toc":113900},[111880,111885,111890,111893,111906,111908,111990,111995,112000,112004,112016,112019,112023,112025,112052,112054,112065,112068,112137,112139,112145,112148,112158,112160,112249,112254,112256,112263,112266,112268,112271,112391,112393,112462,112465,112482,112487,112490,112606,112608,112637,112640,112646,112651,112655,112736,112738,112766,112771,112775,112870,112872,112913,112917,112920,112987,112989,113030,113036,113051,113058,113065,113069,113075,113161,113165,113173,113244,113249,113256,113258,113264,113266,113331,113333,113349,113354,113357,113426,113430,113433,113492,113495,113499,113552,113565,113568,113621,113625,113627,113658,113661,113666,113719,113723,113726,113747,113759,113761,113814,113816,113821,113823,113829,113832,113838,113843,113847,113850,113858,113867,113869,113897],[10,111881,13,111883,11549],{"id":111882},"python-setunion-method",[15,111884,108041],{},[20,111886,111887,111889],{},[15,111888,108041],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111891,111892],{},"It is useful when you want:",[30,111894,111895,111898,111903],{},[33,111896,111897],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[33,111899,686,111900,111902],{},[1399,111901,100767],{}," as the result",[33,111904,111905],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[43,111907,46],{"id":45},[48,111909,111911],{"className":50,"code":111910,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111912,111913,111933,111953,111957,111975,111985],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,111914,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,111916,110699],{"class":63},[57,111918,68],{"class":67},[57,111920,10718],{"class":71},[57,111922,3231],{"class":75},[57,111924,79],{"class":71},[57,111926,87],{"class":75},[57,111928,79],{"class":71},[57,111930,1793],{"class":75},[57,111932,9536],{"class":71},[57,111934,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,111936,110720],{"class":63},[57,111938,68],{"class":67},[57,111940,10718],{"class":71},[57,111942,76],{"class":75},[57,111944,79],{"class":71},[57,111946,2706],{"class":75},[57,111948,79],{"class":71},[57,111950,92],{"class":75},[57,111952,9536],{"class":71},[57,111954,111955],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,111956,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,111958,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,111960,1336],{"class":63},[57,111962,68],{"class":67},[57,111964,110749],{"class":63},[57,111966,620],{"class":71},[57,111968,111267],{"class":113},[57,111970,105],{"class":71},[57,111972,100592],{"class":113},[57,111974,316],{"class":71},[57,111976,111977,111979,111981,111983],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,111978,102],{"class":101},[57,111980,105],{"class":71},[57,111982,1368],{"class":113},[57,111984,316],{"class":71},[57,111986,111987],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,111988,111989],{"class":3903},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111991,111992,111994],{},[15,111993,102797],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[43,111996,262,111998,265],{"id":111997},"what-setunion-does",[15,111999,108041],{},[20,112001,112002,270],{},[15,112003,108041],{},[30,112005,112006,112009,112012,112014],{},[33,112007,112008],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[33,112010,112011],{},"keeps only unique values",[33,112013,110629],{},[33,112015,110638],{},[20,112017,112018],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112020,96322,112021,620],{},[614,112022,96326],{"href":97497},[43,112024,294],{"id":293},[48,112026,112028],{"className":50,"code":112027,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112029,112030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112031,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112033,100583],{"class":63},[57,112035,620],{"class":71},[57,112037,111267],{"class":113},[57,112039,105],{"class":71},[57,112041,100592],{"class":113},[57,112043,79],{"class":71},[57,112045,100619],{"class":113},[57,112047,79],{"class":71},[57,112049,34684],{"class":101},[57,112051,316],{"class":71},[20,112053,13282],{},[30,112055,112056,112059,112062],{},[33,112057,112058],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[33,112060,112061],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[33,112063,112064],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112066,112067],{},"Example with two sets:",[48,112069,112071],{"className":50,"code":112070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112072,112073,112089,112105,112109,112127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112074,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112076,686],{"class":63},[57,112078,68],{"class":67},[57,112080,10718],{"class":71},[57,112082,3231],{"class":75},[57,112084,79],{"class":71},[57,112086,87],{"class":75},[57,112088,9536],{"class":71},[57,112090,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112092,696],{"class":63},[57,112094,68],{"class":67},[57,112096,10718],{"class":71},[57,112098,1788],{"class":75},[57,112100,79],{"class":71},[57,112102,1793],{"class":75},[57,112104,9536],{"class":71},[57,112106,112107],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,112108,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112110,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123,112125],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,112112,1336],{"class":63},[57,112114,68],{"class":67},[57,112116,57107],{"class":63},[57,112118,620],{"class":71},[57,112120,111267],{"class":113},[57,112122,105],{"class":71},[57,112124,4993],{"class":113},[57,112126,316],{"class":71},[57,112128,112129,112131,112133,112135],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,112130,102],{"class":101},[57,112132,105],{"class":71},[57,112134,1368],{"class":113},[57,112136,316],{"class":71},[43,112138,22200],{"id":22199},[20,112140,112141,100764,112143,620],{},[15,112142,108041],{},[1399,112144,100767],{},[20,112146,112147],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[30,112149,112150,112153],{},[33,112151,112152],{},"the original set",[33,112154,112155,112156],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112157,102797],{},[20,112159,864],{},[48,112161,112163],{"className":50,"code":112162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112164,112165,112181,112197,112201,112219,112223,112236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112166,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112168,686],{"class":63},[57,112170,68],{"class":67},[57,112172,10718],{"class":71},[57,112174,3231],{"class":75},[57,112176,79],{"class":71},[57,112178,87],{"class":75},[57,112180,9536],{"class":71},[57,112182,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112184,696],{"class":63},[57,112186,68],{"class":67},[57,112188,10718],{"class":71},[57,112190,1788],{"class":75},[57,112192,79],{"class":71},[57,112194,1793],{"class":75},[57,112196,9536],{"class":71},[57,112198,112199],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,112200,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112202,112203,112205,112207,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,112204,1336],{"class":63},[57,112206,68],{"class":67},[57,112208,57107],{"class":63},[57,112210,620],{"class":71},[57,112212,111267],{"class":113},[57,112214,105],{"class":71},[57,112216,4993],{"class":113},[57,112218,316],{"class":71},[57,112220,112221],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,112222,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112224,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,112226,102],{"class":101},[57,112228,105],{"class":71},[57,112230,1368],{"class":113},[57,112232,1959],{"class":71},[57,112234,112235],{"class":3903},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[57,112237,112238,112240,112242,112244,112246],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,112239,102],{"class":101},[57,112241,105],{"class":71},[57,112243,614],{"class":113},[57,112245,1959],{"class":71},[57,112247,112248],{"class":3903},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112250,2536,112251,112253],{},[15,112252,614],{}," did not change.",[20,112255,110871],{},[30,112257,112258,112260],{},[33,112259,110876],{},[33,112261,112262],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112264,112265],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[43,112267,11703],{"id":11702},[20,112269,112270],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[48,112272,112274],{"className":50,"code":112273,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112275,112276,112309,112342,112346,112366,112370,112380],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112277,112278,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112279,112280],{"class":63},"fruits1 ",[57,112282,68],{"class":67},[57,112284,10718],{"class":71},[57,112286,170],{"class":169},[57,112288,174],{"class":173},[57,112290,170],{"class":169},[57,112292,79],{"class":71},[57,112294,181],{"class":169},[57,112296,184],{"class":173},[57,112298,170],{"class":169},[57,112300,79],{"class":71},[57,112302,181],{"class":169},[57,112304,33451],{"class":173},[57,112306,170],{"class":169},[57,112308,9536],{"class":71},[57,112310,112311,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112312,112313],{"class":63},"fruits2 ",[57,112315,68],{"class":67},[57,112317,10718],{"class":71},[57,112319,170],{"class":169},[57,112321,184],{"class":173},[57,112323,170],{"class":169},[57,112325,79],{"class":71},[57,112327,181],{"class":169},[57,112329,22763],{"class":173},[57,112331,170],{"class":169},[57,112333,79],{"class":71},[57,112335,181],{"class":169},[57,112337,33451],{"class":173},[57,112339,170],{"class":169},[57,112341,9536],{"class":71},[57,112343,112344],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,112345,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112347,112348,112350,112352,112355,112357,112359,112361,112364],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,112349,1336],{"class":63},[57,112351,68],{"class":67},[57,112353,112354],{"class":63}," fruits1",[57,112356,620],{"class":71},[57,112358,111267],{"class":113},[57,112360,105],{"class":71},[57,112362,112363],{"class":113},"fruits2",[57,112365,316],{"class":71},[57,112367,112368],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,112369,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112371,112372,112374,112376,112378],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,112373,102],{"class":101},[57,112375,105],{"class":71},[57,112377,1368],{"class":113},[57,112379,316],{"class":71},[57,112381,112382,112384,112386,112389],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,112383,102],{"class":101},[57,112385,105],{"class":71},[57,112387,112388],{"class":113},"fruits1",[57,112390,316],{"class":71},[20,112392,30259],{},[48,112394,112396],{"className":50,"code":112395,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112397,112398,112434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112399,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112401,9505],{"class":71},[57,112403,3543],{"class":169},[57,112405,184],{"class":173},[57,112407,3543],{"class":169},[57,112409,79],{"class":71},[57,112411,3538],{"class":169},[57,112413,33451],{"class":173},[57,112415,3543],{"class":169},[57,112417,79],{"class":71},[57,112419,3538],{"class":169},[57,112421,174],{"class":173},[57,112423,3543],{"class":169},[57,112425,79],{"class":71},[57,112427,3538],{"class":169},[57,112429,22763],{"class":173},[57,112431,3543],{"class":169},[57,112433,9536],{"class":71},[57,112435,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448,112450,112452,112454,112456,112458,112460],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112437,9505],{"class":71},[57,112439,3543],{"class":169},[57,112441,184],{"class":173},[57,112443,3543],{"class":169},[57,112445,79],{"class":71},[57,112447,3538],{"class":169},[57,112449,33451],{"class":173},[57,112451,3543],{"class":169},[57,112453,79],{"class":71},[57,112455,3538],{"class":169},[57,112457,174],{"class":173},[57,112459,3543],{"class":169},[57,112461,9536],{"class":71},[20,112463,112464],{},"What this shows:",[30,112466,112467,112474,112477],{},[33,112468,112469,1242,112471,112473],{},[15,112470,854],{},[15,112472,65919],{}," appear in both sets",[33,112475,112476],{},"they appear only once in the result",[33,112478,112479,112481],{},[15,112480,112388],{}," stays unchanged",[43,112483,443,112485,101156],{"id":112484},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112486,102797],{},[20,112488,112489],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[48,112491,112493],{"className":50,"code":112492,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112494,112495,112511,112527,112544,112561,112565,112592,112596],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112496,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112498,110699],{"class":63},[57,112500,68],{"class":67},[57,112502,10718],{"class":71},[57,112504,3231],{"class":75},[57,112506,79],{"class":71},[57,112508,87],{"class":75},[57,112510,9536],{"class":71},[57,112512,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112514,110720],{"class":63},[57,112516,68],{"class":67},[57,112518,10718],{"class":71},[57,112520,1788],{"class":75},[57,112522,79],{"class":71},[57,112524,1793],{"class":75},[57,112526,9536],{"class":71},[57,112528,112529,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,112530,112531],{"class":63},"set3 ",[57,112533,68],{"class":67},[57,112535,10718],{"class":71},[57,112537,76],{"class":75},[57,112539,79],{"class":71},[57,112541,2706],{"class":75},[57,112543,9536],{"class":71},[57,112545,112546,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,112547,112548],{"class":63},"set4 ",[57,112550,68],{"class":67},[57,112552,10718],{"class":71},[57,112554,647],{"class":75},[57,112556,79],{"class":71},[57,112558,92],{"class":75},[57,112560,9536],{"class":71},[57,112562,112563],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,112564,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112566,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583,112585,112587,112590],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,112568,1336],{"class":63},[57,112570,68],{"class":67},[57,112572,110749],{"class":63},[57,112574,620],{"class":71},[57,112576,111267],{"class":113},[57,112578,105],{"class":71},[57,112580,100592],{"class":113},[57,112582,79],{"class":71},[57,112584,100619],{"class":113},[57,112586,79],{"class":71},[57,112588,112589],{"class":113}," set4",[57,112591,316],{"class":71},[57,112593,112594],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,112595,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112597,112598,112600,112602,112604],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,112599,102],{"class":101},[57,112601,105],{"class":71},[57,112603,1368],{"class":113},[57,112605,316],{"class":71},[20,112607,30259],{},[48,112609,112611],{"className":50,"code":112610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112612,112613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112614,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112616,9505],{"class":71},[57,112618,3231],{"class":75},[57,112620,79],{"class":71},[57,112622,87],{"class":75},[57,112624,79],{"class":71},[57,112626,1793],{"class":75},[57,112628,79],{"class":71},[57,112630,2706],{"class":75},[57,112632,79],{"class":71},[57,112634,92],{"class":75},[57,112636,9536],{"class":71},[20,112638,112639],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[43,112641,443,112643,112645],{"id":112642},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112644,102797],{}," with other iterables",[20,112647,112648,112650],{},[15,112649,102797],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[943,112652,112654],{"id":112653},"with-a-list","With a list",[48,112656,112658],{"className":50,"code":112657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112659,112660,112680,112704,112708,112726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112661,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112663,64],{"class":63},[57,112665,68],{"class":67},[57,112667,10718],{"class":71},[57,112669,3231],{"class":75},[57,112671,79],{"class":71},[57,112673,87],{"class":75},[57,112675,79],{"class":71},[57,112677,1793],{"class":75},[57,112679,9536],{"class":71},[57,112681,112682,112684,112686,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112683,61265],{"class":63},[57,112685,68],{"class":67},[57,112687,72],{"class":71},[57,112689,76],{"class":75},[57,112691,79],{"class":71},[57,112693,2706],{"class":75},[57,112695,79],{"class":71},[57,112697,92],{"class":75},[57,112699,79],{"class":71},[57,112701,92],{"class":75},[57,112703,95],{"class":71},[57,112705,112706],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,112707,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112709,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722,112724],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,112711,1336],{"class":63},[57,112713,68],{"class":67},[57,112715,4495],{"class":63},[57,112717,620],{"class":71},[57,112719,111267],{"class":113},[57,112721,105],{"class":71},[57,112723,61294],{"class":113},[57,112725,316],{"class":71},[57,112727,112728,112730,112732,112734],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,112729,102],{"class":101},[57,112731,105],{"class":71},[57,112733,1368],{"class":113},[57,112735,316],{"class":71},[20,112737,30259],{},[48,112739,112740],{"className":50,"code":112610,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,112741,112742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112743,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760,112762,112764],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112745,9505],{"class":71},[57,112747,3231],{"class":75},[57,112749,79],{"class":71},[57,112751,87],{"class":75},[57,112753,79],{"class":71},[57,112755,1793],{"class":75},[57,112757,79],{"class":71},[57,112759,2706],{"class":75},[57,112761,79],{"class":71},[57,112763,92],{"class":75},[57,112765,9536],{"class":71},[20,112767,21208,112768,112770],{},[15,112769,2389],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[943,112772,112774],{"id":112773},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[48,112776,112778],{"className":50,"code":112777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112779,112780,112804,112837,112841,112860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112781,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112783,36322],{"class":63},[57,112785,68],{"class":67},[57,112787,10718],{"class":71},[57,112789,170],{"class":169},[57,112791,614],{"class":173},[57,112793,170],{"class":169},[57,112795,79],{"class":71},[57,112797,181],{"class":169},[57,112799,4993],{"class":173},[57,112801,170],{"class":169},[57,112803,9536],{"class":71},[57,112805,112806,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112807,112808],{"class":63},"more_letters ",[57,112810,68],{"class":67},[57,112812,9463],{"class":71},[57,112814,170],{"class":169},[57,112816,4993],{"class":173},[57,112818,170],{"class":169},[57,112820,79],{"class":71},[57,112822,181],{"class":169},[57,112824,9966],{"class":173},[57,112826,170],{"class":169},[57,112828,79],{"class":71},[57,112830,181],{"class":169},[57,112832,18999],{"class":173},[57,112834,170],{"class":169},[57,112836,316],{"class":71},[57,112838,112839],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,112840,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112842,112843,112845,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855,112858],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,112844,1336],{"class":63},[57,112846,68],{"class":67},[57,112848,70310],{"class":63},[57,112850,620],{"class":71},[57,112852,111267],{"class":113},[57,112854,105],{"class":71},[57,112856,112857],{"class":113},"more_letters",[57,112859,316],{"class":71},[57,112861,112862,112864,112866,112868],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,112863,102],{"class":101},[57,112865,105],{"class":71},[57,112867,1368],{"class":113},[57,112869,316],{"class":71},[20,112871,30259],{},[48,112873,112875],{"className":50,"code":112874,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112876,112877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112878,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112880,9505],{"class":71},[57,112882,3543],{"class":169},[57,112884,614],{"class":173},[57,112886,3543],{"class":169},[57,112888,79],{"class":71},[57,112890,3538],{"class":169},[57,112892,4993],{"class":173},[57,112894,3543],{"class":169},[57,112896,79],{"class":71},[57,112898,3538],{"class":169},[57,112900,9966],{"class":173},[57,112902,3543],{"class":169},[57,112904,79],{"class":71},[57,112906,3538],{"class":169},[57,112908,18999],{"class":173},[57,112910,3543],{"class":169},[57,112912,9536],{"class":71},[943,112914,112916],{"id":112915},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112918,112919],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[48,112921,112923],{"className":50,"code":112922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112924,112925,112950,112973,112977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112926,112927,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112928,112929],{"class":63},"chars ",[57,112931,68],{"class":67},[57,112933,10718],{"class":71},[57,112935,170],{"class":169},[57,112937,614],{"class":173},[57,112939,170],{"class":169},[57,112941,79],{"class":71},[57,112943,181],{"class":169},[57,112945,4993],{"class":173},[57,112947,170],{"class":169},[57,112949,9536],{"class":71},[57,112951,112952,112954,112956,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,112953,1336],{"class":63},[57,112955,68],{"class":67},[57,112957,112958],{"class":63}," chars",[57,112960,620],{"class":71},[57,112962,111267],{"class":113},[57,112964,105],{"class":71},[57,112966,170],{"class":169},[57,112968,964],{"class":173},[57,112970,170],{"class":169},[57,112972,316],{"class":71},[57,112974,112975],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,112976,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,112978,112979,112981,112983,112985],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,112980,102],{"class":101},[57,112982,105],{"class":71},[57,112984,1368],{"class":113},[57,112986,316],{"class":71},[20,112988,30259],{},[48,112990,112992],{"className":50,"code":112991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112993,112994],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,112995,112996,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,112997,9505],{"class":71},[57,112999,3543],{"class":169},[57,113001,614],{"class":173},[57,113003,3543],{"class":169},[57,113005,79],{"class":71},[57,113007,3538],{"class":169},[57,113009,4993],{"class":173},[57,113011,3543],{"class":169},[57,113013,79],{"class":71},[57,113015,3538],{"class":169},[57,113017,9966],{"class":173},[57,113019,3543],{"class":169},[57,113021,79],{"class":71},[57,113023,3538],{"class":169},[57,113025,63505],{"class":173},[57,113027,3543],{"class":169},[57,113029,9536],{"class":71},[20,113031,22419,113032,113035],{},[15,113033,113034],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[30,113037,113038,113042,113046],{},[33,113039,113040],{},[15,113041,66698],{},[33,113043,113044],{},[15,113045,18327],{},[33,113047,113048],{},[15,113049,113050],{},"\"t\"",[43,113052,113054,1682,113056],{"id":113053},"union-vs-update",[15,113055,102797],{},[15,113057,15184],{},[20,113059,113060,1242,113062,113064],{},[15,113061,102797],{},[15,113063,15184],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[943,113066,113067],{"id":111267},[15,113068,102797],{},[30,113070,113071,113073],{},[33,113072,110629],{},[33,113074,110638],{},[48,113076,113077],{"className":50,"code":112162,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,113078,113079,113095,113111,113115,113133,113137,113149],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113080,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113082,686],{"class":63},[57,113084,68],{"class":67},[57,113086,10718],{"class":71},[57,113088,3231],{"class":75},[57,113090,79],{"class":71},[57,113092,87],{"class":75},[57,113094,9536],{"class":71},[57,113096,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113098,696],{"class":63},[57,113100,68],{"class":67},[57,113102,10718],{"class":71},[57,113104,1788],{"class":75},[57,113106,79],{"class":71},[57,113108,1793],{"class":75},[57,113110,9536],{"class":71},[57,113112,113113],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113114,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,113116,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,113118,1336],{"class":63},[57,113120,68],{"class":67},[57,113122,57107],{"class":63},[57,113124,620],{"class":71},[57,113126,111267],{"class":113},[57,113128,105],{"class":71},[57,113130,4993],{"class":113},[57,113132,316],{"class":71},[57,113134,113135],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,113136,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,113138,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,113140,102],{"class":101},[57,113142,105],{"class":71},[57,113144,1368],{"class":113},[57,113146,1959],{"class":71},[57,113148,112235],{"class":3903},[57,113150,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,113152,102],{"class":101},[57,113154,105],{"class":71},[57,113156,614],{"class":113},[57,113158,1959],{"class":71},[57,113160,112248],{"class":3903},[943,113162,113163],{"id":30694},[15,113164,15184],{},[30,113166,113167,113170],{},[33,113168,113169],{},"changes the existing set in place",[33,113171,113172],{},"does not create a separate result set",[48,113174,113176],{"className":50,"code":113175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113177,113178,113194,113210,113214,113228,113232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113179,113180,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113181,686],{"class":63},[57,113183,68],{"class":67},[57,113185,10718],{"class":71},[57,113187,3231],{"class":75},[57,113189,79],{"class":71},[57,113191,87],{"class":75},[57,113193,9536],{"class":71},[57,113195,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204,113206,113208],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113197,696],{"class":63},[57,113199,68],{"class":67},[57,113201,10718],{"class":71},[57,113203,1788],{"class":75},[57,113205,79],{"class":71},[57,113207,1793],{"class":75},[57,113209,9536],{"class":71},[57,113211,113212],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113213,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,113215,113216,113218,113220,113222,113224,113226],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,113217,614],{"class":63},[57,113219,620],{"class":71},[57,113221,30694],{"class":113},[57,113223,105],{"class":71},[57,113225,4993],{"class":113},[57,113227,316],{"class":71},[57,113229,113230],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,113231,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,113233,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,113235,102],{"class":101},[57,113237,105],{"class":71},[57,113239,614],{"class":113},[57,113241,1959],{"class":71},[57,113243,112235],{"class":3903},[20,113245,1806,113246,113248],{},[15,113247,102797],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113250,113251,113252,620],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[614,113253,13,113254,10968],{"href":98517},[15,113255,97312],{},[43,113257,4751],{"id":4750},[943,113259,1848,113261,113263],{"id":113260},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113262,102797],{}," to change the original set",[20,113265,82029],{},[48,113267,113269],{"className":50,"code":113268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113270,113271,113287,113303,113307,113321],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113272,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281,113283,113285],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113274,686],{"class":63},[57,113276,68],{"class":67},[57,113278,10718],{"class":71},[57,113280,3231],{"class":75},[57,113282,79],{"class":71},[57,113284,87],{"class":75},[57,113286,9536],{"class":71},[57,113288,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113290,696],{"class":63},[57,113292,68],{"class":67},[57,113294,10718],{"class":71},[57,113296,1788],{"class":75},[57,113298,79],{"class":71},[57,113300,1793],{"class":75},[57,113302,9536],{"class":71},[57,113304,113305],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113306,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,113308,113309,113311,113313,113315,113317,113319],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,113310,614],{"class":63},[57,113312,620],{"class":71},[57,113314,111267],{"class":113},[57,113316,105],{"class":71},[57,113318,4993],{"class":113},[57,113320,316],{"class":71},[57,113322,113323,113325,113327,113329],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,113324,102],{"class":101},[57,113326,105],{"class":71},[57,113328,614],{"class":113},[57,113330,316],{"class":71},[20,113332,216],{},[48,113334,113335],{"className":50,"code":100505,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,113336,113337],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113338,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113340,9505],{"class":71},[57,113342,3231],{"class":75},[57,113344,79],{"class":71},[57,113346,87],{"class":75},[57,113348,9536],{"class":71},[20,113350,8723,113351,113353],{},[15,113352,102797],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113355,113356],{},"Fix it like this:",[48,113358,113360],{"className":50,"code":113359,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113361,113362,113378,113394,113398,113416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113363,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374,113376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113365,686],{"class":63},[57,113367,68],{"class":67},[57,113369,10718],{"class":71},[57,113371,3231],{"class":75},[57,113373,79],{"class":71},[57,113375,87],{"class":75},[57,113377,9536],{"class":71},[57,113379,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113381,696],{"class":63},[57,113383,68],{"class":67},[57,113385,10718],{"class":71},[57,113387,1788],{"class":75},[57,113389,79],{"class":71},[57,113391,1793],{"class":75},[57,113393,9536],{"class":71},[57,113395,113396],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113397,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,113399,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,113401,686],{"class":63},[57,113403,68],{"class":67},[57,113405,57107],{"class":63},[57,113407,620],{"class":71},[57,113409,111267],{"class":113},[57,113411,105],{"class":71},[57,113413,4993],{"class":113},[57,113415,316],{"class":71},[57,113417,113418,113420,113422,113424],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,113419,102],{"class":101},[57,113421,105],{"class":71},[57,113423,614],{"class":113},[57,113425,316],{"class":71},[943,113427,113429],{"id":113428},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113431,113432],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[48,113434,113436],{"className":50,"code":113435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113437,113438,113454,113470,113474],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113439,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113441,686],{"class":63},[57,113443,68],{"class":67},[57,113445,10718],{"class":71},[57,113447,76],{"class":75},[57,113449,79],{"class":71},[57,113451,5729],{"class":75},[57,113453,9536],{"class":71},[57,113455,113456,113458,113460,113462,113464,113466,113468],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113457,696],{"class":63},[57,113459,68],{"class":67},[57,113461,10718],{"class":71},[57,113463,1788],{"class":75},[57,113465,79],{"class":71},[57,113467,2706],{"class":75},[57,113469,9536],{"class":71},[57,113471,113472],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113473,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,113475,113476,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,113477,102],{"class":101},[57,113479,105],{"class":71},[57,113481,614],{"class":113},[57,113483,620],{"class":71},[57,113485,111267],{"class":113},[57,113487,105],{"class":71},[57,113489,4993],{"class":113},[57,113491,117],{"class":71},[20,113493,113494],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[943,113496,113498],{"id":113497},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[48,113500,113502],{"className":50,"code":113501,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113503,113504,113520,113542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113505,113506,113508,113510,113512,113514,113516,113518],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113507,162],{"class":63},[57,113509,68],{"class":67},[57,113511,10718],{"class":71},[57,113513,170],{"class":169},[57,113515,982],{"class":173},[57,113517,170],{"class":169},[57,113519,9536],{"class":71},[57,113521,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534,113536,113538,113540],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113523,1336],{"class":63},[57,113525,68],{"class":67},[57,113527,6398],{"class":63},[57,113529,620],{"class":71},[57,113531,111267],{"class":113},[57,113533,105],{"class":71},[57,113535,170],{"class":169},[57,113537,964],{"class":173},[57,113539,170],{"class":169},[57,113541,316],{"class":71},[57,113543,113544,113546,113548,113550],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113545,102],{"class":101},[57,113547,105],{"class":71},[57,113549,1368],{"class":113},[57,113551,316],{"class":71},[20,113553,113554,113555,2441,113557,17302,113559,113561,113562,113564],{},"This adds ",[15,113556,66698],{},[15,113558,18327],{},[15,113560,113050],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113563,113034],{}," as one item.",[20,113566,113567],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[48,113569,113571],{"className":50,"code":113570,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113572,113573,113589,113611],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113574,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113576,162],{"class":63},[57,113578,68],{"class":67},[57,113580,10718],{"class":71},[57,113582,170],{"class":169},[57,113584,982],{"class":173},[57,113586,170],{"class":169},[57,113588,9536],{"class":71},[57,113590,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113592,1336],{"class":63},[57,113594,68],{"class":67},[57,113596,6398],{"class":63},[57,113598,620],{"class":71},[57,113600,111267],{"class":113},[57,113602,1949],{"class":71},[57,113604,170],{"class":169},[57,113606,964],{"class":173},[57,113608,170],{"class":169},[57,113610,1975],{"class":71},[57,113612,113613,113615,113617,113619],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113614,102],{"class":101},[57,113616,105],{"class":71},[57,113618,1368],{"class":113},[57,113620,316],{"class":71},[943,113622,113624],{"id":113623},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113626,3080],{},[48,113628,113630],{"className":50,"code":113629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113631,113632],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113633,113634,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648,113650,113652,113654,113656],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113635,15859],{"class":63},[57,113637,68],{"class":67},[57,113639,10718],{"class":71},[57,113641,3231],{"class":75},[57,113643,79],{"class":71},[57,113645,87],{"class":75},[57,113647,79],{"class":71},[57,113649,72],{"class":71},[57,113651,76],{"class":75},[57,113653,79],{"class":71},[57,113655,2706],{"class":75},[57,113657,13936],{"class":71},[20,113659,113660],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113662,113663,113664,270],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113665,102797],{},[48,113667,113669],{"className":50,"code":113668,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113670,113671,113687,113709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113672,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113674,15859],{"class":63},[57,113676,68],{"class":67},[57,113678,10718],{"class":71},[57,113680,3231],{"class":75},[57,113682,79],{"class":71},[57,113684,87],{"class":75},[57,113686,9536],{"class":71},[57,113688,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705,113707],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113690,1336],{"class":63},[57,113692,68],{"class":67},[57,113694,96922],{"class":63},[57,113696,620],{"class":71},[57,113698,111267],{"class":113},[57,113700,1949],{"class":71},[57,113702,76],{"class":75},[57,113704,79],{"class":71},[57,113706,2706],{"class":75},[57,113708,1975],{"class":71},[57,113710,113711,113713,113715,113717],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113712,102],{"class":101},[57,113714,105],{"class":71},[57,113716,1368],{"class":113},[57,113718,316],{"class":71},[43,113720,113722],{"id":113721},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113724,113725],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[30,113727,113728,113734,113741,113744],{},[33,113729,113730,113731,113733],{},"call ",[15,113732,102797],{}," without saving the returned set",[33,113735,113736,113737,8932,113739],{},"confuse ",[15,113738,102797],{},[15,113740,15184],{},[33,113742,113743],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[33,113745,113746],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113748,113749,113750,1242,113754,620],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[614,113751,13,113752,10968],{"href":102786},[15,113753,106571],{},[614,113755,13,113757,10968],{"href":113756},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113758,100417],{},[20,113760,62513],{},[48,113762,113764],{"className":50,"code":113763,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113765,113766,113776,113790,113800],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113767,113768,113770,113772,113774],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113769,102],{"class":101},[57,113771,105],{"class":71},[57,113773,15897],{"class":113},[57,113775,316],{"class":71},[57,113777,113778,113780,113782,113784,113786,113788],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113779,102],{"class":101},[57,113781,105],{"class":71},[57,113783,1886],{"class":1102},[57,113785,105],{"class":71},[57,113787,15897],{"class":113},[57,113789,117],{"class":71},[57,113791,113792,113794,113796,113798],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,113793,102],{"class":101},[57,113795,105],{"class":71},[57,113797,1368],{"class":113},[57,113799,316],{"class":71},[57,113801,113802,113804,113806,113808,113810,113812],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,113803,32382],{"class":101},[57,113805,105],{"class":71},[57,113807,6517],{"class":1102},[57,113809,620],{"class":71},[57,113811,111267],{"class":1108},[57,113813,316],{"class":71},[43,113815,2011],{"id":2010},[943,113817,12933,113819,102737],{"id":113818},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113820,108041],{},[20,113822,102740],{},[943,113824,2025,113826,113828],{"id":113825},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113827,102797],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113830,113831],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[943,113833,28559,113835,113837],{"id":113834},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113836,102797],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113839,42379,113840,113842],{},[15,113841,102797],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[943,113844,113846],{"id":113845},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113848,113849],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[943,113851,2119,113853,1242,113855,2053],{"id":113852},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113854,102797],{},[15,113856,113857],{},"|",[20,113859,113860,113861,113863,113864,113866],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113862,113857],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113865,102797],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[43,113868,2135],{"id":2134},[30,113870,113871,113875,113881,113887,113893],{},[33,113872,113873],{},[614,113874,96326],{"href":97497},[33,113876,113877],{},[614,113878,13,113879,10968],{"href":98517},[15,113880,97312],{},[33,113882,113883],{},[614,113884,13,113885,10968],{"href":102786},[15,113886,106571],{},[33,113888,113889],{},[614,113890,13,113891,10968],{"href":113756},[15,113892,100417],{},[33,113894,113895],{},[614,113896,100342],{"href":99075},[2172,113898,113899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":113901},[113902,113903,113905,113906,113907,113908,113910,113916,113921,113928,113929,113940],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":111997,"depth":98,"text":113904},"What set.union() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":22199,"depth":98,"text":22200},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":112484,"depth":98,"text":113909},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112642,"depth":98,"text":113911,"children":113912},"Using union() with other iterables",[113913,113914,113915],{"id":112653,"depth":120,"text":112654},{"id":112773,"depth":120,"text":112774},{"id":112915,"depth":120,"text":112916},{"id":113053,"depth":98,"text":113917,"children":113918},"union() vs update()",[113919,113920],{"id":111267,"depth":120,"text":102797},{"id":30694,"depth":120,"text":15184},{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":113922},[113923,113925,113926,113927],{"id":113260,"depth":120,"text":113924},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113428,"depth":120,"text":113429},{"id":113497,"depth":120,"text":113498},{"id":113623,"depth":120,"text":113624},{"id":113721,"depth":98,"text":113722},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":113930},[113931,113933,113935,113937,113938],{"id":113818,"depth":120,"text":113932},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113825,"depth":120,"text":113934},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113834,"depth":120,"text":113936},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113845,"depth":120,"text":113846},{"id":113852,"depth":120,"text":113939},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111877,"description":113941},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113947,"title":113948,"body":113949,"description":115838,"extension":2219,"meta":115839,"navigation":123,"path":96811,"seo":115840,"stem":115841,"__hash__":115842},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113950,"toc":115804},[113951,113956,113961,113969,113971,114029,114034,114039,114043,114055,114058,114132,114137,114139,114141,114160,114162,114179,114182,114209,114211,114281,114285,114287,114293,114295,114356,114361,114363,114420,114424,114429,114494,114496,114516,114523,114527,114532,114617,114620,114627,114730,114734,114739,114797,114800,114811,114825,114832,114890,114897,114900,114910,114914,114972,114976,115042,115045,115103,115110,115117,115120,115124,115133,115202,115206,115212,115300,115310,115314,115318,115322,115325,115386,115391,115448,115452,115454,115489,115496,115498,115552,115559,115563,115566,115631,115640,115646,115703,115705,115710,115714,115718,115721,115728,115736,115740,115745,115749,115755,115757,115792,115801],[10,113952,96198,113954,11549],{"id":113953},"python-set-update-method",[15,113955,15184],{},[20,113957,113958,113960],{},[15,113959,97312],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113962,113963,113964,113968],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[614,113965,113966],{"href":98498},[15,113967,96206],{},", which adds only one item.",[43,113970,3850],{"id":3849},[48,113972,113974],{"className":50,"code":113973,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113975,113976,113992,114014,114024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,113977,113978,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988,113990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,113979,64],{"class":63},[57,113981,68],{"class":67},[57,113983,10718],{"class":71},[57,113985,3231],{"class":75},[57,113987,79],{"class":71},[57,113989,87],{"class":75},[57,113991,9536],{"class":71},[57,113993,113994,113996,113998,114000,114002,114004,114006,114008,114010,114012],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,113995,114],{"class":63},[57,113997,620],{"class":71},[57,113999,30694],{"class":113},[57,114001,1949],{"class":71},[57,114003,1788],{"class":75},[57,114005,79],{"class":71},[57,114007,1793],{"class":75},[57,114009,79],{"class":71},[57,114011,2706],{"class":75},[57,114013,1975],{"class":71},[57,114015,114016,114018,114020,114022],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114017,102],{"class":101},[57,114019,105],{"class":71},[57,114021,114],{"class":113},[57,114023,316],{"class":71},[57,114025,114026],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114027,114028],{"class":3903},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114030,1806,114031,114033],{},[15,114032,15184],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[43,114035,262,114037,265],{"id":114036},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114038,97312],{},[20,114040,114041,270],{},[15,114042,97312],{},[30,114044,114045,114048,114050,114053],{},[33,114046,114047],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[33,114049,96313],{},[33,114051,114052],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[33,114054,96316],{},[20,114056,114057],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[48,114059,114061],{"className":50,"code":114060,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114062,114063,114087,114113,114117,114127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114064,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114066,13306],{"class":63},[57,114068,68],{"class":67},[57,114070,10718],{"class":71},[57,114072,170],{"class":169},[57,114074,13323],{"class":173},[57,114076,170],{"class":169},[57,114078,79],{"class":71},[57,114080,181],{"class":169},[57,114082,13340],{"class":173},[57,114084,170],{"class":169},[57,114086,9536],{"class":71},[57,114088,114089,114091,114093,114095,114097,114099,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109,114111],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114090,17733],{"class":63},[57,114092,620],{"class":71},[57,114094,30694],{"class":113},[57,114096,1949],{"class":71},[57,114098,170],{"class":169},[57,114100,13340],{"class":173},[57,114102,170],{"class":169},[57,114104,79],{"class":71},[57,114106,181],{"class":169},[57,114108,17686],{"class":173},[57,114110,170],{"class":169},[57,114112,1975],{"class":71},[57,114114,114115],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114116,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114118,114119,114121,114123,114125],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114120,102],{"class":101},[57,114122,105],{"class":71},[57,114124,17733],{"class":113},[57,114126,316],{"class":71},[57,114128,114129],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114130,114131],{"class":3903},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114133,21208,114134,114136],{},[15,114135,111032],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[43,114138,294],{"id":293},[20,114140,7448],{},[48,114142,114144],{"className":50,"code":114143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114145,114146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114147,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114149,15897],{"class":63},[57,114151,620],{"class":71},[57,114153,30694],{"class":113},[57,114155,105],{"class":71},[57,114157,313],{"class":113},[57,114159,316],{"class":71},[20,114161,80405],{},[30,114163,114164,114167,114170,114173,114176],{},[33,114165,114166],{},"A list",[33,114168,114169],{},"A tuple",[33,114171,114172],{},"Another set",[33,114174,114175],{},"A string",[33,114177,114178],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114180,114181],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[48,114183,114185],{"className":50,"code":114184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114186,114187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114188,114189,114191,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114190,15897],{"class":63},[57,114192,620],{"class":71},[57,114194,30694],{"class":113},[57,114196,105],{"class":71},[57,114198,614],{"class":113},[57,114200,79],{"class":71},[57,114202,733],{"class":113},[57,114204,79],{"class":71},[57,114206,738],{"class":113},[57,114208,316],{"class":71},[20,114210,864],{},[48,114212,114214],{"className":50,"code":114213,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114215,114216,114228,114262,114266,114276],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114217,114218,114220,114222,114224,114226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114219,4061],{"class":63},[57,114221,68],{"class":67},[57,114223,10718],{"class":71},[57,114225,3231],{"class":75},[57,114227,9536],{"class":71},[57,114229,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244,114246,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114231,5589],{"class":63},[57,114233,620],{"class":71},[57,114235,30694],{"class":113},[57,114237,1949],{"class":71},[57,114239,1788],{"class":75},[57,114241,79],{"class":71},[57,114243,1793],{"class":75},[57,114245,18293],{"class":71},[57,114247,9463],{"class":71},[57,114249,647],{"class":75},[57,114251,79],{"class":71},[57,114253,92],{"class":75},[57,114255,9460],{"class":71},[57,114257,10718],{"class":71},[57,114259,80796],{"class":75},[57,114261,30726],{"class":71},[57,114263,114264],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114265,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114267,114268,114270,114272,114274],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114269,102],{"class":101},[57,114271,105],{"class":71},[57,114273,5589],{"class":113},[57,114275,316],{"class":71},[57,114277,114278],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114279,114280],{"class":3903},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114282,96322,114283,620],{},[614,114284,96330],{"href":97881},[43,114286,22200],{"id":22199},[20,114288,114289,2646,114291,620],{},[15,114290,97312],{},[15,114292,1524],{},[20,114294,11943],{},[48,114296,114298],{"className":50,"code":114297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114299,114300,114316,114338,114342,114352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114301,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114303,64],{"class":63},[57,114305,68],{"class":67},[57,114307,10718],{"class":71},[57,114309,3231],{"class":75},[57,114311,79],{"class":71},[57,114313,87],{"class":75},[57,114315,9536],{"class":71},[57,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332,114334,114336],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114319,1336],{"class":63},[57,114321,68],{"class":67},[57,114323,4495],{"class":63},[57,114325,620],{"class":71},[57,114327,30694],{"class":113},[57,114329,1949],{"class":71},[57,114331,76],{"class":75},[57,114333,79],{"class":71},[57,114335,2706],{"class":75},[57,114337,1975],{"class":71},[57,114339,114340],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114341,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114343,114344,114346,114348,114350],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114345,102],{"class":101},[57,114347,105],{"class":71},[57,114349,1368],{"class":113},[57,114351,316],{"class":71},[57,114353,114354],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114355,62049],{"class":3903},[20,114357,114358,114359,620],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114360,1368],{},[20,114362,19200],{},[48,114364,114366],{"className":50,"code":114365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114367,114368,114384,114402,114406,114416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114369,114370,114372,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114371,64],{"class":63},[57,114373,68],{"class":67},[57,114375,10718],{"class":71},[57,114377,3231],{"class":75},[57,114379,79],{"class":71},[57,114381,87],{"class":75},[57,114383,9536],{"class":71},[57,114385,114386,114388,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114387,114],{"class":63},[57,114389,620],{"class":71},[57,114391,30694],{"class":113},[57,114393,1949],{"class":71},[57,114395,76],{"class":75},[57,114397,79],{"class":71},[57,114399,2706],{"class":75},[57,114401,1975],{"class":71},[57,114403,114404],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114405,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114407,114408,114410,114412,114414],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114409,102],{"class":101},[57,114411,105],{"class":71},[57,114413,114],{"class":113},[57,114415,316],{"class":71},[57,114417,114418],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114419,114028],{"class":3903},[43,114421,114423],{"id":114422},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114425,114426,114427,620],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114428,15184],{},[48,114430,114432],{"className":50,"code":114431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114433,114434,114450,114476,114480,114490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114435,114436,114438,114440,114442,114444,114446,114448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114437,64],{"class":63},[57,114439,68],{"class":67},[57,114441,10718],{"class":71},[57,114443,3231],{"class":75},[57,114445,79],{"class":71},[57,114447,87],{"class":75},[57,114449,9536],{"class":71},[57,114451,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472,114474],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114453,114],{"class":63},[57,114455,620],{"class":71},[57,114457,30694],{"class":113},[57,114459,1949],{"class":71},[57,114461,1788],{"class":75},[57,114463,79],{"class":71},[57,114465,1793],{"class":75},[57,114467,79],{"class":71},[57,114469,2706],{"class":75},[57,114471,79],{"class":71},[57,114473,2706],{"class":75},[57,114475,1975],{"class":71},[57,114477,114478],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114479,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114481,114482,114484,114486,114488],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114483,102],{"class":101},[57,114485,105],{"class":71},[57,114487,114],{"class":113},[57,114489,316],{"class":71},[57,114491,114492],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114493,114028],{"class":3903},[20,114495,11912],{},[30,114497,114498,114503,114510],{},[33,114499,114500,114502],{},[15,114501,1788],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[33,114504,114505,1242,114507,114509],{},[15,114506,76],{},[15,114508,647],{}," are added",[33,114511,114512,114513,114515],{},"The second ",[15,114514,647],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114517,114518,114519,114522],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[614,114520,114521],{"href":99075},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[43,114524,114526],{"id":114525},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114528,7993,114529,114531],{},[15,114530,15184],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[48,114533,114535],{"className":50,"code":114534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114536,114537,114558,114579,114583,114599,114603,114613],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114538,114539,114542,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114540,114541],{"class":63},"set_a ",[57,114543,68],{"class":67},[57,114545,10718],{"class":71},[57,114547,3231],{"class":75},[57,114549,79],{"class":71},[57,114551,87],{"class":75},[57,114553,79],{"class":71},[57,114555,1793],{"class":75},[57,114557,9536],{"class":71},[57,114559,114560,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571,114573,114575,114577],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114561,114562],{"class":63},"set_b ",[57,114564,68],{"class":67},[57,114566,10718],{"class":71},[57,114568,76],{"class":75},[57,114570,79],{"class":71},[57,114572,2706],{"class":75},[57,114574,79],{"class":71},[57,114576,92],{"class":75},[57,114578,9536],{"class":71},[57,114580,114581],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114582,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114584,114585,114588,114590,114592,114594,114597],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114586,114587],{"class":63},"set_a",[57,114589,620],{"class":71},[57,114591,30694],{"class":113},[57,114593,105],{"class":71},[57,114595,114596],{"class":113},"set_b",[57,114598,316],{"class":71},[57,114600,114601],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114602,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114604,114605,114607,114609,114611],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,114606,102],{"class":101},[57,114608,105],{"class":71},[57,114610,114587],{"class":113},[57,114612,316],{"class":71},[57,114614,114615],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,114616,111989],{"class":3903},[20,114618,114619],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114621,114622,114623,620],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[614,114624,114625],{"href":102794},[15,114626,108041],{},[48,114628,114630],{"className":50,"code":114629,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114631,114632,114652,114672,114676,114696,114700,114711,114715,114725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114633,114634,114636,114638,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114635,114541],{"class":63},[57,114637,68],{"class":67},[57,114639,10718],{"class":71},[57,114641,3231],{"class":75},[57,114643,79],{"class":71},[57,114645,87],{"class":75},[57,114647,79],{"class":71},[57,114649,1793],{"class":75},[57,114651,9536],{"class":71},[57,114653,114654,114656,114658,114660,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114655,114562],{"class":63},[57,114657,68],{"class":67},[57,114659,10718],{"class":71},[57,114661,76],{"class":75},[57,114663,79],{"class":71},[57,114665,2706],{"class":75},[57,114667,79],{"class":71},[57,114669,92],{"class":75},[57,114671,9536],{"class":71},[57,114673,114674],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114675,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114677,114678,114681,114683,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114679,114680],{"class":63},"combined ",[57,114682,68],{"class":67},[57,114684,114685],{"class":63}," set_a",[57,114687,620],{"class":71},[57,114689,111267],{"class":113},[57,114691,105],{"class":71},[57,114693,114596],{"class":113},[57,114695,316],{"class":71},[57,114697,114698],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114699,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114701,114702,114704,114706,114709],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,114703,102],{"class":101},[57,114705,105],{"class":71},[57,114707,114708],{"class":113},"combined",[57,114710,316],{"class":71},[57,114712,114713],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,114714,111989],{"class":3903},[57,114716,114717,114719,114721,114723],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,114718,102],{"class":101},[57,114720,105],{"class":71},[57,114722,114587],{"class":113},[57,114724,316],{"class":71},[57,114726,114727],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,114728,114729],{"class":3903},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[43,114731,114733],{"id":114732},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114735,64958,114736,114738],{},[15,114737,15184],{}," adds each character separately.",[48,114740,114742],{"className":50,"code":114741,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114743,114744,114760,114778,114782,114792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114745,114746,114748,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114747,36322],{"class":63},[57,114749,68],{"class":67},[57,114751,10718],{"class":71},[57,114753,170],{"class":169},[57,114755,1956],{"class":173},[57,114757,170],{"class":169},[57,114759,9536],{"class":71},[57,114761,114762,114764,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114763,36375],{"class":63},[57,114765,620],{"class":71},[57,114767,30694],{"class":113},[57,114769,105],{"class":71},[57,114771,170],{"class":169},[57,114773,964],{"class":173},[57,114775,170],{"class":169},[57,114777,316],{"class":71},[57,114779,114780],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114781,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114783,114784,114786,114788,114790],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114785,102],{"class":101},[57,114787,105],{"class":71},[57,114789,36375],{"class":113},[57,114791,316],{"class":71},[57,114793,114794],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114795,114796],{"class":3903},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114798,114799],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114801,114802,14284,114805,114807,114808,114810],{},[15,114803,114804],{},"update(\"cat\")",[1399,114806,1401],{}," add ",[15,114809,113034],{}," as one item. It adds:",[30,114812,114813,114817,114821],{},[33,114814,114815],{},[15,114816,66698],{},[33,114818,114819],{},[15,114820,18327],{},[33,114822,114823],{},[15,114824,113050],{},[20,114826,114827,114828,270],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[614,114829,114830],{"href":98498},[15,114831,96206],{},[48,114833,114835],{"className":50,"code":114834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114836,114837,114853,114871,114875,114885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114838,114839,114841,114843,114845,114847,114849,114851],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114840,162],{"class":63},[57,114842,68],{"class":67},[57,114844,10718],{"class":71},[57,114846,170],{"class":169},[57,114848,982],{"class":173},[57,114850,170],{"class":169},[57,114852,9536],{"class":71},[57,114854,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114856,211],{"class":63},[57,114858,620],{"class":71},[57,114860,82308],{"class":113},[57,114862,105],{"class":71},[57,114864,170],{"class":169},[57,114866,964],{"class":173},[57,114868,170],{"class":169},[57,114870,316],{"class":71},[57,114872,114873],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114874,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114876,114877,114879,114881,114883],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114878,102],{"class":101},[57,114880,105],{"class":71},[57,114882,211],{"class":113},[57,114884,316],{"class":71},[57,114886,114887],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114888,114889],{"class":3903},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[43,114891,114893,1682,114895],{"id":114892},"update-vs-add",[15,114894,15184],{},[15,114896,96201],{},[20,114898,114899],{},"The difference is simple:",[30,114901,114902,114906],{},[33,114903,114904,96800],{},[15,114905,96201],{},[33,114907,114908,96805],{},[15,114909,15184],{},[20,114911,46265,114912,270],{},[15,114913,96201],{},[48,114915,114917],{"className":50,"code":114916,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114918,114919,114935,114953,114957,114967],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114920,114921,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114922,36471],{"class":63},[57,114924,68],{"class":67},[57,114926,10718],{"class":71},[57,114928,170],{"class":169},[57,114930,174],{"class":173},[57,114932,170],{"class":169},[57,114934,9536],{"class":71},[57,114936,114937,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,114938,36523],{"class":63},[57,114940,620],{"class":71},[57,114942,82308],{"class":113},[57,114944,105],{"class":71},[57,114946,170],{"class":169},[57,114948,184],{"class":173},[57,114950,170],{"class":169},[57,114952,316],{"class":71},[57,114954,114955],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,114956,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,114958,114959,114961,114963,114965],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,114960,102],{"class":101},[57,114962,105],{"class":71},[57,114964,36523],{"class":113},[57,114966,316],{"class":71},[57,114968,114969],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,114970,114971],{"class":3903},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114973,46265,114974,270],{},[15,114975,15184],{},[48,114977,114979],{"className":50,"code":114978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114980,114981,114997,115023,115027,115037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,114982,114983,114985,114987,114989,114991,114993,114995],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,114984,36471],{"class":63},[57,114986,68],{"class":67},[57,114988,10718],{"class":71},[57,114990,170],{"class":169},[57,114992,174],{"class":173},[57,114994,170],{"class":169},[57,114996,9536],{"class":71},[57,114998,114999,115001,115003,115005,115007,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115000,36523],{"class":63},[57,115002,620],{"class":71},[57,115004,30694],{"class":113},[57,115006,1949],{"class":71},[57,115008,170],{"class":169},[57,115010,184],{"class":173},[57,115012,170],{"class":169},[57,115014,79],{"class":71},[57,115016,181],{"class":169},[57,115018,33451],{"class":173},[57,115020,170],{"class":169},[57,115022,1975],{"class":71},[57,115024,115025],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115026,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115028,115029,115031,115033,115035],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115030,102],{"class":101},[57,115032,105],{"class":71},[57,115034,36523],{"class":113},[57,115036,316],{"class":71},[57,115038,115039],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115040,115041],{"class":3903},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115043,115044],{},"Important warning with strings:",[48,115046,115048],{"className":50,"code":115047,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115049,115050,115066,115084,115088,115098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115051,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115053,36471],{"class":63},[57,115055,68],{"class":67},[57,115057,10718],{"class":71},[57,115059,170],{"class":169},[57,115061,174],{"class":173},[57,115063,170],{"class":169},[57,115065,9536],{"class":71},[57,115067,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115069,36523],{"class":63},[57,115071,620],{"class":71},[57,115073,30694],{"class":113},[57,115075,105],{"class":71},[57,115077,170],{"class":169},[57,115079,38570],{"class":173},[57,115081,170],{"class":169},[57,115083,316],{"class":71},[57,115085,115086],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115087,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115089,115090,115092,115094,115096],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115091,102],{"class":101},[57,115093,105],{"class":71},[57,115095,36523],{"class":113},[57,115097,316],{"class":71},[57,115099,115100],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115101,115102],{"class":3903},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115104,62324,115105,62397,115108,6861],{},[15,115106,115107],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115109,96201],{},[43,115111,115113,1682,115115],{"id":115112},"update-vs-union",[15,115114,15184],{},[15,115116,102797],{},[20,115118,115119],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[943,115121,115122],{"id":30694},[15,115123,15184],{},[30,115125,115126,115129],{},[33,115127,115128],{},"Changes the existing set",[33,115130,11651,115131],{},[15,115132,1524],{},[48,115134,115136],{"className":50,"code":115135,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115137,115138,115154,115170,115174,115188,115198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115139,115140,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115141,686],{"class":63},[57,115143,68],{"class":67},[57,115145,10718],{"class":71},[57,115147,3231],{"class":75},[57,115149,79],{"class":71},[57,115151,87],{"class":75},[57,115153,9536],{"class":71},[57,115155,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115157,696],{"class":63},[57,115159,68],{"class":67},[57,115161,10718],{"class":71},[57,115163,1788],{"class":75},[57,115165,79],{"class":71},[57,115167,1793],{"class":75},[57,115169,9536],{"class":71},[57,115171,115172],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115173,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115175,115176,115178,115180,115182,115184,115186],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115177,614],{"class":63},[57,115179,620],{"class":71},[57,115181,30694],{"class":113},[57,115183,105],{"class":71},[57,115185,4993],{"class":113},[57,115187,316],{"class":71},[57,115189,115190,115192,115194,115196],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115191,102],{"class":101},[57,115193,105],{"class":71},[57,115195,614],{"class":113},[57,115197,316],{"class":71},[57,115199,115200],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,115201,114729],{"class":3903},[943,115203,115204],{"id":111267},[15,115205,102797],{},[30,115207,115208,115210],{},[33,115209,101335],{},[33,115211,101338],{},[48,115213,115215],{"className":50,"code":115214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115216,115217,115233,115249,115253,115271,115281,115285,115295],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115218,115219,115221,115223,115225,115227,115229,115231],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115220,686],{"class":63},[57,115222,68],{"class":67},[57,115224,10718],{"class":71},[57,115226,3231],{"class":75},[57,115228,79],{"class":71},[57,115230,87],{"class":75},[57,115232,9536],{"class":71},[57,115234,115235,115237,115239,115241,115243,115245,115247],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115236,696],{"class":63},[57,115238,68],{"class":67},[57,115240,10718],{"class":71},[57,115242,1788],{"class":75},[57,115244,79],{"class":71},[57,115246,1793],{"class":75},[57,115248,9536],{"class":71},[57,115250,115251],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115252,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115254,115255,115257,115259,115261,115263,115265,115267,115269],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115256,706],{"class":63},[57,115258,68],{"class":67},[57,115260,57107],{"class":63},[57,115262,620],{"class":71},[57,115264,111267],{"class":113},[57,115266,105],{"class":71},[57,115268,4993],{"class":113},[57,115270,316],{"class":71},[57,115272,115273,115275,115277,115279],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115274,102],{"class":101},[57,115276,105],{"class":71},[57,115278,9966],{"class":113},[57,115280,316],{"class":71},[57,115282,115283],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,115284,114729],{"class":3903},[57,115286,115287,115289,115291,115293],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,115288,102],{"class":101},[57,115290,105],{"class":71},[57,115292,614],{"class":113},[57,115294,316],{"class":71},[57,115296,115297],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,115298,115299],{"class":3903},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115301,107683,115302,115304,115305,115309],{},[15,115303,15184],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[614,115306,115307],{"href":102794},[15,115308,102797],{}," when you want a new set.",[43,115311,115313],{"id":115312},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115315,10975,115316,620],{},[15,115317,97312],{},[943,115319,115321],{"id":115320},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115323,115324],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[48,115326,115328],{"className":50,"code":115327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115329,115330,115346,115368,115372,115382],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115331,115332,115334,115336,115338,115340,115342,115344],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115333,15859],{"class":63},[57,115335,68],{"class":67},[57,115337,10718],{"class":71},[57,115339,3231],{"class":75},[57,115341,79],{"class":71},[57,115343,87],{"class":75},[57,115345,9536],{"class":71},[57,115347,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115349,1336],{"class":63},[57,115351,68],{"class":67},[57,115353,96922],{"class":63},[57,115355,620],{"class":71},[57,115357,30694],{"class":113},[57,115359,1949],{"class":71},[57,115361,76],{"class":75},[57,115363,79],{"class":71},[57,115365,2706],{"class":75},[57,115367,1975],{"class":71},[57,115369,115370],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115371,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115373,115374,115376,115378,115380],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115375,102],{"class":101},[57,115377,105],{"class":71},[57,115379,1368],{"class":113},[57,115381,316],{"class":71},[57,115383,115384],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115385,62049],{"class":3903},[20,115387,115388,115389,270],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115390,15184],{},[48,115392,115394],{"className":50,"code":115393,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115395,115396,115412,115430,115434,115444],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115397,115398,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408,115410],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115399,15859],{"class":63},[57,115401,68],{"class":67},[57,115403,10718],{"class":71},[57,115405,3231],{"class":75},[57,115407,79],{"class":71},[57,115409,87],{"class":75},[57,115411,9536],{"class":71},[57,115413,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115415,15897],{"class":63},[57,115417,620],{"class":71},[57,115419,30694],{"class":113},[57,115421,1949],{"class":71},[57,115423,76],{"class":75},[57,115425,79],{"class":71},[57,115427,2706],{"class":75},[57,115429,1975],{"class":71},[57,115431,115432],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115433,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115435,115436,115438,115440,115442],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115437,102],{"class":101},[57,115439,105],{"class":71},[57,115441,15897],{"class":113},[57,115443,316],{"class":71},[57,115445,115446],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115447,114028],{"class":3903},[943,115449,115451],{"id":115450},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115453,3080],{},[48,115455,115457],{"className":50,"code":115456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115458,115459,115475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115460,115461,115463,115465,115467,115469,115471,115473],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115462,15859],{"class":63},[57,115464,68],{"class":67},[57,115466,10718],{"class":71},[57,115468,3231],{"class":75},[57,115470,79],{"class":71},[57,115472,87],{"class":75},[57,115474,9536],{"class":71},[57,115476,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115478,15897],{"class":63},[57,115480,620],{"class":71},[57,115482,30694],{"class":113},[57,115484,105],{"class":71},[57,115486,2389],{"class":75},[57,115488,316],{"class":71},[20,115490,62503,115491,8829,115493,115495],{},[15,115492,1539],{},[15,115494,2389],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115497,6784],{},[48,115499,115501],{"className":50,"code":115500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115502,115503,115519,115533,115537,115547],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115504,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515,115517],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115506,15859],{"class":63},[57,115508,68],{"class":67},[57,115510,10718],{"class":71},[57,115512,3231],{"class":75},[57,115514,79],{"class":71},[57,115516,87],{"class":75},[57,115518,9536],{"class":71},[57,115520,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115522,15897],{"class":63},[57,115524,620],{"class":71},[57,115526,30694],{"class":113},[57,115528,1949],{"class":71},[57,115530,2389],{"class":75},[57,115532,1975],{"class":71},[57,115534,115535],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115536,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115538,115539,115541,115543,115545],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115540,102],{"class":101},[57,115542,105],{"class":71},[57,115544,15897],{"class":113},[57,115546,316],{"class":71},[57,115548,115549],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115550,115551],{"class":3903},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115553,46138,115554,620],{},[614,115555,25910,115556],{"href":52818},[15,115557,115558],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[943,115560,115562],{"id":115561},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115564,115565],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[48,115567,115569],{"className":50,"code":115568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115570,115571,115587,115613,115617,115627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115572,115573,115575,115577,115579,115581,115583,115585],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115574,15859],{"class":63},[57,115576,68],{"class":67},[57,115578,10718],{"class":71},[57,115580,3231],{"class":75},[57,115582,79],{"class":71},[57,115584,87],{"class":75},[57,115586,9536],{"class":71},[57,115588,115589,115591,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115590,15897],{"class":63},[57,115592,620],{"class":71},[57,115594,30694],{"class":113},[57,115596,1949],{"class":71},[57,115598,1788],{"class":75},[57,115600,79],{"class":71},[57,115602,87],{"class":75},[57,115604,79],{"class":71},[57,115606,87],{"class":75},[57,115608,79],{"class":71},[57,115610,1793],{"class":75},[57,115612,1975],{"class":71},[57,115614,115615],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115616,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115618,115619,115621,115623,115625],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115620,102],{"class":101},[57,115622,105],{"class":71},[57,115624,15897],{"class":113},[57,115626,316],{"class":71},[57,115628,115629],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115630,114729],{"class":3903},[943,115632,115634,115635,44855,115637,115639],{"id":115633},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115636,15184],{},[15,115638,96201],{}," is better",[20,115641,115642,115643,115645],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115644,96201],{}," is usually the better choice.",[48,115647,115649],{"className":50,"code":115648,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115650,115651,115667,115685,115689,115699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115652,115653,115655,115657,115659,115661,115663,115665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115654,15859],{"class":63},[57,115656,68],{"class":67},[57,115658,10718],{"class":71},[57,115660,170],{"class":169},[57,115662,982],{"class":173},[57,115664,170],{"class":169},[57,115666,9536],{"class":71},[57,115668,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115670,15897],{"class":63},[57,115672,620],{"class":71},[57,115674,82308],{"class":113},[57,115676,105],{"class":71},[57,115678,170],{"class":169},[57,115680,964],{"class":173},[57,115682,170],{"class":169},[57,115684,316],{"class":71},[57,115686,115687],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115688,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115690,115691,115693,115695,115697],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115692,102],{"class":101},[57,115694,105],{"class":71},[57,115696,15897],{"class":113},[57,115698,316],{"class":71},[57,115700,115701],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115702,114889],{"class":3903},[43,115704,2011],{"id":2010},[943,115706,12933,115708,97291],{"id":115707},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115709,97312],{},[20,115711,97294,115712,620],{},[15,115713,1524],{},[943,115715,28559,115716,32456],{"id":32453},[15,115717,15184],{},[20,115719,115720],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[943,115722,2119,115724,1242,115726,2053],{"id":115723},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115725,96201],{},[15,115727,15184],{},[20,115729,115730,115732,115733,115735],{},[15,115731,96201],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115734,15184],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[943,115737,115739],{"id":115738},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115741,115742,115743,114738],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115744,15184],{},[943,115746,115748],{"id":115747},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115750,1806,115751,11320,115753,620],{},[15,115752,102797],{},[15,115754,15184],{},[43,115756,2135],{"id":2134},[30,115758,115759,115766,115773,115779,115785],{},[33,115760,115761],{},[614,115762,115763],{"href":98498},[15,115764,115765],{},"Python set add() method",[33,115767,115768],{},[614,115769,115770],{"href":102794},[15,115771,115772],{},"Python set union() method",[33,115774,115775],{},[614,115776,115777],{"href":97881},[15,115778,97336],{},[33,115780,115781],{},[614,115782,115783],{"href":99075},[15,115784,100342],{},[33,115786,115787],{},[614,115788,115789,115791],{"href":52818},[15,115790,115558],{}," fix",[20,115793,115794,115795,115797,115798,115800],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115796,96206],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115799,108041],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2172,115802,115803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":115805},[115806,115807,115809,115810,115811,115812,115813,115814,115816,115821,115828,115837],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":114036,"depth":98,"text":115808},"What set.update() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":22199,"depth":98,"text":22200},{"id":114422,"depth":98,"text":114423},{"id":114525,"depth":98,"text":114526},{"id":114732,"depth":98,"text":114733},{"id":114892,"depth":98,"text":115815},"update() vs add()",{"id":115112,"depth":98,"text":115817,"children":115818},"update() vs union()",[115819,115820],{"id":30694,"depth":120,"text":15184},{"id":111267,"depth":120,"text":102797},{"id":115312,"depth":98,"text":115313,"children":115822},[115823,115824,115825,115826],{"id":115320,"depth":120,"text":115321},{"id":115450,"depth":120,"text":115451},{"id":115561,"depth":120,"text":115562},{"id":115633,"depth":120,"text":115827},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":115829},[115830,115832,115833,115835,115836],{"id":115707,"depth":120,"text":115831},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32453,"depth":120,"text":32526},{"id":115723,"depth":120,"text":115834},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115738,"depth":120,"text":115739},{"id":115747,"depth":120,"text":115748},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113948,"description":115838},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115844,"title":115845,"body":115846,"description":117612,"extension":2219,"meta":117613,"navigation":123,"path":14020,"seo":117614,"stem":117615,"__hash__":117616},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115847,"toc":117587},[115848,115851,115854,115857,115868,115876,115879,115881,116030,116042,116046,116063,116067,116075,116077,116088,116090,116187,116193,116196,116292,116301,116306,116310,116315,116317,116327,116329,116438,116446,116450,116453,116456,116473,116479,116559,116562,116566,116569,116573,116576,116635,116638,116642,116645,116737,116741,116744,116851,116855,116861,116889,116891,116973,116983,116987,116990,117001,117004,117089,117092,117097,117101,117104,117115,117118,117260,117263,117267,117270,117284,117287,117348,117354,117356,117359,117381,117384,117484,117487,117519,117521,117525,117528,117530,117533,117537,117540,117544,117547,117551,117554,117556,117584],[10,115849,115845],{"id":115850},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115852,115853],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115855,115856],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[30,115858,115859,115862,115865],{},[33,115860,115861],{},"a list inside another list",[33,115863,115864],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[33,115866,115867],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115869,100264,115870,1242,115872,115875],{},[1399,115871,13080],{},[1399,115873,115874],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115877,115878],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[43,115880,46],{"id":45},[48,115882,115884],{"className":50,"code":115883,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115885,115886,115893,115897,115923,115943,115963,115967,115985,115989,116002,116016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,115887,115888,115890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,115889,35321],{"class":1962},[57,115891,115892],{"class":63}," copy\n",[57,115894,115895],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,115896,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115898,115899,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,115900,12315],{"class":63},[57,115902,68],{"class":67},[57,115904,56513],{"class":71},[57,115906,3231],{"class":75},[57,115908,79],{"class":71},[57,115910,87],{"class":75},[57,115912,18293],{"class":71},[57,115914,72],{"class":71},[57,115916,76],{"class":75},[57,115918,79],{"class":71},[57,115920,2706],{"class":75},[57,115922,53461],{"class":71},[57,115924,115925,115928,115930,115933,115935,115937,115939,115941],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,115926,115927],{"class":63},"shallow ",[57,115929,68],{"class":67},[57,115931,115932],{"class":63}," copy",[57,115934,620],{"class":71},[57,115936,13141],{"class":113},[57,115938,105],{"class":71},[57,115940,12362],{"class":113},[57,115942,316],{"class":71},[57,115944,115945,115948,115950,115952,115954,115957,115959,115961],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,115946,115947],{"class":63},"deep ",[57,115949,68],{"class":67},[57,115951,115932],{"class":63},[57,115953,620],{"class":71},[57,115955,115956],{"class":113},"deepcopy",[57,115958,105],{"class":71},[57,115960,12362],{"class":113},[57,115962,316],{"class":71},[57,115964,115965],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,115966,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115968,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,115970,12362],{"class":63},[57,115972,1785],{"class":71},[57,115974,1294],{"class":75},[57,115976,13780],{"class":71},[57,115978,13783],{"class":113},[57,115980,105],{"class":71},[57,115982,56566],{"class":75},[57,115984,316],{"class":71},[57,115986,115987],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,115988,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,115990,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,115992,102],{"class":101},[57,115994,105],{"class":71},[57,115996,12362],{"class":113},[57,115998,1959],{"class":71},[57,116000,116001],{"class":3903},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,116003,116004,116006,116008,116011,116013],{"class":59,"line":6666},[57,116005,102],{"class":101},[57,116007,105],{"class":71},[57,116009,116010],{"class":113},"shallow",[57,116012,1959],{"class":71},[57,116014,116015],{"class":3903},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[57,116017,116018,116020,116022,116025,116027],{"class":59,"line":11823},[57,116019,102],{"class":101},[57,116021,105],{"class":71},[57,116023,116024],{"class":113},"deep",[57,116026,1959],{"class":71},[57,116028,116029],{"class":3903},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116031,1806,116032,116035,116036,1242,116038,116041],{},[15,116033,116034],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[1399,116037,13080],{},[15,116039,116040],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[43,116043,116045],{"id":116044},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[30,116047,116048,116051,116054,116057,116060],{},[33,116049,116050],{},"What a copy means in Python",[33,116052,116053],{},"How shallow copy works",[33,116055,116056],{},"How deep copy works",[33,116058,116059],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[33,116061,116062],{},"When to use each approach",[43,116064,116066],{"id":116065},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116068,15419,116069,116071,116072,116074],{},[1399,116070,13080],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[1399,116073,1401],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116076,2360],{},[30,116078,116079,116082,116085],{},[33,116080,116081],{},"the outer container is new",[33,116083,116084],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[33,116086,116087],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116089,864],{},[48,116091,116093],{"className":50,"code":116092,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116094,116095,116121,116135,116139,116157,116161,116174],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116096,116097,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116098,12315],{"class":63},[57,116100,68],{"class":67},[57,116102,56513],{"class":71},[57,116104,3231],{"class":75},[57,116106,79],{"class":71},[57,116108,87],{"class":75},[57,116110,18293],{"class":71},[57,116112,72],{"class":71},[57,116114,76],{"class":75},[57,116116,79],{"class":71},[57,116118,2706],{"class":75},[57,116120,53461],{"class":71},[57,116122,116123,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116124,14542],{"class":63},[57,116126,68],{"class":67},[57,116128,12390],{"class":63},[57,116130,620],{"class":71},[57,116132,13141],{"class":113},[57,116134,8870],{"class":71},[57,116136,116137],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116138,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116140,116141,116143,116145,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116142,14561],{"class":63},[57,116144,620],{"class":71},[57,116146,13783],{"class":113},[57,116148,1949],{"class":71},[57,116150,2389],{"class":75},[57,116152,79],{"class":71},[57,116154,37874],{"class":75},[57,116156,1975],{"class":71},[57,116158,116159],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,116160,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116162,116163,116165,116167,116169,116171],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,116164,102],{"class":101},[57,116166,105],{"class":71},[57,116168,12362],{"class":113},[57,116170,1959],{"class":71},[57,116172,116173],{"class":3903},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[57,116175,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,116177,102],{"class":101},[57,116179,105],{"class":71},[57,116181,14561],{"class":113},[57,116183,1959],{"class":71},[57,116185,116186],{"class":3903},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116188,116189,116190,116192],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116191,14561],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116194,116195],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[48,116197,116199],{"className":50,"code":116198,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116200,116201,116227,116241,116245,116263,116267,116279],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116202,116203,116205,116207,116209,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116204,12315],{"class":63},[57,116206,68],{"class":67},[57,116208,56513],{"class":71},[57,116210,3231],{"class":75},[57,116212,79],{"class":71},[57,116214,87],{"class":75},[57,116216,18293],{"class":71},[57,116218,72],{"class":71},[57,116220,76],{"class":75},[57,116222,79],{"class":71},[57,116224,2706],{"class":75},[57,116226,53461],{"class":71},[57,116228,116229,116231,116233,116235,116237,116239],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116230,14542],{"class":63},[57,116232,68],{"class":67},[57,116234,12390],{"class":63},[57,116236,620],{"class":71},[57,116238,13141],{"class":113},[57,116240,8870],{"class":71},[57,116242,116243],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116244,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116246,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116248,14561],{"class":63},[57,116250,1785],{"class":71},[57,116252,1294],{"class":75},[57,116254,13780],{"class":71},[57,116256,13783],{"class":113},[57,116258,105],{"class":71},[57,116260,56566],{"class":75},[57,116262,316],{"class":71},[57,116264,116265],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,116266,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116268,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,116270,102],{"class":101},[57,116272,105],{"class":71},[57,116274,12362],{"class":113},[57,116276,1959],{"class":71},[57,116278,116001],{"class":3903},[57,116280,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,116282,102],{"class":101},[57,116284,105],{"class":71},[57,116286,14561],{"class":113},[57,116288,1959],{"class":71},[57,116290,116291],{"class":3903},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116293,116294,116295,1242,116297,116300],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116296,56670],{},[15,116298,116299],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116302,116303,116304,620],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[614,116305,44161],{"href":12294},[43,116307,116309],{"id":116308},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116311,15419,116312,116314],{},[1399,116313,115874],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116316,2360],{},[30,116318,116319,116321,116324],{},[33,116320,116081],{},[33,116322,116323],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[33,116325,116326],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116328,864],{},[48,116330,116332],{"className":50,"code":116331,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116333,116334,116340,116344,116370,116388,116392,116410,116414,116426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116335,116336,116338],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116337,35321],{"class":1962},[57,116339,115892],{"class":63},[57,116341,116342],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116343,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116345,116346,116348,116350,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116347,12315],{"class":63},[57,116349,68],{"class":67},[57,116351,56513],{"class":71},[57,116353,3231],{"class":75},[57,116355,79],{"class":71},[57,116357,87],{"class":75},[57,116359,18293],{"class":71},[57,116361,72],{"class":71},[57,116363,76],{"class":75},[57,116365,79],{"class":71},[57,116367,2706],{"class":75},[57,116369,53461],{"class":71},[57,116371,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384,116386],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116373,14542],{"class":63},[57,116375,68],{"class":67},[57,116377,115932],{"class":63},[57,116379,620],{"class":71},[57,116381,115956],{"class":113},[57,116383,105],{"class":71},[57,116385,12362],{"class":113},[57,116387,316],{"class":71},[57,116389,116390],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,116391,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116393,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,116395,14561],{"class":63},[57,116397,1785],{"class":71},[57,116399,1294],{"class":75},[57,116401,13780],{"class":71},[57,116403,13783],{"class":113},[57,116405,105],{"class":71},[57,116407,56566],{"class":75},[57,116409,316],{"class":71},[57,116411,116412],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,116413,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116415,116416,116418,116420,116422,116424],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,116417,102],{"class":101},[57,116419,105],{"class":71},[57,116421,12362],{"class":113},[57,116423,1959],{"class":71},[57,116425,116173],{"class":3903},[57,116427,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,116429,102],{"class":101},[57,116431,105],{"class":71},[57,116433,14561],{"class":113},[57,116435,1959],{"class":71},[57,116437,116291],{"class":3903},[20,116439,116440,116441,116443,116444,620],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116442,116299],{}," does not change ",[15,116445,56670],{},[43,116447,116449],{"id":116448},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116451,116452],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116454,116455],{},"Common reasons:",[30,116457,116458,116461,116464,116470],{},[33,116459,116460],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[33,116462,116463],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[33,116465,116466,116467,116469],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116468,68],{}," does not make a copy",[33,116471,116472],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116474,116475,116476,116478],{},"For example, this does ",[1399,116477,1401],{}," create a copy:",[48,116480,116482],{"className":50,"code":116481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116483,116484,116504,116512,116516,116530,116534,116546],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116487,12315],{"class":63},[57,116489,68],{"class":67},[57,116491,72],{"class":71},[57,116493,3231],{"class":75},[57,116495,79],{"class":71},[57,116497,87],{"class":75},[57,116499,79],{"class":71},[57,116501,1793],{"class":75},[57,116503,95],{"class":71},[57,116505,116506,116508,116510],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116507,14542],{"class":63},[57,116509,68],{"class":67},[57,116511,12353],{"class":63},[57,116513,116514],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116515,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116517,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526,116528],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116519,14561],{"class":63},[57,116521,620],{"class":71},[57,116523,13783],{"class":113},[57,116525,105],{"class":71},[57,116527,647],{"class":75},[57,116529,316],{"class":71},[57,116531,116532],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,116533,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116535,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,116537,102],{"class":101},[57,116539,105],{"class":71},[57,116541,12362],{"class":113},[57,116543,1959],{"class":71},[57,116545,55920],{"class":3903},[57,116547,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,116549,102],{"class":101},[57,116551,105],{"class":71},[57,116553,14561],{"class":113},[57,116555,1959],{"class":71},[57,116557,116558],{"class":3903},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116560,116561],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[43,116563,116565],{"id":116564},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116567,116568],{},"These three ideas are different.",[943,116570,116572],{"id":116571},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116574,116575],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[48,116577,116579],{"className":50,"code":116578,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116580,116581,116607,116615,116619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116582,116583,116585,116587,116589,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116584,12315],{"class":63},[57,116586,68],{"class":67},[57,116588,56513],{"class":71},[57,116590,3231],{"class":75},[57,116592,79],{"class":71},[57,116594,87],{"class":75},[57,116596,18293],{"class":71},[57,116598,72],{"class":71},[57,116600,76],{"class":75},[57,116602,79],{"class":71},[57,116604,2706],{"class":75},[57,116606,53461],{"class":71},[57,116608,116609,116611,116613],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116610,14333],{"class":63},[57,116612,68],{"class":67},[57,116614,12353],{"class":63},[57,116616,116617],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116618,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116620,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116622,102],{"class":101},[57,116624,105],{"class":71},[57,116626,12315],{"class":113},[57,116628,1481],{"class":1962},[57,116630,14401],{"class":113},[57,116632,1959],{"class":71},[57,116634,3904],{"class":3903},[20,116636,116637],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[943,116639,116641],{"id":116640},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116643,116644],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[48,116646,116648],{"className":50,"code":116647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116649,116650,116676,116690,116694,116711],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116651,116652,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672,116674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116653,12315],{"class":63},[57,116655,68],{"class":67},[57,116657,56513],{"class":71},[57,116659,3231],{"class":75},[57,116661,79],{"class":71},[57,116663,87],{"class":75},[57,116665,18293],{"class":71},[57,116667,72],{"class":71},[57,116669,76],{"class":75},[57,116671,79],{"class":71},[57,116673,2706],{"class":75},[57,116675,53461],{"class":71},[57,116677,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116679,115927],{"class":63},[57,116681,68],{"class":67},[57,116683,12390],{"class":63},[57,116685,620],{"class":71},[57,116687,13141],{"class":113},[57,116689,8870],{"class":71},[57,116691,116692],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116693,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116695,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116707,116709],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116697,102],{"class":101},[57,116699,105],{"class":71},[57,116701,12315],{"class":113},[57,116703,1481],{"class":1962},[57,116705,116706],{"class":113}," shallow",[57,116708,1959],{"class":71},[57,116710,21431],{"class":3903},[57,116712,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727,116729,116731,116733,116735],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,116714,102],{"class":101},[57,116716,105],{"class":71},[57,116718,12362],{"class":113},[57,116720,1785],{"class":71},[57,116722,1294],{"class":75},[57,116724,13504],{"class":71},[57,116726,8324],{"class":1962},[57,116728,116706],{"class":113},[57,116730,1785],{"class":71},[57,116732,1294],{"class":75},[57,116734,20677],{"class":71},[57,116736,3904],{"class":3903},[943,116738,116740],{"id":116739},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116742,116743],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[48,116745,116747],{"className":50,"code":116746,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116748,116749,116755,116759,116785,116803,116807,116825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116750,116751,116753],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116752,35321],{"class":1962},[57,116754,115892],{"class":63},[57,116756,116757],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116758,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116760,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116762,12315],{"class":63},[57,116764,68],{"class":67},[57,116766,56513],{"class":71},[57,116768,3231],{"class":75},[57,116770,79],{"class":71},[57,116772,87],{"class":75},[57,116774,18293],{"class":71},[57,116776,72],{"class":71},[57,116778,76],{"class":75},[57,116780,79],{"class":71},[57,116782,2706],{"class":75},[57,116784,53461],{"class":71},[57,116786,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116788,115947],{"class":63},[57,116790,68],{"class":67},[57,116792,115932],{"class":63},[57,116794,620],{"class":71},[57,116796,115956],{"class":113},[57,116798,105],{"class":71},[57,116800,12362],{"class":113},[57,116802,316],{"class":71},[57,116804,116805],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,116806,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116808,116809,116811,116813,116815,116817,116820,116822],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,116810,102],{"class":101},[57,116812,105],{"class":71},[57,116814,12315],{"class":113},[57,116816,1481],{"class":1962},[57,116818,116819],{"class":113}," deep",[57,116821,1959],{"class":71},[57,116823,116824],{"class":3903},"         # False\n",[57,116826,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,116828,102],{"class":101},[57,116830,105],{"class":71},[57,116832,12362],{"class":113},[57,116834,1785],{"class":71},[57,116836,1294],{"class":75},[57,116838,13504],{"class":71},[57,116840,8324],{"class":1962},[57,116842,116819],{"class":113},[57,116844,1785],{"class":71},[57,116846,1294],{"class":75},[57,116848,20677],{"class":71},[57,116850,44097],{"class":3903},[43,116852,116854],{"id":116853},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116856,116857,116858,270],{},"These all make ",[1399,116859,116860],{},"shallow copies",[30,116862,116863,116867,116871,116876,116882],{},[33,116864,116865],{},[15,116866,55820],{},[33,116868,116869],{},[15,116870,12663],{},[33,116872,116873],{},[15,116874,116875],{},"set.copy()",[33,116877,116878,116879],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116880,116881],{},"my_list[:]",[33,116883,116884,116886,116887,35311],{},[15,116885,116034],{}," from the ",[15,116888,13141],{},[20,116890,2378],{},[48,116892,116894],{"className":50,"code":116893,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116895,116896,116916,116920,116934,116945,116949,116961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,116897,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,116899,64],{"class":63},[57,116901,68],{"class":67},[57,116903,72],{"class":71},[57,116905,3231],{"class":75},[57,116907,79],{"class":71},[57,116909,87],{"class":75},[57,116911,79],{"class":71},[57,116913,1793],{"class":75},[57,116915,95],{"class":71},[57,116917,116918],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,116919,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116921,116922,116924,116926,116928,116930,116932],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,116923,686],{"class":63},[57,116925,68],{"class":67},[57,116927,4495],{"class":63},[57,116929,620],{"class":71},[57,116931,13141],{"class":113},[57,116933,8870],{"class":71},[57,116935,116936,116938,116940,116942],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,116937,696],{"class":63},[57,116939,68],{"class":67},[57,116941,4495],{"class":63},[57,116943,116944],{"class":71},"[:]\n",[57,116946,116947],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,116948,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,116950,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,116952,102],{"class":101},[57,116954,105],{"class":71},[57,116956,614],{"class":113},[57,116958,1959],{"class":71},[57,116960,55151],{"class":3903},[57,116962,116963,116965,116967,116969,116971],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,116964,102],{"class":101},[57,116966,105],{"class":71},[57,116968,4993],{"class":113},[57,116970,1959],{"class":71},[57,116972,55151],{"class":3903},[20,116974,73351,116975,47756,116979,620],{},[614,116976,116977,10968],{"href":55179},[15,116978,55820],{},[614,116980,116981,10968],{"href":12660},[15,116982,12663],{},[43,116984,116986],{"id":116985},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116988,116989],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[30,116991,116992,116995,116998],{},[33,116993,116994],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[33,116996,116997],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[33,116999,117000],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117002,117003],{},"Example with a flat list:",[48,117005,117007],{"className":50,"code":117006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117008,117009,117029,117043,117047,117061,117065,117077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117010,117011,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117012,12315],{"class":63},[57,117014,68],{"class":67},[57,117016,72],{"class":71},[57,117018,3231],{"class":75},[57,117020,79],{"class":71},[57,117022,87],{"class":75},[57,117024,79],{"class":71},[57,117026,1793],{"class":75},[57,117028,95],{"class":71},[57,117030,117031,117033,117035,117037,117039,117041],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117032,14542],{"class":63},[57,117034,68],{"class":67},[57,117036,12390],{"class":63},[57,117038,620],{"class":71},[57,117040,13141],{"class":113},[57,117042,8870],{"class":71},[57,117044,117045],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,117046,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117048,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057,117059],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,117050,14561],{"class":63},[57,117052,620],{"class":71},[57,117054,13783],{"class":113},[57,117056,105],{"class":71},[57,117058,647],{"class":75},[57,117060,316],{"class":71},[57,117062,117063],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,117064,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117066,117067,117069,117071,117073,117075],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,117068,102],{"class":101},[57,117070,105],{"class":71},[57,117072,12362],{"class":113},[57,117074,1959],{"class":71},[57,117076,55151],{"class":3903},[57,117078,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,117080,102],{"class":101},[57,117082,105],{"class":71},[57,117084,14561],{"class":113},[57,117086,1959],{"class":71},[57,117088,116558],{"class":3903},[20,117090,117091],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117093,117094,117095,620],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[614,117096,15118],{"href":57439},[43,117098,117100],{"id":117099},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117102,117103],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[30,117105,117106,117109,117112],{},[33,117107,117108],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[33,117110,117111],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[33,117113,117114],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117116,117117],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[48,117119,117121],{"className":50,"code":117120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117122,117123,117129,117133,117159,117173,117191,117195,117217,117221,117234,117247],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117124,117125,117127],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117126,35321],{"class":1962},[57,117128,115892],{"class":63},[57,117130,117131],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117132,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117134,117135,117137,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,117136,12315],{"class":63},[57,117138,68],{"class":67},[57,117140,10718],{"class":71},[57,117142,170],{"class":169},[57,117144,498],{"class":173},[57,117146,170],{"class":169},[57,117148,270],{"class":71},[57,117150,72],{"class":71},[57,117152,1561],{"class":75},[57,117154,79],{"class":71},[57,117156,1617],{"class":75},[57,117158,13936],{"class":71},[57,117160,117161,117163,117165,117167,117169,117171],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,117162,115927],{"class":63},[57,117164,68],{"class":67},[57,117166,12390],{"class":63},[57,117168,620],{"class":71},[57,117170,13141],{"class":113},[57,117172,8870],{"class":71},[57,117174,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183,117185,117187,117189],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,117176,115947],{"class":63},[57,117178,68],{"class":67},[57,117180,115932],{"class":63},[57,117182,620],{"class":71},[57,117184,115956],{"class":113},[57,117186,105],{"class":71},[57,117188,12362],{"class":113},[57,117190,316],{"class":71},[57,117192,117193],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,117194,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117196,117197,117199,117201,117203,117205,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,117198,12362],{"class":63},[57,117200,1785],{"class":71},[57,117202,170],{"class":169},[57,117204,498],{"class":173},[57,117206,170],{"class":169},[57,117208,13780],{"class":71},[57,117210,13783],{"class":113},[57,117212,105],{"class":71},[57,117214,37072],{"class":75},[57,117216,316],{"class":71},[57,117218,117219],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,117220,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117222,117223,117225,117227,117229,117231],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,117224,102],{"class":101},[57,117226,105],{"class":71},[57,117228,12362],{"class":113},[57,117230,1959],{"class":71},[57,117232,117233],{"class":3903},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,117235,117236,117238,117240,117242,117244],{"class":59,"line":6666},[57,117237,102],{"class":101},[57,117239,105],{"class":71},[57,117241,116010],{"class":113},[57,117243,1959],{"class":71},[57,117245,117246],{"class":3903},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[57,117248,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257],{"class":59,"line":11823},[57,117250,102],{"class":101},[57,117252,105],{"class":71},[57,117254,116024],{"class":113},[57,117256,1959],{"class":71},[57,117258,117259],{"class":3903},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117261,117262],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[43,117264,117266],{"id":117265},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117268,117269],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[30,117271,117272,117275,117278,117281],{},[33,117273,117274],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[33,117276,117277],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[33,117279,117280],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[33,117282,117283],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117285,117286],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[48,117288,117290],{"className":50,"code":117289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117291,117292,117300,117308,117312,117320,117324,117336],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117293,117294,117296,117298],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117295,686],{"class":63},[57,117297,68],{"class":67},[57,117299,2832],{"class":75},[57,117301,117302,117304,117306],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117303,696],{"class":63},[57,117305,68],{"class":67},[57,117307,36407],{"class":63},[57,117309,117310],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,117311,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117313,117314,117316,117318],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,117315,696],{"class":63},[57,117317,68],{"class":67},[57,117319,14845],{"class":75},[57,117321,117322],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,117323,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117325,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,117327,102],{"class":101},[57,117329,105],{"class":71},[57,117331,614],{"class":113},[57,117333,1959],{"class":71},[57,117335,27025],{"class":3903},[57,117337,117338,117340,117342,117344,117346],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,117339,102],{"class":101},[57,117341,105],{"class":71},[57,117343,4993],{"class":113},[57,117345,1959],{"class":71},[57,117347,27846],{"class":3903},[20,117349,93506,117350,117353],{},[614,117351,117352],{"href":12294},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[43,117355,1829],{"id":1828},[20,117357,117358],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[30,117360,117361,117365,117370,117375,117378],{},[33,117362,443,117363,57003],{},[15,117364,68],{},[33,117366,443,117367,117369],{},[15,117368,55820],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[33,117371,443,117372,117374],{},[15,117373,12663],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[33,117376,117377],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[33,117379,117380],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117382,117383],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[48,117385,117387],{"className":50,"code":117386,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117388,117389,117403,117417,117439,117470],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117390,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399,117401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117392,102],{"class":101},[57,117394,105],{"class":71},[57,117396,12315],{"class":113},[57,117398,1481],{"class":1962},[57,117400,14615],{"class":113},[57,117402,316],{"class":71},[57,117404,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413,117415],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117406,102],{"class":101},[57,117408,105],{"class":71},[57,117410,12315],{"class":113},[57,117412,4920],{"class":67},[57,117414,14615],{"class":113},[57,117416,316],{"class":71},[57,117418,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,117420,102],{"class":101},[57,117422,105],{"class":71},[57,117424,12878],{"class":101},[57,117426,105],{"class":71},[57,117428,12362],{"class":113},[57,117430,9460],{"class":71},[57,117432,15047],{"class":101},[57,117434,105],{"class":71},[57,117436,14561],{"class":113},[57,117438,117],{"class":71},[57,117440,117441,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455,117458,117460,117462,117464,117466,117468],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,117442,102],{"class":101},[57,117444,105],{"class":71},[57,117446,12878],{"class":101},[57,117448,105],{"class":71},[57,117450,12362],{"class":113},[57,117452,1785],{"class":71},[57,117454,1294],{"class":75},[57,117456,117457],{"class":71},"]),",[57,117459,15047],{"class":101},[57,117461,105],{"class":71},[57,117463,14561],{"class":113},[57,117465,1785],{"class":71},[57,117467,1294],{"class":75},[57,117469,3242],{"class":71},[57,117471,117472,117474,117476,117478,117480,117482],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,117473,102],{"class":101},[57,117475,105],{"class":71},[57,117477,1886],{"class":1102},[57,117479,105],{"class":71},[57,117481,12362],{"class":113},[57,117483,117],{"class":71},[20,117485,117486],{},"What they tell you:",[30,117488,117489,117494,117499,117504,117514],{},[33,117490,117491,117493],{},[15,117492,1481],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[33,117495,117496,117498],{},[15,117497,4920],{}," checks whether values are equal",[33,117500,117501,117503],{},[15,117502,43713],{}," shows the identity of an object",[33,117505,117506,117507,1242,117510,117513],{},"comparing ",[15,117508,117509],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117511,117512],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[33,117515,117516,117518],{},[15,117517,2552],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[43,117520,2011],{"id":2010},[943,117522,117524],{"id":117523},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117526,117527],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[943,117529,57489],{"id":57404},[20,117531,117532],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[943,117534,117536],{"id":117535},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117538,117539],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[943,117541,117543],{"id":117542},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117545,117546],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[943,117548,117550],{"id":117549},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117552,117553],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[43,117555,2135],{"id":2134},[30,117557,117558,117563,117569,117575,117579],{},[33,117559,117560],{},[614,117561,117562],{"href":12294},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[33,117564,117565],{},[614,117566,13,117567,10968],{"href":55179},[15,117568,55820],{},[33,117570,117571],{},[614,117572,13,117573,10968],{"href":12660},[15,117574,12663],{},[33,117576,117577],{},[614,117578,15195],{"href":57439},[33,117580,117581],{},[614,117582,117583],{"href":58713},"What is a list in Python?",[2172,117585,117586],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":117588},[117589,117590,117591,117592,117593,117594,117599,117600,117601,117602,117603,117604,117611],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":116044,"depth":98,"text":116045},{"id":116065,"depth":98,"text":116066},{"id":116308,"depth":98,"text":116309},{"id":116448,"depth":98,"text":116449},{"id":116564,"depth":98,"text":116565,"children":117595},[117596,117597,117598],{"id":116571,"depth":120,"text":116572},{"id":116640,"depth":120,"text":116641},{"id":116739,"depth":120,"text":116740},{"id":116853,"depth":98,"text":116854},{"id":116985,"depth":98,"text":116986},{"id":117099,"depth":98,"text":117100},{"id":117265,"depth":98,"text":117266},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":117605},[117606,117607,117608,117609,117610],{"id":117523,"depth":120,"text":117524},{"id":57404,"depth":120,"text":57489},{"id":117535,"depth":120,"text":117536},{"id":117542,"depth":120,"text":117543},{"id":117549,"depth":120,"text":117550},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115845,"description":117612},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117618,"title":117619,"body":117620,"description":119477,"extension":2219,"meta":119478,"navigation":123,"path":119479,"seo":119480,"stem":119481,"__hash__":119482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117621,"toc":119435},[117622,117627,117632,117640,117642,117710,117715,117720,117735,117738,117740,117771,117773,117793,117796,117811,117813,117816,117889,117891,117936,117938,117949,117954,117958,117963,117966,118005,118007,118027,118030,118087,118089,118124,118127,118166,118168,118188,118191,118222,118224,118280,118282,118287,118358,118360,118393,118398,118403,118468,118470,118507,118510,118587,118589,118649,118656,118661,118664,118667,118748,118750,118791,118796,118799,118877,118879,118912,118921,118928,118931,118942,118945,118956,118960,118968,118977,118981,118986,118990,118995,119038,119041,119047,119050,119052,119099,119104,119108,119111,119160,119162,119183,119186,119188,119213,119216,119337,119342,119344,119349,119352,119357,119360,119368,119373,119380,119383,119391,119394,119396,119432],[10,117623,13,117625,18],{"id":117624},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117626,619],{},[20,117628,117629,117631],{},[15,117630,619],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117633,117634,117635,2441,117637,117639],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117636,78075],{},[15,117638,619],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[43,117641,3850],{"id":3849},[48,117643,117645],{"className":50,"code":117644,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117646,117647,117667,117681,117685,117697],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117648,117649,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661,117663,117665],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117650,64],{"class":63},[57,117652,68],{"class":67},[57,117654,72],{"class":71},[57,117656,76],{"class":75},[57,117658,79],{"class":71},[57,117660,5729],{"class":75},[57,117662,79],{"class":71},[57,117664,87],{"class":75},[57,117666,95],{"class":71},[57,117668,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117670,1336],{"class":63},[57,117672,68],{"class":67},[57,117674,74766],{"class":101},[57,117676,105],{"class":71},[57,117678,114],{"class":113},[57,117680,316],{"class":71},[57,117682,117683],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,117684,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117686,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,117688,102],{"class":101},[57,117690,105],{"class":71},[57,117692,1368],{"class":113},[57,117694,1959],{"class":71},[57,117696,55907],{"class":3903},[57,117698,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,117700,102],{"class":101},[57,117702,105],{"class":71},[57,117704,114],{"class":113},[57,117706,1959],{"class":71},[57,117708,117709],{"class":3903},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117711,117712,117714],{},[15,117713,619],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[43,117716,262,117718,265],{"id":117717},"what-sorted-does",[15,117719,619],{},[30,117721,117722,117726,117729,117732],{},[33,117723,117724,63144],{},[15,117725,619],{},[33,117727,117728],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[33,117730,117731],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[33,117733,117734],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117736,117737],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[43,117739,294],{"id":293},[48,117741,117743],{"className":50,"code":117742,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117744,117745],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117746,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767,117769],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117748,1763],{"class":101},[57,117750,105],{"class":71},[57,117752,313],{"class":113},[57,117754,79],{"class":71},[57,117756,335],{"class":334},[57,117758,68],{"class":67},[57,117760,1524],{"class":1523},[57,117762,79],{"class":71},[57,117764,78278],{"class":334},[57,117766,68],{"class":67},[57,117768,3914],{"class":1523},[57,117770,316],{"class":71},[943,117772,17625],{"id":17624},[30,117774,117775,117780,117785],{},[33,117776,117777,117779],{},[15,117778,313],{},": the values to sort",[33,117781,117782,117784],{},[15,117783,432],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[33,117786,117787,117789,117790,117792],{},[15,117788,73788],{},": set to ",[15,117791,3845],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117794,117795],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[48,117797,117799],{"className":50,"code":117798,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117800,117801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117802,117803,117805,117807,117809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117804,1763],{"class":101},[57,117806,105],{"class":71},[57,117808,60525],{"class":113},[57,117810,316],{"class":71},[43,117812,11703],{"id":11702},[20,117814,117815],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[48,117817,117819],{"className":50,"code":117818,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117820,117821,117845,117849,117864,117868,117879],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117822,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117824,64],{"class":63},[57,117826,68],{"class":67},[57,117828,72],{"class":71},[57,117830,2389],{"class":75},[57,117832,79],{"class":71},[57,117834,87],{"class":75},[57,117836,79],{"class":71},[57,117838,82],{"class":75},[57,117840,79],{"class":71},[57,117842,5729],{"class":75},[57,117844,95],{"class":71},[57,117846,117847],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117848,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117850,117851,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,117852,117853],{"class":63},"sorted_numbers ",[57,117855,68],{"class":67},[57,117857,74766],{"class":101},[57,117859,105],{"class":71},[57,117861,114],{"class":113},[57,117863,316],{"class":71},[57,117865,117866],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,117867,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,117869,117870,117872,117874,117877],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,117871,102],{"class":101},[57,117873,105],{"class":71},[57,117875,117876],{"class":113},"sorted_numbers",[57,117878,316],{"class":71},[57,117880,117881,117883,117885,117887],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,117882,102],{"class":101},[57,117884,105],{"class":71},[57,117886,114],{"class":113},[57,117888,316],{"class":71},[20,117890,216],{},[48,117892,117894],{"className":50,"code":117893,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117895,117896,117916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117897,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117899,1785],{"class":71},[57,117901,3231],{"class":75},[57,117903,79],{"class":71},[57,117905,87],{"class":75},[57,117907,79],{"class":71},[57,117909,92],{"class":75},[57,117911,79],{"class":71},[57,117913,82],{"class":75},[57,117915,95],{"class":71},[57,117917,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117919,1785],{"class":71},[57,117921,2389],{"class":75},[57,117923,79],{"class":71},[57,117925,87],{"class":75},[57,117927,79],{"class":71},[57,117929,82],{"class":75},[57,117931,79],{"class":71},[57,117933,5729],{"class":75},[57,117935,95],{"class":71},[20,117937,13993],{},[30,117939,117940,117945],{},[33,117941,117942,117944],{},[15,117943,117876],{}," is a new sorted list",[33,117946,117947,112481],{},[15,117948,114],{},[20,117950,117951,117952,620],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[614,117953,78585],{"href":78584},[43,117955,117957],{"id":117956},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117959,117960,117962],{},[15,117961,619],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[943,117964,117965],{"id":8321},"List",[48,117967,117969],{"className":50,"code":117968,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117970,117971,117991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,117972,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,117974,64],{"class":63},[57,117976,68],{"class":67},[57,117978,72],{"class":71},[57,117980,76],{"class":75},[57,117982,79],{"class":71},[57,117984,5729],{"class":75},[57,117986,79],{"class":71},[57,117988,87],{"class":75},[57,117990,95],{"class":71},[57,117992,117993,117995,117997,117999,118001,118003],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,117994,102],{"class":101},[57,117996,105],{"class":71},[57,117998,1763],{"class":101},[57,118000,105],{"class":71},[57,118002,114],{"class":113},[57,118004,117],{"class":71},[20,118006,216],{},[48,118008,118009],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118010,118011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118012,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118014,1785],{"class":71},[57,118016,3231],{"class":75},[57,118018,79],{"class":71},[57,118020,87],{"class":75},[57,118022,79],{"class":71},[57,118024,1793],{"class":75},[57,118026,95],{"class":71},[943,118028,118029],{"id":49174},"Tuple",[48,118031,118033],{"className":50,"code":118032,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118034,118035,118055,118069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118036,118037,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118038,4061],{"class":63},[57,118040,68],{"class":67},[57,118042,9463],{"class":71},[57,118044,76],{"class":75},[57,118046,79],{"class":71},[57,118048,5729],{"class":75},[57,118050,79],{"class":71},[57,118052,87],{"class":75},[57,118054,316],{"class":71},[57,118056,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118058,102],{"class":101},[57,118060,105],{"class":71},[57,118062,1763],{"class":101},[57,118064,105],{"class":71},[57,118066,5589],{"class":113},[57,118068,117],{"class":71},[57,118070,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,118072,102],{"class":101},[57,118074,105],{"class":71},[57,118076,1886],{"class":1102},[57,118078,105],{"class":71},[57,118080,1763],{"class":101},[57,118082,105],{"class":71},[57,118084,5589],{"class":113},[57,118086,1225],{"class":71},[20,118088,216],{},[48,118090,118092],{"className":50,"code":118091,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118093,118094,118110],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118095,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118097,1785],{"class":71},[57,118099,3231],{"class":75},[57,118101,79],{"class":71},[57,118103,87],{"class":75},[57,118105,79],{"class":71},[57,118107,1793],{"class":75},[57,118109,95],{"class":71},[57,118111,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118113,3532],{"class":67},[57,118115,3535],{"class":1208},[57,118117,3538],{"class":169},[57,118119,8321],{"class":173},[57,118121,3543],{"class":169},[57,118123,3546],{"class":67},[943,118125,118126],{"id":6517},"Set",[48,118128,118130],{"className":50,"code":118129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118131,118132,118152],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118133,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118135,4061],{"class":63},[57,118137,68],{"class":67},[57,118139,10718],{"class":71},[57,118141,76],{"class":75},[57,118143,79],{"class":71},[57,118145,5729],{"class":75},[57,118147,79],{"class":71},[57,118149,87],{"class":75},[57,118151,9536],{"class":71},[57,118153,118154,118156,118158,118160,118162,118164],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118155,102],{"class":101},[57,118157,105],{"class":71},[57,118159,1763],{"class":101},[57,118161,105],{"class":71},[57,118163,5589],{"class":113},[57,118165,117],{"class":71},[20,118167,216],{},[48,118169,118170],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118171,118172],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118173,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118175,1785],{"class":71},[57,118177,3231],{"class":75},[57,118179,79],{"class":71},[57,118181,87],{"class":75},[57,118183,79],{"class":71},[57,118185,1793],{"class":75},[57,118187,95],{"class":71},[943,118189,118190],{"id":61392},"String",[48,118192,118194],{"className":50,"code":118193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118195,118196,118208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118197,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118199,34918],{"class":63},[57,118201,68],{"class":67},[57,118203,181],{"class":169},[57,118205,52],{"class":173},[57,118207,3602],{"class":169},[57,118209,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118211,102],{"class":101},[57,118213,105],{"class":71},[57,118215,1763],{"class":101},[57,118217,105],{"class":71},[57,118219,1222],{"class":113},[57,118221,117],{"class":71},[20,118223,216],{},[48,118225,118226],{"className":50,"code":79598,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118227,118228],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118229,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260,118262,118264,118266,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118231,1785],{"class":71},[57,118233,3543],{"class":169},[57,118235,60656],{"class":173},[57,118237,3543],{"class":169},[57,118239,79],{"class":71},[57,118241,3538],{"class":169},[57,118243,76238],{"class":173},[57,118245,3543],{"class":169},[57,118247,79],{"class":71},[57,118249,3538],{"class":169},[57,118251,60691],{"class":173},[57,118253,3543],{"class":169},[57,118255,79],{"class":71},[57,118257,3538],{"class":169},[57,118259,20],{"class":173},[57,118261,3543],{"class":169},[57,118263,79],{"class":71},[57,118265,3538],{"class":169},[57,118267,63505],{"class":173},[57,118269,3543],{"class":169},[57,118271,79],{"class":71},[57,118273,3538],{"class":169},[57,118275,11974],{"class":173},[57,118277,3543],{"class":169},[57,118279,95],{"class":71},[943,118281,29454],{"id":15835},[20,118283,63758,118284,118286],{},[15,118285,619],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[48,118288,118290],{"className":50,"code":118289,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118291,118292,118344],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118293,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118295,13435],{"class":63},[57,118297,68],{"class":67},[57,118299,10718],{"class":71},[57,118301,170],{"class":169},[57,118303,7898],{"class":173},[57,118305,170],{"class":169},[57,118307,270],{"class":71},[57,118309,181],{"class":169},[57,118311,13110],{"class":173},[57,118313,170],{"class":169},[57,118315,79],{"class":71},[57,118317,181],{"class":169},[57,118319,9526],{"class":173},[57,118321,170],{"class":169},[57,118323,270],{"class":71},[57,118325,1617],{"class":75},[57,118327,79],{"class":71},[57,118329,181],{"class":169},[57,118331,10636],{"class":173},[57,118333,170],{"class":169},[57,118335,270],{"class":71},[57,118337,181],{"class":169},[57,118339,16261],{"class":173},[57,118341,170],{"class":169},[57,118343,9536],{"class":71},[57,118345,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118347,102],{"class":101},[57,118349,105],{"class":71},[57,118351,1763],{"class":101},[57,118353,105],{"class":71},[57,118355,17537],{"class":113},[57,118357,117],{"class":71},[20,118359,216],{},[48,118361,118363],{"className":50,"code":118362,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118364,118365],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118366,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118368,1785],{"class":71},[57,118370,3543],{"class":169},[57,118372,9526],{"class":173},[57,118374,3543],{"class":169},[57,118376,79],{"class":71},[57,118378,3538],{"class":169},[57,118380,10636],{"class":173},[57,118382,3543],{"class":169},[57,118384,79],{"class":71},[57,118386,3538],{"class":169},[57,118388,7898],{"class":173},[57,118390,3543],{"class":169},[57,118392,95],{"class":71},[43,118394,443,118396],{"id":118395},"using-reversetrue",[15,118397,78299],{},[20,118399,1806,118400,118402],{},[15,118401,78299],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[48,118404,118406],{"className":50,"code":118405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118407,118408,118428,118432,118446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118409,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118411,64],{"class":63},[57,118413,68],{"class":67},[57,118415,72],{"class":71},[57,118417,76],{"class":75},[57,118419,79],{"class":71},[57,118421,5729],{"class":75},[57,118423,79],{"class":71},[57,118425,87],{"class":75},[57,118427,95],{"class":71},[57,118429,118430],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118431,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,118433,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,118435,102],{"class":101},[57,118437,105],{"class":71},[57,118439,1763],{"class":101},[57,118441,105],{"class":71},[57,118443,114],{"class":113},[57,118445,117],{"class":71},[57,118447,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,118449,102],{"class":101},[57,118451,105],{"class":71},[57,118453,1763],{"class":101},[57,118455,105],{"class":71},[57,118457,114],{"class":113},[57,118459,79],{"class":71},[57,118461,78278],{"class":334},[57,118463,68],{"class":67},[57,118465,3845],{"class":1523},[57,118467,117],{"class":71},[20,118469,216],{},[48,118471,118473],{"className":50,"code":118472,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118474,118475,118491],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118476,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118478,1785],{"class":71},[57,118480,3231],{"class":75},[57,118482,79],{"class":71},[57,118484,87],{"class":75},[57,118486,79],{"class":71},[57,118488,1793],{"class":75},[57,118490,95],{"class":71},[57,118492,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501,118503,118505],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118494,1785],{"class":71},[57,118496,76],{"class":75},[57,118498,79],{"class":71},[57,118500,87],{"class":75},[57,118502,79],{"class":71},[57,118504,5729],{"class":75},[57,118506,95],{"class":71},[20,118508,118509],{},"This also works with strings:",[48,118511,118513],{"className":50,"code":118512,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118514,118515,118547,118551,118565],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118516,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525,118527,118529,118531,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118518,162],{"class":63},[57,118520,68],{"class":67},[57,118522,72],{"class":71},[57,118524,170],{"class":169},[57,118526,174],{"class":173},[57,118528,170],{"class":169},[57,118530,79],{"class":71},[57,118532,181],{"class":169},[57,118534,184],{"class":173},[57,118536,170],{"class":169},[57,118538,79],{"class":71},[57,118540,181],{"class":169},[57,118542,4329],{"class":173},[57,118544,170],{"class":169},[57,118546,95],{"class":71},[57,118548,118549],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118550,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,118552,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561,118563],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,118554,102],{"class":101},[57,118556,105],{"class":71},[57,118558,1763],{"class":101},[57,118560,105],{"class":71},[57,118562,211],{"class":113},[57,118564,117],{"class":71},[57,118566,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,118568,102],{"class":101},[57,118570,105],{"class":71},[57,118572,1763],{"class":101},[57,118574,105],{"class":71},[57,118576,211],{"class":113},[57,118578,79],{"class":71},[57,118580,78278],{"class":334},[57,118582,68],{"class":67},[57,118584,3845],{"class":1523},[57,118586,117],{"class":71},[20,118588,216],{},[48,118590,118591],{"className":50,"code":74369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,118592,118593,118621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118594,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617,118619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118596,1785],{"class":71},[57,118598,3543],{"class":169},[57,118600,174],{"class":173},[57,118602,3543],{"class":169},[57,118604,79],{"class":71},[57,118606,3538],{"class":169},[57,118608,184],{"class":173},[57,118610,3543],{"class":169},[57,118612,79],{"class":71},[57,118614,3538],{"class":169},[57,118616,4329],{"class":173},[57,118618,3543],{"class":169},[57,118620,95],{"class":71},[57,118622,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118624,1785],{"class":71},[57,118626,3543],{"class":169},[57,118628,4329],{"class":173},[57,118630,3543],{"class":169},[57,118632,79],{"class":71},[57,118634,3538],{"class":169},[57,118636,184],{"class":173},[57,118638,3543],{"class":169},[57,118640,79],{"class":71},[57,118642,3538],{"class":169},[57,118644,174],{"class":173},[57,118646,3543],{"class":169},[57,118648,95],{"class":71},[43,118650,443,118652,118655],{"id":118651},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118653,118654],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118657,935,118658,118660],{},[15,118659,118654],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118662,118663],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118665,118666],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[48,118668,118670],{"className":50,"code":118669,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118671,118672,118712,118716,118738],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118673,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118675,162],{"class":63},[57,118677,68],{"class":67},[57,118679,72],{"class":71},[57,118681,170],{"class":169},[57,118683,193],{"class":173},[57,118685,170],{"class":169},[57,118687,79],{"class":71},[57,118689,181],{"class":169},[57,118691,38587],{"class":173},[57,118693,170],{"class":169},[57,118695,79],{"class":71},[57,118697,181],{"class":169},[57,118699,184],{"class":173},[57,118701,170],{"class":169},[57,118703,79],{"class":71},[57,118705,181],{"class":169},[57,118707,38570],{"class":173},[57,118709,170],{"class":169},[57,118711,95],{"class":71},[57,118713,118714],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118715,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,118717,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,118719,1336],{"class":63},[57,118721,68],{"class":67},[57,118723,74766],{"class":101},[57,118725,105],{"class":71},[57,118727,211],{"class":113},[57,118729,79],{"class":71},[57,118731,335],{"class":334},[57,118733,68],{"class":67},[57,118735,1007],{"class":101},[57,118737,316],{"class":71},[57,118739,118740,118742,118744,118746],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,118741,102],{"class":101},[57,118743,105],{"class":71},[57,118745,1368],{"class":113},[57,118747,316],{"class":71},[20,118749,216],{},[48,118751,118753],{"className":50,"code":118752,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118754,118755],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118756,118757,118759,118761,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118758,1785],{"class":71},[57,118760,3543],{"class":169},[57,118762,38587],{"class":173},[57,118764,3543],{"class":169},[57,118766,79],{"class":71},[57,118768,3538],{"class":169},[57,118770,193],{"class":173},[57,118772,3543],{"class":169},[57,118774,79],{"class":71},[57,118776,3538],{"class":169},[57,118778,38570],{"class":173},[57,118780,3543],{"class":169},[57,118782,79],{"class":71},[57,118784,3538],{"class":169},[57,118786,184],{"class":173},[57,118788,3543],{"class":169},[57,118790,95],{"class":71},[20,118792,1023,118793,118795],{},[15,118794,1007],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118797,118798],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[48,118800,118802],{"className":50,"code":118801,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118803,118804,118837,118841,118867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118805,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118833,118835],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118807,162],{"class":63},[57,118809,68],{"class":67},[57,118811,72],{"class":71},[57,118813,170],{"class":169},[57,118815,890],{"class":173},[57,118817,170],{"class":169},[57,118819,79],{"class":71},[57,118821,181],{"class":169},[57,118823,174],{"class":173},[57,118825,170],{"class":169},[57,118827,79],{"class":71},[57,118829,181],{"class":169},[57,118831,118832],{"class":173},"Cherry",[57,118834,170],{"class":169},[57,118836,95],{"class":71},[57,118838,118839],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,118840,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,118842,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,118844,1336],{"class":63},[57,118846,68],{"class":67},[57,118848,74766],{"class":101},[57,118850,105],{"class":71},[57,118852,211],{"class":113},[57,118854,79],{"class":71},[57,118856,335],{"class":334},[57,118858,68],{"class":67},[57,118860,1103],{"class":1102},[57,118862,620],{"class":71},[57,118864,1109],{"class":1108},[57,118866,316],{"class":71},[57,118868,118869,118871,118873,118875],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,118870,102],{"class":101},[57,118872,105],{"class":71},[57,118874,1368],{"class":113},[57,118876,316],{"class":71},[20,118878,216],{},[48,118880,118882],{"className":50,"code":118881,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118883,118884],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,118885,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,118887,1785],{"class":71},[57,118889,3543],{"class":169},[57,118891,174],{"class":173},[57,118893,3543],{"class":169},[57,118895,79],{"class":71},[57,118897,3538],{"class":169},[57,118899,890],{"class":173},[57,118901,3543],{"class":169},[57,118903,79],{"class":71},[57,118905,3538],{"class":169},[57,118907,118832],{"class":173},[57,118909,3543],{"class":169},[57,118911,95],{"class":71},[20,118913,118914,118915,35560,118917,620],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118916,1033],{},[614,118918,13,118919,2144],{"href":1037},[15,118920,1033],{},[43,118922,118924,1682,118926],{"id":118923},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118925,619],{},[15,118927,78075],{},[20,118929,118930],{},"The main difference is this:",[30,118932,118933,118938],{},[33,118934,118935,118937],{},[15,118936,619],{}," returns a new list",[33,118939,118940,74173],{},[15,118941,78075],{},[20,118943,118944],{},"Also:",[30,118946,118947,118952],{},[33,118948,118949,118951],{},[15,118950,619],{}," works with many iterables",[33,118953,118954,79504],{},[15,118955,78075],{},[20,118957,1806,118958,10828],{},[15,118959,619],{},[30,118961,118962,118965],{},[33,118963,118964],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[33,118966,118967],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118969,118970,118971,620],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[614,118972,13,118973,1682,118975,1040],{"href":79329},[15,118974,619],{},[15,118976,78075],{},[43,118978,118980],{"id":118979},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118982,118983,118984,620],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118985,619],{},[943,118987,118989],{"id":118988},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118991,118992,118993,270],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118994,1539],{},[48,118996,118998],{"className":50,"code":118997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118999,119000,119024],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119001,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012,119014,119016,119018,119020,119022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119003,4061],{"class":63},[57,119005,68],{"class":67},[57,119007,72],{"class":71},[57,119009,3231],{"class":75},[57,119011,79],{"class":71},[57,119013,181],{"class":169},[57,119015,1788],{"class":173},[57,119017,170],{"class":169},[57,119019,79],{"class":71},[57,119021,1793],{"class":75},[57,119023,95],{"class":71},[57,119025,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119027,102],{"class":101},[57,119029,105],{"class":71},[57,119031,1763],{"class":101},[57,119033,105],{"class":71},[57,119035,5589],{"class":113},[57,119037,117],{"class":71},[20,119039,119040],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[943,119042,119044,119045,2553],{"id":119043},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119046,432],{},[20,119048,119049],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119051,864],{},[48,119053,119055],{"className":50,"code":119054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119056,119057,119077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119058,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067,119069,119071,119073,119075],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119060,64],{"class":63},[57,119062,68],{"class":67},[57,119064,72],{"class":71},[57,119066,1561],{"class":75},[57,119068,79],{"class":71},[57,119070,87],{"class":75},[57,119072,79],{"class":71},[57,119074,1575],{"class":75},[57,119076,95],{"class":71},[57,119078,119079,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119080,102],{"class":101},[57,119082,105],{"class":71},[57,119084,1763],{"class":101},[57,119086,105],{"class":71},[57,119088,114],{"class":113},[57,119090,79],{"class":71},[57,119092,335],{"class":334},[57,119094,68],{"class":67},[57,119096,1007],{"class":101},[57,119098,117],{"class":71},[20,119100,48731,119101,119103],{},[15,119102,1033],{}," does not work on integers.",[943,119105,119107],{"id":119106},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119109,119110],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[48,119112,119114],{"className":50,"code":119113,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119115,119116,119136,119146,119150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119117,119118,119120,119122,119124,119126,119128,119130,119132,119134],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119119,64],{"class":63},[57,119121,68],{"class":67},[57,119123,72],{"class":71},[57,119125,76],{"class":75},[57,119127,79],{"class":71},[57,119129,5729],{"class":75},[57,119131,79],{"class":71},[57,119133,87],{"class":75},[57,119135,95],{"class":71},[57,119137,119138,119140,119142,119144],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119139,1763],{"class":101},[57,119141,105],{"class":71},[57,119143,114],{"class":113},[57,119145,316],{"class":71},[57,119147,119148],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,119149,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,119151,119152,119154,119156,119158],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,119153,102],{"class":101},[57,119155,105],{"class":71},[57,119157,114],{"class":113},[57,119159,316],{"class":71},[20,119161,216],{},[48,119163,119165],{"className":50,"code":119164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119166,119167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119168,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119170,1785],{"class":71},[57,119172,76],{"class":75},[57,119174,79],{"class":71},[57,119176,5729],{"class":75},[57,119178,79],{"class":71},[57,119180,87],{"class":75},[57,119182,95],{"class":71},[20,119184,119185],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[43,119187,1829],{"id":1828},[30,119189,119190,119194,119197,119202,119206],{},[33,119191,4812,119192,74173],{},[15,119193,619],{},[33,119195,119196],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[33,119198,4936,119199,119201],{},[15,119200,619],{}," always returns a list",[33,119203,443,119204,23334],{},[15,119205,118654],{},[33,119207,1837,119208,119210,119211],{},[15,119209,64530],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119212,619],{},[20,119214,119215],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[48,119217,119219],{"className":50,"code":119218,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119220,119221,119243,119269,119307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119222,119223,119225,119227,119229,119231,119233,119235,119237,119239,119241],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119224,102],{"class":101},[57,119226,105],{"class":71},[57,119228,1763],{"class":101},[57,119230,1949],{"class":71},[57,119232,76],{"class":75},[57,119234,79],{"class":71},[57,119236,5729],{"class":75},[57,119238,79],{"class":71},[57,119240,87],{"class":75},[57,119242,3242],{"class":71},[57,119244,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257,119259,119261,119263,119265,119267],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119246,102],{"class":101},[57,119248,105],{"class":71},[57,119250,1886],{"class":1102},[57,119252,105],{"class":71},[57,119254,1763],{"class":101},[57,119256,5742],{"class":71},[57,119258,76],{"class":75},[57,119260,79],{"class":71},[57,119262,5729],{"class":75},[57,119264,79],{"class":71},[57,119266,87],{"class":75},[57,119268,93362],{"class":71},[57,119270,119271,119273,119275,119277,119279,119281,119283,119285,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,119272,102],{"class":101},[57,119274,105],{"class":71},[57,119276,1763],{"class":101},[57,119278,1949],{"class":71},[57,119280,3543],{"class":169},[57,119282,890],{"class":173},[57,119284,3543],{"class":169},[57,119286,79],{"class":71},[57,119288,3538],{"class":169},[57,119290,174],{"class":173},[57,119292,3543],{"class":169},[57,119294,18293],{"class":71},[57,119296,335],{"class":334},[57,119298,68],{"class":67},[57,119300,1103],{"class":1102},[57,119302,620],{"class":71},[57,119304,1109],{"class":1108},[57,119306,117],{"class":71},[57,119308,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,119310,102],{"class":101},[57,119312,105],{"class":71},[57,119314,1763],{"class":101},[57,119316,1949],{"class":71},[57,119318,76],{"class":75},[57,119320,79],{"class":71},[57,119322,5729],{"class":75},[57,119324,79],{"class":71},[57,119326,87],{"class":75},[57,119328,18293],{"class":71},[57,119330,78278],{"class":334},[57,119332,68],{"class":67},[57,119334,3845],{"class":1523},[57,119336,117],{"class":71},[20,119338,119339,119340,620],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[614,119341,52990],{"href":51200},[43,119343,2011],{"id":2010},[943,119345,12933,119347,57383],{"id":119346},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119348,619],{},[20,119350,119351],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[943,119353,2015,119355,12945],{"id":119354},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119356,619],{},[20,119358,119359],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[943,119361,119363,119364,11320,119366,2053],{"id":119362},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119365,619],{},[15,119367,78075],{},[20,119369,1806,119370,119372],{},[15,119371,619],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[943,119374,2015,119376,86446,119378,2053],{"id":119375},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119377,118654],{},[15,119379,619],{},[20,119381,119382],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[943,119384,5389,119386,119388,119389,2053],{"id":119385},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119387,619],{}," give a ",[15,119390,1539],{},[20,119392,119393],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[43,119395,2135],{"id":2134},[30,119397,119398,119402,119410,119414,119420,119426],{},[33,119399,119400],{},[614,119401,80076],{"href":78584},[33,119403,119404],{},[614,119405,13,119406,1682,119408,1040],{"href":79329},[15,119407,619],{},[15,119409,78075],{},[33,119411,119412],{},[614,119413,52990],{"href":51200},[33,119415,119416],{},[614,119417,13,119418,2144],{"href":1037},[15,119419,1033],{},[33,119421,119422],{},[614,119423,13,119424,2144],{"href":92018},[15,119425,35980],{},[33,119427,119428],{},[614,119429,13,119430,2144],{"href":36427},[15,119431,36430],{},[2172,119433,119434],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":119436},[119437,119438,119440,119443,119444,119451,119453,119455,119457,119463,119464,119476],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":117717,"depth":98,"text":119439},"What sorted() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":119441},[119442],{"id":17624,"depth":120,"text":17625},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":117956,"depth":98,"text":117957,"children":119445},[119446,119447,119448,119449,119450],{"id":8321,"depth":120,"text":117965},{"id":49174,"depth":120,"text":118029},{"id":6517,"depth":120,"text":118126},{"id":61392,"depth":120,"text":118190},{"id":15835,"depth":120,"text":29454},{"id":118395,"depth":98,"text":119452},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118651,"depth":98,"text":119454},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118923,"depth":98,"text":119456},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118979,"depth":98,"text":118980,"children":119458},[119459,119460,119462],{"id":118988,"depth":120,"text":118989},{"id":119043,"depth":120,"text":119461},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119106,"depth":120,"text":119107},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":119465},[119466,119468,119470,119472,119474],{"id":119346,"depth":120,"text":119467},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119354,"depth":120,"text":119469},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119362,"depth":120,"text":119471},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119375,"depth":120,"text":119473},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119385,"depth":120,"text":119475},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117619,"description":119477},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119484,"title":119485,"body":119486,"description":121597,"extension":2219,"meta":121598,"navigation":123,"path":79329,"seo":121599,"stem":121600,"__hash__":121601},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119487,"toc":121544},[119488,119495,119498,119508,119514,119517,119535,119543,119545,119604,119612,119616,119638,119642,119646,119648,119665,119667,119679,119685,119769,119773,119820,119826,119833,119837,119842,119844,119856,119861,119914,119918,119938,119945,119952,119956,119959,119978,119982,120096,120100,120170,120172,120184,120189,120193,120206,120210,120285,120289,120328,120335,120341,120346,120350,120364,120368,120433,120437,120470,120473,120478,120486,120493,120506,120509,120513,120596,120600,120637,120641,120744,120748,120809,120814,120821,120825,120828,120834,120837,120904,120908,120932,120934,120952,120959,121012,121016,121036,121042,121044,121101,121108,121134,121139,121144,121152,121158,121218,121222,121269,121272,121274,121277,121303,121306,121399,121401,121421,121425,121428,121446,121452,121454,121462,121467,121474,121477,121483,121486,121492,121500,121508,121513,121515,121541],[10,119489,13,119491,1682,119493,93076],{"id":119490},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119492,619],{},[15,119494,78075],{},[20,119496,119497],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[30,119499,119500,119504],{},[33,119501,119502],{},[15,119503,619],{},[33,119505,119506],{},[15,119507,78075],{},[20,119509,119510,119511,119513],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[1399,119512,1401],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119515,119516],{},"The main difference is simple:",[30,119518,119519,119527],{},[33,119520,1806,119521,119523,119524],{},[15,119522,619],{}," when you want a ",[1399,119525,119526],{},"new sorted result",[33,119528,1806,119529,119531,119532],{},[15,119530,78075],{}," when you want to ",[1399,119533,119534],{},"change the original list",[20,119536,119537,119538,2646,119540,119542],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119539,78075],{},[15,119541,1524],{}," and causes confusion.",[43,119544,3850],{"id":3849},[48,119546,119548],{"className":50,"code":119547,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119549,119550,119570,119574,119591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119551,119552,119554,119556,119558,119560,119562,119564,119566,119568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119553,64],{"class":63},[57,119555,68],{"class":67},[57,119557,72],{"class":71},[57,119559,76],{"class":75},[57,119561,79],{"class":71},[57,119563,5729],{"class":75},[57,119565,79],{"class":71},[57,119567,87],{"class":75},[57,119569,95],{"class":71},[57,119571,119572],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119573,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,119575,119576,119578,119580,119582,119584,119586,119588],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,119577,56109],{"class":63},[57,119579,68],{"class":67},[57,119581,74766],{"class":101},[57,119583,105],{"class":71},[57,119585,114],{"class":113},[57,119587,1959],{"class":71},[57,119589,119590],{"class":3903},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[57,119592,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,119594,114],{"class":63},[57,119596,620],{"class":71},[57,119598,35029],{"class":113},[57,119600,1475],{"class":71},[57,119602,119603],{"class":3903},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119605,1806,119606,119608,119609,119611],{},[15,119607,619],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119610,78075],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[43,119613,119615],{"id":119614},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[30,119617,119618,119623,119628,119635],{},[33,119619,1806,119620,119622],{},[15,119621,619],{}," to get a new sorted list",[33,119624,1806,119625,119627],{},[15,119626,78075],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[33,119629,119630,119631,2646,119633],{},"Understand why ",[15,119632,78075],{},[15,119634,1524],{},[33,119636,119637],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[43,119639,262,119640,265],{"id":117717},[15,119641,619],{},[20,119643,119644,63144],{},[15,119645,619],{},[20,119647,49148],{},[30,119649,119650,119656,119662],{},[33,119651,119652,119653],{},"returns a ",[1399,119654,119655],{},"new list",[33,119657,119658,119659,119661],{},"does ",[1399,119660,1401],{}," change the original data",[33,119663,119664],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119666,51354],{},[30,119668,119669,119671,119673,119675,119677],{},[33,119670,5530],{},[33,119672,5533],{},[33,119674,5539],{},[33,119676,5536],{},[33,119678,36141],{},[943,119680,35308,119682,119684],{"id":119681},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119683,619],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[48,119686,119688],{"className":50,"code":119687,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119689,119690,119710,119714,119728,119732,119750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119691,119692,119694,119696,119698,119700,119702,119704,119706,119708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119693,64],{"class":63},[57,119695,68],{"class":67},[57,119697,72],{"class":71},[57,119699,76],{"class":75},[57,119701,79],{"class":71},[57,119703,5729],{"class":75},[57,119705,79],{"class":71},[57,119707,87],{"class":75},[57,119709,95],{"class":71},[57,119711,119712],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119713,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,119715,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724,119726],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,119717,1336],{"class":63},[57,119719,68],{"class":67},[57,119721,74766],{"class":101},[57,119723,105],{"class":71},[57,119725,114],{"class":113},[57,119727,316],{"class":71},[57,119729,119730],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,119731,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,119733,119734,119736,119738,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,119735,102],{"class":101},[57,119737,105],{"class":71},[57,119739,170],{"class":169},[57,119741,12383],{"class":173},[57,119743,170],{"class":169},[57,119745,79],{"class":71},[57,119747,4495],{"class":113},[57,119749,316],{"class":71},[57,119751,119752,119754,119756,119758,119761,119763,119765,119767],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,119753,102],{"class":101},[57,119755,105],{"class":71},[57,119757,170],{"class":169},[57,119759,119760],{"class":173},"sorted result:",[57,119762,170],{"class":169},[57,119764,79],{"class":71},[57,119766,81419],{"class":113},[57,119768,316],{"class":71},[20,119770,119771],{},[1399,119772,216],{},[48,119774,119776],{"className":50,"code":119775,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119777,119778,119798],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119779,119780,119782,119784,119786,119788,119790,119792,119794,119796],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119781,12362],{"class":63},[57,119783,270],{"class":71},[57,119785,72],{"class":71},[57,119787,76],{"class":75},[57,119789,79],{"class":71},[57,119791,5729],{"class":75},[57,119793,79],{"class":71},[57,119795,87],{"class":75},[57,119797,95],{"class":71},[57,119799,119800,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119801,1763],{"class":101},[57,119803,81419],{"class":63},[57,119805,270],{"class":71},[57,119807,72],{"class":71},[57,119809,3231],{"class":75},[57,119811,79],{"class":71},[57,119813,87],{"class":75},[57,119815,79],{"class":71},[57,119817,1793],{"class":75},[57,119819,95],{"class":71},[20,119821,119822,119823,119825],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119824,114],{}," stays the same.",[20,119827,119828,119829,620],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[614,119830,13,119831,2144],{"href":616},[15,119832,619],{},[43,119834,262,119835,265],{"id":78141},[15,119836,78075],{},[20,119838,119839,119841],{},[15,119840,64530],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119843,49148],{},[30,119845,119846,119849,119852],{},[33,119847,119848],{},"changes the original list directly",[33,119850,119851],{},"only works on lists",[33,119853,3931,119854],{},[15,119855,1524],{},[943,119857,35308,119859,74173],{"id":119858},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119860,78075],{},[48,119862,119864],{"className":50,"code":119863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119865,119866,119886,119890,119900,119904],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119867,119868,119870,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119869,64],{"class":63},[57,119871,68],{"class":67},[57,119873,72],{"class":71},[57,119875,76],{"class":75},[57,119877,79],{"class":71},[57,119879,5729],{"class":75},[57,119881,79],{"class":71},[57,119883,87],{"class":75},[57,119885,95],{"class":71},[57,119887,119888],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,119889,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,119891,119892,119894,119896,119898],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,119893,114],{"class":63},[57,119895,620],{"class":71},[57,119897,35029],{"class":113},[57,119899,8870],{"class":71},[57,119901,119902],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,119903,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,119905,119906,119908,119910,119912],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,119907,102],{"class":101},[57,119909,105],{"class":71},[57,119911,114],{"class":113},[57,119913,316],{"class":71},[20,119915,119916],{},[1399,119917,216],{},[48,119919,119920],{"className":50,"code":55369,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,119921,119922],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119923,119924,119926,119928,119930,119932,119934,119936],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119925,1785],{"class":71},[57,119927,3231],{"class":75},[57,119929,79],{"class":71},[57,119931,87],{"class":75},[57,119933,79],{"class":71},[57,119935,1793],{"class":75},[57,119937,95],{"class":71},[20,119939,119940,119941,119944],{},"After calling ",[15,119942,119943],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119946,119947,119948,620],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[614,119949,13,119950,10968],{"href":74983},[15,119951,78075],{},[43,119953,119955],{"id":119954},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119957,119958],{},"Here is the core difference:",[30,119960,119961,119970],{},[33,119962,119963,119966,119967],{},[15,119964,119965],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[1399,119968,119969],{},"new sorted list",[33,119971,119972,119975,119976,74543],{},[15,119973,119974],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119977,8567],{},[943,119979,119981],{"id":119980},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[48,119983,119985],{"className":50,"code":119984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119986,119987,120007,120011,120025,120044,120063,120067,120077],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,119988,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,119990,64],{"class":63},[57,119992,68],{"class":67},[57,119994,72],{"class":71},[57,119996,2389],{"class":75},[57,119998,79],{"class":71},[57,120000,87],{"class":75},[57,120002,79],{"class":71},[57,120004,2706],{"class":75},[57,120006,95],{"class":71},[57,120008,120009],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120010,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120012,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021,120023],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120014,686],{"class":63},[57,120016,68],{"class":67},[57,120018,74766],{"class":101},[57,120020,105],{"class":71},[57,120022,114],{"class":113},[57,120024,316],{"class":71},[57,120026,120027,120029,120031,120033,120036,120038,120040,120042],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,120028,102],{"class":101},[57,120030,105],{"class":71},[57,120032,170],{"class":169},[57,120034,120035],{"class":173},"numbers after sorted():",[57,120037,170],{"class":169},[57,120039,79],{"class":71},[57,120041,4495],{"class":113},[57,120043,316],{"class":71},[57,120045,120046,120048,120050,120052,120055,120057,120059,120061],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,120047,102],{"class":101},[57,120049,105],{"class":71},[57,120051,170],{"class":169},[57,120053,120054],{"class":173},"a:",[57,120056,170],{"class":169},[57,120058,79],{"class":71},[57,120060,57107],{"class":113},[57,120062,316],{"class":71},[57,120064,120065],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,120066,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120068,120069,120071,120073,120075],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,120070,114],{"class":63},[57,120072,620],{"class":71},[57,120074,35029],{"class":113},[57,120076,8870],{"class":71},[57,120078,120079,120081,120083,120085,120088,120090,120092,120094],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,120080,102],{"class":101},[57,120082,105],{"class":71},[57,120084,170],{"class":169},[57,120086,120087],{"class":173},"numbers after sort():",[57,120089,170],{"class":169},[57,120091,79],{"class":71},[57,120093,4495],{"class":113},[57,120095,316],{"class":71},[20,120097,120098],{},[1399,120099,216],{},[48,120101,120103],{"className":50,"code":120102,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120104,120105,120128,120148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120106,120107,120110,120112,120114,120116,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120108,120109],{"class":63},"numbers after ",[57,120111,1763],{"class":101},[57,120113,29815],{"class":71},[57,120115,72],{"class":71},[57,120117,2389],{"class":75},[57,120119,79],{"class":71},[57,120121,87],{"class":75},[57,120123,79],{"class":71},[57,120125,2706],{"class":75},[57,120127,95],{"class":71},[57,120129,120130,120132,120134,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120131,614],{"class":63},[57,120133,270],{"class":71},[57,120135,72],{"class":71},[57,120137,1788],{"class":75},[57,120139,79],{"class":71},[57,120141,2706],{"class":75},[57,120143,79],{"class":71},[57,120145,92],{"class":75},[57,120147,95],{"class":71},[57,120149,120150,120152,120154,120156,120158,120160,120162,120164,120166,120168],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120151,120109],{"class":63},[57,120153,35029],{"class":113},[57,120155,29815],{"class":71},[57,120157,72],{"class":71},[57,120159,1788],{"class":75},[57,120161,79],{"class":71},[57,120163,2706],{"class":75},[57,120165,79],{"class":71},[57,120167,92],{"class":75},[57,120169,95],{"class":71},[20,120171,10940],{},[30,120173,120174,120179],{},[33,120175,120176,120178],{},[15,120177,619],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[33,120180,120181,120183],{},[15,120182,64530],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[43,120185,5194,120187],{"id":120186},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120188,619],{},[20,120190,1806,120191,10828],{},[15,120192,619],{},[30,120194,120195,120198,120200,120203],{},[33,120196,120197],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[33,120199,118967],{},[33,120201,120202],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[33,120204,120205],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[943,120207,120209],{"id":120208},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[48,120211,120213],{"className":50,"code":120212,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120214,120215,120239,120243,120257,120261,120271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120218,64],{"class":63},[57,120220,68],{"class":67},[57,120222,9463],{"class":71},[57,120224,647],{"class":75},[57,120226,79],{"class":71},[57,120228,5729],{"class":75},[57,120230,79],{"class":71},[57,120232,1793],{"class":75},[57,120234,79],{"class":71},[57,120236,87],{"class":75},[57,120238,316],{"class":71},[57,120240,120241],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120242,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120244,120245,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120246,1336],{"class":63},[57,120248,68],{"class":67},[57,120250,74766],{"class":101},[57,120252,105],{"class":71},[57,120254,114],{"class":113},[57,120256,316],{"class":71},[57,120258,120259],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,120260,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120262,120263,120265,120267,120269],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,120264,102],{"class":101},[57,120266,105],{"class":71},[57,120268,1368],{"class":113},[57,120270,316],{"class":71},[57,120272,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,120274,102],{"class":101},[57,120276,105],{"class":71},[57,120278,1886],{"class":1102},[57,120280,105],{"class":71},[57,120282,1368],{"class":113},[57,120284,117],{"class":71},[20,120286,120287],{},[1399,120288,216],{},[48,120290,120292],{"className":50,"code":120291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120293,120294,120314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120295,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120297,1785],{"class":71},[57,120299,3231],{"class":75},[57,120301,79],{"class":71},[57,120303,87],{"class":75},[57,120305,79],{"class":71},[57,120307,1793],{"class":75},[57,120309,79],{"class":71},[57,120311,2706],{"class":75},[57,120313,95],{"class":71},[57,120315,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120317,3532],{"class":67},[57,120319,3535],{"class":1208},[57,120321,3538],{"class":169},[57,120323,8321],{"class":173},[57,120325,3543],{"class":169},[57,120327,3546],{"class":67},[20,120329,2536,120330,120332,120333,620],{},[15,120331,619],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[1399,120334,8321],{},[20,120336,120337,120338,120340],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[614,120339,52990],{"href":51200}," is a helpful next step.",[43,120342,5194,120344],{"id":120343},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120345,78075],{},[20,120347,1806,120348,10828],{},[15,120349,78075],{},[30,120351,120352,120355,120358,120361],{},[33,120353,120354],{},"you already have a list",[33,120356,120357],{},"you want to update that list directly",[33,120359,120360],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[33,120362,120363],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[943,120365,120367],{"id":120366},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[48,120369,120371],{"className":50,"code":120370,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120372,120373,120405,120409,120419,120423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120374,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401,120403],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120376,5228],{"class":63},[57,120378,68],{"class":67},[57,120380,72],{"class":71},[57,120382,170],{"class":169},[57,120384,5255],{"class":173},[57,120386,170],{"class":169},[57,120388,79],{"class":71},[57,120390,181],{"class":169},[57,120392,5237],{"class":173},[57,120394,170],{"class":169},[57,120396,79],{"class":71},[57,120398,181],{"class":169},[57,120400,5246],{"class":173},[57,120402,170],{"class":169},[57,120404,95],{"class":71},[57,120406,120407],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120408,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120410,120411,120413,120415,120417],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120412,5272],{"class":63},[57,120414,620],{"class":71},[57,120416,35029],{"class":113},[57,120418,8870],{"class":71},[57,120420,120421],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,120422,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120424,120425,120427,120429,120431],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,120426,102],{"class":101},[57,120428,105],{"class":71},[57,120430,5272],{"class":113},[57,120432,316],{"class":71},[20,120434,120435],{},[1399,120436,216],{},[48,120438,120440],{"className":50,"code":120439,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120441,120442],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120443,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120445,1785],{"class":71},[57,120447,3543],{"class":169},[57,120449,5237],{"class":173},[57,120451,3543],{"class":169},[57,120453,79],{"class":71},[57,120455,3538],{"class":169},[57,120457,5246],{"class":173},[57,120459,3543],{"class":169},[57,120461,79],{"class":71},[57,120463,3538],{"class":169},[57,120465,5255],{"class":173},[57,120467,3543],{"class":169},[57,120469,95],{"class":71},[20,120471,120472],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120474,120475,120476,620],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[614,120477,80076],{"href":78584},[43,120479,120481,1242,120483,120485],{"id":120480},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120482,73788],{},[15,120484,432],{}," work with both",[20,120487,10817,120488,1242,120490,120492],{},[15,120489,619],{},[15,120491,78075],{}," support:",[30,120494,120495,120500],{},[33,120496,120497,120499],{},[15,120498,78299],{}," for descending order",[33,120501,120502,120505],{},[15,120503,120504],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120507,120508],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[943,120510,120512],{"id":120511},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[48,120514,120516],{"className":50,"code":120515,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120517,120518,120538,120542,120564,120568,120586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120519,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120521,64],{"class":63},[57,120523,68],{"class":67},[57,120525,72],{"class":71},[57,120527,76],{"class":75},[57,120529,79],{"class":71},[57,120531,5729],{"class":75},[57,120533,79],{"class":71},[57,120535,87],{"class":75},[57,120537,95],{"class":71},[57,120539,120540],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120541,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120543,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556,120558,120560,120562],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120545,102],{"class":101},[57,120547,105],{"class":71},[57,120549,1763],{"class":101},[57,120551,105],{"class":71},[57,120553,114],{"class":113},[57,120555,79],{"class":71},[57,120557,78278],{"class":334},[57,120559,68],{"class":67},[57,120561,3845],{"class":1523},[57,120563,117],{"class":71},[57,120565,120566],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,120567,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120569,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,120571,114],{"class":63},[57,120573,620],{"class":71},[57,120575,35029],{"class":113},[57,120577,105],{"class":71},[57,120579,73788],{"class":334},[57,120581,68],{"class":67},[57,120583,3845],{"class":1523},[57,120585,316],{"class":71},[57,120587,120588,120590,120592,120594],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,120589,102],{"class":101},[57,120591,105],{"class":71},[57,120593,114],{"class":113},[57,120595,316],{"class":71},[20,120597,120598],{},[1399,120599,216],{},[48,120601,120603],{"className":50,"code":120602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120604,120605,120621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120606,120607,120609,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120608,1785],{"class":71},[57,120610,76],{"class":75},[57,120612,79],{"class":71},[57,120614,87],{"class":75},[57,120616,79],{"class":71},[57,120618,5729],{"class":75},[57,120620,95],{"class":71},[57,120622,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633,120635],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120624,1785],{"class":71},[57,120626,76],{"class":75},[57,120628,79],{"class":71},[57,120630,87],{"class":75},[57,120632,79],{"class":71},[57,120634,5729],{"class":75},[57,120636,95],{"class":71},[943,120638,120640],{"id":120639},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[48,120642,120644],{"className":50,"code":120643,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120645,120646,120678,120682,120708,120712,120734],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120647,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658,120660,120662,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120649,162],{"class":63},[57,120651,68],{"class":67},[57,120653,72],{"class":71},[57,120655,170],{"class":169},[57,120657,890],{"class":173},[57,120659,170],{"class":169},[57,120661,79],{"class":71},[57,120663,181],{"class":169},[57,120665,174],{"class":173},[57,120667,170],{"class":169},[57,120669,79],{"class":71},[57,120671,181],{"class":169},[57,120673,118832],{"class":173},[57,120675,170],{"class":169},[57,120677,95],{"class":71},[57,120679,120680],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120681,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120683,120684,120686,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120685,102],{"class":101},[57,120687,105],{"class":71},[57,120689,1763],{"class":101},[57,120691,105],{"class":71},[57,120693,211],{"class":113},[57,120695,79],{"class":71},[57,120697,335],{"class":334},[57,120699,68],{"class":67},[57,120701,1103],{"class":1102},[57,120703,620],{"class":71},[57,120705,1109],{"class":1108},[57,120707,117],{"class":71},[57,120709,120710],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,120711,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120713,120714,120716,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,120715,211],{"class":63},[57,120717,620],{"class":71},[57,120719,35029],{"class":113},[57,120721,105],{"class":71},[57,120723,432],{"class":334},[57,120725,68],{"class":67},[57,120727,1103],{"class":1102},[57,120729,620],{"class":71},[57,120731,1109],{"class":1108},[57,120733,316],{"class":71},[57,120735,120736,120738,120740,120742],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,120737,102],{"class":101},[57,120739,105],{"class":71},[57,120741,211],{"class":113},[57,120743,316],{"class":71},[20,120745,120746],{},[1399,120747,216],{},[48,120749,120751],{"className":50,"code":120750,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120752,120753,120781],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120754,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120756,1785],{"class":71},[57,120758,3543],{"class":169},[57,120760,174],{"class":173},[57,120762,3543],{"class":169},[57,120764,79],{"class":71},[57,120766,3538],{"class":169},[57,120768,890],{"class":173},[57,120770,3543],{"class":169},[57,120772,79],{"class":71},[57,120774,3538],{"class":169},[57,120776,118832],{"class":173},[57,120778,3543],{"class":169},[57,120780,95],{"class":71},[57,120782,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120784,1785],{"class":71},[57,120786,3543],{"class":169},[57,120788,174],{"class":173},[57,120790,3543],{"class":169},[57,120792,79],{"class":71},[57,120794,3538],{"class":169},[57,120796,890],{"class":173},[57,120798,3543],{"class":169},[57,120800,79],{"class":71},[57,120802,3538],{"class":169},[57,120804,118832],{"class":173},[57,120806,3543],{"class":169},[57,120808,95],{"class":71},[20,120810,443,120811,120813],{},[15,120812,1245],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120815,120816,120817,620],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[614,120818,120820],{"href":120819},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[43,120822,120824],{"id":120823},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120826,120827],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[943,120829,120831,120832,12826],{"id":120830},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120833,78075],{},[20,120835,120836],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[48,120838,120840],{"className":50,"code":120839,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120841,120842,120862,120866,120880,120884,120894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120843,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120845,64],{"class":63},[57,120847,68],{"class":67},[57,120849,72],{"class":71},[57,120851,76],{"class":75},[57,120853,79],{"class":71},[57,120855,5729],{"class":75},[57,120857,79],{"class":71},[57,120859,87],{"class":75},[57,120861,95],{"class":71},[57,120863,120864],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120865,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120867,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120869,1336],{"class":63},[57,120871,68],{"class":67},[57,120873,4495],{"class":63},[57,120875,620],{"class":71},[57,120877,35029],{"class":113},[57,120879,8870],{"class":71},[57,120881,120882],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,120883,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120885,120886,120888,120890,120892],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,120887,102],{"class":101},[57,120889,105],{"class":71},[57,120891,1368],{"class":113},[57,120893,316],{"class":71},[57,120895,120896,120898,120900,120902],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,120897,102],{"class":101},[57,120899,105],{"class":71},[57,120901,114],{"class":113},[57,120903,316],{"class":71},[20,120905,120906],{},[1399,120907,216],{},[48,120909,120910],{"className":50,"code":79412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,120911,120912,120916],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120913,120914],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120915,12037],{"class":1523},[57,120917,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926,120928,120930],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120919,1785],{"class":71},[57,120921,3231],{"class":75},[57,120923,79],{"class":71},[57,120925,87],{"class":75},[57,120927,79],{"class":71},[57,120929,1793],{"class":75},[57,120931,95],{"class":71},[20,120933,12129],{},[30,120935,120936,120941,120946],{},[33,120937,120938,120940],{},[15,120939,119943],{}," sorts the list in place",[33,120942,35245,120943,120945],{},[1399,120944,1401],{}," return the sorted list",[33,120947,89982,120948,42382,120950],{},[15,120949,1368],{},[15,120951,1524],{},[943,120953,120955,120956,120958],{"id":120954},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120957,619],{}," to change the original list",[48,120960,120962],{"className":50,"code":120961,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120963,120964,120984,120988,120998,121002],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,120965,120966,120968,120970,120972,120974,120976,120978,120980,120982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,120967,64],{"class":63},[57,120969,68],{"class":67},[57,120971,72],{"class":71},[57,120973,76],{"class":75},[57,120975,79],{"class":71},[57,120977,5729],{"class":75},[57,120979,79],{"class":71},[57,120981,87],{"class":75},[57,120983,95],{"class":71},[57,120985,120986],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,120987,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,120989,120990,120992,120994,120996],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,120991,1763],{"class":101},[57,120993,105],{"class":71},[57,120995,114],{"class":113},[57,120997,316],{"class":71},[57,120999,121000],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,121001,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,121003,121004,121006,121008,121010],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,121005,102],{"class":101},[57,121007,105],{"class":71},[57,121009,114],{"class":113},[57,121011,316],{"class":71},[20,121013,121014],{},[1399,121015,216],{},[48,121017,121018],{"className":50,"code":119164,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,121019,121020],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121021,121022,121024,121026,121028,121030,121032,121034],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121023,1785],{"class":71},[57,121025,76],{"class":75},[57,121027,79],{"class":71},[57,121029,5729],{"class":75},[57,121031,79],{"class":71},[57,121033,87],{"class":75},[57,121035,95],{"class":71},[20,121037,121038,121041],{},[15,121039,121040],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121043,11035],{},[48,121045,121047],{"className":50,"code":121046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121048,121049,121069,121073,121087,121091],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121050,121051,121053,121055,121057,121059,121061,121063,121065,121067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121052,64],{"class":63},[57,121054,68],{"class":67},[57,121056,72],{"class":71},[57,121058,76],{"class":75},[57,121060,79],{"class":71},[57,121062,5729],{"class":75},[57,121064,79],{"class":71},[57,121066,87],{"class":75},[57,121068,95],{"class":71},[57,121070,121071],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121072,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,121074,121075,121077,121079,121081,121083,121085],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,121076,55861],{"class":63},[57,121078,68],{"class":67},[57,121080,74766],{"class":101},[57,121082,105],{"class":71},[57,121084,114],{"class":113},[57,121086,316],{"class":71},[57,121088,121089],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,121090,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,121092,121093,121095,121097,121099],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,121094,102],{"class":101},[57,121096,105],{"class":71},[57,121098,55880],{"class":113},[57,121100,316],{"class":71},[943,121102,121104,121105,121107],{"id":121103},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121106,64530],{}," on a tuple or string",[48,121109,121110],{"className":50,"code":79514,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,121111,121112,121124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121113,121114,121116,121118,121120,121122],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121115,34918],{"class":63},[57,121117,68],{"class":67},[57,121119,181],{"class":169},[57,121121,52],{"class":173},[57,121123,3602],{"class":169},[57,121125,121126,121128,121130,121132],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121127,1222],{"class":63},[57,121129,620],{"class":71},[57,121131,35029],{"class":113},[57,121133,8870],{"class":71},[20,121135,121136,121137,33831],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121138,64530],{},[20,121140,121141,121143],{},[15,121142,64530],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121145,121146,121147,121149,121150,620],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121148,619],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[614,121151,5369],{"href":5818},[943,121153,121155,121156,119201],{"id":121154},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121157,619],{},[48,121159,121161],{"className":50,"code":121160,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121162,121163,121176,121190,121194,121204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121164,121165,121167,121169,121171,121174],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121166,34918],{"class":63},[57,121168,68],{"class":67},[57,121170,181],{"class":169},[57,121172,121173],{"class":173},"cab",[57,121175,3602],{"class":169},[57,121177,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121179,1336],{"class":63},[57,121181,68],{"class":67},[57,121183,74766],{"class":101},[57,121185,105],{"class":71},[57,121187,1222],{"class":113},[57,121189,316],{"class":71},[57,121191,121192],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,121193,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,121195,121196,121198,121200,121202],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,121197,102],{"class":101},[57,121199,105],{"class":71},[57,121201,1368],{"class":113},[57,121203,316],{"class":71},[57,121205,121206,121208,121210,121212,121214,121216],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,121207,102],{"class":101},[57,121209,105],{"class":71},[57,121211,1886],{"class":1102},[57,121213,105],{"class":71},[57,121215,1368],{"class":113},[57,121217,117],{"class":71},[20,121219,121220],{},[1399,121221,216],{},[48,121223,121225],{"className":50,"code":121224,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121226,121227,121255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121228,121229,121231,121233,121235,121237,121239,121241,121243,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121230,1785],{"class":71},[57,121232,3543],{"class":169},[57,121234,614],{"class":173},[57,121236,3543],{"class":169},[57,121238,79],{"class":71},[57,121240,3538],{"class":169},[57,121242,4993],{"class":173},[57,121244,3543],{"class":169},[57,121246,79],{"class":71},[57,121248,3538],{"class":169},[57,121250,9966],{"class":173},[57,121252,3543],{"class":169},[57,121254,95],{"class":71},[57,121256,121257,121259,121261,121263,121265,121267],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121258,3532],{"class":67},[57,121260,3535],{"class":1208},[57,121262,3538],{"class":169},[57,121264,8321],{"class":173},[57,121266,3543],{"class":169},[57,121268,3546],{"class":67},[20,121270,121271],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[43,121273,113722],{"id":113721},[20,121275,121276],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[30,121278,121279,121282,121287,121292,121298],{},[33,121280,121281],{},"confusing a function with a method",[33,121283,121284,121285,53863],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121286,64530],{},[33,121288,121289,121290,12826],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121291,78075],{},[33,121293,121294,121295,121297],{},"trying to use ",[15,121296,64530],{}," on non-list data types",[33,121299,50726,121300,121302],{},[15,121301,619],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121304,121305],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[48,121307,121309],{"className":50,"code":121308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121310,121311,121321,121335,121360,121375,121385],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121312,121313,121315,121317,121319],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121314,102],{"class":101},[57,121316,105],{"class":71},[57,121318,8567],{"class":113},[57,121320,316],{"class":71},[57,121322,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121324,102],{"class":101},[57,121326,105],{"class":71},[57,121328,1763],{"class":101},[57,121330,105],{"class":71},[57,121332,8567],{"class":113},[57,121334,117],{"class":71},[57,121336,121337,121339,121341,121343,121345,121347,121349,121352,121354,121356,121358],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,121338,1336],{"class":63},[57,121340,68],{"class":67},[57,121342,8624],{"class":63},[57,121344,620],{"class":71},[57,121346,35029],{"class":113},[57,121348,1475],{"class":71},[57,121350,121351],{"class":63},"; ",[57,121353,102],{"class":101},[57,121355,105],{"class":71},[57,121357,1368],{"class":113},[57,121359,316],{"class":71},[57,121361,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370,121373],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,121363,102],{"class":101},[57,121365,105],{"class":71},[57,121367,1886],{"class":1102},[57,121369,105],{"class":71},[57,121371,121372],{"class":113},"my_data",[57,121374,117],{"class":71},[57,121376,121377,121379,121381,121383],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,121378,32382],{"class":101},[57,121380,105],{"class":71},[57,121382,1763],{"class":101},[57,121384,316],{"class":71},[57,121386,121387,121389,121391,121393,121395,121397],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,121388,32382],{"class":101},[57,121390,105],{"class":71},[57,121392,8321],{"class":1102},[57,121394,620],{"class":71},[57,121396,35029],{"class":1108},[57,121398,316],{"class":71},[20,121400,1978],{},[30,121402,121403,121406,121410,121418],{},[33,121404,121405],{},"whether your original list changed",[33,121407,26250,121408,11934],{},[15,121409,619],{},[33,121411,121412,121413,121415,121416],{},"whether ",[15,121414,64530],{}," returned ",[15,121417,1524],{},[33,121419,121420],{},"what type of object you are working with",[43,121422,121424],{"id":121423},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121426,121427],{},"Use this rule:",[30,121429,121430,121438],{},[33,121431,121432,121433,121435,121436],{},"Need a ",[1399,121434,119526],{},": use ",[15,121437,619],{},[33,121439,121440,121441,121435,121444],{},"Need to ",[1399,121442,121443],{},"change one list directly",[15,121445,78075],{},[20,121447,121448,121449,121451],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121450,619],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[43,121453,2011],{"id":2010},[943,121455,121457,121458,3122,121460,2053],{"id":121456},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121459,619],{},[15,121461,78075],{},[20,121463,121464,121466],{},[15,121465,619],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[943,121468,5389,121470,5392,121472,2053],{"id":121469},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121471,78075],{},[15,121473,1524],{},[20,121475,121476],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[943,121478,2025,121480,121482],{"id":121479},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121481,619],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121484,121485],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[943,121487,28559,121489,121491],{"id":121488},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121490,64530],{}," on a string?",[20,121493,46590,121494,121496,121497,40158],{},[15,121495,64530],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121498,121499],{},"sorted(string)",[943,121501,12048,121503,1242,121505,121507],{"id":121502},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121504,619],{},[15,121506,64530],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121509,121510,121511,620],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121512,78299],{},[43,121514,2135],{"id":2134},[30,121516,121517,121523,121529,121533,121537],{},[33,121518,121519],{},[614,121520,13,121521,2144],{"href":616},[15,121522,619],{},[33,121524,121525],{},[614,121526,13,121527,10968],{"href":74983},[15,121528,78075],{},[33,121530,121531],{},[614,121532,80076],{"href":78584},[33,121534,121535],{},[614,121536,120820],{"href":120819},[33,121538,121539],{},[614,121540,52990],{"href":51200},[2172,121542,121543],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":121545},[121546,121547,121548,121552,121556,121559,121563,121567,121572,121582,121583,121584,121596],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":119614,"depth":98,"text":119615},{"id":117717,"depth":98,"text":119439,"children":121549},[121550],{"id":119681,"depth":120,"text":121551},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78141,"depth":98,"text":80098,"children":121553},[121554],{"id":119858,"depth":120,"text":121555},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119954,"depth":98,"text":119955,"children":121557},[121558],{"id":119980,"depth":120,"text":119981},{"id":120186,"depth":98,"text":121560,"children":121561},"When to use sorted()",[121562],{"id":120208,"depth":120,"text":120209},{"id":120343,"depth":98,"text":121564,"children":121565},"When to use list.sort()",[121566],{"id":120366,"depth":120,"text":120367},{"id":120480,"depth":98,"text":121568,"children":121569},"reverse and key work with both",[121570,121571],{"id":120511,"depth":120,"text":120512},{"id":120639,"depth":120,"text":120640},{"id":120823,"depth":98,"text":120824,"children":121573},[121574,121576,121578,121580],{"id":120830,"depth":120,"text":121575},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120954,"depth":120,"text":121577},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121103,"depth":120,"text":121579},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121154,"depth":120,"text":121581},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113721,"depth":98,"text":113722},{"id":121423,"depth":98,"text":121424},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":121585},[121586,121588,121590,121592,121594],{"id":121456,"depth":120,"text":121587},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121469,"depth":120,"text":121589},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121479,"depth":120,"text":121591},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121488,"depth":120,"text":121593},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121502,"depth":120,"text":121595},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119485,"description":121597},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121603,"title":42403,"body":121604,"description":123336,"extension":2219,"meta":123337,"navigation":123,"path":123338,"seo":123339,"stem":123340,"__hash__":123341},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121605,"toc":123293},[121606,121611,121616,121622,121624,121679,121683,121706,121711,121716,121721,121723,121754,121757,121771,121773,121775,121790,121795,121799,121802,121853,121857,121871,121878,121882,121886,121941,121945,121968,121972,122028,122032,122055,122059,122114,122118,122141,122145,122212,122216,122251,122257,122262,122267,122269,122283,122285,122359,122363,122383,122388,122395,122398,122410,122412,122481,122485,122522,122525,122550,122557,122566,122569,122581,122587,122593,122595,122601,122606,122685,122689,122730,122734,122736,122763,122766,122789,122792,122798,122801,122838,122850,122857,122859,122910,122913,122945,122948,122950,122957,122959,122974,122976,123033,123037,123061,123063,123068,123084,123091,123095,123098,123181,123191,123193,123198,123201,123207,123210,123216,123219,123225,123228,123235,123243,123245,123290],[10,121607,13,121609,18],{"id":121608},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121610,47906],{},[20,121612,32547,121613,121615],{},[15,121614,47906],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121617,121618,121619,121621],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121620,47906],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[43,121623,46],{"id":45},[48,121625,121627],{"className":50,"code":121626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121628,121629,121637,121651,121655,121665],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121630,121631,121633,121635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121632,21858],{"class":63},[57,121634,68],{"class":67},[57,121636,45451],{"class":75},[57,121638,121639,121641,121643,121645,121647,121649],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121640,34918],{"class":63},[57,121642,68],{"class":67},[57,121644,49125],{"class":1102},[57,121646,105],{"class":71},[57,121648,9526],{"class":113},[57,121650,316],{"class":71},[57,121652,121653],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,121654,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,121656,121657,121659,121661,121663],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,121658,102],{"class":101},[57,121660,105],{"class":71},[57,121662,1222],{"class":113},[57,121664,316],{"class":71},[57,121666,121667,121669,121671,121673,121675,121677],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,121668,102],{"class":101},[57,121670,105],{"class":71},[57,121672,1886],{"class":1102},[57,121674,105],{"class":71},[57,121676,1222],{"class":113},[57,121678,117],{"class":71},[20,121680,121681],{},[1399,121682,216],{},[48,121684,121686],{"className":50,"code":121685,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121687,121688,121692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121689,121690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121691,2954],{"class":75},[57,121693,121694,121696,121698,121700,121702,121704],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121695,3532],{"class":67},[57,121697,3535],{"class":1208},[57,121699,3538],{"class":169},[57,121701,1103],{"class":173},[57,121703,3543],{"class":169},[57,121705,3546],{"class":67},[20,121707,1806,121708,121710],{},[15,121709,47906],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[43,121712,262,121714,265],{"id":121713},"what-str-does",[15,121715,47906],{},[20,121717,121718,121720],{},[15,121719,47906],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121722,2360],{},[30,121724,121725,121732,121739,121746],{},[33,121726,121727,121728,42382,121730],{},"An integer like ",[15,121729,1561],{},[15,121731,42353],{},[33,121733,121734,121735,42382,121737],{},"A float like ",[15,121736,40372],{},[15,121738,48315],{},[33,121740,121741,121742,42382,121744],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121743,3845],{},[15,121745,6871],{},[33,121747,121748,121749,42382,121751],{},"A list like ",[15,121750,75454],{},[15,121752,121753],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121755,121756],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[30,121758,121759,121762,121765,121768],{},[33,121760,121761],{},"print it",[33,121763,121764],{},"combine it with other strings",[33,121766,121767],{},"save it to a file",[33,121769,121770],{},"use it in messages",[43,121772,294],{"id":293},[20,121774,7448],{},[48,121776,121778],{"className":50,"code":121777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"str(object)\n",[15,121779,121780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121781,121782,121784,121786,121788],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121783,1103],{"class":1102},[57,121785,105],{"class":71},[57,121787,42624],{"class":1102},[57,121789,316],{"class":71},[20,121791,1023,121792,121794],{},[15,121793,42624],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121796,121797,8453],{},[15,121798,47906],{},[20,121800,121801],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[48,121803,121805],{"className":50,"code":121804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121806,121807,121816,121839,121843],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121808,121809,121811,121813],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121810,5328],{"class":63},[57,121812,68],{"class":67},[57,121814,121815],{"class":75}," 100\n",[57,121817,121818,121820,121822,121824,121827,121829,121831,121833,121835,121837],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121819,90002],{"class":63},[57,121821,68],{"class":67},[57,121823,181],{"class":169},[57,121825,121826],{"class":173},"Your score is ",[57,121828,170],{"class":169},[57,121830,2703],{"class":67},[57,121832,49125],{"class":1102},[57,121834,105],{"class":71},[57,121836,85515],{"class":113},[57,121838,316],{"class":71},[57,121840,121841],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,121842,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,121844,121845,121847,121849,121851],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,121846,102],{"class":101},[57,121848,105],{"class":71},[57,121850,90019],{"class":113},[57,121852,316],{"class":71},[20,121854,121855],{},[1399,121856,216],{},[48,121858,121860],{"className":50,"code":121859,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121861,121862],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121863,121864,121867,121869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121865,121866],{"class":63},"Your score ",[57,121868,1481],{"class":67},[57,121870,121815],{"class":75},[20,121872,2546,121873,121877],{},[614,121874,121875,2553],{"href":2549},[15,121876,2552],{}," can help you check.",[43,121879,121881],{"id":121880},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[943,121883,121885],{"id":121884},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[48,121887,121889],{"className":50,"code":121888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121890,121891,121899,121913,121917,121927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121892,121893,121895,121897],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121894,2469],{"class":63},[57,121896,68],{"class":67},[57,121898,2832],{"class":75},[57,121900,121901,121903,121905,121907,121909,121911],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121902,34918],{"class":63},[57,121904,68],{"class":67},[57,121906,49125],{"class":1102},[57,121908,105],{"class":71},[57,121910,2490],{"class":113},[57,121912,316],{"class":71},[57,121914,121915],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,121916,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,121918,121919,121921,121923,121925],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,121920,102],{"class":101},[57,121922,105],{"class":71},[57,121924,1222],{"class":113},[57,121926,316],{"class":71},[57,121928,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,121930,102],{"class":101},[57,121932,105],{"class":71},[57,121934,1886],{"class":1102},[57,121936,105],{"class":71},[57,121938,1222],{"class":113},[57,121940,117],{"class":71},[20,121942,121943],{},[1399,121944,216],{},[48,121946,121948],{"className":50,"code":121947,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121949,121950,121954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121951,121952],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121953,2626],{"class":75},[57,121955,121956,121958,121960,121962,121964,121966],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121957,3532],{"class":67},[57,121959,3535],{"class":1208},[57,121961,3538],{"class":169},[57,121963,1103],{"class":173},[57,121965,3543],{"class":169},[57,121967,3546],{"class":67},[943,121969,121971],{"id":121970},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[48,121973,121975],{"className":50,"code":121974,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121976,121977,121986,122000,122004,122014],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,121978,121979,121981,121983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,121980,40616],{"class":63},[57,121982,68],{"class":67},[57,121984,121985],{"class":75}," 3.14\n",[57,121987,121988,121990,121992,121994,121996,121998],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,121989,34918],{"class":63},[57,121991,68],{"class":67},[57,121993,49125],{"class":1102},[57,121995,105],{"class":71},[57,121997,25380],{"class":113},[57,121999,316],{"class":71},[57,122001,122002],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122003,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,122005,122006,122008,122010,122012],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122007,102],{"class":101},[57,122009,105],{"class":71},[57,122011,1222],{"class":113},[57,122013,316],{"class":71},[57,122015,122016,122018,122020,122022,122024,122026],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,122017,102],{"class":101},[57,122019,105],{"class":71},[57,122021,1886],{"class":1102},[57,122023,105],{"class":71},[57,122025,1222],{"class":113},[57,122027,117],{"class":71},[20,122029,122030],{},[1399,122031,216],{},[48,122033,122035],{"className":50,"code":122034,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122036,122037,122041],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122038,122039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122040,40406],{"class":75},[57,122042,122043,122045,122047,122049,122051,122053],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122044,3532],{"class":67},[57,122046,3535],{"class":1208},[57,122048,3538],{"class":169},[57,122050,1103],{"class":173},[57,122052,3543],{"class":169},[57,122054,3546],{"class":67},[943,122056,122058],{"id":122057},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[48,122060,122062],{"className":50,"code":122061,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122063,122064,122072,122086,122090,122100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122065,122066,122068,122070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122067,2696],{"class":63},[57,122069,68],{"class":67},[57,122071,6652],{"class":1523},[57,122073,122074,122076,122078,122080,122082,122084],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122075,34918],{"class":63},[57,122077,68],{"class":67},[57,122079,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122081,105],{"class":71},[57,122083,364],{"class":113},[57,122085,316],{"class":71},[57,122087,122088],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122089,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,122091,122092,122094,122096,122098],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122093,102],{"class":101},[57,122095,105],{"class":71},[57,122097,1222],{"class":113},[57,122099,316],{"class":71},[57,122101,122102,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,122103,102],{"class":101},[57,122105,105],{"class":71},[57,122107,1886],{"class":1102},[57,122109,105],{"class":71},[57,122111,1222],{"class":113},[57,122113,117],{"class":71},[20,122115,122116],{},[1399,122117,216],{},[48,122119,122121],{"className":50,"code":122120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122122,122123,122127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122124,122125],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122126,4214],{"class":1523},[57,122128,122129,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122130,3532],{"class":67},[57,122132,3535],{"class":1208},[57,122134,3538],{"class":169},[57,122136,1103],{"class":173},[57,122138,3543],{"class":169},[57,122140,3546],{"class":67},[943,122142,122144],{"id":122143},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[48,122146,122148],{"className":50,"code":122147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122149,122150,122170,122184,122188,122198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122151,122152,122154,122156,122158,122160,122162,122164,122166,122168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122153,1147],{"class":63},[57,122155,68],{"class":67},[57,122157,72],{"class":71},[57,122159,3231],{"class":75},[57,122161,79],{"class":71},[57,122163,87],{"class":75},[57,122165,79],{"class":71},[57,122167,1793],{"class":75},[57,122169,95],{"class":71},[57,122171,122172,122174,122176,122178,122180,122182],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122173,34918],{"class":63},[57,122175,68],{"class":67},[57,122177,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122179,105],{"class":71},[57,122181,1199],{"class":113},[57,122183,316],{"class":71},[57,122185,122186],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122187,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,122189,122190,122192,122194,122196],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122191,102],{"class":101},[57,122193,105],{"class":71},[57,122195,1222],{"class":113},[57,122197,316],{"class":71},[57,122199,122200,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,122201,102],{"class":101},[57,122203,105],{"class":71},[57,122205,1886],{"class":1102},[57,122207,105],{"class":71},[57,122209,1222],{"class":113},[57,122211,117],{"class":71},[20,122213,122214],{},[1399,122215,216],{},[48,122217,122219],{"className":50,"code":122218,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122220,122221,122237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122222,122223,122225,122227,122229,122231,122233,122235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122224,1785],{"class":71},[57,122226,3231],{"class":75},[57,122228,79],{"class":71},[57,122230,87],{"class":75},[57,122232,79],{"class":71},[57,122234,1793],{"class":75},[57,122236,95],{"class":71},[57,122238,122239,122241,122243,122245,122247,122249],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122240,3532],{"class":67},[57,122242,3535],{"class":1208},[57,122244,3538],{"class":169},[57,122246,1103],{"class":173},[57,122248,3543],{"class":169},[57,122250,3546],{"class":67},[20,122252,122253,122254,122256],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[1399,122255,1401],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[43,122258,5194,122260],{"id":122259},"when-to-use-str",[15,122261,47906],{},[20,122263,1806,122264,122266],{},[15,122265,47906],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122268,36658],{},[30,122270,122271,122274,122277,122280],{},[33,122272,122273],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[33,122275,122276],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[33,122278,122279],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[33,122281,122282],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122284,864],{},[48,122286,122288],{"className":50,"code":122287,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122289,122290,122302,122310,122314,122349],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122291,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122293,8103],{"class":63},[57,122295,68],{"class":67},[57,122297,181],{"class":169},[57,122299,11737],{"class":173},[57,122301,3602],{"class":169},[57,122303,122304,122306,122308],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122305,21858],{"class":63},[57,122307,68],{"class":67},[57,122309,45451],{"class":75},[57,122311,122312],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122313,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,122315,122316,122318,122320,122322,122324,122326,122328,122330,122332,122334,122336,122338,122340,122342,122344,122347],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122317,90002],{"class":63},[57,122319,68],{"class":67},[57,122321,36200],{"class":63},[57,122323,2314],{"class":67},[57,122325,181],{"class":169},[57,122327,5016],{"class":173},[57,122329,170],{"class":169},[57,122331,2703],{"class":67},[57,122333,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122335,105],{"class":71},[57,122337,9526],{"class":113},[57,122339,1959],{"class":71},[57,122341,2703],{"class":67},[57,122343,181],{"class":169},[57,122345,122346],{"class":173}," years old.",[57,122348,3602],{"class":169},[57,122350,122351,122353,122355,122357],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,122352,102],{"class":101},[57,122354,105],{"class":71},[57,122356,90019],{"class":113},[57,122358,316],{"class":71},[20,122360,122361],{},[1399,122362,216],{},[48,122364,122366],{"className":50,"code":122365,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122367,122368],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122369,122370,122373,122375,122377,122380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122371,122372],{"class":63},"Maya ",[57,122374,1481],{"class":67},[57,122376,9533],{"class":75},[57,122378,122379],{"class":63}," years old",[57,122381,122382],{"class":71},".\n",[20,122384,122385,122386,620],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[614,122387,89688],{"href":89687},[43,122389,122391,1682,122393],{"id":122390},"str-vs-print",[15,122392,47906],{},[15,122394,46677],{},[20,122396,122397],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[30,122399,122400,122405],{},[33,122401,122402,122404],{},[15,122403,47906],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[33,122406,122407,122409],{},[15,122408,46677],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122411,864],{},[48,122413,122415],{"className":50,"code":122414,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122416,122417,122425,122429,122443,122453,122467],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122418,122419,122421,122423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122420,2696],{"class":63},[57,122422,68],{"class":67},[57,122424,701],{"class":75},[57,122426,122427],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122428,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,122430,122431,122433,122435,122437,122439,122441],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122432,34918],{"class":63},[57,122434,68],{"class":67},[57,122436,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122438,105],{"class":71},[57,122440,364],{"class":113},[57,122442,316],{"class":71},[57,122444,122445,122447,122449,122451],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122446,102],{"class":101},[57,122448,105],{"class":71},[57,122450,1222],{"class":113},[57,122452,316],{"class":71},[57,122454,122455,122457,122459,122461,122463,122465],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,122456,102],{"class":101},[57,122458,105],{"class":71},[57,122460,1886],{"class":1102},[57,122462,105],{"class":71},[57,122464,1222],{"class":113},[57,122466,117],{"class":71},[57,122468,122469,122471,122473,122475,122477,122479],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,122470,102],{"class":101},[57,122472,105],{"class":71},[57,122474,1886],{"class":1102},[57,122476,105],{"class":71},[57,122478,364],{"class":113},[57,122480,117],{"class":71},[20,122482,122483],{},[1399,122484,216],{},[48,122486,122488],{"className":50,"code":122487,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122489,122490,122494,122508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122491,122492],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122493,756],{"class":75},[57,122495,122496,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122497,3532],{"class":67},[57,122499,3535],{"class":1208},[57,122501,3538],{"class":169},[57,122503,1103],{"class":173},[57,122505,3543],{"class":169},[57,122507,3546],{"class":67},[57,122509,122510,122512,122514,122516,122518,122520],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122511,3532],{"class":67},[57,122513,3535],{"class":1208},[57,122515,3538],{"class":169},[57,122517,2440],{"class":173},[57,122519,3543],{"class":169},[57,122521,3546],{"class":67},[20,122523,122524],{},"Notice:",[30,122526,122527,122533,122538],{},[33,122528,122529,122532],{},[15,122530,122531],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[33,122534,122535,122537],{},[15,122536,46677],{}," only displayed values",[33,122539,122540,122542,122543,122545,122546,61519,122548],{},[15,122541,46677],{}," did not change ",[15,122544,364],{}," from ",[15,122547,2440],{},[15,122549,1103],{},[20,122551,122552,122553,620],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[614,122554,122555,2553],{"href":46674},[15,122556,46677],{},[43,122558,122560,1682,122562,122565],{"id":122559},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122561,47906],{},[15,122563,122564],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122567,122568],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[30,122570,122571,122576],{},[33,122572,122573,122575],{},[15,122574,47906],{}," is the more readable text version",[33,122577,122578,122580],{},[15,122579,122564],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122582,122583,122584,122586],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122585,47906],{}," much more often.",[20,122588,122589,122590,122592],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122591,47906],{}," is usually the right choice.",[43,122594,4751],{"id":4750},[943,122596,26005,122598,122600],{"id":122597},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122599,47906],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122602,122603,122605],{},[15,122604,47906],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[48,122607,122609],{"className":50,"code":122608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122610,122611,122619,122633,122637,122647,122661,122671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122612,122613,122615,122617],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122614,21858],{"class":63},[57,122616,68],{"class":67},[57,122618,45451],{"class":75},[57,122620,122621,122623,122625,122627,122629,122631],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122622,34918],{"class":63},[57,122624,68],{"class":67},[57,122626,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122628,105],{"class":71},[57,122630,9526],{"class":113},[57,122632,316],{"class":71},[57,122634,122635],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122636,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122640,102],{"class":101},[57,122642,105],{"class":71},[57,122644,9526],{"class":113},[57,122646,316],{"class":71},[57,122648,122649,122651,122653,122655,122657,122659],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,122650,102],{"class":101},[57,122652,105],{"class":71},[57,122654,1886],{"class":1102},[57,122656,105],{"class":71},[57,122658,9526],{"class":113},[57,122660,117],{"class":71},[57,122662,122663,122665,122667,122669],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,122664,102],{"class":101},[57,122666,105],{"class":71},[57,122668,1222],{"class":113},[57,122670,316],{"class":71},[57,122672,122673,122675,122677,122679,122681,122683],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,122674,102],{"class":101},[57,122676,105],{"class":71},[57,122678,1886],{"class":1102},[57,122680,105],{"class":71},[57,122682,1222],{"class":113},[57,122684,117],{"class":71},[20,122686,122687],{},[1399,122688,216],{},[48,122690,122692],{"className":50,"code":122691,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122693,122694,122698,122712,122716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122695,122696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122697,2954],{"class":75},[57,122699,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122701,3532],{"class":67},[57,122703,3535],{"class":1208},[57,122705,3538],{"class":169},[57,122707,2440],{"class":173},[57,122709,3543],{"class":169},[57,122711,3546],{"class":67},[57,122713,122714],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122715,2954],{"class":75},[57,122717,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726,122728],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122719,3532],{"class":67},[57,122721,3535],{"class":1208},[57,122723,3538],{"class":169},[57,122725,1103],{"class":173},[57,122727,3543],{"class":169},[57,122729,3546],{"class":67},[943,122731,122733],{"id":122732},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122735,6918],{},[48,122737,122739],{"className":50,"code":122738,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122740,122741,122749],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122742,122743,122745,122747],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122744,21858],{"class":63},[57,122746,68],{"class":67},[57,122748,45451],{"class":75},[57,122750,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122752,34918],{"class":63},[57,122754,68],{"class":67},[57,122756,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122758,105],{"class":71},[57,122760,9526],{"class":113},[57,122762,316],{"class":71},[20,122764,122765],{},"But if you only do this:",[48,122767,122769],{"className":50,"code":122768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122770,122771,122779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122772,122773,122775,122777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122774,21858],{"class":63},[57,122776,68],{"class":67},[57,122778,45451],{"class":75},[57,122780,122781,122783,122785,122787],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122782,1103],{"class":1102},[57,122784,105],{"class":71},[57,122786,9526],{"class":113},[57,122788,316],{"class":71},[20,122790,122791],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[943,122793,443,122795,122797],{"id":122794},"using-str-too-early",[15,122796,47906],{}," too early",[20,122799,122800],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[48,122802,122804],{"className":50,"code":122803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122805,122806,122814,122829,122833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122807,122808,122810,122812],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122809,40616],{"class":63},[57,122811,68],{"class":67},[57,122813,2832],{"class":75},[57,122815,122816,122819,122821,122823,122825,122827],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122817,122818],{"class":63},"text_price ",[57,122820,68],{"class":67},[57,122822,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122824,105],{"class":71},[57,122826,25380],{"class":113},[57,122828,316],{"class":71},[57,122830,122831],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,122832,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,122834,122835],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,122836,122837],{"class":3903},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122839,122840,122841,3122,122845,122849],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[614,122842,122843],{"href":3118},[15,122844,3121],{},[614,122846,122847],{"href":3125},[15,122848,3128],{},", depending on the situation.",[943,122851,1848,122853,122856],{"id":122852},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122854,122855],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122858,64862],{},[48,122860,122862],{"className":50,"code":122861,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122863,122864,122896],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122865,122866,122868,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878,122880,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122867,1147],{"class":63},[57,122869,68],{"class":67},[57,122871,72],{"class":71},[57,122873,170],{"class":169},[57,122875,174],{"class":173},[57,122877,170],{"class":169},[57,122879,79],{"class":71},[57,122881,181],{"class":169},[57,122883,184],{"class":173},[57,122885,170],{"class":169},[57,122887,79],{"class":71},[57,122889,181],{"class":169},[57,122891,33451],{"class":173},[57,122893,170],{"class":169},[57,122895,95],{"class":71},[57,122897,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906,122908],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122899,102],{"class":101},[57,122901,105],{"class":71},[57,122903,1103],{"class":1102},[57,122905,105],{"class":71},[57,122907,1199],{"class":113},[57,122909,117],{"class":71},[20,122911,122912],{},"prints:",[48,122914,122915],{"className":50,"code":73048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,122916,122917],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122918,122919,122921,122923,122925,122927,122929,122931,122933,122935,122937,122939,122941,122943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122920,1785],{"class":71},[57,122922,3543],{"class":169},[57,122924,174],{"class":173},[57,122926,3543],{"class":169},[57,122928,79],{"class":71},[57,122930,3538],{"class":169},[57,122932,184],{"class":173},[57,122934,3543],{"class":169},[57,122936,79],{"class":71},[57,122938,3538],{"class":169},[57,122940,33451],{"class":173},[57,122942,3543],{"class":169},[57,122944,95],{"class":71},[20,122946,122947],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[43,122949,17649],{"id":17648},[20,122951,122952,22205,122954,620],{},[15,122953,47906],{},[1399,122955,122956],{},"new string",[20,122958,11686],{},[30,122960,122961,122964,122967],{},[33,122962,122963],{},"It always returns a string",[33,122965,122966],{},"It does not modify the original object",[33,122968,7993,122969,122973],{},[614,122970,122971],{"href":2549},[15,122972,2552],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122975,864],{},[48,122977,122979],{"className":50,"code":122978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122980,122981,122989,123004,123008,123019],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,122982,122983,122985,122987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,122984,2696],{"class":63},[57,122986,68],{"class":67},[57,122988,14361],{"class":75},[57,122990,122991,122994,122996,122998,123000,123002],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,122992,122993],{"class":63},"converted ",[57,122995,68],{"class":67},[57,122997,49125],{"class":1102},[57,122999,105],{"class":71},[57,123001,364],{"class":113},[57,123003,316],{"class":71},[57,123005,123006],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,123007,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,123009,123010,123012,123014,123017],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,123011,102],{"class":101},[57,123013,105],{"class":71},[57,123015,123016],{"class":113},"converted",[57,123018,316],{"class":71},[57,123020,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,123022,102],{"class":101},[57,123024,105],{"class":71},[57,123026,1886],{"class":1102},[57,123028,105],{"class":71},[57,123030,123016],{"class":113},[57,123032,117],{"class":71},[20,123034,123035],{},[1399,123036,216],{},[48,123038,123040],{"className":50,"code":123039,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123041,123042,123047],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123043,123044],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123045,123046],{"class":75},"99\n",[57,123048,123049,123051,123053,123055,123057,123059],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123050,3532],{"class":67},[57,123052,3535],{"class":1208},[57,123054,3538],{"class":169},[57,123056,1103],{"class":173},[57,123058,3543],{"class":169},[57,123060,3546],{"class":67},[43,123062,113722],{"id":113721},[20,123064,123065,123066,75023],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123067,47906],{},[30,123069,123070,123073,123076,123081],{},[33,123071,123072],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[33,123074,123075],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[33,123077,443,123078,123080],{},[15,123079,47906],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[33,123082,123083],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123085,123086,123087,620],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[614,123088,25910,123089],{"href":90400},[15,123090,90401],{},[43,123092,123094],{"id":123093},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123096,123097],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[48,123099,123101],{"className":50,"code":123100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123102,123103,123111,123115,123125,123139,123143,123157,123167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123104,123105,123107,123109],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123106,2696],{"class":63},[57,123108,68],{"class":67},[57,123110,45451],{"class":75},[57,123112,123113],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123114,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,123116,123117,123119,123121,123123],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,123118,102],{"class":101},[57,123120,105],{"class":71},[57,123122,364],{"class":113},[57,123124,316],{"class":71},[57,123126,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,123128,102],{"class":101},[57,123130,105],{"class":71},[57,123132,1886],{"class":1102},[57,123134,105],{"class":71},[57,123136,364],{"class":113},[57,123138,117],{"class":71},[57,123140,123141],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,123142,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,123144,123145,123147,123149,123151,123153,123155],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,123146,122993],{"class":63},[57,123148,68],{"class":67},[57,123150,49125],{"class":1102},[57,123152,105],{"class":71},[57,123154,364],{"class":113},[57,123156,316],{"class":71},[57,123158,123159,123161,123163,123165],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,123160,102],{"class":101},[57,123162,105],{"class":71},[57,123164,123016],{"class":113},[57,123166,316],{"class":71},[57,123168,123169,123171,123173,123175,123177,123179],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,123170,102],{"class":101},[57,123172,105],{"class":71},[57,123174,1886],{"class":1102},[57,123176,105],{"class":71},[57,123178,123016],{"class":113},[57,123180,117],{"class":71},[20,123182,123183,123184,2441,123186,123188,123189,620],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123185,2440],{},[15,123187,2444],{},", or another type into ",[15,123190,1103],{},[43,123192,2011],{"id":2010},[943,123194,2015,123196,2018],{"id":123195},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123197,47906],{},[20,123199,123200],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[943,123202,12933,123204,123206],{"id":123203},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123205,47906],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123208,123209],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[943,123211,2025,123213,123215],{"id":123212},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123214,47906],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123217,123218],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[943,123220,94586,123222,123224],{"id":123221},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123223,47906],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123226,123227],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[943,123229,15133,123231,57425,123233,2053],{"id":123230},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123232,47906],{},[15,123234,46677],{},[20,123236,46590,123237,123239,123240,123242],{},[15,123238,47906],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123241,46677],{}," shows output.",[43,123244,2135],{"id":2134},[30,123246,123247,123253,123259,123265,123271,123280,123284],{},[33,123248,123249],{},[614,123250,123251,2144],{"href":46674},[15,123252,46677],{},[33,123254,123255],{},[614,123256,123257,2144],{"href":2549},[15,123258,2552],{},[33,123260,123261],{},[614,123262,123263,2144],{"href":3118},[15,123264,3121],{},[33,123266,123267],{},[614,123268,123269,2144],{"href":3125},[15,123270,3128],{},[33,123272,123273],{},[614,123274,123276,123277,123279],{"href":123275},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123278,2440],{}," to string in Python",[33,123281,123282],{},[614,123283,90678],{"href":89687},[33,123285,123286],{},[614,123287,30577,123288],{"href":90400},[15,123289,90401],{},[2172,123291,123292],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":123294},[123295,123296,123298,123299,123305,123307,123309,123311,123320,123321,123322,123323,123335],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":121713,"depth":98,"text":123297},"What str() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":121880,"depth":98,"text":121881,"children":123300},[123301,123302,123303,123304],{"id":121884,"depth":120,"text":121885},{"id":121970,"depth":120,"text":121971},{"id":122057,"depth":120,"text":122058},{"id":122143,"depth":120,"text":122144},{"id":122259,"depth":98,"text":123306},"When to use str()",{"id":122390,"depth":98,"text":123308},"str() vs print()",{"id":122559,"depth":98,"text":123310},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":123312},[123313,123315,123316,123318],{"id":122597,"depth":120,"text":123314},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122732,"depth":120,"text":122733},{"id":122794,"depth":120,"text":123317},"Using str() too early",{"id":122852,"depth":120,"text":123319},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":113721,"depth":98,"text":113722},{"id":123093,"depth":98,"text":123094},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":123324},[123325,123327,123329,123331,123333],{"id":123195,"depth":120,"text":123326},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123203,"depth":120,"text":123328},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123212,"depth":120,"text":123330},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123221,"depth":120,"text":123332},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123230,"depth":120,"text":123334},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42403,"description":123336},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123343,"title":123344,"body":123345,"description":124798,"extension":2219,"meta":124799,"navigation":123,"path":124800,"seo":124801,"stem":124802,"__hash__":124803},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123346,"toc":124760},[123347,123353,123359,123362,123384,123386,123448,123450,123463,123469,123474,123479,123481,123494,123505,123507,123534,123536,123553,123560,123571,123573,123578,123580,123592,123600,123609,123611,123614,123667,123669,123677,123685,123689,123694,123734,123736,123744,123747,123749,123789,123791,123799,123809,123815,123818,123891,123893,123906,123910,123915,123943,123946,123981,123983,123991,123994,123998,124002,124004,124020,124022,124062,124064,124072,124081,124124,124126,124134,124136,124140,124146,124149,124189,124191,124199,124204,124207,124250,124254,124257,124292,124297,124299,124338,124348,124356,124366,124374,124378,124383,124385,124426,124428,124436,124441,124444,124447,124465,124471,124475,124480,124483,124523,124525,124530,124629,124632,124648,124650,124669,124671,124678,124681,124687,124690,124696,124700,124706,124709,124715,124718,124720,124757],[10,123348,123350,123351,11549],{"id":123349},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123352,57510],{},[20,123354,123355,123356,123358],{},"The Python string ",[15,123357,57510],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123360,123361],{},"This reference page explains:",[30,123363,123364,123368,123371,123373,123381],{},[33,123365,26250,123366,265],{},[15,123367,57510],{},[33,123369,123370],{},"its syntax",[33,123372,35625],{},[33,123374,123375,123376,1242,123378,123380],{},"how ",[15,123377,36304],{},[15,123379,52879],{}," work",[33,123382,123383],{},"common beginner mistakes",[43,123385,46],{"id":45},[48,123387,123389],{"className":50,"code":123388,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123390,123391,123403,123425],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123392,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123394,34918],{"class":63},[57,123396,68],{"class":67},[57,123398,181],{"class":169},[57,123400,184],{"class":173},[57,123402,3602],{"class":169},[57,123404,123405,123407,123409,123411,123413,123415,123417,123419,123421,123423],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123406,102],{"class":101},[57,123408,105],{"class":71},[57,123410,1222],{"class":113},[57,123412,620],{"class":71},[57,123414,41486],{"class":113},[57,123416,105],{"class":71},[57,123418,170],{"class":169},[57,123420,614],{"class":173},[57,123422,170],{"class":169},[57,123424,117],{"class":71},[57,123426,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439,123441,123444,123446],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,123428,102],{"class":101},[57,123430,105],{"class":71},[57,123432,1222],{"class":113},[57,123434,620],{"class":71},[57,123436,41486],{"class":113},[57,123438,105],{"class":71},[57,123440,170],{"class":169},[57,123442,123443],{"class":173},"na",[57,123445,170],{"class":169},[57,123447,117],{"class":71},[20,123449,216],{},[48,123451,123453],{"className":50,"code":123452,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"3\n2\n",[15,123454,123455,123459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123456,123457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123458,46841],{"class":75},[57,123460,123461],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123462,17286],{"class":75},[20,123464,1806,123465,123468],{},[15,123466,123467],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[43,123470,13226,123472,13229],{"id":123471},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123473,57510],{},[20,123475,123476,123478],{},[15,123477,57510],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123480,13282],{},[30,123482,123483,123486,123489,123491],{},[33,123484,123485],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[33,123487,123488],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[33,123490,43883],{},[33,123492,123493],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123495,123496,123497,123499,123500,2441,123502,123504],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123498,18327],{}," characters are in ",[15,123501,854],{},[15,123503,57510],{}," is a simple choice.",[43,123506,294],{"id":293},[48,123508,123510],{"className":50,"code":123509,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123511,123512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123513,123514,123516,123518,123520,123522,123524,123526,123528,123530,123532],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123515,61392],{"class":63},[57,123517,620],{"class":71},[57,123519,41486],{"class":113},[57,123521,105],{"class":71},[57,123523,364],{"class":113},[57,123525,79],{"class":71},[57,123527,36283],{"class":113},[57,123529,79],{"class":71},[57,123531,65259],{"class":113},[57,123533,316],{"class":71},[943,123535,17625],{"id":17624},[30,123537,123538,123543,123548],{},[33,123539,123540,123542],{},[15,123541,364],{},": the text to search for",[33,123544,123545,123547],{},[15,123546,36304],{},": optional; where counting begins",[33,123549,123550,123552],{},[15,123551,52879],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123554,123555,1242,123557,123559],{},[15,123556,36304],{},[15,123558,52879],{}," work like slice positions:",[30,123561,123562,123567],{},[33,123563,123564,123566],{},[15,123565,36304],{}," is included",[33,123568,123569,75949],{},[15,123570,52879],{},[43,123572,17649],{"id":17648},[20,123574,123575,123577],{},[15,123576,57510],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123579,2378],{},[30,123581,123582,123587],{},[33,123583,123584,123585],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123586,76],{},[33,123588,123589,123590],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123591,1294],{},[20,123593,1397,123594,5392,123596,3122,123598,620],{},[1399,123595,1401],{},[15,123597,3845],{},[15,123599,3914],{},[20,123601,123602,123603,123608],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[614,123604,123606,101596],{"href":123605},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123607,1969],{}," is often a better fit.",[43,123610,11703],{"id":11702},[20,123612,123613],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[48,123615,123617],{"className":50,"code":123616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123618,123619,123631,123653,123657],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123620,123621,123623,123625,123627,123629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123622,34918],{"class":63},[57,123624,68],{"class":67},[57,123626,181],{"class":169},[57,123628,174],{"class":173},[57,123630,3602],{"class":169},[57,123632,123633,123635,123637,123639,123641,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123634,1336],{"class":63},[57,123636,68],{"class":67},[57,123638,1212],{"class":63},[57,123640,620],{"class":71},[57,123642,41486],{"class":113},[57,123644,105],{"class":71},[57,123646,170],{"class":169},[57,123648,20],{"class":173},[57,123650,170],{"class":169},[57,123652,316],{"class":71},[57,123654,123655],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,123656,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,123658,123659,123661,123663,123665],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,123660,102],{"class":101},[57,123662,105],{"class":71},[57,123664,1368],{"class":113},[57,123666,316],{"class":71},[20,123668,216],{},[48,123670,123671],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123672,123673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123674,123675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123676,17286],{"class":75},[20,123678,64038,123679,123682,123683,620],{},[15,123680,123681],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123684,58053],{},[43,123686,123688],{"id":123687},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123690,123691,123693],{},[15,123692,57510],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[48,123695,123697],{"className":50,"code":123696,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123698,123699,123712],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123700,123701,123703,123705,123707,123710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123702,34918],{"class":63},[57,123704,68],{"class":67},[57,123706,181],{"class":169},[57,123708,123709],{"class":173},"cat dog cat bird cat",[57,123711,3602],{"class":169},[57,123713,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728,123730,123732],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123715,102],{"class":101},[57,123717,105],{"class":71},[57,123719,1222],{"class":113},[57,123721,620],{"class":71},[57,123723,41486],{"class":113},[57,123725,105],{"class":71},[57,123727,170],{"class":169},[57,123729,964],{"class":173},[57,123731,170],{"class":169},[57,123733,117],{"class":71},[20,123735,216],{},[48,123737,123738],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123739,123740],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123741,123742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123743,46841],{"class":75},[20,123745,123746],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123748,864],{},[48,123750,123752],{"className":50,"code":123751,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123753,123754,123767],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123755,123756,123758,123760,123762,123765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123757,34918],{"class":63},[57,123759,68],{"class":67},[57,123761,181],{"class":169},[57,123763,123764],{"class":173},"one One one",[57,123766,3602],{"class":169},[57,123768,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777,123779,123781,123783,123785,123787],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123770,102],{"class":101},[57,123772,105],{"class":71},[57,123774,1222],{"class":113},[57,123776,620],{"class":71},[57,123778,41486],{"class":113},[57,123780,105],{"class":71},[57,123782,170],{"class":169},[57,123784,6815],{"class":173},[57,123786,170],{"class":169},[57,123788,117],{"class":71},[20,123790,216],{},[48,123792,123793],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123794,123795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123796,123797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123798,17286],{"class":75},[20,123800,123801,123802,123805,123806,123808],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123803,123804],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123807,57510],{}," is case-sensitive.",[43,123810,443,123811,1242,123813],{"id":65624},[15,123812,36304],{},[15,123814,52879],{},[20,123816,123817],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[48,123819,123821],{"className":50,"code":123820,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123822,123823,123835,123861],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123824,123825,123827,123829,123831,123833],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123826,34918],{"class":63},[57,123828,68],{"class":67},[57,123830,181],{"class":169},[57,123832,184],{"class":173},[57,123834,3602],{"class":169},[57,123836,123837,123839,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123838,102],{"class":101},[57,123840,105],{"class":71},[57,123842,1222],{"class":113},[57,123844,620],{"class":71},[57,123846,41486],{"class":113},[57,123848,105],{"class":71},[57,123850,170],{"class":169},[57,123852,614],{"class":173},[57,123854,170],{"class":169},[57,123856,79],{"class":71},[57,123858,87],{"class":75},[57,123860,117],{"class":71},[57,123862,123863,123865,123867,123869,123871,123873,123875,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885,123887,123889],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,123864,102],{"class":101},[57,123866,105],{"class":71},[57,123868,1222],{"class":113},[57,123870,620],{"class":71},[57,123872,41486],{"class":113},[57,123874,105],{"class":71},[57,123876,170],{"class":169},[57,123878,614],{"class":173},[57,123880,170],{"class":169},[57,123882,79],{"class":71},[57,123884,87],{"class":75},[57,123886,79],{"class":71},[57,123888,92],{"class":75},[57,123890,117],{"class":71},[20,123892,216],{},[48,123894,123896],{"className":50,"code":123895,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"2\n1\n",[15,123897,123898,123902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123899,123900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123901,17286],{"class":75},[57,123903,123904],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123905,47141],{"class":75},[943,123907,123909],{"id":123908},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123911,123912,123913,270],{},"In ",[15,123914,854],{},[30,123916,123917,123925,123933],{},[33,123918,71179,123919,123921,123922],{},[15,123920,1788],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123923,123924],{},"\"n\"",[33,123926,123927,123930,123931,76247],{},[15,123928,123929],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123932,1788],{},[33,123934,123935,123930,123938,123940,123941],{},[15,123936,123937],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123939,1788],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123942,2389],{},[20,123944,123945],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[48,123947,123949],{"className":50,"code":123948,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123950,123951,123963],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123952,123953,123955,123957,123959,123961],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123954,34918],{"class":63},[57,123956,68],{"class":67},[57,123958,181],{"class":169},[57,123960,184],{"class":173},[57,123962,3602],{"class":169},[57,123964,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977,123979],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,123966,102],{"class":101},[57,123968,105],{"class":71},[57,123970,1222],{"class":113},[57,123972,1785],{"class":71},[57,123974,1788],{"class":75},[57,123976,270],{"class":71},[57,123978,2389],{"class":75},[57,123980,1975],{"class":71},[20,123982,216],{},[48,123984,123985],{"className":50,"code":41695,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,123986,123987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,123988,123989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,123990,41695],{"class":63},[20,123992,123993],{},"Only that section is searched.",[43,123995,123997],{"id":123996},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123999,124000,123808],{},[15,124001,57510],{},[20,124003,2360],{},[30,124005,124006,124014],{},[33,124007,124008,1242,124010,124013],{},[15,124009,18327],{},[15,124011,124012],{},"\"A\""," are different",[33,124015,124016,1242,124018,124013],{},[15,124017,64753],{},[15,124019,90413],{},[20,124021,864],{},[48,124023,124025],{"className":50,"code":124024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124026,124027,124040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124028,124029,124031,124033,124035,124038],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124030,34918],{"class":63},[57,124032,68],{"class":67},[57,124034,181],{"class":169},[57,124036,124037],{"class":173},"Apple apple APPLE",[57,124039,3602],{"class":169},[57,124041,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050,124052,124054,124056,124058,124060],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124043,102],{"class":101},[57,124045,105],{"class":71},[57,124047,1222],{"class":113},[57,124049,620],{"class":71},[57,124051,41486],{"class":113},[57,124053,105],{"class":71},[57,124055,170],{"class":169},[57,124057,174],{"class":173},[57,124059,170],{"class":169},[57,124061,117],{"class":71},[20,124063,216],{},[48,124065,124066],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124067,124068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124069,124070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124071,47141],{"class":75},[20,124073,124074,124075,270],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[614,124076,124078],{"href":124077},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124079,124080],{},"lower()",[48,124082,124084],{"className":50,"code":124083,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124085,124086,124098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124087,124088,124090,124092,124094,124096],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124089,34918],{"class":63},[57,124091,68],{"class":67},[57,124093,181],{"class":169},[57,124095,124037],{"class":173},[57,124097,3602],{"class":169},[57,124099,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116,124118,124120,124122],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124101,102],{"class":101},[57,124103,105],{"class":71},[57,124105,1222],{"class":113},[57,124107,620],{"class":71},[57,124109,1109],{"class":113},[57,124111,8865],{"class":71},[57,124113,41486],{"class":113},[57,124115,105],{"class":71},[57,124117,170],{"class":169},[57,124119,174],{"class":173},[57,124121,170],{"class":169},[57,124123,117],{"class":71},[20,124125,216],{},[48,124127,124128],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124129,124130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124131,124132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124133,46841],{"class":75},[43,124135,1829],{"id":1828},[20,124137,23325,124138,620],{},[15,124139,57510],{},[943,124141,1848,124143,124145],{"id":124142},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124144,57510],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124147,124148],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[48,124150,124152],{"className":50,"code":124151,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124153,124154,124167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124155,124156,124158,124160,124162,124165],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124157,34918],{"class":63},[57,124159,68],{"class":67},[57,124161,181],{"class":169},[57,124163,124164],{"class":173},"Aardvark",[57,124166,3602],{"class":169},[57,124168,124169,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124170,102],{"class":101},[57,124172,105],{"class":71},[57,124174,1222],{"class":113},[57,124176,620],{"class":71},[57,124178,41486],{"class":113},[57,124180,105],{"class":71},[57,124182,170],{"class":169},[57,124184,614],{"class":173},[57,124186,170],{"class":169},[57,124188,117],{"class":71},[20,124190,216],{},[48,124192,124193],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124194,124195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124196,124197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124198,17286],{"class":75},[20,124200,123801,124201,124203],{},[15,124202,124012],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124205,124206],{},"If needed, convert first:",[48,124208,124210],{"className":50,"code":124209,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124211,124212,124224],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124213,124214,124216,124218,124220,124222],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124215,34918],{"class":63},[57,124217,68],{"class":67},[57,124219,181],{"class":169},[57,124221,124164],{"class":173},[57,124223,3602],{"class":169},[57,124225,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124227,102],{"class":101},[57,124229,105],{"class":71},[57,124231,1222],{"class":113},[57,124233,620],{"class":71},[57,124235,1109],{"class":113},[57,124237,8865],{"class":71},[57,124239,41486],{"class":113},[57,124241,105],{"class":71},[57,124243,170],{"class":169},[57,124245,614],{"class":173},[57,124247,170],{"class":169},[57,124249,117],{"class":71},[943,124251,124253],{"id":124252},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124255,124256],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[48,124258,124260],{"className":50,"code":124259,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124261,124262,124274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124263,124264,124266,124268,124270,124272],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124265,34918],{"class":63},[57,124267,68],{"class":67},[57,124269,181],{"class":169},[57,124271,184],{"class":173},[57,124273,3602],{"class":169},[57,124275,124276,124278,124280,124282,124284,124286,124288,124290],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124277,102],{"class":101},[57,124279,105],{"class":71},[57,124281,1222],{"class":113},[57,124283,620],{"class":71},[57,124285,41486],{"class":113},[57,124287,105],{"class":71},[57,124289,614],{"class":113},[57,124291,117],{"class":71},[20,124293,124294,124295,620],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124296,614],{},[20,124298,11035],{},[48,124300,124302],{"className":50,"code":124301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124303,124304,124316],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124305,124306,124308,124310,124312,124314],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124307,34918],{"class":63},[57,124309,68],{"class":67},[57,124311,181],{"class":169},[57,124313,184],{"class":173},[57,124315,3602],{"class":169},[57,124317,124318,124320,124322,124324,124326,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124319,102],{"class":101},[57,124321,105],{"class":71},[57,124323,1222],{"class":113},[57,124325,620],{"class":71},[57,124327,41486],{"class":113},[57,124329,105],{"class":71},[57,124331,170],{"class":169},[57,124333,614],{"class":173},[57,124335,170],{"class":169},[57,124337,117],{"class":71},[943,124339,37434,124341,8932,124343,3122,124346],{"id":124340},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124342,57510],{},[15,124344,124345],{},"find()",[15,124347,59185],{},[20,124349,1806,124350,124352,124353,620],{},[15,124351,57510],{}," when you need the ",[1399,124354,124355],{},"number of matches",[20,124357,1806,124358,124352,124363,124365],{},[614,124359,124361],{"href":124360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124362,124345],{},[1399,124364,65165],{}," of the first match.",[20,124367,1806,124368,124373],{},[614,124369,124371],{"href":124370},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124372,59185],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[943,124375,124377],{"id":124376},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124379,124380,124382],{},[15,124381,57510],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124384,864],{},[48,124386,124388],{"className":50,"code":124387,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124389,124390,124403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124391,124392,124394,124396,124398,124401],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124393,34918],{"class":63},[57,124395,68],{"class":67},[57,124397,181],{"class":169},[57,124399,124400],{"class":173},"aaaa",[57,124402,3602],{"class":169},[57,124404,124405,124407,124409,124411,124413,124415,124417,124419,124422,124424],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124406,102],{"class":101},[57,124408,105],{"class":71},[57,124410,1222],{"class":113},[57,124412,620],{"class":71},[57,124414,41486],{"class":113},[57,124416,105],{"class":71},[57,124418,170],{"class":169},[57,124420,124421],{"class":173},"aa",[57,124423,170],{"class":169},[57,124425,117],{"class":71},[20,124427,216],{},[48,124429,124430],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,124431,124432],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124433,124434],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124435,17286],{"class":75},[20,124437,124438,124439,620],{},"It does not return ",[15,124440,76],{},[20,124442,124443],{},"Why not?",[20,124445,124446],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[30,124448,124449,124458],{},[33,124450,124451,124454,124455],{},[15,124452,124453],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124456,124457],{},"0-1",[33,124459,124460,124454,124462],{},[15,124461,124453],{},[15,124463,124464],{},"2-3",[20,124466,124467,124468,620],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124469,124470],{},"1-2",[43,124472,5194,124473],{"id":58592},[15,124474,57510],{},[20,124476,1806,124477,124479],{},[15,124478,57510],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124481,124482],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[30,124484,124485,124494,124504,124514],{},[33,124486,1806,124487,124489,124490,124493],{},[15,124488,57510],{}," when you need ",[1399,124491,124492],{},"how many times"," something appears",[33,124495,1806,124496,124489,124500,124503],{},[614,124497,124498],{"href":124360},[15,124499,124345],{},[1399,124501,124502],{},"where"," it appears",[33,124505,48033,124506,124510,124511],{},[614,124507,124508,101596],{"href":123605},[15,124509,1969],{}," when you only need to know ",[1399,124512,124513],{},"if it exists",[33,124515,1806,124516,124522],{},[614,124517,124519],{"href":124518},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124520,124521],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[43,124524,26173],{"id":26172},[20,124526,9103,124527,124529],{},[15,124528,57510],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[48,124531,124533],{"className":50,"code":124532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124534,124535,124545,124559,124581,124607],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124536,124537,124539,124541,124543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124538,102],{"class":101},[57,124540,105],{"class":71},[57,124542,1222],{"class":113},[57,124544,316],{"class":71},[57,124546,124547,124549,124551,124553,124555,124557],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124548,102],{"class":101},[57,124550,105],{"class":71},[57,124552,1886],{"class":1102},[57,124554,105],{"class":71},[57,124556,1222],{"class":113},[57,124558,117],{"class":71},[57,124560,124561,124563,124565,124567,124569,124571,124573,124575,124577,124579],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,124562,102],{"class":101},[57,124564,105],{"class":71},[57,124566,1222],{"class":113},[57,124568,620],{"class":71},[57,124570,41486],{"class":113},[57,124572,105],{"class":71},[57,124574,170],{"class":169},[57,124576,614],{"class":173},[57,124578,170],{"class":169},[57,124580,117],{"class":71},[57,124582,124583,124585,124587,124589,124591,124593,124595,124597,124599,124601,124603,124605],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,124584,102],{"class":101},[57,124586,105],{"class":71},[57,124588,1222],{"class":113},[57,124590,620],{"class":71},[57,124592,1109],{"class":113},[57,124594,8865],{"class":71},[57,124596,41486],{"class":113},[57,124598,105],{"class":71},[57,124600,170],{"class":169},[57,124602,614],{"class":173},[57,124604,170],{"class":169},[57,124606,117],{"class":71},[57,124608,124609,124611,124613,124615,124617,124619,124621,124623,124625,124627],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,124610,102],{"class":101},[57,124612,105],{"class":71},[57,124614,1222],{"class":113},[57,124616,620],{"class":71},[57,124618,41486],{"class":113},[57,124620,105],{"class":71},[57,124622,170],{"class":169},[57,124624,123443],{"class":173},[57,124626,170],{"class":169},[57,124628,117],{"class":71},[20,124630,124631],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[30,124633,124634,124637,124642,124645],{},[33,124635,124636],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,124638,124639,124641],{},[15,124640,1222],{}," not being a string",[33,124643,124644],{},"counting the wrong substring",[33,124646,124647],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124649,59081],{},[30,124651,124652,124655,124658,124661],{},[33,124653,124654],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[33,124656,124657],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[33,124659,124660],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[33,124662,50712,124663,44855,124665,3122,124667,73522],{},[15,124664,57510],{},[15,124666,124345],{},[15,124668,1969],{},[43,124670,2011],{"id":2010},[943,124672,124674,124675,124677],{"id":124673},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124676,57510],{}," change the original string?",[20,124679,124680],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[943,124682,15133,124684,124686],{"id":124683},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124685,57510],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124688,124689],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[943,124691,2015,124693,124695],{"id":124692},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124694,57510],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124697,5379,124698,620],{},[15,124699,1294],{},[943,124701,2025,124703,124705],{"id":124702},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124704,57510],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124707,124708],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[943,124710,12933,124712,124714],{"id":124711},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124713,57510],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124716,124717],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[43,124719,2135],{"id":2134},[30,124721,124722,124729,124736,124743,124750],{},[33,124723,124724],{},[614,124725,124726],{"href":124360},[15,124727,124728],{},"Python string find() method",[33,124730,124731],{},[614,124732,124733],{"href":124370},[15,124734,124735],{},"Python string index() method",[33,124737,124738],{},[614,124739,124740],{"href":124077},[15,124741,124742],{},"Python string lower() method",[33,124744,124745],{},[614,124746,124747],{"href":123605},[15,124748,124749],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[33,124751,124752],{},[614,124753,124754],{"href":124518},[15,124755,124756],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2172,124758,124759],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":124761},[124762,124763,124765,124768,124769,124770,124771,124774,124775,124783,124784,124785,124797],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":123471,"depth":98,"text":124764},"What the count() method does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":124766},[124767],{"id":17624,"depth":120,"text":17625},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":123687,"depth":98,"text":123688},{"id":65624,"depth":98,"text":66406,"children":124772},[124773],{"id":123908,"depth":120,"text":123909},{"id":123996,"depth":98,"text":123997},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":124776},[124777,124779,124780,124782],{"id":124142,"depth":120,"text":124778},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124252,"depth":120,"text":124253},{"id":124340,"depth":120,"text":124781},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124376,"depth":120,"text":124377},{"id":58592,"depth":98,"text":59221},{"id":26172,"depth":98,"text":26173},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":124786},[124787,124789,124791,124793,124795],{"id":124673,"depth":120,"text":124788},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124683,"depth":120,"text":124790},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124692,"depth":120,"text":124792},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124702,"depth":120,"text":124794},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124711,"depth":120,"text":124796},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123344,"description":124798},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124805,"title":124806,"body":124807,"description":126392,"extension":2219,"meta":126393,"navigation":123,"path":126394,"seo":126395,"stem":126396,"__hash__":126397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124808,"toc":126365},[124809,124812,124815,124912,124921,124923,124942,124946,124949,124952,124965,124968,124997,125002,125007,125065,125067,125100,125106,125110,125113,125116,125145,125148,125175,125178,125181,125185,125188,125195,125258,125260,125278,125281,125285,125288,125291,125333,125336,125380,125383,125386,125390,125395,125398,125441,125443,125466,125469,125502,125505,125554,125564,125568,125571,125574,125603,125606,125617,125619,125678,125681,125685,125688,125691,125706,125715,125718,125752,125755,125782,125785,125792,125794,125797,125799,125802,125816,125825,125827,125854,125858,125861,125875,125878,125937,125941,125944,125971,125974,126001,126009,126012,126072,126074,126107,126111,126114,126133,126138,126187,126192,126194,126197,126256,126274,126276,126280,126288,126292,126295,126299,126305,126309,126319,126323,126326,126328,126362],[10,124810,124806],{"id":124811},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124813,124814],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[48,124816,124818],{"className":50,"code":124817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124819,124820,124832,124844,124853,124867,124871,124881,124891,124902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124821,124822,124824,124826,124828,124830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124823,8103],{"class":63},[57,124825,68],{"class":67},[57,124827,181],{"class":169},[57,124829,5237],{"class":173},[57,124831,3602],{"class":169},[57,124833,124834,124836,124838,124840,124842],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124835,90002],{"class":63},[57,124837,68],{"class":67},[57,124839,3538],{"class":169},[57,124841,35097],{"class":173},[57,124843,29929],{"class":169},[57,124845,124846,124849,124851],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,124847,124848],{"class":63},"empty ",[57,124850,68],{"class":67},[57,124852,8108],{"class":169},[57,124854,124855,124857,124859,124861,124863,124865],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,124856,34918],{"class":63},[57,124858,68],{"class":67},[57,124860,49125],{"class":1102},[57,124862,105],{"class":71},[57,124864,50466],{"class":75},[57,124866,316],{"class":71},[57,124868,124869],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,124870,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,124872,124873,124875,124877,124879],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,124874,102],{"class":101},[57,124876,105],{"class":71},[57,124878,7898],{"class":113},[57,124880,316],{"class":71},[57,124882,124883,124885,124887,124889],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,124884,102],{"class":101},[57,124886,105],{"class":71},[57,124888,90019],{"class":113},[57,124890,316],{"class":71},[57,124892,124893,124895,124897,124900],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,124894,102],{"class":101},[57,124896,105],{"class":71},[57,124898,124899],{"class":113},"empty",[57,124901,316],{"class":71},[57,124903,124904,124906,124908,124910],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,124905,102],{"class":101},[57,124907,105],{"class":71},[57,124909,1222],{"class":113},[57,124911,316],{"class":71},[20,124913,124914,124917,124918,124920],{},[1399,124915,124916],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124919,47906],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[43,124922,15393],{"id":15392},[30,124924,124925,124928,124931,124934,124939],{},[33,124926,124927],{},"What a string is in Python",[33,124929,124930],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[33,124932,124933],{},"How to create an empty string",[33,124935,124936,124937],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124938,47906],{},[33,124940,124941],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[43,124943,124945],{"id":124944},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124947,124948],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124950,124951],{},"Strings can contain:",[30,124953,124954,124957,124959,124962],{},[33,124955,124956],{},"Letters",[33,124958,56681],{},[33,124960,124961],{},"Spaces",[33,124963,124964],{},"Symbols",[20,124966,124967],{},"Examples of strings:",[48,124969,124971],{"className":50,"code":124970,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124972,124973,124981,124989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,124974,124975,124977,124979],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,124976,170],{"class":43553},[57,124978,4084],{"class":43557},[57,124980,3602],{"class":43553},[57,124982,124983,124985,124987],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,124984,170],{"class":43553},[57,124986,50466],{"class":43557},[57,124988,3602],{"class":43553},[57,124990,124991,124993,124995],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,124992,170],{"class":43553},[57,124994,89144],{"class":43557},[57,124996,3602],{"class":43553},[20,124998,21208,124999,125001],{},[15,125000,50516],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125003,125004,125005,270],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125006,2552],{},[48,125008,125010],{"className":50,"code":125009,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125011,125012,125024,125033,125037,125051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125013,125014,125016,125018,125020,125022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125015,34918],{"class":63},[57,125017,68],{"class":67},[57,125019,181],{"class":169},[57,125021,50466],{"class":173},[57,125023,3602],{"class":169},[57,125025,125026,125028,125030],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125027,2469],{"class":63},[57,125029,68],{"class":67},[57,125031,125032],{"class":75}," 123\n",[57,125034,125035],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125036,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,125038,125039,125041,125043,125045,125047,125049],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,125040,102],{"class":101},[57,125042,105],{"class":71},[57,125044,1886],{"class":1102},[57,125046,105],{"class":71},[57,125048,1222],{"class":113},[57,125050,117],{"class":71},[57,125052,125053,125055,125057,125059,125061,125063],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,125054,102],{"class":101},[57,125056,105],{"class":71},[57,125058,1886],{"class":1102},[57,125060,105],{"class":71},[57,125062,2490],{"class":113},[57,125064,117],{"class":71},[20,125066,216],{},[48,125068,125070],{"className":50,"code":125069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125071,125072,125086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125073,125074,125076,125078,125080,125082,125084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125075,3532],{"class":67},[57,125077,3535],{"class":1208},[57,125079,3538],{"class":169},[57,125081,1103],{"class":173},[57,125083,3543],{"class":169},[57,125085,3546],{"class":67},[57,125087,125088,125090,125092,125094,125096,125098],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125089,3532],{"class":67},[57,125091,3535],{"class":1208},[57,125093,3538],{"class":169},[57,125095,2440],{"class":173},[57,125097,3543],{"class":169},[57,125099,3546],{"class":67},[20,125101,125102,125103,620],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[614,125104,125105],{"href":51196},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[43,125107,125109],{"id":125108},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125111,125112],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125114,125115],{},"You can use single quotes:",[48,125117,125119],{"className":50,"code":125118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125120,125121,125134],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125122,125123,125126,125128,125130,125132],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125124,125125],{"class":63},"greeting ",[57,125127,68],{"class":67},[57,125129,3538],{"class":169},[57,125131,4084],{"class":173},[57,125133,29929],{"class":169},[57,125135,125136,125138,125140,125143],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125137,102],{"class":101},[57,125139,105],{"class":71},[57,125141,125142],{"class":113},"greeting",[57,125144,316],{"class":71},[20,125146,125147],{},"Or double quotes:",[48,125149,125151],{"className":50,"code":125150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125152,125153,125165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125154,125155,125157,125159,125161,125163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125156,125125],{"class":63},[57,125158,68],{"class":67},[57,125160,181],{"class":169},[57,125162,4084],{"class":173},[57,125164,3602],{"class":169},[57,125166,125167,125169,125171,125173],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125168,102],{"class":101},[57,125170,105],{"class":71},[57,125172,125142],{"class":113},[57,125174,316],{"class":71},[20,125176,125177],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125179,125180],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[43,125182,125184],{"id":125183},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125186,125187],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125189,125190,125191,3122,125193,270],{},"Use either ",[15,125192,6502],{},[15,125194,4012],{},[48,125196,125198],{"className":50,"code":125197,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125199,125200,125209,125218,125222,125233,125244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125201,125202,125205,125207],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125203,125204],{"class":63},"empty1 ",[57,125206,68],{"class":67},[57,125208,8108],{"class":169},[57,125210,125211,125214,125216],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125212,125213],{"class":63},"empty2 ",[57,125215,68],{"class":67},[57,125217,47718],{"class":169},[57,125219,125220],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125221,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,125223,125224,125226,125228,125231],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,125225,102],{"class":101},[57,125227,105],{"class":71},[57,125229,125230],{"class":113},"empty1",[57,125232,316],{"class":71},[57,125234,125235,125237,125239,125242],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,125236,102],{"class":101},[57,125238,105],{"class":71},[57,125240,125241],{"class":113},"empty2",[57,125243,316],{"class":71},[57,125245,125246,125248,125250,125252,125254,125256],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,125247,102],{"class":101},[57,125249,105],{"class":71},[57,125251,1886],{"class":1102},[57,125253,105],{"class":71},[57,125255,125230],{"class":113},[57,125257,117],{"class":71},[20,125259,216],{},[48,125261,125262],{"className":50,"code":45996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,125263,125264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125265,125266,125268,125270,125272,125274,125276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125267,3532],{"class":67},[57,125269,3535],{"class":1208},[57,125271,3538],{"class":169},[57,125273,1103],{"class":173},[57,125275,3543],{"class":169},[57,125277,3546],{"class":67},[20,125279,125280],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[43,125282,125284],{"id":125283},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125286,125287],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125289,125290],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[48,125292,125294],{"className":50,"code":125293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125295,125296,125307,125312,125319,125323],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125297,125298,125300,125302,125305],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125299,90002],{"class":63},[57,125301,68],{"class":67},[57,125303,125304],{"class":169}," \"\"\"",[57,125306,88944],{"class":173},[57,125308,125309],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125310,125311],{"class":173},"Welcome to Python\n",[57,125313,125314,125317],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125315,125316],{"class":173},"Have a nice day",[57,125318,43561],{"class":169},[57,125320,125321],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,125322,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,125324,125325,125327,125329,125331],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,125326,102],{"class":101},[57,125328,105],{"class":71},[57,125330,90019],{"class":113},[57,125332,316],{"class":71},[20,125334,125335],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[48,125337,125339],{"className":50,"code":125338,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125340,125341,125353,125358,125366,125370],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125342,125343,125345,125347,125350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125344,90002],{"class":63},[57,125346,68],{"class":67},[57,125348,125349],{"class":169}," '''",[57,125351,125352],{"class":173},"Line 1\n",[57,125354,125355],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125356,125357],{"class":173},"Line 2\n",[57,125359,125360,125363],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125361,125362],{"class":173},"Line 3",[57,125364,125365],{"class":169},"'''\n",[57,125367,125368],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,125369,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,125371,125372,125374,125376,125378],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,125373,102],{"class":101},[57,125375,105],{"class":71},[57,125377,90019],{"class":113},[57,125379,316],{"class":71},[20,125381,125382],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125384,125385],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[43,125387,125389],{"id":125388},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125391,935,125392,125394],{},[15,125393,47906],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125396,125397],{},"Example with a number:",[48,125399,125401],{"className":50,"code":125400,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125402,125403,125417,125427],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125404,125405,125407,125409,125411,125413,125415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125406,34918],{"class":63},[57,125408,68],{"class":67},[57,125410,49125],{"class":1102},[57,125412,105],{"class":71},[57,125414,46751],{"class":75},[57,125416,316],{"class":71},[57,125418,125419,125421,125423,125425],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125420,102],{"class":101},[57,125422,105],{"class":71},[57,125424,1222],{"class":113},[57,125426,316],{"class":71},[57,125428,125429,125431,125433,125435,125437,125439],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125430,102],{"class":101},[57,125432,105],{"class":71},[57,125434,1886],{"class":1102},[57,125436,105],{"class":71},[57,125438,1222],{"class":113},[57,125440,117],{"class":71},[20,125442,216],{},[48,125444,125446],{"className":50,"code":125445,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125447,125448,125452],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125449,125450],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125451,756],{"class":75},[57,125453,125454,125456,125458,125460,125462,125464],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125455,3532],{"class":67},[57,125457,3535],{"class":1208},[57,125459,3538],{"class":169},[57,125461,1103],{"class":173},[57,125463,3543],{"class":169},[57,125465,3546],{"class":67},[20,125467,125468],{},"You can also convert other values:",[48,125470,125472],{"className":50,"code":125471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125473,125474,125488],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482,125484,125486],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125477,102],{"class":101},[57,125479,105],{"class":71},[57,125481,1103],{"class":1102},[57,125483,105],{"class":71},[57,125485,3845],{"class":1523},[57,125487,117],{"class":71},[57,125489,125490,125492,125494,125496,125498,125500],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125491,102],{"class":101},[57,125493,105],{"class":71},[57,125495,1103],{"class":1102},[57,125497,105],{"class":71},[57,125499,40372],{"class":75},[57,125501,117],{"class":71},[20,125503,125504],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[48,125506,125508],{"className":50,"code":125507,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125509,125510,125518,125540,125544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125511,125512,125514,125516],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125513,21858],{"class":63},[57,125515,68],{"class":67},[57,125517,45451],{"class":75},[57,125519,125520,125522,125524,125526,125528,125530,125532,125534,125536,125538],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125521,90002],{"class":63},[57,125523,68],{"class":67},[57,125525,181],{"class":169},[57,125527,89420],{"class":173},[57,125529,170],{"class":169},[57,125531,2703],{"class":67},[57,125533,49125],{"class":1102},[57,125535,105],{"class":71},[57,125537,9526],{"class":113},[57,125539,316],{"class":71},[57,125541,125542],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125543,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,125545,125546,125548,125550,125552],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,125547,102],{"class":101},[57,125549,105],{"class":71},[57,125551,90019],{"class":113},[57,125553,316],{"class":71},[20,125555,125556,125557,3122,125561,620],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[614,125558,13,125559,2144],{"href":42402},[15,125560,47906],{},[614,125562,125563],{"href":123275},"how to convert int to string in Python",[43,125565,125567],{"id":125566},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125569,125570],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125572,125573],{},"Both of these are valid:",[48,125575,125577],{"className":50,"code":125576,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125578,125579,125591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125580,125581,125583,125585,125587,125589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125582,686],{"class":63},[57,125584,68],{"class":67},[57,125586,3538],{"class":169},[57,125588,7527],{"class":173},[57,125590,29929],{"class":169},[57,125592,125593,125595,125597,125599,125601],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125594,696],{"class":63},[57,125596,68],{"class":67},[57,125598,181],{"class":169},[57,125600,7527],{"class":173},[57,125602,3602],{"class":169},[20,125604,125605],{},"A common rule is:",[30,125607,125608,125611,125614],{},[33,125609,125610],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[33,125612,125613],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[33,125615,125616],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125618,864],{},[48,125620,125622],{"className":50,"code":125621,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125623,125624,125638,125652,125656,125667],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125625,125626,125629,125631,125633,125636],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125627,125628],{"class":63},"text1 ",[57,125630,68],{"class":67},[57,125632,181],{"class":169},[57,125634,125635],{"class":173},"It's working",[57,125637,3602],{"class":169},[57,125639,125640,125643,125645,125647,125650],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125641,125642],{"class":63},"text2 ",[57,125644,68],{"class":67},[57,125646,3538],{"class":169},[57,125648,125649],{"class":173},"She said \"hello\"",[57,125651,29929],{"class":169},[57,125653,125654],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125655,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,125657,125658,125660,125662,125665],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,125659,102],{"class":101},[57,125661,105],{"class":71},[57,125663,125664],{"class":113},"text1",[57,125666,316],{"class":71},[57,125668,125669,125671,125673,125676],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,125670,102],{"class":101},[57,125672,105],{"class":71},[57,125674,125675],{"class":113},"text2",[57,125677,316],{"class":71},[20,125679,125680],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[43,125682,125684],{"id":125683},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125686,125687],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125689,125690],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[48,125692,125694],{"className":50,"code":125693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125695,125696,125701],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125697,125698],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125699,125700],{"class":3903},"# This will cause an error\n",[57,125702,125703],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125704,125705],{"class":3903},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125707,125708,125709,35560,125711,125714],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125710,3543],{},[15,125712,125713],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125716,125717],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[48,125719,125721],{"className":50,"code":125720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125722,125723,125742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125724,125725,125727,125729,125731,125734,125737,125740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125726,34918],{"class":63},[57,125728,68],{"class":67},[57,125730,3538],{"class":169},[57,125732,125733],{"class":173},"It",[57,125735,125736],{"class":34683},"\\'",[57,125738,125739],{"class":173},"s working",[57,125741,29929],{"class":169},[57,125743,125744,125746,125748,125750],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125745,102],{"class":101},[57,125747,105],{"class":71},[57,125749,1222],{"class":113},[57,125751,316],{"class":71},[20,125753,125754],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[48,125756,125758],{"className":50,"code":125757,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125759,125760,125772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125761,125762,125764,125766,125768,125770],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125763,34918],{"class":63},[57,125765,68],{"class":67},[57,125767,181],{"class":169},[57,125769,125635],{"class":173},[57,125771,3602],{"class":169},[57,125773,125774,125776,125778,125780],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125775,102],{"class":101},[57,125777,105],{"class":71},[57,125779,1222],{"class":113},[57,125781,316],{"class":71},[20,125783,125784],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125786,125787,125788,620],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[614,125789,125791],{"href":125790},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[43,125793,1829],{"id":1828},[20,125795,125796],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[943,125798,90209],{"id":90208},[20,125800,125801],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[48,125803,125805],{"className":50,"code":125804,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125806,125807,125811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125808,125809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125810,125700],{"class":3903},[57,125812,125813],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125814,125815],{"class":3903},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125817,125818,125819,8829,125822,125824],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125820,125821],{},"NameError",[15,125823,5237],{}," is not defined.",[20,125826,11035],{},[48,125828,125830],{"className":50,"code":125829,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125831,125832,125844],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125833,125834,125836,125838,125840,125842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125835,8103],{"class":63},[57,125837,68],{"class":67},[57,125839,181],{"class":169},[57,125841,5237],{"class":173},[57,125843,3602],{"class":169},[57,125845,125846,125848,125850,125852],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125847,102],{"class":101},[57,125849,105],{"class":71},[57,125851,7898],{"class":113},[57,125853,316],{"class":71},[943,125855,125857],{"id":125856},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125859,125860],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[48,125862,125864],{"className":50,"code":125863,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125865,125866,125870],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125867,125868],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125869,125700],{"class":3903},[57,125871,125872],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125873,125874],{"class":3903},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125876,125877],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[48,125879,125881],{"className":50,"code":125880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125882,125883,125900,125913,125917,125927],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125884,125885,125887,125889,125891,125893,125895,125898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125886,125628],{"class":63},[57,125888,68],{"class":67},[57,125890,3538],{"class":169},[57,125892,125733],{"class":173},[57,125894,125736],{"class":34683},[57,125896,125897],{"class":173},"s good",[57,125899,29929],{"class":169},[57,125901,125902,125904,125906,125908,125911],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125903,125642],{"class":63},[57,125905,68],{"class":67},[57,125907,181],{"class":169},[57,125909,125910],{"class":173},"It's good",[57,125912,3602],{"class":169},[57,125914,125915],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,125916,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,125918,125919,125921,125923,125925],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,125920,102],{"class":101},[57,125922,105],{"class":71},[57,125924,125664],{"class":113},[57,125926,316],{"class":71},[57,125928,125929,125931,125933,125935],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,125930,102],{"class":101},[57,125932,105],{"class":71},[57,125934,125675],{"class":113},[57,125936,316],{"class":71},[943,125938,125940],{"id":125939},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125942,125943],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[48,125945,125947],{"className":50,"code":125946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125948,125949,125961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125950,125951,125953,125955,125957,125959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125952,34918],{"class":63},[57,125954,68],{"class":67},[57,125956,125304],{"class":169},[57,125958,4084],{"class":173},[57,125960,43561],{"class":169},[57,125962,125963,125965,125967,125969],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125964,102],{"class":101},[57,125966,105],{"class":71},[57,125968,1222],{"class":113},[57,125970,316],{"class":71},[20,125972,125973],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[48,125975,125977],{"className":50,"code":125976,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125978,125979,125991],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,125980,125981,125983,125985,125987,125989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,125982,34918],{"class":63},[57,125984,68],{"class":67},[57,125986,181],{"class":169},[57,125988,4084],{"class":173},[57,125990,3602],{"class":169},[57,125992,125993,125995,125997,125999],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,125994,102],{"class":101},[57,125996,105],{"class":71},[57,125998,1222],{"class":113},[57,126000,316],{"class":71},[943,126002,4812,126004,1242,126006,126008],{"id":126003},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126005,50466],{},[15,126007,50516],{}," are the same type",[20,126010,126011],{},"They are different:",[48,126013,126015],{"className":50,"code":126014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126016,126017,126026,126039,126043,126057],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126018,126019,126022,126024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126020,126021],{"class":63},"value1 ",[57,126023,68],{"class":67},[57,126025,125032],{"class":75},[57,126027,126028,126031,126033,126035,126037],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126029,126030],{"class":63},"value2 ",[57,126032,68],{"class":67},[57,126034,181],{"class":169},[57,126036,50466],{"class":173},[57,126038,3602],{"class":169},[57,126040,126041],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,126042,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,126044,126045,126047,126049,126051,126053,126055],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,126046,102],{"class":101},[57,126048,105],{"class":71},[57,126050,1886],{"class":1102},[57,126052,105],{"class":71},[57,126054,84765],{"class":113},[57,126056,117],{"class":71},[57,126058,126059,126061,126063,126065,126067,126070],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,126060,102],{"class":101},[57,126062,105],{"class":71},[57,126064,1886],{"class":1102},[57,126066,105],{"class":71},[57,126068,126069],{"class":113},"value2",[57,126071,117],{"class":71},[20,126073,216],{},[48,126075,126077],{"className":50,"code":126076,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126078,126079,126093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126080,126081,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126082,3532],{"class":67},[57,126084,3535],{"class":1208},[57,126086,3538],{"class":169},[57,126088,2440],{"class":173},[57,126090,3543],{"class":169},[57,126092,3546],{"class":67},[57,126094,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126096,3532],{"class":67},[57,126098,3535],{"class":1208},[57,126100,3538],{"class":169},[57,126102,1103],{"class":173},[57,126104,3543],{"class":169},[57,126106,3546],{"class":67},[943,126108,126110],{"id":126109},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126112,126113],{},"This causes a type error:",[48,126115,126117],{"className":50,"code":126116,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126118,126119,126123,126128],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126120,126121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126122,125700],{"class":3903},[57,126124,126125],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126126,126127],{"class":3903},"# age = 10\n",[57,126129,126130],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,126131,126132],{"class":3903},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126134,126135,126136,270],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126137,47906],{},[48,126139,126141],{"className":50,"code":126140,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126142,126143,126151,126173,126177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126144,126145,126147,126149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126146,21858],{"class":63},[57,126148,68],{"class":67},[57,126150,2832],{"class":75},[57,126152,126153,126155,126157,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126171],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126154,90002],{"class":63},[57,126156,68],{"class":67},[57,126158,181],{"class":169},[57,126160,89420],{"class":173},[57,126162,170],{"class":169},[57,126164,2703],{"class":67},[57,126166,49125],{"class":1102},[57,126168,105],{"class":71},[57,126170,9526],{"class":113},[57,126172,316],{"class":71},[57,126174,126175],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,126176,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,126178,126179,126181,126183,126185],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,126180,102],{"class":101},[57,126182,105],{"class":71},[57,126184,90019],{"class":113},[57,126186,316],{"class":71},[20,126188,126189,126190,620],{},"For this specific error, see ",[614,126191,90401],{"href":90400},[943,126193,60928],{"id":60927},[20,126195,126196],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[48,126198,126200],{"className":50,"code":126199,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126201,126202,126214,126218,126228,126242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126203,126204,126206,126208,126210,126212],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126205,34918],{"class":63},[57,126207,68],{"class":67},[57,126209,181],{"class":169},[57,126211,4084],{"class":173},[57,126213,3602],{"class":169},[57,126215,126216],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126217,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,126219,126220,126222,126224,126226],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,126221,102],{"class":101},[57,126223,105],{"class":71},[57,126225,1222],{"class":113},[57,126227,316],{"class":71},[57,126229,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,126231,102],{"class":101},[57,126233,105],{"class":71},[57,126235,1886],{"class":1102},[57,126237,105],{"class":71},[57,126239,1222],{"class":113},[57,126241,117],{"class":71},[57,126243,126244,126246,126248,126250,126252,126254],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,126245,102],{"class":101},[57,126247,105],{"class":71},[57,126249,42006],{"class":101},[57,126251,105],{"class":71},[57,126253,1222],{"class":113},[57,126255,117],{"class":71},[30,126257,126258,126263,126268],{},[33,126259,126260,46503],{},[15,126261,126262],{},"print(text)",[33,126264,126265,46508],{},[15,126266,126267],{},"print(type(text))",[33,126269,126270,126273],{},[15,126271,126272],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[43,126275,2011],{"id":2010},[943,126277,126279],{"id":126278},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126281,126282,126283,3122,126286,620],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126284,126285],{},"'hello'",[15,126287,64753],{},[943,126289,126291],{"id":126290},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126293,126294],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[943,126296,126298],{"id":126297},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126300,1806,126301,3122,126303,620],{},[15,126302,6502],{},[15,126304,4012],{},[943,126306,126308],{"id":126307},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126310,1806,126311,126313,126314,126316,126317,620],{},[15,126312,47906],{},", like ",[15,126315,80582],{},", which returns ",[15,126318,42353],{},[943,126320,126322],{"id":126321},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126324,126325],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[43,126327,2135],{"id":2134},[30,126329,126330,126334,126340,126345,126354,126358],{},[33,126331,126332],{},[614,126333,125105],{"href":51196},[33,126335,126336],{},[614,126337,13,126338,2144],{"href":42402},[15,126339,47906],{},[33,126341,126342],{},[614,126343,126344],{"href":123275},"How to convert int to string in Python",[33,126346,126347],{},[614,126348,126350,126351,10968],{"href":126349},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126352,126353],{},"format()",[33,126355,126356],{},[614,126357,125791],{"href":125790},[33,126359,126360],{},[614,126361,90401],{"href":90400},[2172,126363,126364],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":126366},[126367,126368,126369,126370,126371,126372,126373,126374,126375,126384,126391],{"id":15392,"depth":98,"text":15393},{"id":124944,"depth":98,"text":124945},{"id":125108,"depth":98,"text":125109},{"id":125183,"depth":98,"text":125184},{"id":125283,"depth":98,"text":125284},{"id":125388,"depth":98,"text":125389},{"id":125566,"depth":98,"text":125567},{"id":125683,"depth":98,"text":125684},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":126376},[126377,126378,126379,126380,126382,126383],{"id":90208,"depth":120,"text":90209},{"id":125856,"depth":120,"text":125857},{"id":125939,"depth":120,"text":125940},{"id":126003,"depth":120,"text":126381},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126109,"depth":120,"text":126110},{"id":60927,"depth":120,"text":60928},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":126385},[126386,126387,126388,126389,126390],{"id":126278,"depth":120,"text":126279},{"id":126290,"depth":120,"text":126291},{"id":126297,"depth":120,"text":126298},{"id":126307,"depth":120,"text":126308},{"id":126321,"depth":120,"text":126322},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124806,"description":126392},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126399,"title":126400,"body":126401,"description":128315,"extension":2219,"meta":128316,"navigation":123,"path":128317,"seo":128318,"stem":128319,"__hash__":128320},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126402,"toc":128276},[126403,126409,126414,126422,126424,126491,126493,126505,126514,126519,126523,126540,126542,126607,126609,126621,126626,126628,126656,126677,126680,126719,126721,126729,126733,126737,126741,126749,126752,126793,126795,126803,126806,126863,126865,126873,126877,126882,126926,126928,126936,126945,126949,126954,127002,127004,127012,127018,127020,127024,127036,127041,127120,127122,127142,127146,127150,127190,127192,127200,127204,127247,127249,127257,127261,127301,127303,127311,127315,127371,127373,127381,127387,127389,127393,127403,127470,127472,127485,127492,127535,127537,127545,127549,127552,127608,127610,127618,127621,127623,127700,127702,127710,127719,127721,127725,127729,127731,127753,127756,127803,127807,127846,127848,127856,127858,127900,127907,127912,127974,127976,127988,127994,127999,128048,128050,128069,128075,128077,128096,128098,128189,128191,128197,128204,128210,128216,128221,128230,128237,128245,128247,128273],[10,126404,123350,126406,11549],{"id":126405},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126407,126408],{},"endswith()",[20,126410,123355,126411,126413],{},[15,126412,126408],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126415,126416,126417,3122,126419,126421],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126418,3845],{},[15,126420,3914],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[43,126423,46],{"id":45},[48,126425,126427],{"className":50,"code":126426,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126428,126429,126443,126468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126430,126431,126434,126436,126438,126441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126432,126433],{"class":63},"filename ",[57,126435,68],{"class":67},[57,126437,181],{"class":169},[57,126439,126440],{"class":173},"report.csv",[57,126442,3602],{"class":169},[57,126444,126445,126447,126449,126452,126454,126457,126459,126461,126464,126466],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126446,102],{"class":101},[57,126448,105],{"class":71},[57,126450,126451],{"class":113},"filename",[57,126453,620],{"class":71},[57,126455,126456],{"class":113},"endswith",[57,126458,105],{"class":71},[57,126460,170],{"class":169},[57,126462,126463],{"class":173},".csv",[57,126465,170],{"class":169},[57,126467,117],{"class":71},[57,126469,126470,126472,126474,126476,126478,126480,126482,126484,126487,126489],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,126471,102],{"class":101},[57,126473,105],{"class":71},[57,126475,126451],{"class":113},[57,126477,620],{"class":71},[57,126479,126456],{"class":113},[57,126481,105],{"class":71},[57,126483,170],{"class":169},[57,126485,126486],{"class":173},".txt",[57,126488,170],{"class":169},[57,126490,117],{"class":71},[20,126492,216],{},[48,126494,126495],{"className":50,"code":44399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126496,126497,126501],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126498,126499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126500,4214],{"class":1523},[57,126502,126503],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126504,4275],{"class":1523},[20,126506,1806,126507,5600,126509,3122,126511,126513],{},[15,126508,126408],{},[15,126510,3845],{},[15,126512,3914],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[43,126515,262,126517,265],{"id":126516},"what-endswith-does",[15,126518,126408],{},[20,126520,126521,270],{},[15,126522,126408],{},[30,126524,126525,126528,126534,126537],{},[33,126526,126527],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[33,126529,11651,126530,3122,126532],{},[15,126531,3845],{},[15,126533,3914],{},[33,126535,126536],{},"Does not change the original string",[33,126538,126539],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126541,864],{},[48,126543,126545],{"className":50,"code":126544,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126546,126547,126559,126563,126585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126548,126549,126551,126553,126555,126557],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126550,34918],{"class":63},[57,126552,68],{"class":67},[57,126554,181],{"class":169},[57,126556,60624],{"class":173},[57,126558,3602],{"class":169},[57,126560,126561],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126562,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,126564,126565,126567,126569,126571,126573,126575,126577,126579,126581,126583],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,126566,102],{"class":101},[57,126568,105],{"class":71},[57,126570,1222],{"class":113},[57,126572,620],{"class":71},[57,126574,126456],{"class":113},[57,126576,105],{"class":71},[57,126578,170],{"class":169},[57,126580,60809],{"class":173},[57,126582,170],{"class":169},[57,126584,117],{"class":71},[57,126586,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603,126605],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,126588,102],{"class":101},[57,126590,105],{"class":71},[57,126592,1222],{"class":113},[57,126594,620],{"class":71},[57,126596,126456],{"class":113},[57,126598,105],{"class":71},[57,126600,170],{"class":169},[57,126602,4084],{"class":173},[57,126604,170],{"class":169},[57,126606,117],{"class":71},[20,126608,216],{},[48,126610,126611],{"className":50,"code":44399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126612,126613,126617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126614,126615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126616,4214],{"class":1523},[57,126618,126619],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126620,4275],{"class":1523},[20,126622,126623,126624,620],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[614,126625,125105],{"href":51196},[43,126627,294],{"id":293},[48,126629,126631],{"className":50,"code":126630,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126632,126633],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126634,126635,126637,126639,126641,126643,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126636,61392],{"class":63},[57,126638,620],{"class":71},[57,126640,126456],{"class":113},[57,126642,105],{"class":71},[57,126644,126645],{"class":113},"suffix",[57,126647,79],{"class":71},[57,126649,36283],{"class":113},[57,126651,79],{"class":71},[57,126653,65259],{"class":113},[57,126655,316],{"class":71},[30,126657,126658,126663,126670],{},[33,126659,126660,126662],{},[15,126661,126645],{}," is required",[33,126664,126665,1242,126667,126669],{},[15,126666,36304],{},[15,126668,52879],{}," are optional",[33,126671,126672,1242,126674,126676],{},[15,126673,36304],{},[15,126675,52879],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126678,126679],{},"Basic example:",[48,126681,126683],{"className":50,"code":126682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126684,126685,126697],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126686,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126688,126433],{"class":63},[57,126690,68],{"class":67},[57,126692,181],{"class":169},[57,126694,86890],{"class":173},[57,126696,3602],{"class":169},[57,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126717],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126700,102],{"class":101},[57,126702,105],{"class":71},[57,126704,126451],{"class":113},[57,126706,620],{"class":71},[57,126708,126456],{"class":113},[57,126710,105],{"class":71},[57,126712,170],{"class":169},[57,126714,126486],{"class":173},[57,126716,170],{"class":169},[57,126718,117],{"class":71},[20,126720,216],{},[48,126722,126723],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126724,126725],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126726,126727],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126728,4214],{"class":1523},[43,126730,126732],{"id":126731},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[943,126734,126735],{"id":126645},[15,126736,126645],{},[20,126738,126739,30980],{},[15,126740,126645],{},[30,126742,126743,126746],{},[33,126744,126745],{},"A single string",[33,126747,126748],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126750,126751],{},"Single suffix:",[48,126753,126755],{"className":50,"code":126754,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126756,126757,126770],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126758,126759,126761,126763,126765,126768],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126760,8103],{"class":63},[57,126762,68],{"class":67},[57,126764,181],{"class":169},[57,126766,126767],{"class":173},"image.png",[57,126769,3602],{"class":169},[57,126771,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786,126789,126791],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126773,102],{"class":101},[57,126775,105],{"class":71},[57,126777,7898],{"class":113},[57,126779,620],{"class":71},[57,126781,126456],{"class":113},[57,126783,105],{"class":71},[57,126785,170],{"class":169},[57,126787,126788],{"class":173},".png",[57,126790,170],{"class":169},[57,126792,117],{"class":71},[20,126794,216],{},[48,126796,126797],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126798,126799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126800,126801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126802,4214],{"class":1523},[20,126804,126805],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[48,126807,126809],{"className":50,"code":126808,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126810,126811,126823],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126812,126813,126815,126817,126819,126821],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126814,8103],{"class":63},[57,126816,68],{"class":67},[57,126818,181],{"class":169},[57,126820,126767],{"class":173},[57,126822,3602],{"class":169},[57,126824,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126842,126844,126846,126848,126850,126852,126854,126856,126859,126861],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126826,102],{"class":101},[57,126828,105],{"class":71},[57,126830,7898],{"class":113},[57,126832,620],{"class":71},[57,126834,126456],{"class":113},[57,126836,5742],{"class":71},[57,126838,170],{"class":169},[57,126840,126841],{"class":173},".jpg",[57,126843,170],{"class":169},[57,126845,79],{"class":71},[57,126847,181],{"class":169},[57,126849,126788],{"class":173},[57,126851,170],{"class":169},[57,126853,79],{"class":71},[57,126855,181],{"class":169},[57,126857,126858],{"class":173},".gif",[57,126860,170],{"class":169},[57,126862,1225],{"class":71},[20,126864,216],{},[48,126866,126867],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126868,126869],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126870,126871],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126872,4214],{"class":1523},[943,126874,126875],{"id":36304},[15,126876,36304],{},[20,126878,126879,126881],{},[15,126880,36304],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[48,126883,126885],{"className":50,"code":126884,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126886,126887,126900],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126888,126889,126891,126893,126895,126898],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126890,34918],{"class":63},[57,126892,68],{"class":67},[57,126894,181],{"class":169},[57,126896,126897],{"class":173},"my_report.csv",[57,126899,3602],{"class":169},[57,126901,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912,126914,126916,126918,126920,126922,126924],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126903,102],{"class":101},[57,126905,105],{"class":71},[57,126907,1222],{"class":113},[57,126909,620],{"class":71},[57,126911,126456],{"class":113},[57,126913,105],{"class":71},[57,126915,170],{"class":169},[57,126917,126463],{"class":173},[57,126919,170],{"class":169},[57,126921,79],{"class":71},[57,126923,1793],{"class":75},[57,126925,117],{"class":71},[20,126927,216],{},[48,126929,126930],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,126931,126932],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126933,126934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126935,4214],{"class":1523},[20,126937,126938,126939,126941,126942,620],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126940,76],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126943,126944],{},"\"report.csv\"",[943,126946,126947],{"id":52879},[15,126948,52879],{},[20,126950,126951,126953],{},[15,126952,52879],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[48,126955,126957],{"className":50,"code":126956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126958,126959,126972],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,126960,126961,126963,126965,126967,126970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,126962,34918],{"class":63},[57,126964,68],{"class":67},[57,126966,181],{"class":169},[57,126968,126969],{"class":173},"report.csv backup",[57,126971,3602],{"class":169},[57,126973,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982,126984,126986,126988,126990,126992,126994,126996,126998,127000],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,126975,102],{"class":101},[57,126977,105],{"class":71},[57,126979,1222],{"class":113},[57,126981,620],{"class":71},[57,126983,126456],{"class":113},[57,126985,105],{"class":71},[57,126987,170],{"class":169},[57,126989,126463],{"class":173},[57,126991,170],{"class":169},[57,126993,79],{"class":71},[57,126995,4072],{"class":75},[57,126997,79],{"class":71},[57,126999,6234],{"class":75},[57,127001,117],{"class":71},[20,127003,216],{},[48,127005,127006],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127007,127008],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127009,127010],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127011,4214],{"class":1523},[20,127013,127014,127015,127017],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127016,126944],{}," and ignores the rest.",[43,127019,17649],{"id":17648},[20,127021,127022,25739],{},[15,127023,126408],{},[30,127025,127026,127031],{},[33,127027,127028,127030],{},[15,127029,3845],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[33,127032,127033,127035],{},[15,127034,3914],{}," if it does not",[20,127037,127038,127039,7403],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127040,7228],{},[48,127042,127044],{"className":50,"code":127043,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127045,127046,127059,127063,127084,127099,127105],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127047,127048,127050,127052,127054,127057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127049,126433],{"class":63},[57,127051,68],{"class":67},[57,127053,181],{"class":169},[57,127055,127056],{"class":173},"data.csv",[57,127058,3602],{"class":169},[57,127060,127061],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127062,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,127064,127065,127067,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,127066,7228],{"class":1962},[57,127068,127069],{"class":63}," filename",[57,127071,620],{"class":71},[57,127073,126456],{"class":113},[57,127075,105],{"class":71},[57,127077,170],{"class":169},[57,127079,126463],{"class":173},[57,127081,170],{"class":169},[57,127083,8570],{"class":71},[57,127085,127086,127088,127090,127092,127095,127097],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,127087,8296],{"class":101},[57,127089,105],{"class":71},[57,127091,170],{"class":169},[57,127093,127094],{"class":173},"This is a CSV file.",[57,127096,170],{"class":169},[57,127098,316],{"class":71},[57,127100,127101,127103],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,127102,27664],{"class":1962},[57,127104,6623],{"class":71},[57,127106,127107,127109,127111,127113,127116,127118],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,127108,8296],{"class":101},[57,127110,105],{"class":71},[57,127112,170],{"class":169},[57,127114,127115],{"class":173},"This is not a CSV file.",[57,127117,170],{"class":169},[57,127119,316],{"class":71},[20,127121,216],{},[48,127123,127125],{"className":50,"code":127124,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127126,127127],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127128,127129,127131,127133,127135,127138,127140],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127130,50099],{"class":63},[57,127132,1481],{"class":67},[57,127134,44770],{"class":63},[57,127136,127137],{"class":34683},"CSV",[57,127139,86631],{"class":86630},[57,127141,122382],{"class":71},[43,127143,127145],{"id":127144},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[943,127147,127149],{"id":127148},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[48,127151,127153],{"className":50,"code":127152,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127154,127155,127168],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127156,127157,127159,127161,127163,127166],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127158,126433],{"class":63},[57,127160,68],{"class":67},[57,127162,181],{"class":169},[57,127164,127165],{"class":173},"sales.csv",[57,127167,3602],{"class":169},[57,127169,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127171,102],{"class":101},[57,127173,105],{"class":71},[57,127175,126451],{"class":113},[57,127177,620],{"class":71},[57,127179,126456],{"class":113},[57,127181,105],{"class":71},[57,127183,170],{"class":169},[57,127185,126463],{"class":173},[57,127187,170],{"class":169},[57,127189,117],{"class":71},[20,127191,216],{},[48,127193,127194],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127195,127196],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127197,127198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127199,4214],{"class":1523},[943,127201,127203],{"id":127202},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[48,127205,127207],{"className":50,"code":127206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127208,127209,127223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127210,127211,127214,127216,127218,127221],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127212,127213],{"class":63},"url ",[57,127215,68],{"class":67},[57,127217,181],{"class":169},[57,127219,127220],{"class":173},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[57,127222,3602],{"class":169},[57,127224,127225,127227,127229,127232,127234,127236,127238,127240,127243,127245],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127226,102],{"class":101},[57,127228,105],{"class":71},[57,127230,127231],{"class":113},"url",[57,127233,620],{"class":71},[57,127235,126456],{"class":113},[57,127237,105],{"class":71},[57,127239,170],{"class":169},[57,127241,127242],{"class":173},"\u002F",[57,127244,170],{"class":169},[57,127246,117],{"class":71},[20,127248,216],{},[48,127250,127251],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127252,127253],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127254,127255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127256,4214],{"class":1523},[943,127258,127260],{"id":127259},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[48,127262,127264],{"className":50,"code":127263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127265,127266,127279],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127267,127268,127270,127272,127274,127277],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127269,90002],{"class":63},[57,127271,68],{"class":67},[57,127273,181],{"class":169},[57,127275,127276],{"class":173},"Hello!",[57,127278,3602],{"class":169},[57,127280,127281,127283,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127282,102],{"class":101},[57,127284,105],{"class":71},[57,127286,90019],{"class":113},[57,127288,620],{"class":71},[57,127290,126456],{"class":113},[57,127292,105],{"class":71},[57,127294,170],{"class":169},[57,127296,89843],{"class":173},[57,127298,170],{"class":169},[57,127300,117],{"class":71},[20,127302,216],{},[48,127304,127305],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127306,127307],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127308,127309],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127310,4214],{"class":1523},[943,127312,127314],{"id":127313},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[48,127316,127318],{"className":50,"code":127317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127319,127320,127333],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127321,127322,127324,127326,127328,127331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127323,126433],{"class":63},[57,127325,68],{"class":67},[57,127327,181],{"class":169},[57,127329,127330],{"class":173},"photo.jpg",[57,127332,3602],{"class":169},[57,127334,127335,127337,127339,127341,127343,127345,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365,127367,127369],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127336,102],{"class":101},[57,127338,105],{"class":71},[57,127340,126451],{"class":113},[57,127342,620],{"class":71},[57,127344,126456],{"class":113},[57,127346,5742],{"class":71},[57,127348,170],{"class":169},[57,127350,126841],{"class":173},[57,127352,170],{"class":169},[57,127354,79],{"class":71},[57,127356,181],{"class":169},[57,127358,126788],{"class":173},[57,127360,170],{"class":169},[57,127362,79],{"class":71},[57,127364,181],{"class":169},[57,127366,126858],{"class":173},[57,127368,170],{"class":169},[57,127370,1225],{"class":71},[20,127372,216],{},[48,127374,127375],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127376,127377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127378,127379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127380,4214],{"class":1523},[20,127382,127383,127384,620],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[614,127385,127386],{"href":123605},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[43,127388,123997],{"id":123996},[20,127390,127391,123808],{},[15,127392,126408],{},[20,127394,127395,127396,1242,127399,127402],{},"That means ",[15,127397,127398],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127400,127401],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[48,127404,127406],{"className":50,"code":127405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127407,127408,127421,127425,127447],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127409,127410,127412,127414,127416,127419],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127411,126433],{"class":63},[57,127413,68],{"class":67},[57,127415,181],{"class":169},[57,127417,127418],{"class":173},"REPORT.CSV",[57,127420,3602],{"class":169},[57,127422,127423],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127424,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,127426,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,127428,102],{"class":101},[57,127430,105],{"class":71},[57,127432,126451],{"class":113},[57,127434,620],{"class":71},[57,127436,126456],{"class":113},[57,127438,105],{"class":71},[57,127440,170],{"class":169},[57,127442,126463],{"class":173},[57,127444,170],{"class":169},[57,127446,117],{"class":71},[57,127448,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463,127466,127468],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,127450,102],{"class":101},[57,127452,105],{"class":71},[57,127454,126451],{"class":113},[57,127456,620],{"class":71},[57,127458,126456],{"class":113},[57,127460,105],{"class":71},[57,127462,170],{"class":169},[57,127464,127465],{"class":173},".CSV",[57,127467,170],{"class":169},[57,127469,117],{"class":71},[20,127471,216],{},[48,127473,127475],{"className":50,"code":127474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127476,127477,127481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127478,127479],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127480,4275],{"class":1523},[57,127482,127483],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127484,4214],{"class":1523},[20,127486,127487,127488,620],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[614,127489,127490],{"href":124077},[15,127491,124080],{},[48,127493,127495],{"className":50,"code":127494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127496,127497,127509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127498,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127500,126433],{"class":63},[57,127502,68],{"class":67},[57,127504,181],{"class":169},[57,127506,127418],{"class":173},[57,127508,3602],{"class":169},[57,127510,127511,127513,127515,127517,127519,127521,127523,127525,127527,127529,127531,127533],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127512,102],{"class":101},[57,127514,105],{"class":71},[57,127516,126451],{"class":113},[57,127518,620],{"class":71},[57,127520,1109],{"class":113},[57,127522,8865],{"class":71},[57,127524,126456],{"class":113},[57,127526,105],{"class":71},[57,127528,170],{"class":169},[57,127530,126463],{"class":173},[57,127532,170],{"class":169},[57,127534,117],{"class":71},[20,127536,216],{},[48,127538,127539],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127540,127541],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127542,127543],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127544,4214],{"class":1523},[43,127546,127548],{"id":127547},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127550,127551],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[48,127553,127555],{"className":50,"code":127554,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127556,127557,127570],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127558,127559,127561,127563,127565,127568],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127560,126433],{"class":63},[57,127562,68],{"class":67},[57,127564,181],{"class":169},[57,127566,127567],{"class":173},"picture.gif",[57,127569,3602],{"class":169},[57,127571,127572,127574,127576,127578,127580,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604,127606],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127573,102],{"class":101},[57,127575,105],{"class":71},[57,127577,126451],{"class":113},[57,127579,620],{"class":71},[57,127581,126456],{"class":113},[57,127583,5742],{"class":71},[57,127585,170],{"class":169},[57,127587,126841],{"class":173},[57,127589,170],{"class":169},[57,127591,79],{"class":71},[57,127593,181],{"class":169},[57,127595,126788],{"class":173},[57,127597,170],{"class":169},[57,127599,79],{"class":71},[57,127601,181],{"class":169},[57,127603,126858],{"class":173},[57,127605,170],{"class":169},[57,127607,1225],{"class":71},[20,127609,216],{},[48,127611,127612],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127613,127614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127615,127616],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127617,4214],{"class":1523},[20,127619,127620],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127622,546],{},[48,127624,127626],{"className":50,"code":127625,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127627,127628,127641,127676,127680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127629,127630,127633,127635,127637,127639],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127631,127632],{"class":63},"document ",[57,127634,68],{"class":67},[57,127636,181],{"class":169},[57,127638,86890],{"class":173},[57,127640,3602],{"class":169},[57,127642,127643,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654,127656,127658,127660,127663,127665,127667,127669,127672,127674],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127644,127645],{"class":63},"allowed ",[57,127647,68],{"class":67},[57,127649,9463],{"class":71},[57,127651,170],{"class":169},[57,127653,126486],{"class":173},[57,127655,170],{"class":169},[57,127657,79],{"class":71},[57,127659,181],{"class":169},[57,127661,127662],{"class":173},".md",[57,127664,170],{"class":169},[57,127666,79],{"class":71},[57,127668,181],{"class":169},[57,127670,127671],{"class":173},".docx",[57,127673,170],{"class":169},[57,127675,316],{"class":71},[57,127677,127678],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,127679,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,127681,127682,127684,127686,127689,127691,127693,127695,127698],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,127683,102],{"class":101},[57,127685,105],{"class":71},[57,127687,127688],{"class":113},"document",[57,127690,620],{"class":71},[57,127692,126456],{"class":113},[57,127694,105],{"class":71},[57,127696,127697],{"class":113},"allowed",[57,127699,117],{"class":71},[20,127701,216],{},[48,127703,127704],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127705,127706],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127707,127708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127709,4214],{"class":1523},[20,127711,127712,127713,620],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[614,127714,126350,127716,10968],{"href":127715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127717,127718],{},"startswith()",[43,127720,1829],{"id":1828},[20,127722,8675,127723,620],{},[15,127724,126408],{},[943,127726,127728],{"id":127727},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127730,4758],{},[48,127732,127734],{"className":50,"code":127733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127735,127736,127748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127739,126433],{"class":63},[57,127741,68],{"class":67},[57,127743,181],{"class":169},[57,127745,127330],{"class":173},[57,127747,3602],{"class":169},[57,127749,127750],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127751,127752],{"class":3903},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127754,127755],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[48,127757,127759],{"className":50,"code":127758,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127760,127761,127773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127762,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127764,126433],{"class":63},[57,127766,68],{"class":67},[57,127768,181],{"class":169},[57,127770,127330],{"class":173},[57,127772,3602],{"class":169},[57,127774,127775,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785,127787,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127776,102],{"class":101},[57,127778,105],{"class":71},[57,127780,126451],{"class":113},[57,127782,620],{"class":71},[57,127784,126456],{"class":113},[57,127786,5742],{"class":71},[57,127788,170],{"class":169},[57,127790,126841],{"class":173},[57,127792,170],{"class":169},[57,127794,79],{"class":71},[57,127796,181],{"class":169},[57,127798,126788],{"class":173},[57,127800,170],{"class":169},[57,127802,1225],{"class":71},[943,127804,127806],{"id":127805},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[48,127808,127810],{"className":50,"code":127809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127811,127812,127824],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127813,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127815,126433],{"class":63},[57,127817,68],{"class":67},[57,127819,181],{"class":169},[57,127821,127418],{"class":173},[57,127823,3602],{"class":169},[57,127825,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127827,102],{"class":101},[57,127829,105],{"class":71},[57,127831,126451],{"class":113},[57,127833,620],{"class":71},[57,127835,126456],{"class":113},[57,127837,105],{"class":71},[57,127839,170],{"class":169},[57,127841,126463],{"class":173},[57,127843,170],{"class":169},[57,127845,117],{"class":71},[20,127847,216],{},[48,127849,127850],{"className":50,"code":4275,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127851,127852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127853,127854],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127855,4275],{"class":1523},[20,127857,39490],{},[48,127859,127860],{"className":50,"code":127494,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127861,127862,127874],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127863,127864,127866,127868,127870,127872],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127865,126433],{"class":63},[57,127867,68],{"class":67},[57,127869,181],{"class":169},[57,127871,127418],{"class":173},[57,127873,3602],{"class":169},[57,127875,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127877,102],{"class":101},[57,127879,105],{"class":71},[57,127881,126451],{"class":113},[57,127883,620],{"class":71},[57,127885,1109],{"class":113},[57,127887,8865],{"class":71},[57,127889,126456],{"class":113},[57,127891,105],{"class":71},[57,127893,170],{"class":169},[57,127895,126463],{"class":173},[57,127897,170],{"class":169},[57,127899,117],{"class":71},[943,127901,37434,127903,8932,127905],{"id":127902},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127904,126408],{},[15,127906,1969],{},[20,127908,127909,127911],{},[15,127910,126408],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[48,127913,127915],{"className":50,"code":127914,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127916,127917,127930,127934,127956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127918,127919,127921,127923,127925,127928],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127920,34918],{"class":63},[57,127922,68],{"class":67},[57,127924,181],{"class":169},[57,127926,127927],{"class":173},"my_report.csv.backup",[57,127929,3602],{"class":169},[57,127931,127932],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127933,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,127935,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,127937,102],{"class":101},[57,127939,105],{"class":71},[57,127941,1222],{"class":113},[57,127943,620],{"class":71},[57,127945,126456],{"class":113},[57,127947,105],{"class":71},[57,127949,170],{"class":169},[57,127951,126463],{"class":173},[57,127953,170],{"class":169},[57,127955,117],{"class":71},[57,127957,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,127959,102],{"class":101},[57,127961,105],{"class":71},[57,127963,170],{"class":169},[57,127965,126463],{"class":173},[57,127967,170],{"class":169},[57,127969,21404],{"class":1962},[57,127971,1212],{"class":113},[57,127973,316],{"class":71},[20,127975,216],{},[48,127977,127978],{"className":50,"code":127474,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,127979,127980,127984],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,127981,127982],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,127983,4275],{"class":1523},[57,127985,127986],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,127987,4214],{"class":1523},[943,127989,1848,127991,127993],{"id":127990},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127992,126408],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127995,127996,127998],{},[15,127997,126408],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[48,128000,128002],{"className":50,"code":128001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128003,128004,128016,128038],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128005,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128007,126433],{"class":63},[57,128009,68],{"class":67},[57,128011,181],{"class":169},[57,128013,126440],{"class":173},[57,128015,3602],{"class":169},[57,128017,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030,128032,128034,128036],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128019,102],{"class":101},[57,128021,105],{"class":71},[57,128023,126451],{"class":113},[57,128025,620],{"class":71},[57,128027,126456],{"class":113},[57,128029,105],{"class":71},[57,128031,170],{"class":169},[57,128033,126463],{"class":173},[57,128035,170],{"class":169},[57,128037,117],{"class":71},[57,128039,128040,128042,128044,128046],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,128041,102],{"class":101},[57,128043,105],{"class":71},[57,128045,126451],{"class":113},[57,128047,316],{"class":71},[20,128049,216],{},[48,128051,128053],{"className":50,"code":128052,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128054,128055,128059],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128056,128057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128058,4214],{"class":1523},[57,128060,128061,128064,128066],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128062,128063],{"class":63},"report",[57,128065,620],{"class":71},[57,128067,128068],{"class":1108},"csv\n",[20,128070,128071,128072,620],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[614,128073,128074],{"href":124518},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128076,66280],{},[30,128078,128079,128082,128085,128088],{},[33,128080,128081],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[33,128083,128084],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[33,128086,128087],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[33,128089,443,128090,44855,128092,3122,128094,111547],{},[15,128091,126408],{},[15,128093,124521],{},[15,128095,41880],{},[20,128097,30365],{},[48,128099,128101],{"className":50,"code":128100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128102,128103,128113,128127,128149,128175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128104,128105,128107,128109,128111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128106,102],{"class":101},[57,128108,105],{"class":71},[57,128110,1222],{"class":113},[57,128112,316],{"class":71},[57,128114,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128116,102],{"class":101},[57,128118,105],{"class":71},[57,128120,42006],{"class":101},[57,128122,105],{"class":71},[57,128124,1222],{"class":113},[57,128126,117],{"class":71},[57,128128,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145,128147],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,128130,102],{"class":101},[57,128132,105],{"class":71},[57,128134,1222],{"class":113},[57,128136,620],{"class":71},[57,128138,126456],{"class":113},[57,128140,105],{"class":71},[57,128142,3543],{"class":169},[57,128144,126463],{"class":173},[57,128146,3543],{"class":169},[57,128148,117],{"class":71},[57,128150,128151,128153,128155,128157,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,128152,102],{"class":101},[57,128154,105],{"class":71},[57,128156,1222],{"class":113},[57,128158,620],{"class":71},[57,128160,1109],{"class":113},[57,128162,8865],{"class":71},[57,128164,126456],{"class":113},[57,128166,105],{"class":71},[57,128168,3543],{"class":169},[57,128170,126463],{"class":173},[57,128172,3543],{"class":169},[57,128174,117],{"class":71},[57,128176,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,128178,102],{"class":101},[57,128180,105],{"class":71},[57,128182,1886],{"class":1102},[57,128184,105],{"class":71},[57,128186,1222],{"class":113},[57,128188,117],{"class":71},[43,128190,2011],{"id":2010},[943,128192,12933,128194,128196],{"id":128193},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128195,126408],{}," change the string?",[20,128198,128199,128200,3122,128202,620],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128201,3845],{},[15,128203,3914],{},[943,128205,2025,128207,128209],{"id":128206},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128208,126408],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128211,128212,128213,620],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128214,128215],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[943,128217,15133,128219,124686],{"id":128218},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128220,126408],{},[20,128222,128223,128224,3122,128226,128229],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128225,124080],{},[15,128227,128228],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[943,128231,2119,128233,1242,128235,2053],{"id":128232},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128234,126408],{},[15,128236,124345],{},[20,128238,128239,128241,128242,128244],{},[15,128240,126408],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128243,124345],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[43,128246,2135],{"id":2134},[30,128248,128249,128255,128261,128265,128269],{},[33,128250,128251],{},[614,128252,126350,128253,10968],{"href":127715},[15,128254,127718],{},[33,128256,128257],{},[614,128258,126350,128259,10968],{"href":124077},[15,128260,124080],{},[33,128262,128263],{},[614,128264,124749],{"href":123605},[33,128266,128267],{},[614,128268,124756],{"href":124518},[33,128270,128271],{},[614,128272,125105],{"href":51196},[2172,128274,128275],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":128277},[128278,128279,128281,128282,128287,128288,128294,128295,128296,128304,128314],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":126516,"depth":98,"text":128280},"What endswith() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":126731,"depth":98,"text":126732,"children":128283},[128284,128285,128286],{"id":126645,"depth":120,"text":126645},{"id":36304,"depth":120,"text":36304},{"id":52879,"depth":120,"text":52879},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":127144,"depth":98,"text":127145,"children":128289},[128290,128291,128292,128293],{"id":127148,"depth":120,"text":127149},{"id":127202,"depth":120,"text":127203},{"id":127259,"depth":120,"text":127260},{"id":127313,"depth":120,"text":127314},{"id":123996,"depth":98,"text":123997},{"id":127547,"depth":98,"text":127548},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":128297},[128298,128299,128300,128302],{"id":127727,"depth":120,"text":127728},{"id":127805,"depth":120,"text":127806},{"id":127902,"depth":120,"text":128301},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127990,"depth":120,"text":128303},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":128305},[128306,128308,128310,128312],{"id":128193,"depth":120,"text":128307},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128206,"depth":120,"text":128309},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128218,"depth":120,"text":128311},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128232,"depth":120,"text":128313},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126400,"description":128315},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128322,"title":128323,"body":128324,"description":129992,"extension":2219,"meta":129993,"navigation":123,"path":129994,"seo":129995,"stem":129996,"__hash__":129997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128325,"toc":129965},[128326,128331,128336,128341,128346,128439,128449,128454,128459,128474,128476,128558,128566,128568,128570,128597,128599,128615,128622,128624,128732,128734,128739,128755,128757,128852,128860,128863,128869,128874,128879,128886,129025,129028,129041,129043,129047,129054,129124,129127,129176,129183,129190,129204,129209,129214,129260,129306,129322,129324,129329,129343,129346,129468,129473,129475,129480,129513,129516,129592,129594,129603,129617,129620,129704,129707,129818,129821,129849,129851,129858,129862,129868,129871,129877,129880,129887,129898,129904,129911,129913,129962],[10,128327,123350,128329,11549],{"id":128328},"python-string-find-method",[15,128330,124345],{},[20,128332,123355,128333,128335],{},[15,128334,124345],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128337,128338,128339,620],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128340,66071],{},[20,128342,1806,128343,128345],{},[15,128344,124345],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[48,128347,128349],{"className":50,"code":128348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128350,128351,128363,128386,128399,128403,128426],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128352,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128354,34918],{"class":63},[57,128356,68],{"class":67},[57,128358,181],{"class":169},[57,128360,60624],{"class":173},[57,128362,3602],{"class":169},[57,128364,128365,128367,128369,128371,128373,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128366,65138],{"class":63},[57,128368,68],{"class":67},[57,128370,1212],{"class":63},[57,128372,620],{"class":71},[57,128374,128375],{"class":113},"find",[57,128377,105],{"class":71},[57,128379,170],{"class":169},[57,128381,60809],{"class":173},[57,128383,170],{"class":169},[57,128385,316],{"class":71},[57,128387,128388,128390,128392,128394,128396],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,128389,102],{"class":101},[57,128391,105],{"class":71},[57,128393,65165],{"class":113},[57,128395,1959],{"class":71},[57,128397,128398],{"class":3903},"   # 6\n",[57,128400,128401],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,128402,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,128404,128405,128408,128410,128412,128414,128416,128418,128420,128422,128424],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,128406,128407],{"class":63},"missing ",[57,128409,68],{"class":67},[57,128411,1212],{"class":63},[57,128413,620],{"class":71},[57,128415,128375],{"class":113},[57,128417,105],{"class":71},[57,128419,170],{"class":169},[57,128421,52],{"class":173},[57,128423,170],{"class":169},[57,128425,316],{"class":71},[57,128427,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,128429,102],{"class":101},[57,128431,105],{"class":71},[57,128433,27003],{"class":113},[57,128435,1959],{"class":71},[57,128437,128438],{"class":3903},"    # -1\n",[43805,128440,128441],{},[20,128442,1806,128443,128445,128446,128448],{},[15,128444,124345],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128447,66071],{}," if the substring is not found.",[43,128450,262,128452,265],{"id":128451},"what-find-does",[15,128453,124345],{},[20,128455,128456,128458],{},[15,128457,124345],{}," is a string method that:",[30,128460,128461,128464,128467,128472],{},[33,128462,128463],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[33,128465,128466],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[33,128468,11651,128469,128471],{},[15,128470,66071],{}," if no match is found",[33,128473,126536],{},[20,128475,864],{},[48,128477,128479],{"className":50,"code":128478,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128480,128481,128493,128497,128521,128545],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128482,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128484,34918],{"class":63},[57,128486,68],{"class":67},[57,128488,181],{"class":169},[57,128490,184],{"class":173},[57,128492,3602],{"class":169},[57,128494,128495],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128496,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,128498,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,128500,102],{"class":101},[57,128502,105],{"class":71},[57,128504,1222],{"class":113},[57,128506,620],{"class":71},[57,128508,128375],{"class":113},[57,128510,105],{"class":71},[57,128512,170],{"class":169},[57,128514,123443],{"class":173},[57,128516,170],{"class":169},[57,128518,5592],{"class":71},[57,128520,57865],{"class":3903},[57,128522,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,128524,102],{"class":101},[57,128526,105],{"class":71},[57,128528,1222],{"class":113},[57,128530,620],{"class":71},[57,128532,128375],{"class":113},[57,128534,105],{"class":71},[57,128536,170],{"class":169},[57,128538,1956],{"class":173},[57,128540,170],{"class":169},[57,128542,5592],{"class":71},[57,128544,128438],{"class":3903},[57,128546,128547,128549,128551,128553,128555],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,128548,102],{"class":101},[57,128550,105],{"class":71},[57,128552,1222],{"class":113},[57,128554,1959],{"class":71},[57,128556,128557],{"class":3903},"              # banana\n",[20,128559,1023,128560,128563,128564,620],{},[15,128561,128562],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128565,1788],{},[43,128567,294],{"id":293},[20,128569,2412],{},[48,128571,128573],{"className":50,"code":128572,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128574,128575],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128576,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128578,61392],{"class":63},[57,128580,620],{"class":71},[57,128582,128375],{"class":113},[57,128584,105],{"class":71},[57,128586,364],{"class":113},[57,128588,79],{"class":71},[57,128590,36283],{"class":113},[57,128592,79],{"class":71},[57,128594,65259],{"class":113},[57,128596,316],{"class":71},[943,128598,17625],{"id":17624},[30,128600,128601,128605,128610],{},[33,128602,128603,123542],{},[15,128604,364],{},[33,128606,128607,128609],{},[15,128608,36304],{},": optional starting position",[33,128611,128612,128614],{},[15,128613,52879],{},": optional ending position",[20,128616,128617,1242,128619,128621],{},[15,128618,36304],{},[15,128620,52879],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128623,126679],{},[48,128625,128627],{"className":50,"code":128626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128628,128629,128641,128645,128670,128699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128630,128631,128633,128635,128637,128639],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128632,34918],{"class":63},[57,128634,68],{"class":67},[57,128636,181],{"class":169},[57,128638,60624],{"class":173},[57,128640,3602],{"class":169},[57,128642,128643],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128644,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,128646,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657,128659,128661,128663,128665,128667],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,128648,102],{"class":101},[57,128650,105],{"class":71},[57,128652,1222],{"class":113},[57,128654,620],{"class":71},[57,128656,128375],{"class":113},[57,128658,105],{"class":71},[57,128660,170],{"class":169},[57,128662,60691],{"class":173},[57,128664,170],{"class":169},[57,128666,5592],{"class":71},[57,128668,128669],{"class":3903},"        # 4\n",[57,128671,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692,128694,128696],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,128673,102],{"class":101},[57,128675,105],{"class":71},[57,128677,1222],{"class":113},[57,128679,620],{"class":71},[57,128681,128375],{"class":113},[57,128683,105],{"class":71},[57,128685,170],{"class":169},[57,128687,60691],{"class":173},[57,128689,170],{"class":169},[57,128691,79],{"class":71},[57,128693,92],{"class":75},[57,128695,5592],{"class":71},[57,128697,128698],{"class":3903},"     # 7\n",[57,128700,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727,128729],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,128702,102],{"class":101},[57,128704,105],{"class":71},[57,128706,1222],{"class":113},[57,128708,620],{"class":71},[57,128710,128375],{"class":113},[57,128712,105],{"class":71},[57,128714,170],{"class":169},[57,128716,60691],{"class":173},[57,128718,170],{"class":169},[57,128720,79],{"class":71},[57,128722,92],{"class":75},[57,128724,79],{"class":71},[57,128726,657],{"class":75},[57,128728,5592],{"class":71},[57,128730,128731],{"class":3903},"  # -1\n",[43,128733,38249],{"id":38248},[20,128735,57764,128736,128738],{},[15,128737,124345],{}," is always an integer.",[30,128740,128741,128747,128750],{},[33,128742,128743,128744,128746],{},"A number ",[15,128745,1294],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[33,128748,128749],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[33,128751,128752,128754],{},[15,128753,66071],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128756,864],{},[48,128758,128760],{"className":50,"code":128759,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128761,128762,128774,128778,128803,128828],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128763,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128765,34918],{"class":63},[57,128767,68],{"class":67},[57,128769,181],{"class":169},[57,128771,52],{"class":173},[57,128773,3602],{"class":169},[57,128775,128776],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128777,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,128779,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128797,128799,128801],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,128781,102],{"class":101},[57,128783,105],{"class":71},[57,128785,1222],{"class":113},[57,128787,620],{"class":71},[57,128789,128375],{"class":113},[57,128791,105],{"class":71},[57,128793,170],{"class":169},[57,128795,128796],{"class":173},"py",[57,128798,170],{"class":169},[57,128800,5592],{"class":71},[57,128802,20999],{"class":3903},[57,128804,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813,128815,128817,128819,128822,128824,128826],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,128806,102],{"class":101},[57,128808,105],{"class":71},[57,128810,1222],{"class":113},[57,128812,620],{"class":71},[57,128814,128375],{"class":113},[57,128816,105],{"class":71},[57,128818,170],{"class":169},[57,128820,128821],{"class":173},"th",[57,128823,170],{"class":169},[57,128825,5592],{"class":71},[57,128827,57865],{"class":3903},[57,128829,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846,128848,128850],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,128831,102],{"class":101},[57,128833,105],{"class":71},[57,128835,1222],{"class":113},[57,128837,620],{"class":71},[57,128839,128375],{"class":113},[57,128841,105],{"class":71},[57,128843,170],{"class":169},[57,128845,22307],{"class":173},[57,128847,170],{"class":169},[57,128849,5592],{"class":71},[57,128851,128438],{"class":3903},[20,128853,89905,128854,8683,128856,3122,128858,620],{},[15,128855,124345],{},[15,128857,3845],{},[15,128859,3914],{},[20,128861,128862],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[43,128864,443,128865,1242,128867],{"id":65624},[15,128866,36304],{},[15,128868,52879],{},[20,128870,1806,128871,128873],{},[15,128872,36304],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128875,1806,128876,128878],{},[15,128877,52879],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128880,935,128881,75670,128883,128885],{},[15,128882,52879],{},[1399,128884,65288],{}," in the search.",[48,128887,128889],{"className":50,"code":128888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128890,128891,128904,128908,128932,128961,128993],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,128892,128893,128895,128897,128899,128902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,128894,34918],{"class":63},[57,128896,68],{"class":67},[57,128898,181],{"class":169},[57,128900,128901],{"class":173},"one two three two",[57,128903,3602],{"class":169},[57,128905,128906],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,128907,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,128909,128910,128912,128914,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924,128926,128928,128930],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,128911,102],{"class":101},[57,128913,105],{"class":71},[57,128915,1222],{"class":113},[57,128917,620],{"class":71},[57,128919,128375],{"class":113},[57,128921,105],{"class":71},[57,128923,170],{"class":169},[57,128925,79475],{"class":173},[57,128927,170],{"class":169},[57,128929,5592],{"class":71},[57,128931,128669],{"class":3903},[57,128933,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,128935,102],{"class":101},[57,128937,105],{"class":71},[57,128939,1222],{"class":113},[57,128941,620],{"class":71},[57,128943,128375],{"class":113},[57,128945,105],{"class":71},[57,128947,170],{"class":169},[57,128949,79475],{"class":173},[57,128951,170],{"class":169},[57,128953,79],{"class":71},[57,128955,92],{"class":75},[57,128957,5592],{"class":71},[57,128959,128960],{"class":3903},"     # 14\n",[57,128962,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,128964,102],{"class":101},[57,128966,105],{"class":71},[57,128968,1222],{"class":113},[57,128970,620],{"class":71},[57,128972,128375],{"class":113},[57,128974,105],{"class":71},[57,128976,170],{"class":169},[57,128978,79475],{"class":173},[57,128980,170],{"class":169},[57,128982,79],{"class":71},[57,128984,4072],{"class":75},[57,128986,79],{"class":71},[57,128988,657],{"class":75},[57,128990,5592],{"class":71},[57,128992,51156],{"class":3903},[57,128994,128995,128997,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,128996,102],{"class":101},[57,128998,105],{"class":71},[57,129000,1222],{"class":113},[57,129002,620],{"class":71},[57,129004,128375],{"class":113},[57,129006,105],{"class":71},[57,129008,170],{"class":169},[57,129010,79475],{"class":173},[57,129012,170],{"class":169},[57,129014,79],{"class":71},[57,129016,4072],{"class":75},[57,129018,79],{"class":71},[57,129020,2706],{"class":75},[57,129022,5592],{"class":71},[57,129024,128731],{"class":3903},[20,129026,129027],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129029,129030,129031,55288,129035,620],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[614,129032,129034],{"href":129033},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[614,129036,129038,129040],{"href":129037},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129039,60749],{}," string method",[43,129042,123997],{"id":123996},[20,129044,129045,123808],{},[15,129046,124345],{},[20,129048,127395,129049,1242,129051,129053],{},[15,129050,90413],{},[15,129052,64753],{}," are treated as different text.",[48,129055,129057],{"className":50,"code":129056,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129058,129059,129072,129076,129100],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129060,129061,129063,129065,129067,129070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129062,34918],{"class":63},[57,129064,68],{"class":67},[57,129066,181],{"class":169},[57,129068,129069],{"class":173},"Hello World",[57,129071,3602],{"class":169},[57,129073,129074],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129075,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,129077,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094,129096,129098],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129079,102],{"class":101},[57,129081,105],{"class":71},[57,129083,1222],{"class":113},[57,129085,620],{"class":71},[57,129087,128375],{"class":113},[57,129089,105],{"class":71},[57,129091,170],{"class":169},[57,129093,35097],{"class":173},[57,129095,170],{"class":169},[57,129097,5592],{"class":71},[57,129099,51468],{"class":3903},[57,129101,129102,129104,129106,129108,129110,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120,129122],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,129103,102],{"class":101},[57,129105,105],{"class":71},[57,129107,1222],{"class":113},[57,129109,620],{"class":71},[57,129111,128375],{"class":113},[57,129113,105],{"class":71},[57,129115,170],{"class":169},[57,129117,4084],{"class":173},[57,129119,170],{"class":169},[57,129121,5592],{"class":71},[57,129123,128731],{"class":3903},[20,129125,129126],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[48,129128,129130],{"className":50,"code":129129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129131,129132,129144,129148],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129133,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129135,34918],{"class":63},[57,129137,68],{"class":67},[57,129139,181],{"class":169},[57,129141,129069],{"class":173},[57,129143,3602],{"class":169},[57,129145,129146],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129147,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,129149,129150,129152,129154,129156,129158,129160,129162,129164,129166,129168,129170,129172,129174],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129151,102],{"class":101},[57,129153,105],{"class":71},[57,129155,1222],{"class":113},[57,129157,620],{"class":71},[57,129159,1109],{"class":113},[57,129161,8865],{"class":71},[57,129163,128375],{"class":113},[57,129165,105],{"class":71},[57,129167,170],{"class":169},[57,129169,4084],{"class":173},[57,129171,170],{"class":169},[57,129173,5592],{"class":71},[57,129175,51468],{"class":3903},[43,129177,129179,1682,129181],{"id":129178},"find-vs-index",[15,129180,124345],{},[15,129182,59185],{},[20,129184,129185,1242,129187,129189],{},[15,129186,124345],{},[15,129188,59185],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[30,129191,129192,129198],{},[33,129193,129194,2646,129196],{},[15,129195,124345],{},[15,129197,66071],{},[33,129199,129200,2040,129202],{},[15,129201,59185],{},[15,129203,1420],{},[20,129205,1806,129206,129208],{},[15,129207,124345],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129210,1806,129211,129213],{},[15,129212,59185],{}," when the value must exist.",[48,129215,129217],{"className":50,"code":129216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129218,129219,129231,129235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129220,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129222,34918],{"class":63},[57,129224,68],{"class":67},[57,129226,181],{"class":169},[57,129228,4084],{"class":173},[57,129230,3602],{"class":169},[57,129232,129233],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129234,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,129236,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129257],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129238,102],{"class":101},[57,129240,105],{"class":71},[57,129242,1222],{"class":113},[57,129244,620],{"class":71},[57,129246,128375],{"class":113},[57,129248,105],{"class":71},[57,129250,170],{"class":169},[57,129252,1956],{"class":173},[57,129254,170],{"class":169},[57,129256,5592],{"class":71},[57,129258,129259],{"class":3903},"   # -1\n",[48,129261,129263],{"className":50,"code":129262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129264,129265,129277,129281],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129266,129267,129269,129271,129273,129275],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129268,34918],{"class":63},[57,129270,68],{"class":67},[57,129272,181],{"class":169},[57,129274,4084],{"class":173},[57,129276,3602],{"class":169},[57,129278,129279],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129280,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,129282,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293,129295,129297,129299,129301,129303],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129284,102],{"class":101},[57,129286,105],{"class":71},[57,129288,1222],{"class":113},[57,129290,620],{"class":71},[57,129292,36077],{"class":113},[57,129294,105],{"class":71},[57,129296,170],{"class":169},[57,129298,1956],{"class":173},[57,129300,170],{"class":169},[57,129302,5592],{"class":71},[57,129304,129305],{"class":3903},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129307,129308,129309,129313,129314,129316,129317,620],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[614,129310,129311,129040],{"href":124370},[15,129312,59185],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129315,59185],{},", read ",[614,129318,25910,129319],{"href":73693},[15,129320,129321],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[43,129323,41272],{"id":41271},[20,129325,35636,129326,129328],{},[15,129327,124345],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[30,129330,129331,129334,129337,129340],{},[33,129332,129333],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[33,129335,129336],{},"Get the position of a word",[33,129338,129339],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[33,129341,129342],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129344,129345],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[48,129347,129349],{"className":50,"code":129348,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129350,129351,129364,129387,129391,129406,129422,129441,129455],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129352,129353,129355,129357,129359,129362],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129354,34918],{"class":63},[57,129356,68],{"class":67},[57,129358,181],{"class":169},[57,129360,129361],{"class":173},"name:Alice",[57,129363,3602],{"class":169},[57,129365,129366,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383,129385],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129367,129368],{"class":63},"colon_pos ",[57,129370,68],{"class":67},[57,129372,1212],{"class":63},[57,129374,620],{"class":71},[57,129376,128375],{"class":113},[57,129378,105],{"class":71},[57,129380,170],{"class":169},[57,129382,270],{"class":173},[57,129384,170],{"class":169},[57,129386,316],{"class":71},[57,129388,129389],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129390,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,129392,129393,129395,129398,129400,129402,129404],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,129394,7228],{"class":1962},[57,129396,129397],{"class":63}," colon_pos ",[57,129399,72804],{"class":67},[57,129401,2474],{"class":67},[57,129403,3231],{"class":75},[57,129405,6623],{"class":71},[57,129407,129408,129411,129413,129415,129417,129420],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,129409,129410],{"class":63},"    label ",[57,129412,68],{"class":67},[57,129414,1212],{"class":63},[57,129416,75743],{"class":71},[57,129418,129419],{"class":63},"colon_pos",[57,129421,95],{"class":71},[57,129423,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432,129434,129436,129438],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,129425,27631],{"class":63},[57,129427,68],{"class":67},[57,129429,1212],{"class":63},[57,129431,1785],{"class":71},[57,129433,129368],{"class":63},[57,129435,2314],{"class":67},[57,129437,5729],{"class":75},[57,129439,129440],{"class":71},":]\n",[57,129442,129443,129445,129447,129450,129452],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,129444,8296],{"class":101},[57,129446,105],{"class":71},[57,129448,129449],{"class":113},"label",[57,129451,1959],{"class":71},[57,129453,129454],{"class":3903},"  # name\n",[57,129456,129457,129459,129461,129463,129465],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,129458,8296],{"class":101},[57,129460,105],{"class":71},[57,129462,364],{"class":113},[57,129464,1959],{"class":71},[57,129466,129467],{"class":3903},"  # Alice\n",[20,129469,129470,129471,620],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[614,129472,127386],{"href":123605},[43,129474,1829],{"id":1828},[20,129476,129477,129478,270],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129479,124345],{},[30,129481,129482,129491,129497,129502,129508],{},[33,129483,1848,129484,8683,129486,3122,129488,129490],{},[15,129485,124345],{},[15,129487,3845],{},[15,129489,3914],{}," instead of an index",[33,129492,129493,129494,129496],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129495,66071],{}," when the substring is missing",[33,129498,443,129499,129501],{},[15,129500,124345],{}," without handling case differences",[33,129503,37434,129504,8932,129506],{},[15,129505,124345],{},[15,129507,59185],{},[33,129509,4812,129510,129512],{},[15,129511,124345],{}," changes the string",[20,129514,129515],{},"Example of a mistake:",[48,129517,129519],{"className":50,"code":129518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129520,129521,129533,129537,129557,129572,129578],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129522,129523,129525,129527,129529,129531],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129524,34918],{"class":63},[57,129526,68],{"class":67},[57,129528,181],{"class":169},[57,129530,4084],{"class":173},[57,129532,3602],{"class":169},[57,129534,129535],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129536,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,129538,129539,129541,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553,129555],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129540,7228],{"class":1962},[57,129542,1212],{"class":63},[57,129544,620],{"class":71},[57,129546,128375],{"class":113},[57,129548,105],{"class":71},[57,129550,170],{"class":169},[57,129552,60656],{"class":173},[57,129554,170],{"class":169},[57,129556,8570],{"class":71},[57,129558,129559,129561,129563,129565,129568,129570],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,129560,8296],{"class":101},[57,129562,105],{"class":71},[57,129564,170],{"class":169},[57,129566,129567],{"class":173},"Found",[57,129569,170],{"class":169},[57,129571,316],{"class":71},[57,129573,129574,129576],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,129575,27664],{"class":1962},[57,129577,6623],{"class":71},[57,129579,129580,129582,129584,129586,129588,129590],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,129581,8296],{"class":101},[57,129583,105],{"class":71},[57,129585,170],{"class":169},[57,129587,26546],{"class":173},[57,129589,170],{"class":169},[57,129591,316],{"class":71},[20,129593,99911],{},[48,129595,129597],{"className":50,"code":129596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Not found\n",[15,129598,129599],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129600,129601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129602,129596],{"class":63},[20,129604,45929,129605,129608,129609,17302,129611,129613,129614,129616],{},[15,129606,129607],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129610,1294],{},[15,129612,1294],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129615,7228],{}," statement.",[20,129618,129619],{},"A safer version is:",[48,129621,129623],{"className":50,"code":129622,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129624,129625,129637,129641,129670,129684,129690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129626,129627,129629,129631,129633,129635],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129628,34918],{"class":63},[57,129630,68],{"class":67},[57,129632,181],{"class":169},[57,129634,4084],{"class":173},[57,129636,3602],{"class":169},[57,129638,129639],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129640,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,129642,129643,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129664,129666,129668],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129644,7228],{"class":1962},[57,129646,1212],{"class":63},[57,129648,620],{"class":71},[57,129650,128375],{"class":113},[57,129652,105],{"class":71},[57,129654,170],{"class":169},[57,129656,60656],{"class":173},[57,129658,170],{"class":169},[57,129660,1959],{"class":71},[57,129662,129663],{"class":67}," !=",[57,129665,2474],{"class":67},[57,129667,3231],{"class":75},[57,129669,6623],{"class":71},[57,129671,129672,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,129673,8296],{"class":101},[57,129675,105],{"class":71},[57,129677,170],{"class":169},[57,129679,129567],{"class":173},[57,129681,170],{"class":169},[57,129683,316],{"class":71},[57,129685,129686,129688],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,129687,27664],{"class":1962},[57,129689,6623],{"class":71},[57,129691,129692,129694,129696,129698,129700,129702],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,129693,8296],{"class":101},[57,129695,105],{"class":71},[57,129697,170],{"class":169},[57,129699,26546],{"class":173},[57,129701,170],{"class":169},[57,129703,316],{"class":71},[20,129705,129706],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[48,129708,129710],{"className":50,"code":129709,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129711,129712,129734,129748,129774,129788],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,129713,129714,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730,129732],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,129715,102],{"class":101},[57,129717,105],{"class":71},[57,129719,1222],{"class":113},[57,129721,620],{"class":71},[57,129723,128375],{"class":113},[57,129725,105],{"class":71},[57,129727,3543],{"class":169},[57,129729,38619],{"class":173},[57,129731,3543],{"class":169},[57,129733,117],{"class":71},[57,129735,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,129737,102],{"class":101},[57,129739,105],{"class":71},[57,129741,42006],{"class":101},[57,129743,105],{"class":71},[57,129745,1222],{"class":113},[57,129747,117],{"class":71},[57,129749,129750,129752,129754,129756,129758,129760,129762,129764,129766,129768,129770,129772],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,129751,102],{"class":101},[57,129753,105],{"class":71},[57,129755,1222],{"class":113},[57,129757,620],{"class":71},[57,129759,1109],{"class":113},[57,129761,8865],{"class":71},[57,129763,128375],{"class":113},[57,129765,105],{"class":71},[57,129767,3543],{"class":169},[57,129769,38619],{"class":173},[57,129771,3543],{"class":169},[57,129773,117],{"class":71},[57,129775,129776,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,129777,102],{"class":101},[57,129779,105],{"class":71},[57,129781,1007],{"class":101},[57,129783,105],{"class":71},[57,129785,1222],{"class":113},[57,129787,117],{"class":71},[57,129789,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800,129802,129804,129806,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,129791,102],{"class":101},[57,129793,105],{"class":71},[57,129795,1222],{"class":113},[57,129797,620],{"class":71},[57,129799,128375],{"class":113},[57,129801,105],{"class":71},[57,129803,3543],{"class":169},[57,129805,38619],{"class":173},[57,129807,3543],{"class":169},[57,129809,79],{"class":71},[57,129811,36283],{"class":113},[57,129813,79],{"class":71},[57,129815,65259],{"class":113},[57,129817,117],{"class":71},[20,129819,129820],{},"These help you check:",[30,129822,129823,129828,129833,129838,129841],{},[33,129824,129825,129826],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129827,124345],{},[33,129829,129830,129831],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129832,122564],{},[33,129834,129835,129836],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129837,124080],{},[33,129839,129840],{},"The string length",[33,129842,129843,129844,1242,129846,129848],{},"Whether your ",[15,129845,36304],{},[15,129847,52879],{}," values are correct",[43,129850,2011],{"id":2010},[943,129852,129854,129855,129857],{"id":129853},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129856,124345],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129859,5379,129860,620],{},[15,129861,66071],{},[943,129863,12933,129865,129867],{"id":129864},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129866,124345],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129869,129870],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[943,129872,129874,129875,124686],{"id":129873},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129876,124345],{},[20,129878,129879],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[943,129881,2119,129883,1242,129885,69869],{"id":129882},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129884,124345],{},[15,129886,59185],{},[20,129888,129889,2646,129891,129893,129894,2040,129896,620],{},[15,129890,124345],{},[15,129892,66071],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129895,59185],{},[15,129897,1420],{},[943,129899,28559,129901,129903],{"id":129900},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129902,124345],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129905,129906,129907,1242,129909,66370],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129908,36304],{},[15,129910,52879],{},[43,129912,2135],{"id":2134},[30,129914,129915,129921,129927,129934,129940,129947,129951,129956],{},[33,129916,129917],{},[614,129918,126350,129919,10968],{"href":124370},[15,129920,59185],{},[33,129922,129923],{},[614,129924,126350,129925,10968],{"href":129037},[15,129926,60749],{},[33,129928,129929],{},[614,129930,126350,129932,10968],{"href":129931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129933,124521],{},[33,129935,129936],{},[614,129937,126350,129938,10968],{"href":127715},[15,129939,127718],{},[33,129941,129942],{},[614,129943,126350,129945,10968],{"href":129944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129946,126408],{},[33,129948,129949],{},[614,129950,124749],{"href":123605},[33,129952,129953],{},[614,129954,129955],{"href":129033},"How to split a string in Python",[33,129957,129958],{},[614,129959,26353,129960],{"href":73693},[15,129961,129321],{},[2172,129963,129964],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":129966},[129967,129969,129972,129973,129974,129975,129977,129978,129979,129991],{"id":128451,"depth":98,"text":129968},"What find() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":129970},[129971],{"id":17624,"depth":120,"text":17625},{"id":38248,"depth":98,"text":38249},{"id":65624,"depth":98,"text":66406},{"id":123996,"depth":98,"text":123997},{"id":129178,"depth":98,"text":129976},"find() vs index()",{"id":41271,"depth":98,"text":41272},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":129980},[129981,129983,129985,129987,129989],{"id":129853,"depth":120,"text":129982},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129864,"depth":120,"text":129984},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129873,"depth":120,"text":129986},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129882,"depth":120,"text":129988},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129900,"depth":120,"text":129990},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128323,"description":129992},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129999,"title":130000,"body":130001,"description":131927,"extension":2219,"meta":131928,"navigation":123,"path":131929,"seo":131930,"stem":131931,"__hash__":131932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130002,"toc":131895},[130003,130008,130013,130016,130018,130094,130098,130126,130134,130138,130143,130147,130164,130166,130233,130237,130259,130267,130269,130272,130296,130299,130313,130315,130400,130404,130416,130419,130423,130429,130479,130483,130500,130509,130512,130520,130523,130572,130576,130601,130604,130659,130663,130675,130681,130685,130691,130696,130763,130767,130793,130796,130807,130809,130876,130880,130905,130912,130916,130921,130928,130936,130938,130990,130994,131012,131014,131059,131063,131078,131081,131091,131098,131100,131104,131107,131118,131120,131180,131184,131212,131215,131221,131226,131229,131233,131277,131280,131318,131321,131329,131331,131336,131340,131343,131391,131394,131397,131453,131457,131462,131465,131514,131516,131565,131571,131576,131578,131625,131629,131642,131644,131695,131701,131704,131708,131711,131717,131722,131724,131727,131799,131802,131819,131821,131826,131829,131833,131839,131845,131852,131858,131864,131866,131892],[10,130004,123350,130006,11549],{"id":130005},"python-string-format-method",[15,130007,126353],{},[20,130009,123355,130010,130012],{},[15,130011,126353],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130014,130015],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[43,130017,46],{"id":45},[48,130019,130021],{"className":50,"code":130020,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130022,130023,130035,130043,130047,130084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130024,130025,130027,130029,130031,130033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130026,8103],{"class":63},[57,130028,68],{"class":67},[57,130030,181],{"class":169},[57,130032,11737],{"class":173},[57,130034,3602],{"class":169},[57,130036,130037,130039,130041],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130038,21858],{"class":63},[57,130040,68],{"class":67},[57,130042,88794],{"class":75},[57,130044,130045],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,130046,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,130048,130049,130051,130053,130055,130058,130060,130063,130065,130067,130069,130071,130074,130076,130078,130080,130082],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,130050,90002],{"class":63},[57,130052,68],{"class":67},[57,130054,181],{"class":169},[57,130056,130057],{"class":173},"My name is ",[57,130059,4030],{"class":75},[57,130061,130062],{"class":173}," and I am ",[57,130064,4030],{"class":75},[57,130066,122346],{"class":173},[57,130068,170],{"class":169},[57,130070,620],{"class":71},[57,130072,130073],{"class":113},"format",[57,130075,105],{"class":71},[57,130077,7898],{"class":113},[57,130079,79],{"class":71},[57,130081,9415],{"class":113},[57,130083,316],{"class":71},[57,130085,130086,130088,130090,130092],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,130087,102],{"class":101},[57,130089,105],{"class":71},[57,130091,90019],{"class":113},[57,130093,316],{"class":71},[20,130095,130096],{},[1399,130097,216],{},[48,130099,130101],{"className":50,"code":130100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130102,130103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130104,130105,130108,130110,130113,130116,130119,130122,130124],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130106,130107],{"class":63},"My name ",[57,130109,1481],{"class":67},[57,130111,130112],{"class":63}," Maya ",[57,130114,130115],{"class":67},"and",[57,130117,130118],{"class":63}," I am ",[57,130120,130121],{"class":75},"12",[57,130123,122379],{"class":63},[57,130125,122382],{"class":71},[20,130127,1806,130128,130130,130131,130133],{},[15,130129,4030],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130132,126353],{}," in the same order.",[20,130135,125102,130136,620],{},[614,130137,125105],{"href":51196},[43,130139,13226,130141,13229],{"id":130140},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130142,126353],{},[20,130144,935,130145,11640],{},[15,130146,126353],{},[30,130148,130149,130152,130158,130161],{},[33,130150,130151],{},"inserts values into a string",[33,130153,130154,130155,130157],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130156,4030],{}," with given values",[33,130159,130160],{},"returns a new string",[33,130162,130163],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130165,864],{},[48,130167,130169],{"className":50,"code":130168,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130170,130171,130185,130208,130212,130223],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130172,130173,130175,130177,130179,130181,130183],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130174,34918],{"class":63},[57,130176,68],{"class":67},[57,130178,181],{"class":169},[57,130180,45127],{"class":173},[57,130182,4030],{"class":75},[57,130184,3602],{"class":169},[57,130186,130187,130190,130192,130194,130196,130198,130200,130202,130204,130206],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130188,130189],{"class":63},"new_text ",[57,130191,68],{"class":67},[57,130193,1212],{"class":63},[57,130195,620],{"class":71},[57,130197,130073],{"class":113},[57,130199,105],{"class":71},[57,130201,170],{"class":169},[57,130203,7907],{"class":173},[57,130205,170],{"class":169},[57,130207,316],{"class":71},[57,130209,130210],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,130211,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,130213,130214,130216,130218,130221],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,130215,102],{"class":101},[57,130217,105],{"class":71},[57,130219,130220],{"class":113},"new_text",[57,130222,316],{"class":71},[57,130224,130225,130227,130229,130231],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,130226,102],{"class":101},[57,130228,105],{"class":71},[57,130230,1222],{"class":113},[57,130232,316],{"class":71},[20,130234,130235],{},[1399,130236,216],{},[48,130238,130240],{"className":50,"code":130239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130241,130242,130251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130243,130244,130246,130248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130245,35097],{"class":63},[57,130247,79],{"class":71},[57,130249,130250],{"class":63}," Sam\n",[57,130252,130253,130255,130257],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130254,35097],{"class":63},[57,130256,79],{"class":71},[57,130258,10065],{"class":71},[20,130260,2536,130261,130263,130264,130266],{},[15,130262,1222],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130265,126353],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[43,130268,294],{"id":293},[20,130270,130271],{},"The general form is:",[48,130273,130275],{"className":50,"code":130274,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130276,130277],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130278,130279,130281,130284,130286,130288,130290,130292,130294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130280,170],{"class":43553},[57,130282,130283],{"class":43557},"text {}",[57,130285,170],{"class":43553},[57,130287,620],{"class":71},[57,130289,130073],{"class":113},[57,130291,105],{"class":71},[57,130293,364],{"class":113},[57,130295,316],{"class":71},[20,130297,130298],{},"Key idea:",[30,130300,130301,130307,130310],{},[33,130302,130303,130304,130306],{},"each ",[15,130305,4030],{}," is a placeholder",[33,130308,130309],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[33,130311,130312],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130314,864],{},[48,130316,130318],{"className":50,"code":130317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130319,130320,130333,130347,130351,130389],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130321,130322,130325,130327,130329,130331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130323,130324],{"class":63},"animal ",[57,130326,68],{"class":67},[57,130328,181],{"class":169},[57,130330,964],{"class":173},[57,130332,3602],{"class":169},[57,130334,130335,130338,130340,130342,130345],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130336,130337],{"class":63},"sound ",[57,130339,68],{"class":67},[57,130341,181],{"class":169},[57,130343,130344],{"class":173},"meow",[57,130346,3602],{"class":169},[57,130348,130349],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,130350,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,130352,130353,130356,130358,130360,130362,130364,130367,130369,130371,130373,130375,130377,130379,130382,130384,130387],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,130354,130355],{"class":63},"sentence ",[57,130357,68],{"class":67},[57,130359,181],{"class":169},[57,130361,935],{"class":173},[57,130363,4030],{"class":75},[57,130365,130366],{"class":173}," says ",[57,130368,4030],{"class":75},[57,130370,620],{"class":173},[57,130372,170],{"class":169},[57,130374,620],{"class":71},[57,130376,130073],{"class":113},[57,130378,105],{"class":71},[57,130380,130381],{"class":113},"animal",[57,130383,79],{"class":71},[57,130385,130386],{"class":113}," sound",[57,130388,316],{"class":71},[57,130390,130391,130393,130395,130398],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,130392,102],{"class":101},[57,130394,105],{"class":71},[57,130396,130397],{"class":113},"sentence",[57,130399,316],{"class":71},[20,130401,130402],{},[1399,130403,216],{},[48,130405,130407],{"className":50,"code":130406,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130408,130409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130410,130411,130414],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130412,130413],{"class":63},"The cat says meow",[57,130415,122382],{"class":71},[20,130417,130418],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[43,130420,130422],{"id":130421},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130424,130425,130426,130428],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130427,4030],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[48,130430,130432],{"className":50,"code":130431,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130433,130434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130435,130436,130438,130440,130442,130445,130447,130449,130451,130453,130455,130457,130459,130461,130463,130466,130468,130470,130472,130475,130477],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130437,102],{"class":101},[57,130439,105],{"class":71},[57,130441,170],{"class":169},[57,130443,130444],{"class":173},"I like ",[57,130446,4030],{"class":75},[57,130448,1242],{"class":173},[57,130450,4030],{"class":75},[57,130452,620],{"class":173},[57,130454,170],{"class":169},[57,130456,620],{"class":71},[57,130458,130073],{"class":113},[57,130460,105],{"class":71},[57,130462,170],{"class":169},[57,130464,130465],{"class":173},"pizza",[57,130467,170],{"class":169},[57,130469,79],{"class":71},[57,130471,181],{"class":169},[57,130473,130474],{"class":173},"pasta",[57,130476,170],{"class":169},[57,130478,117],{"class":71},[20,130480,130481],{},[1399,130482,216],{},[48,130484,130486],{"className":50,"code":130485,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130487,130488],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130489,130490,130493,130495,130498],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130491,130492],{"class":63},"I like pizza ",[57,130494,130115],{"class":67},[57,130496,130497],{"class":63}," pasta",[57,130499,122382],{"class":71},[20,130501,130502,130503,1242,130506,620],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130504,130505],{},"{0}",[15,130507,130508],{},"{1}",[20,130510,130511],{},"This is helpful when:",[30,130513,130514,130517],{},[33,130515,130516],{},"you want to reuse a value",[33,130518,130519],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130521,130522],{},"Example with reused values:",[48,130524,130526],{"className":50,"code":130525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130527,130528,130562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130529,130530,130532,130534,130536,130538,130541,130543,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130531,34918],{"class":63},[57,130533,68],{"class":67},[57,130535,181],{"class":169},[57,130537,130505],{"class":75},[57,130539,130540],{"class":173}," is learning Python. ",[57,130542,130505],{"class":75},[57,130544,130545],{"class":173}," likes coding.",[57,130547,170],{"class":169},[57,130549,620],{"class":71},[57,130551,130073],{"class":113},[57,130553,105],{"class":71},[57,130555,170],{"class":169},[57,130557,20114],{"class":173},[57,130559,170],{"class":169},[57,130561,316],{"class":71},[57,130563,130564,130566,130568,130570],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130565,102],{"class":101},[57,130567,105],{"class":71},[57,130569,1222],{"class":113},[57,130571,316],{"class":71},[20,130573,130574],{},[1399,130575,216],{},[48,130577,130579],{"className":50,"code":130578,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130580,130581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130582,130583,130586,130588,130591,130593,130596,130599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130584,130585],{"class":63},"Lina ",[57,130587,1481],{"class":67},[57,130589,130590],{"class":63}," learning Python",[57,130592,620],{"class":71},[57,130594,130595],{"class":1108}," Lina",[57,130597,130598],{"class":63}," likes coding",[57,130600,122382],{"class":71},[20,130602,130603],{},"Example with changed order:",[48,130605,130607],{"className":50,"code":130606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130608,130609,130649],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130610,130611,130613,130615,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130612,34918],{"class":63},[57,130614,68],{"class":67},[57,130616,181],{"class":169},[57,130618,130508],{"class":75},[57,130620,851],{"class":173},[57,130622,130505],{"class":75},[57,130624,620],{"class":173},[57,130626,170],{"class":169},[57,130628,620],{"class":71},[57,130630,130073],{"class":113},[57,130632,105],{"class":71},[57,130634,170],{"class":169},[57,130636,6815],{"class":173},[57,130638,170],{"class":169},[57,130640,79],{"class":71},[57,130642,181],{"class":169},[57,130644,79475],{"class":173},[57,130646,170],{"class":169},[57,130648,316],{"class":71},[57,130650,130651,130653,130655,130657],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130652,102],{"class":101},[57,130654,105],{"class":71},[57,130656,1222],{"class":113},[57,130658,316],{"class":71},[20,130660,130661],{},[1399,130662,216],{},[48,130664,130666],{"className":50,"code":130665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130667,130668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130669,130670,130673],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130671,130672],{"class":63},"two comes after one",[57,130674,122382],{"class":71},[20,130676,130677,130678,130680],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130679,4030],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[43,130682,130684],{"id":130683},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130686,130687,130688,620],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130689,130690],{},"{name}",[20,130692,130693,130694,270],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130695,126353],{},[48,130697,130699],{"className":50,"code":130698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130700,130701,130753],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130702,130703,130705,130707,130709,130711,130713,130716,130719,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130704,34918],{"class":63},[57,130706,68],{"class":67},[57,130708,181],{"class":169},[57,130710,130057],{"class":173},[57,130712,130690],{"class":75},[57,130714,130715],{"class":173}," and I live in ",[57,130717,130718],{"class":75},"{city}",[57,130720,620],{"class":173},[57,130722,170],{"class":169},[57,130724,620],{"class":71},[57,130726,130073],{"class":113},[57,130728,105],{"class":71},[57,130730,7898],{"class":334},[57,130732,68],{"class":67},[57,130734,170],{"class":169},[57,130736,13110],{"class":173},[57,130738,170],{"class":169},[57,130740,79],{"class":71},[57,130742,31614],{"class":334},[57,130744,68],{"class":67},[57,130746,170],{"class":169},[57,130748,16261],{"class":173},[57,130750,170],{"class":169},[57,130752,316],{"class":71},[57,130754,130755,130757,130759,130761],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130756,102],{"class":101},[57,130758,105],{"class":71},[57,130760,1222],{"class":113},[57,130762,316],{"class":71},[20,130764,130765],{},[1399,130766,216],{},[48,130768,130770],{"className":50,"code":130769,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130771,130772],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130773,130774,130776,130778,130781,130783,130786,130788,130791],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130775,130107],{"class":63},[57,130777,1481],{"class":67},[57,130779,130780],{"class":63}," Ana ",[57,130782,130115],{"class":67},[57,130784,130785],{"class":63}," I live ",[57,130787,1969],{"class":67},[57,130789,130790],{"class":63}," Lima",[57,130792,122382],{"class":71},[20,130794,130795],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[30,130797,130798,130801,130804],{},[33,130799,130800],{},"they make code easier to read",[33,130802,130803],{},"they help when a string has many values",[33,130805,130806],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130808,864],{},[48,130810,130812],{"className":50,"code":130811,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130813,130814,130866],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130815,130816,130819,130821,130823,130826,130829,130832,130835,130837,130839,130841,130843,130845,130847,130849,130852,130854,130856,130859,130861,130864],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130817,130818],{"class":63},"report ",[57,130820,68],{"class":67},[57,130822,181],{"class":169},[57,130824,130825],{"class":173},"Student: ",[57,130827,130828],{"class":75},"{student}",[57,130830,130831],{"class":173},", Score: ",[57,130833,130834],{"class":75},"{score}",[57,130836,170],{"class":169},[57,130838,620],{"class":71},[57,130840,130073],{"class":113},[57,130842,105],{"class":71},[57,130844,13856],{"class":334},[57,130846,68],{"class":67},[57,130848,170],{"class":169},[57,130850,130851],{"class":173},"Noah",[57,130853,170],{"class":169},[57,130855,79],{"class":71},[57,130857,130858],{"class":334}," score",[57,130860,68],{"class":67},[57,130862,130863],{"class":75},"95",[57,130865,316],{"class":71},[57,130867,130868,130870,130872,130874],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130869,102],{"class":101},[57,130871,105],{"class":71},[57,130873,128063],{"class":113},[57,130875,316],{"class":71},[20,130877,130878],{},[1399,130879,216],{},[48,130881,130883],{"className":50,"code":130882,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130884,130885],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130886,130887,130890,130892,130895,130897,130900,130902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130888,130889],{"class":63},"Student",[57,130891,270],{"class":71},[57,130893,130894],{"class":63}," Noah",[57,130896,79],{"class":71},[57,130898,130899],{"class":63}," Score",[57,130901,270],{"class":71},[57,130903,130904],{"class":75}," 95\n",[20,130906,130907,130908,620],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[614,130909,13,130910,2144],{"href":42402},[15,130911,47906],{},[43,130913,130915],{"id":130914},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130917,130918,130920],{},[15,130919,126353],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130922,130923,130924,130927],{},"A common example is ",[15,130925,130926],{},":.2f",", which means:",[30,130929,130930,130933],{},[33,130931,130932],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[33,130934,130935],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130937,864],{},[48,130939,130941],{"className":50,"code":130940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130942,130943,130951,130980],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,130944,130945,130947,130949],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,130946,40616],{"class":63},[57,130948,68],{"class":67},[57,130950,49497],{"class":75},[57,130952,130953,130955,130957,130959,130962,130964,130966,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,130954,34918],{"class":63},[57,130956,68],{"class":67},[57,130958,181],{"class":169},[57,130960,130961],{"class":173},"Price: $",[57,130963,9505],{"class":75},[57,130965,130926],{"class":1208},[57,130967,22533],{"class":75},[57,130969,170],{"class":169},[57,130971,620],{"class":71},[57,130973,130073],{"class":113},[57,130975,105],{"class":71},[57,130977,25380],{"class":113},[57,130979,316],{"class":71},[57,130981,130982,130984,130986,130988],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,130983,102],{"class":101},[57,130985,105],{"class":71},[57,130987,1222],{"class":113},[57,130989,316],{"class":71},[20,130991,130992],{},[1399,130993,216],{},[48,130995,130997],{"className":50,"code":130996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130998,130999],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131000,131001,131004,131006,131009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131002,131003],{"class":63},"Price",[57,131005,270],{"class":71},[57,131007,131008],{"class":37597}," $",[57,131010,131011],{"class":75},"3.50\n",[20,131013,546],{},[48,131015,131017],{"className":50,"code":131016,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131018,131019,131029],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131020,131021,131024,131026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131022,131023],{"class":63},"average ",[57,131025,68],{"class":67},[57,131027,131028],{"class":75}," 91.236\n",[57,131030,131031,131033,131035,131037,131040,131042,131044,131046,131048,131050,131052,131054,131057],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131032,102],{"class":101},[57,131034,105],{"class":71},[57,131036,170],{"class":169},[57,131038,131039],{"class":173},"Average: ",[57,131041,9505],{"class":75},[57,131043,130926],{"class":1208},[57,131045,22533],{"class":75},[57,131047,170],{"class":169},[57,131049,620],{"class":71},[57,131051,130073],{"class":113},[57,131053,105],{"class":71},[57,131055,131056],{"class":113},"average",[57,131058,117],{"class":71},[20,131060,131061],{},[1399,131062,216],{},[48,131064,131066],{"className":50,"code":131065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131067,131068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131069,131070,131073,131075],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131071,131072],{"class":63},"Average",[57,131074,270],{"class":71},[57,131076,131077],{"class":75}," 91.24\n",[20,131079,131080],{},"This is useful for:",[30,131082,131083,131085,131088],{},[33,131084,593],{},[33,131086,131087],{},"averages",[33,131089,131090],{},"percentages",[20,131092,131093,131094,620],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[614,131095,13,131096,2553],{"href":46674},[15,131097,46677],{},[43,131099,17649],{"id":17648},[20,131101,131102,92516],{},[15,131103,126353],{},[20,131105,131106],{},"That means you can:",[30,131108,131109,131112,131115],{},[33,131110,131111],{},"save it in a variable",[33,131113,131114],{},"print it directly",[33,131116,131117],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131119,864],{},[48,131121,131123],{"className":50,"code":131122,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131124,131125,131156,131166],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131126,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131152,131154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131128,90002],{"class":63},[57,131130,68],{"class":67},[57,131132,181],{"class":169},[57,131134,45127],{"class":173},[57,131136,4030],{"class":75},[57,131138,89843],{"class":173},[57,131140,170],{"class":169},[57,131142,620],{"class":71},[57,131144,130073],{"class":113},[57,131146,105],{"class":71},[57,131148,170],{"class":169},[57,131150,131151],{"class":173},"Chris",[57,131153,170],{"class":169},[57,131155,316],{"class":71},[57,131157,131158,131160,131162,131164],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131159,102],{"class":101},[57,131161,105],{"class":71},[57,131163,90019],{"class":113},[57,131165,316],{"class":71},[57,131167,131168,131170,131172,131174,131176,131178],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,131169,102],{"class":101},[57,131171,105],{"class":71},[57,131173,1886],{"class":1102},[57,131175,105],{"class":71},[57,131177,90019],{"class":113},[57,131179,117],{"class":71},[20,131181,131182],{},[1399,131183,216],{},[48,131185,131187],{"className":50,"code":131186,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131188,131189,131198],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131190,131191,131193,131195],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131192,35097],{"class":63},[57,131194,79],{"class":71},[57,131196,131197],{"class":63}," Chris!\n",[57,131199,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131201,3532],{"class":67},[57,131203,3535],{"class":1208},[57,131205,3538],{"class":169},[57,131207,1103],{"class":173},[57,131209,3543],{"class":169},[57,131211,3546],{"class":67},[20,131213,131214],{},"The original string is not changed.",[43,131216,131218,131220],{"id":131217},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131219,126353],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131222,131223,131225],{},[15,131224,126353],{}," is a string method.",[20,131227,131228],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131230,46265,131231,270],{},[15,131232,126353],{},[48,131234,131236],{"className":50,"code":131235,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131237,131238,131251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131239,131240,131242,131244,131246,131249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131241,8103],{"class":63},[57,131243,68],{"class":67},[57,131245,181],{"class":169},[57,131247,131248],{"class":173},"Rita",[57,131250,3602],{"class":169},[57,131252,131253,131255,131257,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131254,102],{"class":101},[57,131256,105],{"class":71},[57,131258,170],{"class":169},[57,131260,45127],{"class":173},[57,131262,4030],{"class":75},[57,131264,89843],{"class":173},[57,131266,170],{"class":169},[57,131268,620],{"class":71},[57,131270,130073],{"class":113},[57,131272,105],{"class":71},[57,131274,7898],{"class":113},[57,131276,117],{"class":71},[20,131278,131279],{},"Example with an f-string:",[48,131281,131283],{"className":50,"code":131282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131284,131285,131297],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131286,131287,131289,131291,131293,131295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131288,8103],{"class":63},[57,131290,68],{"class":67},[57,131292,181],{"class":169},[57,131294,131248],{"class":173},[57,131296,3602],{"class":169},[57,131298,131299,131301,131303,131305,131307,131309,131311,131313,131316],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131300,102],{"class":101},[57,131302,105],{"class":71},[57,131304,22524],{"class":1208},[57,131306,43571],{"class":173},[57,131308,9505],{"class":75},[57,131310,7898],{"class":113},[57,131312,22533],{"class":75},[57,131314,131315],{"class":173},"!\"",[57,131317,316],{"class":71},[20,131319,131320],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131322,131323,131324,131326,131327,620],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131325,126353],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[614,131328,89688],{"href":89687},[43,131330,1829],{"id":1828},[20,131332,131333,131334,620],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131335,126353],{},[943,131337,131339],{"id":131338},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131341,131342],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[48,131344,131346],{"className":50,"code":131345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131347,131348,131381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131349,131350,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131351,34918],{"class":63},[57,131353,68],{"class":67},[57,131355,181],{"class":169},[57,131357,45127],{"class":173},[57,131359,4030],{"class":75},[57,131361,131362],{"class":75}," {}",[57,131364,89843],{"class":173},[57,131366,170],{"class":169},[57,131368,620],{"class":71},[57,131370,130073],{"class":113},[57,131372,105],{"class":71},[57,131374,170],{"class":169},[57,131376,7907],{"class":173},[57,131378,170],{"class":169},[57,131380,316],{"class":71},[57,131382,131383,131385,131387,131389],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131384,102],{"class":101},[57,131386,105],{"class":71},[57,131388,1222],{"class":113},[57,131390,316],{"class":71},[20,131392,131393],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131395,131396],{},"Fixed version:",[48,131398,131400],{"className":50,"code":131399,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131401,131402,131443],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131403,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412,131414,131416,131418,131420,131422,131424,131426,131428,131430,131432,131434,131436,131439,131441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131405,34918],{"class":63},[57,131407,68],{"class":67},[57,131409,181],{"class":169},[57,131411,45127],{"class":173},[57,131413,4030],{"class":75},[57,131415,131362],{"class":75},[57,131417,89843],{"class":173},[57,131419,170],{"class":169},[57,131421,620],{"class":71},[57,131423,130073],{"class":113},[57,131425,105],{"class":71},[57,131427,170],{"class":169},[57,131429,7907],{"class":173},[57,131431,170],{"class":169},[57,131433,79],{"class":71},[57,131435,181],{"class":169},[57,131437,131438],{"class":173},"Lee",[57,131440,170],{"class":169},[57,131442,316],{"class":71},[57,131444,131445,131447,131449,131451],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131446,102],{"class":101},[57,131448,105],{"class":71},[57,131450,1222],{"class":113},[57,131452,316],{"class":71},[943,131454,131456],{"id":131455},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131458,131459,131460,620],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131461,126353],{},[20,131463,131464],{},"Problem:",[48,131466,131468],{"className":50,"code":131467,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131469,131470,131504],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131471,131472,131474,131476,131478,131480,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131473,34918],{"class":63},[57,131475,68],{"class":67},[57,131477,181],{"class":169},[57,131479,45127],{"class":173},[57,131481,130690],{"class":75},[57,131483,89843],{"class":173},[57,131485,170],{"class":169},[57,131487,620],{"class":71},[57,131489,130073],{"class":113},[57,131491,105],{"class":71},[57,131493,8212],{"class":334},[57,131495,68],{"class":67},[57,131497,170],{"class":169},[57,131499,7907],{"class":173},[57,131501,170],{"class":169},[57,131503,316],{"class":71},[57,131505,131506,131508,131510,131512],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131507,102],{"class":101},[57,131509,105],{"class":71},[57,131511,1222],{"class":113},[57,131513,316],{"class":71},[20,131515,131396],{},[48,131517,131519],{"className":50,"code":131518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131520,131521,131555],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131522,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535,131537,131539,131541,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131524,34918],{"class":63},[57,131526,68],{"class":67},[57,131528,181],{"class":169},[57,131530,45127],{"class":173},[57,131532,130690],{"class":75},[57,131534,89843],{"class":173},[57,131536,170],{"class":169},[57,131538,620],{"class":71},[57,131540,130073],{"class":113},[57,131542,105],{"class":71},[57,131544,7898],{"class":334},[57,131546,68],{"class":67},[57,131548,170],{"class":169},[57,131550,7907],{"class":173},[57,131552,170],{"class":169},[57,131554,316],{"class":71},[57,131556,131557,131559,131561,131563],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131558,102],{"class":101},[57,131560,105],{"class":71},[57,131562,1222],{"class":113},[57,131564,316],{"class":71},[943,131566,1848,131568,131570],{"id":131567},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131569,126353],{}," to change the original string",[20,131572,131573,131575],{},[15,131574,126353],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131577,131464],{},[48,131579,131581],{"className":50,"code":131580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131582,131583,131597,131615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131584,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131586,34918],{"class":63},[57,131588,68],{"class":67},[57,131590,181],{"class":169},[57,131592,45127],{"class":173},[57,131594,4030],{"class":75},[57,131596,3602],{"class":169},[57,131598,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131600,1222],{"class":63},[57,131602,620],{"class":71},[57,131604,130073],{"class":113},[57,131606,105],{"class":71},[57,131608,170],{"class":169},[57,131610,7907],{"class":173},[57,131612,170],{"class":169},[57,131614,316],{"class":71},[57,131616,131617,131619,131621,131623],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,131618,102],{"class":101},[57,131620,105],{"class":71},[57,131622,1222],{"class":113},[57,131624,316],{"class":71},[20,131626,131627],{},[1399,131628,216],{},[48,131630,131632],{"className":50,"code":131631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131633,131634],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131635,131636,131638,131640],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131637,35097],{"class":63},[57,131639,79],{"class":71},[57,131641,10065],{"class":71},[20,131643,131396],{},[48,131645,131647],{"className":50,"code":131646,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131648,131649,131663,131685],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131652,34918],{"class":63},[57,131654,68],{"class":67},[57,131656,181],{"class":169},[57,131658,45127],{"class":173},[57,131660,4030],{"class":75},[57,131662,3602],{"class":169},[57,131664,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679,131681,131683],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131666,34918],{"class":63},[57,131668,68],{"class":67},[57,131670,1212],{"class":63},[57,131672,620],{"class":71},[57,131674,130073],{"class":113},[57,131676,105],{"class":71},[57,131678,170],{"class":169},[57,131680,7907],{"class":173},[57,131682,170],{"class":169},[57,131684,316],{"class":71},[57,131686,131687,131689,131691,131693],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,131688,102],{"class":101},[57,131690,105],{"class":71},[57,131692,1222],{"class":113},[57,131694,316],{"class":71},[943,131696,4936,131698,131700],{"id":131697},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131699,126353],{}," returns a new string",[20,131702,131703],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[943,131705,131707],{"id":131706},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131709,131710],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131712,131713,131714,131716],{},"Use simple ",[15,131715,4030],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131718,131719,131720,620],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[614,131721,90401],{"href":90400},[43,131723,68112],{"id":68111},[20,131725,131726],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[48,131728,131730],{"className":50,"code":131729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131731,131732,131742,131756,131785],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131733,131734,131736,131738,131740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131735,102],{"class":101},[57,131737,105],{"class":71},[57,131739,1222],{"class":113},[57,131741,316],{"class":71},[57,131743,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131745,102],{"class":101},[57,131747,105],{"class":71},[57,131749,1886],{"class":1102},[57,131751,105],{"class":71},[57,131753,364],{"class":113},[57,131755,117],{"class":71},[57,131757,131758,131760,131762,131764,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777,131779,131781,131783],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,131759,102],{"class":101},[57,131761,105],{"class":71},[57,131763,170],{"class":169},[57,131765,131766],{"class":173},"Hello ",[57,131768,4030],{"class":75},[57,131770,170],{"class":169},[57,131772,620],{"class":71},[57,131774,130073],{"class":113},[57,131776,105],{"class":71},[57,131778,170],{"class":169},[57,131780,7907],{"class":173},[57,131782,170],{"class":169},[57,131784,117],{"class":71},[57,131786,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,131788,32382],{"class":101},[57,131790,105],{"class":71},[57,131792,1103],{"class":1102},[57,131794,620],{"class":71},[57,131796,130073],{"class":1108},[57,131798,316],{"class":71},[20,131800,131801],{},"Use them to check:",[30,131803,131804,131807,131810,131813],{},[33,131805,131806],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[33,131808,131809],{},"what type your value has",[33,131811,131812],{},"whether a small test example works",[33,131814,131815,131816],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131817,131818],{},"str.format",[43,131820,2011],{"id":2010},[943,131822,129854,131824,12945],{"id":131823},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131825,126353],{},[20,131827,131828],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[943,131830,131832],{"id":131831},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131834,131835,131836,131838],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131837,4030],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[943,131840,131842,131843,2053],{"id":131841},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131844,126353],{},[20,131846,131847,131848,131851],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131849,131850],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[943,131853,15133,131855,131857],{"id":131854},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131856,126353],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131859,131860,131861,131863],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131862,126353],{}," is still useful and common.",[43,131865,2135],{"id":2134},[30,131867,131868,131872,131876,131882,131888],{},[33,131869,131870],{},[614,131871,125105],{"href":51196},[33,131873,131874],{},[614,131875,90678],{"href":89687},[33,131877,131878],{},[614,131879,13,131880,2144],{"href":46674},[15,131881,46677],{},[33,131883,131884],{},[614,131885,13,131886,2144],{"href":42402},[15,131887,47906],{},[33,131889,131890],{},[614,131891,90401],{"href":90400},[2172,131893,131894],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":131896},[131897,131898,131900,131901,131902,131903,131904,131905,131907,131916,131917,131926],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":130140,"depth":98,"text":131899},"What the format() method does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":130421,"depth":98,"text":130422},{"id":130683,"depth":98,"text":130684},{"id":130914,"depth":98,"text":130915},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":131217,"depth":98,"text":131906},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":131908},[131909,131910,131911,131913,131915],{"id":131338,"depth":120,"text":131339},{"id":131455,"depth":120,"text":131456},{"id":131567,"depth":120,"text":131912},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131697,"depth":120,"text":131914},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131706,"depth":120,"text":131707},{"id":68111,"depth":98,"text":68112},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":131918},[131919,131921,131922,131924],{"id":131823,"depth":120,"text":131920},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131831,"depth":120,"text":131832},{"id":131841,"depth":120,"text":131923},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131854,"depth":120,"text":131925},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130000,"description":131927},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131934,"title":131935,"body":131936,"description":133416,"extension":2219,"meta":133417,"navigation":123,"path":133418,"seo":133419,"stem":133420,"__hash__":133421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131937,"toc":133388},[131938,131943,131948,131953,131955,132017,132024,132030,132035,132037,132053,132055,132126,132128,132142,132145,132195,132197,132199,132226,132229,132244,132247,132288,132291,132336,132343,132392,132394,132402,132404,132422,132424,132517,132525,132566,132571,132578,132584,132591,132594,132598,132699,132701,132723,132727,132780,132783,132786,132792,132799,132801,132840,132842,132860,132870,132877,132960,132963,132970,132977,132984,132988,132996,133042,133046,133055,133120,133125,133130,133141,133143,133148,133175,133177,133280,133283,133303,133305,133310,133313,133317,133321,133328,133337,133343,133346,133352,133354,133356,133385],[10,131939,123350,131941,11549],{"id":131940},"python-string-index-method",[15,131942,59185],{},[20,131944,123355,131945,131947],{},[15,131946,59185],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131949,131950,131951,620],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131952,1420],{},[43,131954,46],{"id":45},[48,131956,131958],{"className":50,"code":131957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131959,131960,131972,131994,132004,132008,132012],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,131961,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,131963,34918],{"class":63},[57,131965,68],{"class":67},[57,131967,181],{"class":169},[57,131969,60624],{"class":173},[57,131971,3602],{"class":169},[57,131973,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986,131988,131990,131992],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,131975,65138],{"class":63},[57,131977,68],{"class":67},[57,131979,1212],{"class":63},[57,131981,620],{"class":71},[57,131983,36077],{"class":113},[57,131985,105],{"class":71},[57,131987,170],{"class":169},[57,131989,60809],{"class":173},[57,131991,170],{"class":169},[57,131993,316],{"class":71},[57,131995,131996,131998,132000,132002],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,131997,102],{"class":101},[57,131999,105],{"class":71},[57,132001,65165],{"class":113},[57,132003,316],{"class":71},[57,132005,132006],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,132007,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,132009,132010],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,132011,90819],{"class":3903},[57,132013,132014],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,132015,132016],{"class":3903},"# 6\n",[20,132018,1806,132019,132021,132022,620],{},[15,132020,59185],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132023,1420],{},[43,132025,262,132027,265],{"id":132026},"what-strindex-does",[15,132028,132029],{},"str.index()",[20,132031,132032,132034],{},[15,132033,132029],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132036,13282],{},[30,132038,132039,132042,132045,132048],{},[33,132040,132041],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[33,132043,132044],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[33,132046,132047],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[33,132049,30523,132050,132052],{},[15,132051,1420],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132054,864],{},[48,132056,132058],{"className":50,"code":132057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132059,132060,132072,132076,132101],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132061,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132063,34918],{"class":63},[57,132065,68],{"class":67},[57,132067,181],{"class":169},[57,132069,184],{"class":173},[57,132071,3602],{"class":169},[57,132073,132074],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132075,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,132077,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,132079,102],{"class":101},[57,132081,105],{"class":71},[57,132083,1222],{"class":113},[57,132085,620],{"class":71},[57,132087,36077],{"class":113},[57,132089,105],{"class":71},[57,132091,170],{"class":169},[57,132093,614],{"class":173},[57,132095,170],{"class":169},[57,132097,5592],{"class":71},[57,132099,132100],{"class":3903},"     # 1\n",[57,132102,132103,132105,132107,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,132104,102],{"class":101},[57,132106,105],{"class":71},[57,132108,1222],{"class":113},[57,132110,620],{"class":71},[57,132112,36077],{"class":113},[57,132114,105],{"class":71},[57,132116,170],{"class":169},[57,132118,123443],{"class":173},[57,132120,170],{"class":169},[57,132122,5592],{"class":71},[57,132124,132125],{"class":3903},"    # 2\n",[20,132127,2430],{},[30,132129,132130,132136],{},[33,132131,132132,128563,132134],{},[15,132133,18327],{},[15,132135,3231],{},[33,132137,132138,128563,132140],{},[15,132139,128562],{},[15,132141,1788],{},[20,132143,132144],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[48,132146,132148],{"className":50,"code":132147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132149,132150,132162,132166,132190],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132151,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132153,34918],{"class":63},[57,132155,68],{"class":67},[57,132157,181],{"class":169},[57,132159,35097],{"class":173},[57,132161,3602],{"class":169},[57,132163,132164],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132165,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,132167,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186,132188],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,132169,102],{"class":101},[57,132171,105],{"class":71},[57,132173,1222],{"class":113},[57,132175,620],{"class":71},[57,132177,36077],{"class":113},[57,132179,105],{"class":71},[57,132181,170],{"class":169},[57,132183,51412],{"class":173},[57,132185,170],{"class":169},[57,132187,5592],{"class":71},[57,132189,20999],{"class":3903},[57,132191,132192],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,132193,132194],{"class":3903},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[43,132196,294],{"id":293},[20,132198,2412],{},[48,132200,132202],{"className":50,"code":132201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132203,132204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132205,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132207,61392],{"class":63},[57,132209,620],{"class":71},[57,132211,36077],{"class":113},[57,132213,105],{"class":71},[57,132215,364],{"class":113},[57,132217,79],{"class":71},[57,132219,36283],{"class":113},[57,132221,79],{"class":71},[57,132223,65259],{"class":113},[57,132225,316],{"class":71},[20,132227,132228],{},"Parameters:",[30,132230,132231,132235,132239],{},[33,132232,132233,123542],{},[15,132234,364],{},[33,132236,132237,128609],{},[15,132238,36304],{},[33,132240,132241,132243],{},[15,132242,52879],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132245,132246],{},"You can use just the value:",[48,132248,132250],{"className":50,"code":132249,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132251,132252,132264],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132253,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132255,34918],{"class":63},[57,132257,68],{"class":67},[57,132259,181],{"class":169},[57,132261,52],{"class":173},[57,132263,3602],{"class":169},[57,132265,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132267,102],{"class":101},[57,132269,105],{"class":71},[57,132271,1222],{"class":113},[57,132273,620],{"class":71},[57,132275,36077],{"class":113},[57,132277,105],{"class":71},[57,132279,170],{"class":169},[57,132281,63505],{"class":173},[57,132283,170],{"class":169},[57,132285,5592],{"class":71},[57,132287,51636],{"class":3903},[20,132289,132290],{},"Or include a start position:",[48,132292,132294],{"className":50,"code":132293,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132295,132296,132308],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132297,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132299,34918],{"class":63},[57,132301,68],{"class":67},[57,132303,181],{"class":169},[57,132305,184],{"class":173},[57,132307,3602],{"class":169},[57,132309,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132311,102],{"class":101},[57,132313,105],{"class":71},[57,132315,1222],{"class":113},[57,132317,620],{"class":71},[57,132319,36077],{"class":113},[57,132321,105],{"class":71},[57,132323,170],{"class":169},[57,132325,614],{"class":173},[57,132327,170],{"class":169},[57,132329,79],{"class":71},[57,132331,87],{"class":75},[57,132333,5592],{"class":71},[57,132335,50991],{"class":3903},[20,132337,132338,132339,1242,132341,270],{},"Or include both ",[15,132340,36304],{},[15,132342,52879],{},[48,132344,132346],{"className":50,"code":132345,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132347,132348,132360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132349,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132351,34918],{"class":63},[57,132353,68],{"class":67},[57,132355,181],{"class":169},[57,132357,184],{"class":173},[57,132359,3602],{"class":169},[57,132361,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384,132386,132388,132390],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132363,102],{"class":101},[57,132365,105],{"class":71},[57,132367,1222],{"class":113},[57,132369,620],{"class":71},[57,132371,36077],{"class":113},[57,132373,105],{"class":71},[57,132375,170],{"class":169},[57,132377,614],{"class":173},[57,132379,170],{"class":169},[57,132381,79],{"class":71},[57,132383,87],{"class":75},[57,132385,79],{"class":71},[57,132387,92],{"class":75},[57,132389,5592],{"class":71},[57,132391,50991],{"class":3903},[43,132393,38249],{"id":38248},[20,132395,28939,132396,132398,132399,620],{},[15,132397,59185],{}," is a ",[1399,132400,132401],{},"zero-based index",[20,132403,2360],{},[30,132405,132406,132412,132417],{},[33,132407,132408,132409,132411],{},"Index ",[15,132410,1294],{}," is the first character",[33,132413,132408,132414,132416],{},[15,132415,3231],{}," is the second character",[33,132418,132408,132419,132421],{},[15,132420,1788],{}," is the third character",[20,132423,864],{},[48,132425,132427],{"className":50,"code":132426,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132428,132429,132441,132445,132469,132493],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132430,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132432,34918],{"class":63},[57,132434,68],{"class":67},[57,132436,181],{"class":169},[57,132438,964],{"class":173},[57,132440,3602],{"class":169},[57,132442,132443],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132444,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,132446,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,132448,102],{"class":101},[57,132450,105],{"class":71},[57,132452,1222],{"class":113},[57,132454,620],{"class":71},[57,132456,36077],{"class":113},[57,132458,105],{"class":71},[57,132460,170],{"class":169},[57,132462,9966],{"class":173},[57,132464,170],{"class":169},[57,132466,5592],{"class":71},[57,132468,51468],{"class":3903},[57,132470,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,132472,102],{"class":101},[57,132474,105],{"class":71},[57,132476,1222],{"class":113},[57,132478,620],{"class":71},[57,132480,36077],{"class":113},[57,132482,105],{"class":71},[57,132484,170],{"class":169},[57,132486,614],{"class":173},[57,132488,170],{"class":169},[57,132490,5592],{"class":71},[57,132492,28010],{"class":3903},[57,132494,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,132496,102],{"class":101},[57,132498,105],{"class":71},[57,132500,1222],{"class":113},[57,132502,620],{"class":71},[57,132504,36077],{"class":113},[57,132506,105],{"class":71},[57,132508,170],{"class":169},[57,132510,63505],{"class":173},[57,132512,170],{"class":169},[57,132514,5592],{"class":71},[57,132516,51636],{"class":3903},[20,132518,132519,132521,132522,132524],{},[15,132520,59185],{}," returns only the ",[1399,132523,30138],{}," matching position.",[48,132526,132528],{"className":50,"code":132527,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132529,132530,132542],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132531,132532,132534,132536,132538,132540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132533,34918],{"class":63},[57,132535,68],{"class":67},[57,132537,181],{"class":169},[57,132539,184],{"class":173},[57,132541,3602],{"class":169},[57,132543,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562,132564],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132545,102],{"class":101},[57,132547,105],{"class":71},[57,132549,1222],{"class":113},[57,132551,620],{"class":71},[57,132553,36077],{"class":113},[57,132555,105],{"class":71},[57,132557,170],{"class":169},[57,132559,614],{"class":173},[57,132561,170],{"class":169},[57,132563,5592],{"class":71},[57,132565,28010],{"class":3903},[20,132567,21208,132568,132570],{},[15,132569,18327],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132572,132573,132574,620],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[614,132575,132576,10968],{"href":124800},[15,132577,58809],{},[43,132579,443,132580,1242,132582],{"id":65624},[15,132581,36304],{},[15,132583,52879],{},[20,132585,935,132586,1242,132588,132590],{},[15,132587,36304],{},[15,132589,52879],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132592,132593],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132595,46265,132596,270],{},[15,132597,36304],{},[48,132599,132601],{"className":50,"code":132600,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132602,132603,132615,132619,132643,132671],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132604,132605,132607,132609,132611,132613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132606,34918],{"class":63},[57,132608,68],{"class":67},[57,132610,181],{"class":169},[57,132612,184],{"class":173},[57,132614,3602],{"class":169},[57,132616,132617],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132618,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,132620,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635,132637,132639,132641],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,132622,102],{"class":101},[57,132624,105],{"class":71},[57,132626,1222],{"class":113},[57,132628,620],{"class":71},[57,132630,36077],{"class":113},[57,132632,105],{"class":71},[57,132634,170],{"class":169},[57,132636,614],{"class":173},[57,132638,170],{"class":169},[57,132640,5592],{"class":71},[57,132642,51341],{"class":3903},[57,132644,132645,132647,132649,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659,132661,132663,132665,132667,132669],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,132646,102],{"class":101},[57,132648,105],{"class":71},[57,132650,1222],{"class":113},[57,132652,620],{"class":71},[57,132654,36077],{"class":113},[57,132656,105],{"class":71},[57,132658,170],{"class":169},[57,132660,614],{"class":173},[57,132662,170],{"class":169},[57,132664,79],{"class":71},[57,132666,87],{"class":75},[57,132668,5592],{"class":71},[57,132670,51190],{"class":3903},[57,132672,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,132674,102],{"class":101},[57,132676,105],{"class":71},[57,132678,1222],{"class":113},[57,132680,620],{"class":71},[57,132682,36077],{"class":113},[57,132684,105],{"class":71},[57,132686,170],{"class":169},[57,132688,614],{"class":173},[57,132690,170],{"class":169},[57,132692,79],{"class":71},[57,132694,2706],{"class":75},[57,132696,5592],{"class":71},[57,132698,50974],{"class":3903},[20,132700,238],{},[30,132702,132703,132710,132716],{},[33,132704,132705,132706,65814,132708],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132707,18327],{},[15,132709,3231],{},[33,132711,132712,132713,132715],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132714,1788],{}," skips that first match",[33,132717,132712,132718,132720,132721],{},[15,132719,647],{}," finds the last ",[15,132722,18327],{},[20,132724,46265,132725,270],{},[15,132726,52879],{},[48,132728,132730],{"className":50,"code":132729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132731,132732,132744,132748],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132733,132734,132736,132738,132740,132742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132735,34918],{"class":63},[57,132737,68],{"class":67},[57,132739,181],{"class":169},[57,132741,184],{"class":173},[57,132743,3602],{"class":169},[57,132745,132746],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132747,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,132749,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,132751,102],{"class":101},[57,132753,105],{"class":71},[57,132755,1222],{"class":113},[57,132757,620],{"class":71},[57,132759,36077],{"class":113},[57,132761,105],{"class":71},[57,132763,170],{"class":169},[57,132765,76238],{"class":173},[57,132767,170],{"class":169},[57,132769,79],{"class":71},[57,132771,4072],{"class":75},[57,132773,79],{"class":71},[57,132775,2706],{"class":75},[57,132777,5592],{"class":71},[57,132779,51636],{"class":3903},[20,132781,132782],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132784,132785],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[43,132787,44438,132789,132791],{"id":132788},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132790,59185],{}," causes an error",[20,132793,132794,132795,2040,132797,620],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132796,59185],{},[15,132798,1420],{},[20,132800,864],{},[48,132802,132804],{"className":50,"code":132803,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132805,132806,132818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132807,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132809,34918],{"class":63},[57,132811,68],{"class":67},[57,132813,181],{"class":169},[57,132815,4084],{"class":173},[57,132817,3602],{"class":169},[57,132819,132820,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132821,102],{"class":101},[57,132823,105],{"class":71},[57,132825,1222],{"class":113},[57,132827,620],{"class":71},[57,132829,36077],{"class":113},[57,132831,105],{"class":71},[57,132833,170],{"class":169},[57,132835,22307],{"class":173},[57,132837,170],{"class":169},[57,132839,117],{"class":71},[20,132841,216],{},[48,132843,132845],{"className":50,"code":132844,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132846,132847],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132848,132849,132851,132853,132856,132858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132850,1420],{"class":1102},[57,132852,270],{"class":71},[57,132854,132855],{"class":63}," substring ",[57,132857,1401],{"class":67},[57,132859,66047],{"class":63},[20,132861,53560,132862,126316,132867,132869],{},[614,132863,132864],{"href":129994},[15,132865,132866],{},"str.find()",[15,132868,66071],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132871,132872,132873,1242,132875,270],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132874,30033],{},[15,132876,30064],{},[48,132878,132880],{"className":50,"code":132879,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132881,132882,132894,132898,132904,132927,132937,132945],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,132883,132884,132886,132888,132890,132892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,132885,34918],{"class":63},[57,132887,68],{"class":67},[57,132889,181],{"class":169},[57,132891,4084],{"class":173},[57,132893,3602],{"class":169},[57,132895,132896],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,132897,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,132899,132900,132902],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,132901,30033],{"class":1962},[57,132903,6623],{"class":71},[57,132905,132906,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921,132923,132925],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,132907,132908],{"class":63},"    position ",[57,132910,68],{"class":67},[57,132912,1212],{"class":63},[57,132914,620],{"class":71},[57,132916,36077],{"class":113},[57,132918,105],{"class":71},[57,132920,170],{"class":169},[57,132922,22307],{"class":173},[57,132924,170],{"class":169},[57,132926,316],{"class":71},[57,132928,132929,132931,132933,132935],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,132930,8296],{"class":101},[57,132932,105],{"class":71},[57,132934,65165],{"class":113},[57,132936,316],{"class":71},[57,132938,132939,132941,132943],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,132940,30064],{"class":1962},[57,132942,42153],{"class":1102},[57,132944,6623],{"class":71},[57,132946,132947,132949,132951,132953,132956,132958],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,132948,8296],{"class":101},[57,132950,105],{"class":71},[57,132952,170],{"class":169},[57,132954,132955],{"class":173},"Substring not found",[57,132957,170],{"class":169},[57,132959,316],{"class":71},[20,132961,132962],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132964,42173,132965,620],{},[614,132966,25910,132968],{"href":132967},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132969,129321],{},[43,132971,132973,1682,132975],{"id":132972},"index-vs-find",[15,132974,59185],{},[15,132976,124345],{},[20,132978,132979,1242,132981,132983],{},[15,132980,59185],{},[15,132982,124345],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[943,132985,132986],{"id":36077},[15,132987,59185],{},[30,132989,132990,132993],{},[33,132991,132992],{},"Returns the first match position",[33,132994,132995],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[48,132997,132999],{"className":50,"code":132998,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133000,133001,133013,133037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133002,133003,133005,133007,133009,133011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133004,34918],{"class":63},[57,133006,68],{"class":67},[57,133008,181],{"class":169},[57,133010,4084],{"class":173},[57,133012,3602],{"class":169},[57,133014,133015,133017,133019,133021,133023,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033,133035],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133016,102],{"class":101},[57,133018,105],{"class":71},[57,133020,1222],{"class":113},[57,133022,620],{"class":71},[57,133024,36077],{"class":113},[57,133026,105],{"class":71},[57,133028,170],{"class":169},[57,133030,60665],{"class":173},[57,133032,170],{"class":169},[57,133034,5592],{"class":71},[57,133036,28010],{"class":3903},[57,133038,133039],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,133040,133041],{"class":3903},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[943,133043,133044],{"id":128375},[15,133045,124345],{},[30,133047,133048,133050],{},[33,133049,132992],{},[33,133051,11651,133052,133054],{},[15,133053,66071],{}," if nothing is found",[48,133056,133058],{"className":50,"code":133057,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133059,133060,133072,133096],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133061,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133063,34918],{"class":63},[57,133065,68],{"class":67},[57,133067,181],{"class":169},[57,133069,4084],{"class":173},[57,133071,3602],{"class":169},[57,133073,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133075,102],{"class":101},[57,133077,105],{"class":71},[57,133079,1222],{"class":113},[57,133081,620],{"class":71},[57,133083,128375],{"class":113},[57,133085,105],{"class":71},[57,133087,170],{"class":169},[57,133089,60665],{"class":173},[57,133091,170],{"class":169},[57,133093,5592],{"class":71},[57,133095,28010],{"class":3903},[57,133097,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,133099,102],{"class":101},[57,133101,105],{"class":71},[57,133103,1222],{"class":113},[57,133105,620],{"class":71},[57,133107,128375],{"class":113},[57,133109,105],{"class":71},[57,133111,170],{"class":169},[57,133113,22307],{"class":173},[57,133115,170],{"class":169},[57,133117,5592],{"class":71},[57,133119,128731],{"class":3903},[20,133121,1806,133122,133124],{},[15,133123,59185],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133126,1806,133127,133129],{},[15,133128,124345],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133131,133132,133133,3122,133138,620],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[614,133134,133135,133137],{"href":129994},[15,133136,132866],{}," method reference",[614,133139,127386],{"href":133140},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[43,133142,1829],{"id":1828},[20,133144,133145,133146,270],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133147,59185],{},[30,133149,133150,133153,133160,133165,133170],{},[33,133151,133152],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[33,133154,1848,133155,8683,133157,133159],{},[15,133156,59185],{},[15,133158,66071],{}," when no match exists",[33,133161,443,133162,133164],{},[15,133163,59185],{}," on a value that may not be present",[33,133166,133167,133168],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133169,3231],{},[33,133171,4812,133172,133174],{},[15,133173,59185],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133176,62513],{},[48,133178,133180],{"className":50,"code":133179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133181,133182,133192,133206,133228,133250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133183,133184,133186,133188,133190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133185,102],{"class":101},[57,133187,105],{"class":71},[57,133189,1222],{"class":113},[57,133191,316],{"class":71},[57,133193,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133195,102],{"class":101},[57,133197,105],{"class":71},[57,133199,42006],{"class":101},[57,133201,105],{"class":71},[57,133203,1222],{"class":113},[57,133205,117],{"class":71},[57,133207,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,133209,102],{"class":101},[57,133211,105],{"class":71},[57,133213,1222],{"class":113},[57,133215,620],{"class":71},[57,133217,36077],{"class":113},[57,133219,105],{"class":71},[57,133221,170],{"class":169},[57,133223,364],{"class":173},[57,133225,170],{"class":169},[57,133227,117],{"class":71},[57,133229,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,133231,102],{"class":101},[57,133233,105],{"class":71},[57,133235,1222],{"class":113},[57,133237,620],{"class":71},[57,133239,128375],{"class":113},[57,133241,105],{"class":71},[57,133243,170],{"class":169},[57,133245,364],{"class":173},[57,133247,170],{"class":169},[57,133249,117],{"class":71},[57,133251,133252,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272,133274,133276,133278],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,133253,102],{"class":101},[57,133255,105],{"class":71},[57,133257,1222],{"class":113},[57,133259,620],{"class":71},[57,133261,36077],{"class":113},[57,133263,105],{"class":71},[57,133265,170],{"class":169},[57,133267,364],{"class":173},[57,133269,170],{"class":169},[57,133271,79],{"class":71},[57,133273,36283],{"class":113},[57,133275,79],{"class":71},[57,133277,65259],{"class":113},[57,133279,117],{"class":71},[20,133281,133282],{},"Tips:",[30,133284,133285,133290,133295,133298],{},[33,133286,1806,133287,133289],{},[15,133288,126272],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[33,133291,1806,133292,133294],{},[15,133293,124345],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[33,133296,133297],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[33,133299,133300,133301],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133302,1294],{},[43,133304,2011],{"id":2010},[943,133306,129854,133308,12945],{"id":133307},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133309,59185],{},[20,133311,133312],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[943,133314,133316],{"id":133315},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133318,77066,133319,620],{},[15,133320,1420],{},[943,133322,2119,133324,1242,133326,2053],{"id":133323},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133325,59185],{},[15,133327,124345],{},[20,133329,133330,133332,133333,2646,133335,6861],{},[15,133331,59185],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133334,124345],{},[15,133336,66071],{},[943,133338,2025,133340,133342],{"id":133339},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133341,59185],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133344,133345],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[943,133347,133349,133350,124686],{"id":133348},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133351,59185],{},[20,133353,129879],{},[43,133355,2135],{"id":2134},[30,133357,133358,133364,133368,133373,133379],{},[33,133359,133360],{},[614,133361,133362,10968],{"href":129994},[15,133363,132866],{},[33,133365,133366],{},[614,133367,124749],{"href":133140},[33,133369,133370],{},[614,133371,129955],{"href":133372},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[33,133374,133375],{},[614,133376,133377,10968],{"href":124800},[15,133378,58809],{},[33,133380,133381],{},[614,133382,30577,133383],{"href":132967},[15,133384,129321],{},[2172,133386,133387],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":132972,"depth":98,"text":133399,"children":133400},"index() vs find()",[133401,133402],{"id":36077,"depth":120,"text":59185},{"id":128375,"depth":120,"text":124345},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":133405},[133406,133408,133409,133411,133413],{"id":133307,"depth":120,"text":133407},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133315,"depth":120,"text":133316},{"id":133323,"depth":120,"text":133410},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133339,"depth":120,"text":133412},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133348,"depth":120,"text":133414},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131935,"description":133416},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133423,"title":133424,"body":133425,"description":136200,"extension":2219,"meta":136201,"navigation":123,"path":136202,"seo":136203,"stem":136204,"__hash__":136205},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133426,"toc":136136},[133427,133433,133438,133441,133444,133455,133457,133526,133528,133542,133547,133552,133557,133559,133602,133604,133687,133689,133735,133741,133743,133745,133765,133767,133790,133792,133866,133868,133887,133892,133894,133898,133970,133972,133986,133990,134066,134068,134087,134091,134185,134187,134196,134203,134279,134281,134299,134303,134306,134313,134362,134364,134373,134380,134439,134441,134459,134462,134469,134528,134530,134548,134555,134612,134614,134623,134627,134632,134636,134695,134697,134715,134719,134766,134771,134774,134843,134845,134862,134869,134875,134930,134935,134938,135015,135017,135035,135041,135047,135107,135109,135128,135134,135137,135144,135197,135202,135204,135265,135274,135281,135283,135340,135345,135347,135418,135422,135477,135479,135488,135493,135499,135568,135570,135602,135608,135616,135623,135629,135694,135696,135705,135711,135792,135794,135803,135808,135822,135829,135833,135838,135866,135868,136001,136004,136041,136043,136049,136058,136063,136066,136071,136076,136082,136085,136094,136097,136099,136128,136133],[10,133428,123350,133430,11549],{"id":133429},"python-string-join-method",[15,133431,133432],{},"join()",[20,133434,123355,133435,133437],{},[15,133436,133432],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133439,133440],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133442,133443],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[30,133445,133446,133452],{},[33,133447,133448,133449,133451],{},"You call ",[15,133450,133432],{}," on the separator string",[33,133453,133454],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[43,133456,3850],{"id":3849},[48,133458,133460],{"className":50,"code":133459,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133461,133462,133495,133516],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133463,133464,133466,133468,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478,133480,133482,133484,133486,133488,133491,133493],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133465,162],{"class":63},[57,133467,68],{"class":67},[57,133469,72],{"class":71},[57,133471,170],{"class":169},[57,133473,7527],{"class":173},[57,133475,170],{"class":169},[57,133477,79],{"class":71},[57,133479,181],{"class":169},[57,133481,1481],{"class":173},[57,133483,170],{"class":169},[57,133485,79],{"class":71},[57,133487,181],{"class":169},[57,133489,133490],{"class":173},"fun",[57,133492,170],{"class":169},[57,133494,95],{"class":71},[57,133496,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133510,133512,133514],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133498,1336],{"class":63},[57,133500,68],{"class":67},[57,133502,181],{"class":169},[57,133504,181],{"class":169},[57,133506,620],{"class":71},[57,133508,133509],{"class":113},"join",[57,133511,105],{"class":71},[57,133513,211],{"class":113},[57,133515,316],{"class":71},[57,133517,133518,133520,133522,133524],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,133519,102],{"class":101},[57,133521,105],{"class":71},[57,133523,1368],{"class":113},[57,133525,316],{"class":71},[20,133527,216],{},[48,133529,133531],{"className":50,"code":133530,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is fun\n",[15,133532,133533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133534,133535,133537,133539],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133536,13],{"class":63},[57,133538,1481],{"class":67},[57,133540,133541],{"class":63}," fun\n",[20,133543,1806,133544,133546],{},[15,133545,133432],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[43,133548,262,133550,265],{"id":133549},"what-join-does",[15,133551,133432],{},[20,133553,133554,133556],{},[15,133555,133432],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133558,11686],{},[30,133560,133561,133568,133596,133599],{},[33,133562,133563,133564,133567],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133565,133566],{},".join()"," as the separator",[33,133569,133570,133571],{},"Common separators are:\n",[30,133572,133573,133579,133585,133591],{},[33,133574,133575,133578],{},[15,133576,133577],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[33,133580,133581,133584],{},[15,133582,133583],{},"\", \""," for commas",[33,133586,133587,133590],{},[15,133588,133589],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[33,133592,133593,133595],{},[15,133594,6502],{}," for no separator",[33,133597,133598],{},"It returns a new string",[33,133600,133601],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133603,864],{},[48,133605,133607],{"className":50,"code":133606,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133608,133609,133641,133663,133667,133677],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133610,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133612,162],{"class":63},[57,133614,68],{"class":67},[57,133616,72],{"class":71},[57,133618,170],{"class":169},[57,133620,13323],{"class":173},[57,133622,170],{"class":169},[57,133624,79],{"class":71},[57,133626,181],{"class":169},[57,133628,17686],{"class":173},[57,133630,170],{"class":169},[57,133632,79],{"class":71},[57,133634,181],{"class":169},[57,133636,13340],{"class":173},[57,133638,170],{"class":169},[57,133640,95],{"class":71},[57,133642,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133644,1336],{"class":63},[57,133646,68],{"class":67},[57,133648,181],{"class":169},[57,133650,2441],{"class":173},[57,133652,170],{"class":169},[57,133654,620],{"class":71},[57,133656,133509],{"class":113},[57,133658,105],{"class":71},[57,133660,211],{"class":113},[57,133662,316],{"class":71},[57,133664,133665],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,133666,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,133668,133669,133671,133673,133675],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,133670,102],{"class":101},[57,133672,105],{"class":71},[57,133674,1368],{"class":113},[57,133676,316],{"class":71},[57,133678,133679,133681,133683,133685],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,133680,102],{"class":101},[57,133682,105],{"class":71},[57,133684,211],{"class":113},[57,133686,316],{"class":71},[20,133688,216],{},[48,133690,133692],{"className":50,"code":133691,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133693,133694,133707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133695,133696,133698,133700,133703,133705],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133697,13323],{"class":63},[57,133699,79],{"class":71},[57,133701,133702],{"class":63}," green",[57,133704,79],{"class":71},[57,133706,36112],{"class":63},[57,133708,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133710,1785],{"class":71},[57,133712,3543],{"class":169},[57,133714,13323],{"class":173},[57,133716,3543],{"class":169},[57,133718,79],{"class":71},[57,133720,3538],{"class":169},[57,133722,17686],{"class":173},[57,133724,3543],{"class":169},[57,133726,79],{"class":71},[57,133728,3538],{"class":169},[57,133730,13340],{"class":173},[57,133732,3543],{"class":169},[57,133734,95],{"class":71},[20,133736,133737,133738,133740],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133739,133432],{}," creates a new string.",[43,133742,294],{"id":293},[20,133744,7448],{},[48,133746,133748],{"className":50,"code":133747,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133749,133750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133751,133752,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133753,133754],{"class":63},"separator",[57,133756,620],{"class":71},[57,133758,133509],{"class":113},[57,133760,105],{"class":71},[57,133762,313],{"class":113},[57,133764,316],{"class":71},[943,133766,49231],{"id":49230},[30,133768,133769,133782,133787],{},[33,133770,133771,133773,133774,2441,133776,2441,133778,2445,133780],{},[15,133772,133754],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133775,133577],{},[15,133777,133583],{},[15,133779,133589],{},[15,133781,6502],{},[33,133783,133784,133786],{},[15,133785,313],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[33,133788,133789],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133791,864],{},[48,133793,133795],{"className":50,"code":133794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133796,133797,133829,133852,133856],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133798,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133800,5228],{"class":63},[57,133802,68],{"class":67},[57,133804,72],{"class":71},[57,133806,170],{"class":169},[57,133808,13110],{"class":173},[57,133810,170],{"class":169},[57,133812,79],{"class":71},[57,133814,181],{"class":169},[57,133816,36172],{"class":173},[57,133818,170],{"class":169},[57,133820,79],{"class":71},[57,133822,181],{"class":169},[57,133824,36181],{"class":173},[57,133826,170],{"class":169},[57,133828,95],{"class":71},[57,133830,133831,133833,133835,133837,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133832,1336],{"class":63},[57,133834,68],{"class":67},[57,133836,181],{"class":169},[57,133838,133839],{"class":173}," | ",[57,133841,170],{"class":169},[57,133843,620],{"class":71},[57,133845,133509],{"class":113},[57,133847,105],{"class":71},[57,133849,5272],{"class":113},[57,133851,316],{"class":71},[57,133853,133854],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,133855,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,133857,133858,133860,133862,133864],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,133859,102],{"class":101},[57,133861,105],{"class":71},[57,133863,1368],{"class":113},[57,133865,316],{"class":71},[20,133867,216],{},[48,133869,133871],{"className":50,"code":133870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133872,133873],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133874,133875,133878,133880,133883,133885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133876,133877],{"class":63},"Ana ",[57,133879,113857],{"class":67},[57,133881,133882],{"class":63}," Ben ",[57,133884,113857],{"class":67},[57,133886,36253],{"class":63},[20,133888,133889,133890,620],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[614,133891,125105],{"href":51196},[43,133893,121881],{"id":121880},[943,133895,133897],{"id":133896},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[48,133899,133901],{"className":50,"code":133900,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133902,133903,133936,133956,133960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133904,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929,133932,133934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133906,162],{"class":63},[57,133908,68],{"class":67},[57,133910,72],{"class":71},[57,133912,170],{"class":169},[57,133914,7527],{"class":173},[57,133916,170],{"class":169},[57,133918,79],{"class":71},[57,133920,181],{"class":169},[57,133922,1481],{"class":173},[57,133924,170],{"class":169},[57,133926,79],{"class":71},[57,133928,181],{"class":169},[57,133930,133931],{"class":173},"easy",[57,133933,170],{"class":169},[57,133935,95],{"class":71},[57,133937,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,133939,1336],{"class":63},[57,133941,68],{"class":67},[57,133943,181],{"class":169},[57,133945,181],{"class":169},[57,133947,620],{"class":71},[57,133949,133509],{"class":113},[57,133951,105],{"class":71},[57,133953,211],{"class":113},[57,133955,316],{"class":71},[57,133957,133958],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,133959,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,133961,133962,133964,133966,133968],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,133963,102],{"class":101},[57,133965,105],{"class":71},[57,133967,1368],{"class":113},[57,133969,316],{"class":71},[20,133971,216],{},[48,133973,133975],{"className":50,"code":133974,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python is easy\n",[15,133976,133977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133978,133979,133981,133983],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133980,13],{"class":63},[57,133982,1481],{"class":67},[57,133984,133985],{"class":63}," easy\n",[943,133987,133989],{"id":133988},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[48,133991,133993],{"className":50,"code":133992,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133994,133995,134030,134052,134056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,133996,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134008,134010,134012,134014,134017,134019,134021,134023,134026,134028],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,133998,1147],{"class":63},[57,134000,68],{"class":67},[57,134002,72],{"class":71},[57,134004,170],{"class":169},[57,134006,134007],{"class":173},"apples",[57,134009,170],{"class":169},[57,134011,79],{"class":71},[57,134013,181],{"class":169},[57,134015,134016],{"class":173},"bananas",[57,134018,170],{"class":169},[57,134020,79],{"class":71},[57,134022,181],{"class":169},[57,134024,134025],{"class":173},"oranges",[57,134027,170],{"class":169},[57,134029,95],{"class":71},[57,134031,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048,134050],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134033,1336],{"class":63},[57,134035,68],{"class":67},[57,134037,181],{"class":169},[57,134039,2441],{"class":173},[57,134041,170],{"class":169},[57,134043,620],{"class":71},[57,134045,133509],{"class":113},[57,134047,105],{"class":71},[57,134049,1199],{"class":113},[57,134051,316],{"class":71},[57,134053,134054],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,134055,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,134057,134058,134060,134062,134064],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,134059,102],{"class":101},[57,134061,105],{"class":71},[57,134063,1368],{"class":113},[57,134065,316],{"class":71},[20,134067,216],{},[48,134069,134071],{"className":50,"code":134070,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134072,134073],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134074,134075,134077,134079,134082,134084],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134076,134007],{"class":63},[57,134078,79],{"class":71},[57,134080,134081],{"class":63}," bananas",[57,134083,79],{"class":71},[57,134085,134086],{"class":63}," oranges\n",[943,134088,134090],{"id":134089},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[48,134092,134094],{"className":50,"code":134093,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134095,134096,134153,134171,134175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134097,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134099,36322],{"class":63},[57,134101,68],{"class":67},[57,134103,72],{"class":71},[57,134105,170],{"class":169},[57,134107,134108],{"class":173},"P",[57,134110,170],{"class":169},[57,134112,79],{"class":71},[57,134114,181],{"class":169},[57,134116,11974],{"class":173},[57,134118,170],{"class":169},[57,134120,79],{"class":71},[57,134122,181],{"class":169},[57,134124,63505],{"class":173},[57,134126,170],{"class":169},[57,134128,79],{"class":71},[57,134130,181],{"class":169},[57,134132,60656],{"class":173},[57,134134,170],{"class":169},[57,134136,79],{"class":71},[57,134138,181],{"class":169},[57,134140,60691],{"class":173},[57,134142,170],{"class":169},[57,134144,79],{"class":71},[57,134146,181],{"class":169},[57,134148,76238],{"class":173},[57,134150,170],{"class":169},[57,134152,95],{"class":71},[57,134154,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134156,1336],{"class":63},[57,134158,68],{"class":67},[57,134160,6356],{"class":169},[57,134162,620],{"class":71},[57,134164,133509],{"class":113},[57,134166,105],{"class":71},[57,134168,36375],{"class":113},[57,134170,316],{"class":71},[57,134172,134173],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,134174,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,134176,134177,134179,134181,134183],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,134178,102],{"class":101},[57,134180,105],{"class":71},[57,134182,1368],{"class":113},[57,134184,316],{"class":71},[20,134186,216],{},[48,134188,134190],{"className":50,"code":134189,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python\n",[15,134191,134192],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134193,134194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134195,134189],{"class":63},[943,134197,134199,134200,134202],{"id":134198},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134201,133432],{}," returns the result",[48,134204,134206],{"className":50,"code":134205,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134207,134208,134241,134264,134268],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134209,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134237,134239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134211,162],{"class":63},[57,134213,68],{"class":67},[57,134215,72],{"class":71},[57,134217,170],{"class":169},[57,134219,6815],{"class":173},[57,134221,170],{"class":169},[57,134223,79],{"class":71},[57,134225,181],{"class":169},[57,134227,79475],{"class":173},[57,134229,170],{"class":169},[57,134231,79],{"class":71},[57,134233,181],{"class":169},[57,134235,134236],{"class":173},"three",[57,134238,170],{"class":169},[57,134240,95],{"class":71},[57,134242,134243,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134244,134245],{"class":63},"joined_text ",[57,134247,68],{"class":67},[57,134249,181],{"class":169},[57,134251,2277],{"class":173},[57,134253,170],{"class":169},[57,134255,620],{"class":71},[57,134257,133509],{"class":113},[57,134259,105],{"class":71},[57,134261,211],{"class":113},[57,134263,316],{"class":71},[57,134265,134266],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,134267,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,134269,134270,134272,134274,134277],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,134271,102],{"class":101},[57,134273,105],{"class":71},[57,134275,134276],{"class":113},"joined_text",[57,134278,316],{"class":71},[20,134280,216],{},[48,134282,134284],{"className":50,"code":134283,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one-two-three\n",[15,134285,134286],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134287,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134289,6815],{"class":63},[57,134291,2277],{"class":67},[57,134293,79475],{"class":63},[57,134295,2277],{"class":67},[57,134297,134298],{"class":63},"three\n",[43,134300,134302],{"id":134301},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134304,134305],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[943,134307,134309,134312],{"id":134308},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134310,134311],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[48,134314,134316],{"className":50,"code":134315,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134317,134318,134342],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134319,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334,134336,134338,134340],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134321,162],{"class":63},[57,134323,68],{"class":67},[57,134325,72],{"class":71},[57,134327,170],{"class":169},[57,134329,4084],{"class":173},[57,134331,170],{"class":169},[57,134333,79],{"class":71},[57,134335,181],{"class":169},[57,134337,60809],{"class":173},[57,134339,170],{"class":169},[57,134341,95],{"class":71},[57,134343,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134345,102],{"class":101},[57,134347,105],{"class":71},[57,134349,170],{"class":169},[57,134351,181],{"class":169},[57,134353,620],{"class":71},[57,134355,133509],{"class":113},[57,134357,105],{"class":71},[57,134359,211],{"class":113},[57,134361,117],{"class":71},[20,134363,216],{},[48,134365,134367],{"className":50,"code":134366,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n",[15,134368,134369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134370,134371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134372,134366],{"class":63},[943,134374,134376,134379],{"id":134375},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134377,134378],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[48,134381,134383],{"className":50,"code":134382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134384,134385,134417],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134386,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134388,13306],{"class":63},[57,134390,68],{"class":67},[57,134392,72],{"class":71},[57,134394,170],{"class":169},[57,134396,13323],{"class":173},[57,134398,170],{"class":169},[57,134400,79],{"class":71},[57,134402,181],{"class":169},[57,134404,13340],{"class":173},[57,134406,170],{"class":169},[57,134408,79],{"class":71},[57,134410,181],{"class":169},[57,134412,17686],{"class":173},[57,134414,170],{"class":169},[57,134416,95],{"class":71},[57,134418,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431,134433,134435,134437],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134420,102],{"class":101},[57,134422,105],{"class":71},[57,134424,170],{"class":169},[57,134426,2441],{"class":173},[57,134428,170],{"class":169},[57,134430,620],{"class":71},[57,134432,133509],{"class":113},[57,134434,105],{"class":71},[57,134436,17733],{"class":113},[57,134438,117],{"class":71},[20,134440,216],{},[48,134442,134444],{"className":50,"code":134443,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134445,134446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134447,134448,134450,134452,134455,134457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134449,13323],{"class":63},[57,134451,79],{"class":71},[57,134453,134454],{"class":63}," blue",[57,134456,79],{"class":71},[57,134458,36105],{"class":63},[20,134460,134461],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[943,134463,134465,134468],{"id":134464},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134466,134467],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[48,134470,134472],{"className":50,"code":134471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134473,134474,134506],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134475,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134477,43062],{"class":63},[57,134479,68],{"class":67},[57,134481,72],{"class":71},[57,134483,170],{"class":169},[57,134485,52],{"class":173},[57,134487,170],{"class":169},[57,134489,79],{"class":71},[57,134491,181],{"class":169},[57,134493,61392],{"class":173},[57,134495,170],{"class":169},[57,134497,79],{"class":71},[57,134499,181],{"class":169},[57,134501,133509],{"class":173},[57,134503,170],{"class":169},[57,134505,95],{"class":71},[57,134507,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134509,102],{"class":101},[57,134511,105],{"class":71},[57,134513,170],{"class":169},[57,134515,2277],{"class":173},[57,134517,170],{"class":169},[57,134519,620],{"class":71},[57,134521,133509],{"class":113},[57,134523,105],{"class":71},[57,134525,43093],{"class":113},[57,134527,117],{"class":71},[20,134529,216],{},[48,134531,134533],{"className":50,"code":134532,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"python-string-join\n",[15,134534,134535],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134536,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134538,52],{"class":63},[57,134540,2277],{"class":67},[57,134542,61392],{"class":63},[57,134544,2277],{"class":67},[57,134546,134547],{"class":63},"join\n",[943,134549,134551,134554],{"id":134550},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134552,134553],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[48,134556,134558],{"className":50,"code":134557,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134559,134560,134593],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134561,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134589,134591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134563,112929],{"class":63},[57,134565,68],{"class":67},[57,134567,72],{"class":71},[57,134569,170],{"class":169},[57,134571,22475],{"class":173},[57,134573,170],{"class":169},[57,134575,79],{"class":71},[57,134577,181],{"class":169},[57,134579,30830],{"class":173},[57,134581,170],{"class":169},[57,134583,79],{"class":71},[57,134585,181],{"class":169},[57,134587,134588],{"class":173},"C",[57,134590,170],{"class":169},[57,134592,95],{"class":71},[57,134594,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134610],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134596,102],{"class":101},[57,134598,105],{"class":71},[57,134600,6502],{"class":169},[57,134602,620],{"class":71},[57,134604,133509],{"class":113},[57,134606,105],{"class":71},[57,134608,134609],{"class":113},"chars",[57,134611,117],{"class":71},[20,134613,216],{},[48,134615,134617],{"className":50,"code":134616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ABC\n",[15,134618,134619],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134620,134621],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134622,134616],{"class":34683},[43,134624,134626],{"id":134625},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134628,134629,134631],{},[15,134630,133432],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[943,134633,134635],{"id":134634},"this-works","This works",[48,134637,134639],{"className":50,"code":134638,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134640,134641,134673],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134644,4061],{"class":63},[57,134646,68],{"class":67},[57,134648,72],{"class":71},[57,134650,170],{"class":169},[57,134652,1561],{"class":173},[57,134654,170],{"class":169},[57,134656,79],{"class":71},[57,134658,181],{"class":169},[57,134660,1568],{"class":173},[57,134662,170],{"class":169},[57,134664,79],{"class":71},[57,134666,181],{"class":169},[57,134668,37072],{"class":173},[57,134670,170],{"class":169},[57,134672,95],{"class":71},[57,134674,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134676,102],{"class":101},[57,134678,105],{"class":71},[57,134680,170],{"class":169},[57,134682,2441],{"class":173},[57,134684,170],{"class":169},[57,134686,620],{"class":71},[57,134688,133509],{"class":113},[57,134690,105],{"class":71},[57,134692,5589],{"class":113},[57,134694,117],{"class":71},[20,134696,216],{},[48,134698,134700],{"className":50,"code":134699,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134701,134702],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134703,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134705,1561],{"class":75},[57,134707,79],{"class":71},[57,134709,1617],{"class":75},[57,134711,79],{"class":71},[57,134713,134714],{"class":75}," 30\n",[943,134716,134718],{"id":134717},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[48,134720,134722],{"className":50,"code":134721,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134723,134724,134744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134725,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134727,4061],{"class":63},[57,134729,68],{"class":67},[57,134731,72],{"class":71},[57,134733,3231],{"class":75},[57,134735,79],{"class":71},[57,134737,87],{"class":75},[57,134739,79],{"class":71},[57,134741,1793],{"class":75},[57,134743,95],{"class":71},[57,134745,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134747,102],{"class":101},[57,134749,105],{"class":71},[57,134751,170],{"class":169},[57,134753,2441],{"class":173},[57,134755,170],{"class":169},[57,134757,620],{"class":71},[57,134759,133509],{"class":113},[57,134761,105],{"class":71},[57,134763,5589],{"class":113},[57,134765,117],{"class":71},[20,134767,90306,134768,134770],{},[15,134769,1539],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134772,134773],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[48,134775,134777],{"className":50,"code":134776,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134778,134779,134799,134829,134833],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134780,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134782,4061],{"class":63},[57,134784,68],{"class":67},[57,134786,72],{"class":71},[57,134788,3231],{"class":75},[57,134790,79],{"class":71},[57,134792,87],{"class":75},[57,134794,79],{"class":71},[57,134796,1793],{"class":75},[57,134798,95],{"class":71},[57,134800,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134802,1336],{"class":63},[57,134804,68],{"class":67},[57,134806,181],{"class":169},[57,134808,2441],{"class":173},[57,134810,170],{"class":169},[57,134812,620],{"class":71},[57,134814,133509],{"class":113},[57,134816,105],{"class":71},[57,134818,40088],{"class":101},[57,134820,105],{"class":71},[57,134822,1103],{"class":1102},[57,134824,79],{"class":71},[57,134826,4121],{"class":113},[57,134828,117],{"class":71},[57,134830,134831],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,134832,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,134834,134835,134837,134839,134841],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,134836,102],{"class":101},[57,134838,105],{"class":71},[57,134840,1368],{"class":113},[57,134842,316],{"class":71},[20,134844,216],{},[48,134846,134848],{"className":50,"code":134847,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134849,134850],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134851,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134853,3231],{"class":75},[57,134855,79],{"class":71},[57,134857,87],{"class":75},[57,134859,79],{"class":71},[57,134861,2823],{"class":75},[20,134863,134864,134865,620],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[614,134866,13,134867,2144],{"href":42402},[15,134868,47906],{},[943,134870,134872,134874],{"id":134871},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134873,1524],{}," values do not work directly",[48,134876,134878],{"className":50,"code":134877,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134879,134880,134908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134881,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134883,4061],{"class":63},[57,134885,68],{"class":67},[57,134887,72],{"class":71},[57,134889,170],{"class":169},[57,134891,174],{"class":173},[57,134893,170],{"class":169},[57,134895,79],{"class":71},[57,134897,4091],{"class":1523},[57,134899,79],{"class":71},[57,134901,181],{"class":169},[57,134903,184],{"class":173},[57,134905,170],{"class":169},[57,134907,95],{"class":71},[57,134909,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134911,102],{"class":101},[57,134913,105],{"class":71},[57,134915,170],{"class":169},[57,134917,2441],{"class":173},[57,134919,170],{"class":169},[57,134921,620],{"class":71},[57,134923,133509],{"class":113},[57,134925,105],{"class":71},[57,134927,5589],{"class":113},[57,134929,117],{"class":71},[20,134931,134932,134933,620],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134934,1539],{},[20,134936,134937],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[48,134939,134941],{"className":50,"code":134940,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134942,134943,134971,135001,135005],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,134944,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,134946,4061],{"class":63},[57,134948,68],{"class":67},[57,134950,72],{"class":71},[57,134952,170],{"class":169},[57,134954,174],{"class":173},[57,134956,170],{"class":169},[57,134958,79],{"class":71},[57,134960,4091],{"class":1523},[57,134962,79],{"class":71},[57,134964,181],{"class":169},[57,134966,184],{"class":173},[57,134968,170],{"class":169},[57,134970,95],{"class":71},[57,134972,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995,134997,134999],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,134974,1336],{"class":63},[57,134976,68],{"class":67},[57,134978,181],{"class":169},[57,134980,2441],{"class":173},[57,134982,170],{"class":169},[57,134984,620],{"class":71},[57,134986,133509],{"class":113},[57,134988,105],{"class":71},[57,134990,40088],{"class":101},[57,134992,105],{"class":71},[57,134994,1103],{"class":1102},[57,134996,79],{"class":71},[57,134998,4121],{"class":113},[57,135000,117],{"class":71},[57,135002,135003],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,135004,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,135006,135007,135009,135011,135013],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,135008,102],{"class":101},[57,135010,105],{"class":71},[57,135012,1368],{"class":113},[57,135014,316],{"class":71},[20,135016,216],{},[48,135018,135020],{"className":50,"code":135019,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135021,135022],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135023,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135025,174],{"class":63},[57,135027,79],{"class":71},[57,135029,4091],{"class":1523},[57,135031,79],{"class":71},[57,135033,135034],{"class":63}," banana\n",[20,135036,135037,135038,135040],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135039,1524],{}," values instead of converting them.",[943,135042,135044,135046],{"id":135043},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135045,133432],{}," also works with tuples",[48,135048,135050],{"className":50,"code":135049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135051,135052,135084],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135053,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068,135070,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135055,5228],{"class":63},[57,135057,68],{"class":67},[57,135059,9463],{"class":71},[57,135061,170],{"class":169},[57,135063,7907],{"class":173},[57,135065,170],{"class":169},[57,135067,79],{"class":71},[57,135069,181],{"class":169},[57,135071,131438],{"class":173},[57,135073,170],{"class":169},[57,135075,79],{"class":71},[57,135077,181],{"class":169},[57,135079,8148],{"class":173},[57,135081,170],{"class":169},[57,135083,316],{"class":71},[57,135085,135086,135088,135090,135092,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135087,102],{"class":101},[57,135089,105],{"class":71},[57,135091,170],{"class":169},[57,135093,135094],{"class":173}," \u002F ",[57,135096,170],{"class":169},[57,135098,620],{"class":71},[57,135100,133509],{"class":113},[57,135102,105],{"class":71},[57,135104,5272],{"class":113},[57,135106,117],{"class":71},[20,135108,216],{},[48,135110,135112],{"className":50,"code":135111,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135113,135114],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135115,135116,135119,135121,135124,135126],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135117,135118],{"class":63},"Sam ",[57,135120,127242],{"class":67},[57,135122,135123],{"class":63}," Lee ",[57,135125,127242],{"class":67},[57,135127,22564],{"class":63},[43,135129,135131,135132],{"id":135130},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135133,133432],{},[20,135135,135136],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[943,135138,135140,135141,135143],{"id":135139},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135142,1539],{}," because not all items are strings",[48,135145,135147],{"className":50,"code":135146,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135148,135149,135177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135150,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135152,1147],{"class":63},[57,135154,68],{"class":67},[57,135156,72],{"class":71},[57,135158,170],{"class":169},[57,135160,614],{"class":173},[57,135162,170],{"class":169},[57,135164,79],{"class":71},[57,135166,87],{"class":75},[57,135168,79],{"class":71},[57,135170,181],{"class":169},[57,135172,9966],{"class":173},[57,135174,170],{"class":169},[57,135176,95],{"class":71},[57,135178,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135180,102],{"class":101},[57,135182,105],{"class":71},[57,135184,170],{"class":169},[57,135186,181],{"class":169},[57,135188,620],{"class":71},[57,135190,133509],{"class":113},[57,135192,105],{"class":71},[57,135194,1199],{"class":113},[57,135196,117],{"class":71},[20,135198,48731,135199,135201],{},[15,135200,1788],{}," is an integer.",[20,135203,39490],{},[48,135205,135207],{"className":50,"code":135206,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135208,135209,135237],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135210,135211,135213,135215,135217,135219,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135212,1147],{"class":63},[57,135214,68],{"class":67},[57,135216,72],{"class":71},[57,135218,170],{"class":169},[57,135220,614],{"class":173},[57,135222,170],{"class":169},[57,135224,79],{"class":71},[57,135226,87],{"class":75},[57,135228,79],{"class":71},[57,135230,181],{"class":169},[57,135232,9966],{"class":173},[57,135234,170],{"class":169},[57,135236,95],{"class":71},[57,135238,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249,135251,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135240,102],{"class":101},[57,135242,105],{"class":71},[57,135244,170],{"class":169},[57,135246,181],{"class":169},[57,135248,620],{"class":71},[57,135250,133509],{"class":113},[57,135252,105],{"class":71},[57,135254,40088],{"class":101},[57,135256,105],{"class":71},[57,135258,1103],{"class":1102},[57,135260,79],{"class":71},[57,135262,1972],{"class":113},[57,135264,1225],{"class":71},[20,135266,135267,135268,620],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[614,135269,25910,135271],{"href":135270},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135272,135273],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[943,135275,135277,135278,135280],{"id":135276},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135279,133432],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135282,4758],{},[48,135284,135286],{"className":50,"code":135285,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135287,135288,135320],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135289,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302,135304,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135291,162],{"class":63},[57,135293,68],{"class":67},[57,135295,72],{"class":71},[57,135297,170],{"class":169},[57,135299,7527],{"class":173},[57,135301,170],{"class":169},[57,135303,79],{"class":71},[57,135305,181],{"class":169},[57,135307,1481],{"class":173},[57,135309,170],{"class":169},[57,135311,79],{"class":71},[57,135313,181],{"class":169},[57,135315,133490],{"class":173},[57,135317,170],{"class":169},[57,135319,95],{"class":71},[57,135321,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330,135332,135334,135336,135338],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135323,1336],{"class":63},[57,135325,68],{"class":67},[57,135327,6398],{"class":63},[57,135329,620],{"class":71},[57,135331,133509],{"class":113},[57,135333,105],{"class":71},[57,135335,170],{"class":169},[57,135337,181],{"class":169},[57,135339,316],{"class":71},[20,135341,135342,135344],{},[15,135343,133432],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135346,11035],{},[48,135348,135350],{"className":50,"code":135349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135351,135352,135384,135404,135408],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135353,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135355,162],{"class":63},[57,135357,68],{"class":67},[57,135359,72],{"class":71},[57,135361,170],{"class":169},[57,135363,7527],{"class":173},[57,135365,170],{"class":169},[57,135367,79],{"class":71},[57,135369,181],{"class":169},[57,135371,1481],{"class":173},[57,135373,170],{"class":169},[57,135375,79],{"class":71},[57,135377,181],{"class":169},[57,135379,133490],{"class":173},[57,135381,170],{"class":169},[57,135383,95],{"class":71},[57,135385,135386,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135387,1336],{"class":63},[57,135389,68],{"class":67},[57,135391,181],{"class":169},[57,135393,181],{"class":169},[57,135395,620],{"class":71},[57,135397,133509],{"class":113},[57,135399,105],{"class":71},[57,135401,211],{"class":113},[57,135403,316],{"class":71},[57,135405,135406],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,135407,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,135409,135410,135412,135414,135416],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,135411,102],{"class":101},[57,135413,105],{"class":71},[57,135415,1368],{"class":113},[57,135417,316],{"class":71},[943,135419,135421],{"id":135420},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[48,135423,135425],{"className":50,"code":135424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135426,135427,135459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135428,135429,135431,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135451,135453,135455,135457],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135430,162],{"class":63},[57,135432,68],{"class":67},[57,135434,72],{"class":71},[57,135436,170],{"class":169},[57,135438,6815],{"class":173},[57,135440,170],{"class":169},[57,135442,79],{"class":71},[57,135444,181],{"class":169},[57,135446,79475],{"class":173},[57,135448,170],{"class":169},[57,135450,79],{"class":71},[57,135452,181],{"class":169},[57,135454,134236],{"class":173},[57,135456,170],{"class":169},[57,135458,95],{"class":71},[57,135460,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471,135473,135475],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135462,102],{"class":101},[57,135464,105],{"class":71},[57,135466,6502],{"class":169},[57,135468,620],{"class":71},[57,135470,133509],{"class":113},[57,135472,105],{"class":71},[57,135474,211],{"class":113},[57,135476,117],{"class":71},[20,135478,216],{},[48,135480,135482],{"className":50,"code":135481,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"onetwothree\n",[15,135483,135484],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135485,135486],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135487,135481],{"class":63},[20,135489,135490,135491,6861],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135492,133577],{},[943,135494,135496,135497,131700],{"id":135495},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135498,133432],{},[48,135500,135502],{"className":50,"code":135501,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135503,135504,135536,135554,135558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135505,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135507,162],{"class":63},[57,135509,68],{"class":67},[57,135511,72],{"class":71},[57,135513,170],{"class":169},[57,135515,614],{"class":173},[57,135517,170],{"class":169},[57,135519,79],{"class":71},[57,135521,181],{"class":169},[57,135523,4993],{"class":173},[57,135525,170],{"class":169},[57,135527,79],{"class":71},[57,135529,181],{"class":169},[57,135531,9966],{"class":173},[57,135533,170],{"class":169},[57,135535,95],{"class":71},[57,135537,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135539,170],{"class":43553},[57,135541,2277],{"class":43557},[57,135543,170],{"class":43553},[57,135545,620],{"class":71},[57,135547,133509],{"class":113},[57,135549,105],{"class":71},[57,135551,211],{"class":113},[57,135553,316],{"class":71},[57,135555,135556],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,135557,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,135559,135560,135562,135564,135566],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,135561,102],{"class":101},[57,135563,105],{"class":71},[57,135565,211],{"class":113},[57,135567,316],{"class":71},[20,135569,216],{},[48,135571,135572],{"className":50,"code":43100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,135573,135574],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135575,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135577,1785],{"class":71},[57,135579,3543],{"class":169},[57,135581,614],{"class":173},[57,135583,3543],{"class":169},[57,135585,79],{"class":71},[57,135587,3538],{"class":169},[57,135589,4993],{"class":173},[57,135591,3543],{"class":169},[57,135593,79],{"class":71},[57,135595,3538],{"class":169},[57,135597,9966],{"class":173},[57,135599,3543],{"class":169},[57,135601,95],{"class":71},[20,135603,135604,135605,135607],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135606,133432],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[43,135609,135611,135613,135614],{"id":135610},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135612,133432],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135615,2314],{},[20,135617,10817,135618,1242,135620,135622],{},[15,135619,133432],{},[15,135621,2314],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[943,135624,1806,135626,135628],{"id":135625},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135627,2314],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[48,135630,135632],{"className":50,"code":135631,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135633,135634,135647,135660,135680,135684],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135635,135636,135639,135641,135643,135645],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135637,135638],{"class":63},"first ",[57,135640,68],{"class":67},[57,135642,181],{"class":169},[57,135644,35097],{"class":173},[57,135646,3602],{"class":169},[57,135648,135649,135652,135654,135656,135658],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135650,135651],{"class":63},"second ",[57,135653,68],{"class":67},[57,135655,181],{"class":169},[57,135657,89735],{"class":173},[57,135659,3602],{"class":169},[57,135661,135662,135664,135666,135669,135671,135673,135675,135677],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,135663,1336],{"class":63},[57,135665,68],{"class":67},[57,135667,135668],{"class":63}," first ",[57,135670,2314],{"class":67},[57,135672,181],{"class":169},[57,135674,181],{"class":169},[57,135676,2703],{"class":67},[57,135678,135679],{"class":63}," second\n",[57,135681,135682],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,135683,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,135685,135686,135688,135690,135692],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,135687,102],{"class":101},[57,135689,105],{"class":71},[57,135691,1368],{"class":113},[57,135693,316],{"class":71},[20,135695,216],{},[48,135697,135699],{"className":50,"code":135698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Hello World\n",[15,135700,135701],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135702,135703],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135704,135698],{"class":63},[943,135706,1806,135708,135710],{"id":135707},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135709,133432],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[48,135712,135714],{"className":50,"code":135713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135715,135716,135758,135778,135782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135717,135718,135720,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730,135732,135734,135737,135739,135741,135743,135746,135748,135750,135752,135754,135756],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135719,162],{"class":63},[57,135721,68],{"class":67},[57,135723,72],{"class":71},[57,135725,170],{"class":169},[57,135727,7527],{"class":173},[57,135729,170],{"class":169},[57,135731,79],{"class":71},[57,135733,181],{"class":169},[57,135735,135736],{"class":173},"makes",[57,135738,170],{"class":169},[57,135740,79],{"class":71},[57,135742,181],{"class":169},[57,135744,135745],{"class":173},"this",[57,135747,170],{"class":169},[57,135749,79],{"class":71},[57,135751,181],{"class":169},[57,135753,133931],{"class":173},[57,135755,170],{"class":169},[57,135757,95],{"class":71},[57,135759,135760,135762,135764,135766,135768,135770,135772,135774,135776],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135761,1336],{"class":63},[57,135763,68],{"class":67},[57,135765,181],{"class":169},[57,135767,181],{"class":169},[57,135769,620],{"class":71},[57,135771,133509],{"class":113},[57,135773,105],{"class":71},[57,135775,211],{"class":113},[57,135777,316],{"class":71},[57,135779,135780],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,135781,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,135783,135784,135786,135788,135790],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,135785,102],{"class":101},[57,135787,105],{"class":71},[57,135789,1368],{"class":113},[57,135791,316],{"class":71},[20,135793,216],{},[48,135795,135797],{"className":50,"code":135796,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135798,135799],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135800,135801],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135802,135796],{"class":63},[20,135804,135805,135807],{},[15,135806,133432],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[30,135809,135810,135813,135816],{},[33,135811,135812],{},"You already have a list of strings",[33,135814,135815],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[33,135817,135818,135819,135821],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135820,2314],{}," operators",[20,135823,135824,135825,620],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[614,135826,135828],{"href":135827},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[43,135830,135832],{"id":135831},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135834,9103,135835,135837],{},[15,135836,133432],{}," is not working, check these first:",[30,135839,135840,135843,135848,135857,135863],{},[33,135841,135842],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[33,135844,135845,135846],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135847,1524],{},[33,135849,135850,135851,11320,135854],{},"You may have written ",[15,135852,135853],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135855,135856],{},"string.join(...)",[33,135858,135859,135860,135862],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135861,133432],{}," to change the original iterable",[33,135864,135865],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135867,94375],{},[48,135869,135871],{"className":50,"code":135870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135872,135873,135887,135897,135921,135961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,135874,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,135876,102],{"class":101},[57,135878,105],{"class":71},[57,135880,1886],{"class":1102},[57,135882,105],{"class":71},[57,135884,1199],{"class":113},[57,135886,117],{"class":71},[57,135888,135889,135891,135893,135895],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,135890,102],{"class":101},[57,135892,105],{"class":71},[57,135894,1199],{"class":113},[57,135896,316],{"class":71},[57,135898,135899,135901,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917,135919],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,135900,102],{"class":101},[57,135902,1949],{"class":71},[57,135904,1886],{"class":1102},[57,135906,105],{"class":71},[57,135908,23541],{"class":113},[57,135910,1959],{"class":71},[57,135912,1963],{"class":1962},[57,135914,6192],{"class":113},[57,135916,1969],{"class":1962},[57,135918,1972],{"class":113},[57,135920,1975],{"class":71},[57,135922,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949,135951,135953,135955,135957,135959],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,135924,102],{"class":101},[57,135926,105],{"class":71},[57,135928,3543],{"class":169},[57,135930,3538],{"class":169},[57,135932,620],{"class":71},[57,135934,133509],{"class":113},[57,135936,1949],{"class":71},[57,135938,3543],{"class":169},[57,135940,614],{"class":173},[57,135942,3543],{"class":169},[57,135944,79],{"class":71},[57,135946,3538],{"class":169},[57,135948,4993],{"class":173},[57,135950,3543],{"class":169},[57,135952,79],{"class":71},[57,135954,3538],{"class":169},[57,135956,9966],{"class":173},[57,135958,3543],{"class":169},[57,135960,3242],{"class":71},[57,135962,135963,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,135964,102],{"class":101},[57,135966,105],{"class":71},[57,135968,3543],{"class":169},[57,135970,2441],{"class":173},[57,135972,3543],{"class":169},[57,135974,620],{"class":71},[57,135976,133509],{"class":113},[57,135978,105],{"class":71},[57,135980,40088],{"class":101},[57,135982,105],{"class":71},[57,135984,1103],{"class":1102},[57,135986,79],{"class":71},[57,135988,72],{"class":71},[57,135990,3231],{"class":75},[57,135992,79],{"class":71},[57,135994,87],{"class":75},[57,135996,79],{"class":71},[57,135998,1793],{"class":75},[57,136000,37495],{"class":71},[20,136002,136003],{},"What these checks do:",[30,136005,136006,136014,136020,136026,136035],{},[33,136007,136008,136011,136012,8324],{},[15,136009,136010],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136013,1199],{},[33,136015,136016,136019],{},[15,136017,136018],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[33,136021,136022,136025],{},[15,136023,136024],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[33,136027,136028,136031,136032,136034],{},[15,136029,136030],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136033,133432],{}," behavior",[33,136036,136037,136040],{},[15,136038,136039],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[43,136042,2011],{"id":2010},[943,136044,12933,136046,136048],{"id":136045},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136047,133432],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136050,136051,136052,136054,136055,620],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136053,133432],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136056,136057],{},"map(str, values)",[943,136059,12933,136061,57383],{"id":136060},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136062,133432],{},[20,136064,136065],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[943,136067,28559,136069,62853],{"id":136068},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136070,133432],{},[20,136072,42379,136073,136075],{},[15,136074,133432],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[943,136077,2015,136079,40189],{"id":136078},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136080,136081],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136083,136084],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[943,136086,136088,136089,136091,136092,2053],{"id":136087},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136090,1539],{}," when using ",[15,136093,133432],{},[20,136095,136096],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[43,136098,2135],{"id":2134},[30,136100,136101,136106,136112,136118,136124],{},[33,136102,136103],{},[614,136104,136105],{"href":135827},"How to join strings in Python",[33,136107,136108],{},[614,136109,126350,136110,10968],{"href":129037},[15,136111,60749],{},[33,136113,136114],{},[614,136115,13,136116,2144],{"href":42402},[15,136117,47906],{},[33,136119,136120],{},[614,136121,30577,136122],{"href":135270},[15,136123,135273],{},[33,136125,136126],{},[614,136127,125105],{"href":51196},[20,136129,97345,136130,136132],{},[15,136131,133432],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2172,136134,136135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":136137},[136138,136139,136141,136144,136151,136161,136169,136179,136186,136187,136199],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":133549,"depth":98,"text":136140},"What join() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":136142},[136143],{"id":49230,"depth":120,"text":49231},{"id":121880,"depth":98,"text":121881,"children":136145},[136146,136147,136148,136149],{"id":133896,"depth":120,"text":133897},{"id":133988,"depth":120,"text":133989},{"id":134089,"depth":120,"text":134090},{"id":134198,"depth":120,"text":136150},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134301,"depth":98,"text":134302,"children":136152},[136153,136155,136157,136159],{"id":134308,"depth":120,"text":136154},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134375,"depth":120,"text":136156},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134464,"depth":120,"text":136158},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134550,"depth":120,"text":136160},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134625,"depth":98,"text":134626,"children":136162},[136163,136164,136165,136167],{"id":134634,"depth":120,"text":134635},{"id":134717,"depth":120,"text":134718},{"id":134871,"depth":120,"text":136166},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135043,"depth":120,"text":136168},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135130,"depth":98,"text":136170,"children":136171},"Common errors with join()",[136172,136174,136176,136177],{"id":135139,"depth":120,"text":136173},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135276,"depth":120,"text":136175},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135420,"depth":120,"text":135421},{"id":135495,"depth":120,"text":136178},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135610,"depth":98,"text":136180,"children":136181},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136182,136184],{"id":135625,"depth":120,"text":136183},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135707,"depth":120,"text":136185},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135831,"depth":98,"text":135832},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":136188},[136189,136191,136193,136195,136197],{"id":136045,"depth":120,"text":136190},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136060,"depth":120,"text":136192},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136068,"depth":120,"text":136194},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136078,"depth":120,"text":136196},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136087,"depth":120,"text":136198},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133424,"description":136200},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136207,"title":136208,"body":136209,"description":137777,"extension":2219,"meta":137778,"navigation":123,"path":137779,"seo":137780,"stem":137781,"__hash__":137782},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136210,"toc":137744},[136211,136216,136221,136223,136237,136282,136289,136294,136299,136301,136317,136326,136328,136330,136345,136347,136357,136359,136421,136423,136426,136487,136489,136505,136507,136520,136523,136570,136572,136578,136581,136584,136644,136652,136738,136742,136747,136749,136763,136766,136851,136854,136912,136923,136978,136980,136987,136993,136999,137043,137046,137093,137095,137097,137104,137106,137137,137140,137142,137173,137177,137180,137182,137222,137224,137267,137273,137278,137280,137307,137312,137315,137364,137368,137371,137446,137457,137460,137517,137524,137530,137538,137543,137550,137557,137575,137577,137631,137639,137641,137646,137649,137655,137661,137666,137669,137675,137681,137688,137696,137698,137741],[10,136212,123350,136214,11549],{"id":136213},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136215,124080],{},[20,136217,123355,136218,136220],{},[15,136219,124080],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136222,24318],{},[30,136224,136225,136228,136231,136234],{},[33,136226,136227],{},"convert text to lowercase",[33,136229,136230],{},"compare text without case differences",[33,136232,136233],{},"clean up user input",[33,136235,136236],{},"make simple text matching easier",[48,136238,136240],{"className":50,"code":136239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136241,136242,136255,136269],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136243,136244,136246,136248,136250,136253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136245,34918],{"class":63},[57,136247,68],{"class":67},[57,136249,181],{"class":169},[57,136251,136252],{"class":173},"Hello WORLD",[57,136254,3602],{"class":169},[57,136256,136257,136259,136261,136263,136265,136267],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136258,1336],{"class":63},[57,136260,68],{"class":67},[57,136262,1212],{"class":63},[57,136264,620],{"class":71},[57,136266,1109],{"class":113},[57,136268,8870],{"class":71},[57,136270,136271,136273,136275,136277,136279],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136272,102],{"class":101},[57,136274,105],{"class":71},[57,136276,1368],{"class":113},[57,136278,1959],{"class":71},[57,136280,136281],{"class":3903},"  # hello world\n",[20,136283,136284,88958,136286,136288],{},[1399,136285,1384],{},[15,136287,124080],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[43,136290,262,136292,265],{"id":136291},"what-lower-does",[15,136293,124080],{},[20,136295,136296,136298],{},[15,136297,124080],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136300,13282],{},[30,136302,136303,136308,136311,136314],{},[33,136304,136305,136307],{},[15,136306,124080],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[33,136309,136310],{},"It works on string objects",[33,136312,136313],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[33,136315,136316],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136318,125102,136319,136323,136324,620],{},[614,136320,136322],{"href":136321},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[614,136325,51197],{"href":51196},[43,136327,294],{"id":293},[20,136329,2412],{},[48,136331,136333],{"className":50,"code":136332,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.lower()\n",[15,136334,136335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136336,136337,136339,136341,136343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136338,61392],{"class":63},[57,136340,620],{"class":71},[57,136342,1109],{"class":113},[57,136344,8870],{"class":71},[20,136346,43875],{},[30,136348,136349,136351,136354],{},[33,136350,97523],{},[33,136352,136353],{},"You call it directly on a string",[33,136355,136356],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136358,864],{},[48,136360,136362],{"className":50,"code":136361,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136363,136364,136387,136391,136404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136365,136366,136368,136370,136372,136375,136377,136379,136381,136384],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136367,102],{"class":101},[57,136369,105],{"class":71},[57,136371,170],{"class":169},[57,136373,136374],{"class":173},"HELLO",[57,136376,170],{"class":169},[57,136378,620],{"class":71},[57,136380,1109],{"class":113},[57,136382,136383],{"class":71},"())",[57,136385,136386],{"class":3903},"  # hello\n",[57,136388,136389],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136390,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136392,136393,136395,136397,136399,136402],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136394,8103],{"class":63},[57,136396,68],{"class":67},[57,136398,181],{"class":169},[57,136400,136401],{"class":173},"PyThOn",[57,136403,3602],{"class":169},[57,136405,136406,136408,136410,136412,136414,136416,136418],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136407,102],{"class":101},[57,136409,105],{"class":71},[57,136411,7898],{"class":113},[57,136413,620],{"class":71},[57,136415,1109],{"class":113},[57,136417,136383],{"class":71},[57,136419,136420],{"class":3903},"  # python\n",[43,136422,11703],{"id":11702},[20,136424,136425],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[48,136427,136429],{"className":50,"code":136428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136430,136431,136443,136447,136462,136466,136477],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136432,136433,136435,136437,136439,136441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136434,34918],{"class":63},[57,136436,68],{"class":67},[57,136438,181],{"class":169},[57,136440,136252],{"class":173},[57,136442,3602],{"class":169},[57,136444,136445],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136446,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136448,136449,136452,136454,136456,136458,136460],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136450,136451],{"class":63},"lower_text ",[57,136453,68],{"class":67},[57,136455,1212],{"class":63},[57,136457,620],{"class":71},[57,136459,1109],{"class":113},[57,136461,8870],{"class":71},[57,136463,136464],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136465,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136467,136468,136470,136472,136475],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,136469,102],{"class":101},[57,136471,105],{"class":71},[57,136473,136474],{"class":113},"lower_text",[57,136476,316],{"class":71},[57,136478,136479,136481,136483,136485],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,136480,102],{"class":101},[57,136482,105],{"class":71},[57,136484,1222],{"class":113},[57,136486,316],{"class":71},[20,136488,216],{},[48,136490,136492],{"className":50,"code":136491,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136493,136494,136498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136495,136496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136497,134366],{"class":63},[57,136499,136500,136502],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136501,131766],{"class":63},[57,136503,136504],{"class":34683},"WORLD\n",[20,136506,24838],{},[30,136508,136509,136514],{},[33,136510,136511,136513],{},[15,136512,124080],{}," returns the lowercase result",[33,136515,136516,136517,136519],{},"the original ",[15,136518,1222],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136521,136522],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[48,136524,136526],{"className":50,"code":136525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136527,136528,136540,136554,136558],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136529,136530,136532,136534,136536,136538],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136531,34918],{"class":63},[57,136533,68],{"class":67},[57,136535,181],{"class":169},[57,136537,136252],{"class":173},[57,136539,3602],{"class":169},[57,136541,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136543,34918],{"class":63},[57,136545,68],{"class":67},[57,136547,1212],{"class":63},[57,136549,620],{"class":71},[57,136551,1109],{"class":113},[57,136553,8870],{"class":71},[57,136555,136556],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136557,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136559,136560,136562,136564,136566,136568],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136561,102],{"class":101},[57,136563,105],{"class":71},[57,136565,1222],{"class":113},[57,136567,1959],{"class":71},[57,136569,136281],{"class":3903},[43,136571,17649],{"id":17648},[20,136573,136574,22205,136576,620],{},[15,136575,124080],{},[1399,136577,61392],{},[20,136579,136580],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136582,136583],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[48,136585,136587],{"className":50,"code":136586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136588,136589,136603,136607,136630],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136590,136591,136594,136596,136598,136601],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136592,136593],{"class":63},"answer ",[57,136595,68],{"class":67},[57,136597,181],{"class":169},[57,136599,136600],{"class":173},"YES",[57,136602,3602],{"class":169},[57,136604,136605],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136606,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136608,136609,136611,136614,136616,136618,136620,136622,136624,136626,136628],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136610,7228],{"class":1962},[57,136612,136613],{"class":63}," answer",[57,136615,620],{"class":71},[57,136617,1109],{"class":113},[57,136619,1475],{"class":71},[57,136621,6638],{"class":67},[57,136623,181],{"class":169},[57,136625,8885],{"class":173},[57,136627,170],{"class":169},[57,136629,6623],{"class":71},[57,136631,136632,136634,136636,136638,136640,136642],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136633,8296],{"class":101},[57,136635,105],{"class":71},[57,136637,170],{"class":169},[57,136639,96832],{"class":173},[57,136641,170],{"class":169},[57,136643,316],{"class":71},[20,136645,136646,136647,270],{},"This is especially useful with ",[614,136648,136649,136650,2553],{"href":8447},"the ",[15,136651,3201],{},[48,136653,136655],{"className":50,"code":136654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136656,136657,136676,136680,136702,136717,136723],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136658,136659,136661,136663,136665,136667,136669,136672,136674],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136660,136593],{"class":63},[57,136662,68],{"class":67},[57,136664,8470],{"class":101},[57,136666,105],{"class":71},[57,136668,170],{"class":169},[57,136670,136671],{"class":173},"Type yes or no: ",[57,136673,170],{"class":169},[57,136675,316],{"class":71},[57,136677,136678],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136679,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136681,136682,136684,136686,136688,136690,136692,136694,136696,136698,136700],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136683,7228],{"class":1962},[57,136685,136613],{"class":63},[57,136687,620],{"class":71},[57,136689,1109],{"class":113},[57,136691,1475],{"class":71},[57,136693,6638],{"class":67},[57,136695,181],{"class":169},[57,136697,8885],{"class":173},[57,136699,170],{"class":169},[57,136701,6623],{"class":71},[57,136703,136704,136706,136708,136710,136713,136715],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136705,8296],{"class":101},[57,136707,105],{"class":71},[57,136709,170],{"class":169},[57,136711,136712],{"class":173},"You typed yes",[57,136714,170],{"class":169},[57,136716,316],{"class":71},[57,136718,136719,136721],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,136720,27664],{"class":1962},[57,136722,6623],{"class":71},[57,136724,136725,136727,136729,136731,136734,136736],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,136726,8296],{"class":101},[57,136728,105],{"class":71},[57,136730,170],{"class":169},[57,136732,136733],{"class":173},"You typed something else",[57,136735,170],{"class":169},[57,136737,316],{"class":71},[43,136739,136741],{"id":136740},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136743,136744,136746],{},[15,136745,124080],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136748,7573],{},[30,136750,136751,136754,136757,136760],{},[33,136752,136753],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[33,136755,136756],{},"Make text matching easier",[33,136758,136759],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[33,136761,136762],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136764,136765],{},"Example: checking user input",[48,136767,136769],{"className":50,"code":136768,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136770,136771,136789,136793,136815,136830,136836],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136772,136773,136775,136777,136779,136781,136783,136785,136787],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136774,45184],{"class":63},[57,136776,68],{"class":67},[57,136778,8470],{"class":101},[57,136780,105],{"class":71},[57,136782,170],{"class":169},[57,136784,45195],{"class":173},[57,136786,170],{"class":169},[57,136788,316],{"class":71},[57,136790,136791],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136792,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136794,136795,136797,136799,136801,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811,136813],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136796,7228],{"class":1962},[57,136798,36082],{"class":63},[57,136800,620],{"class":71},[57,136802,1109],{"class":113},[57,136804,1475],{"class":71},[57,136806,6638],{"class":67},[57,136808,181],{"class":169},[57,136810,13340],{"class":173},[57,136812,170],{"class":169},[57,136814,6623],{"class":71},[57,136816,136817,136819,136821,136823,136826,136828],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136818,8296],{"class":101},[57,136820,105],{"class":71},[57,136822,170],{"class":169},[57,136824,136825],{"class":173},"Nice choice!",[57,136827,170],{"class":169},[57,136829,316],{"class":71},[57,136831,136832,136834],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,136833,27664],{"class":1962},[57,136835,6623],{"class":71},[57,136837,136838,136840,136842,136844,136847,136849],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,136839,8296],{"class":101},[57,136841,105],{"class":71},[57,136843,170],{"class":169},[57,136845,136846],{"class":173},"Got it.",[57,136848,170],{"class":169},[57,136850,316],{"class":71},[20,136852,136853],{},"Example: simple search",[48,136855,136857],{"className":50,"code":136856,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136858,136859,136872,136876,136897],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136860,136861,136863,136865,136867,136870],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136862,90002],{"class":63},[57,136864,68],{"class":67},[57,136866,181],{"class":169},[57,136868,136869],{"class":173},"Python Is Fun",[57,136871,3602],{"class":169},[57,136873,136874],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136875,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136877,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886,136888,136891,136893,136895],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136879,7228],{"class":1962},[57,136881,181],{"class":169},[57,136883,52],{"class":173},[57,136885,170],{"class":169},[57,136887,21404],{"class":67},[57,136889,136890],{"class":63}," message",[57,136892,620],{"class":71},[57,136894,1109],{"class":113},[57,136896,21825],{"class":71},[57,136898,136899,136901,136903,136905,136908,136910],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136900,8296],{"class":101},[57,136902,105],{"class":71},[57,136904,170],{"class":169},[57,136906,136907],{"class":173},"Found it",[57,136909,170],{"class":169},[57,136911,316],{"class":71},[20,136913,136914,136915,136917,136918,270],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136916,124080],{}," is often used with ",[614,136919,136921],{"href":136920},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136922,41880],{},[48,136924,136926],{"className":50,"code":136925,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136927,136928,136941,136960,136964],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,136929,136930,136932,136934,136936,136939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,136931,8103],{"class":63},[57,136933,68],{"class":67},[57,136935,181],{"class":169},[57,136937,136938],{"class":173},"  ALICE  ",[57,136940,3602],{"class":169},[57,136942,136943,136946,136948,136950,136952,136954,136956,136958],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,136944,136945],{"class":63},"clean_name ",[57,136947,68],{"class":67},[57,136949,36223],{"class":63},[57,136951,620],{"class":71},[57,136953,8862],{"class":113},[57,136955,8865],{"class":71},[57,136957,1109],{"class":113},[57,136959,8870],{"class":71},[57,136961,136962],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,136963,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,136965,136966,136968,136970,136973,136975],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,136967,102],{"class":101},[57,136969,105],{"class":71},[57,136971,136972],{"class":113},"clean_name",[57,136974,1959],{"class":71},[57,136976,136977],{"class":3903},"  # alice\n",[43,136979,15827],{"id":15826},[20,136981,136982,136983,136986],{},"Strings are ",[1399,136984,136985],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136988,136989,136990,136992],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136991,124080],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136994,136995,136996,136998],{},"So this does ",[1399,136997,1401],{}," update the original variable:",[48,137000,137002],{"className":50,"code":137001,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137003,137004,137016,137026,137030],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137005,137006,137008,137010,137012,137014],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137007,34918],{"class":63},[57,137009,68],{"class":67},[57,137011,181],{"class":169},[57,137013,136374],{"class":173},[57,137015,3602],{"class":169},[57,137017,137018,137020,137022,137024],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137019,1222],{"class":63},[57,137021,620],{"class":71},[57,137023,1109],{"class":113},[57,137025,8870],{"class":71},[57,137027,137028],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137029,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,137031,137032,137034,137036,137038,137040],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,137033,102],{"class":101},[57,137035,105],{"class":71},[57,137037,1222],{"class":113},[57,137039,1959],{"class":71},[57,137041,137042],{"class":3903},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137044,137045],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[48,137047,137049],{"className":50,"code":137048,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137050,137051,137063,137077,137081],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137052,137053,137055,137057,137059,137061],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137054,34918],{"class":63},[57,137056,68],{"class":67},[57,137058,181],{"class":169},[57,137060,136374],{"class":173},[57,137062,3602],{"class":169},[57,137064,137065,137067,137069,137071,137073,137075],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137066,34918],{"class":63},[57,137068,68],{"class":67},[57,137070,1212],{"class":63},[57,137072,620],{"class":71},[57,137074,1109],{"class":113},[57,137076,8870],{"class":71},[57,137078,137079],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137080,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,137082,137083,137085,137087,137089,137091],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,137084,102],{"class":101},[57,137086,105],{"class":71},[57,137088,1222],{"class":113},[57,137090,1959],{"class":71},[57,137092,136386],{"class":3903},[43,137094,1829],{"id":1828},[943,137096,25918],{"id":25917},[20,137098,137099,137100,11320,137102,620],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137101,1109],{},[15,137103,124080],{},[20,137105,16873],{},[48,137107,137109],{"className":50,"code":137108,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137110,137111,137123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137112,137113,137115,137117,137119,137121],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137114,34918],{"class":63},[57,137116,68],{"class":67},[57,137118,181],{"class":169},[57,137120,136374],{"class":173},[57,137122,3602],{"class":169},[57,137124,137125,137127,137129,137131,137133,137135],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137126,102],{"class":101},[57,137128,105],{"class":71},[57,137130,1222],{"class":113},[57,137132,620],{"class":71},[57,137134,1109],{"class":1108},[57,137136,316],{"class":71},[20,137138,137139],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137141,16885],{},[48,137143,137145],{"className":50,"code":137144,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137146,137147,137159],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137148,137149,137151,137153,137155,137157],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137150,34918],{"class":63},[57,137152,68],{"class":67},[57,137154,181],{"class":169},[57,137156,136374],{"class":173},[57,137158,3602],{"class":169},[57,137160,137161,137163,137165,137167,137169,137171],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137162,102],{"class":101},[57,137164,105],{"class":71},[57,137166,1222],{"class":113},[57,137168,620],{"class":71},[57,137170,1109],{"class":113},[57,137172,1671],{"class":71},[943,137174,137176],{"id":137175},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137178,137179],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137181,16873],{},[48,137183,137185],{"className":50,"code":137184,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137186,137187,137199,137209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137190,34918],{"class":63},[57,137192,68],{"class":67},[57,137194,181],{"class":169},[57,137196,136374],{"class":173},[57,137198,3602],{"class":169},[57,137200,137201,137203,137205,137207],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137202,1222],{"class":63},[57,137204,620],{"class":71},[57,137206,1109],{"class":113},[57,137208,8870],{"class":71},[57,137210,137211,137213,137215,137217,137219],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137212,102],{"class":101},[57,137214,105],{"class":71},[57,137216,1222],{"class":113},[57,137218,1959],{"class":71},[57,137220,137221],{"class":3903},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137223,16885],{},[48,137225,137227],{"className":50,"code":137226,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137228,137229,137241,137255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137230,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137232,34918],{"class":63},[57,137234,68],{"class":67},[57,137236,181],{"class":169},[57,137238,136374],{"class":173},[57,137240,3602],{"class":169},[57,137242,137243,137245,137247,137249,137251,137253],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137244,34918],{"class":63},[57,137246,68],{"class":67},[57,137248,1212],{"class":63},[57,137250,620],{"class":71},[57,137252,1109],{"class":113},[57,137254,8870],{"class":71},[57,137256,137257,137259,137261,137263,137265],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137258,102],{"class":101},[57,137260,105],{"class":71},[57,137262,1222],{"class":113},[57,137264,1959],{"class":71},[57,137266,136386],{"class":3903},[943,137268,443,137270,137272],{"id":137269},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137271,124080],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137274,137275,137277],{},[15,137276,124080],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137279,16873],{},[48,137281,137283],{"className":50,"code":137282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137284,137285,137293],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137286,137287,137289,137291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137288,2469],{"class":63},[57,137290,68],{"class":67},[57,137292,125032],{"class":75},[57,137294,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303,137305],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137296,102],{"class":101},[57,137298,105],{"class":71},[57,137300,2490],{"class":113},[57,137302,620],{"class":71},[57,137304,1109],{"class":113},[57,137306,1671],{"class":71},[20,137308,137309,137310,33831],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137311,124080],{},[20,137313,137314],{},"You can check the type first:",[48,137316,137318],{"className":50,"code":137317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137319,137320,137332,137336,137350],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137321,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137323,34918],{"class":63},[57,137325,68],{"class":67},[57,137327,181],{"class":169},[57,137329,136374],{"class":173},[57,137331,3602],{"class":169},[57,137333,137334],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137335,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,137337,137338,137340,137342,137344,137346,137348],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137339,102],{"class":101},[57,137341,105],{"class":71},[57,137343,1886],{"class":1102},[57,137345,105],{"class":71},[57,137347,1222],{"class":113},[57,137349,117],{"class":71},[57,137351,137352,137354,137356,137358,137360,137362],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,137353,102],{"class":101},[57,137355,105],{"class":71},[57,137357,1222],{"class":113},[57,137359,620],{"class":71},[57,137361,1109],{"class":113},[57,137363,1671],{"class":71},[943,137365,137367],{"id":137366},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137369,137370],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[48,137372,137374],{"className":50,"code":137373,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137375,137376,137389,137393,137410,137425,137431],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137377,137378,137380,137382,137384,137387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137379,136593],{"class":63},[57,137381,68],{"class":67},[57,137383,181],{"class":169},[57,137385,137386],{"class":173},"Yes",[57,137388,3602],{"class":169},[57,137390,137391],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137392,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,137394,137395,137397,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137396,7228],{"class":1962},[57,137398,137399],{"class":63}," answer ",[57,137401,4920],{"class":67},[57,137403,181],{"class":169},[57,137405,8885],{"class":173},[57,137407,170],{"class":169},[57,137409,6623],{"class":71},[57,137411,137412,137414,137416,137418,137421,137423],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,137413,8296],{"class":101},[57,137415,105],{"class":71},[57,137417,170],{"class":169},[57,137419,137420],{"class":173},"Match",[57,137422,170],{"class":169},[57,137424,316],{"class":71},[57,137426,137427,137429],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,137428,27664],{"class":1962},[57,137430,6623],{"class":71},[57,137432,137433,137435,137437,137439,137442,137444],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,137434,8296],{"class":101},[57,137436,105],{"class":71},[57,137438,170],{"class":169},[57,137440,137441],{"class":173},"No match",[57,137443,170],{"class":169},[57,137445,316],{"class":71},[20,137447,29292,137448,1242,137451,137454,137455,620],{},[15,137449,137450],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137452,137453],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137456,137441],{},[20,137458,137459],{},"Better:",[48,137461,137463],{"className":50,"code":137462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137464,137465,137477,137481,137503],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137466,137467,137469,137471,137473,137475],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137468,136593],{"class":63},[57,137470,68],{"class":67},[57,137472,181],{"class":169},[57,137474,137386],{"class":173},[57,137476,3602],{"class":169},[57,137478,137479],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137480,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,137482,137483,137485,137487,137489,137491,137493,137495,137497,137499,137501],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137484,7228],{"class":1962},[57,137486,136613],{"class":63},[57,137488,620],{"class":71},[57,137490,1109],{"class":113},[57,137492,1475],{"class":71},[57,137494,6638],{"class":67},[57,137496,181],{"class":169},[57,137498,8885],{"class":173},[57,137500,170],{"class":169},[57,137502,6623],{"class":71},[57,137504,137505,137507,137509,137511,137513,137515],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,137506,8296],{"class":101},[57,137508,105],{"class":71},[57,137510,170],{"class":169},[57,137512,137420],{"class":173},[57,137514,170],{"class":169},[57,137516,316],{"class":71},[943,137518,44438,137520,137523],{"id":137519},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137521,137522],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137525,137526,137527,137529],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137528,124080],{}," is enough.",[20,137531,137532,137533,137535,137536,620],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137534,137522],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137537,124080],{},[20,137539,137540,137541,122592],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137542,124080],{},[43,137544,137546,1682,137548],{"id":137545},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137547,124080],{},[15,137549,128228],{},[20,137551,137552,1242,137554,137556],{},[15,137553,124080],{},[15,137555,128228],{}," are very similar.",[30,137558,137559,137564,137569,137572],{},[33,137560,137561,137563],{},[15,137562,124080],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[33,137565,137566,137568],{},[15,137567,128228],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[33,137570,137571],{},"Both return new strings",[33,137573,137574],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137576,864],{},[48,137578,137580],{"className":50,"code":137579,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137581,137582,137594,137598,137614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137583,137584,137586,137588,137590,137592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137585,34918],{"class":63},[57,137587,68],{"class":67},[57,137589,181],{"class":169},[57,137591,129069],{"class":173},[57,137593,3602],{"class":169},[57,137595,137596],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137597,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,137599,137600,137602,137604,137606,137608,137610,137612],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137601,102],{"class":101},[57,137603,105],{"class":71},[57,137605,1222],{"class":113},[57,137607,620],{"class":71},[57,137609,1109],{"class":113},[57,137611,136383],{"class":71},[57,137613,136281],{"class":3903},[57,137615,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,137617,102],{"class":101},[57,137619,105],{"class":71},[57,137621,1222],{"class":113},[57,137623,620],{"class":71},[57,137625,34708],{"class":113},[57,137627,136383],{"class":71},[57,137629,137630],{"class":3903},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137632,137633,137634,620],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[614,137635,126350,137637,10968],{"href":137636},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137638,128228],{},[43,137640,2011],{"id":2010},[943,137642,12933,137644,124677],{"id":137643},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137645,124080],{},[20,137647,137648],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[943,137650,12933,137652,137654],{"id":137651},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137653,124080],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137656,137657,137658,620],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137659,137660],{},"string.lower()",[943,137662,2015,137664,12945],{"id":137663},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137665,124080],{},[20,137667,137668],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[943,137670,28559,137672,137674],{"id":137671},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137673,124080],{}," on user input?",[20,137676,137677,137678,137680],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137679,3201],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[943,137682,2119,137684,1242,137686,2053],{"id":137683},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137685,124080],{},[15,137687,137522],{},[20,137689,137690,137692,137693,137695],{},[15,137691,124080],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137694,137522],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[43,137697,2135],{"id":2134},[30,137699,137700,137704,137710,137716,137722,137726,137730,137736],{},[33,137701,137702],{},[614,137703,51197],{"href":51196},[33,137705,137706],{},[614,137707,126350,137708,10968],{"href":137636},[15,137709,128228],{},[33,137711,137712],{},[614,137713,126350,137714,10968],{"href":136920},[15,137715,41880],{},[33,137717,137718],{},[614,137719,126350,137720,10968],{"href":129931},[15,137721,124521],{},[33,137723,137724],{},[614,137725,124749],{"href":123605},[33,137727,137728],{},[614,137729,90678],{"href":89687},[33,137731,137732],{},[614,137733,13,137734,2144],{"href":8447},[15,137735,3201],{},[33,137737,137738],{},[614,137739,137740],{"href":136321},"What is a string in Python?",[2172,137742,137743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":137745},[137746,137748,137749,137750,137751,137752,137753,137762,137764,137776],{"id":136291,"depth":98,"text":137747},"What lower() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":136740,"depth":98,"text":136741},{"id":15826,"depth":98,"text":15827},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":137754},[137755,137756,137757,137759,137760],{"id":25917,"depth":120,"text":25918},{"id":137175,"depth":120,"text":137176},{"id":137269,"depth":120,"text":137758},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137366,"depth":120,"text":137367},{"id":137519,"depth":120,"text":137761},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137545,"depth":98,"text":137763},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":137765},[137766,137768,137770,137772,137774],{"id":137643,"depth":120,"text":137767},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137651,"depth":120,"text":137769},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137663,"depth":120,"text":137771},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137671,"depth":120,"text":137773},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137683,"depth":120,"text":137775},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136208,"description":137777},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137784,"title":137785,"body":137786,"description":139336,"extension":2219,"meta":139337,"navigation":123,"path":139338,"seo":139339,"stem":139340,"__hash__":139341},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137787,"toc":139297},[137788,137793,137798,137804,137819,137821,137881,137883,137892,137898,137903,137908,137910,137924,137928,137930,137977,137979,137997,137999,138002,138073,138075,138089,138092,138104,138113,138117,138122,138127,138131,138197,138199,138208,138212,138277,138279,138288,138291,138296,138300,138305,138309,138370,138372,138381,138385,138388,138444,138446,138455,138458,138471,138473,138477,138484,138546,138548,138561,138567,138570,138577,138582,138587,138590,138598,138600,138661,138663,138672,138675,138722,138725,138772,138774,138779,138796,138803,138808,138861,138863,138871,138873,138930,138932,138940,138944,138991,138993,139001,139009,139013,139061,139063,139072,139077,139128,139130,139139,139146,139149,139170,139172,139177,139180,139184,139187,139191,139194,139221,139227,139230,139257,139262,139264,139266,139294],[10,137789,123350,137791,11549],{"id":137790},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137792,124521],{},[20,137794,123355,137795,137797],{},[15,137796,124521],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137799,137800,137801,137803],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137802,124521],{},". You will learn:",[30,137805,137806,137810,137813,137816],{},[33,137807,26250,137808,265],{},[15,137809,124521],{},[33,137811,137812],{},"how its syntax works",[33,137814,137815],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[33,137817,137818],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[43,137820,46],{"id":45},[48,137822,137824],{"className":50,"code":137823,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137825,137826,137839,137871],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137827,137828,137830,137832,137834,137837],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137829,34918],{"class":63},[57,137831,68],{"class":67},[57,137833,181],{"class":169},[57,137835,137836],{"class":173},"I like cats",[57,137838,3602],{"class":169},[57,137840,137841,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137858,137860,137862,137864,137867,137869],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137842,130189],{"class":63},[57,137844,68],{"class":67},[57,137846,1212],{"class":63},[57,137848,620],{"class":71},[57,137850,35229],{"class":113},[57,137852,105],{"class":71},[57,137854,170],{"class":169},[57,137856,137857],{"class":173},"cats",[57,137859,170],{"class":169},[57,137861,79],{"class":71},[57,137863,181],{"class":169},[57,137865,137866],{"class":173},"dogs",[57,137868,170],{"class":169},[57,137870,316],{"class":71},[57,137872,137873,137875,137877,137879],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,137874,102],{"class":101},[57,137876,105],{"class":71},[57,137878,130220],{"class":113},[57,137880,316],{"class":71},[20,137882,216],{},[48,137884,137886],{"className":50,"code":137885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like dogs\n",[15,137887,137888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137889,137890],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137891,137885],{"class":63},[20,137893,1806,137894,137897],{},[15,137895,137896],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[43,137899,262,137901,265],{"id":137900},"what-replace-does",[15,137902,124521],{},[20,137904,137905,137907],{},[15,137906,124521],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137909,13282],{},[30,137911,137912,137914,137916,137919],{},[33,137913,133598],{},[33,137915,136316],{},[33,137917,137918],{},"It works on exact matches",[33,137920,137921,137922],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137923,41486],{},[20,137925,125102,137926,620],{},[614,137927,125105],{"href":51196},[43,137929,5662],{"id":5661},[48,137931,137933],{"className":50,"code":137932,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137934,137935,137955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,137936,137937,137939,137941,137943,137945,137948,137950,137953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,137938,61392],{"class":63},[57,137940,620],{"class":71},[57,137942,35229],{"class":113},[57,137944,105],{"class":71},[57,137946,137947],{"class":113},"old",[57,137949,79],{"class":71},[57,137951,137952],{"class":113}," new",[57,137954,316],{"class":71},[57,137956,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969,137971,137973,137975],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,137958,61392],{"class":63},[57,137960,620],{"class":71},[57,137962,35229],{"class":113},[57,137964,105],{"class":71},[57,137966,137947],{"class":113},[57,137968,79],{"class":71},[57,137970,137952],{"class":113},[57,137972,79],{"class":71},[57,137974,49822],{"class":113},[57,137976,316],{"class":71},[943,137978,17625],{"id":17624},[30,137980,137981,137986,137992],{},[33,137982,137983,137985],{},[15,137984,137947],{}," = the text to find",[33,137987,137988,137991],{},[15,137989,137990],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[33,137993,137994,137996],{},[15,137995,41486],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[43,137998,6018],{"id":6017},[20,138000,138001],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[48,138003,138005],{"className":50,"code":138004,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138006,138007,138019,138049,138053,138063],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138008,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138010,34918],{"class":63},[57,138012,68],{"class":67},[57,138014,181],{"class":169},[57,138016,137836],{"class":173},[57,138018,3602],{"class":169},[57,138020,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138022,130189],{"class":63},[57,138024,68],{"class":67},[57,138026,1212],{"class":63},[57,138028,620],{"class":71},[57,138030,35229],{"class":113},[57,138032,105],{"class":71},[57,138034,170],{"class":169},[57,138036,137857],{"class":173},[57,138038,170],{"class":169},[57,138040,79],{"class":71},[57,138042,181],{"class":169},[57,138044,137866],{"class":173},[57,138046,170],{"class":169},[57,138048,316],{"class":71},[57,138050,138051],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138052,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,138054,138055,138057,138059,138061],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,138056,102],{"class":101},[57,138058,105],{"class":71},[57,138060,1222],{"class":113},[57,138062,316],{"class":71},[57,138064,138065,138067,138069,138071],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,138066,102],{"class":101},[57,138068,105],{"class":71},[57,138070,130220],{"class":113},[57,138072,316],{"class":71},[20,138074,216],{},[48,138076,138078],{"className":50,"code":138077,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138079,138080,138085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138081,138082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138083,138084],{"class":63},"I like cats\n",[57,138086,138087],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138088,137885],{"class":63},[20,138090,138091],{},"Notice what happened:",[30,138093,138094,138099],{},[33,138095,138096,138098],{},[15,138097,1222],{}," did not change",[33,138100,138101,138103],{},[15,138102,130220],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138105,138106,138107,138109,138110,138112],{},"This happens because strings are ",[1399,138108,136985],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138111,124521],{}," return a new string instead.",[43,138114,138116],{"id":138115},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138118,89696,138119,138121],{},[15,138120,124521],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138123,138124,138125,36852],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138126,41486],{},[943,138128,138130],{"id":138129},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[48,138132,138134],{"className":50,"code":138133,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138135,138136,138149,138183,138187],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138137,138138,138140,138142,138144,138147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138139,34918],{"class":63},[57,138141,68],{"class":67},[57,138143,181],{"class":169},[57,138145,138146],{"class":173},"cat cat cat",[57,138148,3602],{"class":169},[57,138150,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177,138179,138181],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138152,1336],{"class":63},[57,138154,68],{"class":67},[57,138156,1212],{"class":63},[57,138158,620],{"class":71},[57,138160,35229],{"class":113},[57,138162,105],{"class":71},[57,138164,170],{"class":169},[57,138166,964],{"class":173},[57,138168,170],{"class":169},[57,138170,79],{"class":71},[57,138172,181],{"class":169},[57,138174,982],{"class":173},[57,138176,170],{"class":169},[57,138178,79],{"class":71},[57,138180,5729],{"class":75},[57,138182,316],{"class":71},[57,138184,138185],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138186,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,138188,138189,138191,138193,138195],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,138190,102],{"class":101},[57,138192,105],{"class":71},[57,138194,1368],{"class":113},[57,138196,316],{"class":71},[20,138198,216],{},[48,138200,138202],{"className":50,"code":138201,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138203,138204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138205,138206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138207,138201],{"class":63},[943,138209,138211],{"id":138210},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[48,138213,138215],{"className":50,"code":138214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138216,138217,138229,138263,138267],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138218,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138220,34918],{"class":63},[57,138222,68],{"class":67},[57,138224,181],{"class":169},[57,138226,138146],{"class":173},[57,138228,3602],{"class":169},[57,138230,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245,138247,138249,138251,138253,138255,138257,138259,138261],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138232,1336],{"class":63},[57,138234,68],{"class":67},[57,138236,1212],{"class":63},[57,138238,620],{"class":71},[57,138240,35229],{"class":113},[57,138242,105],{"class":71},[57,138244,170],{"class":169},[57,138246,964],{"class":173},[57,138248,170],{"class":169},[57,138250,79],{"class":71},[57,138252,181],{"class":169},[57,138254,982],{"class":173},[57,138256,170],{"class":169},[57,138258,79],{"class":71},[57,138260,87],{"class":75},[57,138262,316],{"class":71},[57,138264,138265],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138266,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,138268,138269,138271,138273,138275],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,138270,102],{"class":101},[57,138272,105],{"class":71},[57,138274,1368],{"class":113},[57,138276,316],{"class":71},[20,138278,216],{},[48,138280,138282],{"className":50,"code":138281,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138283,138284],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138285,138286],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138287,138281],{"class":63},[20,138289,138290],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138292,138293,138294,620],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[614,138295,128074],{"href":124518},[43,138297,138299],{"id":138298},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138301,138302,138304],{},[15,138303,124521],{}," can also change single characters.",[943,138306,138308],{"id":138307},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[48,138310,138312],{"className":50,"code":138311,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138313,138314,138326,138356,138360],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138315,138316,138318,138320,138322,138324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138317,34918],{"class":63},[57,138319,68],{"class":67},[57,138321,181],{"class":169},[57,138323,184],{"class":173},[57,138325,3602],{"class":169},[57,138327,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138329,1336],{"class":63},[57,138331,68],{"class":67},[57,138333,1212],{"class":63},[57,138335,620],{"class":71},[57,138337,35229],{"class":113},[57,138339,105],{"class":71},[57,138341,170],{"class":169},[57,138343,614],{"class":173},[57,138345,170],{"class":169},[57,138347,79],{"class":71},[57,138349,181],{"class":169},[57,138351,60691],{"class":173},[57,138353,170],{"class":169},[57,138355,316],{"class":71},[57,138357,138358],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138359,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,138361,138362,138364,138366,138368],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,138363,102],{"class":101},[57,138365,105],{"class":71},[57,138367,1368],{"class":113},[57,138369,316],{"class":71},[20,138371,216],{},[48,138373,138375],{"className":50,"code":138374,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"bonono\n",[15,138376,138377],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138378,138379],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138380,138374],{"class":63},[943,138382,138384],{"id":138383},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138386,138387],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[48,138389,138391],{"className":50,"code":138390,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138392,138393,138406,138430,138434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138394,138395,138397,138399,138401,138404],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138396,34918],{"class":63},[57,138398,68],{"class":67},[57,138400,181],{"class":169},[57,138402,138403],{"class":173},"a b c",[57,138405,3602],{"class":169},[57,138407,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138409,1336],{"class":63},[57,138411,68],{"class":67},[57,138413,1212],{"class":63},[57,138415,620],{"class":71},[57,138417,35229],{"class":113},[57,138419,105],{"class":71},[57,138421,170],{"class":169},[57,138423,181],{"class":169},[57,138425,79],{"class":71},[57,138427,6356],{"class":169},[57,138429,316],{"class":71},[57,138431,138432],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138433,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,138435,138436,138438,138440,138442],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,138437,102],{"class":101},[57,138439,105],{"class":71},[57,138441,1368],{"class":113},[57,138443,316],{"class":71},[20,138445,216],{},[48,138447,138449],{"className":50,"code":138448,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"abc\n",[15,138450,138451],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138452,138453],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138454,138448],{"class":63},[20,138456,138457],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138459,138460,138461,138465,138466,138470],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[614,138462,126350,138463,10968],{"href":129037},[15,138464,60749],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[614,138467,126350,138468,10968],{"href":136920},[15,138469,41880],{}," is often a better choice.",[43,138472,123997],{"id":123996},[20,138474,138475,123808],{},[15,138476,124521],{},[20,138478,127395,138479,1242,138481,127402],{},[15,138480,113034],{},[15,138482,138483],{},"\"Cat\"",[48,138485,138487],{"className":50,"code":138486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138488,138489,138502,138532,138536],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138490,138491,138493,138495,138497,138500],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138492,34918],{"class":63},[57,138494,68],{"class":67},[57,138496,181],{"class":169},[57,138498,138499],{"class":173},"Cat cat CAT",[57,138501,3602],{"class":169},[57,138503,138504,138506,138508,138510,138512,138514,138516,138518,138520,138522,138524,138526,138528,138530],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138505,1336],{"class":63},[57,138507,68],{"class":67},[57,138509,1212],{"class":63},[57,138511,620],{"class":71},[57,138513,35229],{"class":113},[57,138515,105],{"class":71},[57,138517,170],{"class":169},[57,138519,964],{"class":173},[57,138521,170],{"class":169},[57,138523,79],{"class":71},[57,138525,181],{"class":169},[57,138527,982],{"class":173},[57,138529,170],{"class":169},[57,138531,316],{"class":71},[57,138533,138534],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138535,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,138537,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,138539,102],{"class":101},[57,138541,105],{"class":71},[57,138543,1368],{"class":113},[57,138545,316],{"class":71},[20,138547,216],{},[48,138549,138551],{"className":50,"code":138550,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138552,138553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138554,138555,138558],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138556,138557],{"class":63},"Cat dog ",[57,138559,138560],{"class":34683},"CAT\n",[20,138562,138563,138564,138566],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138565,113034],{}," was replaced.",[20,138568,138569],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138571,138572,138573,620],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[614,138574,126350,138575,10968],{"href":124077},[15,138576,124080],{},[43,138578,262,138580,11934],{"id":138579},"what-replace-returns",[15,138581,124521],{},[20,138583,138584,138586],{},[15,138585,124521],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138588,138589],{},"If no match is found:",[30,138591,138592,138595],{},[33,138593,138594],{},"no error happens",[33,138596,138597],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138599,864],{},[48,138601,138603],{"className":50,"code":138602,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138604,138605,138617,138647,138651],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138606,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138608,34918],{"class":63},[57,138610,68],{"class":67},[57,138612,181],{"class":169},[57,138614,4084],{"class":173},[57,138616,3602],{"class":169},[57,138618,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138620,1336],{"class":63},[57,138622,68],{"class":67},[57,138624,1212],{"class":63},[57,138626,620],{"class":71},[57,138628,35229],{"class":113},[57,138630,105],{"class":71},[57,138632,170],{"class":169},[57,138634,1956],{"class":173},[57,138636,170],{"class":169},[57,138638,79],{"class":71},[57,138640,181],{"class":169},[57,138642,11974],{"class":173},[57,138644,170],{"class":169},[57,138646,316],{"class":71},[57,138648,138649],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138650,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,138652,138653,138655,138657,138659],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,138654,102],{"class":101},[57,138656,105],{"class":71},[57,138658,1368],{"class":113},[57,138660,316],{"class":71},[20,138662,216],{},[48,138664,138666],{"className":50,"code":138665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello\n",[15,138667,138668],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138669,138670],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138671,138665],{"class":63},[20,138673,138674],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[48,138676,138678],{"className":50,"code":138677,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138679,138680,138692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138681,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138683,34918],{"class":63},[57,138685,68],{"class":67},[57,138687,181],{"class":169},[57,138689,60624],{"class":173},[57,138691,3602],{"class":169},[57,138693,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718,138720],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138695,130189],{"class":63},[57,138697,68],{"class":67},[57,138699,1212],{"class":63},[57,138701,620],{"class":71},[57,138703,35229],{"class":113},[57,138705,105],{"class":71},[57,138707,170],{"class":169},[57,138709,60809],{"class":173},[57,138711,170],{"class":169},[57,138713,79],{"class":71},[57,138715,181],{"class":169},[57,138717,7527],{"class":173},[57,138719,170],{"class":169},[57,138721,316],{"class":71},[20,138723,138724],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[48,138726,138728],{"className":50,"code":138727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138729,138730,138742],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138731,138732,138734,138736,138738,138740],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138733,34918],{"class":63},[57,138735,68],{"class":67},[57,138737,181],{"class":169},[57,138739,60624],{"class":173},[57,138741,3602],{"class":169},[57,138743,138744,138746,138748,138750,138752,138754,138756,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138745,34918],{"class":63},[57,138747,68],{"class":67},[57,138749,1212],{"class":63},[57,138751,620],{"class":71},[57,138753,35229],{"class":113},[57,138755,105],{"class":71},[57,138757,170],{"class":169},[57,138759,60809],{"class":173},[57,138761,170],{"class":169},[57,138763,79],{"class":71},[57,138765,181],{"class":169},[57,138767,7527],{"class":173},[57,138769,170],{"class":169},[57,138771,316],{"class":71},[43,138773,4751],{"id":4750},[20,138775,138776,138777,270],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138778,124521],{},[30,138780,138781,138784,138788,138791],{},[33,138782,138783],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[33,138785,1848,138786,131570],{},[15,138787,124521],{},[33,138789,138790],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[33,138792,37434,138793,138795],{},[15,138794,124521],{}," with regex-based replacements",[943,138797,138799,138800,138802],{"id":138798},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138801,124521],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138804,138805,138806,270],{},"This does not update ",[15,138807,1222],{},[48,138809,138811],{"className":50,"code":138810,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138812,138813,138825,138851],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138814,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138816,34918],{"class":63},[57,138818,68],{"class":67},[57,138820,181],{"class":169},[57,138822,137836],{"class":173},[57,138824,3602],{"class":169},[57,138826,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847,138849],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138828,1222],{"class":63},[57,138830,620],{"class":71},[57,138832,35229],{"class":113},[57,138834,105],{"class":71},[57,138836,170],{"class":169},[57,138838,137857],{"class":173},[57,138840,170],{"class":169},[57,138842,79],{"class":71},[57,138844,181],{"class":169},[57,138846,137866],{"class":173},[57,138848,170],{"class":169},[57,138850,316],{"class":71},[57,138852,138853,138855,138857,138859],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138854,102],{"class":101},[57,138856,105],{"class":71},[57,138858,1222],{"class":113},[57,138860,316],{"class":71},[20,138862,216],{},[48,138864,138865],{"className":50,"code":138084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,138866,138867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138868,138869],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138870,138084],{"class":63},[20,138872,11035],{},[48,138874,138876],{"className":50,"code":138875,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138877,138878,138890,138920],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138879,138880,138882,138884,138886,138888],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138881,34918],{"class":63},[57,138883,68],{"class":67},[57,138885,181],{"class":169},[57,138887,137836],{"class":173},[57,138889,3602],{"class":169},[57,138891,138892,138894,138896,138898,138900,138902,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138893,34918],{"class":63},[57,138895,68],{"class":67},[57,138897,1212],{"class":63},[57,138899,620],{"class":71},[57,138901,35229],{"class":113},[57,138903,105],{"class":71},[57,138905,170],{"class":169},[57,138907,137857],{"class":173},[57,138909,170],{"class":169},[57,138911,79],{"class":71},[57,138913,181],{"class":169},[57,138915,137866],{"class":173},[57,138917,170],{"class":169},[57,138919,316],{"class":71},[57,138921,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,138923,102],{"class":101},[57,138925,105],{"class":71},[57,138927,1222],{"class":113},[57,138929,316],{"class":71},[20,138931,216],{},[48,138933,138934],{"className":50,"code":137885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,138935,138936],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138937,138938],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138939,137885],{"class":63},[943,138941,138943],{"id":138942},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[48,138945,138947],{"className":50,"code":138946,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138948,138949,138961],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138950,138951,138953,138955,138957,138959],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,138952,34918],{"class":63},[57,138954,68],{"class":67},[57,138956,181],{"class":169},[57,138958,35097],{"class":173},[57,138960,3602],{"class":169},[57,138962,138963,138965,138967,138969,138971,138973,138975,138977,138979,138981,138983,138985,138987,138989],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,138964,102],{"class":101},[57,138966,105],{"class":71},[57,138968,1222],{"class":113},[57,138970,620],{"class":71},[57,138972,35229],{"class":113},[57,138974,105],{"class":71},[57,138976,170],{"class":169},[57,138978,4084],{"class":173},[57,138980,170],{"class":169},[57,138982,79],{"class":71},[57,138984,181],{"class":169},[57,138986,89931],{"class":173},[57,138988,170],{"class":169},[57,138990,117],{"class":71},[20,138992,216],{},[48,138994,138995],{"className":50,"code":88944,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,138996,138997],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,138998,138999],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139000,88944],{"class":63},[20,139002,139003,139004,1242,139006,139008],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139005,64753],{},[15,139007,90413],{}," are not the same.",[943,139010,139012],{"id":139011},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[48,139014,139016],{"className":50,"code":139015,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139017,139018,139031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139019,139020,139022,139024,139026,139029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139021,34918],{"class":63},[57,139023,68],{"class":67},[57,139025,181],{"class":169},[57,139027,139028],{"class":173},"red red red",[57,139030,3602],{"class":169},[57,139032,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055,139057,139059],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139034,102],{"class":101},[57,139036,105],{"class":71},[57,139038,1222],{"class":113},[57,139040,620],{"class":71},[57,139042,35229],{"class":113},[57,139044,105],{"class":71},[57,139046,170],{"class":169},[57,139048,13323],{"class":173},[57,139050,170],{"class":169},[57,139052,79],{"class":71},[57,139054,181],{"class":169},[57,139056,13340],{"class":173},[57,139058,170],{"class":169},[57,139060,117],{"class":71},[20,139062,216],{},[48,139064,139066],{"className":50,"code":139065,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139067,139068],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139069,139070],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139071,139065],{"class":63},[20,139073,139074,139075,270],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139076,41486],{},[48,139078,139080],{"className":50,"code":139079,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139081,139082,139094],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139083,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139085,34918],{"class":63},[57,139087,68],{"class":67},[57,139089,181],{"class":169},[57,139091,139028],{"class":173},[57,139093,3602],{"class":169},[57,139095,139096,139098,139100,139102,139104,139106,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139097,102],{"class":101},[57,139099,105],{"class":71},[57,139101,1222],{"class":113},[57,139103,620],{"class":71},[57,139105,35229],{"class":113},[57,139107,105],{"class":71},[57,139109,170],{"class":169},[57,139111,13323],{"class":173},[57,139113,170],{"class":169},[57,139115,79],{"class":71},[57,139117,181],{"class":169},[57,139119,13340],{"class":173},[57,139121,170],{"class":169},[57,139123,79],{"class":71},[57,139125,5729],{"class":75},[57,139127,117],{"class":71},[20,139129,216],{},[48,139131,139133],{"className":50,"code":139132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"blue red red\n",[15,139134,139135],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139136,139137],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139138,139132],{"class":63},[943,139140,139142,139143,139145],{"id":139141},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139144,124521],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139147,139148],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[30,139150,139151,139158,139165],{},[33,139152,1806,139153,139157],{},[614,139154,139155],{"href":129037},[15,139156,60749],{}," to break a string into a list",[33,139159,1806,139160,139164],{},[614,139161,139162],{"href":136920},[15,139163,41880],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[33,139166,1806,139167,139169],{},[15,139168,124521],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[43,139171,2011],{"id":2010},[943,139173,12933,139175,124677],{"id":139174},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139176,124521],{},[20,139178,139179],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[943,139181,139183],{"id":139182},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139185,139186],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[943,139188,139190],{"id":139189},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139192,139193],{},"Use the third argument:",[48,139195,139197],{"className":50,"code":139196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139198,139199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139200,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209,139211,139213,139215,139217,139219],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139202,1222],{"class":63},[57,139204,620],{"class":71},[57,139206,35229],{"class":113},[57,139208,105],{"class":71},[57,139210,137947],{"class":113},[57,139212,79],{"class":71},[57,139214,137952],{"class":113},[57,139216,79],{"class":71},[57,139218,5729],{"class":75},[57,139220,316],{"class":71},[943,139222,2025,139224,139226],{"id":139223},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139225,124521],{}," remove text?",[20,139228,139229],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[48,139231,139233],{"className":50,"code":139232,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139234,139235],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139236,139237,139239,139241,139243,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253,139255],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139238,1222],{"class":63},[57,139240,620],{"class":71},[57,139242,35229],{"class":113},[57,139244,105],{"class":71},[57,139246,170],{"class":169},[57,139248,1956],{"class":173},[57,139250,170],{"class":169},[57,139252,79],{"class":71},[57,139254,6356],{"class":169},[57,139256,316],{"class":71},[943,139258,15133,139260,124686],{"id":139259},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139261,124521],{},[20,139263,129879],{},[43,139265,2135],{"id":2134},[30,139267,139268,139272,139278,139284,139290],{},[33,139269,139270],{},[614,139271,124756],{"href":124518},[33,139273,139274],{},[614,139275,126350,139276,10968],{"href":129037},[15,139277,60749],{},[33,139279,139280],{},[614,139281,126350,139282,10968],{"href":136920},[15,139283,41880],{},[33,139285,139286],{},[614,139287,126350,139288,10968],{"href":124077},[15,139289,124080],{},[33,139291,139292],{},[614,139293,125105],{"href":51196},[2172,139295,139296],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":139298},[139299,139300,139302,139305,139306,139310,139314,139315,139317,139325,139335],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":137900,"depth":98,"text":139301},"What replace() does",{"id":5661,"depth":98,"text":5662,"children":139303},[139304],{"id":17624,"depth":120,"text":17625},{"id":6017,"depth":98,"text":6018},{"id":138115,"depth":98,"text":138116,"children":139307},[139308,139309],{"id":138129,"depth":120,"text":138130},{"id":138210,"depth":120,"text":138211},{"id":138298,"depth":98,"text":138299,"children":139311},[139312,139313],{"id":138307,"depth":120,"text":138308},{"id":138383,"depth":120,"text":138384},{"id":123996,"depth":98,"text":123997},{"id":138579,"depth":98,"text":139316},"What replace() returns",{"id":4750,"depth":98,"text":4751,"children":139318},[139319,139321,139322,139323],{"id":138798,"depth":120,"text":139320},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138942,"depth":120,"text":138943},{"id":139011,"depth":120,"text":139012},{"id":139141,"depth":120,"text":139324},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":139326},[139327,139329,139330,139331,139333],{"id":139174,"depth":120,"text":139328},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139182,"depth":120,"text":139183},{"id":139189,"depth":120,"text":139190},{"id":139223,"depth":120,"text":139332},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139259,"depth":120,"text":139334},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137785,"description":139336},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139343,"title":139344,"body":139345,"description":141364,"extension":2219,"meta":141365,"navigation":123,"path":141366,"seo":141367,"stem":141368,"__hash__":141369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139346,"toc":141328},[139347,139352,139357,139360,139371,139373,139428,139433,139438,139445,139447,139462,139464,139520,139522,139560,139565,139567,139591,139594,139607,139612,139614,139646,139648,139681,139687,139692,139695,139705,139708,139710,139766,139768,139818,139821,139829,139832,139888,139890,139963,139976,139984,139988,139999,140002,140005,140058,140060,140092,140095,140149,140151,140186,140189,140194,140199,140204,140207,140209,140267,140269,140303,140305,140320,140323,140325,140367,140369,140395,140400,140408,140411,140413,140495,140497,140548,140551,140562,140570,140572,140645,140647,140665,140669,140672,140676,140703,140705,140713,140717,140752,140754,140767,140771,140774,140813,140815,140832,140837,140842,140853,140856,140867,140869,140871,140897,140900,140949,140951,140968,140971,140973,141025,141027,141059,141062,141120,141125,141127,141132,141235,141237,141251,141253,141260,141265,141270,141275,141280,141285,141288,141292,141297,141299,141325],[10,139348,123350,139350,11549],{"id":139349},"python-string-split-method",[15,139351,60749],{},[20,139353,123355,139354,139356],{},[15,139355,60749],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139358,139359],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[30,139361,139362,139365,139368],{},[33,139363,139364],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[33,139366,139367],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[33,139369,139370],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[43,139372,46],{"id":45},[48,139374,139376],{"className":50,"code":139375,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139377,139378,139391,139413,139423],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139379,139380,139382,139384,139386,139389],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139381,34918],{"class":63},[57,139383,68],{"class":67},[57,139385,181],{"class":169},[57,139387,139388],{"class":173},"apple,banana,cherry",[57,139390,3602],{"class":169},[57,139392,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139405,139407,139409,139411],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139394,43062],{"class":63},[57,139396,68],{"class":67},[57,139398,1212],{"class":63},[57,139400,620],{"class":71},[57,139402,34699],{"class":113},[57,139404,105],{"class":71},[57,139406,170],{"class":169},[57,139408,79],{"class":173},[57,139410,170],{"class":169},[57,139412,316],{"class":71},[57,139414,139415,139417,139419,139421],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,139416,102],{"class":101},[57,139418,105],{"class":71},[57,139420,43093],{"class":113},[57,139422,316],{"class":71},[57,139424,139425],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,139426,139427],{"class":3903},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139429,1806,139430,139432],{},[15,139431,60749],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[43,139434,262,139436,265],{"id":139435},"what-split-does",[15,139437,60749],{},[20,139439,139440,132398,139442,620],{},[15,139441,60749],{},[1399,139443,139444],{},"string method",[20,139446,49148],{},[30,139448,139449,139452,139457],{},[33,139450,139451],{},"divides a string into parts",[33,139453,119652,139454],{},[1399,139455,139456],{},"new list of strings",[33,139458,119658,139459,139461],{},[1399,139460,1401],{}," change the original string",[20,139463,864],{},[48,139465,139467],{"className":50,"code":139466,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139468,139469,139482,139496,139500,139510],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139470,139471,139473,139475,139477,139480],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139472,34918],{"class":63},[57,139474,68],{"class":67},[57,139476,181],{"class":169},[57,139478,139479],{"class":173},"red blue green",[57,139481,3602],{"class":169},[57,139483,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139485,43062],{"class":63},[57,139487,68],{"class":67},[57,139489,1212],{"class":63},[57,139491,620],{"class":71},[57,139493,34699],{"class":113},[57,139495,8870],{"class":71},[57,139497,139498],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,139499,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,139501,139502,139504,139506,139508],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,139503,102],{"class":101},[57,139505,105],{"class":71},[57,139507,1222],{"class":113},[57,139509,316],{"class":71},[57,139511,139512,139514,139516,139518],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,139513,102],{"class":101},[57,139515,105],{"class":71},[57,139517,43093],{"class":113},[57,139519,316],{"class":71},[20,139521,216],{},[48,139523,139525],{"className":50,"code":139524,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139526,139527,139532],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139528,139529],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139530,139531],{"class":63},"red blue green\n",[57,139533,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139535,1785],{"class":71},[57,139537,3543],{"class":169},[57,139539,13323],{"class":173},[57,139541,3543],{"class":169},[57,139543,79],{"class":71},[57,139545,3538],{"class":169},[57,139547,13340],{"class":173},[57,139549,3543],{"class":169},[57,139551,79],{"class":71},[57,139553,3538],{"class":169},[57,139555,17686],{"class":173},[57,139557,3543],{"class":169},[57,139559,95],{"class":71},[20,139561,139562,139563,620],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[614,139564,125105],{"href":51196},[43,139566,294],{"id":293},[48,139568,139570],{"className":50,"code":139569,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139571,139572],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139573,139574,139576,139578,139580,139582,139584,139586,139589],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139575,61392],{"class":63},[57,139577,620],{"class":71},[57,139579,34699],{"class":113},[57,139581,105],{"class":71},[57,139583,133754],{"class":113},[57,139585,79],{"class":71},[57,139587,139588],{"class":113}," maxsplit",[57,139590,316],{"class":71},[20,139592,139593],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[30,139595,139596,139601],{},[33,139597,139598,139600],{},[15,139599,133754],{}," tells Python where to split",[33,139602,139603,139606],{},[15,139604,139605],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139608,9103,139609,139611],{},[15,139610,133754],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139613,864],{},[48,139615,139617],{"className":50,"code":139616,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139618,139619,139632],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139620,139621,139623,139625,139627,139630],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139622,34918],{"class":63},[57,139624,68],{"class":67},[57,139626,181],{"class":169},[57,139628,139629],{"class":173},"one two three",[57,139631,3602],{"class":169},[57,139633,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139635,102],{"class":101},[57,139637,105],{"class":71},[57,139639,1222],{"class":113},[57,139641,620],{"class":71},[57,139643,34699],{"class":113},[57,139645,1671],{"class":71},[20,139647,216],{},[48,139649,139651],{"className":50,"code":139650,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139652,139653],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139654,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139656,1785],{"class":71},[57,139658,3543],{"class":169},[57,139660,6815],{"class":173},[57,139662,3543],{"class":169},[57,139664,79],{"class":71},[57,139666,3538],{"class":169},[57,139668,79475],{"class":173},[57,139670,3543],{"class":169},[57,139672,79],{"class":71},[57,139674,3538],{"class":169},[57,139676,134236],{"class":173},[57,139678,3543],{"class":169},[57,139680,95],{"class":71},[43,139682,443,139684,139686],{"id":139683},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139685,60749],{}," with no separator",[20,139688,70388,139689,139691],{},[15,139690,60749],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139693,139694],{},"Whitespace includes:",[30,139696,139697,139699,139702],{},[33,139698,10679],{},[33,139700,139701],{},"tabs",[33,139703,139704],{},"new lines",[20,139706,139707],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139709,864],{},[48,139711,139713],{"className":50,"code":139712,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139714,139715,139738,139752,139756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139716,139717,139719,139721,139723,139726,139729,139731,139733,139736],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139718,34918],{"class":63},[57,139720,68],{"class":67},[57,139722,181],{"class":169},[57,139724,139725],{"class":173},"Python   is",[57,139727,139728],{"class":34683},"\\t",[57,139730,133490],{"class":173},[57,139732,87148],{"class":34683},[57,139734,139735],{"class":173},"and useful",[57,139737,3602],{"class":169},[57,139739,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139741,43062],{"class":63},[57,139743,68],{"class":67},[57,139745,1212],{"class":63},[57,139747,620],{"class":71},[57,139749,34699],{"class":113},[57,139751,8870],{"class":71},[57,139753,139754],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,139755,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,139757,139758,139760,139762,139764],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,139759,102],{"class":101},[57,139761,105],{"class":71},[57,139763,43093],{"class":113},[57,139765,316],{"class":71},[20,139767,216],{},[48,139769,139771],{"className":50,"code":139770,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139772,139773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139774,139775,139777,139779,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139814,139816],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139776,1785],{"class":71},[57,139778,3543],{"class":169},[57,139780,7527],{"class":173},[57,139782,3543],{"class":169},[57,139784,79],{"class":71},[57,139786,3538],{"class":169},[57,139788,1481],{"class":173},[57,139790,3543],{"class":169},[57,139792,79],{"class":71},[57,139794,3538],{"class":169},[57,139796,133490],{"class":173},[57,139798,3543],{"class":169},[57,139800,79],{"class":71},[57,139802,3538],{"class":169},[57,139804,130115],{"class":173},[57,139806,3543],{"class":169},[57,139808,79],{"class":71},[57,139810,3538],{"class":169},[57,139812,139813],{"class":173},"useful",[57,139815,3543],{"class":169},[57,139817,95],{"class":71},[20,139819,139820],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[943,139822,139824,1682,139826],{"id":139823},"split-vs-split",[15,139825,60749],{},[15,139827,139828],{},"split(' ')",[20,139830,139831],{},"These are not the same.",[48,139833,139835],{"className":50,"code":139834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139836,139837,139850,139854,139868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139838,139839,139841,139843,139845,139848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139840,34918],{"class":63},[57,139842,68],{"class":67},[57,139844,181],{"class":169},[57,139846,139847],{"class":173},"a  b   c",[57,139849,3602],{"class":169},[57,139851,139852],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139853,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,139855,139856,139858,139860,139862,139864,139866],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,139857,102],{"class":101},[57,139859,105],{"class":71},[57,139861,1222],{"class":113},[57,139863,620],{"class":71},[57,139865,34699],{"class":113},[57,139867,1671],{"class":71},[57,139869,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,139871,102],{"class":101},[57,139873,105],{"class":71},[57,139875,1222],{"class":113},[57,139877,620],{"class":71},[57,139879,34699],{"class":113},[57,139881,105],{"class":71},[57,139883,170],{"class":169},[57,139885,181],{"class":169},[57,139887,117],{"class":71},[20,139889,216],{},[48,139891,139893],{"className":50,"code":139892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139894,139895,139923],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,139896,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911,139913,139915,139917,139919,139921],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,139898,1785],{"class":71},[57,139900,3543],{"class":169},[57,139902,614],{"class":173},[57,139904,3543],{"class":169},[57,139906,79],{"class":71},[57,139908,3538],{"class":169},[57,139910,4993],{"class":173},[57,139912,3543],{"class":169},[57,139914,79],{"class":71},[57,139916,3538],{"class":169},[57,139918,9966],{"class":173},[57,139920,3543],{"class":169},[57,139922,95],{"class":71},[57,139924,139925,139927,139929,139931,139933,139935,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957,139959,139961],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,139926,1785],{"class":71},[57,139928,3543],{"class":169},[57,139930,614],{"class":173},[57,139932,3543],{"class":169},[57,139934,79],{"class":71},[57,139936,4077],{"class":169},[57,139938,79],{"class":71},[57,139940,3538],{"class":169},[57,139942,4993],{"class":173},[57,139944,3543],{"class":169},[57,139946,79],{"class":71},[57,139948,4077],{"class":169},[57,139950,79],{"class":71},[57,139952,4077],{"class":169},[57,139954,79],{"class":71},[57,139956,3538],{"class":169},[57,139958,9966],{"class":173},[57,139960,3543],{"class":169},[57,139962,95],{"class":71},[30,139964,139965,139970],{},[33,139966,139967,139969],{},[15,139968,60749],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[33,139971,139972,139975],{},[15,139973,139974],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139977,139978,139979,139983],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[614,139980,126350,139981,10968],{"href":136920},[15,139982,41880],{}," is often useful.",[43,139985,139987],{"id":139986},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139989,139990,139991,2441,139994,2445,139996,620],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139992,139993],{},"\",\"",[15,139995,133589],{},[15,139997,139998],{},"\"::\"",[20,140000,140001],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140003,140004],{},"Example with commas:",[48,140006,140008],{"className":50,"code":140007,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140009,140010,140022,140044,140048],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140011,140012,140014,140016,140018,140020],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140013,34918],{"class":63},[57,140015,68],{"class":67},[57,140017,181],{"class":169},[57,140019,139388],{"class":173},[57,140021,3602],{"class":169},[57,140023,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040,140042],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140025,43062],{"class":63},[57,140027,68],{"class":67},[57,140029,1212],{"class":63},[57,140031,620],{"class":71},[57,140033,34699],{"class":113},[57,140035,105],{"class":71},[57,140037,170],{"class":169},[57,140039,79],{"class":173},[57,140041,170],{"class":169},[57,140043,316],{"class":71},[57,140045,140046],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,140047,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,140049,140050,140052,140054,140056],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,140051,102],{"class":101},[57,140053,105],{"class":71},[57,140055,43093],{"class":113},[57,140057,316],{"class":71},[20,140059,216],{},[48,140061,140062],{"className":50,"code":78658,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,140063,140064],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140065,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140067,1785],{"class":71},[57,140069,3543],{"class":169},[57,140071,174],{"class":173},[57,140073,3543],{"class":169},[57,140075,79],{"class":71},[57,140077,3538],{"class":169},[57,140079,184],{"class":173},[57,140081,3543],{"class":169},[57,140083,79],{"class":71},[57,140085,3538],{"class":169},[57,140087,4329],{"class":173},[57,140089,3543],{"class":169},[57,140091,95],{"class":71},[20,140093,140094],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[48,140096,140098],{"className":50,"code":140097,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140099,140100,140113,140135,140139],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140101,140102,140104,140106,140108,140111],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140103,34918],{"class":63},[57,140105,68],{"class":67},[57,140107,181],{"class":169},[57,140109,140110],{"class":173},"2024::10::31",[57,140112,3602],{"class":169},[57,140114,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140116,43062],{"class":63},[57,140118,68],{"class":67},[57,140120,1212],{"class":63},[57,140122,620],{"class":71},[57,140124,34699],{"class":113},[57,140126,105],{"class":71},[57,140128,170],{"class":169},[57,140130,76875],{"class":173},[57,140132,170],{"class":169},[57,140134,316],{"class":71},[57,140136,140137],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,140138,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,140140,140141,140143,140145,140147],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,140142,102],{"class":101},[57,140144,105],{"class":71},[57,140146,43093],{"class":113},[57,140148,316],{"class":71},[20,140150,216],{},[48,140152,140154],{"className":50,"code":140153,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140155,140156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140157,140158,140160,140162,140165,140167,140169,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140182,140184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140159,1785],{"class":71},[57,140161,3543],{"class":169},[57,140163,140164],{"class":173},"2024",[57,140166,3543],{"class":169},[57,140168,79],{"class":71},[57,140170,3538],{"class":169},[57,140172,1561],{"class":173},[57,140174,3543],{"class":169},[57,140176,79],{"class":71},[57,140178,3538],{"class":169},[57,140180,140181],{"class":173},"31",[57,140183,3543],{"class":169},[57,140185,95],{"class":71},[20,140187,140188],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140190,140191,140192,620],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[614,140193,129034],{"href":129033},[43,140195,443,140197],{"id":140196},"using-maxsplit",[15,140198,139605],{},[20,140200,140201,140203],{},[15,140202,139605],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140205,140206],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140208,864],{},[48,140210,140212],{"className":50,"code":140211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140213,140214,140227,140253,140257],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140215,140216,140218,140220,140222,140225],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140217,34918],{"class":63},[57,140219,68],{"class":67},[57,140221,181],{"class":169},[57,140223,140224],{"class":173},"name:age:city:country",[57,140226,3602],{"class":169},[57,140228,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140230,43062],{"class":63},[57,140232,68],{"class":67},[57,140234,1212],{"class":63},[57,140236,620],{"class":71},[57,140238,34699],{"class":113},[57,140240,105],{"class":71},[57,140242,170],{"class":169},[57,140244,270],{"class":173},[57,140246,170],{"class":169},[57,140248,79],{"class":71},[57,140250,87],{"class":75},[57,140252,316],{"class":71},[57,140254,140255],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,140256,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,140258,140259,140261,140263,140265],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,140260,102],{"class":101},[57,140262,105],{"class":71},[57,140264,43093],{"class":113},[57,140266,316],{"class":71},[20,140268,216],{},[48,140270,140272],{"className":50,"code":140271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140273,140274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140275,140276,140278,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140299,140301],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140277,1785],{"class":71},[57,140279,3543],{"class":169},[57,140281,7898],{"class":173},[57,140283,3543],{"class":169},[57,140285,79],{"class":71},[57,140287,3538],{"class":169},[57,140289,9526],{"class":173},[57,140291,3543],{"class":169},[57,140293,79],{"class":71},[57,140295,3538],{"class":169},[57,140297,140298],{"class":173},"city:country",[57,140300,3543],{"class":169},[57,140302,95],{"class":71},[20,140304,2430],{},[30,140306,140307,140312,140317],{},[33,140308,140309,140310],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140311,270],{},[33,140313,140314,140315],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140316,270],{},[33,140318,140319],{},"then stops",[20,140321,140322],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140324,546],{},[48,140326,140328],{"className":50,"code":140327,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140329,140330,140343],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140331,140332,140334,140336,140338,140341],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140333,34918],{"class":63},[57,140335,68],{"class":67},[57,140337,181],{"class":169},[57,140339,140340],{"class":173},"apple banana cherry grape",[57,140342,3602],{"class":169},[57,140344,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140346,102],{"class":101},[57,140348,105],{"class":71},[57,140350,1222],{"class":113},[57,140352,620],{"class":71},[57,140354,34699],{"class":113},[57,140356,105],{"class":71},[57,140358,170],{"class":169},[57,140360,181],{"class":169},[57,140362,79],{"class":71},[57,140364,5729],{"class":75},[57,140366,117],{"class":71},[20,140368,216],{},[48,140370,140372],{"className":50,"code":140371,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140373,140374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140375,140376,140378,140380,140382,140384,140386,140388,140391,140393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140377,1785],{"class":71},[57,140379,3543],{"class":169},[57,140381,174],{"class":173},[57,140383,3543],{"class":169},[57,140385,79],{"class":71},[57,140387,3538],{"class":169},[57,140389,140390],{"class":173},"banana cherry grape",[57,140392,3543],{"class":169},[57,140394,95],{"class":71},[43,140396,262,140398,11934],{"id":140397},"what-split-returns",[15,140399,60749],{},[20,140401,140402,140403,140405,140406,620],{},"The result of ",[15,140404,60749],{}," is always a ",[1399,140407,8321],{},[20,140409,140410],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140412,864],{},[48,140414,140416],{"className":50,"code":140415,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140417,140418,140431,140453,140457,140467,140481],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140419,140420,140422,140424,140426,140429],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140421,34918],{"class":63},[57,140423,68],{"class":67},[57,140425,181],{"class":169},[57,140427,140428],{"class":173},"cat,dog,bird",[57,140430,3602],{"class":169},[57,140432,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441,140443,140445,140447,140449,140451],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140434,43062],{"class":63},[57,140436,68],{"class":67},[57,140438,1212],{"class":63},[57,140440,620],{"class":71},[57,140442,34699],{"class":113},[57,140444,105],{"class":71},[57,140446,170],{"class":169},[57,140448,79],{"class":173},[57,140450,170],{"class":169},[57,140452,316],{"class":71},[57,140454,140455],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,140456,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,140458,140459,140461,140463,140465],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,140460,102],{"class":101},[57,140462,105],{"class":71},[57,140464,43093],{"class":113},[57,140466,316],{"class":71},[57,140468,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,140470,102],{"class":101},[57,140472,105],{"class":71},[57,140474,1886],{"class":1102},[57,140476,105],{"class":71},[57,140478,43093],{"class":113},[57,140480,117],{"class":71},[57,140482,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,140484,102],{"class":101},[57,140486,105],{"class":71},[57,140488,43093],{"class":113},[57,140490,1785],{"class":71},[57,140492,1294],{"class":75},[57,140494,1975],{"class":71},[20,140496,216],{},[48,140498,140500],{"className":50,"code":140499,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140501,140502,140530,140544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140503,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526,140528],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140505,1785],{"class":71},[57,140507,3543],{"class":169},[57,140509,964],{"class":173},[57,140511,3543],{"class":169},[57,140513,79],{"class":71},[57,140515,3538],{"class":169},[57,140517,982],{"class":173},[57,140519,3543],{"class":169},[57,140521,79],{"class":71},[57,140523,3538],{"class":169},[57,140525,58363],{"class":173},[57,140527,3543],{"class":169},[57,140529,95],{"class":71},[57,140531,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140533,3532],{"class":67},[57,140535,3535],{"class":1208},[57,140537,3538],{"class":169},[57,140539,8321],{"class":173},[57,140541,3543],{"class":169},[57,140543,3546],{"class":67},[57,140545,140546],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,140547,85464],{"class":63},[20,140549,140550],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[30,140552,140553,140556,140559],{},[33,140554,140555],{},"loop over it",[33,140557,140558],{},"access items by index",[33,140560,140561],{},"combine items again later",[20,140563,140564,140565,620],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[614,140566,126350,140568,10968],{"href":140567},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140569,133432],{},[20,140571,864],{},[48,140573,140575],{"className":50,"code":140574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140576,140577,140609,140631,140635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140578,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601,140603,140605,140607],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140580,43062],{"class":63},[57,140582,68],{"class":67},[57,140584,72],{"class":71},[57,140586,3543],{"class":169},[57,140588,964],{"class":173},[57,140590,3543],{"class":169},[57,140592,79],{"class":71},[57,140594,3538],{"class":169},[57,140596,982],{"class":173},[57,140598,3543],{"class":169},[57,140600,79],{"class":71},[57,140602,3538],{"class":169},[57,140604,58363],{"class":173},[57,140606,3543],{"class":169},[57,140608,95],{"class":71},[57,140610,140611,140613,140615,140617,140619,140621,140623,140625,140627,140629],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140612,34918],{"class":63},[57,140614,68],{"class":67},[57,140616,181],{"class":169},[57,140618,2277],{"class":173},[57,140620,170],{"class":169},[57,140622,620],{"class":71},[57,140624,133509],{"class":113},[57,140626,105],{"class":71},[57,140628,43093],{"class":113},[57,140630,316],{"class":71},[57,140632,140633],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,140634,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,140636,140637,140639,140641,140643],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,140638,102],{"class":101},[57,140640,105],{"class":71},[57,140642,1222],{"class":113},[57,140644,316],{"class":71},[20,140646,216],{},[48,140648,140650],{"className":50,"code":140649,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140651,140652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140653,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140655,964],{"class":63},[57,140657,2277],{"class":67},[57,140659,982],{"class":63},[57,140661,2277],{"class":67},[57,140663,140664],{"class":63},"bird\n",[43,140666,140668],{"id":140667},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140670,140671],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[943,140673,140675],{"id":140674},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[48,140677,140679],{"className":50,"code":140678,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140680,140681,140689],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140682,140683,140685,140687],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140684,34918],{"class":63},[57,140686,68],{"class":67},[57,140688,8108],{"class":169},[57,140690,140691,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140692,102],{"class":101},[57,140694,105],{"class":71},[57,140696,1222],{"class":113},[57,140698,620],{"class":71},[57,140700,34699],{"class":113},[57,140702,1671],{"class":71},[20,140704,216],{},[48,140706,140707],{"className":50,"code":38526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,140708,140709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140710,140711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140712,38526],{"class":71},[943,140714,140716],{"id":140715},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[48,140718,140720],{"className":50,"code":140719,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140721,140722,140730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140723,140724,140726,140728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140725,34918],{"class":63},[57,140727,68],{"class":67},[57,140729,8108],{"class":169},[57,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748,140750],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140733,102],{"class":101},[57,140735,105],{"class":71},[57,140737,1222],{"class":113},[57,140739,620],{"class":71},[57,140741,34699],{"class":113},[57,140743,105],{"class":71},[57,140745,170],{"class":169},[57,140747,79],{"class":173},[57,140749,170],{"class":169},[57,140751,117],{"class":71},[20,140753,216],{},[48,140755,140757],{"className":50,"code":140756,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['']\n",[15,140758,140759],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140760,140761,140763,140765],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140762,1785],{"class":71},[57,140764,4012],{"class":169},[57,140766,95],{"class":71},[943,140768,140770],{"id":140769},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140772,140773],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[48,140775,140777],{"className":50,"code":140776,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140778,140779,140791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140780,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140782,34918],{"class":63},[57,140784,68],{"class":67},[57,140786,181],{"class":169},[57,140788,4084],{"class":173},[57,140790,3602],{"class":169},[57,140792,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140794,102],{"class":101},[57,140796,105],{"class":71},[57,140798,1222],{"class":113},[57,140800,620],{"class":71},[57,140802,34699],{"class":113},[57,140804,105],{"class":71},[57,140806,170],{"class":169},[57,140808,79],{"class":173},[57,140810,170],{"class":169},[57,140812,117],{"class":71},[20,140814,216],{},[48,140816,140818],{"className":50,"code":140817,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"['hello']\n",[15,140819,140820],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140821,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140823,1785],{"class":71},[57,140825,3543],{"class":169},[57,140827,4084],{"class":173},[57,140829,3543],{"class":169},[57,140831,95],{"class":71},[43,140833,5194,140835],{"id":140834},"when-to-use-split",[15,140836,60749],{},[20,140838,1806,140839,140841],{},[15,140840,60749],{}," when you need to:",[30,140843,140844,140847,140850],{},[33,140845,140846],{},"split a sentence into words",[33,140848,140849],{},"split comma-separated values",[33,140851,140852],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140854,140855],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[30,140857,140858,140861,140864],{},[33,140859,140860],{},"cleaning text",[33,140862,140863],{},"parsing user input",[33,140865,140866],{},"processing simple file content",[43,140868,1829],{"id":1828},[20,140870,1832],{},[30,140872,140873,140877,140883,140886,140894],{},[33,140874,50726,140875,131570],{},[15,140876,60749],{},[33,140878,140879,140880,140882],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140881,60749],{}," returns a list, not a string",[33,140884,140885],{},"using the wrong separator",[33,140887,140888,140889,140891,140892],{},"assuming ",[15,140890,139828],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140893,60749],{},[33,140895,140896],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140898,140899],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[48,140901,140903],{"className":50,"code":140902,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140904,140905,140917,140935,140939],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140906,140907,140909,140911,140913,140915],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140908,34918],{"class":63},[57,140910,68],{"class":67},[57,140912,181],{"class":169},[57,140914,43055],{"class":173},[57,140916,3602],{"class":169},[57,140918,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140920,1222],{"class":63},[57,140922,620],{"class":71},[57,140924,34699],{"class":113},[57,140926,105],{"class":71},[57,140928,170],{"class":169},[57,140930,79],{"class":173},[57,140932,170],{"class":169},[57,140934,316],{"class":71},[57,140936,140937],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,140938,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,140940,140941,140943,140945,140947],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,140942,102],{"class":101},[57,140944,105],{"class":71},[57,140946,1222],{"class":113},[57,140948,316],{"class":71},[20,140950,216],{},[48,140952,140954],{"className":50,"code":140953,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a,b,c\n",[15,140955,140956],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140957,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140959,614],{"class":63},[57,140961,79],{"class":71},[57,140963,4993],{"class":63},[57,140965,79],{"class":71},[57,140967,69461],{"class":63},[20,140969,140970],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140972,11035],{},[48,140974,140975],{"className":50,"code":43042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,140976,140977,140989,141011,141015],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,140978,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,140980,34918],{"class":63},[57,140982,68],{"class":67},[57,140984,181],{"class":169},[57,140986,43055],{"class":173},[57,140988,3602],{"class":169},[57,140990,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003,141005,141007,141009],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,140992,43062],{"class":63},[57,140994,68],{"class":67},[57,140996,1212],{"class":63},[57,140998,620],{"class":71},[57,141000,34699],{"class":113},[57,141002,105],{"class":71},[57,141004,170],{"class":169},[57,141006,79],{"class":173},[57,141008,170],{"class":169},[57,141010,316],{"class":71},[57,141012,141013],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,141014,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,141016,141017,141019,141021,141023],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,141018,102],{"class":101},[57,141020,105],{"class":71},[57,141022,43093],{"class":113},[57,141024,316],{"class":71},[20,141026,216],{},[48,141028,141029],{"className":50,"code":43100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,141030,141031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141032,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141034,1785],{"class":71},[57,141036,3543],{"class":169},[57,141038,614],{"class":173},[57,141040,3543],{"class":169},[57,141042,79],{"class":71},[57,141044,3538],{"class":169},[57,141046,4993],{"class":173},[57,141048,3543],{"class":169},[57,141050,79],{"class":71},[57,141052,3538],{"class":169},[57,141054,9966],{"class":173},[57,141056,3543],{"class":169},[57,141058,95],{"class":71},[20,141060,141061],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[48,141063,141065],{"className":50,"code":141064,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141066,141067,141080,141102,141106],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141068,141069,141071,141073,141075,141078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141070,34918],{"class":63},[57,141072,68],{"class":67},[57,141074,181],{"class":169},[57,141076,141077],{"class":173},"apple,banana",[57,141079,3602],{"class":169},[57,141081,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141083,43062],{"class":63},[57,141085,68],{"class":67},[57,141087,1212],{"class":63},[57,141089,620],{"class":71},[57,141091,34699],{"class":113},[57,141093,105],{"class":71},[57,141095,170],{"class":169},[57,141097,79],{"class":173},[57,141099,170],{"class":169},[57,141101,316],{"class":71},[57,141103,141104],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,141105,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,141107,141108,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,141109,102],{"class":101},[57,141111,105],{"class":71},[57,141113,43093],{"class":113},[57,141115,1785],{"class":71},[57,141117,1788],{"class":75},[57,141119,1975],{"class":71},[20,141121,141122,141123,620],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[614,141124,69474],{"href":69473},[943,141126,60928],{"id":60927},[20,141128,9103,141129,141131],{},[15,141130,60749],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[48,141133,141135],{"className":50,"code":141134,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141136,141137,141147,141161,141183,141209],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141138,141139,141141,141143,141145],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141140,102],{"class":101},[57,141142,105],{"class":71},[57,141144,1222],{"class":113},[57,141146,316],{"class":71},[57,141148,141149,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141150,102],{"class":101},[57,141152,105],{"class":71},[57,141154,1222],{"class":113},[57,141156,620],{"class":71},[57,141158,34699],{"class":113},[57,141160,1671],{"class":71},[57,141162,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141181],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,141164,102],{"class":101},[57,141166,105],{"class":71},[57,141168,1222],{"class":113},[57,141170,620],{"class":71},[57,141172,34699],{"class":113},[57,141174,105],{"class":71},[57,141176,3543],{"class":169},[57,141178,79],{"class":173},[57,141180,3543],{"class":169},[57,141182,117],{"class":71},[57,141184,141185,141187,141189,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,141186,102],{"class":101},[57,141188,105],{"class":71},[57,141190,1007],{"class":101},[57,141192,105],{"class":71},[57,141194,1222],{"class":113},[57,141196,620],{"class":71},[57,141198,34699],{"class":113},[57,141200,105],{"class":71},[57,141202,3543],{"class":169},[57,141204,79],{"class":173},[57,141206,3543],{"class":169},[57,141208,1225],{"class":71},[57,141210,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229,141231,141233],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,141212,102],{"class":101},[57,141214,105],{"class":71},[57,141216,1886],{"class":1102},[57,141218,105],{"class":71},[57,141220,1222],{"class":113},[57,141222,620],{"class":71},[57,141224,34699],{"class":113},[57,141226,105],{"class":71},[57,141228,3543],{"class":169},[57,141230,79],{"class":173},[57,141232,3543],{"class":169},[57,141234,1225],{"class":71},[20,141236,11397],{},[30,141238,141239,141242,141245,141248],{},[33,141240,141241],{},"what the original string looks like",[33,141243,141244],{},"which separator works",[33,141246,141247],{},"how many items were created",[33,141249,141250],{},"that the result is a list",[43,141252,2011],{"id":2010},[943,141254,2119,141256,1242,141258,2053],{"id":141255},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141257,60749],{},[15,141259,139828],{},[20,141261,141262,141264],{},[15,141263,60749],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141266,141267,141269],{},[15,141268,139828],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[943,141271,12933,141273,124677],{"id":141272},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141274,60749],{},[20,141276,141277,141278,56698],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141279,60749],{},[943,141281,2015,141283,40189],{"id":141282},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141284,139605],{},[20,141286,141287],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[943,141289,141291],{"id":141290},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141293,29292,141294,141296],{},[15,141295,60749],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[43,141298,2135],{"id":2134},[30,141300,141301,141305,141311,141317,141321],{},[33,141302,141303],{},[614,141304,129955],{"href":129033},[33,141306,141307],{},[614,141308,126350,141309,10968],{"href":140567},[15,141310,133432],{},[33,141312,141313],{},[614,141314,126350,141315,10968],{"href":136920},[15,141316,41880],{},[33,141318,141319],{},[614,141320,125105],{"href":51196},[33,141322,141323],{},[614,141324,69474],{"href":69473},[2172,141326,141327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":141329},[141330,141331,141333,141334,141339,141340,141342,141344,141349,141351,141354,141363],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":139435,"depth":98,"text":141332},"What split() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":139683,"depth":98,"text":141335,"children":141336},"Using split() with no separator",[141337],{"id":139823,"depth":120,"text":141338},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139986,"depth":98,"text":139987},{"id":140196,"depth":98,"text":141341},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140397,"depth":98,"text":141343},"What split() returns",{"id":140667,"depth":98,"text":140668,"children":141345},[141346,141347,141348],{"id":140674,"depth":120,"text":140675},{"id":140715,"depth":120,"text":140716},{"id":140769,"depth":120,"text":140770},{"id":140834,"depth":98,"text":141350},"When to use split()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":141352},[141353],{"id":60927,"depth":120,"text":60928},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":141355},[141356,141358,141360,141362],{"id":141255,"depth":120,"text":141357},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141272,"depth":120,"text":141359},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141282,"depth":120,"text":141361},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141290,"depth":120,"text":141291},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139344,"description":141364},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141371,"title":141372,"body":141373,"description":143316,"extension":2219,"meta":143317,"navigation":123,"path":143318,"seo":143319,"stem":143320,"__hash__":143321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141374,"toc":143275},[141375,141380,141385,141392,141465,141470,141475,141480,141496,141498,141568,141570,141572,141592,141594,141639,141644,141646,141744,141749,141753,141758,141762,141765,141807,141811,141814,141859,141863,141866,141916,141920,141925,141977,141979,141984,141995,142000,142080,142082,142094,142103,142110,142125,142127,142242,142248,142252,142255,142260,142402,142405,142412,142414,142418,142426,142495,142501,142550,142555,142560,142562,142582,142584,142650,142652,142656,142659,142663,142704,142706,142739,142744,142747,142774,142776,142819,142826,142831,142841,142907,142911,142919,142924,142975,142979,142982,142984,142993,142995,143045,143047,143154,143156,143161,143168,143174,143177,143208,143213,143215,143222,143230,143239,143242,143244,143272],[10,141376,123350,141378,11549],{"id":141377},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141379,127718],{},[20,141381,123355,141382,141384],{},[15,141383,127718],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141386,126416,141387,3122,141389,141391],{},[15,141388,3845],{},[15,141390,3914],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[48,141393,141395],{"className":50,"code":141394,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141396,141397,141410,141414,141439],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141398,141399,141401,141403,141405,141408],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141400,34918],{"class":63},[57,141402,68],{"class":67},[57,141404,181],{"class":169},[57,141406,141407],{"class":173},"Python Beginner Help",[57,141409,3602],{"class":169},[57,141411,141412],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141413,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,141415,141416,141418,141420,141422,141424,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,141417,102],{"class":101},[57,141419,105],{"class":71},[57,141421,1222],{"class":113},[57,141423,620],{"class":71},[57,141425,141426],{"class":113},"startswith",[57,141428,105],{"class":71},[57,141430,170],{"class":169},[57,141432,7527],{"class":173},[57,141434,170],{"class":169},[57,141436,5592],{"class":71},[57,141438,44080],{"class":3903},[57,141440,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141458,141460,141462],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,141442,102],{"class":101},[57,141444,105],{"class":71},[57,141446,1222],{"class":113},[57,141448,620],{"class":71},[57,141450,141426],{"class":113},[57,141452,105],{"class":71},[57,141454,170],{"class":169},[57,141456,141457],{"class":173},"Beginner",[57,141459,170],{"class":169},[57,141461,5592],{"class":71},[57,141463,141464],{"class":3903}," # False\n",[20,141466,1806,141467,141469],{},[15,141468,127718],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[43,141471,262,141473,265],{"id":141472},"what-startswith-does",[15,141474,127718],{},[20,141476,141477,141479],{},[15,141478,127718],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[30,141481,141482,141485,141491,141493],{},[33,141483,141484],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[33,141486,5379,141487,3122,141489],{},[15,141488,3845],{},[15,141490,3914],{},[33,141492,123493],{},[33,141494,141495],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141497,864],{},[48,141499,141501],{"className":50,"code":141500,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141502,141503,141515,141519,141544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141506,8103],{"class":63},[57,141508,68],{"class":67},[57,141510,181],{"class":169},[57,141512,7527],{"class":173},[57,141514,3602],{"class":169},[57,141516,141517],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141518,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,141520,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529,141531,141533,141535,141538,141540,141542],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,141522,102],{"class":101},[57,141524,105],{"class":71},[57,141526,7898],{"class":113},[57,141528,620],{"class":71},[57,141530,141426],{"class":113},[57,141532,105],{"class":71},[57,141534,170],{"class":169},[57,141536,141537],{"class":173},"Py",[57,141539,170],{"class":169},[57,141541,5592],{"class":71},[57,141543,44080],{"class":3903},[57,141545,141546,141548,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558,141560,141562,141564,141566],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,141547,102],{"class":101},[57,141549,105],{"class":71},[57,141551,7898],{"class":113},[57,141553,620],{"class":71},[57,141555,141426],{"class":113},[57,141557,105],{"class":71},[57,141559,170],{"class":169},[57,141561,128796],{"class":173},[57,141563,170],{"class":169},[57,141565,5592],{"class":71},[57,141567,44097],{"class":3903},[43,141569,294],{"id":293},[20,141571,42610],{},[48,141573,141575],{"className":50,"code":141574,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141576,141577],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141578,141579,141581,141583,141585,141587,141590],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141580,61392],{"class":63},[57,141582,620],{"class":71},[57,141584,141426],{"class":113},[57,141586,105],{"class":71},[57,141588,141589],{"class":113},"prefix",[57,141591,316],{"class":71},[20,141593,30994],{},[48,141595,141597],{"className":50,"code":141596,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141598,141599,141617],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141600,141601,141603,141605,141607,141609,141611,141613,141615],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141602,61392],{"class":63},[57,141604,620],{"class":71},[57,141606,141426],{"class":113},[57,141608,105],{"class":71},[57,141610,141589],{"class":113},[57,141612,79],{"class":71},[57,141614,36283],{"class":113},[57,141616,316],{"class":71},[57,141618,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631,141633,141635,141637],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141620,61392],{"class":63},[57,141622,620],{"class":71},[57,141624,141426],{"class":113},[57,141626,105],{"class":71},[57,141628,141589],{"class":113},[57,141630,79],{"class":71},[57,141632,36283],{"class":113},[57,141634,79],{"class":71},[57,141636,65259],{"class":113},[57,141638,316],{"class":71},[20,141640,1023,141641,141643],{},[15,141642,141589],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141645,864],{},[48,141647,141649],{"className":50,"code":141648,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141650,141651,141663,141667,141692,141716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141652,141653,141655,141657,141659,141661],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141654,34918],{"class":63},[57,141656,68],{"class":67},[57,141658,181],{"class":169},[57,141660,60624],{"class":173},[57,141662,3602],{"class":169},[57,141664,141665],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141666,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,141668,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,141670,102],{"class":101},[57,141672,105],{"class":71},[57,141674,1222],{"class":113},[57,141676,620],{"class":71},[57,141678,141426],{"class":113},[57,141680,105],{"class":71},[57,141682,170],{"class":169},[57,141684,4084],{"class":173},[57,141686,170],{"class":169},[57,141688,5592],{"class":71},[57,141690,141691],{"class":3903},"      # True\n",[57,141693,141694,141696,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,141695,102],{"class":101},[57,141697,105],{"class":71},[57,141699,1222],{"class":113},[57,141701,620],{"class":71},[57,141703,141426],{"class":113},[57,141705,105],{"class":71},[57,141707,170],{"class":169},[57,141709,60809],{"class":173},[57,141711,170],{"class":169},[57,141713,5592],{"class":71},[57,141715,21431],{"class":3903},[57,141717,141718,141720,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,141719,102],{"class":101},[57,141721,105],{"class":71},[57,141723,1222],{"class":113},[57,141725,620],{"class":71},[57,141727,141426],{"class":113},[57,141729,105],{"class":71},[57,141731,170],{"class":169},[57,141733,60809],{"class":173},[57,141735,170],{"class":169},[57,141737,79],{"class":71},[57,141739,37874],{"class":75},[57,141741,5592],{"class":71},[57,141743,44080],{"class":3903},[20,141745,141746,141747,620],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[614,141748,125105],{"href":51196},[43,141750,141752],{"id":141751},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141754,141755,141757],{},[15,141756,127718],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[943,141759,141760],{"id":141589},[15,141761,141589],{},[20,141763,141764],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[48,141766,141768],{"className":50,"code":141767,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141769,141770,141782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141771,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141773,34918],{"class":63},[57,141775,68],{"class":67},[57,141777,181],{"class":169},[57,141779,184],{"class":173},[57,141781,3602],{"class":169},[57,141783,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141801,141803,141805],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141785,102],{"class":101},[57,141787,105],{"class":71},[57,141789,1222],{"class":113},[57,141791,620],{"class":71},[57,141793,141426],{"class":113},[57,141795,105],{"class":71},[57,141797,170],{"class":169},[57,141799,141800],{"class":173},"ban",[57,141802,170],{"class":169},[57,141804,5592],{"class":71},[57,141806,3904],{"class":3903},[943,141808,141809],{"id":36304},[15,141810,36304],{},[20,141812,141813],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[48,141815,141817],{"className":50,"code":141816,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141818,141819,141831],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141820,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141822,34918],{"class":63},[57,141824,68],{"class":67},[57,141826,181],{"class":169},[57,141828,60624],{"class":173},[57,141830,3602],{"class":169},[57,141832,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141834,102],{"class":101},[57,141836,105],{"class":71},[57,141838,1222],{"class":113},[57,141840,620],{"class":71},[57,141842,141426],{"class":113},[57,141844,105],{"class":71},[57,141846,170],{"class":169},[57,141848,60809],{"class":173},[57,141850,170],{"class":169},[57,141852,79],{"class":71},[57,141854,37874],{"class":75},[57,141856,5592],{"class":71},[57,141858,3904],{"class":3903},[943,141860,141861],{"id":52879},[15,141862,52879],{},[20,141864,141865],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[48,141867,141869],{"className":50,"code":141868,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141870,141871,141883],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141872,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141874,34918],{"class":63},[57,141876,68],{"class":67},[57,141878,181],{"class":169},[57,141880,60624],{"class":173},[57,141882,3602],{"class":169},[57,141884,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893,141895,141897,141899,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141886,102],{"class":101},[57,141888,105],{"class":71},[57,141890,1222],{"class":113},[57,141892,620],{"class":71},[57,141894,141426],{"class":113},[57,141896,105],{"class":71},[57,141898,170],{"class":169},[57,141900,141901],{"class":173},"wor",[57,141903,170],{"class":169},[57,141905,79],{"class":71},[57,141907,37874],{"class":75},[57,141909,79],{"class":71},[57,141911,54355],{"class":75},[57,141913,5592],{"class":71},[57,141915,3904],{"class":3903},[943,141917,141919],{"id":141918},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141921,141922,141924],{},[15,141923,141589],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[48,141926,141928],{"className":50,"code":141927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141929,141930,141943],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,141931,141932,141934,141936,141938,141941],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,141933,126433],{"class":63},[57,141935,68],{"class":67},[57,141937,181],{"class":169},[57,141939,141940],{"class":173},"img_001.png",[57,141942,3602],{"class":169},[57,141944,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141962,141964,141966,141968,141971,141973,141975],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,141946,102],{"class":101},[57,141948,105],{"class":71},[57,141950,126451],{"class":113},[57,141952,620],{"class":71},[57,141954,141426],{"class":113},[57,141956,5742],{"class":71},[57,141958,170],{"class":169},[57,141960,141961],{"class":173},"img_",[57,141963,170],{"class":169},[57,141965,79],{"class":71},[57,141967,181],{"class":169},[57,141969,141970],{"class":173},"photo_",[57,141972,170],{"class":169},[57,141974,51312],{"class":71},[57,141976,3904],{"class":3903},[43,141978,17649],{"id":17648},[20,141980,141981,141983],{},[15,141982,127718],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[30,141985,141986,141991],{},[33,141987,141988,141990],{},[15,141989,3845],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[33,141992,141993,127035],{},[15,141994,3914],{},[20,141996,141997,141998,7403],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141999,7228],{},[48,142001,142003],{"className":50,"code":142002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142004,142005,142019,142023,142044,142059,142065],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142006,142007,142010,142012,142014,142017],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142008,142009],{"class":63},"command ",[57,142011,68],{"class":67},[57,142013,181],{"class":169},[57,142015,142016],{"class":173},"\u002Fhelp",[57,142018,3602],{"class":169},[57,142020,142021],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142022,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142024,142025,142027,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142026,7228],{"class":1962},[57,142028,142029],{"class":63}," command",[57,142031,620],{"class":71},[57,142033,141426],{"class":113},[57,142035,105],{"class":71},[57,142037,170],{"class":169},[57,142039,127242],{"class":173},[57,142041,170],{"class":169},[57,142043,8570],{"class":71},[57,142045,142046,142048,142050,142052,142055,142057],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,142047,8296],{"class":101},[57,142049,105],{"class":71},[57,142051,170],{"class":169},[57,142053,142054],{"class":173},"This looks like a command.",[57,142056,170],{"class":169},[57,142058,316],{"class":71},[57,142060,142061,142063],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,142062,27664],{"class":1962},[57,142064,6623],{"class":71},[57,142066,142067,142069,142071,142073,142076,142078],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,142068,8296],{"class":101},[57,142070,105],{"class":71},[57,142072,170],{"class":169},[57,142074,142075],{"class":173},"This is normal text.",[57,142077,170],{"class":169},[57,142079,316],{"class":71},[20,142081,216],{},[48,142083,142085],{"className":50,"code":142084,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142086,142087],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142088,142089,142092],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142090,142091],{"class":63},"This looks like a command",[57,142093,122382],{"class":71},[43,142095,443,142097,8932,142099,1242,142101],{"id":142096},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142098,127718],{},[15,142100,36304],{},[15,142102,52879],{},[20,142104,935,142105,1242,142107,142109],{},[15,142106,36304],{},[15,142108,52879],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[30,142111,142112,142117,142122],{},[33,142113,142114,142116],{},[15,142115,36304],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[33,142118,142119,142121],{},[15,142120,52879],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[33,142123,142124],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142126,864],{},[48,142128,142130],{"className":50,"code":142129,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142131,142132,142144,142148,142177,142210],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142133,142134,142136,142138,142140,142142],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142135,34918],{"class":63},[57,142137,68],{"class":67},[57,142139,181],{"class":169},[57,142141,139629],{"class":173},[57,142143,3602],{"class":169},[57,142145,142146],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142147,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142149,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142151,102],{"class":101},[57,142153,105],{"class":71},[57,142155,1222],{"class":113},[57,142157,620],{"class":71},[57,142159,141426],{"class":113},[57,142161,105],{"class":71},[57,142163,170],{"class":169},[57,142165,79475],{"class":173},[57,142167,170],{"class":169},[57,142169,79],{"class":71},[57,142171,2706],{"class":75},[57,142173,5592],{"class":71},[57,142175,142176],{"class":3903},"        # True\n",[57,142178,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203,142206,142208],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,142180,102],{"class":101},[57,142182,105],{"class":71},[57,142184,1222],{"class":113},[57,142186,620],{"class":71},[57,142188,141426],{"class":113},[57,142190,105],{"class":71},[57,142192,170],{"class":169},[57,142194,134236],{"class":173},[57,142196,170],{"class":169},[57,142198,79],{"class":71},[57,142200,82],{"class":75},[57,142202,79],{"class":71},[57,142204,142205],{"class":75}," 13",[57,142207,5592],{"class":71},[57,142209,3904],{"class":3903},[57,142211,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,142213,102],{"class":101},[57,142215,105],{"class":71},[57,142217,1222],{"class":113},[57,142219,620],{"class":71},[57,142221,141426],{"class":113},[57,142223,105],{"class":71},[57,142225,170],{"class":169},[57,142227,134236],{"class":173},[57,142229,170],{"class":169},[57,142231,79],{"class":71},[57,142233,82],{"class":75},[57,142235,79],{"class":71},[57,142237,652],{"class":75},[57,142239,5592],{"class":71},[57,142241,5004],{"class":3903},[20,142243,142244,142245,142247],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142246,52879],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[43,142249,142251],{"id":142250},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142253,142254],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142256,142257,142258,49569],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142259,41064],{},[48,142261,142263],{"className":50,"code":142262,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142264,142265,142279,142293,142307,142311,142335,142339,142360,142381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142266,142267,142270,142272,142274,142277],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142268,142269],{"class":63},"filename1 ",[57,142271,68],{"class":67},[57,142273,181],{"class":169},[57,142275,142276],{"class":173},"img_101.jpg",[57,142278,3602],{"class":169},[57,142280,142281,142284,142286,142288,142291],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142282,142283],{"class":63},"filename2 ",[57,142285,68],{"class":67},[57,142287,181],{"class":169},[57,142289,142290],{"class":173},"photo_202.jpg",[57,142292,3602],{"class":169},[57,142294,142295,142298,142300,142302,142305],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142296,142297],{"class":63},"filename3 ",[57,142299,68],{"class":67},[57,142301,181],{"class":169},[57,142303,142304],{"class":173},"doc_303.jpg",[57,142306,3602],{"class":169},[57,142308,142309],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,142310,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142312,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329,142331,142333],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,142314,127645],{"class":63},[57,142316,68],{"class":67},[57,142318,9463],{"class":71},[57,142320,170],{"class":169},[57,142322,141961],{"class":173},[57,142324,170],{"class":169},[57,142326,79],{"class":71},[57,142328,181],{"class":169},[57,142330,141970],{"class":173},[57,142332,170],{"class":169},[57,142334,316],{"class":71},[57,142336,142337],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,142338,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142340,142341,142343,142345,142348,142350,142352,142354,142356,142358],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,142342,102],{"class":101},[57,142344,105],{"class":71},[57,142346,142347],{"class":113},"filename1",[57,142349,620],{"class":71},[57,142351,141426],{"class":113},[57,142353,105],{"class":71},[57,142355,127697],{"class":113},[57,142357,5592],{"class":71},[57,142359,3904],{"class":3903},[57,142361,142362,142364,142366,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,142363,102],{"class":101},[57,142365,105],{"class":71},[57,142367,142368],{"class":113},"filename2",[57,142370,620],{"class":71},[57,142372,141426],{"class":113},[57,142374,105],{"class":71},[57,142376,127697],{"class":113},[57,142378,5592],{"class":71},[57,142380,3904],{"class":3903},[57,142382,142383,142385,142387,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,142384,102],{"class":101},[57,142386,105],{"class":71},[57,142388,142389],{"class":113},"filename3",[57,142391,620],{"class":71},[57,142393,141426],{"class":113},[57,142395,105],{"class":71},[57,142397,127697],{"class":113},[57,142399,5592],{"class":71},[57,142401,5004],{"class":3903},[20,142403,142404],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142406,74980,142407,142411],{},[614,142408,126350,142409,10968],{"href":129944},[15,142410,126408],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[43,142413,123997],{"id":123996},[20,142415,142416,123808],{},[15,142417,127718],{},[20,142419,127395,142420,1242,142423,127402],{},[15,142421,142422],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142424,142425],{},"\"python\"",[48,142427,142429],{"className":50,"code":142428,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142430,142431,142443,142447,142471],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142432,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142434,34918],{"class":63},[57,142436,68],{"class":67},[57,142438,181],{"class":169},[57,142440,7527],{"class":173},[57,142442,3602],{"class":169},[57,142444,142445],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142446,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142448,142449,142451,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142450,102],{"class":101},[57,142452,105],{"class":71},[57,142454,1222],{"class":113},[57,142456,620],{"class":71},[57,142458,141426],{"class":113},[57,142460,105],{"class":71},[57,142462,170],{"class":169},[57,142464,141537],{"class":173},[57,142466,170],{"class":169},[57,142468,5592],{"class":71},[57,142470,3904],{"class":3903},[57,142472,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,142474,102],{"class":101},[57,142476,105],{"class":71},[57,142478,1222],{"class":113},[57,142480,620],{"class":71},[57,142482,141426],{"class":113},[57,142484,105],{"class":71},[57,142486,170],{"class":169},[57,142488,128796],{"class":173},[57,142490,170],{"class":169},[57,142492,5592],{"class":71},[57,142494,5004],{"class":3903},[20,142496,127487,142497,620],{},[614,142498,142499],{"href":124077},[15,142500,124080],{},[48,142502,142504],{"className":50,"code":142503,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142505,142506,142518,142522],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142507,142508,142510,142512,142514,142516],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142509,34918],{"class":63},[57,142511,68],{"class":67},[57,142513,181],{"class":169},[57,142515,7527],{"class":173},[57,142517,3602],{"class":169},[57,142519,142520],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142521,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142523,142524,142526,142528,142530,142532,142534,142536,142538,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142525,102],{"class":101},[57,142527,105],{"class":71},[57,142529,1222],{"class":113},[57,142531,620],{"class":71},[57,142533,1109],{"class":113},[57,142535,8865],{"class":71},[57,142537,141426],{"class":113},[57,142539,105],{"class":71},[57,142541,170],{"class":169},[57,142543,128796],{"class":173},[57,142545,170],{"class":169},[57,142547,5592],{"class":71},[57,142549,3904],{"class":3903},[43,142551,5194,142553],{"id":142552},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142554,127718],{},[20,142556,142557,142559],{},[15,142558,127718],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142561,9601],{},[30,142563,142564,142567,142570,142579],{},[33,142565,142566],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[33,142568,142569],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[33,142571,142572,142573,3122,142576],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142574,142575],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142577,142578],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[33,142580,142581],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142583,864],{},[48,142585,142587],{"className":50,"code":142586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142588,142589,142602,142606,142635],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142590,142591,142593,142595,142597,142600],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142592,127213],{"class":63},[57,142594,68],{"class":67},[57,142596,181],{"class":169},[57,142598,142599],{"class":173},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[57,142601,3602],{"class":169},[57,142603,142604],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142605,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142607,142608,142610,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142609,7228],{"class":1962},[57,142611,142612],{"class":63}," url",[57,142614,620],{"class":71},[57,142616,141426],{"class":113},[57,142618,5742],{"class":71},[57,142620,170],{"class":169},[57,142622,142575],{"class":173},[57,142624,170],{"class":169},[57,142626,79],{"class":71},[57,142628,181],{"class":169},[57,142630,142578],{"class":173},[57,142632,170],{"class":169},[57,142634,69777],{"class":71},[57,142636,142637,142639,142641,142643,142646,142648],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,142638,8296],{"class":101},[57,142640,105],{"class":71},[57,142642,170],{"class":169},[57,142644,142645],{"class":173},"This looks like a web URL.",[57,142647,170],{"class":169},[57,142649,316],{"class":71},[43,142651,1829],{"id":1828},[20,142653,23325,142654,620],{},[15,142655,127718],{},[943,142657,138790],{"id":142658},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142660,142661,123808],{},[15,142662,127718],{},[48,142664,142666],{"className":50,"code":142665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142667,142668,142680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142669,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142671,34918],{"class":63},[57,142673,68],{"class":67},[57,142675,181],{"class":169},[57,142677,7527],{"class":173},[57,142679,3602],{"class":169},[57,142681,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142683,102],{"class":101},[57,142685,105],{"class":71},[57,142687,1222],{"class":113},[57,142689,620],{"class":71},[57,142691,141426],{"class":113},[57,142693,105],{"class":71},[57,142695,170],{"class":169},[57,142697,52],{"class":173},[57,142699,170],{"class":169},[57,142701,5592],{"class":71},[57,142703,5004],{"class":3903},[20,142705,39490],{},[48,142707,142709],{"className":50,"code":142708,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142710,142711],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142712,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142714,102],{"class":101},[57,142716,105],{"class":71},[57,142718,1222],{"class":113},[57,142720,620],{"class":71},[57,142722,1109],{"class":113},[57,142724,8865],{"class":71},[57,142726,141426],{"class":113},[57,142728,105],{"class":71},[57,142730,170],{"class":169},[57,142732,52],{"class":173},[57,142734,170],{"class":169},[57,142736,5592],{"class":71},[57,142738,3904],{"class":3903},[943,142740,1837,142742,137272],{"id":142741},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142743,127718],{},[20,142745,142746],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[48,142748,142750],{"className":50,"code":142749,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142751,142752,142760,142764,142769],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142753,142754,142756,142758],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142755,2696],{"class":63},[57,142757,68],{"class":67},[57,142759,125032],{"class":75},[57,142761,142762],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142763,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142765,142766],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142767,142768],{"class":3903},"# This will cause an error:\n",[57,142770,142771],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,142772,142773],{"class":3903},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142775,39490],{},[48,142777,142779],{"className":50,"code":142778,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142780,142781,142795],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142782,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142784,2696],{"class":63},[57,142786,68],{"class":67},[57,142788,49125],{"class":1102},[57,142790,105],{"class":71},[57,142792,50466],{"class":75},[57,142794,316],{"class":71},[57,142796,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142798,102],{"class":101},[57,142800,105],{"class":71},[57,142802,364],{"class":113},[57,142804,620],{"class":71},[57,142806,141426],{"class":113},[57,142808,105],{"class":71},[57,142810,170],{"class":169},[57,142812,3231],{"class":173},[57,142814,170],{"class":169},[57,142816,5592],{"class":71},[57,142818,3904],{"class":3903},[943,142820,37434,142822,8932,142824],{"id":142821},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142823,127718],{},[15,142825,1969],{},[20,142827,142828,142830],{},[15,142829,127718],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142832,142833,142834,142836,142837,620],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142835,1969],{}," or methods like ",[614,142838,142839],{"href":124360},[15,142840,124345],{},[48,142842,142844],{"className":50,"code":142843,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142845,142846,142858,142862,142886],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142847,142848,142850,142852,142854,142856],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142849,34918],{"class":63},[57,142851,68],{"class":67},[57,142853,181],{"class":169},[57,142855,60624],{"class":173},[57,142857,3602],{"class":169},[57,142859,142860],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142861,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142863,142864,142866,142868,142870,142872,142874,142876,142878,142880,142882,142884],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142865,102],{"class":101},[57,142867,105],{"class":71},[57,142869,1222],{"class":113},[57,142871,620],{"class":71},[57,142873,141426],{"class":113},[57,142875,105],{"class":71},[57,142877,170],{"class":169},[57,142879,60809],{"class":173},[57,142881,170],{"class":169},[57,142883,5592],{"class":71},[57,142885,5004],{"class":3903},[57,142887,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,142889,102],{"class":101},[57,142891,105],{"class":71},[57,142893,170],{"class":169},[57,142895,60809],{"class":173},[57,142897,170],{"class":169},[57,142899,21404],{"class":1962},[57,142901,1212],{"class":113},[57,142903,1959],{"class":71},[57,142905,142906],{"class":3903},"           # True\n",[20,142908,135824,142909,620],{},[614,142910,127386],{"href":123605},[943,142912,4936,142914,1242,142916,142918],{"id":142913},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142915,36304],{},[15,142917,52879],{}," use index positions",[20,142920,142921,142922,620],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142923,1294],{},[48,142925,142927],{"className":50,"code":142926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142928,142929,142942,142946],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142930,142931,142933,142935,142937,142940],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142932,34918],{"class":63},[57,142934,68],{"class":67},[57,142936,181],{"class":169},[57,142938,142939],{"class":173},"abcdef",[57,142941,3602],{"class":169},[57,142943,142944],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,142945,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,142947,142948,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,142949,102],{"class":101},[57,142951,105],{"class":71},[57,142953,1222],{"class":113},[57,142955,620],{"class":71},[57,142957,141426],{"class":113},[57,142959,105],{"class":71},[57,142961,170],{"class":169},[57,142963,142964],{"class":173},"cd",[57,142966,170],{"class":169},[57,142968,79],{"class":71},[57,142970,87],{"class":75},[57,142972,5592],{"class":71},[57,142974,3904],{"class":3903},[943,142976,142978],{"id":142977},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142980,142981],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142983,16873],{},[48,142985,142987],{"className":50,"code":142986,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142988,142989],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,142990,142991],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,142992,142986],{"class":3903},[20,142994,16885],{},[48,142996,142998],{"className":50,"code":142997,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142999,143000,143012],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143001,143002,143004,143006,143008,143010],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143003,34918],{"class":63},[57,143005,68],{"class":67},[57,143007,181],{"class":169},[57,143009,7527],{"class":173},[57,143011,3602],{"class":169},[57,143013,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143039,143041,143043],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143015,102],{"class":101},[57,143017,105],{"class":71},[57,143019,1222],{"class":113},[57,143021,620],{"class":71},[57,143023,141426],{"class":113},[57,143025,5742],{"class":71},[57,143027,170],{"class":169},[57,143029,141537],{"class":173},[57,143031,170],{"class":169},[57,143033,79],{"class":71},[57,143035,181],{"class":169},[57,143037,143038],{"class":173},"Ja",[57,143040,170],{"class":169},[57,143042,51312],{"class":71},[57,143044,3904],{"class":3903},[20,143046,32312],{},[48,143048,143050],{"className":50,"code":143049,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143051,143052,143062,143076,143098,143124],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143053,143054,143056,143058,143060],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143055,102],{"class":101},[57,143057,105],{"class":71},[57,143059,1222],{"class":113},[57,143061,316],{"class":71},[57,143063,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143065,102],{"class":101},[57,143067,105],{"class":71},[57,143069,1886],{"class":1102},[57,143071,105],{"class":71},[57,143073,1222],{"class":113},[57,143075,117],{"class":71},[57,143077,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094,143096],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,143079,102],{"class":101},[57,143081,105],{"class":71},[57,143083,1222],{"class":113},[57,143085,620],{"class":71},[57,143087,141426],{"class":113},[57,143089,105],{"class":71},[57,143091,170],{"class":169},[57,143093,141537],{"class":173},[57,143095,170],{"class":169},[57,143097,117],{"class":71},[57,143099,143100,143102,143104,143106,143108,143110,143112,143114,143116,143118,143120,143122],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,143101,102],{"class":101},[57,143103,105],{"class":71},[57,143105,1222],{"class":113},[57,143107,620],{"class":71},[57,143109,1109],{"class":113},[57,143111,8865],{"class":71},[57,143113,141426],{"class":113},[57,143115,105],{"class":71},[57,143117,170],{"class":169},[57,143119,128796],{"class":173},[57,143121,170],{"class":169},[57,143123,117],{"class":71},[57,143125,143126,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138,143140,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,143127,102],{"class":101},[57,143129,105],{"class":71},[57,143131,1222],{"class":113},[57,143133,620],{"class":71},[57,143135,141426],{"class":113},[57,143137,5742],{"class":71},[57,143139,170],{"class":169},[57,143141,141537],{"class":173},[57,143143,170],{"class":169},[57,143145,79],{"class":71},[57,143147,181],{"class":169},[57,143149,143038],{"class":173},[57,143151,170],{"class":169},[57,143153,1225],{"class":71},[43,143155,2011],{"id":2010},[943,143157,12933,143159,128196],{"id":143158},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143160,127718],{},[20,143162,143163,143164,3122,143166,620],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143165,3845],{},[15,143167,3914],{},[943,143169,2025,143171,143173],{"id":143170},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143172,127718],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143175,143176],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[48,143178,143180],{"className":50,"code":143179,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143181,143182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143183,143184,143186,143188,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143185,1222],{"class":63},[57,143187,620],{"class":71},[57,143189,141426],{"class":113},[57,143191,5742],{"class":71},[57,143193,170],{"class":169},[57,143195,614],{"class":173},[57,143197,170],{"class":169},[57,143199,79],{"class":71},[57,143201,181],{"class":169},[57,143203,4993],{"class":173},[57,143205,170],{"class":169},[57,143207,117],{"class":71},[943,143209,15133,143211,124686],{"id":143210},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143212,127718],{},[20,143214,129879],{},[943,143216,2119,143218,1242,143220,2053],{"id":143217},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143219,127718],{},[15,143221,1969],{},[20,143223,143224,143226,143227,143229],{},[15,143225,127718],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143228,1969],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[943,143231,28559,143233,1242,143235,8932,143237,2053],{"id":143232},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143234,36304],{},[15,143236,52879],{},[15,143238,127718],{},[20,143240,143241],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[43,143243,2135],{"id":2134},[30,143245,143246,143252,143258,143264,143268],{},[33,143247,143248],{},[614,143249,126350,143250,10968],{"href":129944},[15,143251,126408],{},[33,143253,143254],{},[614,143255,126350,143256,10968],{"href":124360},[15,143257,124345],{},[33,143259,143260],{},[614,143261,126350,143262,10968],{"href":124077},[15,143263,124080],{},[33,143265,143266],{},[614,143267,124749],{"href":123605},[33,143269,143270],{},[614,143271,125105],{"href":51196},[2172,143273,143274],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":143276},[143277,143279,143280,143286,143287,143289,143290,143291,143293,143303,143315],{"id":141472,"depth":98,"text":143278},"What startswith() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":141751,"depth":98,"text":141752,"children":143281},[143282,143283,143284,143285],{"id":141589,"depth":120,"text":141589},{"id":36304,"depth":120,"text":36304},{"id":52879,"depth":120,"text":52879},{"id":141918,"depth":120,"text":141919},{"id":17648,"depth":98,"text":17649},{"id":142096,"depth":98,"text":143288},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142250,"depth":98,"text":142251},{"id":123996,"depth":98,"text":123997},{"id":142552,"depth":98,"text":143292},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":143294},[143295,143296,143298,143300,143302],{"id":142658,"depth":120,"text":138790},{"id":142741,"depth":120,"text":143297},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142821,"depth":120,"text":143299},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142913,"depth":120,"text":143301},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142977,"depth":120,"text":142978},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":143304},[143305,143307,143309,143311,143313],{"id":143158,"depth":120,"text":143306},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143170,"depth":120,"text":143308},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143210,"depth":120,"text":143310},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143217,"depth":120,"text":143312},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143232,"depth":120,"text":143314},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141372,"description":143316},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143323,"title":143324,"body":143325,"description":144779,"extension":2219,"meta":144780,"navigation":123,"path":144781,"seo":144782,"stem":144783,"__hash__":144784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143326,"toc":144749},[143327,143332,143337,143340,143342,143386,143388,143396,143401,143406,143411,143413,143431,143433,143479,143481,143495,143504,143508,143510,143512,143524,143529,143532,143564,143566,143575,143580,143583,143624,143626,143634,143636,143649,143655,143659,143662,143678,143680,143729,143731,143740,143743,143802,143804,143813,143820,143823,143876,143878,143902,143909,143915,143919,143925,143928,143939,143941,143981,143983,143991,143993,144033,144035,144044,144046,144064,144067,144074,144085,144088,144105,144107,144184,144186,144217,144220,144222,144225,144251,144253,144293,144295,144304,144314,144322,144330,144335,144340,144342,144356,144358,144409,144411,144420,144430,144432,144434,144456,144459,144538,144540,144576,144579,144654,144659,144661,144667,144672,144677,144680,144686,144689,144696,144704,144708,144716,144718,144746],[10,143328,123350,143330,11549],{"id":143329},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143331,41880],{},[20,143333,32547,143334,143336],{},[15,143335,41880],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143338,143339],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[43,143341,3850],{"id":3849},[48,143343,143345],{"className":50,"code":143344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143346,143347,143360,143375],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143348,143349,143351,143353,143355,143358],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143350,34918],{"class":63},[57,143352,68],{"class":67},[57,143354,181],{"class":169},[57,143356,143357],{"class":173},"  hello  ",[57,143359,3602],{"class":169},[57,143361,143362,143365,143367,143369,143371,143373],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143363,143364],{"class":63},"clean_text ",[57,143366,68],{"class":67},[57,143368,1212],{"class":63},[57,143370,620],{"class":71},[57,143372,8862],{"class":113},[57,143374,8870],{"class":71},[57,143376,143377,143379,143381,143384],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,143378,102],{"class":101},[57,143380,105],{"class":71},[57,143382,143383],{"class":113},"clean_text",[57,143385,316],{"class":71},[20,143387,216],{},[48,143389,143390],{"className":50,"code":138665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,143391,143392],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143393,143394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143395,138665],{"class":63},[20,143397,1806,143398,143400],{},[15,143399,41880],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[43,143402,262,143404,265],{"id":143403},"what-strip-does",[15,143405,41880],{},[20,143407,143408,143410],{},[15,143409,41880],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143412,13282],{},[30,143414,143415,143419,143422,143425,143428],{},[33,143416,143417,131700],{},[15,143418,41880],{},[33,143420,143421],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[33,143423,143424],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[33,143426,143427],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[33,143429,143430],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143432,864],{},[48,143434,143436],{"className":50,"code":143435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143437,143438,143451,143455,143469],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143439,143440,143442,143444,143446,143449],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143441,34918],{"class":63},[57,143443,68],{"class":67},[57,143445,181],{"class":169},[57,143447,143448],{"class":173},"  hello world  ",[57,143450,3602],{"class":169},[57,143452,143453],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143454,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,143456,143457,143459,143461,143463,143465,143467],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,143458,102],{"class":101},[57,143460,105],{"class":71},[57,143462,1222],{"class":113},[57,143464,620],{"class":71},[57,143466,8862],{"class":113},[57,143468,1671],{"class":71},[57,143470,143471,143473,143475,143477],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,143472,102],{"class":101},[57,143474,105],{"class":71},[57,143476,1222],{"class":113},[57,143478,316],{"class":71},[20,143480,216],{},[48,143482,143484],{"className":50,"code":143483,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143485,143486,143490],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143487,143488],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143489,134366],{"class":63},[57,143491,143492],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143493,143494],{"class":63},"  hello world\n",[20,143496,143497,143498,143500,143501,143503],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143499,41880],{},", but the original ",[15,143502,1222],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143505,125102,143506,620],{},[614,143507,125105],{"href":51196},[43,143509,294],{"id":293},[20,143511,26718],{},[30,143513,143514,143519],{},[33,143515,143516],{},[15,143517,143518],{},"string.strip()",[33,143520,143521],{},[15,143522,143523],{},"string.strip(chars)",[943,143525,143527],{"id":143526},"stringstrip",[15,143528,143518],{},[20,143530,143531],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[48,143533,143535],{"className":50,"code":143534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143536,143537,143550],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143538,143539,143541,143543,143545,143548],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143540,8103],{"class":63},[57,143542,68],{"class":67},[57,143544,181],{"class":169},[57,143546,143547],{"class":173},"  Alice  ",[57,143549,3602],{"class":169},[57,143551,143552,143554,143556,143558,143560,143562],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143553,102],{"class":101},[57,143555,105],{"class":71},[57,143557,7898],{"class":113},[57,143559,620],{"class":71},[57,143561,8862],{"class":113},[57,143563,1671],{"class":71},[20,143565,216],{},[48,143567,143569],{"className":50,"code":143568,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Alice\n",[15,143570,143571],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143572,143573],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143574,143568],{"class":63},[943,143576,143578],{"id":143577},"stringstripchars",[15,143579,143523],{},[20,143581,143582],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[48,143584,143586],{"className":50,"code":143585,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143587,143588,143601],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143589,143590,143592,143594,143596,143599],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143591,34918],{"class":63},[57,143593,68],{"class":67},[57,143595,181],{"class":169},[57,143597,143598],{"class":173},"!!hello??",[57,143600,3602],{"class":169},[57,143602,143603,143605,143607,143609,143611,143613,143615,143617,143620,143622],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143604,102],{"class":101},[57,143606,105],{"class":71},[57,143608,1222],{"class":113},[57,143610,620],{"class":71},[57,143612,8862],{"class":113},[57,143614,105],{"class":71},[57,143616,170],{"class":169},[57,143618,143619],{"class":173},"!?",[57,143621,170],{"class":169},[57,143623,117],{"class":71},[20,143625,216],{},[48,143627,143628],{"className":50,"code":138665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,143629,143630],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143631,143632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143633,138665],{"class":63},[20,143635,1384],{},[30,143637,143638,143643],{},[33,143639,143640,143642],{},[15,143641,134609],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[33,143644,143645,143646,143648],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143647,134609],{}," does not matter",[43,143650,143652,143653],{"id":143651},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143654,41880],{},[20,143656,31115,143657,620],{},[15,143658,41880],{},[20,143660,143661],{},"It is useful for:",[30,143663,143664,143669,143672,143675],{},[33,143665,143666,143667,4121],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143668,3201],{},[33,143670,143671],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[33,143673,143674],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[33,143676,143677],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143679,48582],{},[48,143681,143683],{"className":50,"code":143682,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143684,143685,143698,143714,143718],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143686,143687,143689,143691,143693,143696],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143688,8188],{"class":63},[57,143690,68],{"class":67},[57,143692,181],{"class":169},[57,143694,143695],{"class":173},"  sam  ",[57,143697,3602],{"class":169},[57,143699,143700,143703,143705,143708,143710,143712],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143701,143702],{"class":63},"clean_username ",[57,143704,68],{"class":67},[57,143706,143707],{"class":63}," username",[57,143709,620],{"class":71},[57,143711,8862],{"class":113},[57,143713,8870],{"class":71},[57,143715,143716],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,143717,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,143719,143720,143722,143724,143727],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,143721,102],{"class":101},[57,143723,105],{"class":71},[57,143725,143726],{"class":113},"clean_username",[57,143728,316],{"class":71},[20,143730,216],{},[48,143732,143734],{"className":50,"code":143733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sam\n",[15,143735,143736],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143737,143738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143739,143733],{"class":63},[20,143741,143742],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[48,143744,143746],{"className":50,"code":143745,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143747,143748,143761,143765,143787],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143749,143750,143752,143754,143756,143759],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143751,136593],{"class":63},[57,143753,68],{"class":67},[57,143755,181],{"class":169},[57,143757,143758],{"class":173}," yes  ",[57,143760,3602],{"class":169},[57,143762,143763],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143764,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,143766,143767,143769,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779,143781,143783,143785],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,143768,7228],{"class":1962},[57,143770,136613],{"class":63},[57,143772,620],{"class":71},[57,143774,8862],{"class":113},[57,143776,1475],{"class":71},[57,143778,6638],{"class":67},[57,143780,181],{"class":169},[57,143782,8885],{"class":173},[57,143784,170],{"class":169},[57,143786,6623],{"class":71},[57,143788,143789,143791,143793,143795,143798,143800],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,143790,8296],{"class":101},[57,143792,105],{"class":71},[57,143794,170],{"class":169},[57,143796,143797],{"class":173},"Matched",[57,143799,170],{"class":169},[57,143801,316],{"class":71},[20,143803,216],{},[48,143805,143807],{"className":50,"code":143806,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Matched\n",[15,143808,143809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143810,143811],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143812,143806],{"class":63},[20,143814,143815,143816,620],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[614,143817,143819],{"href":143818},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143821,143822],{},"Example with file-style text:",[48,143824,143826],{"className":50,"code":143825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143827,143828,143844,143858],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143829,143830,143833,143835,143837,143840,143842],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143831,143832],{"class":63},"line ",[57,143834,68],{"class":67},[57,143836,181],{"class":169},[57,143838,143839],{"class":173},"Python basics",[57,143841,87148],{"class":34683},[57,143843,3602],{"class":169},[57,143845,143846,143848,143850,143852,143854,143856],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143847,102],{"class":101},[57,143849,105],{"class":71},[57,143851,42006],{"class":101},[57,143853,105],{"class":71},[57,143855,59],{"class":113},[57,143857,117],{"class":71},[57,143859,143860,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,143861,102],{"class":101},[57,143863,105],{"class":71},[57,143865,42006],{"class":101},[57,143867,105],{"class":71},[57,143869,59],{"class":113},[57,143871,620],{"class":71},[57,143873,8862],{"class":113},[57,143875,6520],{"class":71},[20,143877,216],{},[48,143879,143881],{"className":50,"code":143880,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143882,143883,143894],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143884,143885,143887,143889,143892],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143886,3543],{"class":43553},[57,143888,143839],{"class":43557},[57,143890,87148],{"class":143891},"sfi6f",[57,143893,29929],{"class":43553},[57,143895,143896,143898,143900],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143897,3543],{"class":43553},[57,143899,143839],{"class":43557},[57,143901,29929],{"class":43553},[20,143903,443,143904,143906,143907,620],{},[15,143905,122564],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143908,87148],{},[20,143910,143911,143912,620],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[614,143913,143914],{"href":87801},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[43,143916,143918],{"id":143917},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143920,143921,143922,620],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143923,143924],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143926,143927],{},"Python will:",[30,143929,143930,143933,143936],{},[33,143931,143932],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[33,143934,143935],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[33,143937,143938],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143940,864],{},[48,143942,143944],{"className":50,"code":143943,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143945,143946,143959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143947,143948,143950,143952,143954,143957],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143949,34918],{"class":63},[57,143951,68],{"class":67},[57,143953,181],{"class":169},[57,143955,143956],{"class":173},"??hello!!",[57,143958,3602],{"class":169},[57,143960,143961,143963,143965,143967,143969,143971,143973,143975,143977,143979],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,143962,102],{"class":101},[57,143964,105],{"class":71},[57,143966,1222],{"class":113},[57,143968,620],{"class":71},[57,143970,8862],{"class":113},[57,143972,105],{"class":71},[57,143974,170],{"class":169},[57,143976,143619],{"class":173},[57,143978,170],{"class":169},[57,143980,117],{"class":71},[20,143982,216],{},[48,143984,143985],{"className":50,"code":138665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,143986,143987],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143988,143989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,143990,138665],{"class":63},[20,143992,546],{},[48,143994,143996],{"className":50,"code":143995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143997,143998,144011],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,143999,144000,144002,144004,144006,144009],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144001,34918],{"class":63},[57,144003,68],{"class":67},[57,144005,181],{"class":169},[57,144007,144008],{"class":173},"abcHelloCba",[57,144010,3602],{"class":169},[57,144012,144013,144015,144017,144019,144021,144023,144025,144027,144029,144031],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144014,102],{"class":101},[57,144016,105],{"class":71},[57,144018,1222],{"class":113},[57,144020,620],{"class":71},[57,144022,8862],{"class":113},[57,144024,105],{"class":71},[57,144026,170],{"class":169},[57,144028,41787],{"class":173},[57,144030,170],{"class":169},[57,144032,117],{"class":71},[20,144034,216],{},[48,144036,144038],{"className":50,"code":144037,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HelloC\n",[15,144039,144040],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144041,144042],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144043,144037],{"class":63},[20,144045,6465],{},[20,144047,144048,14284,144051,144053,144054,144056,144057,2441,144059,2445,144061,144063],{},[15,144049,144050],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[1399,144052,1401],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144055,41787],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144058,614],{},[15,144060,4993],{},[15,144062,9966],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144065,144066],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144068,144069,144070,6861],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[614,144071,144072],{"href":129931},[15,144073,124521],{},[43,144075,144077,1682,144079,1682,144082],{"id":144076},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144078,41880],{},[15,144080,144081],{},"lstrip()",[15,144083,144084],{},"rstrip()",[20,144086,144087],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[30,144089,144090,144095,144100],{},[33,144091,144092,144094],{},[15,144093,41880],{}," removes from both ends",[33,144096,144097,144099],{},[15,144098,144081],{}," removes from the left side only",[33,144101,144102,144104],{},[15,144103,144084],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144106,864],{},[48,144108,144110],{"className":50,"code":144109,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144111,144112,144124,144128,144146,144165],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144113,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144115,34918],{"class":63},[57,144117,68],{"class":67},[57,144119,181],{"class":169},[57,144121,143357],{"class":173},[57,144123,3602],{"class":169},[57,144125,144126],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144127,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,144129,144130,144132,144134,144136,144138,144140,144142,144144],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,144131,102],{"class":101},[57,144133,105],{"class":71},[57,144135,42006],{"class":101},[57,144137,105],{"class":71},[57,144139,1222],{"class":113},[57,144141,620],{"class":71},[57,144143,8862],{"class":113},[57,144145,6520],{"class":71},[57,144147,144148,144150,144152,144154,144156,144158,144160,144163],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,144149,102],{"class":101},[57,144151,105],{"class":71},[57,144153,42006],{"class":101},[57,144155,105],{"class":71},[57,144157,1222],{"class":113},[57,144159,620],{"class":71},[57,144161,144162],{"class":113},"lstrip",[57,144164,6520],{"class":71},[57,144166,144167,144169,144171,144173,144175,144177,144179,144182],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,144168,102],{"class":101},[57,144170,105],{"class":71},[57,144172,42006],{"class":101},[57,144174,105],{"class":71},[57,144176,1222],{"class":113},[57,144178,620],{"class":71},[57,144180,144181],{"class":113},"rstrip",[57,144183,6520],{"class":71},[20,144185,216],{},[48,144187,144189],{"className":50,"code":144188,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144190,144191,144199,144208],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144192,144193,144195,144197],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144194,3543],{"class":43553},[57,144196,4084],{"class":43557},[57,144198,29929],{"class":43553},[57,144200,144201,144203,144206],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144202,3543],{"class":43553},[57,144204,144205],{"class":43557},"hello  ",[57,144207,29929],{"class":43553},[57,144209,144210,144212,144215],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,144211,3543],{"class":43553},[57,144213,144214],{"class":43557},"  hello",[57,144216,29929],{"class":43553},[20,144218,144219],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[43,144221,108358],{"id":108357},[20,144223,144224],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[30,144226,144227,144235,144245,144248],{},[33,144228,144229,144231,144232,144234],{},[15,144230,144050],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144233,41756],{}," once",[33,144236,144237,144238,2441,144240,2445,144242,144244],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144239,614],{},[15,144241,4993],{},[15,144243,9966],{}," from both ends",[33,144246,144247],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[33,144249,144250],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144252,864],{},[48,144254,144256],{"className":50,"code":144255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144257,144258,144271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144259,144260,144262,144264,144266,144269],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144261,126433],{"class":63},[57,144263,68],{"class":67},[57,144265,181],{"class":169},[57,144267,144268],{"class":173},"txt_report.txt",[57,144270,3602],{"class":169},[57,144272,144273,144275,144277,144279,144281,144283,144285,144287,144289,144291],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144274,102],{"class":101},[57,144276,105],{"class":71},[57,144278,126451],{"class":113},[57,144280,620],{"class":71},[57,144282,8862],{"class":113},[57,144284,105],{"class":71},[57,144286,170],{"class":169},[57,144288,126486],{"class":173},[57,144290,170],{"class":169},[57,144292,117],{"class":71},[20,144294,216],{},[48,144296,144298],{"className":50,"code":144297,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"_report\n",[15,144299,144300],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144301,144302],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144303,144297],{"class":63},[20,144305,144306,144307,2441,144309,2445,144311,144313],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144308,620],{},[15,144310,63505],{},[15,144312,1956],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144315,53872,144316,5016,144319,144321],{},[15,144317,144318],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[1399,144320,1401],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144323,144324,144325,144329],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[614,144326,144327],{"href":129931},[15,144328,124521],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[43,144331,5194,144333],{"id":144332},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144334,41880],{},[20,144336,1806,144337,144339],{},[15,144338,41880],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144341,36658],{},[30,144343,144344,144348,144350,144353],{},[33,144345,143666,144346,4121],{},[15,144347,3201],{},[33,144349,143671],{},[33,144351,144352],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[33,144354,144355],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144357,864],{},[48,144359,144361],{"className":50,"code":144360,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144362,144363,144377,144381,144394],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144364,144365,144368,144370,144372,144375],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144366,144367],{"class":63},"email ",[57,144369,68],{"class":67},[57,144371,181],{"class":169},[57,144373,144374],{"class":173},"  user@example.com  ",[57,144376,3602],{"class":169},[57,144378,144379],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144380,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,144382,144383,144385,144388,144390,144392],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,144384,7228],{"class":1962},[57,144386,144387],{"class":63}," email",[57,144389,620],{"class":71},[57,144391,8862],{"class":113},[57,144393,21825],{"class":71},[57,144395,144396,144398,144400,144402,144405,144407],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,144397,8296],{"class":101},[57,144399,105],{"class":71},[57,144401,170],{"class":169},[57,144403,144404],{"class":173},"Email was entered",[57,144406,170],{"class":169},[57,144408,316],{"class":71},[20,144410,216],{},[48,144412,144414],{"className":50,"code":144413,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Email was entered\n",[15,144415,144416],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144417,144418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144419,144413],{"class":63},[20,144421,144422,144423,144425,144426,620],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144424,41880],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[614,144427,144428],{"href":124077},[15,144429,124080],{},[43,144431,1829],{"id":1828},[20,144433,1832],{},[30,144435,144436,144440,144445,144450],{},[33,144437,1848,144438,131570],{},[15,144439,41880],{},[33,144441,1848,144442,144444],{},[15,144443,41880],{}," to remove text from the middle",[33,144446,443,144447,144449],{},[15,144448,144318],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[33,144451,4936,144452,144455],{},[15,144453,144454],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144457,144458],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[48,144460,144462],{"className":50,"code":144461,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144463,144464,144478,144482,144492,144506,144520],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144465,144466,144468,144470,144472,144474,144476],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144467,34918],{"class":63},[57,144469,68],{"class":67},[57,144471,181],{"class":169},[57,144473,144214],{"class":173},[57,144475,87148],{"class":34683},[57,144477,3602],{"class":169},[57,144479,144480],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144481,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,144483,144484,144486,144488,144490],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,144485,102],{"class":101},[57,144487,105],{"class":71},[57,144489,1222],{"class":113},[57,144491,316],{"class":71},[57,144493,144494,144496,144498,144500,144502,144504],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,144495,102],{"class":101},[57,144497,105],{"class":71},[57,144499,42006],{"class":101},[57,144501,105],{"class":71},[57,144503,1222],{"class":113},[57,144505,117],{"class":71},[57,144507,144508,144510,144512,144514,144516,144518],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,144509,102],{"class":101},[57,144511,105],{"class":71},[57,144513,1222],{"class":113},[57,144515,620],{"class":71},[57,144517,8862],{"class":113},[57,144519,1671],{"class":71},[57,144521,144522,144524,144526,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,144523,102],{"class":101},[57,144525,105],{"class":71},[57,144527,42006],{"class":101},[57,144529,105],{"class":71},[57,144531,1222],{"class":113},[57,144533,620],{"class":71},[57,144535,8862],{"class":113},[57,144537,6520],{"class":71},[20,144539,216],{},[48,144541,144543],{"className":50,"code":144542,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144544,144545,144550,144554,144564,144568],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144546,144547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144548,144549],{"class":63},"  hello\n",[57,144551,144552],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144553,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,144555,144556,144558,144560,144562],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,144557,3543],{"class":43553},[57,144559,144214],{"class":43557},[57,144561,87148],{"class":143891},[57,144563,29929],{"class":43553},[57,144565,144566],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,144567,138665],{"class":63},[57,144569,144570,144572,144574],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,144571,3543],{"class":43553},[57,144573,4084],{"class":43557},[57,144575,29929],{"class":43553},[20,144577,144578],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[48,144580,144582],{"className":50,"code":144581,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144583,144584,144594,144608,144622,144640],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144587,102],{"class":101},[57,144589,105],{"class":71},[57,144591,1222],{"class":113},[57,144593,316],{"class":71},[57,144595,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604,144606],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144597,102],{"class":101},[57,144599,105],{"class":71},[57,144601,42006],{"class":101},[57,144603,105],{"class":71},[57,144605,1222],{"class":113},[57,144607,117],{"class":71},[57,144609,144610,144612,144614,144616,144618,144620],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,144611,102],{"class":101},[57,144613,105],{"class":71},[57,144615,1222],{"class":113},[57,144617,620],{"class":71},[57,144619,8862],{"class":113},[57,144621,1671],{"class":71},[57,144623,144624,144626,144628,144630,144632,144634,144636,144638],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,144625,102],{"class":101},[57,144627,105],{"class":71},[57,144629,42006],{"class":101},[57,144631,105],{"class":71},[57,144633,1222],{"class":113},[57,144635,620],{"class":71},[57,144637,8862],{"class":113},[57,144639,6520],{"class":71},[57,144641,144642,144644,144646,144648,144650,144652],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,144643,32382],{"class":101},[57,144645,105],{"class":71},[57,144647,1103],{"class":1102},[57,144649,620],{"class":71},[57,144651,8862],{"class":1108},[57,144653,316],{"class":71},[20,144655,144656,144658],{},[15,144657,122564],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[43,144660,2011],{"id":2010},[943,144662,12933,144664,144666],{"id":144663},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144665,41880],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144668,46590,144669,144671],{},[15,144670,41880],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[943,144673,12933,144675,124677],{"id":144674},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144676,41880],{},[20,144678,144679],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[943,144681,2015,144683,144685],{"id":144682},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144684,41880],{}," remove by default?",[20,144687,144688],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[943,144690,34435,144692,34438,144694,2053],{"id":144691},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144693,41880],{},[15,144695,124521],{},[20,144697,144698,144700,144701,144703],{},[15,144699,41880],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144702,124521],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[943,144705,144707],{"id":144706},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144709,128223,144710,144712,144713,144715],{},[15,144711,144081],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144714,144084],{}," for the right side.",[43,144717,2135],{"id":2134},[30,144719,144720,144726,144732,144737,144742],{},[33,144721,144722],{},[614,144723,126350,144724,10968],{"href":124077},[15,144725,124080],{},[33,144727,144728],{},[614,144729,126350,144730,10968],{"href":129931},[15,144731,124521],{},[33,144733,144734],{},[614,144735,144736],{"href":143818},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[33,144738,144739],{},[614,144740,144741],{"href":87801},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[33,144743,144744],{},[614,144745,125105],{"href":51196},[2172,144747,144748],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":144750},[144751,144752,144754,144758,144760,144761,144763,144764,144766,144767,144778],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":143403,"depth":98,"text":144753},"What strip() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":144755},[144756,144757],{"id":143526,"depth":120,"text":143518},{"id":143577,"depth":120,"text":143523},{"id":143651,"depth":98,"text":144759},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143917,"depth":98,"text":143918},{"id":144076,"depth":98,"text":144762},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108357,"depth":98,"text":108358},{"id":144332,"depth":98,"text":144765},"When to use strip()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":144768},[144769,144771,144773,144775,144777],{"id":144663,"depth":120,"text":144770},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144674,"depth":120,"text":144772},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144682,"depth":120,"text":144774},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144691,"depth":120,"text":144776},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144706,"depth":120,"text":144707},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143324,"description":144779},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144786,"title":144787,"body":144788,"description":145968,"extension":2219,"meta":145969,"navigation":123,"path":145970,"seo":145971,"stem":145972,"__hash__":145973},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144789,"toc":145938},[144790,144795,144800,144805,144807,144853,144861,144866,144880,144886,144888,144890,144905,144907,144917,144920,144951,144954,144977,144979,144982,145039,145041,145055,145057,145071,145077,145082,145085,145126,145128,145137,145145,145148,145193,145195,145204,145207,145211,145216,145230,145232,145264,145266,145286,145289,145294,145299,145301,145312,145315,145372,145374,145382,145391,145393,145395,145401,145403,145440,145442,145450,145452,145493,145495,145504,145509,145514,145516,145543,145550,145553,145584,145586,145595,145601,145610,145641,145643,145655,145668,145672,145677,145707,145709,145776,145778,145788,145790,145795,145798,145803,145808,145812,145818,145824,145827,145829,145887,145889,145897,145899,145935],[10,144791,123350,144793,11549],{"id":144792},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144794,128228],{},[20,144796,123355,144797,144799],{},[15,144798,128228],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144801,84612,144802,144804],{},[15,144803,128228],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[43,144806,46],{"id":45},[48,144808,144810],{"className":50,"code":144809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144811,144812,144824,144838,144848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144813,144814,144816,144818,144820,144822],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144815,34918],{"class":63},[57,144817,68],{"class":67},[57,144819,181],{"class":169},[57,144821,129069],{"class":173},[57,144823,3602],{"class":169},[57,144825,144826,144828,144830,144832,144834,144836],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144827,1336],{"class":63},[57,144829,68],{"class":67},[57,144831,1212],{"class":63},[57,144833,620],{"class":71},[57,144835,34708],{"class":113},[57,144837,8870],{"class":71},[57,144839,144840,144842,144844,144846],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,144841,102],{"class":101},[57,144843,105],{"class":71},[57,144845,1368],{"class":113},[57,144847,316],{"class":71},[57,144849,144850],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,144851,144852],{"class":3903},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144854,144855,144857,144858,144860],{},[15,144856,128228],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[1399,144859,1401],{}," change the original string in place.",[43,144862,262,144864,265],{"id":144863},"what-upper-does",[15,144865,128228],{},[30,144867,144868,144873,144876,144878],{},[33,144869,144870,144872],{},[15,144871,128228],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[33,144874,144875],{},"It works on string values only",[33,144877,133598],{},[33,144879,136316],{},[20,144881,125102,144882,3122,144884,620],{},[614,144883,136322],{"href":136321},[614,144885,125105],{"href":51196},[43,144887,294],{"id":293},[20,144889,2412],{},[48,144891,144893],{"className":50,"code":144892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"string.upper()\n",[15,144894,144895],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144896,144897,144899,144901,144903],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144898,61392],{"class":63},[57,144900,620],{"class":71},[57,144902,34708],{"class":113},[57,144904,8870],{"class":71},[20,144906,11686],{},[30,144908,144909,144911,144914],{},[33,144910,97523],{},[33,144912,144913],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[33,144915,144916],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144918,144919],{},"Example with a variable:",[48,144921,144923],{"className":50,"code":144922,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144924,144925,144937],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144926,144927,144929,144931,144933,144935],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144928,8103],{"class":63},[57,144930,68],{"class":67},[57,144932,181],{"class":169},[57,144934,52],{"class":173},[57,144936,3602],{"class":169},[57,144938,144939,144941,144943,144945,144947,144949],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,144940,102],{"class":101},[57,144942,105],{"class":71},[57,144944,7898],{"class":113},[57,144946,620],{"class":71},[57,144948,34708],{"class":113},[57,144950,1671],{"class":71},[20,144952,144953],{},"Example with a string literal:",[48,144955,144957],{"className":50,"code":144956,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144958,144959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144960,144961,144963,144965,144967,144969,144971,144973,144975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144962,102],{"class":101},[57,144964,105],{"class":71},[57,144966,170],{"class":169},[57,144968,4084],{"class":173},[57,144970,170],{"class":169},[57,144972,620],{"class":71},[57,144974,34708],{"class":113},[57,144976,1671],{"class":71},[43,144978,11703],{"id":11702},[20,144980,144981],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[48,144983,144985],{"className":50,"code":144984,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144986,144987,144999,145014,145018,145028],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,144988,144989,144991,144993,144995,144997],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,144990,6384],{"class":63},[57,144992,68],{"class":67},[57,144994,181],{"class":169},[57,144996,184],{"class":173},[57,144998,3602],{"class":169},[57,145000,145001,145004,145006,145008,145010,145012],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145002,145003],{"class":63},"uppercase_word ",[57,145005,68],{"class":67},[57,145007,38610],{"class":63},[57,145009,620],{"class":71},[57,145011,34708],{"class":113},[57,145013,8870],{"class":71},[57,145015,145016],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145017,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,145019,145020,145022,145024,145026],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,145021,102],{"class":101},[57,145023,105],{"class":71},[57,145025,38619],{"class":113},[57,145027,316],{"class":71},[57,145029,145030,145032,145034,145037],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,145031,102],{"class":101},[57,145033,105],{"class":71},[57,145035,145036],{"class":113},"uppercase_word",[57,145038,316],{"class":71},[20,145040,216],{},[48,145042,145044],{"className":50,"code":145043,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145045,145046,145050],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145047,145048],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145049,70620],{"class":63},[57,145051,145052],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145053,145054],{"class":34683},"BANANA\n",[20,145056,112464],{},[30,145058,145059,145064],{},[33,145060,145061,145063],{},[15,145062,38619],{}," keeps its original value",[33,145065,145066,145068,145069],{},[15,145067,145036],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145070,128228],{},[43,145072,145074,145076],{"id":145073},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145075,128228],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145078,136982,145079,145081],{},[1399,145080,136985],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145083,145084],{},"So this method:",[48,145086,145088],{"className":50,"code":145087,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145089,145090,145102,145112,145116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145091,145092,145094,145096,145098,145100],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145093,8103],{"class":63},[57,145095,68],{"class":67},[57,145097,181],{"class":169},[57,145099,18034],{"class":173},[57,145101,3602],{"class":169},[57,145103,145104,145106,145108,145110],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145105,7898],{"class":63},[57,145107,620],{"class":71},[57,145109,34708],{"class":113},[57,145111,8870],{"class":71},[57,145113,145114],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145115,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,145117,145118,145120,145122,145124],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,145119,102],{"class":101},[57,145121,105],{"class":71},[57,145123,7898],{"class":113},[57,145125,316],{"class":71},[20,145127,216],{},[48,145129,145131],{"className":50,"code":145130,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"alice\n",[15,145132,145133],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145134,145135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145136,145130],{"class":63},[20,145138,21208,145139,145141,145142,145144],{},[15,145140,128228],{}," was called, ",[15,145143,7898],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145146,145147],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[48,145149,145151],{"className":50,"code":145150,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145152,145153,145165,145179,145183],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145154,145155,145157,145159,145161,145163],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145156,8103],{"class":63},[57,145158,68],{"class":67},[57,145160,181],{"class":169},[57,145162,18034],{"class":173},[57,145164,3602],{"class":169},[57,145166,145167,145169,145171,145173,145175,145177],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145168,8103],{"class":63},[57,145170,68],{"class":67},[57,145172,36223],{"class":63},[57,145174,620],{"class":71},[57,145176,34708],{"class":113},[57,145178,8870],{"class":71},[57,145180,145181],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145182,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,145184,145185,145187,145189,145191],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,145186,102],{"class":101},[57,145188,105],{"class":71},[57,145190,7898],{"class":113},[57,145192,316],{"class":71},[20,145194,216],{},[48,145196,145198],{"className":50,"code":145197,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ALICE\n",[15,145199,145200],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145201,145202],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145203,145197],{"class":34683},[20,145205,145206],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[43,145208,145210],{"id":145209},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145212,145213,145215],{},[15,145214,128228],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[30,145217,145218,145221,145224,145227],{},[33,145219,145220],{},"Numbers stay the same",[33,145222,145223],{},"Spaces stay the same",[33,145225,145226],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[33,145228,145229],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145231,864],{},[48,145233,145235],{"className":50,"code":145234,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145236,145237,145250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145238,145239,145241,145243,145245,145248],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145240,34918],{"class":63},[57,145242,68],{"class":67},[57,145244,181],{"class":169},[57,145246,145247],{"class":173},"Room 7, table #3!",[57,145249,3602],{"class":169},[57,145251,145252,145254,145256,145258,145260,145262],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145253,102],{"class":101},[57,145255,105],{"class":71},[57,145257,1222],{"class":113},[57,145259,620],{"class":71},[57,145261,34708],{"class":113},[57,145263,1671],{"class":71},[20,145265,216],{},[48,145267,145269],{"className":50,"code":145268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145270,145271],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145272,145273,145276,145278,145280,145283],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145274,145275],{"class":34683},"ROOM",[57,145277,657],{"class":75},[57,145279,79],{"class":71},[57,145281,145282],{"class":34683}," TABLE",[57,145284,145285],{"class":3903}," #3!\n",[20,145287,145288],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[43,145290,5194,145292],{"id":145291},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145293,128228],{},[20,145295,145296,145298],{},[15,145297,128228],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145300,48560],{},[30,145302,145303,145306,145309],{},[33,145304,145305],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[33,145307,145308],{},"Format labels or headings",[33,145310,145311],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145313,145314],{},"Example: simple comparison",[48,145316,145318],{"className":50,"code":145317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145319,145320,145332,145336,145358],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145321,145322,145324,145326,145328,145330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145323,136593],{"class":63},[57,145325,68],{"class":67},[57,145327,181],{"class":169},[57,145329,8885],{"class":173},[57,145331,3602],{"class":169},[57,145333,145334],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145335,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,145337,145338,145340,145342,145344,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354,145356],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145339,7228],{"class":1962},[57,145341,136613],{"class":63},[57,145343,620],{"class":71},[57,145345,34708],{"class":113},[57,145347,1475],{"class":71},[57,145349,6638],{"class":67},[57,145351,181],{"class":169},[57,145353,136600],{"class":173},[57,145355,170],{"class":169},[57,145357,6623],{"class":71},[57,145359,145360,145362,145364,145366,145368,145370],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,145361,8296],{"class":101},[57,145363,105],{"class":71},[57,145365,170],{"class":169},[57,145367,143797],{"class":173},[57,145369,170],{"class":169},[57,145371,316],{"class":71},[20,145373,216],{},[48,145375,145376],{"className":50,"code":143806,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145377,145378],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145379,145380],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145381,143806],{"class":63},[20,145383,145384,145385,2441,145387,2445,145389,620],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145386,8885],{},[15,145388,137386],{},[15,145390,136600],{},[43,145392,1829],{"id":1828},[943,145394,95884],{"id":95883},[20,145396,8344,145397,145400],{},[15,145398,145399],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145402,16873],{},[48,145404,145406],{"className":50,"code":145405,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145407,145408,145420,145430],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145409,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145411,34918],{"class":63},[57,145413,68],{"class":67},[57,145415,181],{"class":169},[57,145417,4084],{"class":173},[57,145419,3602],{"class":169},[57,145421,145422,145424,145426,145428],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145423,1222],{"class":63},[57,145425,620],{"class":71},[57,145427,34708],{"class":113},[57,145429,8870],{"class":71},[57,145431,145432,145434,145436,145438],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145433,102],{"class":101},[57,145435,105],{"class":71},[57,145437,1222],{"class":113},[57,145439,316],{"class":71},[20,145441,216],{},[48,145443,145444],{"className":50,"code":138665,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145445,145446],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145447,145448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145449,138665],{"class":63},[20,145451,16885],{},[48,145453,145455],{"className":50,"code":145454,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145456,145457,145469,145483],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145458,145459,145461,145463,145465,145467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145460,34918],{"class":63},[57,145462,68],{"class":67},[57,145464,181],{"class":169},[57,145466,4084],{"class":173},[57,145468,3602],{"class":169},[57,145470,145471,145473,145475,145477,145479,145481],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145472,34918],{"class":63},[57,145474,68],{"class":67},[57,145476,1212],{"class":63},[57,145478,620],{"class":71},[57,145480,34708],{"class":113},[57,145482,8870],{"class":71},[57,145484,145485,145487,145489,145491],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145486,102],{"class":101},[57,145488,105],{"class":71},[57,145490,1222],{"class":113},[57,145492,316],{"class":71},[20,145494,216],{},[48,145496,145498],{"className":50,"code":145497,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO\n",[15,145499,145500],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145501,145502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145503,145497],{"class":34683},[943,145505,19139,145507,137272],{"id":145506},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145508,128228],{},[20,145510,145511,145513],{},[15,145512,128228],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145515,864],{},[48,145517,145519],{"className":50,"code":145518,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145520,145521,145529],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145522,145523,145525,145527],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145524,2469],{"class":63},[57,145526,68],{"class":67},[57,145528,125032],{"class":75},[57,145530,145531,145533,145535,145537,145539,145541],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145532,102],{"class":101},[57,145534,105],{"class":71},[57,145536,2490],{"class":113},[57,145538,620],{"class":71},[57,145540,34708],{"class":113},[57,145542,1671],{"class":71},[20,145544,39882,145545,145547,145548,33831],{},[15,145546,2440],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145549,128228],{},[20,145551,145552],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[48,145554,145556],{"className":50,"code":145555,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145557,145558,145566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145559,145560,145562,145564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145561,2469],{"class":63},[57,145563,68],{"class":67},[57,145565,125032],{"class":75},[57,145567,145568,145570,145572,145574,145576,145578,145580,145582],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145569,102],{"class":101},[57,145571,105],{"class":71},[57,145573,1103],{"class":1102},[57,145575,105],{"class":71},[57,145577,2490],{"class":113},[57,145579,8859],{"class":71},[57,145581,34708],{"class":113},[57,145583,1671],{"class":71},[20,145585,216],{},[48,145587,145589],{"className":50,"code":145588,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"123\n",[15,145590,145591],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145592,145593],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145594,145588],{"class":75},[943,145596,37434,145598,145600],{"id":145597},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145599,128228],{}," with title case",[20,145602,145603,145605,145606,145609],{},[15,145604,128228],{}," makes ",[1399,145607,145608],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[48,145611,145613],{"className":50,"code":145612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145614,145615,145627],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145616,145617,145619,145621,145623,145625],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145618,34918],{"class":63},[57,145620,68],{"class":67},[57,145622,181],{"class":169},[57,145624,60624],{"class":173},[57,145626,3602],{"class":169},[57,145628,145629,145631,145633,145635,145637,145639],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145630,102],{"class":101},[57,145632,105],{"class":71},[57,145634,1222],{"class":113},[57,145636,620],{"class":71},[57,145638,34708],{"class":113},[57,145640,1671],{"class":71},[20,145642,216],{},[48,145644,145646],{"className":50,"code":145645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145647,145648],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145649,145650,145652],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145651,136374],{"class":34683},[57,145653,145654],{"class":34683}," WORLD\n",[20,145656,145657,145658,145662,145663,145667],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[614,145659,145660],{"href":124077},[15,145661,124080],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[614,145664,145665],{"href":129931},[15,145666,124521],{}," changes parts of a string.",[43,145669,145671],{"id":145670},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145673,145674,145675,270],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145676,128228],{},[30,145678,145679,145686,145693,145700],{},[33,145680,145681,145685],{},[614,145682,145683],{"href":124077},[15,145684,124080],{}," for lowercase text",[33,145687,145688,145692],{},[614,145689,145690],{"href":136920},[15,145691,41880],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[33,145694,145695,145699],{},[614,145696,145697],{"href":129931},[15,145698,124521],{}," for changing parts of a string",[33,145701,145702,1242,145704,145706],{},[15,145703,127718],{},[15,145705,126408],{}," for checks",[20,145708,864],{},[48,145710,145712],{"className":50,"code":145711,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145713,145714,145726,145730,145745,145761,145765],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145715,145716,145718,145720,145722,145724],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145717,34918],{"class":63},[57,145719,68],{"class":67},[57,145721,181],{"class":169},[57,145723,143448],{"class":173},[57,145725,3602],{"class":169},[57,145727,145728],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145729,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,145731,145732,145735,145737,145739,145741,145743],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145733,145734],{"class":63},"cleaned ",[57,145736,68],{"class":67},[57,145738,1212],{"class":63},[57,145740,620],{"class":71},[57,145742,8862],{"class":113},[57,145744,8870],{"class":71},[57,145746,145747,145750,145752,145755,145757,145759],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,145748,145749],{"class":63},"loud ",[57,145751,68],{"class":67},[57,145753,145754],{"class":63}," cleaned",[57,145756,620],{"class":71},[57,145758,34708],{"class":113},[57,145760,8870],{"class":71},[57,145762,145763],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,145764,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,145766,145767,145769,145771,145774],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,145768,102],{"class":101},[57,145770,105],{"class":71},[57,145772,145773],{"class":113},"loud",[57,145775,316],{"class":71},[20,145777,216],{},[48,145779,145780],{"className":50,"code":145645,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145781,145782],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145783,145784,145786],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145785,136374],{"class":34683},[57,145787,145654],{"class":34683},[43,145789,2011],{"id":2010},[943,145791,12933,145793,124677],{"id":145792},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145794,128228],{},[20,145796,145797],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[943,145799,12933,145801,137654],{"id":145800},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145802,128228],{},[20,145804,145805,145806,620],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145807,145399],{},[943,145809,145811],{"id":145810},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145813,145814,145815,145817],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145816,128228],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[943,145819,28559,145821,145823],{"id":145820},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145822,128228],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145825,145826],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145828,864],{},[48,145830,145832],{"className":50,"code":145831,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145833,145834,145846,145859,145863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145835,145836,145838,145840,145842,145844],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145837,686],{"class":63},[57,145839,68],{"class":67},[57,145841,181],{"class":169},[57,145843,52],{"class":173},[57,145845,3602],{"class":169},[57,145847,145848,145850,145852,145854,145857],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,145849,696],{"class":63},[57,145851,68],{"class":67},[57,145853,181],{"class":169},[57,145855,145856],{"class":173},"PYTHON",[57,145858,3602],{"class":169},[57,145860,145861],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,145862,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,145864,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881,145883,145885],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,145866,102],{"class":101},[57,145868,105],{"class":71},[57,145870,614],{"class":113},[57,145872,620],{"class":71},[57,145874,34708],{"class":113},[57,145876,1475],{"class":71},[57,145878,6638],{"class":67},[57,145880,733],{"class":113},[57,145882,620],{"class":71},[57,145884,34708],{"class":113},[57,145886,1671],{"class":71},[20,145888,216],{},[48,145890,145891],{"className":50,"code":4214,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,145892,145893],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,145894,145895],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,145896,4214],{"class":1523},[43,145898,2135],{"id":2134},[30,145900,145901,145905,145911,145917,145923,145927,145931],{},[33,145902,145903],{},[614,145904,125105],{"href":51196},[33,145906,145907],{},[614,145908,126350,145909,10968],{"href":124077},[15,145910,124080],{},[33,145912,145913],{},[614,145914,126350,145915,10968],{"href":136920},[15,145916,41880],{},[33,145918,145919],{},[614,145920,126350,145921,10968],{"href":129931},[15,145922,124521],{},[33,145924,145925],{},[614,145926,90678],{"href":89687},[33,145928,145929],{},[614,145930,124749],{"href":123605},[33,145932,145933],{},[614,145934,137740],{"href":136321},[2172,145936,145937],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":145939},[145940,145941,145943,145944,145945,145947,145948,145950,145957,145958,145967],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":144863,"depth":98,"text":145942},"What upper() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":145073,"depth":98,"text":145946},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145209,"depth":98,"text":145210},{"id":145291,"depth":98,"text":145949},"When to use upper()",{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":145951},[145952,145953,145955],{"id":95883,"depth":120,"text":95884},{"id":145506,"depth":120,"text":145954},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145597,"depth":120,"text":145956},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145670,"depth":98,"text":145671},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":145959},[145960,145962,145964,145965],{"id":145792,"depth":120,"text":145961},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145800,"depth":120,"text":145963},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145810,"depth":120,"text":145811},{"id":145820,"depth":120,"text":145966},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144787,"description":145968},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145975,"title":145976,"body":145977,"description":147854,"extension":2219,"meta":147855,"navigation":123,"path":147856,"seo":147857,"stem":147858,"__hash__":147859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145978,"toc":147804},[145979,145985,145992,145998,146000,146056,146061,146066,146071,146074,146093,146096,146098,146122,146140,146151,146153,146156,146209,146211,146219,146221,146239,146244,146247,146304,146306,146315,146318,146338,146341,146347,146352,146354,146397,146399,146407,146410,146451,146453,146462,146468,146474,146501,146503,146511,146516,146520,146532,146575,146577,146585,146590,146596,146601,146605,146607,146650,146653,146700,146702,146711,146718,146722,146725,146771,146776,146780,146782,146825,146828,146836,146838,146843,146845,146847,146866,146869,146881,146883,146902,146904,146912,146916,146918,146969,146972,147047,147049,147057,147060,147064,147066,147113,147116,147187,147189,147197,147203,147205,147280,147284,147363,147365,147373,147379,147385,147390,147395,147444,147448,147519,147522,147527,147538,147541,147552,147562,147564,147569,147594,147599,147680,147682,147707,147709,147714,147717,147723,147732,147738,147741,147747,147753,147760,147763,147765,147801],[10,145980,13,145982,18],{"id":145981},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145983,145984],{},"sum()",[20,145986,22,145987,145989,145990,24994],{},[15,145988,145984],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145991,60216],{},[20,145993,145994,145995,145997],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145996,36304],{}," value and a few important limits.",[43,145999,46],{"id":45},[48,146001,146003],{"className":50,"code":146002,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,146004,146005,146029,146044],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146006,146007,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017,146019,146021,146023,146025,146027],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146008,64],{"class":63},[57,146010,68],{"class":67},[57,146012,72],{"class":71},[57,146014,3231],{"class":75},[57,146016,79],{"class":71},[57,146018,87],{"class":75},[57,146020,79],{"class":71},[57,146022,1793],{"class":75},[57,146024,79],{"class":71},[57,146026,2706],{"class":75},[57,146028,95],{"class":71},[57,146030,146031,146033,146035,146038,146040,146042],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146032,41409],{"class":63},[57,146034,68],{"class":67},[57,146036,146037],{"class":101}," sum",[57,146039,105],{"class":71},[57,146041,114],{"class":113},[57,146043,316],{"class":71},[57,146045,146046,146048,146050,146052,146054],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,146047,102],{"class":101},[57,146049,105],{"class":71},[57,146051,41438],{"class":113},[57,146053,1959],{"class":71},[57,146055,27025],{"class":3903},[20,146057,1806,146058,146060],{},[15,146059,145984],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[43,146062,262,146064,265],{"id":146063},"what-sum-does",[15,146065,145984],{},[20,146067,146068,146070],{},[15,146069,145984],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146072,146073],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[30,146075,146076,146079,146082,146087],{},[33,146077,146078],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[33,146080,146081],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[33,146083,146084,146085],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146086,36430],{},[33,146088,146089,146090,146092],{},"Counting ",[15,146091,3845],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146094,146095],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[43,146097,294],{"id":293},[48,146099,146101],{"className":50,"code":146100,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146102,146103],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146104,146105,146108,146110,146112,146114,146116,146118,146120],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146106,146107],{"class":101},"sum",[57,146109,105],{"class":71},[57,146111,313],{"class":113},[57,146113,79],{"class":71},[57,146115,36283],{"class":334},[57,146117,68],{"class":67},[57,146119,1294],{"class":75},[57,146121,316],{"class":71},[30,146123,146124,146129,146134],{},[33,146125,146126,146128],{},[15,146127,313],{}," is the group of values to add",[33,146130,146131,146133],{},[15,146132,36304],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[33,146135,146136,146137],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146138,146139],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146141,146142,146143,146146,146147,620],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146144,146145,313],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[614,146148,146149,24848],{"href":36427},[15,146150,36430],{},[43,146152,11703],{"id":11702},[20,146154,146155],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[48,146157,146159],{"className":50,"code":146158,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146160,146161,146181,146195,146199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146162,146163,146165,146167,146169,146171,146173,146175,146177,146179],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146164,64],{"class":63},[57,146166,68],{"class":67},[57,146168,72],{"class":71},[57,146170,2389],{"class":75},[57,146172,79],{"class":71},[57,146174,6234],{"class":75},[57,146176,79],{"class":71},[57,146178,38165],{"class":75},[57,146180,95],{"class":71},[57,146182,146183,146185,146187,146189,146191,146193],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146184,41409],{"class":63},[57,146186,68],{"class":67},[57,146188,146037],{"class":101},[57,146190,105],{"class":71},[57,146192,114],{"class":113},[57,146194,316],{"class":71},[57,146196,146197],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,146198,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,146200,146201,146203,146205,146207],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,146202,102],{"class":101},[57,146204,105],{"class":71},[57,146206,41438],{"class":113},[57,146208,316],{"class":71},[20,146210,216],{},[48,146212,146213],{"className":50,"code":70054,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146214,146215],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146216,146217],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146218,70054],{"class":75},[20,146220,11912],{},[30,146222,146223,146228,146234],{},[33,146224,146225,146227],{},[15,146226,114],{}," contains three integers",[33,146229,146230,146233],{},[15,146231,146232],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[33,146235,146236,146237],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146238,41438],{},[43,146240,929,146242,8661],{"id":146241},"using-the-start-value",[15,146243,36304],{},[20,146245,146246],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[48,146248,146250],{"className":50,"code":146249,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146251,146252,146272,146290,146294],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146253,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146255,64],{"class":63},[57,146257,68],{"class":67},[57,146259,72],{"class":71},[57,146261,3231],{"class":75},[57,146263,79],{"class":71},[57,146265,87],{"class":75},[57,146267,79],{"class":71},[57,146269,1793],{"class":75},[57,146271,95],{"class":71},[57,146273,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286,146288],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146275,41409],{"class":63},[57,146277,68],{"class":67},[57,146279,146037],{"class":101},[57,146281,105],{"class":71},[57,146283,114],{"class":113},[57,146285,79],{"class":71},[57,146287,6234],{"class":75},[57,146289,316],{"class":71},[57,146291,146292],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,146293,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,146295,146296,146298,146300,146302],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,146297,102],{"class":101},[57,146299,105],{"class":71},[57,146301,41438],{"class":113},[57,146303,316],{"class":71},[20,146305,216],{},[48,146307,146309],{"className":50,"code":146308,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"16\n",[15,146310,146311],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146312,146313],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146314,146308],{"class":75},[20,146316,146317],{},"This works like:",[30,146319,146320,146325,146330,146334],{},[33,146321,146322,146323],{},"Start at ",[15,146324,1561],{},[33,146326,146327,146328],{},"Add ",[15,146329,3231],{},[33,146331,146327,146332],{},[15,146333,1788],{},[33,146335,146327,146336],{},[15,146337,76],{},[20,146339,146340],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[43,146342,262,146344,146346],{"id":146343},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146345,145984],{}," can work with",[20,146348,146349,146351],{},[15,146350,145984],{}," works with numeric values.",[943,146353,40653],{"id":40652},[48,146355,146357],{"className":50,"code":146356,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146358,146359,146383],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146360,146361,146363,146365,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146362,4061],{"class":63},[57,146364,68],{"class":67},[57,146366,72],{"class":71},[57,146368,3231],{"class":75},[57,146370,79],{"class":71},[57,146372,87],{"class":75},[57,146374,79],{"class":71},[57,146376,1793],{"class":75},[57,146378,79],{"class":71},[57,146380,2706],{"class":75},[57,146382,95],{"class":71},[57,146384,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146386,102],{"class":101},[57,146388,105],{"class":71},[57,146390,146107],{"class":101},[57,146392,105],{"class":71},[57,146394,5589],{"class":113},[57,146396,117],{"class":71},[20,146398,216],{},[48,146400,146401],{"className":50,"code":2626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146402,146403],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146404,146405],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146406,2626],{"class":75},[943,146408,146409],{"id":52266},"Floats",[48,146411,146413],{"className":50,"code":146412,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146414,146415,146437],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146416,146417,146419,146421,146423,146425,146427,146430,146432,146435],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146418,556],{"class":63},[57,146420,68],{"class":67},[57,146422,72],{"class":71},[57,146424,41385],{"class":75},[57,146426,79],{"class":71},[57,146428,146429],{"class":75}," 3.75",[57,146431,79],{"class":71},[57,146433,146434],{"class":75}," 1.25",[57,146436,95],{"class":71},[57,146438,146439,146441,146443,146445,146447,146449],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146440,102],{"class":101},[57,146442,105],{"class":71},[57,146444,146107],{"class":101},[57,146446,105],{"class":71},[57,146448,593],{"class":113},[57,146450,117],{"class":71},[20,146452,216],{},[48,146454,146456],{"className":50,"code":146455,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"7.5\n",[15,146457,146458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146459,146460],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146461,146455],{"class":75},[20,146463,146464,146465,620],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[614,146466,146467],{"href":2668},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[943,146469,146471,146472],{"id":146470},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146473,36430],{},[48,146475,146477],{"className":50,"code":146476,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146478,146479],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146480,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146482,102],{"class":101},[57,146484,105],{"class":71},[57,146486,146107],{"class":101},[57,146488,105],{"class":71},[57,146490,60216],{"class":101},[57,146492,105],{"class":71},[57,146494,3231],{"class":75},[57,146496,79],{"class":71},[57,146498,37874],{"class":75},[57,146500,1225],{"class":71},[20,146502,216],{},[48,146504,146505],{"className":50,"code":47265,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146506,146507],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146508,146509],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146510,47265],{"class":75},[20,146512,113554,146513,620],{},[15,146514,146515],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[943,146517,146519],{"id":146518},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146521,146522,146523,146525,146526,1242,146528,146525,146530,620],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146524,3845],{}," acts like ",[15,146527,3231],{},[15,146529,3914],{},[15,146531,1294],{},[48,146533,146535],{"className":50,"code":146534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146536,146537,146561],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146538,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146540,52186],{"class":63},[57,146542,68],{"class":67},[57,146544,72],{"class":71},[57,146546,3845],{"class":1523},[57,146548,79],{"class":71},[57,146550,4141],{"class":1523},[57,146552,79],{"class":71},[57,146554,4150],{"class":1523},[57,146556,79],{"class":71},[57,146558,4150],{"class":1523},[57,146560,95],{"class":71},[57,146562,146563,146565,146567,146569,146571,146573],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146564,102],{"class":101},[57,146566,105],{"class":71},[57,146568,146107],{"class":101},[57,146570,105],{"class":71},[57,146572,52239],{"class":113},[57,146574,117],{"class":71},[20,146576,216],{},[48,146578,146579],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146580,146581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146582,146583],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146584,46841],{"class":75},[20,146586,146587,146588,620],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146589,3845],{},[43,146591,262,146593,146595],{"id":146592},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146594,145984],{}," does not work with",[20,146597,146598,146600],{},[15,146599,145984],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[943,146602,146604],{"id":146603},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146606,3080],{},[48,146608,146610],{"className":50,"code":146609,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146611,146612,146636],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146613,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146615,162],{"class":63},[57,146617,68],{"class":67},[57,146619,72],{"class":71},[57,146621,170],{"class":169},[57,146623,4084],{"class":173},[57,146625,170],{"class":169},[57,146627,79],{"class":71},[57,146629,181],{"class":169},[57,146631,60809],{"class":173},[57,146633,170],{"class":169},[57,146635,95],{"class":71},[57,146637,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146639,102],{"class":101},[57,146641,105],{"class":71},[57,146643,146107],{"class":101},[57,146645,105],{"class":71},[57,146647,211],{"class":113},[57,146649,117],{"class":71},[20,146651,146652],{},"Use string joining instead:",[48,146654,146656],{"className":50,"code":146655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146657,146658,146682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146659,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146661,162],{"class":63},[57,146663,68],{"class":67},[57,146665,72],{"class":71},[57,146667,170],{"class":169},[57,146669,4084],{"class":173},[57,146671,170],{"class":169},[57,146673,79],{"class":71},[57,146675,181],{"class":169},[57,146677,60809],{"class":173},[57,146679,170],{"class":169},[57,146681,95],{"class":71},[57,146683,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146685,102],{"class":101},[57,146687,105],{"class":71},[57,146689,6502],{"class":169},[57,146691,620],{"class":71},[57,146693,133509],{"class":113},[57,146695,105],{"class":71},[57,146697,211],{"class":113},[57,146699,117],{"class":71},[20,146701,216],{},[48,146703,146705],{"className":50,"code":146704,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"helloworld\n",[15,146706,146707],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146708,146709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146710,146704],{"class":63},[20,146712,146713,146714,620],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[614,146715,146716,1040],{"href":42402},[15,146717,47906],{},[943,146719,146721],{"id":146720},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146723,146724],{},"This also causes an error:",[48,146726,146728],{"className":50,"code":146727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146729,146730,146757],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146731,146732,146735,146737,146739,146741,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146733,146734],{"class":63},"lists ",[57,146736,68],{"class":67},[57,146738,56513],{"class":71},[57,146740,3231],{"class":75},[57,146742,79],{"class":71},[57,146744,87],{"class":75},[57,146746,18293],{"class":71},[57,146748,72],{"class":71},[57,146750,76],{"class":75},[57,146752,79],{"class":71},[57,146754,2706],{"class":75},[57,146756,53461],{"class":71},[57,146758,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767,146769],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146760,102],{"class":101},[57,146762,105],{"class":71},[57,146764,146107],{"class":101},[57,146766,105],{"class":71},[57,146768,5530],{"class":113},[57,146770,117],{"class":71},[20,146772,146773,146775],{},[15,146774,145984],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[943,146777,146779],{"id":146778},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146781,5703],{},[48,146783,146785],{"className":50,"code":146784,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146786,146787,146811],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146788,146789,146791,146793,146795,146797,146799,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146790,4061],{"class":63},[57,146792,68],{"class":67},[57,146794,72],{"class":71},[57,146796,3231],{"class":75},[57,146798,79],{"class":71},[57,146800,87],{"class":75},[57,146802,79],{"class":71},[57,146804,181],{"class":169},[57,146806,76],{"class":173},[57,146808,170],{"class":169},[57,146810,95],{"class":71},[57,146812,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146814,102],{"class":101},[57,146816,105],{"class":71},[57,146818,146107],{"class":101},[57,146820,105],{"class":71},[57,146822,5589],{"class":113},[57,146824,117],{"class":71},[20,146826,146827],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146829,146830,146831,146833,146834,620],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146832,66162],{},", convert them first. See ",[614,146835,3206],{"href":3205},[43,146837,41731],{"id":41730},[20,146839,146840,146841,620],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146842,145984],{},[943,146844,6754],{"id":6753},[20,146846,4758],{},[48,146848,146850],{"className":50,"code":146849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146851,146852],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146853,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862,146864],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146855,102],{"class":101},[57,146857,105],{"class":71},[57,146859,146107],{"class":101},[57,146861,105],{"class":71},[57,146863,2389],{"class":75},[57,146865,117],{"class":71},[20,146867,146868],{},"Why it fails:",[30,146870,146871,146876],{},[33,146872,146873,146875],{},[15,146874,2389],{}," is a single integer",[33,146877,146878,146880],{},[15,146879,145984],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146882,6784],{},[48,146884,146886],{"className":50,"code":146885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146887,146888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146889,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146891,102],{"class":101},[57,146893,105],{"class":71},[57,146895,146107],{"class":101},[57,146897,1949],{"class":71},[57,146899,2389],{"class":75},[57,146901,3242],{"class":71},[20,146903,216],{},[48,146905,146906],{"className":50,"code":3190,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,146907,146908],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146909,146910],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146911,3190],{"class":75},[943,146913,146915],{"id":146914},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146917,4758],{},[48,146919,146921],{"className":50,"code":146920,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146922,146923,146955],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146924,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146926,4061],{"class":63},[57,146928,68],{"class":67},[57,146930,72],{"class":71},[57,146932,170],{"class":169},[57,146934,3231],{"class":173},[57,146936,170],{"class":169},[57,146938,79],{"class":71},[57,146940,181],{"class":169},[57,146942,1788],{"class":173},[57,146944,170],{"class":169},[57,146946,79],{"class":71},[57,146948,181],{"class":169},[57,146950,76],{"class":173},[57,146952,170],{"class":169},[57,146954,95],{"class":71},[57,146956,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,146958,102],{"class":101},[57,146960,105],{"class":71},[57,146962,146107],{"class":101},[57,146964,105],{"class":71},[57,146966,5589],{"class":113},[57,146968,117],{"class":71},[20,146970,146971],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[48,146973,146975],{"className":50,"code":146974,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146976,146977,147009,147037],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,146978,146979,146981,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,146980,4061],{"class":63},[57,146982,68],{"class":67},[57,146984,72],{"class":71},[57,146986,170],{"class":169},[57,146988,3231],{"class":173},[57,146990,170],{"class":169},[57,146992,79],{"class":71},[57,146994,181],{"class":169},[57,146996,1788],{"class":173},[57,146998,170],{"class":169},[57,147000,79],{"class":71},[57,147002,181],{"class":169},[57,147004,76],{"class":173},[57,147006,170],{"class":169},[57,147008,95],{"class":71},[57,147010,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033,147035],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147012,41409],{"class":63},[57,147014,68],{"class":67},[57,147016,146037],{"class":101},[57,147018,105],{"class":71},[57,147020,2440],{"class":1102},[57,147022,105],{"class":71},[57,147024,1956],{"class":113},[57,147026,1959],{"class":71},[57,147028,1963],{"class":1962},[57,147030,1966],{"class":113},[57,147032,1969],{"class":1962},[57,147034,4121],{"class":113},[57,147036,316],{"class":71},[57,147038,147039,147041,147043,147045],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,147040,102],{"class":101},[57,147042,105],{"class":71},[57,147044,41438],{"class":113},[57,147046,316],{"class":71},[20,147048,216],{},[48,147050,147051],{"className":50,"code":2900,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,147052,147053],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147054,147055],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147056,2900],{"class":75},[20,147058,147059],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[943,147061,147063],{"id":147062},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147065,4758],{},[48,147067,147069],{"className":50,"code":147068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147070,147071,147099],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147072,147073,147075,147077,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087,147089,147091,147093,147095,147097],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147074,4061],{"class":63},[57,147076,68],{"class":67},[57,147078,72],{"class":71},[57,147080,3231],{"class":75},[57,147082,79],{"class":71},[57,147084,87],{"class":75},[57,147086,79],{"class":71},[57,147088,181],{"class":169},[57,147090,76],{"class":173},[57,147092,170],{"class":169},[57,147094,79],{"class":71},[57,147096,2706],{"class":75},[57,147098,95],{"class":71},[57,147100,147101,147103,147105,147107,147109,147111],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147102,102],{"class":101},[57,147104,105],{"class":71},[57,147106,146107],{"class":101},[57,147108,105],{"class":71},[57,147110,5589],{"class":113},[57,147112,117],{"class":71},[20,147114,147115],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[48,147117,147119],{"className":50,"code":147118,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147120,147121,147149,147177],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147122,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133,147135,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147124,4061],{"class":63},[57,147126,68],{"class":67},[57,147128,72],{"class":71},[57,147130,3231],{"class":75},[57,147132,79],{"class":71},[57,147134,87],{"class":75},[57,147136,79],{"class":71},[57,147138,181],{"class":169},[57,147140,76],{"class":173},[57,147142,170],{"class":169},[57,147144,79],{"class":71},[57,147146,2706],{"class":75},[57,147148,95],{"class":71},[57,147150,147151,147153,147155,147157,147159,147161,147163,147165,147167,147169,147171,147173,147175],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147152,41409],{"class":63},[57,147154,68],{"class":67},[57,147156,146037],{"class":101},[57,147158,105],{"class":71},[57,147160,2440],{"class":1102},[57,147162,105],{"class":71},[57,147164,1956],{"class":113},[57,147166,1959],{"class":71},[57,147168,1963],{"class":1962},[57,147170,1966],{"class":113},[57,147172,1969],{"class":1962},[57,147174,4121],{"class":113},[57,147176,316],{"class":71},[57,147178,147179,147181,147183,147185],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,147180,102],{"class":101},[57,147182,105],{"class":71},[57,147184,41438],{"class":113},[57,147186,316],{"class":71},[20,147188,216],{},[48,147190,147191],{"className":50,"code":2626,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,147192,147193],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147194,147195],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147196,2626],{"class":75},[943,147198,443,147200,147202],{"id":147199},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147201,145984],{}," to join text",[20,147204,4758],{},[48,147206,147208],{"className":50,"code":147207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147209,147210,147266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147211,147212,147214,147216,147218,147220,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242,147244,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147213,36322],{"class":63},[57,147215,68],{"class":67},[57,147217,72],{"class":71},[57,147219,170],{"class":169},[57,147221,134108],{"class":173},[57,147223,170],{"class":169},[57,147225,79],{"class":71},[57,147227,181],{"class":169},[57,147229,11974],{"class":173},[57,147231,170],{"class":169},[57,147233,79],{"class":71},[57,147235,181],{"class":169},[57,147237,63505],{"class":173},[57,147239,170],{"class":169},[57,147241,79],{"class":71},[57,147243,181],{"class":169},[57,147245,60656],{"class":173},[57,147247,170],{"class":169},[57,147249,79],{"class":71},[57,147251,181],{"class":169},[57,147253,60691],{"class":173},[57,147255,170],{"class":169},[57,147257,79],{"class":71},[57,147259,181],{"class":169},[57,147261,76238],{"class":173},[57,147263,170],{"class":169},[57,147265,95],{"class":71},[57,147267,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147269,102],{"class":101},[57,147271,105],{"class":71},[57,147273,146107],{"class":101},[57,147275,105],{"class":71},[57,147277,36375],{"class":113},[57,147279,117],{"class":71},[20,147281,1806,147282,60750],{},[15,147283,133432],{},[48,147285,147287],{"className":50,"code":147286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147288,147289,147345],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147290,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321,147323,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147292,36322],{"class":63},[57,147294,68],{"class":67},[57,147296,72],{"class":71},[57,147298,170],{"class":169},[57,147300,134108],{"class":173},[57,147302,170],{"class":169},[57,147304,79],{"class":71},[57,147306,181],{"class":169},[57,147308,11974],{"class":173},[57,147310,170],{"class":169},[57,147312,79],{"class":71},[57,147314,181],{"class":169},[57,147316,63505],{"class":173},[57,147318,170],{"class":169},[57,147320,79],{"class":71},[57,147322,181],{"class":169},[57,147324,60656],{"class":173},[57,147326,170],{"class":169},[57,147328,79],{"class":71},[57,147330,181],{"class":169},[57,147332,60691],{"class":173},[57,147334,170],{"class":169},[57,147336,79],{"class":71},[57,147338,181],{"class":169},[57,147340,76238],{"class":173},[57,147342,170],{"class":169},[57,147344,95],{"class":71},[57,147346,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147348,102],{"class":101},[57,147350,105],{"class":71},[57,147352,6502],{"class":169},[57,147354,620],{"class":71},[57,147356,133509],{"class":113},[57,147358,105],{"class":71},[57,147360,36375],{"class":113},[57,147362,117],{"class":71},[20,147364,216],{},[48,147366,147367],{"className":50,"code":134189,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,147368,147369],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147370,147371],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147372,134189],{"class":63},[20,147374,147375,147376,620],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[614,147377,147378],{"href":135270},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[43,147380,147382,147384],{"id":147381},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147383,145984],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147386,147387,147389],{},[15,147388,145984],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[943,147391,443,147393],{"id":147392},"using-sum",[15,147394,145984],{},[48,147396,147398],{"className":50,"code":147397,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147399,147400,147420,147434],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147401,147402,147404,147406,147408,147410,147412,147414,147416,147418],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147403,64],{"class":63},[57,147405,68],{"class":67},[57,147407,72],{"class":71},[57,147409,647],{"class":75},[57,147411,79],{"class":71},[57,147413,657],{"class":75},[57,147415,79],{"class":71},[57,147417,54355],{"class":75},[57,147419,95],{"class":71},[57,147421,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147423,41409],{"class":63},[57,147425,68],{"class":67},[57,147427,146037],{"class":101},[57,147429,105],{"class":71},[57,147431,114],{"class":113},[57,147433,316],{"class":71},[57,147435,147436,147438,147440,147442],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,147437,102],{"class":101},[57,147439,105],{"class":71},[57,147441,41438],{"class":113},[57,147443,316],{"class":71},[943,147445,147447],{"id":147446},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[48,147449,147451],{"className":50,"code":147450,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147452,147453,147473,147481,147485,147497,147505,147509],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147454,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147456,64],{"class":63},[57,147458,68],{"class":67},[57,147460,72],{"class":71},[57,147462,647],{"class":75},[57,147464,79],{"class":71},[57,147466,657],{"class":75},[57,147468,79],{"class":71},[57,147470,54355],{"class":75},[57,147472,95],{"class":71},[57,147474,147475,147477,147479],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147476,41409],{"class":63},[57,147478,68],{"class":67},[57,147480,38741],{"class":75},[57,147482,147483],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,147484,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,147486,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,147488,6189],{"class":1962},[57,147490,6616],{"class":63},[57,147492,1969],{"class":1962},[57,147494,4495],{"class":63},[57,147496,6623],{"class":71},[57,147498,147499,147501,147503],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,147500,90102],{"class":63},[57,147502,90105],{"class":67},[57,147504,90108],{"class":63},[57,147506,147507],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,147508,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,147510,147511,147513,147515,147517],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,147512,102],{"class":101},[57,147514,105],{"class":71},[57,147516,41438],{"class":113},[57,147518,316],{"class":71},[20,147520,147521],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147523,2737,147524,147526],{},[15,147525,145984],{}," is often better:",[30,147528,147529,147532,147535],{},[33,147530,147531],{},"Shorter code",[33,147533,147534],{},"Easier to read",[33,147536,147537],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147539,147540],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[30,147542,147543,147546,147549],{},[33,147544,147545],{},"You need to skip some values",[33,147547,147548],{},"You need extra checks",[33,147550,147551],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147553,147554,147555,147558,147559,147561],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[614,147556,147557],{"href":40237},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147560,145984],{}," on the filtered result.",[43,147563,1829],{"id":1828},[20,147565,147566,147567,270],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147568,145984],{},[30,147570,147571,147577,147584,147591],{},[33,147572,147573,147574],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147575,147576],{},"sum(5)",[33,147578,147579,147580,147583],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147581,147582],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[33,147585,443,147586,147588,147589],{},[15,147587,145984],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147590,133432],{},[33,147592,147593],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147595,9103,147596,147598],{},[15,147597,145984],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[48,147600,147602],{"className":50,"code":147601,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147603,147604,147614,147628,147652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147605,147606,147608,147610,147612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147607,102],{"class":101},[57,147609,105],{"class":71},[57,147611,5589],{"class":113},[57,147613,316],{"class":71},[57,147615,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147617,102],{"class":101},[57,147619,105],{"class":71},[57,147621,1886],{"class":1102},[57,147623,105],{"class":71},[57,147625,5589],{"class":113},[57,147627,117],{"class":71},[57,147629,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,147631,102],{"class":101},[57,147633,1949],{"class":71},[57,147635,1886],{"class":1102},[57,147637,105],{"class":71},[57,147639,1956],{"class":113},[57,147641,1959],{"class":71},[57,147643,1963],{"class":1962},[57,147645,1966],{"class":113},[57,147647,1969],{"class":1962},[57,147649,4121],{"class":113},[57,147651,1975],{"class":71},[57,147653,147654,147656,147658,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,147655,102],{"class":101},[57,147657,105],{"class":71},[57,147659,146107],{"class":101},[57,147661,1949],{"class":71},[57,147663,2440],{"class":1102},[57,147665,105],{"class":71},[57,147667,1956],{"class":113},[57,147669,1959],{"class":71},[57,147671,1963],{"class":1962},[57,147673,1966],{"class":113},[57,147675,1969],{"class":1962},[57,147677,4121],{"class":113},[57,147679,3242],{"class":71},[20,147681,136003],{},[30,147683,147684,147690,147696,147701],{},[33,147685,147686,147689],{},[15,147687,147688],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[33,147691,147692,147695],{},[15,147693,147694],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[33,147697,147698,136025],{},[15,147699,147700],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[33,147702,147703,147706],{},[15,147704,147705],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[43,147708,2011],{"id":2010},[943,147710,2015,147712,2018],{"id":147711},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147713,145984],{},[20,147715,147716],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[943,147718,2025,147720,147722],{"id":147719},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147721,145984],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147724,30500,147725,3122,147728,147731],{},[15,147726,147727],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147729,147730],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[943,147733,2025,147735,147737],{"id":147734},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147736,145984],{}," work with floats?",[20,147739,147740],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[943,147742,147744,147745,2053],{"id":147743},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147746,145984],{},[20,147748,147749,147750,147752],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147751,36304],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[943,147754,5389,147756,119388,147758,2053],{"id":147755},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147757,145984],{},[15,147759,1539],{},[20,147761,147762],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[43,147764,2135],{"id":2134},[30,147766,147767,147771,147777,147783,147789,147793,147797],{},[33,147768,147769],{},[614,147770,146467],{"href":2668},[33,147772,147773],{},[614,147774,13,147775,2144],{"href":36427},[15,147776,36430],{},[33,147778,147779],{},[614,147780,13,147781,2144],{"href":1037},[15,147782,1033],{},[33,147784,147785],{},[614,147786,13,147787,2144],{"href":42402},[15,147788,47906],{},[33,147790,147791],{},[614,147792,5451],{"href":40237},[33,147794,147795],{},[614,147796,3768],{"href":3205},[33,147798,147799],{},[614,147800,147378],{"href":135270},[2172,147802,147803],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":147805},[147806,147807,147809,147810,147811,147813,147821,147827,147834,147840,147841,147853],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":146063,"depth":98,"text":147808},"What sum() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":146241,"depth":98,"text":147812},"Using the start value",{"id":146343,"depth":98,"text":147814,"children":147815},"What sum() can work with",[147816,147817,147818,147820],{"id":40652,"depth":120,"text":40653},{"id":52266,"depth":120,"text":146409},{"id":146470,"depth":120,"text":147819},"Values from range()",{"id":146518,"depth":120,"text":146519},{"id":146592,"depth":98,"text":147822,"children":147823},"What sum() does not work with",[147824,147825,147826],{"id":146603,"depth":120,"text":146604},{"id":146720,"depth":120,"text":146721},{"id":146778,"depth":120,"text":146779},{"id":41730,"depth":98,"text":41731,"children":147828},[147829,147830,147831,147832],{"id":6753,"depth":120,"text":6754},{"id":146914,"depth":120,"text":146915},{"id":147062,"depth":120,"text":147063},{"id":147199,"depth":120,"text":147833},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147381,"depth":98,"text":147835,"children":147836},"sum() vs manual loop",[147837,147839],{"id":147392,"depth":120,"text":147838},"Using sum()",{"id":147446,"depth":120,"text":147447},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":147842},[147843,147845,147847,147849,147851],{"id":147711,"depth":120,"text":147844},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147719,"depth":120,"text":147846},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147734,"depth":120,"text":147848},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147743,"depth":120,"text":147850},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147755,"depth":120,"text":147852},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145976,"description":147854},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147861,"title":147862,"body":147863,"description":149265,"extension":2219,"meta":149266,"navigation":123,"path":149267,"seo":149268,"stem":149269,"__hash__":149270},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147864,"toc":149233},[147865,147871,147877,147880,147943,147949,147954,147958,147975,147989,147993,148013,148027,148029,148122,148124,148138,148140,148143,148232,148234,148242,148251,148253,148257,148278,148280,148372,148374,148395,148397,148401,148415,148417,148491,148493,148512,148516,148519,148542,148544,148655,148662,148670,148672,148678,148681,148724,148727,148750,148758,148762,148837,148843,148868,148875,148878,148881,148885,148890,148978,148986,148990,148993,149018,149022,149083,149087,149136,149146,149148,149153,149156,149162,149165,149169,149173,149179,149182,149190,149198,149200,149230],[10,147866,147868,147869,11549],{"id":147867},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147870,57510],{},[20,147872,147873,147876],{},[15,147874,147875],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147878,147879],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[48,147881,147883],{"className":50,"code":147882,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147884,147885,147913,147931],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147886,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,147888,64],{"class":63},[57,147890,68],{"class":67},[57,147892,9463],{"class":71},[57,147894,3231],{"class":75},[57,147896,79],{"class":71},[57,147898,87],{"class":75},[57,147900,79],{"class":71},[57,147902,87],{"class":75},[57,147904,79],{"class":71},[57,147906,1793],{"class":75},[57,147908,79],{"class":71},[57,147910,87],{"class":75},[57,147912,316],{"class":71},[57,147914,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,147916,1336],{"class":63},[57,147918,68],{"class":67},[57,147920,4495],{"class":63},[57,147922,620],{"class":71},[57,147924,41486],{"class":113},[57,147926,105],{"class":71},[57,147928,1788],{"class":75},[57,147930,316],{"class":71},[57,147932,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,147934,102],{"class":101},[57,147936,105],{"class":71},[57,147938,1368],{"class":113},[57,147940,1959],{"class":71},[57,147942,50991],{"class":3903},[20,147944,1806,147945,147948],{},[15,147946,147947],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[43,147950,262,147952,265],{"id":147951},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147953,147875],{},[20,147955,147956,270],{},[15,147957,147947],{},[30,147959,147960,147966,147969,147972],{},[33,147961,147962,147963,147965],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147964,364],{}," appears in the tuple",[33,147967,147968],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[33,147970,147971],{},"Returns an integer",[33,147973,147974],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147976,147977,147978,147980,147981,3122,147985,620],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147979,57510],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[614,147982,147984],{"href":147983},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[614,147986,147988],{"href":147987},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[43,147990,147992],{"id":147991},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[48,147994,147996],{"className":50,"code":147995,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147997,147998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,147999,148000,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148001,148002],{"class":63},"my_tuple",[57,148004,620],{"class":71},[57,148006,41486],{"class":113},[57,148008,105],{"class":71},[57,148010,364],{"class":113},[57,148012,316],{"class":71},[30,148014,148015,148019,148022],{},[33,148016,148017,57675],{},[15,148018,364],{},[33,148020,148021],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[33,148023,148024,148025],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,148026,1294],{},[943,148028,103103],{"id":103102},[48,148030,148032],{"className":50,"code":148031,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,148033,148034,148074,148098],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148035,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148037,13306],{"class":63},[57,148039,68],{"class":67},[57,148041,9463],{"class":71},[57,148043,170],{"class":169},[57,148045,13323],{"class":173},[57,148047,170],{"class":169},[57,148049,79],{"class":71},[57,148051,181],{"class":169},[57,148053,13340],{"class":173},[57,148055,170],{"class":169},[57,148057,79],{"class":71},[57,148059,181],{"class":169},[57,148061,13323],{"class":173},[57,148063,170],{"class":169},[57,148065,79],{"class":71},[57,148067,181],{"class":169},[57,148069,17686],{"class":173},[57,148071,170],{"class":169},[57,148073,316],{"class":71},[57,148075,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148077,102],{"class":101},[57,148079,105],{"class":71},[57,148081,17733],{"class":113},[57,148083,620],{"class":71},[57,148085,41486],{"class":113},[57,148087,105],{"class":71},[57,148089,170],{"class":169},[57,148091,13323],{"class":173},[57,148093,170],{"class":169},[57,148095,5592],{"class":71},[57,148097,57865],{"class":3903},[57,148099,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108,148110,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,148101,102],{"class":101},[57,148103,105],{"class":71},[57,148105,17733],{"class":113},[57,148107,620],{"class":71},[57,148109,41486],{"class":113},[57,148111,105],{"class":71},[57,148113,170],{"class":169},[57,148115,22754],{"class":173},[57,148117,170],{"class":169},[57,148119,5592],{"class":71},[57,148121,51468],{"class":3903},[20,148123,238],{},[30,148125,148126,148131],{},[33,148127,148128,148130],{},[15,148129,65610],{}," appears 2 times",[33,148132,148133,148135,148136],{},[15,148134,109799],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148137,1294],{},[43,148139,11703],{"id":11702},[20,148141,148142],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[48,148144,148146],{"className":50,"code":148145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148147,148148,148196,148200,148222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148149,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148151,36471],{"class":63},[57,148153,68],{"class":67},[57,148155,9463],{"class":71},[57,148157,170],{"class":169},[57,148159,174],{"class":173},[57,148161,170],{"class":169},[57,148163,79],{"class":71},[57,148165,181],{"class":169},[57,148167,184],{"class":173},[57,148169,170],{"class":169},[57,148171,79],{"class":71},[57,148173,181],{"class":169},[57,148175,174],{"class":173},[57,148177,170],{"class":169},[57,148179,79],{"class":71},[57,148181,181],{"class":169},[57,148183,33451],{"class":173},[57,148185,170],{"class":169},[57,148187,79],{"class":71},[57,148189,181],{"class":169},[57,148191,174],{"class":173},[57,148193,170],{"class":169},[57,148195,316],{"class":71},[57,148197,148198],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148199,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,148201,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,148203,1336],{"class":63},[57,148205,68],{"class":67},[57,148207,53070],{"class":63},[57,148209,620],{"class":71},[57,148211,41486],{"class":113},[57,148213,105],{"class":71},[57,148215,170],{"class":169},[57,148217,174],{"class":173},[57,148219,170],{"class":169},[57,148221,316],{"class":71},[57,148223,148224,148226,148228,148230],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,148225,102],{"class":101},[57,148227,105],{"class":71},[57,148229,1368],{"class":113},[57,148231,316],{"class":71},[20,148233,216],{},[48,148235,148236],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,148237,148238],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148239,148240],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148241,46841],{"class":75},[20,148243,148244,148246,148247,2646,148249,620],{},[15,148245,58053],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148248,57510],{},[15,148250,76],{},[43,148252,38249],{"id":38248},[20,148254,57764,148255,128738],{},[15,148256,57510],{},[30,148258,148259,148264,148269,148272],{},[33,148260,11651,148261,148263],{},[15,148262,1294],{}," when the value does not exist",[33,148265,11651,148266,148268],{},[15,148267,3231],{}," when the value appears once",[33,148270,148271],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[33,148273,148274,148275,148277],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148276,7228],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148279,864],{},[48,148281,148283],{"className":50,"code":148282,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148284,148285,148326,148330,148357],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148286,148287,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148288,148289],{"class":63},"answers ",[57,148291,68],{"class":67},[57,148293,9463],{"class":71},[57,148295,170],{"class":169},[57,148297,8885],{"class":173},[57,148299,170],{"class":169},[57,148301,79],{"class":71},[57,148303,181],{"class":169},[57,148305,8825],{"class":173},[57,148307,170],{"class":169},[57,148309,79],{"class":71},[57,148311,181],{"class":169},[57,148313,8885],{"class":173},[57,148315,170],{"class":169},[57,148317,79],{"class":71},[57,148319,181],{"class":169},[57,148321,8885],{"class":173},[57,148323,170],{"class":169},[57,148325,316],{"class":71},[57,148327,148328],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148329,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,148331,148332,148334,148337,148339,148341,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,148333,7228],{"class":1962},[57,148335,148336],{"class":63}," answers",[57,148338,620],{"class":71},[57,148340,41486],{"class":113},[57,148342,105],{"class":71},[57,148344,170],{"class":169},[57,148346,8885],{"class":173},[57,148348,170],{"class":169},[57,148350,1959],{"class":71},[57,148352,38624],{"class":67},[57,148354,5729],{"class":75},[57,148356,6623],{"class":71},[57,148358,148359,148361,148363,148365,148368,148370],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,148360,8296],{"class":101},[57,148362,105],{"class":71},[57,148364,170],{"class":169},[57,148366,148367],{"class":173},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[57,148369,170],{"class":169},[57,148371,316],{"class":71},[20,148373,216],{},[48,148375,148377],{"className":50,"code":148376,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148378,148379],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148380,148381,148384,148386,148388,148390,148393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148382,148383],{"class":63},"The answer ",[57,148385,3543],{"class":169},[57,148387,8885],{"class":173},[57,148389,3543],{"class":169},[57,148391,148392],{"class":63}," appears more than once",[57,148394,122382],{"class":71},[43,148396,41272],{"id":41271},[20,148398,35636,148399,104566],{},[15,148400,147875],{},[30,148402,148403,148406,148409,148412],{},[33,148404,148405],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[33,148407,148408],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[33,148410,148411],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[33,148413,148414],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148416,864],{},[48,148418,148420],{"className":50,"code":148419,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148421,148422,148450,148454,148476],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148423,148424,148426,148428,148430,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148425,459],{"class":63},[57,148427,68],{"class":67},[57,148429,9463],{"class":71},[57,148431,1561],{"class":75},[57,148433,79],{"class":71},[57,148435,1617],{"class":75},[57,148437,79],{"class":71},[57,148439,6234],{"class":75},[57,148441,79],{"class":71},[57,148443,1575],{"class":75},[57,148445,79],{"class":71},[57,148447,6234],{"class":75},[57,148449,316],{"class":71},[57,148451,148452],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148453,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,148455,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,148457,7228],{"class":1962},[57,148459,5343],{"class":63},[57,148461,620],{"class":71},[57,148463,41486],{"class":113},[57,148465,105],{"class":71},[57,148467,1561],{"class":75},[57,148469,1959],{"class":71},[57,148471,51509],{"class":67},[57,148473,87],{"class":75},[57,148475,6623],{"class":71},[57,148477,148478,148480,148482,148484,148487,148489],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,148479,8296],{"class":101},[57,148481,105],{"class":71},[57,148483,170],{"class":169},[57,148485,148486],{"class":173},"The score 10 is repeated.",[57,148488,170],{"class":169},[57,148490,316],{"class":71},[20,148492,216],{},[48,148494,148496],{"className":50,"code":148495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148497,148498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148499,148500,148503,148505,148507,148510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148501,148502],{"class":63},"The score ",[57,148504,1561],{"class":75},[57,148506,8324],{"class":67},[57,148508,148509],{"class":63}," repeated",[57,148511,122382],{"class":71},[43,148513,148515],{"id":148514},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148517,148518],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[30,148520,148521,148527,148532,148535],{},[33,148522,148523,148524,148526],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148525,57510],{}," still works because it only reads data",[33,148528,148529,148531],{},[15,148530,57510],{}," counts exact matches",[33,148533,148534],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[33,148536,148537,1242,148539,148541],{},[15,148538,3231],{},[15,148540,42385],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148543,864],{},[48,148545,148547],{"className":50,"code":148546,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148548,148549,148583,148587,148607,148631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148550,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148564,148566,148568,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148552,4061],{"class":63},[57,148554,68],{"class":67},[57,148556,9463],{"class":71},[57,148558,3231],{"class":75},[57,148560,79],{"class":71},[57,148562,148563],{"class":75}," 1.0",[57,148565,79],{"class":71},[57,148567,181],{"class":169},[57,148569,148570],{"class":173},"Cat",[57,148572,170],{"class":169},[57,148574,79],{"class":71},[57,148576,181],{"class":169},[57,148578,964],{"class":173},[57,148580,170],{"class":169},[57,148582,316],{"class":71},[57,148584,148585],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148586,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,148588,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,148590,102],{"class":101},[57,148592,105],{"class":71},[57,148594,5589],{"class":113},[57,148596,620],{"class":71},[57,148598,41486],{"class":113},[57,148600,105],{"class":71},[57,148602,3231],{"class":75},[57,148604,5592],{"class":71},[57,148606,51315],{"class":3903},[57,148608,148609,148611,148613,148615,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,148610,102],{"class":101},[57,148612,105],{"class":71},[57,148614,5589],{"class":113},[57,148616,620],{"class":71},[57,148618,41486],{"class":113},[57,148620,105],{"class":71},[57,148622,170],{"class":169},[57,148624,148570],{"class":173},[57,148626,170],{"class":169},[57,148628,5592],{"class":71},[57,148630,28010],{"class":3903},[57,148632,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,148634,102],{"class":101},[57,148636,105],{"class":71},[57,148638,5589],{"class":113},[57,148640,620],{"class":71},[57,148642,41486],{"class":113},[57,148644,105],{"class":71},[57,148646,170],{"class":169},[57,148648,964],{"class":173},[57,148650,170],{"class":169},[57,148652,5592],{"class":71},[57,148654,28010],{"class":3903},[20,148656,5389,148657,5392,148660,2053],{},[15,148658,148659],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148661,1788],{},[20,148663,9013,148664,5016,148667,148669],{},[15,148665,148666],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148668,3845],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[43,148671,1829],{"id":1828},[943,148673,443,148675,148677],{"id":148674},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148676,41486],{}," without parentheses",[20,148679,148680],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[48,148682,148684],{"className":50,"code":148683,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148685,148686,148710],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148687,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702,148704,148706,148708],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148689,64],{"class":63},[57,148691,68],{"class":67},[57,148693,9463],{"class":71},[57,148695,3231],{"class":75},[57,148697,79],{"class":71},[57,148699,87],{"class":75},[57,148701,79],{"class":71},[57,148703,87],{"class":75},[57,148705,79],{"class":71},[57,148707,1793],{"class":75},[57,148709,316],{"class":71},[57,148711,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148713,102],{"class":101},[57,148715,105],{"class":71},[57,148717,114],{"class":113},[57,148719,620],{"class":71},[57,148721,41486],{"class":1108},[57,148723,316],{"class":71},[20,148725,148726],{},"To call the method correctly:",[48,148728,148730],{"className":50,"code":148729,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148731,148732],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148733,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148735,102],{"class":101},[57,148737,105],{"class":71},[57,148739,114],{"class":113},[57,148741,620],{"class":71},[57,148743,41486],{"class":113},[57,148745,105],{"class":71},[57,148747,1788],{"class":75},[57,148749,117],{"class":71},[943,148751,1848,148752,8683,148754,3122,148756],{"id":58812},[15,148753,57510],{},[15,148755,3845],{},[15,148757,3914],{},[20,148759,148760,58823],{},[15,148761,57510],{},[48,148763,148765],{"className":50,"code":148764,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148766,148767,148799,148821,148825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148768,148769,148771,148773,148775,148777,148779,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148770,36322],{"class":63},[57,148772,68],{"class":67},[57,148774,9463],{"class":71},[57,148776,170],{"class":169},[57,148778,614],{"class":173},[57,148780,170],{"class":169},[57,148782,79],{"class":71},[57,148784,181],{"class":169},[57,148786,4993],{"class":173},[57,148788,170],{"class":169},[57,148790,79],{"class":71},[57,148792,181],{"class":169},[57,148794,614],{"class":173},[57,148796,170],{"class":169},[57,148798,316],{"class":71},[57,148800,148801,148803,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148802,1336],{"class":63},[57,148804,68],{"class":67},[57,148806,70310],{"class":63},[57,148808,620],{"class":71},[57,148810,41486],{"class":113},[57,148812,105],{"class":71},[57,148814,170],{"class":169},[57,148816,614],{"class":173},[57,148818,170],{"class":169},[57,148820,316],{"class":71},[57,148822,148823],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,148824,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,148826,148827,148829,148831,148833,148835],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,148828,102],{"class":101},[57,148830,105],{"class":71},[57,148832,1368],{"class":113},[57,148834,1959],{"class":71},[57,148836,51636],{"class":3903},[20,148838,148839,148840,148842],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148841,1969],{}," is often simpler:",[48,148844,148846],{"className":50,"code":148845,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148847,148848],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148849,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862,148864,148866],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148851,102],{"class":101},[57,148853,105],{"class":71},[57,148855,170],{"class":169},[57,148857,614],{"class":173},[57,148859,170],{"class":169},[57,148861,21404],{"class":1962},[57,148863,70310],{"class":113},[57,148865,1959],{"class":71},[57,148867,3904],{"class":3903},[943,148869,37434,148871,8932,148873],{"id":148870},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148872,147875],{},[15,148874,57515],{},[20,148876,148877],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148879,148880],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[943,148882,148884],{"id":148883},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148886,148887,148889],{},[15,148888,57510],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[48,148891,148893],{"className":50,"code":148892,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148894,148895,148928,148954],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,148896,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148909,148911,148913,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,148898,162],{"class":63},[57,148900,68],{"class":67},[57,148902,9463],{"class":71},[57,148904,170],{"class":169},[57,148906,174],{"class":173},[57,148908,170],{"class":169},[57,148910,79],{"class":71},[57,148912,181],{"class":169},[57,148914,148915],{"class":173},"pineapple",[57,148917,170],{"class":169},[57,148919,79],{"class":71},[57,148921,181],{"class":169},[57,148923,174],{"class":173},[57,148925,170],{"class":169},[57,148927,316],{"class":71},[57,148929,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938,148940,148942,148944,148947,148949,148951],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,148931,102],{"class":101},[57,148933,105],{"class":71},[57,148935,211],{"class":113},[57,148937,620],{"class":71},[57,148939,41486],{"class":113},[57,148941,105],{"class":71},[57,148943,170],{"class":169},[57,148945,148946],{"class":173},"app",[57,148948,170],{"class":169},[57,148950,5592],{"class":71},[57,148952,148953],{"class":3903},"    # 0\n",[57,148955,148956,148958,148960,148962,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974,148976],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,148957,102],{"class":101},[57,148959,105],{"class":71},[57,148961,211],{"class":113},[57,148963,620],{"class":71},[57,148965,41486],{"class":113},[57,148967,105],{"class":71},[57,148969,170],{"class":169},[57,148971,174],{"class":173},[57,148973,170],{"class":169},[57,148975,5592],{"class":71},[57,148977,51636],{"class":3903},[20,148979,148980,148983,148984,620],{},[15,148981,148982],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148985,1294],{},[43,148987,148989],{"id":148988},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148991,148992],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[30,148994,148995,149000,149009,149015],{},[33,148996,1806,148997,148999],{},[15,148998,1969],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[33,149001,1806,149002,149008],{},[614,149003,149005,149006],{"href":149004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,149007,59185],{}," to find the position of a value",[33,149010,1806,149011,149014],{},[15,149012,149013],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[33,149016,149017],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,149019,46265,149020,270],{},[15,149021,1969],{},[48,149023,149025],{"className":50,"code":149024,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,149026,149027,149047,149051,149067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149028,149029,149031,149033,149035,149037,149039,149041,149043,149045],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149030,64],{"class":63},[57,149032,68],{"class":67},[57,149034,9463],{"class":71},[57,149036,647],{"class":75},[57,149038,79],{"class":71},[57,149040,657],{"class":75},[57,149042,79],{"class":71},[57,149044,54355],{"class":75},[57,149046,316],{"class":71},[57,149048,149049],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149050,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,149052,149053,149055,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,149054,102],{"class":101},[57,149056,105],{"class":71},[57,149058,2280],{"class":75},[57,149060,21404],{"class":1962},[57,149062,4495],{"class":113},[57,149064,1959],{"class":71},[57,149066,44080],{"class":3903},[57,149068,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077,149079,149081],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,149070,102],{"class":101},[57,149072,105],{"class":71},[57,149074,2389],{"class":75},[57,149076,21404],{"class":1962},[57,149078,4495],{"class":113},[57,149080,1959],{"class":71},[57,149082,44097],{"class":3903},[20,149084,46265,149085,270],{},[15,149086,59185],{},[48,149088,149090],{"className":50,"code":149089,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149091,149092,149116],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149093,149094,149096,149098,149100,149102,149104,149106,149108,149110,149112,149114],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149095,64],{"class":63},[57,149097,68],{"class":67},[57,149099,9463],{"class":71},[57,149101,647],{"class":75},[57,149103,79],{"class":71},[57,149105,657],{"class":75},[57,149107,79],{"class":71},[57,149109,54355],{"class":75},[57,149111,79],{"class":71},[57,149113,657],{"class":75},[57,149115,316],{"class":71},[57,149117,149118,149120,149122,149124,149126,149128,149130,149132,149134],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149119,102],{"class":101},[57,149121,105],{"class":71},[57,149123,114],{"class":113},[57,149125,620],{"class":71},[57,149127,36077],{"class":113},[57,149129,105],{"class":71},[57,149131,2280],{"class":75},[57,149133,5592],{"class":71},[57,149135,28010],{"class":3903},[20,149137,149138,149140,149141,149143,149145],{},[15,149139,57510],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10073,149142],{},[15,149144,59185],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[43,149147,2011],{"id":2010},[943,149149,2015,149151,2018],{"id":149150},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149152,147875],{},[20,149154,149155],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[943,149157,12933,149159,149161],{"id":149158},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149160,147875],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149163,149164],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[943,149166,149168],{"id":149167},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149170,12140,149171,620],{},[15,149172,1294],{},[943,149174,2025,149176,149178],{"id":149175},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149177,147875],{}," count strings?",[20,149180,149181],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[943,149183,2119,149185,1242,149187,2053],{"id":149184},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149186,147875],{},[15,149188,149189],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149191,149192,149194,149195,149197],{},[15,149193,57510],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149196,59185],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[43,149199,2135],{"id":2134},[30,149201,149202,149206,149211,149218,149226],{},[33,149203,149204],{},[614,149205,147984],{"href":147983},[33,149207,149208],{},[614,149209,149210],{"href":147987},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[33,149212,149213],{},[614,149214,149215,149216,10968],{"href":149004},"Python tuple ",[15,149217,59185],{},[33,149219,149220],{},[614,149221,149223,149224],{"href":149222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149225,1033],{},[33,149227,149228],{},[614,149229,2162],{"href":2161},[2172,149231,149232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":149234},[149235,149237,149240,149241,149242,149243,149244,149252,149253,149264],{"id":147951,"depth":98,"text":149236},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147991,"depth":98,"text":147992,"children":149238},[149239],{"id":103102,"depth":120,"text":103103},{"id":11702,"depth":98,"text":11703},{"id":38248,"depth":98,"text":38249},{"id":41271,"depth":98,"text":41272},{"id":148514,"depth":98,"text":148515},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":149245},[149246,149248,149249,149251],{"id":148674,"depth":120,"text":149247},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58812,"depth":120,"text":59226},{"id":148870,"depth":120,"text":149250},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148883,"depth":120,"text":148884},{"id":148988,"depth":98,"text":148989},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":149254},[149255,149257,149259,149260,149262],{"id":149150,"depth":120,"text":149256},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149158,"depth":120,"text":149258},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149167,"depth":120,"text":149168},{"id":149175,"depth":120,"text":149261},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149184,"depth":120,"text":149263},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147862,"description":149265},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149272,"title":149273,"body":149274,"description":150961,"extension":2219,"meta":150962,"navigation":123,"path":150963,"seo":150964,"stem":150965,"__hash__":150966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149275,"toc":150924},[149276,149279,149282,149291,149293,149423,149425,149486,149492,149494,149514,149518,149521,149524,149559,149561,149582,149585,149624,149626,149651,149658,149662,149665,149702,149704,149727,149730,149733,149745,149751,149755,149758,149764,149805,149807,149830,149833,149874,149876,149903,149905,149922,149924,149941,149944,149948,149951,149953,149987,149989,150036,150040,150079,150083,150086,150143,150145,150186,150192,150198,150203,150205,150242,150244,150264,150266,150299,150301,150334,150337,150341,150374,150376,150401,150404,150406,150420,150427,150429,150432,150436,150439,150474,150477,150512,150516,150519,150558,150561,150600,150604,150606,150636,150639,150646,150648,150680,150683,150715,150718,150749,150751,150768,150772,150775,150839,150841,150845,150852,150856,150859,150863,150866,150870,150873,150878,150884,150886,150921],[10,149277,149273],{"id":149278},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149280,149281],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149283,149284,149285,3122,149289,620],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[614,149286,149288],{"href":149287},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[614,149290,147984],{"href":147983},[43,149292,46],{"id":45},[48,149294,149296],{"className":50,"code":149295,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149297,149298,149318,149327,149341,149377,149381,149391,149401,149412],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149299,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314,149316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149301,64],{"class":63},[57,149303,68],{"class":67},[57,149305,9463],{"class":71},[57,149307,3231],{"class":75},[57,149309,79],{"class":71},[57,149311,87],{"class":75},[57,149313,79],{"class":71},[57,149315,1793],{"class":75},[57,149317,316],{"class":71},[57,149319,149320,149322,149324],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149321,124848],{"class":63},[57,149323,68],{"class":67},[57,149325,149326],{"class":71}," ()\n",[57,149328,149329,149332,149334,149336,149338],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,149330,149331],{"class":63},"one_item ",[57,149333,68],{"class":67},[57,149335,9463],{"class":71},[57,149337,2389],{"class":75},[57,149339,149340],{"class":71},",)\n",[57,149342,149343,149346,149348,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,149344,149345],{"class":63},"from_list ",[57,149347,68],{"class":67},[57,149349,149350],{"class":1102}," tuple",[57,149352,1949],{"class":71},[57,149354,170],{"class":169},[57,149356,614],{"class":173},[57,149358,170],{"class":169},[57,149360,79],{"class":71},[57,149362,181],{"class":169},[57,149364,4993],{"class":173},[57,149366,170],{"class":169},[57,149368,79],{"class":71},[57,149370,181],{"class":169},[57,149372,9966],{"class":173},[57,149374,170],{"class":169},[57,149376,1975],{"class":71},[57,149378,149379],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,149380,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,149382,149383,149385,149387,149389],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,149384,102],{"class":101},[57,149386,105],{"class":71},[57,149388,114],{"class":113},[57,149390,316],{"class":71},[57,149392,149393,149395,149397,149399],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,149394,102],{"class":101},[57,149396,105],{"class":71},[57,149398,124899],{"class":113},[57,149400,316],{"class":71},[57,149402,149403,149405,149407,149410],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,149404,102],{"class":101},[57,149406,105],{"class":71},[57,149408,149409],{"class":113},"one_item",[57,149411,316],{"class":71},[57,149413,149414,149416,149418,149421],{"class":59,"line":6661},[57,149415,102],{"class":101},[57,149417,105],{"class":71},[57,149419,149420],{"class":113},"from_list",[57,149422,316],{"class":71},[20,149424,216],{},[48,149426,149428],{"className":50,"code":149427,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149429,149430,149446,149450,149458],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149431,149432,149434,149436,149438,149440,149442,149444],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149433,105],{"class":71},[57,149435,3231],{"class":75},[57,149437,79],{"class":71},[57,149439,87],{"class":75},[57,149441,79],{"class":71},[57,149443,1793],{"class":75},[57,149445,316],{"class":71},[57,149447,149448],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149449,8870],{"class":71},[57,149451,149452,149454,149456],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,149453,105],{"class":71},[57,149455,2389],{"class":75},[57,149457,149340],{"class":71},[57,149459,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,149461,105],{"class":71},[57,149463,3543],{"class":169},[57,149465,614],{"class":173},[57,149467,3543],{"class":169},[57,149469,79],{"class":71},[57,149471,3538],{"class":169},[57,149473,4993],{"class":173},[57,149475,3543],{"class":169},[57,149477,79],{"class":71},[57,149479,3538],{"class":169},[57,149481,9966],{"class":173},[57,149483,3543],{"class":169},[57,149485,316],{"class":71},[20,149487,149488,149489,620],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149490,149491],{},"(5,)",[43,149493,15393],{"id":15392},[30,149495,149496,149499,149502,149505,149508,149511],{},[33,149497,149498],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[33,149500,149501],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[33,149503,149504],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[33,149506,149507],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[33,149509,149510],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[33,149512,149513],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[43,149515,149517],{"id":149516},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149519,149520],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149522,149523],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[48,149525,149527],{"className":50,"code":149526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149528,149529,149549],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149530,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149532,64],{"class":63},[57,149534,68],{"class":67},[57,149536,9463],{"class":71},[57,149538,3231],{"class":75},[57,149540,79],{"class":71},[57,149542,87],{"class":75},[57,149544,79],{"class":71},[57,149546,1793],{"class":75},[57,149548,316],{"class":71},[57,149550,149551,149553,149555,149557],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149552,102],{"class":101},[57,149554,105],{"class":71},[57,149556,114],{"class":113},[57,149558,316],{"class":71},[20,149560,216],{},[48,149562,149564],{"className":50,"code":149563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149565,149566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149567,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149569,105],{"class":71},[57,149571,3231],{"class":75},[57,149573,79],{"class":71},[57,149575,87],{"class":75},[57,149577,79],{"class":71},[57,149579,1793],{"class":75},[57,149581,316],{"class":71},[20,149583,149584],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[48,149586,149588],{"className":50,"code":149587,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149589,149590,149614],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149591,149592,149594,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149593,9393],{"class":63},[57,149595,68],{"class":67},[57,149597,9463],{"class":71},[57,149599,3231],{"class":75},[57,149601,79],{"class":71},[57,149603,181],{"class":169},[57,149605,174],{"class":173},[57,149607,170],{"class":169},[57,149609,79],{"class":71},[57,149611,4150],{"class":1523},[57,149613,316],{"class":71},[57,149615,149616,149618,149620,149622],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149617,102],{"class":101},[57,149619,105],{"class":71},[57,149621,9431],{"class":113},[57,149623,316],{"class":71},[20,149625,216],{},[48,149627,149629],{"className":50,"code":149628,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149630,149631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149632,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149634,105],{"class":71},[57,149636,3231],{"class":75},[57,149638,79],{"class":71},[57,149640,3538],{"class":169},[57,149642,174],{"class":173},[57,149644,3543],{"class":169},[57,149646,79],{"class":71},[57,149648,4150],{"class":1523},[57,149650,316],{"class":71},[20,149652,149653,149654,620],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[614,149655,149657],{"href":149656},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[43,149659,149661],{"id":149660},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149663,149664],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[48,149666,149668],{"className":50,"code":149667,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149669,149670,149678,149688],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149671,149672,149674,149676],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149673,124848],{"class":63},[57,149675,68],{"class":67},[57,149677,149326],{"class":71},[57,149679,149680,149682,149684,149686],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149681,102],{"class":101},[57,149683,105],{"class":71},[57,149685,124899],{"class":113},[57,149687,316],{"class":71},[57,149689,149690,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,149691,102],{"class":101},[57,149693,105],{"class":71},[57,149695,1886],{"class":1102},[57,149697,105],{"class":71},[57,149699,124899],{"class":113},[57,149701,117],{"class":71},[20,149703,216],{},[48,149705,149707],{"className":50,"code":149706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149708,149709,149713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149710,149711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149712,8870],{"class":71},[57,149714,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149716,3532],{"class":67},[57,149718,3535],{"class":1208},[57,149720,3538],{"class":169},[57,149722,49174],{"class":173},[57,149724,3543],{"class":169},[57,149726,3546],{"class":67},[20,149728,149729],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149731,149732],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[30,149734,149735,149740],{},[33,149736,149737,149738],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149739,1475],{},[33,149741,149742,149743],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149744,4025],{},[20,149746,149747,149748,620],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[614,149749,149750],{"href":57373},"Python list: creating a list",[43,149752,149754],{"id":149753},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149756,149757],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149759,149760,149761,149763],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[1399,149762,1401],{}," automatically a tuple:",[48,149765,149767],{"className":50,"code":149766,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149768,149769,149781,149791],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149770,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149772,2696],{"class":63},[57,149774,68],{"class":67},[57,149776,9463],{"class":71},[57,149778,2389],{"class":75},[57,149780,316],{"class":71},[57,149782,149783,149785,149787,149789],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149784,102],{"class":101},[57,149786,105],{"class":71},[57,149788,364],{"class":113},[57,149790,316],{"class":71},[57,149792,149793,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,149794,102],{"class":101},[57,149796,105],{"class":71},[57,149798,1886],{"class":1102},[57,149800,105],{"class":71},[57,149802,364],{"class":113},[57,149804,117],{"class":71},[20,149806,216],{},[48,149808,149810],{"className":50,"code":149809,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149811,149812,149816],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149813,149814],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149815,3190],{"class":75},[57,149817,149818,149820,149822,149824,149826,149828],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149819,3532],{"class":67},[57,149821,3535],{"class":1208},[57,149823,3538],{"class":169},[57,149825,2440],{"class":173},[57,149827,3543],{"class":169},[57,149829,3546],{"class":67},[20,149831,149832],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[48,149834,149836],{"className":50,"code":149835,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149837,149838,149850,149860],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149839,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149841,149331],{"class":63},[57,149843,68],{"class":67},[57,149845,9463],{"class":71},[57,149847,2389],{"class":75},[57,149849,149340],{"class":71},[57,149851,149852,149854,149856,149858],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149853,102],{"class":101},[57,149855,105],{"class":71},[57,149857,149409],{"class":113},[57,149859,316],{"class":71},[57,149861,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,149863,102],{"class":101},[57,149865,105],{"class":71},[57,149867,1886],{"class":1102},[57,149869,105],{"class":71},[57,149871,149409],{"class":113},[57,149873,117],{"class":71},[20,149875,216],{},[48,149877,149879],{"className":50,"code":149878,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149880,149881,149889],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149882,149883,149885,149887],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149884,105],{"class":71},[57,149886,2389],{"class":75},[57,149888,149340],{"class":71},[57,149890,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899,149901],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149892,3532],{"class":67},[57,149894,3535],{"class":1208},[57,149896,3538],{"class":169},[57,149898,49174],{"class":173},[57,149900,3543],{"class":169},[57,149902,3546],{"class":67},[20,149904,16885],{},[48,149906,149908],{"className":50,"code":149907,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149909,149910],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149911,149912,149914,149916,149918,149920],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149913,105],{"class":71},[57,149915,170],{"class":169},[57,149917,174],{"class":173},[57,149919,170],{"class":169},[57,149921,149340],{"class":71},[20,149923,16873],{},[48,149925,149927],{"className":50,"code":149926,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149928,149929],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149930,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149932,105],{"class":71},[57,149934,170],{"class":169},[57,149936,174],{"class":173},[57,149938,170],{"class":169},[57,149940,316],{"class":71},[20,149942,149943],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[43,149945,149947],{"id":149946},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149949,149950],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[943,149952,56681],{"id":114},[48,149954,149955],{"className":50,"code":149526,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,149956,149957,149977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149958,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149960,64],{"class":63},[57,149962,68],{"class":67},[57,149964,9463],{"class":71},[57,149966,3231],{"class":75},[57,149968,79],{"class":71},[57,149970,87],{"class":75},[57,149972,79],{"class":71},[57,149974,1793],{"class":75},[57,149976,316],{"class":71},[57,149978,149979,149981,149983,149985],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,149980,102],{"class":101},[57,149982,105],{"class":71},[57,149984,114],{"class":113},[57,149986,316],{"class":71},[943,149988,56684],{"id":5539},[48,149990,149992],{"className":50,"code":149991,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149993,149994,150026],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,149995,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,149997,13306],{"class":63},[57,149999,68],{"class":67},[57,150001,9463],{"class":71},[57,150003,170],{"class":169},[57,150005,13323],{"class":173},[57,150007,170],{"class":169},[57,150009,79],{"class":71},[57,150011,181],{"class":169},[57,150013,17686],{"class":173},[57,150015,170],{"class":169},[57,150017,79],{"class":71},[57,150019,181],{"class":169},[57,150021,13340],{"class":173},[57,150023,170],{"class":169},[57,150025,316],{"class":71},[57,150027,150028,150030,150032,150034],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150029,102],{"class":101},[57,150031,105],{"class":71},[57,150033,17733],{"class":113},[57,150035,316],{"class":71},[943,150037,150039],{"id":150038},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[48,150041,150043],{"className":50,"code":150042,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150044,150045,150069],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150046,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150048,59690],{"class":63},[57,150050,68],{"class":67},[57,150052,9463],{"class":71},[57,150054,3231],{"class":75},[57,150056,79],{"class":71},[57,150058,181],{"class":169},[57,150060,174],{"class":173},[57,150062,170],{"class":169},[57,150064,79],{"class":71},[57,150066,4150],{"class":1523},[57,150068,316],{"class":71},[57,150070,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150072,102],{"class":101},[57,150074,105],{"class":71},[57,150076,59743],{"class":113},[57,150078,316],{"class":71},[943,150080,150082],{"id":150081},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150084,150085],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[48,150087,150089],{"className":50,"code":150088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150090,150091,150132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150092,150093,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128,150130],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150094,150095],{"class":63},"nested ",[57,150097,68],{"class":67},[57,150099,9463],{"class":71},[57,150101,3231],{"class":75},[57,150103,79],{"class":71},[57,150105,9463],{"class":71},[57,150107,170],{"class":169},[57,150109,614],{"class":173},[57,150111,170],{"class":169},[57,150113,79],{"class":71},[57,150115,181],{"class":169},[57,150117,4993],{"class":173},[57,150119,170],{"class":169},[57,150121,9460],{"class":71},[57,150123,72],{"class":71},[57,150125,1561],{"class":75},[57,150127,79],{"class":71},[57,150129,1617],{"class":75},[57,150131,1975],{"class":71},[57,150133,150134,150136,150138,150141],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150135,102],{"class":101},[57,150137,105],{"class":71},[57,150139,150140],{"class":113},"nested",[57,150142,316],{"class":71},[20,150144,216],{},[48,150146,150148],{"className":50,"code":150147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150149,150150],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150151,150152,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170,150172,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150153,105],{"class":71},[57,150155,3231],{"class":75},[57,150157,79],{"class":71},[57,150159,9463],{"class":71},[57,150161,3543],{"class":169},[57,150163,614],{"class":173},[57,150165,3543],{"class":169},[57,150167,79],{"class":71},[57,150169,3538],{"class":169},[57,150171,4993],{"class":173},[57,150173,3543],{"class":169},[57,150175,9460],{"class":71},[57,150177,72],{"class":71},[57,150179,1561],{"class":75},[57,150181,79],{"class":71},[57,150183,1617],{"class":75},[57,150185,1975],{"class":71},[43,150187,150189,150190],{"id":150188},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150191,38275],{},[20,150193,150194,150195,150197],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150196,38275],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150199,150200,150201,620],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[614,150202,63436],{"href":63435},[943,150204,105243],{"id":105242},[48,150206,150208],{"className":50,"code":150207,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150209,150210,150232],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150211,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150213,64],{"class":63},[57,150215,68],{"class":67},[57,150217,149350],{"class":1102},[57,150219,1949],{"class":71},[57,150221,3231],{"class":75},[57,150223,79],{"class":71},[57,150225,87],{"class":75},[57,150227,79],{"class":71},[57,150229,1793],{"class":75},[57,150231,1975],{"class":71},[57,150233,150234,150236,150238,150240],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150235,102],{"class":101},[57,150237,105],{"class":71},[57,150239,114],{"class":113},[57,150241,316],{"class":71},[20,150243,216],{},[48,150245,150246],{"className":50,"code":149563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150247,150248],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150249,150250,150252,150254,150256,150258,150260,150262],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150251,105],{"class":71},[57,150253,3231],{"class":75},[57,150255,79],{"class":71},[57,150257,87],{"class":75},[57,150259,79],{"class":71},[57,150261,1793],{"class":75},[57,150263,316],{"class":71},[943,150265,105429],{"id":105428},[48,150267,150269],{"className":50,"code":150268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150270,150271,150289],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150272,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150274,36322],{"class":63},[57,150276,68],{"class":67},[57,150278,149350],{"class":1102},[57,150280,105],{"class":71},[57,150282,170],{"class":169},[57,150284,41787],{"class":173},[57,150286,170],{"class":169},[57,150288,316],{"class":71},[57,150290,150291,150293,150295,150297],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150292,102],{"class":101},[57,150294,105],{"class":71},[57,150296,36375],{"class":113},[57,150298,316],{"class":71},[20,150300,216],{},[48,150302,150304],{"className":50,"code":150303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150305,150306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150307,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316,150318,150320,150322,150324,150326,150328,150330,150332],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150309,105],{"class":71},[57,150311,3543],{"class":169},[57,150313,614],{"class":173},[57,150315,3543],{"class":169},[57,150317,79],{"class":71},[57,150319,3538],{"class":169},[57,150321,4993],{"class":173},[57,150323,3543],{"class":169},[57,150325,79],{"class":71},[57,150327,3538],{"class":169},[57,150329,9966],{"class":173},[57,150331,3543],{"class":169},[57,150333,316],{"class":71},[20,150335,150336],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[943,150338,150340],{"id":150339},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[48,150342,150344],{"className":50,"code":150343,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150345,150346,150364],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150347,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150349,4061],{"class":63},[57,150351,68],{"class":67},[57,150353,149350],{"class":1102},[57,150355,105],{"class":71},[57,150357,60216],{"class":101},[57,150359,105],{"class":71},[57,150361,647],{"class":75},[57,150363,117],{"class":71},[57,150365,150366,150368,150370,150372],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150367,102],{"class":101},[57,150369,105],{"class":71},[57,150371,5589],{"class":113},[57,150373,316],{"class":71},[20,150375,216],{},[48,150377,150379],{"className":50,"code":150378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150380,150381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150382,150383,150385,150387,150389,150391,150393,150395,150397,150399],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150384,105],{"class":71},[57,150386,1294],{"class":75},[57,150388,79],{"class":71},[57,150390,5729],{"class":75},[57,150392,79],{"class":71},[57,150394,87],{"class":75},[57,150396,79],{"class":71},[57,150398,1793],{"class":75},[57,150400,316],{"class":71},[20,150402,150403],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[43,150405,21031],{"id":21030},[30,150407,150408,150411,150414,150417],{},[33,150409,150410],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[33,150412,150413],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[33,150415,150416],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[33,150418,150419],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150421,150422,150423,620],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[614,150424,150426],{"href":150425},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[43,150428,1829],{"id":1828},[20,150430,150431],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[943,150433,150435],{"id":150434},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150437,150438],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[48,150440,150442],{"className":50,"code":150441,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150443,150444,150460],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150445,150446,150448,150450,150452,150454,150456,150458],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150447,28769],{"class":63},[57,150449,68],{"class":67},[57,150451,9463],{"class":71},[57,150453,170],{"class":169},[57,150455,174],{"class":173},[57,150457,170],{"class":169},[57,150459,316],{"class":71},[57,150461,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150463,102],{"class":101},[57,150465,105],{"class":71},[57,150467,1886],{"class":1102},[57,150469,105],{"class":71},[57,150471,23541],{"class":113},[57,150473,117],{"class":71},[20,150475,150476],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[48,150478,150480],{"className":50,"code":150479,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150481,150482,150498],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150483,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492,150494,150496],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150485,28769],{"class":63},[57,150487,68],{"class":67},[57,150489,9463],{"class":71},[57,150491,170],{"class":169},[57,150493,174],{"class":173},[57,150495,170],{"class":169},[57,150497,149340],{"class":71},[57,150499,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150501,102],{"class":101},[57,150503,105],{"class":71},[57,150505,1886],{"class":1102},[57,150507,105],{"class":71},[57,150509,23541],{"class":113},[57,150511,117],{"class":71},[943,150513,150515],{"id":150514},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150517,150518],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[48,150520,150522],{"className":50,"code":150521,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150523,150524,150544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150525,150526,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538,150540,150542],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150527,4061],{"class":63},[57,150529,68],{"class":67},[57,150531,72],{"class":71},[57,150533,3231],{"class":75},[57,150535,79],{"class":71},[57,150537,87],{"class":75},[57,150539,79],{"class":71},[57,150541,1793],{"class":75},[57,150543,95],{"class":71},[57,150545,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150547,102],{"class":101},[57,150549,105],{"class":71},[57,150551,1886],{"class":1102},[57,150553,105],{"class":71},[57,150555,5589],{"class":113},[57,150557,117],{"class":71},[20,150559,150560],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[48,150562,150564],{"className":50,"code":150563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150565,150566,150586],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150567,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578,150580,150582,150584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150569,4061],{"class":63},[57,150571,68],{"class":67},[57,150573,9463],{"class":71},[57,150575,3231],{"class":75},[57,150577,79],{"class":71},[57,150579,87],{"class":75},[57,150581,79],{"class":71},[57,150583,1793],{"class":75},[57,150585,316],{"class":71},[57,150587,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150589,102],{"class":101},[57,150591,105],{"class":71},[57,150593,1886],{"class":1102},[57,150595,105],{"class":71},[57,150597,5589],{"class":113},[57,150599,117],{"class":71},[943,150601,150603],{"id":150602},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150605,150416],{},[48,150607,150609],{"className":50,"code":150608,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150610,150611,150631],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150612,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627,150629],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150614,64],{"class":63},[57,150616,68],{"class":67},[57,150618,9463],{"class":71},[57,150620,3231],{"class":75},[57,150622,79],{"class":71},[57,150624,87],{"class":75},[57,150626,79],{"class":71},[57,150628,1793],{"class":75},[57,150630,316],{"class":71},[57,150632,150633],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150634,150635],{"class":3903},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150637,150638],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[943,150640,37434,150642,150645],{"id":150641},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150643,150644],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150647,64862],{},[48,150649,150650],{"className":50,"code":150268,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150651,150652,150670],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150653,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150655,36322],{"class":63},[57,150657,68],{"class":67},[57,150659,149350],{"class":1102},[57,150661,105],{"class":71},[57,150663,170],{"class":169},[57,150665,41787],{"class":173},[57,150667,170],{"class":169},[57,150669,316],{"class":71},[57,150671,150672,150674,150676,150678],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150673,102],{"class":101},[57,150675,105],{"class":71},[57,150677,36375],{"class":113},[57,150679,316],{"class":71},[20,150681,150682],{},"gives:",[48,150684,150685],{"className":50,"code":150303,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,150686,150687],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150688,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709,150711,150713],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150690,105],{"class":71},[57,150692,3543],{"class":169},[57,150694,614],{"class":173},[57,150696,3543],{"class":169},[57,150698,79],{"class":71},[57,150700,3538],{"class":169},[57,150702,4993],{"class":173},[57,150704,3543],{"class":169},[57,150706,79],{"class":71},[57,150708,3538],{"class":169},[57,150710,9966],{"class":173},[57,150712,3543],{"class":169},[57,150714,316],{"class":71},[20,150716,150717],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[48,150719,150721],{"className":50,"code":150720,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150722,150723,150739],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150724,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735,150737],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150726,6384],{"class":63},[57,150728,68],{"class":67},[57,150730,9463],{"class":71},[57,150732,170],{"class":169},[57,150734,41787],{"class":173},[57,150736,170],{"class":169},[57,150738,149340],{"class":71},[57,150740,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150742,102],{"class":101},[57,150744,105],{"class":71},[57,150746,38619],{"class":113},[57,150748,316],{"class":71},[20,150750,216],{},[48,150752,150754],{"className":50,"code":150753,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('abc',)\n",[15,150755,150756],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150757,150758,150760,150762,150764,150766],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150759,105],{"class":71},[57,150761,3543],{"class":169},[57,150763,41787],{"class":173},[57,150765,3543],{"class":169},[57,150767,149340],{"class":71},[943,150769,150771],{"id":150770},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150773,150774],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[48,150776,150778],{"className":50,"code":150777,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150779,150780,150797,150801,150811,150825],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,150781,150782,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,150783,150784],{"class":63},"my_tuple ",[57,150786,68],{"class":67},[57,150788,9463],{"class":71},[57,150790,170],{"class":169},[57,150792,174],{"class":173},[57,150794,170],{"class":169},[57,150796,149340],{"class":71},[57,150798,150799],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,150800,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,150802,150803,150805,150807,150809],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,150804,102],{"class":101},[57,150806,105],{"class":71},[57,150808,148002],{"class":113},[57,150810,316],{"class":71},[57,150812,150813,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,150814,102],{"class":101},[57,150816,105],{"class":71},[57,150818,1886],{"class":1102},[57,150820,105],{"class":71},[57,150822,148002],{"class":113},[57,150824,117],{"class":71},[57,150826,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,150828,102],{"class":101},[57,150830,105],{"class":71},[57,150832,1007],{"class":101},[57,150834,105],{"class":71},[57,150836,148002],{"class":113},[57,150838,117],{"class":71},[43,150840,2011],{"id":2010},[943,150842,150844],{"id":150843},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150846,150847,150848,150851],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150849,150850],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[943,150853,150855],{"id":150854},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150857,150858],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[943,150860,150862],{"id":150861},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150864,150865],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[943,150867,150869],{"id":150868},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150871,150872],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[943,150874,2015,150876,12945],{"id":150875},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150877,150644],{},[20,150879,5379,150880,150883],{},[15,150881,150882],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[43,150885,2135],{"id":2134},[30,150887,150888,150892,150896,150902,150907,150912,150916],{},[33,150889,150890],{},[614,150891,147984],{"href":147983},[33,150893,150894],{},[614,150895,149657],{"href":149656},[33,150897,150898],{},[614,150899,150901],{"href":150900},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[33,150903,150904],{},[614,150905,150906],{"href":149222},"Python tuple length with len()",[33,150908,150909],{},[614,150910,150911],{"href":149287},"What is a tuple in Python?",[33,150913,150914],{},[614,150915,63436],{"href":63435},[33,150917,150918],{},[614,150919,150920],{"href":150425},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2172,150922,150923],{},"html 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.slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":150925},[150926,150927,150928,150929,150930,150931,150937,150943,150944,150952,150960],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":15392,"depth":98,"text":15393},{"id":149516,"depth":98,"text":149517},{"id":149660,"depth":98,"text":149661},{"id":149753,"depth":98,"text":149754},{"id":149946,"depth":98,"text":149947,"children":150932},[150933,150934,150935,150936],{"id":114,"depth":120,"text":56681},{"id":5539,"depth":120,"text":56684},{"id":150038,"depth":120,"text":150039},{"id":150081,"depth":120,"text":150082},{"id":150188,"depth":98,"text":150938,"children":150939},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150940,150941,150942],{"id":105242,"depth":120,"text":105243},{"id":105428,"depth":120,"text":105429},{"id":150339,"depth":120,"text":150340},{"id":21030,"depth":98,"text":21031},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":150945},[150946,150947,150948,150949,150951],{"id":150434,"depth":120,"text":150435},{"id":150514,"depth":120,"text":150515},{"id":150602,"depth":120,"text":150603},{"id":150641,"depth":120,"text":150950},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150770,"depth":120,"text":150771},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":150953},[150954,150955,150956,150957,150958],{"id":150843,"depth":120,"text":150844},{"id":150854,"depth":120,"text":150855},{"id":150861,"depth":120,"text":150862},{"id":150868,"depth":120,"text":150869},{"id":150875,"depth":120,"text":150959},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149273,"description":150961},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150968,"title":150969,"body":150970,"description":152515,"extension":2219,"meta":152516,"navigation":123,"path":152517,"seo":152518,"stem":152519,"__hash__":152520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150971,"toc":152485},[150972,150975,150980,150982,150995,151001,151003,151070,151072,151107,151112,151116,151120,151122,151133,151141,151143,151145,151166,151168,151188,151191,151193,151198,151241,151243,151265,151268,151281,151285,151289,151292,151345,151347,151368,151373,151377,151380,151425,151427,151460,151472,151476,151484,151521,151523,151552,151556,151559,151612,151614,151634,151641,151645,151650,151719,151721,151746,151750,151753,151759,151836,151838,151897,151899,151911,151916,151920,151924,151938,151940,151975,151977,151994,151997,152010,152014,152018,152029,152034,152049,152052,152055,152057,152060,152064,152066,152080,152082,152106,152111,152115,152118,152137,152140,152189,152194,152211,152214,152247,152251,152253,152304,152307,152332,152335,152358,152362,152368,152370,152405,152408,152413,152415,152419,152422,152426,152431,152435,152438,152442,152445,152449,152454,152456,152482],[10,150973,150969],{"id":150974},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150976,22,150977,150979],{},[15,150978,38275],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150981,28],{},[30,150983,150984,150989],{},[33,150985,150986,150988],{},[15,150987,38275],{}," creates an empty tuple",[33,150990,150991,150994],{},[15,150992,150993],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150996,150997,150998,151000],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150999,38275],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[43,151002,46],{"id":45},[48,151004,151006],{"className":50,"code":151005,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,151007,151008,151028,151042,151046,151056],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151009,151010,151012,151014,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151011,64],{"class":63},[57,151013,68],{"class":67},[57,151015,72],{"class":71},[57,151017,3231],{"class":75},[57,151019,79],{"class":71},[57,151021,87],{"class":75},[57,151023,79],{"class":71},[57,151025,1793],{"class":75},[57,151027,95],{"class":71},[57,151029,151030,151032,151034,151036,151038,151040],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151031,1336],{"class":63},[57,151033,68],{"class":67},[57,151035,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151037,105],{"class":71},[57,151039,114],{"class":113},[57,151041,316],{"class":71},[57,151043,151044],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151045,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151047,151048,151050,151052,151054],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,151049,102],{"class":101},[57,151051,105],{"class":71},[57,151053,1368],{"class":113},[57,151055,316],{"class":71},[57,151057,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,151059,102],{"class":101},[57,151061,105],{"class":71},[57,151063,1886],{"class":1102},[57,151065,105],{"class":71},[57,151067,1368],{"class":113},[57,151069,117],{"class":71},[20,151071,216],{},[48,151073,151075],{"className":50,"code":151074,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151076,151077,151093],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151078,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087,151089,151091],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151080,105],{"class":71},[57,151082,3231],{"class":75},[57,151084,79],{"class":71},[57,151086,87],{"class":75},[57,151088,79],{"class":71},[57,151090,1793],{"class":75},[57,151092,316],{"class":71},[57,151094,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151096,3532],{"class":67},[57,151098,3535],{"class":1208},[57,151100,3538],{"class":169},[57,151102,49174],{"class":173},[57,151104,3543],{"class":169},[57,151106,3546],{"class":67},[20,151108,1806,151109,151111],{},[15,151110,150993],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[43,151113,151115],{"id":151114},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151117,151118,63144],{},[15,151119,38275],{},[20,151121,49148],{},[30,151123,151124,151127,151130],{},[33,151125,151126],{},"creates a tuple object",[33,151128,151129],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[33,151131,151132],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151134,151135,151136,151138,151139,620],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[614,151137,149288],{"href":149287}," or the full guide to ",[614,151140,147984],{"href":147983},[43,151142,294],{"id":293},[20,151144,26718],{},[48,151146,151148],{"className":50,"code":151147,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151149,151150,151156],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151151,151152,151154],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151153,49174],{"class":1102},[57,151155,8870],{"class":71},[57,151157,151158,151160,151162,151164],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151159,49174],{"class":1102},[57,151161,105],{"class":71},[57,151163,313],{"class":113},[57,151165,316],{"class":71},[20,151167,11686],{},[30,151169,151170,151173],{},[33,151171,151172],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[33,151174,151175,151176],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[30,151177,151178,151180,151182,151184,151186],{},[33,151179,5530],{},[33,151181,5539],{},[33,151183,63215],{},[33,151185,5536],{},[33,151187,7481],{},[20,151189,151190],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[43,151192,149661],{"id":149660},[20,151194,1837,151195,151197],{},[15,151196,38275],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[48,151199,151201],{"className":50,"code":151200,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151202,151203,151213,151217,151227],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151204,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151206,124848],{"class":63},[57,151208,68],{"class":67},[57,151210,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151212,8870],{"class":71},[57,151214,151215],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151216,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151218,151219,151221,151223,151225],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151220,102],{"class":101},[57,151222,105],{"class":71},[57,151224,124899],{"class":113},[57,151226,316],{"class":71},[57,151228,151229,151231,151233,151235,151237,151239],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,151230,102],{"class":101},[57,151232,105],{"class":71},[57,151234,1886],{"class":1102},[57,151236,105],{"class":71},[57,151238,124899],{"class":113},[57,151240,117],{"class":71},[20,151242,216],{},[48,151244,151245],{"className":50,"code":149706,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,151246,151247,151251],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151248,151249],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151250,8870],{"class":71},[57,151252,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151254,3532],{"class":67},[57,151256,3535],{"class":1208},[57,151258,3538],{"class":169},[57,151260,49174],{"class":173},[57,151262,3543],{"class":169},[57,151264,3546],{"class":67},[20,151266,151267],{},"This is equivalent to:",[48,151269,151271],{"className":50,"code":151270,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty = ()\n",[15,151272,151273],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151274,151275,151277,151279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151276,124848],{"class":63},[57,151278,68],{"class":67},[57,151280,149326],{"class":71},[43,151282,151284],{"id":151283},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[943,151286,151288],{"id":151287},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151290,151291],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[48,151293,151295],{"className":50,"code":151294,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151296,151297,151317,151331,151335],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151298,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151300,64],{"class":63},[57,151302,68],{"class":67},[57,151304,72],{"class":71},[57,151306,1561],{"class":75},[57,151308,79],{"class":71},[57,151310,1617],{"class":75},[57,151312,79],{"class":71},[57,151314,1575],{"class":75},[57,151316,95],{"class":71},[57,151318,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151320,1336],{"class":63},[57,151322,68],{"class":67},[57,151324,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151326,105],{"class":71},[57,151328,114],{"class":113},[57,151330,316],{"class":71},[57,151332,151333],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151334,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151336,151337,151339,151341,151343],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,151338,102],{"class":101},[57,151340,105],{"class":71},[57,151342,1368],{"class":113},[57,151344,316],{"class":71},[20,151346,216],{},[48,151348,151350],{"className":50,"code":151349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151351,151352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151353,151354,151356,151358,151360,151362,151364,151366],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151355,105],{"class":71},[57,151357,1561],{"class":75},[57,151359,79],{"class":71},[57,151361,1617],{"class":75},[57,151363,79],{"class":71},[57,151365,1575],{"class":75},[57,151367,316],{"class":71},[20,151369,151370,151371,620],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[614,151372,105048],{"href":60273},[943,151374,151376],{"id":151375},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151378,151379],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[48,151381,151383],{"className":50,"code":151382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151384,151385,151397,151411,151415],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151386,151387,151389,151391,151393,151395],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151388,34918],{"class":63},[57,151390,68],{"class":67},[57,151392,181],{"class":169},[57,151394,964],{"class":173},[57,151396,3602],{"class":169},[57,151398,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151400,1336],{"class":63},[57,151402,68],{"class":67},[57,151404,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151406,105],{"class":71},[57,151408,1222],{"class":113},[57,151410,316],{"class":71},[57,151412,151413],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151414,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151416,151417,151419,151421,151423],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,151418,102],{"class":101},[57,151420,105],{"class":71},[57,151422,1368],{"class":113},[57,151424,316],{"class":71},[20,151426,216],{},[48,151428,151430],{"className":50,"code":151429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151431,151432],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151433,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151435,105],{"class":71},[57,151437,3543],{"class":169},[57,151439,9966],{"class":173},[57,151441,3543],{"class":169},[57,151443,79],{"class":71},[57,151445,3538],{"class":169},[57,151447,614],{"class":173},[57,151449,3543],{"class":169},[57,151451,79],{"class":71},[57,151453,3538],{"class":169},[57,151455,63505],{"class":173},[57,151457,3543],{"class":169},[57,151459,316],{"class":71},[20,151461,151462,151463,14284,151466,151468,151469,620],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151464,151465],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[1399,151467,1401],{}," create ",[15,151470,151471],{},"('cat',)",[943,151473,151475],{"id":151474},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151477,151478,151480,151481,151483],{},[15,151479,36430],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151482,38275],{}," collects them all.",[48,151485,151487],{"className":50,"code":151486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151488,151489,151507,151511],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151490,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151492,1336],{"class":63},[57,151494,68],{"class":67},[57,151496,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151498,105],{"class":71},[57,151500,60216],{"class":101},[57,151502,105],{"class":71},[57,151504,2389],{"class":75},[57,151506,117],{"class":71},[57,151508,151509],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151510,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151512,151513,151515,151517,151519],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151514,102],{"class":101},[57,151516,105],{"class":71},[57,151518,1368],{"class":113},[57,151520,316],{"class":71},[20,151522,216],{},[48,151524,151526],{"className":50,"code":151525,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151527,151528],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151529,151530,151532,151534,151536,151538,151540,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151531,105],{"class":71},[57,151533,1294],{"class":75},[57,151535,79],{"class":71},[57,151537,5729],{"class":75},[57,151539,79],{"class":71},[57,151541,87],{"class":75},[57,151543,79],{"class":71},[57,151545,1793],{"class":75},[57,151547,79],{"class":71},[57,151549,2706],{"class":75},[57,151551,316],{"class":71},[943,151553,151555],{"id":151554},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151557,151558],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[48,151560,151562],{"className":50,"code":151561,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151563,151564,151584,151598,151602],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151565,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576,151578,151580,151582],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151567,4061],{"class":63},[57,151569,68],{"class":67},[57,151571,10718],{"class":71},[57,151573,3231],{"class":75},[57,151575,79],{"class":71},[57,151577,87],{"class":75},[57,151579,79],{"class":71},[57,151581,1793],{"class":75},[57,151583,9536],{"class":71},[57,151585,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151587,1336],{"class":63},[57,151589,68],{"class":67},[57,151591,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151593,105],{"class":71},[57,151595,5589],{"class":113},[57,151597,316],{"class":71},[57,151599,151600],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151601,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151603,151604,151606,151608,151610],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,151605,102],{"class":101},[57,151607,105],{"class":71},[57,151609,1368],{"class":113},[57,151611,316],{"class":71},[20,151613,216],{},[48,151615,151616],{"className":50,"code":149563,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,151617,151618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151619,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151621,105],{"class":71},[57,151623,3231],{"class":75},[57,151625,79],{"class":71},[57,151627,87],{"class":75},[57,151629,79],{"class":71},[57,151631,1793],{"class":75},[57,151633,316],{"class":71},[20,151635,151636,151637,620],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[614,151638,151640],{"href":151639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[943,151642,151644],{"id":151643},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151646,63758,151647,151649],{},[15,151648,38275],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[48,151651,151653],{"className":50,"code":151652,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151654,151655,151691,151705,151709],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151656,151657,151659,151661,151663,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687,151689],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151658,13435],{"class":63},[57,151660,68],{"class":67},[57,151662,10718],{"class":71},[57,151664,170],{"class":169},[57,151666,7898],{"class":173},[57,151668,170],{"class":169},[57,151670,270],{"class":71},[57,151672,181],{"class":169},[57,151674,13110],{"class":173},[57,151676,170],{"class":169},[57,151678,79],{"class":71},[57,151680,181],{"class":169},[57,151682,9526],{"class":173},[57,151684,170],{"class":169},[57,151686,270],{"class":71},[57,151688,9533],{"class":75},[57,151690,9536],{"class":71},[57,151692,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151694,1336],{"class":63},[57,151696,68],{"class":67},[57,151698,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151700,105],{"class":71},[57,151702,17537],{"class":113},[57,151704,316],{"class":71},[57,151706,151707],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151708,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151710,151711,151713,151715,151717],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,151712,102],{"class":101},[57,151714,105],{"class":71},[57,151716,1368],{"class":113},[57,151718,316],{"class":71},[20,151720,30259],{},[48,151722,151724],{"className":50,"code":151723,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151725,151726],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151727,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151729,105],{"class":71},[57,151731,3543],{"class":169},[57,151733,7898],{"class":173},[57,151735,3543],{"class":169},[57,151737,79],{"class":71},[57,151739,3538],{"class":169},[57,151741,9526],{"class":173},[57,151743,3543],{"class":169},[57,151745,316],{"class":71},[43,151747,151749],{"id":151748},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151751,151752],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151754,151755,151758],{},[15,151756,151757],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[48,151760,151762],{"className":50,"code":151761,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151763,151764,151800,151804,151818],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151765,151766,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792,151794,151796,151798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151767,13435],{"class":63},[57,151769,68],{"class":67},[57,151771,10718],{"class":71},[57,151773,170],{"class":169},[57,151775,7898],{"class":173},[57,151777,170],{"class":169},[57,151779,270],{"class":71},[57,151781,181],{"class":169},[57,151783,13110],{"class":173},[57,151785,170],{"class":169},[57,151787,79],{"class":71},[57,151789,181],{"class":169},[57,151791,9526],{"class":173},[57,151793,170],{"class":169},[57,151795,270],{"class":71},[57,151797,9533],{"class":75},[57,151799,9536],{"class":71},[57,151801,151802],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151803,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,151805,151806,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,151807,102],{"class":101},[57,151809,105],{"class":71},[57,151811,49174],{"class":1102},[57,151813,105],{"class":71},[57,151815,17537],{"class":113},[57,151817,117],{"class":71},[57,151819,151820,151822,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,151821,102],{"class":101},[57,151823,105],{"class":71},[57,151825,49174],{"class":1102},[57,151827,105],{"class":71},[57,151829,17537],{"class":113},[57,151831,620],{"class":71},[57,151833,1199],{"class":113},[57,151835,6520],{"class":71},[20,151837,216],{},[48,151839,151841],{"className":50,"code":151840,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151842,151843,151863],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151844,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151846,105],{"class":71},[57,151848,3543],{"class":169},[57,151850,7898],{"class":173},[57,151852,3543],{"class":169},[57,151854,79],{"class":71},[57,151856,3538],{"class":169},[57,151858,9526],{"class":173},[57,151860,3543],{"class":169},[57,151862,316],{"class":71},[57,151864,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151866,5742],{"class":71},[57,151868,3543],{"class":169},[57,151870,7898],{"class":173},[57,151872,3543],{"class":169},[57,151874,79],{"class":71},[57,151876,3538],{"class":169},[57,151878,13110],{"class":173},[57,151880,3543],{"class":169},[57,151882,9460],{"class":71},[57,151884,9463],{"class":71},[57,151886,3543],{"class":169},[57,151888,9526],{"class":173},[57,151890,3543],{"class":169},[57,151892,79],{"class":71},[57,151894,9533],{"class":75},[57,151896,117],{"class":71},[20,151898,18926],{},[30,151900,151901,151906],{},[33,151902,151903,151905],{},[15,151904,151757],{}," for keys",[33,151907,151908,32787],{},[15,151909,151910],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151912,151913,151914,620],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[614,151915,63768],{"href":63767},[43,151917,151919],{"id":151918},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151921,151922,18550],{},[15,151923,38275],{},[30,151925,151926,151929,151932,151935],{},[33,151927,151928],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[33,151930,151931],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[33,151933,151934],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[33,151936,151937],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151939,864],{},[48,151941,151943],{"className":50,"code":151942,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151944,151945,151964],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151946,151947,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151948,151949],{"class":63},"coordinates ",[57,151951,68],{"class":67},[57,151953,149350],{"class":1102},[57,151955,1949],{"class":71},[57,151957,647],{"class":75},[57,151959,79],{"class":71},[57,151961,657],{"class":75},[57,151963,1975],{"class":71},[57,151965,151966,151968,151970,151973],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,151967,102],{"class":101},[57,151969,105],{"class":71},[57,151971,151972],{"class":113},"coordinates",[57,151974,316],{"class":71},[20,151976,216],{},[48,151978,151980],{"className":50,"code":151979,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151981,151982],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,151983,151984,151986,151988,151990,151992],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,151985,105],{"class":71},[57,151987,647],{"class":75},[57,151989,79],{"class":71},[57,151991,657],{"class":75},[57,151993,316],{"class":71},[20,151995,151996],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[30,151998,151999,152001,152004,152007],{},[33,152000,151972],{},[33,152002,152003],{},"RGB colors",[33,152005,152006],{},"dates",[33,152008,152009],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[43,152011,152013],{"id":152012},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,152015,44654,152016,10828],{},[15,152017,38275],{},[30,152019,152020,152023,152026],{},[33,152021,152022],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[33,152024,152025],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[33,152027,152028],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,152030,116475,152031,152033],{},[1399,152032,1401],{}," work:",[48,152035,152037],{"className":50,"code":152036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152038,152039],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152040,152041,152043,152045,152047],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152042,49174],{"class":1102},[57,152044,105],{"class":71},[57,152046,2389],{"class":75},[57,152048,316],{"class":71},[20,152050,152051],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152053,152054],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[43,152056,115313],{"id":115312},[20,152058,152059],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[943,152061,152063],{"id":152062},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152065,3080],{},[48,152067,152068],{"className":50,"code":152036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152069,152070],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152071,152072,152074,152076,152078],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152073,49174],{"class":1102},[57,152075,105],{"class":71},[57,152077,2389],{"class":75},[57,152079,316],{"class":71},[20,152081,1459],{},[48,152083,152084],{"className":50,"code":63872,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152085,152086],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152087,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152089,1539],{"class":1102},[57,152091,270],{"class":71},[57,152093,3538],{"class":169},[57,152095,2440],{"class":173},[57,152097,3543],{"class":169},[57,152099,24848],{"class":1102},[57,152101,8324],{"class":67},[57,152103,8327],{"class":67},[57,152105,63895],{"class":63},[20,152107,152108,152109,620],{},"If you see this, read ",[614,152110,62509],{"href":52818},[943,152112,152114],{"id":152113},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152116,152117],{},"This code:",[48,152119,152121],{"className":50,"code":152120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152122,152123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152124,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133,152135],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152126,49174],{"class":1102},[57,152128,105],{"class":71},[57,152130,170],{"class":169},[57,152132,4084],{"class":173},[57,152134,170],{"class":169},[57,152136,316],{"class":71},[20,152138,152139],{},"returns:",[48,152141,152143],{"className":50,"code":152142,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152144,152145],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152146,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152148,105],{"class":71},[57,152150,3543],{"class":169},[57,152152,60656],{"class":173},[57,152154,3543],{"class":169},[57,152156,79],{"class":71},[57,152158,3538],{"class":169},[57,152160,60665],{"class":173},[57,152162,3543],{"class":169},[57,152164,79],{"class":71},[57,152166,3538],{"class":169},[57,152168,60674],{"class":173},[57,152170,3543],{"class":169},[57,152172,79],{"class":71},[57,152174,3538],{"class":169},[57,152176,60674],{"class":173},[57,152178,3543],{"class":169},[57,152180,79],{"class":71},[57,152182,3538],{"class":169},[57,152184,60691],{"class":173},[57,152186,3543],{"class":169},[57,152188,316],{"class":71},[20,152190,1397,152191,152193],{},[1399,152192,1401],{}," return:",[48,152195,152197],{"className":50,"code":152196,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('hello',)\n",[15,152198,152199],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152200,152201,152203,152205,152207,152209],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152202,105],{"class":71},[57,152204,3543],{"class":169},[57,152206,4084],{"class":173},[57,152208,3543],{"class":169},[57,152210,149340],{"class":71},[20,152212,152213],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[48,152215,152217],{"className":50,"code":152216,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152218,152219,152236],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152220,152221,152224,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152222,152223],{"class":63},"single ",[57,152225,68],{"class":67},[57,152227,9463],{"class":71},[57,152229,170],{"class":169},[57,152231,4084],{"class":173},[57,152233,170],{"class":169},[57,152235,149340],{"class":71},[57,152237,152238,152240,152242,152245],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,152239,102],{"class":101},[57,152241,105],{"class":71},[57,152243,152244],{"class":113},"single",[57,152246,316],{"class":71},[943,152248,152250],{"id":152249},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152252,152117],{},[48,152254,152256],{"className":50,"code":152255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152257,152258,152290],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152259,152260,152262,152264,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284,152286,152288],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152261,9393],{"class":63},[57,152263,68],{"class":67},[57,152265,10718],{"class":71},[57,152267,170],{"class":169},[57,152269,614],{"class":173},[57,152271,170],{"class":169},[57,152273,270],{"class":71},[57,152275,5729],{"class":75},[57,152277,79],{"class":71},[57,152279,181],{"class":169},[57,152281,4993],{"class":173},[57,152283,170],{"class":169},[57,152285,270],{"class":71},[57,152287,87],{"class":75},[57,152289,9536],{"class":71},[57,152291,152292,152294,152296,152298,152300,152302],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,152293,102],{"class":101},[57,152295,105],{"class":71},[57,152297,49174],{"class":1102},[57,152299,105],{"class":71},[57,152301,9431],{"class":113},[57,152303,117],{"class":71},[20,152305,152306],{},"returns only the keys:",[48,152308,152310],{"className":50,"code":152309,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152311,152312],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152313,152314,152316,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152315,105],{"class":71},[57,152317,3543],{"class":169},[57,152319,614],{"class":173},[57,152321,3543],{"class":169},[57,152323,79],{"class":71},[57,152325,3538],{"class":169},[57,152327,4993],{"class":173},[57,152329,3543],{"class":169},[57,152331,316],{"class":71},[20,152333,152334],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[48,152336,152338],{"className":50,"code":152337,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152339,152340],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152341,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152343,102],{"class":101},[57,152345,105],{"class":71},[57,152347,49174],{"class":1102},[57,152349,105],{"class":71},[57,152351,9431],{"class":113},[57,152353,620],{"class":71},[57,152355,1199],{"class":113},[57,152357,6520],{"class":71},[943,152359,152361],{"id":152360},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152363,152364,152365,152367],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152366,38275],{}," conversion.",[20,152369,5703],{},[48,152371,152373],{"className":50,"code":152372,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152374,152375,152395],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152376,152377,152379,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152378,2696],{"class":63},[57,152380,68],{"class":67},[57,152382,9463],{"class":71},[57,152384,3231],{"class":75},[57,152386,79],{"class":71},[57,152388,87],{"class":75},[57,152390,79],{"class":71},[57,152392,1793],{"class":75},[57,152394,316],{"class":71},[57,152396,152397,152399,152401,152403],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,152398,102],{"class":101},[57,152400,105],{"class":71},[57,152402,364],{"class":113},[57,152404,316],{"class":71},[20,152406,152407],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152409,25736,152410,152412],{},[15,152411,38275],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[43,152414,2011],{"id":2010},[943,152416,152418],{"id":152417},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152420,152421],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[943,152423,152425],{"id":152424},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152427,152428,152429,620],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152430,1475],{},[943,152432,152434],{"id":152433},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152436,152437],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[943,152439,152441],{"id":152440},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152443,152444],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[943,152446,152448],{"id":152447},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152450,152451,152452,620],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152453,1539],{},[43,152455,2135],{"id":2134},[30,152457,152458,152462,152466,152470,152474,152478],{},[33,152459,152460],{},[614,152461,147984],{"href":147983},[33,152463,152464],{},[614,152465,150911],{"href":149287},[33,152467,152468],{},[614,152469,105048],{"href":60273},[33,152471,152472],{},[614,152473,151640],{"href":151639},[33,152475,152476],{},[614,152477,63768],{"href":63767},[33,152479,152480],{},[614,152481,62509],{"href":52818},[2172,152483,152484],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":152486},[152487,152488,152489,152490,152491,152498,152499,152500,152501,152507,152514],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":151114,"depth":98,"text":151115},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":149660,"depth":98,"text":149661},{"id":151283,"depth":98,"text":151284,"children":152492},[152493,152494,152495,152496,152497],{"id":151287,"depth":120,"text":151288},{"id":151375,"depth":120,"text":151376},{"id":151474,"depth":120,"text":151475},{"id":151554,"depth":120,"text":151555},{"id":151643,"depth":120,"text":151644},{"id":151748,"depth":98,"text":151749},{"id":151918,"depth":98,"text":151919},{"id":152012,"depth":98,"text":152013},{"id":115312,"depth":98,"text":115313,"children":152502},[152503,152504,152505,152506],{"id":152062,"depth":120,"text":152063},{"id":152113,"depth":120,"text":152114},{"id":152249,"depth":120,"text":152250},{"id":152360,"depth":120,"text":152361},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":152508},[152509,152510,152511,152512,152513],{"id":152417,"depth":120,"text":152418},{"id":152424,"depth":120,"text":152425},{"id":152433,"depth":120,"text":152434},{"id":152440,"depth":120,"text":152441},{"id":152447,"depth":120,"text":152448},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150969,"description":152515},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152522,"title":152523,"body":152524,"description":153937,"extension":2219,"meta":153938,"navigation":123,"path":153939,"seo":153940,"stem":153941,"__hash__":153942},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152525,"toc":153909},[152526,152531,152536,152539,152541,152620,152626,152631,152635,152650,152652,152699,152701,152709,152717,152723,152725,152730,152750,152753,152780,152782,152806,152808,152950,152952,152956,152964,152967,152969,153046,153048,153056,153060,153064,153074,153084,153086,153091,153093,153152,153157,153159,153259,153261,153275,153280,153286,153293,153296,153298,153408,153412,153429,153431,153494,153496,153504,153516,153520,153525,153553,153556,153638,153640,153651,153653,153657,153684,153686,153688,153768,153776,153778,153833,153835,153840,153843,153847,153851,153853,153857,153861,153869,153876,153879,153881,153906],[10,152527,147868,152529,11549],{"id":152528},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152530,59185],{},[20,152532,152533,152535],{},[15,152534,149189],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152537,152538],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[43,152540,46],{"id":45},[48,152542,152544],{"className":50,"code":152543,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152545,152546,152586,152608],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152547,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152549,13306],{"class":63},[57,152551,68],{"class":67},[57,152553,9463],{"class":71},[57,152555,170],{"class":169},[57,152557,13323],{"class":173},[57,152559,170],{"class":169},[57,152561,79],{"class":71},[57,152563,181],{"class":169},[57,152565,13340],{"class":173},[57,152567,170],{"class":169},[57,152569,79],{"class":71},[57,152571,181],{"class":169},[57,152573,17686],{"class":173},[57,152575,170],{"class":169},[57,152577,79],{"class":71},[57,152579,181],{"class":169},[57,152581,13340],{"class":173},[57,152583,170],{"class":169},[57,152585,316],{"class":71},[57,152587,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,152589,65138],{"class":63},[57,152591,68],{"class":67},[57,152593,13354],{"class":63},[57,152595,620],{"class":71},[57,152597,36077],{"class":113},[57,152599,105],{"class":71},[57,152601,170],{"class":169},[57,152603,13340],{"class":173},[57,152605,170],{"class":169},[57,152607,316],{"class":71},[57,152609,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,152611,102],{"class":101},[57,152613,105],{"class":71},[57,152615,65165],{"class":113},[57,152617,1959],{"class":71},[57,152619,28010],{"class":3903},[20,152621,152622,152625],{},[15,152623,152624],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[43,152627,262,152629,265],{"id":152628},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152630,149189],{},[20,152632,935,152633,11640],{},[15,152634,59185],{},[30,152636,152637,152640,152642,152645],{},[33,152638,152639],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[33,152641,128466],{},[33,152643,152644],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[33,152646,152647,152648],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152649,1294],{},[20,152651,864],{},[48,152653,152655],{"className":50,"code":152654,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152656,152657,152681],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152658,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667,152669,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152660,64],{"class":63},[57,152662,68],{"class":67},[57,152664,9463],{"class":71},[57,152666,1561],{"class":75},[57,152668,79],{"class":71},[57,152670,1617],{"class":75},[57,152672,79],{"class":71},[57,152674,1575],{"class":75},[57,152676,79],{"class":71},[57,152678,1617],{"class":75},[57,152680,316],{"class":71},[57,152682,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,152684,102],{"class":101},[57,152686,105],{"class":71},[57,152688,114],{"class":113},[57,152690,620],{"class":71},[57,152692,36077],{"class":113},[57,152694,105],{"class":71},[57,152696,1568],{"class":75},[57,152698,117],{"class":71},[20,152700,216],{},[48,152702,152703],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,152704,152705],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152706,152707],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152708,47141],{"class":75},[20,152710,21208,152711,152713,152714,152716],{},[15,152712,1568],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152715,59185],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152718,151135,152719,620],{},[614,152720,152722],{"href":152721},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[43,152724,294],{"id":293},[20,152726,7993,152727,152729],{},[15,152728,59185],{}," in two ways:",[48,152731,152733],{"className":50,"code":152732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152734,152735],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152736,152737,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152738,152739],{"class":63},"tuple_name",[57,152741,620],{"class":71},[57,152743,36077],{"class":113},[57,152745,105],{"class":71},[57,152747,364],{"class":113},[57,152749,316],{"class":71},[20,152751,152752],{},"or:",[48,152754,152756],{"className":50,"code":152755,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152757,152758],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152759,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770,152772,152774,152776,152778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152761,152739],{"class":63},[57,152763,620],{"class":71},[57,152765,36077],{"class":113},[57,152767,105],{"class":71},[57,152769,364],{"class":113},[57,152771,79],{"class":71},[57,152773,36283],{"class":113},[57,152775,79],{"class":71},[57,152777,65259],{"class":113},[57,152779,316],{"class":71},[943,152781,17625],{"id":17624},[30,152783,152784,152789,152794,152799],{},[33,152785,152786,152788],{},[15,152787,364],{}," — the item to search for",[33,152790,152791,152793],{},[15,152792,36304],{}," — optional starting position",[33,152795,152796,152798],{},[15,152797,52879],{}," — optional ending position",[33,152800,152801,5016,152803,152805],{},[15,152802,52879],{},[1399,152804,65288],{}," in the search",[20,152807,864],{},[48,152809,152811],{"className":50,"code":152810,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152812,152813,152861,152865,152890,152918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152814,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843,152845,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152816,36322],{"class":63},[57,152818,68],{"class":67},[57,152820,9463],{"class":71},[57,152822,170],{"class":169},[57,152824,614],{"class":173},[57,152826,170],{"class":169},[57,152828,79],{"class":71},[57,152830,181],{"class":169},[57,152832,4993],{"class":173},[57,152834,170],{"class":169},[57,152836,79],{"class":71},[57,152838,181],{"class":169},[57,152840,9966],{"class":173},[57,152842,170],{"class":169},[57,152844,79],{"class":71},[57,152846,181],{"class":169},[57,152848,4993],{"class":173},[57,152850,170],{"class":169},[57,152852,79],{"class":71},[57,152854,181],{"class":169},[57,152856,18999],{"class":173},[57,152858,170],{"class":169},[57,152860,316],{"class":71},[57,152862,152863],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,152864,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,152866,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879,152881,152883,152885,152887],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,152868,102],{"class":101},[57,152870,105],{"class":71},[57,152872,36375],{"class":113},[57,152874,620],{"class":71},[57,152876,36077],{"class":113},[57,152878,105],{"class":71},[57,152880,170],{"class":169},[57,152882,4993],{"class":173},[57,152884,170],{"class":169},[57,152886,5592],{"class":71},[57,152888,152889],{"class":3903},"        # 1\n",[57,152891,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,152893,102],{"class":101},[57,152895,105],{"class":71},[57,152897,36375],{"class":113},[57,152899,620],{"class":71},[57,152901,36077],{"class":113},[57,152903,105],{"class":71},[57,152905,170],{"class":169},[57,152907,4993],{"class":173},[57,152909,170],{"class":169},[57,152911,79],{"class":71},[57,152913,87],{"class":75},[57,152915,5592],{"class":71},[57,152917,51139],{"class":3903},[57,152919,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,152921,102],{"class":101},[57,152923,105],{"class":71},[57,152925,36375],{"class":113},[57,152927,620],{"class":71},[57,152929,36077],{"class":113},[57,152931,105],{"class":71},[57,152933,170],{"class":169},[57,152935,4993],{"class":173},[57,152937,170],{"class":169},[57,152939,79],{"class":71},[57,152941,5729],{"class":75},[57,152943,79],{"class":71},[57,152945,1793],{"class":75},[57,152947,5592],{"class":71},[57,152949,28010],{"class":3903},[43,152951,103375],{"id":103374},[20,152953,152954,25739],{},[15,152955,149189],{},[30,152957,152958,152961],{},[33,152959,152960],{},"An integer",[33,152962,152963],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152965,152966],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152968,864],{},[48,152970,152972],{"className":50,"code":152971,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152973,152974,153014,153036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,152975,152976,152978,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,152977,108474],{"class":63},[57,152979,68],{"class":67},[57,152981,9463],{"class":71},[57,152983,170],{"class":169},[57,152985,964],{"class":173},[57,152987,170],{"class":169},[57,152989,79],{"class":71},[57,152991,181],{"class":169},[57,152993,982],{"class":173},[57,152995,170],{"class":169},[57,152997,79],{"class":71},[57,152999,181],{"class":169},[57,153001,58363],{"class":173},[57,153003,170],{"class":169},[57,153005,79],{"class":71},[57,153007,181],{"class":169},[57,153009,982],{"class":173},[57,153011,170],{"class":169},[57,153013,316],{"class":71},[57,153015,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153017,1336],{"class":63},[57,153019,68],{"class":67},[57,153021,108517],{"class":63},[57,153023,620],{"class":71},[57,153025,36077],{"class":113},[57,153027,105],{"class":71},[57,153029,170],{"class":169},[57,153031,982],{"class":173},[57,153033,170],{"class":169},[57,153035,316],{"class":71},[57,153037,153038,153040,153042,153044],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,153039,102],{"class":101},[57,153041,105],{"class":71},[57,153043,1368],{"class":113},[57,153045,316],{"class":71},[20,153047,216],{},[48,153049,153050],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,153051,153052],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153053,153054],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153055,47141],{"class":75},[43,153057,153059],{"id":153058},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153061,1806,153062,10828],{},[15,153063,149189],{},[30,153065,153066,153068,153071],{},[33,153067,66315],{},[33,153069,153070],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[33,153072,153073],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153075,153076,153077,153080,153081,620],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153078,153079],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[614,153082,149657],{"href":153083},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[43,153085,65848],{"id":65847},[20,153087,153088,153089,620],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153090,1420],{},[20,153092,864],{},[48,153094,153096],{"className":50,"code":153095,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153097,153098,153130],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153099,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122,153124,153126,153128],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153101,13306],{"class":63},[57,153103,68],{"class":67},[57,153105,9463],{"class":71},[57,153107,170],{"class":169},[57,153109,13323],{"class":173},[57,153111,170],{"class":169},[57,153113,79],{"class":71},[57,153115,181],{"class":169},[57,153117,13340],{"class":173},[57,153119,170],{"class":169},[57,153121,79],{"class":71},[57,153123,181],{"class":169},[57,153125,17686],{"class":173},[57,153127,170],{"class":169},[57,153129,316],{"class":71},[57,153131,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148,153150],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153133,102],{"class":101},[57,153135,105],{"class":71},[57,153137,17733],{"class":113},[57,153139,620],{"class":71},[57,153141,36077],{"class":113},[57,153143,105],{"class":71},[57,153145,170],{"class":169},[57,153147,22754],{"class":173},[57,153149,170],{"class":169},[57,153151,117],{"class":71},[20,153153,39882,153154,153156],{},[15,153155,109799],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153158,65923],{},[48,153160,153162],{"className":50,"code":153161,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153163,153164,153196,153200,153216,153238,153244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153165,153166,153168,153170,153172,153174,153176,153178,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153167,13306],{"class":63},[57,153169,68],{"class":67},[57,153171,9463],{"class":71},[57,153173,170],{"class":169},[57,153175,13323],{"class":173},[57,153177,170],{"class":169},[57,153179,79],{"class":71},[57,153181,181],{"class":169},[57,153183,13340],{"class":173},[57,153185,170],{"class":169},[57,153187,79],{"class":71},[57,153189,181],{"class":169},[57,153191,17686],{"class":173},[57,153193,170],{"class":169},[57,153195,316],{"class":71},[57,153197,153198],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153199,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,153201,153202,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,153203,7228],{"class":1962},[57,153205,181],{"class":169},[57,153207,22754],{"class":173},[57,153209,170],{"class":169},[57,153211,21404],{"class":67},[57,153213,13354],{"class":63},[57,153215,6623],{"class":71},[57,153217,153218,153220,153222,153224,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,153219,8296],{"class":101},[57,153221,105],{"class":71},[57,153223,17733],{"class":113},[57,153225,620],{"class":71},[57,153227,36077],{"class":113},[57,153229,105],{"class":71},[57,153231,170],{"class":169},[57,153233,22754],{"class":173},[57,153235,170],{"class":169},[57,153237,117],{"class":71},[57,153239,153240,153242],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,153241,27664],{"class":1962},[57,153243,6623],{"class":71},[57,153245,153246,153248,153250,153252,153255,153257],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,153247,8296],{"class":101},[57,153249,105],{"class":71},[57,153251,170],{"class":169},[57,153253,153254],{"class":173},"Value not found",[57,153256,170],{"class":169},[57,153258,316],{"class":71},[20,153260,216],{},[48,153262,153264],{"className":50,"code":153263,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Value not found\n",[15,153265,153266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153267,153268,153271,153273],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153269,153270],{"class":63},"Value ",[57,153272,1401],{"class":67},[57,153274,66047],{"class":63},[20,153276,153277,153278,620],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[614,153279,1533],{"href":66056},[43,153281,443,153282,1242,153284],{"id":65624},[15,153283,36304],{},[15,153285,52879],{},[20,153287,935,153288,1242,153290,153292],{},[15,153289,36304],{},[15,153291,52879],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153294,153295],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153297,864],{},[48,153299,153301],{"className":50,"code":153300,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153302,153303,153331,153335,153356,153380],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153304,153305,153307,153309,153311,153313,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153306,4061],{"class":63},[57,153308,68],{"class":67},[57,153310,9463],{"class":71},[57,153312,2389],{"class":75},[57,153314,79],{"class":71},[57,153316,6234],{"class":75},[57,153318,79],{"class":71},[57,153320,92],{"class":75},[57,153322,79],{"class":71},[57,153324,1617],{"class":75},[57,153326,79],{"class":71},[57,153328,92],{"class":75},[57,153330,316],{"class":71},[57,153332,153333],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153334,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,153336,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,153338,102],{"class":101},[57,153340,105],{"class":71},[57,153342,5589],{"class":113},[57,153344,620],{"class":71},[57,153346,36077],{"class":113},[57,153348,105],{"class":71},[57,153350,2389],{"class":75},[57,153352,5592],{"class":71},[57,153354,153355],{"class":3903},"        # 0\n",[57,153357,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,153359,102],{"class":101},[57,153361,105],{"class":71},[57,153363,5589],{"class":113},[57,153365,620],{"class":71},[57,153367,36077],{"class":113},[57,153369,105],{"class":71},[57,153371,2389],{"class":75},[57,153373,79],{"class":71},[57,153375,5729],{"class":75},[57,153377,5592],{"class":71},[57,153379,51173],{"class":3903},[57,153381,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392,153394,153396,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,153383,102],{"class":101},[57,153385,105],{"class":71},[57,153387,5589],{"class":113},[57,153389,620],{"class":71},[57,153391,36077],{"class":113},[57,153393,105],{"class":71},[57,153395,2389],{"class":75},[57,153397,79],{"class":71},[57,153399,1793],{"class":75},[57,153401,79],{"class":71},[57,153403,92],{"class":75},[57,153405,5592],{"class":71},[57,153407,51156],{"class":3903},[943,153409,153411],{"id":153410},"how-it-works","How it works",[30,153413,153414,153419,153424],{},[33,153415,153416,153418],{},[15,153417,36304],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[33,153420,153421,153423],{},[15,153422,52879],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[33,153425,935,153426,153428],{},[15,153427,52879],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153430,864],{},[48,153432,153434],{"className":50,"code":153433,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153435,153436,153464,153468],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153437,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448,153450,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153439,4061],{"class":63},[57,153441,68],{"class":67},[57,153443,9463],{"class":71},[57,153445,2389],{"class":75},[57,153447,79],{"class":71},[57,153449,6234],{"class":75},[57,153451,79],{"class":71},[57,153453,92],{"class":75},[57,153455,79],{"class":71},[57,153457,1617],{"class":75},[57,153459,79],{"class":71},[57,153461,92],{"class":75},[57,153463,316],{"class":71},[57,153465,153466],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153467,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,153469,153470,153472,153474,153476,153478,153480,153482,153484,153486,153488,153490,153492],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,153471,102],{"class":101},[57,153473,105],{"class":71},[57,153475,5589],{"class":113},[57,153477,620],{"class":71},[57,153479,36077],{"class":113},[57,153481,105],{"class":71},[57,153483,2389],{"class":75},[57,153485,79],{"class":71},[57,153487,5729],{"class":75},[57,153489,79],{"class":71},[57,153491,2706],{"class":75},[57,153493,117],{"class":71},[20,153495,216],{},[48,153497,153498],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,153499,153500],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153501,153502],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153503,17286],{"class":75},[20,153505,153506,153507,2441,153509,17302,153511,153513,153514,620],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153508,3231],{},[15,153510,1788],{},[15,153512,76],{},", but not ",[15,153515,647],{},[43,153517,153519],{"id":153518},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153521,153522,153523,270],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153524,149189],{},[30,153526,153527,153535,153540,153547],{},[33,153528,153529,153530,153532,153533],{},"Do not confuse the ",[1399,153531,364],{}," with the ",[1399,153534,36077],{},[33,153536,153537,153538],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153539,1294],{},[33,153541,1806,153542,153546],{},[614,153543,149215,153544,10968],{"href":149267},[15,153545,57510],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[33,153548,153549,153550,153552],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153551,153079],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153554,153555],{},"Example of value vs index:",[48,153557,153559],{"className":50,"code":153558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153560,153561,153593,153597,153621],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153562,153563,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153564,36471],{"class":63},[57,153566,68],{"class":67},[57,153568,9463],{"class":71},[57,153570,170],{"class":169},[57,153572,174],{"class":173},[57,153574,170],{"class":169},[57,153576,79],{"class":71},[57,153578,181],{"class":169},[57,153580,184],{"class":173},[57,153582,170],{"class":169},[57,153584,79],{"class":71},[57,153586,181],{"class":169},[57,153588,33451],{"class":173},[57,153590,170],{"class":169},[57,153592,316],{"class":71},[57,153594,153595],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153596,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,153598,153599,153601,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617,153619],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,153600,102],{"class":101},[57,153602,105],{"class":71},[57,153604,36523],{"class":113},[57,153606,620],{"class":71},[57,153608,36077],{"class":113},[57,153610,105],{"class":71},[57,153612,170],{"class":169},[57,153614,184],{"class":173},[57,153616,170],{"class":169},[57,153618,5592],{"class":71},[57,153620,28010],{"class":3903},[57,153622,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,153624,102],{"class":101},[57,153626,105],{"class":71},[57,153628,36523],{"class":113},[57,153630,1785],{"class":71},[57,153632,3231],{"class":75},[57,153634,20677],{"class":71},[57,153636,153637],{"class":3903},"               # banana\n",[20,153639,2430],{},[30,153641,153642,153646],{},[33,153643,153644,15477],{},[15,153645,854],{},[33,153647,153648,153650],{},[15,153649,3231],{}," is the index",[43,153652,1829],{"id":1828},[20,153654,106113,153655,270],{},[15,153656,149189],{},[30,153658,153659,153662,153667,153672,153679],{},[33,153660,153661],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[33,153663,1848,153664,153666],{},[15,153665,59185],{}," to return all matching positions",[33,153668,153669,153670],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153671,1294],{},[33,153673,153674,153675,1242,153677],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153676,36304],{},[15,153678,52879],{},[33,153680,37434,153681,153683],{},[15,153682,149189],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[943,153685,60928],{"id":60927},[20,153687,94375],{},[48,153689,153691],{"className":50,"code":153690,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153692,153693,153703,153717,153732,153750],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153694,153695,153697,153699,153701],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153696,102],{"class":101},[57,153698,105],{"class":71},[57,153700,148002],{"class":113},[57,153702,316],{"class":71},[57,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153706,102],{"class":101},[57,153708,105],{"class":71},[57,153710,1007],{"class":101},[57,153712,105],{"class":71},[57,153714,148002],{"class":113},[57,153716,117],{"class":71},[57,153718,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153730],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,153720,102],{"class":101},[57,153722,105],{"class":71},[57,153724,2696],{"class":113},[57,153726,1969],{"class":1962},[57,153728,153729],{"class":113}," my_tuple",[57,153731,316],{"class":71},[57,153733,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,153735,102],{"class":101},[57,153737,105],{"class":71},[57,153739,148002],{"class":113},[57,153741,620],{"class":71},[57,153743,41486],{"class":113},[57,153745,105],{"class":71},[57,153747,364],{"class":113},[57,153749,117],{"class":71},[57,153751,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,153753,102],{"class":101},[57,153755,105],{"class":71},[57,153757,148002],{"class":113},[57,153759,620],{"class":71},[57,153761,36077],{"class":113},[57,153763,105],{"class":71},[57,153765,364],{"class":113},[57,153767,117],{"class":71},[20,153769,153770,153771,2004,153773,153775],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153772,1420],{},[15,153774,364],{}," is missing.",[20,153777,129619],{},[48,153779,153781],{"className":50,"code":153780,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153782,153783,153795,153813,153819],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153784,153785,153787,153789,153791,153793],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153786,7228],{"class":1962},[57,153788,21814],{"class":63},[57,153790,1969],{"class":67},[57,153792,153729],{"class":63},[57,153794,6623],{"class":71},[57,153796,153797,153799,153801,153803,153805,153807,153809,153811],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,153798,8296],{"class":101},[57,153800,105],{"class":71},[57,153802,148002],{"class":113},[57,153804,620],{"class":71},[57,153806,36077],{"class":113},[57,153808,105],{"class":71},[57,153810,364],{"class":113},[57,153812,117],{"class":71},[57,153814,153815,153817],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,153816,27664],{"class":1962},[57,153818,6623],{"class":71},[57,153820,153821,153823,153825,153827,153829,153831],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,153822,8296],{"class":101},[57,153824,105],{"class":71},[57,153826,170],{"class":169},[57,153828,153254],{"class":173},[57,153830,170],{"class":169},[57,153832,316],{"class":71},[43,153834,2011],{"id":2010},[943,153836,2015,153838,12945],{"id":153837},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153839,149189],{},[20,153841,153842],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[943,153844,153846],{"id":153845},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153848,153849,152716],{},[15,153850,149189],{},[943,153852,149168],{"id":149167},[20,153854,77066,153855,620],{},[15,153856,1420],{},[943,153858,153860],{"id":153859},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153862,153863,153864,1242,153866,153868],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153865,36304],{},[15,153867,52879],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[943,153870,15133,153872,57425,153874,2053],{"id":153871},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153873,149189],{},[15,153875,65084],{},[20,153877,153878],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[43,153880,2135],{"id":2134},[30,153882,153883,153889,153893,153898,153902],{},[33,153884,153885],{},[614,153886,149215,153887,10968],{"href":149267},[15,153888,57510],{},[33,153890,153891],{},[614,153892,149657],{"href":153083},[33,153894,153895],{},[614,153896,153897],{"href":150963},"Creating a tuple in Python",[33,153899,153900],{},[614,153901,1533],{"href":66056},[33,153903,153904],{},[614,153905,150911],{"href":152721},[2172,153907,153908],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294,"children":153915},[153916],{"id":17624,"depth":120,"text":17625},{"id":103374,"depth":98,"text":103375},{"id":153058,"depth":98,"text":153059},{"id":65847,"depth":98,"text":65848},{"id":65624,"depth":98,"text":66406,"children":153921},[153922],{"id":153410,"depth":120,"text":153411},{"id":153518,"depth":98,"text":153519},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829,"children":153925},[153926],{"id":60927,"depth":120,"text":60928},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":153928},[153929,153931,153932,153933,153934],{"id":153837,"depth":120,"text":153930},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153845,"depth":120,"text":153846},{"id":149167,"depth":120,"text":149168},{"id":153859,"depth":120,"text":153860},{"id":153871,"depth":120,"text":153935},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152523,"description":153937},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153944,"title":153945,"body":153946,"description":155341,"extension":2219,"meta":155342,"navigation":123,"path":153083,"seo":155343,"stem":155344,"__hash__":155345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153947,"toc":155323},[153948,153951,153954,153957,153971,153973,153976,154070,154080,154086,154090,154093,154096,154098,154116,154118,154189,154191,154208,154212,154216,154219,154236,154239,154254,154256,154347,154350,154354,154357,154374,154376,154471,154474,154477,154481,154484,154578,154580,154599,154602,154606,154609,154611,154666,154668,154703,154706,154720,154728,154821,154830,154834,154837,154844,154847,154894,154896,154904,154907,154958,154960,154977,154982,154986,154989,154992,154994,155045,155048,155103,155106,155109,155111,155114,155134,155136,155209,155212,155225,155227,155231,155236,155240,155245,155262,155266,155269,155286,155290,155293,155295,155320],[10,153949,153945],{"id":153950},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153952,153953],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153955,153956],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[30,153958,153959,153962,153965,153968],{},[33,153960,153961],{},"positive indexes",[33,153963,153964],{},"negative indexes",[33,153966,153967],{},"common indexing mistakes",[33,153969,153970],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[43,153972,3850],{"id":3849},[20,153974,153975],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[48,153977,153979],{"className":50,"code":153978,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153980,153981,154013,154017,154034,154051],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,153982,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,153984,13306],{"class":63},[57,153986,68],{"class":67},[57,153988,9463],{"class":71},[57,153990,170],{"class":169},[57,153992,13323],{"class":173},[57,153994,170],{"class":169},[57,153996,79],{"class":71},[57,153998,181],{"class":169},[57,154000,17686],{"class":173},[57,154002,170],{"class":169},[57,154004,79],{"class":71},[57,154006,181],{"class":169},[57,154008,13340],{"class":173},[57,154010,170],{"class":169},[57,154012,316],{"class":71},[57,154014,154015],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154016,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154018,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029,154031],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154020,102],{"class":101},[57,154022,105],{"class":71},[57,154024,17733],{"class":113},[57,154026,1785],{"class":71},[57,154028,1294],{"class":75},[57,154030,20677],{"class":71},[57,154032,154033],{"class":3903},"   # red\n",[57,154035,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,154037,102],{"class":101},[57,154039,105],{"class":71},[57,154041,17733],{"class":113},[57,154043,1785],{"class":71},[57,154045,3231],{"class":75},[57,154047,20677],{"class":71},[57,154049,154050],{"class":3903},"   # green\n",[57,154052,154053,154055,154057,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,154054,102],{"class":101},[57,154056,105],{"class":71},[57,154058,17733],{"class":113},[57,154060,1785],{"class":71},[57,154062,2277],{"class":67},[57,154064,3231],{"class":75},[57,154066,20677],{"class":71},[57,154068,154069],{"class":3903},"  # blue\n",[30,154071,154072,154077],{},[33,154073,132408,154074,154076],{},[15,154075,1294],{}," is the first item.",[33,154078,154079],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154081,154082,154083,620],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[614,154084,154085],{"href":147987},"how to create a tuple in Python",[43,154087,154089],{"id":154088},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154091,154092],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154094,154095],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154097,11686],{},[30,154099,154100,154103,154110,154113],{},[33,154101,154102],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[33,154104,154105,154106,19195,154108],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154107,1294],{},[15,154109,3231],{},[33,154111,154112],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[33,154114,154115],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154117,864],{},[48,154119,154121],{"className":50,"code":154120,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154122,154123,154143,154147,154161,154175],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154124,154125,154127,154129,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154126,64],{"class":63},[57,154128,68],{"class":67},[57,154130,9463],{"class":71},[57,154132,1561],{"class":75},[57,154134,79],{"class":71},[57,154136,1617],{"class":75},[57,154138,79],{"class":71},[57,154140,1575],{"class":75},[57,154142,316],{"class":71},[57,154144,154145],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154146,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154148,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154150,102],{"class":101},[57,154152,105],{"class":71},[57,154154,114],{"class":113},[57,154156,1785],{"class":71},[57,154158,1294],{"class":75},[57,154160,1975],{"class":71},[57,154162,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,154164,102],{"class":101},[57,154166,105],{"class":71},[57,154168,114],{"class":113},[57,154170,1785],{"class":71},[57,154172,3231],{"class":75},[57,154174,1975],{"class":71},[57,154176,154177,154179,154181,154183,154185,154187],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,154178,102],{"class":101},[57,154180,105],{"class":71},[57,154182,114],{"class":113},[57,154184,1785],{"class":71},[57,154186,1788],{"class":75},[57,154188,1975],{"class":71},[20,154190,216],{},[48,154192,154194],{"className":50,"code":154193,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154195,154196,154200,154204],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154197,154198],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154199,2626],{"class":75},[57,154201,154202],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154203,71438],{"class":75},[57,154205,154206],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154207,70054],{"class":75},[20,154209,59610,154210,620],{},[614,154211,147984],{"href":147983},[43,154213,154215],{"id":154214},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154217,154218],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[30,154220,154221,154226,154231],{},[33,154222,154223,154225],{},[15,154224,1294],{}," = first item",[33,154227,154228,154230],{},[15,154229,3231],{}," = second item",[33,154232,154233,154235],{},[15,154234,1788],{}," = third item",[20,154237,154238],{},"Pattern:",[48,154240,154242],{"className":50,"code":154241,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154243,154244],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154245,154246,154248,154250,154252],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154247,152739],{"class":63},[57,154249,1785],{"class":71},[57,154251,36077],{"class":63},[57,154253,95],{"class":71},[20,154255,864],{},[48,154257,154259],{"className":50,"code":154258,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154260,154261,154293,154297,154314,154330],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154262,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154264,36471],{"class":63},[57,154266,68],{"class":67},[57,154268,9463],{"class":71},[57,154270,170],{"class":169},[57,154272,174],{"class":173},[57,154274,170],{"class":169},[57,154276,79],{"class":71},[57,154278,181],{"class":169},[57,154280,184],{"class":173},[57,154282,170],{"class":169},[57,154284,79],{"class":71},[57,154286,181],{"class":169},[57,154288,4329],{"class":173},[57,154290,170],{"class":169},[57,154292,316],{"class":71},[57,154294,154295],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154296,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154298,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154300,102],{"class":101},[57,154302,105],{"class":71},[57,154304,36523],{"class":113},[57,154306,1785],{"class":71},[57,154308,1294],{"class":75},[57,154310,20677],{"class":71},[57,154312,154313],{"class":3903},"  # apple\n",[57,154315,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,154317,102],{"class":101},[57,154319,105],{"class":71},[57,154321,36523],{"class":113},[57,154323,1785],{"class":71},[57,154325,3231],{"class":75},[57,154327,20677],{"class":71},[57,154329,51707],{"class":3903},[57,154331,154332,154334,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,154333,102],{"class":101},[57,154335,105],{"class":71},[57,154337,36523],{"class":113},[57,154339,1785],{"class":71},[57,154341,1788],{"class":75},[57,154343,20677],{"class":71},[57,154345,154346],{"class":3903},"  # cherry\n",[20,154348,154349],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[43,154351,154353],{"id":154352},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154355,154356],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[30,154358,154359,154364,154369],{},[33,154360,154361,154363],{},[15,154362,66071],{}," = last item",[33,154365,154366,154368],{},[15,154367,95405],{}," = second-to-last item",[33,154370,154371,154373],{},[15,154372,47893],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154375,864],{},[48,154377,154379],{"className":50,"code":154378,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154380,154381,154413,154417,154435,154453],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154382,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405,154407,154409,154411],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154384,36471],{"class":63},[57,154386,68],{"class":67},[57,154388,9463],{"class":71},[57,154390,170],{"class":169},[57,154392,174],{"class":173},[57,154394,170],{"class":169},[57,154396,79],{"class":71},[57,154398,181],{"class":169},[57,154400,184],{"class":173},[57,154402,170],{"class":169},[57,154404,79],{"class":71},[57,154406,181],{"class":169},[57,154408,4329],{"class":173},[57,154410,170],{"class":169},[57,154412,316],{"class":71},[57,154414,154415],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154416,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154418,154419,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429,154431,154433],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154420,102],{"class":101},[57,154422,105],{"class":71},[57,154424,36523],{"class":113},[57,154426,1785],{"class":71},[57,154428,2277],{"class":67},[57,154430,3231],{"class":75},[57,154432,20677],{"class":71},[57,154434,154346],{"class":3903},[57,154436,154437,154439,154441,154443,154445,154447,154449,154451],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,154438,102],{"class":101},[57,154440,105],{"class":71},[57,154442,36523],{"class":113},[57,154444,1785],{"class":71},[57,154446,2277],{"class":67},[57,154448,1788],{"class":75},[57,154450,20677],{"class":71},[57,154452,51707],{"class":3903},[57,154454,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,154456,102],{"class":101},[57,154458,105],{"class":71},[57,154460,36523],{"class":113},[57,154462,1785],{"class":71},[57,154464,2277],{"class":67},[57,154466,76],{"class":75},[57,154468,20677],{"class":71},[57,154470,154313],{"class":3903},[20,154472,154473],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154475,154476],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[43,154478,154480],{"id":154479},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154482,154483],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[48,154485,154487],{"className":50,"code":154486,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154488,154489,154521,154525,154542,154559],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154490,154491,154493,154495,154497,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154492,5228],{"class":63},[57,154494,68],{"class":67},[57,154496,9463],{"class":71},[57,154498,170],{"class":169},[57,154500,13110],{"class":173},[57,154502,170],{"class":169},[57,154504,79],{"class":71},[57,154506,181],{"class":169},[57,154508,36172],{"class":173},[57,154510,170],{"class":169},[57,154512,79],{"class":71},[57,154514,181],{"class":169},[57,154516,36181],{"class":173},[57,154518,170],{"class":169},[57,154520,316],{"class":71},[57,154522,154523],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154524,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154526,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154528,102],{"class":101},[57,154530,105],{"class":71},[57,154532,5272],{"class":113},[57,154534,1785],{"class":71},[57,154536,1294],{"class":75},[57,154538,20677],{"class":71},[57,154540,154541],{"class":3903},"   # first item\n",[57,154543,154544,154546,154548,154550,154552,154554,154556],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,154545,102],{"class":101},[57,154547,105],{"class":71},[57,154549,5272],{"class":113},[57,154551,1785],{"class":71},[57,154553,3231],{"class":75},[57,154555,20677],{"class":71},[57,154557,154558],{"class":3903},"   # middle item\n",[57,154560,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,154562,102],{"class":101},[57,154564,105],{"class":71},[57,154566,5272],{"class":113},[57,154568,1785],{"class":71},[57,154570,2277],{"class":67},[57,154572,3231],{"class":75},[57,154574,20677],{"class":71},[57,154576,154577],{"class":3903},"  # last item\n",[20,154579,216],{},[48,154581,154583],{"className":50,"code":154582,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154584,154585,154589,154594],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154586,154587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154588,50260],{"class":63},[57,154590,154591],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154592,154593],{"class":63},"Ben\n",[57,154595,154596],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154597,154598],{"class":63},"Cara\n",[20,154600,154601],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[43,154603,154605],{"id":154604},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154607,154608],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154610,864],{},[48,154612,154614],{"className":50,"code":154613,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154615,154616,154648,154652],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154617,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154619,36322],{"class":63},[57,154621,68],{"class":67},[57,154623,9463],{"class":71},[57,154625,170],{"class":169},[57,154627,614],{"class":173},[57,154629,170],{"class":169},[57,154631,79],{"class":71},[57,154633,181],{"class":169},[57,154635,4993],{"class":173},[57,154637,170],{"class":169},[57,154639,79],{"class":71},[57,154641,181],{"class":169},[57,154643,9966],{"class":173},[57,154645,170],{"class":169},[57,154647,316],{"class":71},[57,154649,154650],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154651,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154653,154654,154656,154658,154660,154662,154664],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154655,102],{"class":101},[57,154657,105],{"class":71},[57,154659,36375],{"class":113},[57,154661,1785],{"class":71},[57,154663,2389],{"class":75},[57,154665,1975],{"class":71},[20,154667,216],{},[48,154669,154671],{"className":50,"code":154670,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154672,154673,154685,154690],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154674,154675,154678,154680,154683],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154676,154677],{"class":113},"Traceback ",[57,154679,105],{"class":71},[57,154681,154682],{"class":113},"most recent call last",[57,154684,8570],{"class":71},[57,154686,154687],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154688,154689],{"class":34683},"  ...\n",[57,154691,154692,154694,154696,154698,154701],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154693,70945],{"class":1102},[57,154695,270],{"class":71},[57,154697,149350],{"class":1102},[57,154699,154700],{"class":63}," index out of ",[57,154702,71137],{"class":101},[20,154704,154705],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[30,154707,154708,154712,154716],{},[33,154709,154710],{},[15,154711,1294],{},[33,154713,154714],{},[15,154715,3231],{},[33,154717,154718],{},[15,154719,1788],{},[20,154721,154722,154723,620],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[614,154724,154725,154727],{"href":149222},[15,154726,1033],{}," on a tuple",[48,154729,154731],{"className":50,"code":154730,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154732,154733,154765,154769,154785,154789,154807],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154734,154735,154737,154739,154741,154743,154745,154747,154749,154751,154753,154755,154757,154759,154761,154763],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154736,36322],{"class":63},[57,154738,68],{"class":67},[57,154740,9463],{"class":71},[57,154742,170],{"class":169},[57,154744,614],{"class":173},[57,154746,170],{"class":169},[57,154748,79],{"class":71},[57,154750,181],{"class":169},[57,154752,4993],{"class":173},[57,154754,170],{"class":169},[57,154756,79],{"class":71},[57,154758,181],{"class":169},[57,154760,9966],{"class":173},[57,154762,170],{"class":169},[57,154764,316],{"class":71},[57,154766,154767],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154768,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154770,154771,154773,154775,154777,154779,154781,154783],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154772,102],{"class":101},[57,154774,105],{"class":71},[57,154776,1007],{"class":101},[57,154778,105],{"class":71},[57,154780,36375],{"class":113},[57,154782,5592],{"class":71},[57,154784,50991],{"class":3903},[57,154786,154787],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,154788,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154790,154791,154793,154795,154797,154799,154801,154803,154805],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,154792,7228],{"class":1962},[57,154794,1217],{"class":101},[57,154796,105],{"class":71},[57,154798,36375],{"class":113},[57,154800,1959],{"class":71},[57,154802,38624],{"class":67},[57,154804,87],{"class":75},[57,154806,6623],{"class":71},[57,154808,154809,154811,154813,154815,154817,154819],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,154810,8296],{"class":101},[57,154812,105],{"class":71},[57,154814,36375],{"class":113},[57,154816,1785],{"class":71},[57,154818,1788],{"class":75},[57,154820,1975],{"class":71},[20,154822,154823,154824,620],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[614,154825,25910,154827],{"href":154826},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154828,154829],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[43,154831,154833],{"id":154832},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154835,154836],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,154838,154839,154841],{},[33,154840,77083],{},[33,154842,154843],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154845,154846],{},"Indexing example:",[48,154848,154850],{"className":50,"code":154849,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154851,154852,154876,154880],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154853,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154855,64],{"class":63},[57,154857,68],{"class":67},[57,154859,9463],{"class":71},[57,154861,1561],{"class":75},[57,154863,79],{"class":71},[57,154865,1617],{"class":75},[57,154867,79],{"class":71},[57,154869,1575],{"class":75},[57,154871,79],{"class":71},[57,154873,51064],{"class":75},[57,154875,316],{"class":71},[57,154877,154878],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154879,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154881,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154883,102],{"class":101},[57,154885,105],{"class":71},[57,154887,114],{"class":113},[57,154889,1785],{"class":71},[57,154891,3231],{"class":75},[57,154893,1975],{"class":71},[20,154895,216],{},[48,154897,154898],{"className":50,"code":71438,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,154899,154900],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154901,154902],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154903,71438],{"class":75},[20,154905,154906],{},"Slicing example:",[48,154908,154910],{"className":50,"code":154909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154911,154912,154936,154940],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154913,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922,154924,154926,154928,154930,154932,154934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154915,64],{"class":63},[57,154917,68],{"class":67},[57,154919,9463],{"class":71},[57,154921,1561],{"class":75},[57,154923,79],{"class":71},[57,154925,1617],{"class":75},[57,154927,79],{"class":71},[57,154929,1575],{"class":75},[57,154931,79],{"class":71},[57,154933,51064],{"class":75},[57,154935,316],{"class":71},[57,154937,154938],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,154939,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,154941,154942,154944,154946,154948,154950,154952,154954,154956],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,154943,102],{"class":101},[57,154945,105],{"class":71},[57,154947,114],{"class":113},[57,154949,1785],{"class":71},[57,154951,3231],{"class":75},[57,154953,270],{"class":71},[57,154955,76],{"class":75},[57,154957,1975],{"class":71},[20,154959,216],{},[48,154961,154963],{"className":50,"code":154962,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154964,154965],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,154966,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,154968,105],{"class":71},[57,154970,1568],{"class":75},[57,154972,79],{"class":71},[57,154974,1575],{"class":75},[57,154976,316],{"class":71},[20,154978,154979,154980,620],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[614,154981,150901],{"href":150900},[43,154983,154985],{"id":154984},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154987,154988],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154990,154991],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154993,6918],{},[48,154995,154997],{"className":50,"code":154996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154998,154999,155031],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155000,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011,155013,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025,155027,155029],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155002,13306],{"class":63},[57,155004,68],{"class":67},[57,155006,9463],{"class":71},[57,155008,170],{"class":169},[57,155010,13323],{"class":173},[57,155012,170],{"class":169},[57,155014,79],{"class":71},[57,155016,181],{"class":169},[57,155018,17686],{"class":173},[57,155020,170],{"class":169},[57,155022,79],{"class":71},[57,155024,181],{"class":169},[57,155026,13340],{"class":173},[57,155028,170],{"class":169},[57,155030,316],{"class":71},[57,155032,155033,155035,155037,155039,155041,155043],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155034,102],{"class":101},[57,155036,105],{"class":71},[57,155038,17733],{"class":113},[57,155040,1785],{"class":71},[57,155042,3231],{"class":75},[57,155044,1975],{"class":71},[20,155046,155047],{},"But this does not work:",[48,155049,155051],{"className":50,"code":155050,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155052,155053,155085],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155054,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081,155083],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155056,13306],{"class":63},[57,155058,68],{"class":67},[57,155060,9463],{"class":71},[57,155062,170],{"class":169},[57,155064,13323],{"class":173},[57,155066,170],{"class":169},[57,155068,79],{"class":71},[57,155070,181],{"class":169},[57,155072,17686],{"class":173},[57,155074,170],{"class":169},[57,155076,79],{"class":71},[57,155078,181],{"class":169},[57,155080,13340],{"class":173},[57,155082,170],{"class":169},[57,155084,316],{"class":71},[57,155086,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155088,17733],{"class":63},[57,155090,1785],{"class":71},[57,155092,3231],{"class":75},[57,155094,13504],{"class":71},[57,155096,13507],{"class":67},[57,155098,181],{"class":169},[57,155100,22754],{"class":173},[57,155102,3602],{"class":169},[20,155104,155105],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155107,155108],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[43,155110,1829],{"id":1828},[20,155112,155113],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[30,155115,155116,155122,155125,155128],{},[33,155117,132712,155118,11320,155120],{},[15,155119,3231],{},[15,155121,1294],{},[33,155123,155124],{},"Using an index that is too large",[33,155126,155127],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[33,155129,155130,155131],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155132,155133],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155135,62513],{},[48,155137,155139],{"className":50,"code":155138,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155140,155141,155151,155165,155179,155195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155142,155143,155145,155147,155149],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155144,102],{"class":101},[57,155146,105],{"class":71},[57,155148,148002],{"class":113},[57,155150,316],{"class":71},[57,155152,155153,155155,155157,155159,155161,155163],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155154,102],{"class":101},[57,155156,105],{"class":71},[57,155158,1007],{"class":101},[57,155160,105],{"class":71},[57,155162,148002],{"class":113},[57,155164,117],{"class":71},[57,155166,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155177],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,155168,102],{"class":101},[57,155170,105],{"class":71},[57,155172,148002],{"class":113},[57,155174,1785],{"class":71},[57,155176,1294],{"class":75},[57,155178,1975],{"class":71},[57,155180,155181,155183,155185,155187,155189,155191,155193],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,155182,102],{"class":101},[57,155184,105],{"class":71},[57,155186,148002],{"class":113},[57,155188,1785],{"class":71},[57,155190,2277],{"class":67},[57,155192,3231],{"class":75},[57,155194,1975],{"class":71},[57,155196,155197,155199,155201,155203,155205,155207],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,155198,102],{"class":101},[57,155200,105],{"class":71},[57,155202,1886],{"class":1102},[57,155204,105],{"class":71},[57,155206,148002],{"class":113},[57,155208,117],{"class":71},[20,155210,155211],{},"These can help you confirm:",[30,155213,155214,155217,155219,155222],{},[33,155215,155216],{},"what the tuple contains",[33,155218,61002],{},[33,155220,155221],{},"what the first and last items are",[33,155223,155224],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[43,155226,2011],{"id":2010},[943,155228,155230],{"id":155229},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155232,155233,155234,620],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155235,1294],{},[943,155237,155239],{"id":155238},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155241,1806,155242,155244],{},[15,155243,66071],{}," as the index:",[48,155246,155248],{"className":50,"code":155247,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155249,155250],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155251,155252,155254,155256,155258,155260],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155253,148002],{"class":63},[57,155255,1785],{"class":71},[57,155257,2277],{"class":67},[57,155259,3231],{"class":75},[57,155261,95],{"class":71},[943,155263,155265],{"id":155264},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155267,155268],{},"Python raises:",[48,155270,155272],{"className":50,"code":155271,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155273,155274],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155275,155276,155278,155280,155282,155284],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155277,70945],{"class":1102},[57,155279,270],{"class":71},[57,155281,149350],{"class":1102},[57,155283,154700],{"class":63},[57,155285,71137],{"class":101},[943,155287,155289],{"id":155288},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155291,155292],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[43,155294,2135],{"id":2134},[30,155296,155297,155302,155306,155310,155316],{},[33,155298,155299],{},[614,155300,155301],{"href":147987},"How to create a tuple in Python",[33,155303,155304],{},[614,155305,150901],{"href":150900},[33,155307,155308],{},[614,155309,150906],{"href":149222},[33,155311,155312],{},[614,155313,26353,155314],{"href":154826},[15,155315,154829],{},[33,155317,155318],{},[614,155319,147984],{"href":147983},[2172,155321,155322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":155324},[155325,155326,155327,155328,155329,155330,155331,155332,155333,155334,155340],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":154088,"depth":98,"text":154089},{"id":154214,"depth":98,"text":154215},{"id":154352,"depth":98,"text":154353},{"id":154479,"depth":98,"text":154480},{"id":154604,"depth":98,"text":154605},{"id":154832,"depth":98,"text":154833},{"id":154984,"depth":98,"text":154985},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":155335},[155336,155337,155338,155339],{"id":155229,"depth":120,"text":155230},{"id":155238,"depth":120,"text":155239},{"id":155264,"depth":120,"text":155265},{"id":155288,"depth":120,"text":155289},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153945,"description":155341},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155347,"title":155348,"body":155349,"description":157238,"extension":2219,"meta":157239,"navigation":123,"path":157240,"seo":157241,"stem":157242,"__hash__":157243},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155350,"toc":157195},[155351,155357,155362,155413,155417,155425,155431,155433,155449,155451,155454,155469,155471,155484,155486,155543,155547,155555,155562,155568,155574,155578,155629,155633,155641,155645,155674,155678,155686,155690,155723,155727,155735,155739,155742,155793,155797,155805,155807,155824,155828,155832,155891,155895,155903,155906,155933,155937,155945,155949,155955,156030,156034,156071,156079,156083,156146,156150,156158,156163,156167,156173,156216,156220,156228,156234,156237,156284,156288,156296,156305,156311,156366,156370,156378,156381,156385,156387,156418,156422,156441,156444,156489,156493,156516,156522,156527,156529,156576,156581,156584,156632,156636,156644,156648,156653,156657,156707,156711,156726,156730,156788,156792,156807,156811,156882,156886,156895,156899,156978,156982,157004,157012,157014,157017,157042,157044,157097,157099,157116,157118,157122,157128,157133,157138,157142,157147,157151,157156,157162,157165,157167,157192],[10,155352,155354,155355,1959],{"id":155353},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155356,1007],{},[20,155358,1806,155359,155361],{},[15,155360,1033],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[48,155363,155365],{"className":50,"code":155364,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155366,155367,155399],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155368,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155370,13306],{"class":63},[57,155372,68],{"class":67},[57,155374,9463],{"class":71},[57,155376,170],{"class":169},[57,155378,13323],{"class":173},[57,155380,170],{"class":169},[57,155382,79],{"class":71},[57,155384,181],{"class":169},[57,155386,17686],{"class":173},[57,155388,170],{"class":169},[57,155390,79],{"class":71},[57,155392,181],{"class":169},[57,155394,13340],{"class":173},[57,155396,170],{"class":169},[57,155398,316],{"class":71},[57,155400,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155402,102],{"class":101},[57,155404,105],{"class":71},[57,155406,1007],{"class":101},[57,155408,105],{"class":71},[57,155410,17733],{"class":113},[57,155412,117],{"class":71},[20,155414,155415],{},[1399,155416,216],{},[48,155418,155419],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155420,155421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155422,155423],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155424,46841],{"class":75},[20,155426,1806,155427,155430],{},[15,155428,155429],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[43,155432,15393],{"id":15392},[30,155434,155435,155440,155444,155447],{},[33,155436,4430,155437,155439],{},[15,155438,1033],{}," works with tuples",[33,155441,68475,155442,11934],{},[15,155443,1033],{},[33,155445,155446],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[33,155448,4751],{},[43,155450,294],{"id":293},[20,155452,155453],{},"Use this pattern:",[48,155455,155457],{"className":50,"code":155456,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155458,155459],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155460,155461,155463,155465,155467],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155462,1007],{"class":101},[57,155464,105],{"class":71},[57,155466,148002],{"class":113},[57,155468,316],{"class":71},[20,155470,11686],{},[30,155472,155473,155476,155479],{},[33,155474,155475],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[33,155477,155478],{},"The result is an integer",[33,155480,155481,155483],{},[15,155482,1033],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155485,864],{},[48,155487,155489],{"className":50,"code":155488,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155490,155491,155515,155529,155533],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155492,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155494,64],{"class":63},[57,155496,68],{"class":67},[57,155498,9463],{"class":71},[57,155500,1561],{"class":75},[57,155502,79],{"class":71},[57,155504,1617],{"class":75},[57,155506,79],{"class":71},[57,155508,1575],{"class":75},[57,155510,79],{"class":71},[57,155512,51064],{"class":75},[57,155514,316],{"class":71},[57,155516,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155518,41468],{"class":63},[57,155520,68],{"class":67},[57,155522,1217],{"class":101},[57,155524,105],{"class":71},[57,155526,114],{"class":113},[57,155528,316],{"class":71},[57,155530,155531],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,155532,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,155534,155535,155537,155539,155541],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,155536,102],{"class":101},[57,155538,105],{"class":71},[57,155540,41486],{"class":113},[57,155542,316],{"class":71},[20,155544,155545],{},[1399,155546,216],{},[48,155548,155549],{"className":50,"code":48871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155550,155551],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155552,155553],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155554,48871],{"class":75},[20,155556,155557,155558,620],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[614,155559,13,155560,2144],{"href":1037},[15,155561,1033],{},[43,155563,262,155565,155567],{"id":155564},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155566,1033],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155569,155570,155571,155573],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155572,1033],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[943,155575,155577],{"id":155576},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[48,155579,155581],{"className":50,"code":155580,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155582,155583,155615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155584,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155586,36471],{"class":63},[57,155588,68],{"class":67},[57,155590,9463],{"class":71},[57,155592,170],{"class":169},[57,155594,174],{"class":173},[57,155596,170],{"class":169},[57,155598,79],{"class":71},[57,155600,181],{"class":169},[57,155602,184],{"class":173},[57,155604,170],{"class":169},[57,155606,79],{"class":71},[57,155608,181],{"class":169},[57,155610,33451],{"class":173},[57,155612,170],{"class":169},[57,155614,316],{"class":71},[57,155616,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155618,102],{"class":101},[57,155620,105],{"class":71},[57,155622,1007],{"class":101},[57,155624,105],{"class":71},[57,155626,36523],{"class":113},[57,155628,117],{"class":71},[20,155630,155631],{},[1399,155632,216],{},[48,155634,155635],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155636,155637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155638,155639],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155640,46841],{"class":75},[943,155642,155644],{"id":155643},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[48,155646,155648],{"className":50,"code":155647,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155649,155650,155659],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155651,155652,155655,155657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155653,155654],{"class":63},"empty_tuple ",[57,155656,68],{"class":67},[57,155658,149326],{"class":71},[57,155660,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155672],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155662,102],{"class":101},[57,155664,105],{"class":71},[57,155666,1007],{"class":101},[57,155668,105],{"class":71},[57,155670,155671],{"class":113},"empty_tuple",[57,155673,117],{"class":71},[20,155675,155676],{},[1399,155677,216],{},[48,155679,155680],{"className":50,"code":1301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155681,155682],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155683,155684],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155685,1301],{"class":75},[943,155687,155689],{"id":155688},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[48,155691,155693],{"className":50,"code":155692,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155694,155695,155708],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155696,155697,155700,155702,155704,155706],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155698,155699],{"class":63},"single_value ",[57,155701,68],{"class":67},[57,155703,9463],{"class":71},[57,155705,2389],{"class":75},[57,155707,149340],{"class":71},[57,155709,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718,155721],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155711,102],{"class":101},[57,155713,105],{"class":71},[57,155715,1007],{"class":101},[57,155717,105],{"class":71},[57,155719,155720],{"class":113},"single_value",[57,155722,117],{"class":71},[20,155724,155725],{},[1399,155726,216],{},[48,155728,155729],{"className":50,"code":47141,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155730,155731],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155732,155733],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155734,47141],{"class":75},[943,155736,155738],{"id":155737},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155740,155741],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[48,155743,155745],{"className":50,"code":155744,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155746,155747,155779],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155748,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775,155777],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155750,9393],{"class":63},[57,155752,68],{"class":67},[57,155754,9463],{"class":71},[57,155756,3231],{"class":75},[57,155758,79],{"class":71},[57,155760,9463],{"class":71},[57,155762,1788],{"class":75},[57,155764,79],{"class":71},[57,155766,1793],{"class":75},[57,155768,9460],{"class":71},[57,155770,72],{"class":71},[57,155772,647],{"class":75},[57,155774,79],{"class":71},[57,155776,92],{"class":75},[57,155778,1975],{"class":71},[57,155780,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155782,102],{"class":101},[57,155784,105],{"class":71},[57,155786,1007],{"class":101},[57,155788,105],{"class":71},[57,155790,9431],{"class":113},[57,155792,117],{"class":71},[20,155794,155795],{},[1399,155796,216],{},[48,155798,155799],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155800,155801],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155802,155803],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155804,46841],{"class":75},[20,155806,238],{},[30,155808,155809,155814,155819],{},[33,155810,155811,155813],{},[15,155812,3231],{}," is one item",[33,155815,155816,155813],{},[15,155817,155818],{},"(2, 3)",[33,155820,155821,155813],{},[15,155822,155823],{},"[4, 5]",[43,155825,155827],{"id":155826},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[943,155829,155831],{"id":155830},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[48,155833,155835],{"className":50,"code":155834,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155836,155837,155877],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155838,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873,155875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155840,13306],{"class":63},[57,155842,68],{"class":67},[57,155844,9463],{"class":71},[57,155846,170],{"class":169},[57,155848,13323],{"class":173},[57,155850,170],{"class":169},[57,155852,79],{"class":71},[57,155854,181],{"class":169},[57,155856,17686],{"class":173},[57,155858,170],{"class":169},[57,155860,79],{"class":71},[57,155862,181],{"class":169},[57,155864,13340],{"class":173},[57,155866,170],{"class":169},[57,155868,79],{"class":71},[57,155870,181],{"class":169},[57,155872,22754],{"class":173},[57,155874,170],{"class":169},[57,155876,316],{"class":71},[57,155878,155879,155881,155883,155885,155887,155889],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155880,102],{"class":101},[57,155882,105],{"class":71},[57,155884,1007],{"class":101},[57,155886,105],{"class":71},[57,155888,17733],{"class":113},[57,155890,117],{"class":71},[20,155892,155893],{},[1399,155894,216],{},[48,155896,155897],{"className":50,"code":48871,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155898,155899],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155900,155901],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155902,48871],{"class":75},[943,155904,155644],{"id":155905},"empty-tuple-1",[48,155907,155909],{"className":50,"code":155908,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155910,155911,155919],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155912,155913,155915,155917],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155914,1147],{"class":63},[57,155916,68],{"class":67},[57,155918,149326],{"class":71},[57,155920,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929,155931],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155922,102],{"class":101},[57,155924,105],{"class":71},[57,155926,1007],{"class":101},[57,155928,105],{"class":71},[57,155930,1199],{"class":113},[57,155932,117],{"class":71},[20,155934,155935],{},[1399,155936,216],{},[48,155938,155939],{"className":50,"code":1301,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,155940,155941],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155942,155943],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155944,1301],{"class":75},[943,155946,155948],{"id":155947},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155950,155951,155952,155954],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[1399,155953,1401],{}," always a tuple.",[48,155956,155958],{"className":50,"code":155957,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155959,155960,155972,155984,155988,156002,156016],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,155961,155962,155964,155966,155968,155970],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,155963,686],{"class":63},[57,155965,68],{"class":67},[57,155967,9463],{"class":71},[57,155969,2389],{"class":75},[57,155971,316],{"class":71},[57,155973,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,155975,696],{"class":63},[57,155977,68],{"class":67},[57,155979,9463],{"class":71},[57,155981,2389],{"class":75},[57,155983,149340],{"class":71},[57,155985,155986],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,155987,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,155989,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,155991,102],{"class":101},[57,155993,105],{"class":71},[57,155995,1886],{"class":1102},[57,155997,105],{"class":71},[57,155999,614],{"class":113},[57,156001,117],{"class":71},[57,156003,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,156005,102],{"class":101},[57,156007,105],{"class":71},[57,156009,1886],{"class":1102},[57,156011,105],{"class":71},[57,156013,4993],{"class":113},[57,156015,117],{"class":71},[57,156017,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,156019,102],{"class":101},[57,156021,105],{"class":71},[57,156023,1007],{"class":101},[57,156025,105],{"class":71},[57,156027,4993],{"class":113},[57,156029,117],{"class":71},[20,156031,156032],{},[1399,156033,216],{},[48,156035,156037],{"className":50,"code":156036,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156038,156039,156053,156067],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156040,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156042,3532],{"class":67},[57,156044,3535],{"class":1208},[57,156046,3538],{"class":169},[57,156048,2440],{"class":173},[57,156050,3543],{"class":169},[57,156052,3546],{"class":67},[57,156054,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156056,3532],{"class":67},[57,156058,3535],{"class":1208},[57,156060,3538],{"class":169},[57,156062,49174],{"class":173},[57,156064,3543],{"class":169},[57,156066,3546],{"class":67},[57,156068,156069],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156070,47141],{"class":75},[20,156072,156073,156074,1242,156077,620],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[614,156075,156076],{"href":147987},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[614,156078,149288],{"href":149287},[943,156080,156082],{"id":156081},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[48,156084,156086],{"className":50,"code":156085,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156087,156088,156132],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156089,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114,156116,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128,156130],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156091,59690],{"class":63},[57,156093,68],{"class":67},[57,156095,9463],{"class":71},[57,156097,170],{"class":169},[57,156099,174],{"class":173},[57,156101,170],{"class":169},[57,156103,79],{"class":71},[57,156105,72],{"class":71},[57,156107,3231],{"class":75},[57,156109,79],{"class":71},[57,156111,87],{"class":75},[57,156113,18293],{"class":71},[57,156115,9463],{"class":71},[57,156117,170],{"class":169},[57,156119,1956],{"class":173},[57,156121,170],{"class":169},[57,156123,79],{"class":71},[57,156125,181],{"class":169},[57,156127,11974],{"class":173},[57,156129,170],{"class":169},[57,156131,117],{"class":71},[57,156133,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156135,102],{"class":101},[57,156137,105],{"class":71},[57,156139,1007],{"class":101},[57,156141,105],{"class":71},[57,156143,59743],{"class":113},[57,156145,117],{"class":71},[20,156147,156148],{},[1399,156149,216],{},[48,156151,156152],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156153,156154],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156155,156156],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156157,46841],{"class":75},[20,156159,156160,156162],{},[15,156161,1033],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[43,156164,156166],{"id":156165},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[943,156168,156170,156172],{"id":156169},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156171,1033],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[48,156174,156176],{"className":50,"code":156175,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156177,156178,156202],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156179,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188,156190,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156181,162],{"class":63},[57,156183,68],{"class":67},[57,156185,9463],{"class":71},[57,156187,170],{"class":169},[57,156189,63814],{"class":173},[57,156191,170],{"class":169},[57,156193,79],{"class":71},[57,156195,181],{"class":169},[57,156197,52],{"class":173},[57,156199,170],{"class":169},[57,156201,316],{"class":71},[57,156203,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156205,102],{"class":101},[57,156207,105],{"class":71},[57,156209,1007],{"class":101},[57,156211,105],{"class":71},[57,156213,211],{"class":113},[57,156215,117],{"class":71},[20,156217,156218],{},[1399,156219,216],{},[48,156221,156222],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156223,156224],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156225,156226],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156227,17286],{"class":75},[20,156229,156230,156231,156233],{},"This result is ",[15,156232,1788],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156235,156236],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[48,156238,156240],{"className":50,"code":156239,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156241,156242,156266],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156243,156244,156246,156248,156250,156252,156254,156256,156258,156260,156262,156264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156245,162],{"class":63},[57,156247,68],{"class":67},[57,156249,9463],{"class":71},[57,156251,170],{"class":169},[57,156253,63814],{"class":173},[57,156255,170],{"class":169},[57,156257,79],{"class":71},[57,156259,181],{"class":169},[57,156261,52],{"class":173},[57,156263,170],{"class":169},[57,156265,316],{"class":71},[57,156267,156268,156270,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156269,102],{"class":101},[57,156271,105],{"class":71},[57,156273,1007],{"class":101},[57,156275,105],{"class":71},[57,156277,211],{"class":113},[57,156279,1785],{"class":71},[57,156281,1294],{"class":75},[57,156283,3242],{"class":71},[20,156285,156286],{},[1399,156287,216],{},[48,156289,156290],{"className":50,"code":17286,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156291,156292],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156293,156294],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156295,17286],{"class":75},[20,156297,1023,156298,156301,156302,620],{},[15,156299,156300],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156303,156304],{},"\"hi\"",[943,156306,156308,156310],{"id":156307},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156309,1033],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[48,156312,156314],{"className":50,"code":156313,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156315,156316,156352],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156317,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156338,156340,156342,156344,156346,156348,156350],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156319,4061],{"class":63},[57,156321,68],{"class":67},[57,156323,10222],{"class":71},[57,156325,3231],{"class":75},[57,156327,79],{"class":71},[57,156329,87],{"class":75},[57,156331,9460],{"class":71},[57,156333,9463],{"class":71},[57,156335,76],{"class":75},[57,156337,79],{"class":71},[57,156339,2706],{"class":75},[57,156341,9460],{"class":71},[57,156343,9463],{"class":71},[57,156345,2389],{"class":75},[57,156347,79],{"class":71},[57,156349,37874],{"class":75},[57,156351,117],{"class":71},[57,156353,156354,156356,156358,156360,156362,156364],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156355,102],{"class":101},[57,156357,105],{"class":71},[57,156359,1007],{"class":101},[57,156361,105],{"class":71},[57,156363,5589],{"class":113},[57,156365,117],{"class":71},[20,156367,156368],{},[1399,156369,216],{},[48,156371,156372],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156373,156374],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156375,156376],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156377,46841],{"class":75},[20,156379,156380],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[943,156382,156384],{"id":156383},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156386,25921],{},[48,156388,156390],{"className":50,"code":156389,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156391,156392,156404],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156393,156394,156396,156398,156400,156402],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156395,2696],{"class":63},[57,156397,68],{"class":67},[57,156399,9463],{"class":71},[57,156401,1561],{"class":75},[57,156403,316],{"class":71},[57,156405,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156407,102],{"class":101},[57,156409,105],{"class":71},[57,156411,1886],{"class":1102},[57,156413,105],{"class":71},[57,156415,364],{"class":113},[57,156417,117],{"class":71},[20,156419,156420],{},[1399,156421,216],{},[48,156423,156425],{"className":50,"code":156424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156426,156427],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156428,156429,156431,156433,156435,156437,156439],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156430,3532],{"class":67},[57,156432,3535],{"class":1208},[57,156434,3538],{"class":169},[57,156436,2440],{"class":173},[57,156438,3543],{"class":169},[57,156440,3546],{"class":67},[20,156442,156443],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[48,156445,156447],{"className":50,"code":156446,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156448,156449,156461,156475],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156450,156451,156453,156455,156457,156459],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156452,2696],{"class":63},[57,156454,68],{"class":67},[57,156456,9463],{"class":71},[57,156458,1561],{"class":75},[57,156460,149340],{"class":71},[57,156462,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156464,102],{"class":101},[57,156466,105],{"class":71},[57,156468,1886],{"class":1102},[57,156470,105],{"class":71},[57,156472,364],{"class":113},[57,156474,117],{"class":71},[57,156476,156477,156479,156481,156483,156485,156487],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156478,102],{"class":101},[57,156480,105],{"class":71},[57,156482,1007],{"class":101},[57,156484,105],{"class":71},[57,156486,364],{"class":113},[57,156488,117],{"class":71},[20,156490,156491],{},[1399,156492,216],{},[48,156494,156496],{"className":50,"code":156495,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156497,156498,156512],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156499,156500,156502,156504,156506,156508,156510],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156501,3532],{"class":67},[57,156503,3535],{"class":1208},[57,156505,3538],{"class":169},[57,156507,49174],{"class":173},[57,156509,3543],{"class":169},[57,156511,3546],{"class":67},[57,156513,156514],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156515,47141],{"class":75},[943,156517,156519,156521],{"id":156518},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156520,1007],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156523,44654,156524,156526],{},[15,156525,1007],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156528,44685],{},[48,156530,156532],{"className":50,"code":156531,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156533,156534,156542,156562],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156535,156536,156538,156540],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156537,1007],{"class":101},[57,156539,13507],{"class":67},[57,156541,2832],{"class":75},[57,156543,156544,156546,156548,156550,156552,156554,156556,156558,156560],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156545,64],{"class":63},[57,156547,68],{"class":67},[57,156549,9463],{"class":71},[57,156551,3231],{"class":75},[57,156553,79],{"class":71},[57,156555,87],{"class":75},[57,156557,79],{"class":71},[57,156559,1793],{"class":75},[57,156561,316],{"class":71},[57,156563,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156565,102],{"class":101},[57,156567,105],{"class":71},[57,156569,1007],{"class":101},[57,156571,105],{"class":71},[57,156573,114],{"class":113},[57,156575,117],{"class":71},[20,156577,39882,156578,156580],{},[15,156579,1007],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156582,156583],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[48,156585,156587],{"className":50,"code":156586,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156588,156589,156598,156618],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156590,156591,156594,156596],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156592,156593],{"class":63},"length_value ",[57,156595,68],{"class":67},[57,156597,2832],{"class":75},[57,156599,156600,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610,156612,156614,156616],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156601,64],{"class":63},[57,156603,68],{"class":67},[57,156605,9463],{"class":71},[57,156607,3231],{"class":75},[57,156609,79],{"class":71},[57,156611,87],{"class":75},[57,156613,79],{"class":71},[57,156615,1793],{"class":75},[57,156617,316],{"class":71},[57,156619,156620,156622,156624,156626,156628,156630],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156621,102],{"class":101},[57,156623,105],{"class":71},[57,156625,1007],{"class":101},[57,156627,105],{"class":71},[57,156629,114],{"class":113},[57,156631,117],{"class":71},[20,156633,156634],{},[1399,156635,216],{},[48,156637,156638],{"className":50,"code":46841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156639,156640],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156641,156642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156643,46841],{"class":75},[43,156645,156647],{"id":156646},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156649,156650,156652],{},[15,156651,1033],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[943,156654,156656],{"id":156655},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[48,156658,156660],{"className":50,"code":156659,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156661,156662,156670,156674,156692],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156663,156664,156666,156668],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156665,1147],{"class":63},[57,156667,68],{"class":67},[57,156669,149326],{"class":71},[57,156671,156672],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156673,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,156675,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686,156688,156690],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156677,7228],{"class":1962},[57,156679,1217],{"class":101},[57,156681,105],{"class":71},[57,156683,1199],{"class":113},[57,156685,1959],{"class":71},[57,156687,6638],{"class":67},[57,156689,4072],{"class":75},[57,156691,6623],{"class":71},[57,156693,156694,156696,156698,156700,156703,156705],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,156695,8296],{"class":101},[57,156697,105],{"class":71},[57,156699,170],{"class":169},[57,156701,156702],{"class":173},"The tuple is empty",[57,156704,170],{"class":169},[57,156706,316],{"class":71},[20,156708,156709],{},[1399,156710,216],{},[48,156712,156714],{"className":50,"code":156713,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156715,156716],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156717,156718,156720,156722,156724],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156719,935],{"class":63},[57,156721,49174],{"class":1102},[57,156723,8324],{"class":67},[57,156725,8330],{"class":63},[943,156727,156729],{"id":156728},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[48,156731,156733],{"className":50,"code":156732,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156734,156735,156751,156755,156773],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156736,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156738,51606],{"class":63},[57,156740,68],{"class":67},[57,156742,9463],{"class":71},[57,156744,647],{"class":75},[57,156746,79],{"class":71},[57,156748,657],{"class":75},[57,156750,316],{"class":71},[57,156752,156753],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156754,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,156756,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156758,7228],{"class":1962},[57,156760,1217],{"class":101},[57,156762,105],{"class":71},[57,156764,51631],{"class":113},[57,156766,1959],{"class":71},[57,156768,6638],{"class":67},[57,156770,87],{"class":75},[57,156772,6623],{"class":71},[57,156774,156775,156777,156779,156781,156784,156786],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,156776,8296],{"class":101},[57,156778,105],{"class":71},[57,156780,170],{"class":169},[57,156782,156783],{"class":173},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[57,156785,170],{"class":169},[57,156787,316],{"class":71},[20,156789,156790],{},[1399,156791,216],{},[48,156793,156795],{"className":50,"code":156794,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156796,156797],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156798,156799,156802,156804],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156800,156801],{"class":63},"This looks like an x",[57,156803,79],{"class":71},[57,156805,156806],{"class":63}," y coordinate\n",[943,156808,156810],{"id":156809},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[48,156812,156814],{"className":50,"code":156813,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156815,156816,156845,156849,156867],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156817,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156841,156843],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156819,11716],{"class":63},[57,156821,68],{"class":67},[57,156823,9463],{"class":71},[57,156825,170],{"class":169},[57,156827,13110],{"class":173},[57,156829,170],{"class":169},[57,156831,79],{"class":71},[57,156833,9533],{"class":75},[57,156835,79],{"class":71},[57,156837,181],{"class":169},[57,156839,156840],{"class":173},"Canada",[57,156842,170],{"class":169},[57,156844,316],{"class":71},[57,156846,156847],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156848,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,156850,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859,156861,156863,156865],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156852,7228],{"class":1962},[57,156854,1217],{"class":101},[57,156856,105],{"class":71},[57,156858,11810],{"class":113},[57,156860,1959],{"class":71},[57,156862,6638],{"class":67},[57,156864,1793],{"class":75},[57,156866,6623],{"class":71},[57,156868,156869,156871,156873,156875,156878,156880],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,156870,8296],{"class":101},[57,156872,105],{"class":71},[57,156874,170],{"class":169},[57,156876,156877],{"class":173},"User record has the expected number of values",[57,156879,170],{"class":169},[57,156881,316],{"class":71},[20,156883,156884],{},[1399,156885,216],{},[48,156887,156889],{"className":50,"code":156888,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156890,156891],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156892,156893],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156894,156888],{"class":63},[943,156896,156898],{"id":156897},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[48,156900,156902],{"className":50,"code":156901,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156903,156904,156936,156940,156960],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156905,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156907,36322],{"class":63},[57,156909,68],{"class":67},[57,156911,9463],{"class":71},[57,156913,170],{"class":169},[57,156915,614],{"class":173},[57,156917,170],{"class":169},[57,156919,79],{"class":71},[57,156921,181],{"class":169},[57,156923,4993],{"class":173},[57,156925,170],{"class":169},[57,156927,79],{"class":71},[57,156929,181],{"class":169},[57,156931,9966],{"class":173},[57,156933,170],{"class":169},[57,156935,316],{"class":71},[57,156937,156938],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156939,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,156941,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,156943,6189],{"class":1962},[57,156945,69762],{"class":63},[57,156947,1969],{"class":1962},[57,156949,54289],{"class":101},[57,156951,105],{"class":71},[57,156953,1007],{"class":101},[57,156955,105],{"class":71},[57,156957,36375],{"class":113},[57,156959,69777],{"class":71},[57,156961,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,156963,8296],{"class":101},[57,156965,105],{"class":71},[57,156967,36386],{"class":113},[57,156969,79],{"class":71},[57,156971,70310],{"class":113},[57,156973,1785],{"class":71},[57,156975,36386],{"class":113},[57,156977,1975],{"class":71},[20,156979,156980],{},[1399,156981,216],{},[48,156983,156984],{"className":50,"code":36398,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,156985,156986,156992,156998],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,156987,156988,156990],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,156989,1294],{"class":75},[57,156991,36407],{"class":63},[57,156993,156994,156996],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,156995,3231],{"class":75},[57,156997,36414],{"class":63},[57,156999,157000,157002],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157001,1788],{"class":75},[57,157003,36421],{"class":63},[20,157005,157006,157007,157009,157010,620],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[614,157008,149657],{"href":149656},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[614,157011,150901],{"href":150900},[43,157013,1829],{"id":1828},[20,157015,157016],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[30,157018,157019,157027,157034,157039],{},[33,157020,157021,157022,11320,157025],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,157023,157024],{},"(5)",[15,157026,149491],{},[33,157028,443,157029,157031,157032],{},[15,157030,1007],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,157033,1033],{},[33,157035,1848,157036,157038],{},[15,157037,1033],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[33,157040,157041],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157043,32312],{},[48,157045,157047],{"className":50,"code":157046,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157048,157049,157059,157073,157087],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157050,157051,157053,157055,157057],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157052,102],{"class":101},[57,157054,105],{"class":71},[57,157056,148002],{"class":113},[57,157058,316],{"class":71},[57,157060,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157062,102],{"class":101},[57,157064,105],{"class":71},[57,157066,1886],{"class":1102},[57,157068,105],{"class":71},[57,157070,148002],{"class":113},[57,157072,117],{"class":71},[57,157074,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157076,102],{"class":101},[57,157078,105],{"class":71},[57,157080,1007],{"class":101},[57,157082,105],{"class":71},[57,157084,148002],{"class":113},[57,157086,117],{"class":71},[57,157088,157089,157091,157093,157095],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,157090,32382],{"class":101},[57,157092,105],{"class":71},[57,157094,1007],{"class":101},[57,157096,316],{"class":71},[20,157098,155211],{},[30,157100,157101,157104,157107,157111],{},[33,157102,157103],{},"what value you are using",[33,157105,157106],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[33,157108,26250,157109,11934],{},[15,157110,1033],{},[33,157112,123375,157113,157115],{},[15,157114,1033],{}," is documented in Python",[43,157117,2011],{"id":2010},[943,157119,157121],{"id":157120},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157123,1806,157124,157127],{},[15,157125,157126],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[943,157129,12933,157131,149161],{"id":157130},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157132,1033],{},[20,157134,46590,157135,157137],{},[15,157136,1033],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[943,157139,157141],{"id":157140},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157143,157144,157145,620],{},"The length is ",[15,157146,1294],{},[943,157148,157150],{"id":157149},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157152,150847,157153,157155],{},[15,157154,150850],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[943,157157,12933,157159,157161],{"id":157158},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157160,1033],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157163,157164],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[43,157166,2135],{"id":2134},[30,157168,157169,157175,157179,157183,157187],{},[33,157170,157171],{},[614,157172,13,157173,2144],{"href":1037},[15,157174,1033],{},[33,157176,157177],{},[614,157178,156076],{"href":147987},[33,157180,157181],{},[614,157182,149657],{"href":149656},[33,157184,157185],{},[614,157186,150901],{"href":150900},[33,157188,157189],{},[614,157190,157191],{"href":149287},"What is a tuple in Python",[2172,157193,157194],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":157196},[157197,157198,157199,157206,157212,157221,157227,157228,157237],{"id":15392,"depth":98,"text":15393},{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":155564,"depth":98,"text":157200,"children":157201},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157202,157203,157204,157205],{"id":155576,"depth":120,"text":155577},{"id":155643,"depth":120,"text":155644},{"id":155688,"depth":120,"text":155689},{"id":155737,"depth":120,"text":155738},{"id":155826,"depth":98,"text":155827,"children":157207},[157208,157209,157210,157211],{"id":155830,"depth":120,"text":155831},{"id":155905,"depth":120,"text":155644},{"id":155947,"depth":120,"text":155948},{"id":156081,"depth":120,"text":156082},{"id":156165,"depth":98,"text":156166,"children":157213},[157214,157216,157218,157219],{"id":156169,"depth":120,"text":157215},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156307,"depth":120,"text":157217},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156383,"depth":120,"text":156384},{"id":156518,"depth":120,"text":157220},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156646,"depth":98,"text":156647,"children":157222},[157223,157224,157225,157226],{"id":156655,"depth":120,"text":156656},{"id":156728,"depth":120,"text":156729},{"id":156809,"depth":120,"text":156810},{"id":156897,"depth":120,"text":156898},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":157229},[157230,157231,157233,157234,157235],{"id":157120,"depth":120,"text":157121},{"id":157130,"depth":120,"text":157232},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157140,"depth":120,"text":157141},{"id":157149,"depth":120,"text":157150},{"id":157158,"depth":120,"text":157236},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155348,"description":157238},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157245,"title":157246,"body":157247,"description":159632,"extension":2219,"meta":159633,"navigation":123,"path":159634,"seo":159635,"stem":159636,"__hash__":159637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157248,"toc":159593},[157249,157252,157255,157258,157281,157287,157289,157400,157404,157407,157417,157419,157518,157520,157597,157603,157607,157610,157633,157636,157653,157656,157658,157721,157723,157740,157751,157756,157758,157761,157767,157818,157820,157840,157844,157895,157897,157918,157922,157977,157979,158000,158004,158059,158061,158082,158086,158139,158141,158170,158172,158174,158177,158181,158238,158240,158261,158265,158318,158320,158345,158350,158354,158359,158377,158380,158443,158445,158466,158469,158530,158532,158553,158556,158599,158602,158606,158611,158615,158694,158696,158727,158731,158806,158808,158835,158839,158886,158888,158896,158901,158905,158908,158923,158925,159013,159015,159040,159043,159086,159095,159097,159100,159115,159118,159122,159176,159178,159198,159203,159207,159209,159247,159250,159300,159304,159377,159379,159416,159419,159421,159424,159444,159447,159516,159518,159531,159533,159537,159540,159544,159547,159552,159555,159561,159566,159568,159590],[10,157250,157246],{"id":157251},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157253,157254],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157256,157257],{},"Use this format:",[48,157259,157261],{"className":50,"code":157260,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157262,157263],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157264,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157266,49174],{"class":63},[57,157268,1785],{"class":71},[57,157270,36304],{"class":63},[57,157272,270],{"class":71},[57,157274,75634],{"class":63},[57,157276,270],{"class":71},[57,157278,75637],{"class":63},[57,157280,95],{"class":71},[20,157282,935,157283,75670,157285,620],{},[15,157284,75634],{},[1399,157286,65288],{},[43,157288,46],{"id":45},[48,157290,157292],{"className":50,"code":157291,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157293,157294,157322,157326,157347,157364,157381],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157295,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157297,64],{"class":63},[57,157299,68],{"class":67},[57,157301,9463],{"class":71},[57,157303,1561],{"class":75},[57,157305,79],{"class":71},[57,157307,1617],{"class":75},[57,157309,79],{"class":71},[57,157311,1575],{"class":75},[57,157313,79],{"class":71},[57,157315,51064],{"class":75},[57,157317,79],{"class":71},[57,157319,5313],{"class":75},[57,157321,316],{"class":71},[57,157323,157324],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157325,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,157327,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157329,102],{"class":101},[57,157331,105],{"class":71},[57,157333,114],{"class":113},[57,157335,1785],{"class":71},[57,157337,3231],{"class":75},[57,157339,270],{"class":71},[57,157341,647],{"class":75},[57,157343,20677],{"class":71},[57,157345,157346],{"class":3903},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[57,157348,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,157350,102],{"class":101},[57,157352,105],{"class":71},[57,157354,114],{"class":113},[57,157356,75743],{"class":71},[57,157358,76],{"class":75},[57,157360,20677],{"class":71},[57,157362,157363],{"class":3903},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[57,157365,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,157367,102],{"class":101},[57,157369,105],{"class":71},[57,157371,114],{"class":113},[57,157373,74333],{"class":71},[57,157375,1788],{"class":75},[57,157377,20677],{"class":71},[57,157379,157380],{"class":3903},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[57,157382,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,157384,102],{"class":101},[57,157386,105],{"class":71},[57,157388,114],{"class":113},[57,157390,74333],{"class":71},[57,157392,2277],{"class":67},[57,157394,3231],{"class":75},[57,157396,20677],{"class":71},[57,157398,157399],{"class":3903},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[43,157401,157403],{"id":157402},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157405,157406],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[30,157408,157409,157411,157414],{},[33,157410,75937],{},[33,157412,157413],{},"The result is a new tuple",[33,157415,157416],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157418,864],{},[48,157420,157422],{"className":50,"code":157421,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157423,157424,157472,157476,157494,157498,157508],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157425,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434,157436,157438,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452,157454,157456,157458,157460,157462,157464,157466,157468,157470],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157427,36322],{"class":63},[57,157429,68],{"class":67},[57,157431,9463],{"class":71},[57,157433,170],{"class":169},[57,157435,614],{"class":173},[57,157437,170],{"class":169},[57,157439,79],{"class":71},[57,157441,181],{"class":169},[57,157443,4993],{"class":173},[57,157445,170],{"class":169},[57,157447,79],{"class":71},[57,157449,181],{"class":169},[57,157451,9966],{"class":173},[57,157453,170],{"class":169},[57,157455,79],{"class":71},[57,157457,181],{"class":169},[57,157459,18999],{"class":173},[57,157461,170],{"class":169},[57,157463,79],{"class":71},[57,157465,181],{"class":169},[57,157467,60665],{"class":173},[57,157469,170],{"class":169},[57,157471,316],{"class":71},[57,157473,157474],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157475,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,157477,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157479,75867],{"class":63},[57,157481,68],{"class":67},[57,157483,70310],{"class":63},[57,157485,1785],{"class":71},[57,157487,3231],{"class":75},[57,157489,270],{"class":71},[57,157491,647],{"class":75},[57,157493,95],{"class":71},[57,157495,157496],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,157497,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,157499,157500,157502,157504,157506],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,157501,102],{"class":101},[57,157503,105],{"class":71},[57,157505,75890],{"class":113},[57,157507,316],{"class":71},[57,157509,157510,157512,157514,157516],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,157511,102],{"class":101},[57,157513,105],{"class":71},[57,157515,36375],{"class":113},[57,157517,316],{"class":71},[20,157519,216],{},[48,157521,157523],{"className":50,"code":157522,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157524,157525,157553],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157526,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157528,105],{"class":71},[57,157530,3543],{"class":169},[57,157532,4993],{"class":173},[57,157534,3543],{"class":169},[57,157536,79],{"class":71},[57,157538,3538],{"class":169},[57,157540,9966],{"class":173},[57,157542,3543],{"class":169},[57,157544,79],{"class":71},[57,157546,3538],{"class":169},[57,157548,18999],{"class":173},[57,157550,3543],{"class":169},[57,157552,316],{"class":71},[57,157554,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157556,105],{"class":71},[57,157558,3543],{"class":169},[57,157560,614],{"class":173},[57,157562,3543],{"class":169},[57,157564,79],{"class":71},[57,157566,3538],{"class":169},[57,157568,4993],{"class":173},[57,157570,3543],{"class":169},[57,157572,79],{"class":71},[57,157574,3538],{"class":169},[57,157576,9966],{"class":173},[57,157578,3543],{"class":169},[57,157580,79],{"class":71},[57,157582,3538],{"class":169},[57,157584,18999],{"class":173},[57,157586,3543],{"class":169},[57,157588,79],{"class":71},[57,157590,3538],{"class":169},[57,157592,60665],{"class":173},[57,157594,3543],{"class":169},[57,157596,316],{"class":71},[20,157598,157599,157600,620],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[614,157601,147984],{"href":157602},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[43,157604,157606],{"id":157605},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157608,157609],{},"The full syntax is:",[48,157611,157613],{"className":50,"code":157612,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157614,157615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157616,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157618,148002],{"class":63},[57,157620,1785],{"class":71},[57,157622,36304],{"class":63},[57,157624,270],{"class":71},[57,157626,75634],{"class":63},[57,157628,270],{"class":71},[57,157630,75637],{"class":63},[57,157632,95],{"class":71},[20,157634,157635],{},"Each part has a job:",[30,157637,157638,157643,157648],{},[33,157639,157640,157642],{},[15,157641,36304],{},": where slicing begins",[33,157644,157645,157647],{},[15,157646,75634],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[33,157649,157650,157652],{},[15,157651,75637],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157654,157655],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157657,864],{},[48,157659,157661],{"className":50,"code":157660,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157662,157663,157695,157699],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157664,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673,157675,157677,157679,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157666,64],{"class":63},[57,157668,68],{"class":67},[57,157670,9463],{"class":71},[57,157672,1561],{"class":75},[57,157674,79],{"class":71},[57,157676,1617],{"class":75},[57,157678,79],{"class":71},[57,157680,1575],{"class":75},[57,157682,79],{"class":71},[57,157684,51064],{"class":75},[57,157686,79],{"class":71},[57,157688,5313],{"class":75},[57,157690,79],{"class":71},[57,157692,76308],{"class":75},[57,157694,316],{"class":71},[57,157696,157697],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157698,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,157700,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713,157715,157717,157719],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157702,102],{"class":101},[57,157704,105],{"class":71},[57,157706,114],{"class":113},[57,157708,1785],{"class":71},[57,157710,3231],{"class":75},[57,157712,270],{"class":71},[57,157714,2389],{"class":75},[57,157716,270],{"class":71},[57,157718,1788],{"class":75},[57,157720,1975],{"class":71},[20,157722,216],{},[48,157724,157726],{"className":50,"code":157725,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157727,157728],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157729,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157731,105],{"class":71},[57,157733,1568],{"class":75},[57,157735,79],{"class":71},[57,157737,51064],{"class":75},[57,157739,316],{"class":71},[20,157741,157742,157743,157745,157746,157748,157749,620],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157744,3231],{},", stops before index ",[15,157747,2389],{},", and moves by ",[15,157750,1788],{},[20,157752,157753,157754,620],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[614,157755,149657],{"href":153083},[43,157757,76224],{"id":76223},[20,157759,157760],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[943,157762,157764,157765,1972],{"id":157763},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157766,76238],{},[48,157768,157770],{"className":50,"code":157769,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157771,157772,157800,157804],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157773,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157775,64],{"class":63},[57,157777,68],{"class":67},[57,157779,9463],{"class":71},[57,157781,1561],{"class":75},[57,157783,79],{"class":71},[57,157785,1617],{"class":75},[57,157787,79],{"class":71},[57,157789,1575],{"class":75},[57,157791,79],{"class":71},[57,157793,51064],{"class":75},[57,157795,79],{"class":71},[57,157797,5313],{"class":75},[57,157799,316],{"class":71},[57,157801,157802],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157803,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,157805,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157807,102],{"class":101},[57,157809,105],{"class":71},[57,157811,114],{"class":113},[57,157813,75743],{"class":71},[57,157815,76],{"class":75},[57,157817,1975],{"class":71},[20,157819,216],{},[48,157821,157822],{"className":50,"code":151349,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,157823,157824],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157825,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157827,105],{"class":71},[57,157829,1561],{"class":75},[57,157831,79],{"class":71},[57,157833,1617],{"class":75},[57,157835,79],{"class":71},[57,157837,1575],{"class":75},[57,157839,316],{"class":71},[943,157841,157843],{"id":157842},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[48,157845,157847],{"className":50,"code":157846,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157848,157849,157877,157881],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157850,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157852,64],{"class":63},[57,157854,68],{"class":67},[57,157856,9463],{"class":71},[57,157858,1561],{"class":75},[57,157860,79],{"class":71},[57,157862,1617],{"class":75},[57,157864,79],{"class":71},[57,157866,1575],{"class":75},[57,157868,79],{"class":71},[57,157870,51064],{"class":75},[57,157872,79],{"class":71},[57,157874,5313],{"class":75},[57,157876,316],{"class":71},[57,157878,157879],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157880,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,157882,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157884,102],{"class":101},[57,157886,105],{"class":71},[57,157888,114],{"class":113},[57,157890,1785],{"class":71},[57,157892,1788],{"class":75},[57,157894,77924],{"class":71},[20,157896,216],{},[48,157898,157900],{"className":50,"code":157899,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157901,157902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157903,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157905,105],{"class":71},[57,157907,37072],{"class":75},[57,157909,79],{"class":71},[57,157911,51064],{"class":75},[57,157913,79],{"class":71},[57,157915,5313],{"class":75},[57,157917,316],{"class":71},[943,157919,157921],{"id":157920},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[48,157923,157925],{"className":50,"code":157924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157926,157927,157955,157959],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157928,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157930,64],{"class":63},[57,157932,68],{"class":67},[57,157934,9463],{"class":71},[57,157936,1561],{"class":75},[57,157938,79],{"class":71},[57,157940,1617],{"class":75},[57,157942,79],{"class":71},[57,157944,1575],{"class":75},[57,157946,79],{"class":71},[57,157948,51064],{"class":75},[57,157950,79],{"class":71},[57,157952,5313],{"class":75},[57,157954,316],{"class":71},[57,157956,157957],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,157958,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,157960,157961,157963,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,157962,102],{"class":101},[57,157964,105],{"class":71},[57,157966,114],{"class":113},[57,157968,1785],{"class":71},[57,157970,3231],{"class":75},[57,157972,270],{"class":71},[57,157974,647],{"class":75},[57,157976,1975],{"class":71},[20,157978,216],{},[48,157980,157982],{"className":50,"code":157981,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157983,157984],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,157985,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,157987,105],{"class":71},[57,157989,1568],{"class":75},[57,157991,79],{"class":71},[57,157993,1575],{"class":75},[57,157995,79],{"class":71},[57,157997,51064],{"class":75},[57,157999,316],{"class":71},[943,158001,158003],{"id":158002},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[48,158005,158007],{"className":50,"code":158006,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,158008,158009,158041,158045],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158010,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158012,64],{"class":63},[57,158014,68],{"class":67},[57,158016,9463],{"class":71},[57,158018,1561],{"class":75},[57,158020,79],{"class":71},[57,158022,1617],{"class":75},[57,158024,79],{"class":71},[57,158026,1575],{"class":75},[57,158028,79],{"class":71},[57,158030,51064],{"class":75},[57,158032,79],{"class":71},[57,158034,5313],{"class":75},[57,158036,79],{"class":71},[57,158038,76308],{"class":75},[57,158040,316],{"class":71},[57,158042,158043],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158044,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158046,158047,158049,158051,158053,158055,158057],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158048,102],{"class":101},[57,158050,105],{"class":71},[57,158052,114],{"class":113},[57,158054,74333],{"class":71},[57,158056,1788],{"class":75},[57,158058,1975],{"class":71},[20,158060,216],{},[48,158062,158064],{"className":50,"code":158063,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158065,158066],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158067,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158069,105],{"class":71},[57,158071,1561],{"class":75},[57,158073,79],{"class":71},[57,158075,1575],{"class":75},[57,158077,79],{"class":71},[57,158079,5313],{"class":75},[57,158081,316],{"class":71},[943,158083,158085],{"id":158084},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[48,158087,158089],{"className":50,"code":158088,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158090,158091,158119,158123],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158092,158093,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158094,64],{"class":63},[57,158096,68],{"class":67},[57,158098,9463],{"class":71},[57,158100,1561],{"class":75},[57,158102,79],{"class":71},[57,158104,1617],{"class":75},[57,158106,79],{"class":71},[57,158108,1575],{"class":75},[57,158110,79],{"class":71},[57,158112,51064],{"class":75},[57,158114,79],{"class":71},[57,158116,5313],{"class":75},[57,158118,316],{"class":71},[57,158120,158121],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158122,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158124,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133,158135,158137],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158126,102],{"class":101},[57,158128,105],{"class":71},[57,158130,114],{"class":113},[57,158132,74333],{"class":71},[57,158134,2277],{"class":67},[57,158136,3231],{"class":75},[57,158138,1975],{"class":71},[20,158140,216],{},[48,158142,158144],{"className":50,"code":158143,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158145,158146],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158147,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158149,105],{"class":71},[57,158151,77002],{"class":75},[57,158153,79],{"class":71},[57,158155,51064],{"class":75},[57,158157,79],{"class":71},[57,158159,1575],{"class":75},[57,158161,79],{"class":71},[57,158163,1617],{"class":75},[57,158165,79],{"class":71},[57,158167,6234],{"class":75},[57,158169,316],{"class":71},[43,158171,76518],{"id":76517},[20,158173,154356],{},[20,158175,158176],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[943,158178,158180],{"id":158179},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[48,158182,158184],{"className":50,"code":158183,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158185,158186,158218,158222],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158187,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208,158210,158212,158214,158216],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158189,64],{"class":63},[57,158191,68],{"class":67},[57,158193,9463],{"class":71},[57,158195,1561],{"class":75},[57,158197,79],{"class":71},[57,158199,1617],{"class":75},[57,158201,79],{"class":71},[57,158203,1575],{"class":75},[57,158205,79],{"class":71},[57,158207,51064],{"class":75},[57,158209,79],{"class":71},[57,158211,5313],{"class":75},[57,158213,79],{"class":71},[57,158215,76308],{"class":75},[57,158217,316],{"class":71},[57,158219,158220],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158221,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158223,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158225,102],{"class":101},[57,158227,105],{"class":71},[57,158229,114],{"class":113},[57,158231,1785],{"class":71},[57,158233,2277],{"class":67},[57,158235,76],{"class":75},[57,158237,77924],{"class":71},[20,158239,216],{},[48,158241,158243],{"className":50,"code":158242,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158244,158245],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158246,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158248,105],{"class":71},[57,158250,56912],{"class":75},[57,158252,79],{"class":71},[57,158254,5313],{"class":75},[57,158256,79],{"class":71},[57,158258,76308],{"class":75},[57,158260,316],{"class":71},[943,158262,158264],{"id":158263},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[48,158266,158268],{"className":50,"code":158267,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158269,158270,158298,158302],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158271,158272,158274,158276,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294,158296],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158273,64],{"class":63},[57,158275,68],{"class":67},[57,158277,9463],{"class":71},[57,158279,1561],{"class":75},[57,158281,79],{"class":71},[57,158283,1617],{"class":75},[57,158285,79],{"class":71},[57,158287,1575],{"class":75},[57,158289,79],{"class":71},[57,158291,51064],{"class":75},[57,158293,79],{"class":71},[57,158295,5313],{"class":75},[57,158297,316],{"class":71},[57,158299,158300],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158301,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158303,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158305,102],{"class":101},[57,158307,105],{"class":71},[57,158309,114],{"class":113},[57,158311,75743],{"class":71},[57,158313,2277],{"class":67},[57,158315,3231],{"class":75},[57,158317,1975],{"class":71},[20,158319,216],{},[48,158321,158323],{"className":50,"code":158322,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158324,158325],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158326,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341,158343],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158328,105],{"class":71},[57,158330,1561],{"class":75},[57,158332,79],{"class":71},[57,158334,1617],{"class":75},[57,158336,79],{"class":71},[57,158338,1575],{"class":75},[57,158340,79],{"class":71},[57,158342,51064],{"class":75},[57,158344,316],{"class":71},[20,158346,158347,158348,620],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[614,158349,150906],{"href":157240},[43,158351,158353],{"id":158352},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158355,935,158356,158358],{},[15,158357,75637],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[30,158360,158361,158363,158365,158371],{},[33,158362,76774],{},[33,158364,76777],{},[33,158366,158367,158370],{},[15,158368,158369],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[33,158372,158373,158374,158376],{},"A step of ",[15,158375,1294],{}," is not allowed",[20,158378,158379],{},"Example with a positive step:",[48,158381,158383],{"className":50,"code":158382,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158384,158385,158417,158421],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158386,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407,158409,158411,158413,158415],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158388,64],{"class":63},[57,158390,68],{"class":67},[57,158392,9463],{"class":71},[57,158394,1561],{"class":75},[57,158396,79],{"class":71},[57,158398,1617],{"class":75},[57,158400,79],{"class":71},[57,158402,1575],{"class":75},[57,158404,79],{"class":71},[57,158406,51064],{"class":75},[57,158408,79],{"class":71},[57,158410,5313],{"class":75},[57,158412,79],{"class":71},[57,158414,76308],{"class":75},[57,158416,316],{"class":71},[57,158418,158419],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158420,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158422,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158424,102],{"class":101},[57,158426,105],{"class":71},[57,158428,114],{"class":113},[57,158430,1785],{"class":71},[57,158432,3231],{"class":75},[57,158434,270],{"class":71},[57,158436,80796],{"class":75},[57,158438,270],{"class":71},[57,158440,1788],{"class":75},[57,158442,1975],{"class":71},[20,158444,216],{},[48,158446,158448],{"className":50,"code":158447,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158449,158450],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158451,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158453,105],{"class":71},[57,158455,1568],{"class":75},[57,158457,79],{"class":71},[57,158459,51064],{"class":75},[57,158461,79],{"class":71},[57,158463,76308],{"class":75},[57,158465,316],{"class":71},[20,158467,158468],{},"Example with a negative step:",[48,158470,158472],{"className":50,"code":158471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158473,158474,158502,158506],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158475,158476,158478,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488,158490,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158477,64],{"class":63},[57,158479,68],{"class":67},[57,158481,9463],{"class":71},[57,158483,1561],{"class":75},[57,158485,79],{"class":71},[57,158487,1617],{"class":75},[57,158489,79],{"class":71},[57,158491,1575],{"class":75},[57,158493,79],{"class":71},[57,158495,51064],{"class":75},[57,158497,79],{"class":71},[57,158499,5313],{"class":75},[57,158501,316],{"class":71},[57,158503,158504],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158505,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158507,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158509,102],{"class":101},[57,158511,105],{"class":71},[57,158513,114],{"class":113},[57,158515,1785],{"class":71},[57,158517,647],{"class":75},[57,158519,270],{"class":71},[57,158521,3231],{"class":75},[57,158523,270],{"class":71},[57,158525,2277],{"class":67},[57,158527,3231],{"class":75},[57,158529,1975],{"class":71},[20,158531,216],{},[48,158533,158535],{"className":50,"code":158534,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158536,158537],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158538,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547,158549,158551],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158540,105],{"class":71},[57,158542,77002],{"class":75},[57,158544,79],{"class":71},[57,158546,51064],{"class":75},[57,158548,79],{"class":71},[57,158550,1575],{"class":75},[57,158552,316],{"class":71},[20,158554,158555],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[48,158557,158559],{"className":50,"code":158558,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158560,158561,158581,158585],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158562,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577,158579],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158564,64],{"class":63},[57,158566,68],{"class":67},[57,158568,9463],{"class":71},[57,158570,1561],{"class":75},[57,158572,79],{"class":71},[57,158574,1617],{"class":75},[57,158576,79],{"class":71},[57,158578,1575],{"class":75},[57,158580,316],{"class":71},[57,158582,158583],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158584,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158586,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158588,102],{"class":101},[57,158590,105],{"class":71},[57,158592,114],{"class":113},[57,158594,74333],{"class":71},[57,158596,1294],{"class":75},[57,158598,1975],{"class":71},[20,158600,158601],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[43,158603,158605],{"id":158604},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158607,158608,158609,33971],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[1399,158610,49174],{},[943,158612,158614],{"id":158613},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[48,158616,158618],{"className":50,"code":158617,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158619,158620,158644,158648,158666,158670,158680],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158621,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158623,64],{"class":63},[57,158625,68],{"class":67},[57,158627,9463],{"class":71},[57,158629,1561],{"class":75},[57,158631,79],{"class":71},[57,158633,1617],{"class":75},[57,158635,79],{"class":71},[57,158637,1575],{"class":75},[57,158639,79],{"class":71},[57,158641,51064],{"class":75},[57,158643,316],{"class":71},[57,158645,158646],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158647,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158649,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158651,1336],{"class":63},[57,158653,68],{"class":67},[57,158655,4495],{"class":63},[57,158657,1785],{"class":71},[57,158659,3231],{"class":75},[57,158661,270],{"class":71},[57,158663,76],{"class":75},[57,158665,95],{"class":71},[57,158667,158668],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,158669,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158671,158672,158674,158676,158678],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,158673,102],{"class":101},[57,158675,105],{"class":71},[57,158677,1368],{"class":113},[57,158679,316],{"class":71},[57,158681,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,158683,102],{"class":101},[57,158685,105],{"class":71},[57,158687,1886],{"class":1102},[57,158689,105],{"class":71},[57,158691,1368],{"class":113},[57,158693,117],{"class":71},[20,158695,216],{},[48,158697,158699],{"className":50,"code":158698,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158700,158701,158713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158702,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158704,105],{"class":71},[57,158706,1568],{"class":75},[57,158708,79],{"class":71},[57,158710,1575],{"class":75},[57,158712,316],{"class":71},[57,158714,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158716,3532],{"class":67},[57,158718,3535],{"class":1208},[57,158720,3538],{"class":169},[57,158722,49174],{"class":173},[57,158724,3543],{"class":169},[57,158726,3546],{"class":67},[943,158728,158730],{"id":158729},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[48,158732,158734],{"className":50,"code":158733,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158735,158736,158756,158760,158778,158782,158792],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158737,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752,158754],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158739,64],{"class":63},[57,158741,68],{"class":67},[57,158743,9463],{"class":71},[57,158745,1561],{"class":75},[57,158747,79],{"class":71},[57,158749,1617],{"class":75},[57,158751,79],{"class":71},[57,158753,1575],{"class":75},[57,158755,316],{"class":71},[57,158757,158758],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158759,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158761,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158763,1336],{"class":63},[57,158765,68],{"class":67},[57,158767,4495],{"class":63},[57,158769,1785],{"class":71},[57,158771,3231],{"class":75},[57,158773,270],{"class":71},[57,158775,1788],{"class":75},[57,158777,95],{"class":71},[57,158779,158780],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,158781,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158783,158784,158786,158788,158790],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,158785,102],{"class":101},[57,158787,105],{"class":71},[57,158789,1368],{"class":113},[57,158791,316],{"class":71},[57,158793,158794,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,158795,102],{"class":101},[57,158797,105],{"class":71},[57,158799,1886],{"class":1102},[57,158801,105],{"class":71},[57,158803,1368],{"class":113},[57,158805,117],{"class":71},[20,158807,216],{},[48,158809,158811],{"className":50,"code":158810,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158812,158813,158821],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158814,158815,158817,158819],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158816,105],{"class":71},[57,158818,1568],{"class":75},[57,158820,149340],{"class":71},[57,158822,158823,158825,158827,158829,158831,158833],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158824,3532],{"class":67},[57,158826,3535],{"class":1208},[57,158828,3538],{"class":169},[57,158830,49174],{"class":173},[57,158832,3543],{"class":169},[57,158834,3546],{"class":67},[943,158836,158838],{"id":158837},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[48,158840,158842],{"className":50,"code":158841,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158843,158844,158864,158868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158845,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158847,64],{"class":63},[57,158849,68],{"class":67},[57,158851,9463],{"class":71},[57,158853,1561],{"class":75},[57,158855,79],{"class":71},[57,158857,1617],{"class":75},[57,158859,79],{"class":71},[57,158861,1575],{"class":75},[57,158863,316],{"class":71},[57,158865,158866],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158867,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158869,158870,158872,158874,158876,158878,158880,158882,158884],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158871,102],{"class":101},[57,158873,105],{"class":71},[57,158875,114],{"class":113},[57,158877,1785],{"class":71},[57,158879,2389],{"class":75},[57,158881,270],{"class":71},[57,158883,2595],{"class":75},[57,158885,1975],{"class":71},[20,158887,216],{},[48,158889,158890],{"className":50,"code":8870,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,158891,158892],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158893,158894],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158895,8870],{"class":71},[20,158897,158898,158899,620],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[614,158900,156076],{"href":150963},[43,158902,158904],{"id":158903},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158906,158907],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[30,158909,158910,158912,158915,158920],{},[33,158911,77083],{},[33,158913,158914],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[33,158916,158917,158918],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158919,70945],{},[33,158921,158922],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158924,864],{},[48,158926,158928],{"className":50,"code":158927,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158929,158930,158950,158954,158971,158992],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,158931,158932,158934,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,158933,64],{"class":63},[57,158935,68],{"class":67},[57,158937,9463],{"class":71},[57,158939,1561],{"class":75},[57,158941,79],{"class":71},[57,158943,1617],{"class":75},[57,158945,79],{"class":71},[57,158947,1575],{"class":75},[57,158949,316],{"class":71},[57,158951,158952],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,158953,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,158955,158956,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,158957,102],{"class":101},[57,158959,105],{"class":71},[57,158961,114],{"class":113},[57,158963,1785],{"class":71},[57,158965,3231],{"class":75},[57,158967,20677],{"class":71},[57,158969,158970],{"class":3903},"    # one item\n",[57,158972,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,158974,102],{"class":101},[57,158976,105],{"class":71},[57,158978,114],{"class":113},[57,158980,1785],{"class":71},[57,158982,3231],{"class":75},[57,158984,270],{"class":71},[57,158986,2389],{"class":75},[57,158988,20677],{"class":71},[57,158990,158991],{"class":3903},"  # slice\n",[57,158993,158994,158996,158998,159000,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,158995,102],{"class":101},[57,158997,105],{"class":71},[57,158999,114],{"class":113},[57,159001,1785],{"class":71},[57,159003,2389],{"class":75},[57,159005,270],{"class":71},[57,159007,2595],{"class":75},[57,159009,20677],{"class":71},[57,159011,159012],{"class":3903},"  # empty slice\n",[20,159014,216],{},[48,159016,159018],{"className":50,"code":159017,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,159019,159020,159024,159036],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159021,159022],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159023,71438],{"class":75},[57,159025,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159027,105],{"class":71},[57,159029,1568],{"class":75},[57,159031,79],{"class":71},[57,159033,1575],{"class":75},[57,159035,316],{"class":71},[57,159037,159038],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159039,8870],{"class":71},[20,159041,159042],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[48,159044,159046],{"className":50,"code":159045,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159047,159048,159068,159072],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159049,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060,159062,159064,159066],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159051,64],{"class":63},[57,159053,68],{"class":67},[57,159055,9463],{"class":71},[57,159057,1561],{"class":75},[57,159059,79],{"class":71},[57,159061,1617],{"class":75},[57,159063,79],{"class":71},[57,159065,1575],{"class":75},[57,159067,316],{"class":71},[57,159069,159070],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159071,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,159073,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082,159084],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159075,102],{"class":101},[57,159077,105],{"class":71},[57,159079,114],{"class":113},[57,159081,1785],{"class":71},[57,159083,2389],{"class":75},[57,159085,1975],{"class":71},[20,159087,159088,159089,159091,159092,620],{},"This raises an ",[15,159090,70945],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[614,159093,154829],{"href":159094},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[43,159096,15407],{"id":77350},[20,159098,159099],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[30,159101,159102,159105,159107,159110],{},[33,159103,159104],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[33,159106,60910],{},[33,159108,159109],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[33,159111,159112,159113],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159114,1294],{},[20,159116,159117],{},"Here are a few examples.",[943,159119,159121],{"id":159120},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[48,159123,159124],{"className":50,"code":157924,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159125,159126,159154,159158],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159127,159128,159130,159132,159134,159136,159138,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159129,64],{"class":63},[57,159131,68],{"class":67},[57,159133,9463],{"class":71},[57,159135,1561],{"class":75},[57,159137,79],{"class":71},[57,159139,1617],{"class":75},[57,159141,79],{"class":71},[57,159143,1575],{"class":75},[57,159145,79],{"class":71},[57,159147,51064],{"class":75},[57,159149,79],{"class":71},[57,159151,5313],{"class":75},[57,159153,316],{"class":71},[57,159155,159156],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159157,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,159159,159160,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170,159172,159174],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159161,102],{"class":101},[57,159163,105],{"class":71},[57,159165,114],{"class":113},[57,159167,1785],{"class":71},[57,159169,3231],{"class":75},[57,159171,270],{"class":71},[57,159173,647],{"class":75},[57,159175,1975],{"class":71},[20,159177,216],{},[48,159179,159180],{"className":50,"code":157981,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159181,159182],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159183,159184,159186,159188,159190,159192,159194,159196],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159185,105],{"class":71},[57,159187,1568],{"class":75},[57,159189,79],{"class":71},[57,159191,1575],{"class":75},[57,159193,79],{"class":71},[57,159195,51064],{"class":75},[57,159197,316],{"class":71},[20,159199,132408,159200,159202],{},[15,159201,647],{}," is not included.",[943,159204,159206],{"id":159205},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159208,4758],{},[48,159210,159212],{"className":50,"code":159211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159213,159214,159238,159242],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159215,159216,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159217,64],{"class":63},[57,159219,68],{"class":67},[57,159221,9463],{"class":71},[57,159223,1561],{"class":75},[57,159225,79],{"class":71},[57,159227,1617],{"class":75},[57,159229,79],{"class":71},[57,159231,1575],{"class":75},[57,159233,79],{"class":71},[57,159235,51064],{"class":75},[57,159237,316],{"class":71},[57,159239,159240],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159241,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,159243,159244],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159245,159246],{"class":3903},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159248,159249],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[48,159251,159252],{"className":50,"code":154909,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159253,159254,159278,159282],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159255,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274,159276],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159257,64],{"class":63},[57,159259,68],{"class":67},[57,159261,9463],{"class":71},[57,159263,1561],{"class":75},[57,159265,79],{"class":71},[57,159267,1617],{"class":75},[57,159269,79],{"class":71},[57,159271,1575],{"class":75},[57,159273,79],{"class":71},[57,159275,51064],{"class":75},[57,159277,316],{"class":71},[57,159279,159280],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159281,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,159283,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159285,102],{"class":101},[57,159287,105],{"class":71},[57,159289,114],{"class":113},[57,159291,1785],{"class":71},[57,159293,3231],{"class":75},[57,159295,270],{"class":71},[57,159297,76],{"class":75},[57,159299,1975],{"class":71},[943,159301,159303],{"id":159302},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[48,159305,159307],{"className":50,"code":159306,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159308,159309,159333,159337,159352,159356,159367],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159310,159311,159313,159315,159317,159319,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159312,64],{"class":63},[57,159314,68],{"class":67},[57,159316,9463],{"class":71},[57,159318,1561],{"class":75},[57,159320,79],{"class":71},[57,159322,1617],{"class":75},[57,159324,79],{"class":71},[57,159326,1575],{"class":75},[57,159328,79],{"class":71},[57,159330,51064],{"class":75},[57,159332,316],{"class":71},[57,159334,159335],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159336,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,159338,159339,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159340,159341],{"class":63},"slice_result ",[57,159343,68],{"class":67},[57,159345,4495],{"class":63},[57,159347,75743],{"class":71},[57,159349,1788],{"class":75},[57,159351,95],{"class":71},[57,159353,159354],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,159355,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,159357,159358,159360,159362,159365],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,159359,102],{"class":101},[57,159361,105],{"class":71},[57,159363,159364],{"class":113},"slice_result",[57,159366,316],{"class":71},[57,159368,159369,159371,159373,159375],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,159370,102],{"class":101},[57,159372,105],{"class":71},[57,159374,114],{"class":113},[57,159376,316],{"class":71},[20,159378,216],{},[48,159380,159382],{"className":50,"code":159381,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159383,159384,159396],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159385,159386,159388,159390,159392,159394],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159387,105],{"class":71},[57,159389,1561],{"class":75},[57,159391,79],{"class":71},[57,159393,1617],{"class":75},[57,159395,316],{"class":71},[57,159397,159398,159400,159402,159404,159406,159408,159410,159412,159414],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159399,105],{"class":71},[57,159401,1561],{"class":75},[57,159403,79],{"class":71},[57,159405,1617],{"class":75},[57,159407,79],{"class":71},[57,159409,1575],{"class":75},[57,159411,79],{"class":71},[57,159413,51064],{"class":75},[57,159415,316],{"class":71},[20,159417,159418],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[43,159420,113722],{"id":113721},[20,159422,159423],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[30,159425,159426,159429,159432,159438,159441],{},[33,159427,159428],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[33,159430,159431],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[33,159433,159434,159435],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159436,159437],{},"tuple[::0]",[33,159439,159440],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[33,159442,159443],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159445,159446],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[48,159448,159450],{"className":50,"code":159449,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159451,159452,159462,159480,159502],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159453,159454,159456,159458,159460],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159455,102],{"class":101},[57,159457,105],{"class":71},[57,159459,148002],{"class":113},[57,159461,316],{"class":71},[57,159463,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159465,102],{"class":101},[57,159467,105],{"class":71},[57,159469,148002],{"class":113},[57,159471,1785],{"class":71},[57,159473,3231],{"class":75},[57,159475,270],{"class":71},[57,159477,647],{"class":75},[57,159479,1975],{"class":71},[57,159481,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159483,102],{"class":101},[57,159485,105],{"class":71},[57,159487,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159489,105],{"class":71},[57,159491,148002],{"class":113},[57,159493,1785],{"class":71},[57,159495,3231],{"class":75},[57,159497,270],{"class":71},[57,159499,647],{"class":75},[57,159501,3242],{"class":71},[57,159503,159504,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,159505,102],{"class":101},[57,159507,105],{"class":71},[57,159509,1007],{"class":101},[57,159511,105],{"class":71},[57,159513,148002],{"class":113},[57,159515,117],{"class":71},[20,159517,11397],{},[30,159519,159520,159522,159525,159528],{},[33,159521,155216],{},[33,159523,159524],{},"what the slice actually returns",[33,159526,159527],{},"that the result is a tuple",[33,159529,159530],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[43,159532,2011],{"id":2010},[943,159534,159536],{"id":159535},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159538,159539],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[943,159541,159543],{"id":159542},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159545,159546],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[943,159548,2015,159550,40189],{"id":159549},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159551,158369],{},[20,159553,159554],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[943,159556,159558,159559,2053],{"id":159557},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159560,70945],{},[20,159562,159563,159564,620],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159565,70945],{},[43,159567,2135],{"id":2134},[30,159569,159570,159574,159578,159582,159586],{},[33,159571,159572],{},[614,159573,156076],{"href":150963},[33,159575,159576],{},[614,159577,149657],{"href":153083},[33,159579,159580],{},[614,159581,150906],{"href":157240},[33,159583,159584],{},[614,159585,147984],{"href":157602},[33,159587,159588],{},[614,159589,154829],{"href":159094},[2172,159591,159592],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":159594},[159595,159596,159597,159598,159606,159610,159611,159616,159617,159622,159623,159631],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":157402,"depth":98,"text":157403},{"id":157605,"depth":98,"text":157606},{"id":76223,"depth":98,"text":76224,"children":159599},[159600,159602,159603,159604,159605],{"id":157763,"depth":120,"text":159601},"Get the first n items",{"id":157842,"depth":120,"text":157843},{"id":157920,"depth":120,"text":157921},{"id":158002,"depth":120,"text":158003},{"id":158084,"depth":120,"text":158085},{"id":76517,"depth":98,"text":76518,"children":159607},[159608,159609],{"id":158179,"depth":120,"text":158180},{"id":158263,"depth":120,"text":158264},{"id":158352,"depth":98,"text":158353},{"id":158604,"depth":98,"text":158605,"children":159612},[159613,159614,159615],{"id":158613,"depth":120,"text":158614},{"id":158729,"depth":120,"text":158730},{"id":158837,"depth":120,"text":158838},{"id":158903,"depth":98,"text":158904},{"id":77350,"depth":98,"text":15407,"children":159618},[159619,159620,159621],{"id":159120,"depth":120,"text":159121},{"id":159205,"depth":120,"text":159206},{"id":159302,"depth":120,"text":159303},{"id":113721,"depth":98,"text":113722},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":159624},[159625,159626,159627,159629],{"id":159535,"depth":120,"text":159536},{"id":159542,"depth":120,"text":159543},{"id":159549,"depth":120,"text":159628},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159557,"depth":120,"text":159630},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157246,"description":159632},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159639,"title":159640,"body":159641,"description":161464,"extension":2219,"meta":161465,"navigation":123,"path":35038,"seo":161466,"stem":161467,"__hash__":161468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159642,"toc":161430},[159643,159648,159653,159657,159675,159678,159693,159699,159701,159758,159760,159792,159804,159810,159815,159818,159853,159859,159861,159864,159878,159881,159883,159906,159908,159926,159929,159945,159947,159950,160063,160065,160154,160157,160162,160168,160171,160174,160273,160275,160334,160339,160342,160411,160415,160447,160463,160468,160475,160482,160494,160496,160545,160547,160570,160576,160624,160629,160636,160644,160650,160653,160677,160680,160682,160758,160760,160785,160791,160794,160799,160803,160817,160819,160882,160884,160916,160919,160935,160937,160943,160950,160952,160971,160973,160991,160998,161003,161010,161012,161049,161052,161059,161063,161066,161124,161127,161130,161185,161187,161199,161205,161207,161211,161244,161251,161253,161316,161319,161321,161326,161340,161347,161355,161364,161373,161379,161385,161387,161427],[10,159644,13,159646,18],{"id":159645},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159647,2552],{},[20,159649,32547,159650,159652],{},[15,159651,2552],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159654,62985,159655,104566],{},[15,159656,2552],{},[30,159658,159659,159662,159665,159668],{},[33,159660,159661],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[33,159663,159664],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[33,159666,159667],{},"debug confusing code",[33,159669,159670,159671],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[614,159672,159673],{"href":8447},[15,159674,3201],{},[20,159676,159677],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[48,159679,159681],{"className":50,"code":159680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(object)\n",[15,159682,159683],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159684,159685,159687,159689,159691],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159686,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159688,105],{"class":71},[57,159690,42624],{"class":1102},[57,159692,316],{"class":71},[20,159694,159695,159696,159698],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159697,2552],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[43,159700,3850],{"id":3849},[48,159702,159704],{"className":50,"code":159703,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159705,159706,159718,159732,159736,159744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159707,159708,159710,159712,159714,159716],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159709,8103],{"class":63},[57,159711,68],{"class":67},[57,159713,181],{"class":169},[57,159715,5237],{"class":173},[57,159717,3602],{"class":169},[57,159719,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159721,102],{"class":101},[57,159723,105],{"class":71},[57,159725,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159727,105],{"class":71},[57,159729,7898],{"class":113},[57,159731,117],{"class":71},[57,159733,159734],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159735,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,159737,159738,159740,159742],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,159739,2469],{"class":63},[57,159741,68],{"class":67},[57,159743,2832],{"class":75},[57,159745,159746,159748,159750,159752,159754,159756],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,159747,102],{"class":101},[57,159749,105],{"class":71},[57,159751,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159753,105],{"class":71},[57,159755,2490],{"class":113},[57,159757,117],{"class":71},[20,159759,216],{},[48,159761,159762],{"className":50,"code":125069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159763,159764,159778],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159765,159766,159768,159770,159772,159774,159776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159767,3532],{"class":67},[57,159769,3535],{"class":1208},[57,159771,3538],{"class":169},[57,159773,1103],{"class":173},[57,159775,3543],{"class":169},[57,159777,3546],{"class":67},[57,159779,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159781,3532],{"class":67},[57,159783,3535],{"class":1208},[57,159785,3538],{"class":169},[57,159787,2440],{"class":173},[57,159789,3543],{"class":169},[57,159791,3546],{"class":67},[20,159793,1806,159794,159797,159798,1242,159801,620],{},[15,159795,159796],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159799,159800],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159802,159803],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[43,159805,13226,159807,159809],{"id":159806},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159808,2552],{}," function does",[20,159811,159812,159814],{},[15,159813,2552],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159816,159817],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[30,159819,159820,159825,159830,159835,159840,159845],{},[33,159821,159822,159824],{},[15,159823,1103],{}," for text",[33,159826,159827,159829],{},[15,159828,2440],{}," for whole numbers",[33,159831,159832,159834],{},[15,159833,2444],{}," for decimal numbers",[33,159836,159837,159839],{},[15,159838,8321],{}," for lists",[33,159841,159842,159844],{},[15,159843,9049],{}," for dictionaries",[33,159846,159847,69310,159849,1242,159851],{},[15,159848,4106],{},[15,159850,3845],{},[15,159852,3914],{},[20,159854,159855,159856,159858],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159857,2552],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[43,159860,294],{"id":293},[20,159862,159863],{},"The main beginner form is:",[48,159865,159866],{"className":50,"code":159680,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159867,159868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159869,159870,159872,159874,159876],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159871,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159873,105],{"class":71},[57,159875,42624],{"class":1102},[57,159877,316],{"class":71},[20,159879,159880],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159882,864],{},[48,159884,159886],{"className":50,"code":159885,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159887,159888],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159889,159890,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902,159904],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159891,102],{"class":101},[57,159893,105],{"class":71},[57,159895,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159897,105],{"class":71},[57,159899,170],{"class":169},[57,159901,4084],{"class":173},[57,159903,170],{"class":169},[57,159905,117],{"class":71},[20,159907,216],{},[48,159909,159910],{"className":50,"code":45996,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,159911,159912],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159913,159914,159916,159918,159920,159922,159924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159915,3532],{"class":67},[57,159917,3535],{"class":1208},[57,159919,3538],{"class":169},[57,159921,1103],{"class":173},[57,159923,3543],{"class":169},[57,159925,3546],{"class":67},[20,159927,159928],{},"You can pass either:",[30,159930,159931,159938],{},[33,159932,159933,159934,3122,159936],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159935,64753],{},[15,159937,46751],{},[33,159939,159940,159941,3122,159943],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159942,7898],{},[15,159944,9526],{},[43,159946,121881],{"id":121880},[20,159948,159949],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[48,159951,159953],{"className":50,"code":159952,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159954,159955,159973,159987,160001,160023,160049],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,159956,159957,159959,159961,159963,159965,159967,159969,159971],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,159958,102],{"class":101},[57,159960,105],{"class":71},[57,159962,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159964,105],{"class":71},[57,159966,170],{"class":169},[57,159968,4084],{"class":173},[57,159970,170],{"class":169},[57,159972,117],{"class":71},[57,159974,159975,159977,159979,159981,159983,159985],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,159976,102],{"class":101},[57,159978,105],{"class":71},[57,159980,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159982,105],{"class":71},[57,159984,1561],{"class":75},[57,159986,117],{"class":71},[57,159988,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997,159999],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,159990,102],{"class":101},[57,159992,105],{"class":71},[57,159994,1886],{"class":1102},[57,159996,105],{"class":71},[57,159998,40372],{"class":75},[57,160000,117],{"class":71},[57,160002,160003,160005,160007,160009,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160004,102],{"class":101},[57,160006,105],{"class":71},[57,160008,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160010,1949],{"class":71},[57,160012,3231],{"class":75},[57,160014,79],{"class":71},[57,160016,87],{"class":75},[57,160018,79],{"class":71},[57,160020,1793],{"class":75},[57,160022,3242],{"class":71},[57,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,160026,102],{"class":101},[57,160028,105],{"class":71},[57,160030,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160032,5761],{"class":71},[57,160034,170],{"class":169},[57,160036,7898],{"class":173},[57,160038,170],{"class":169},[57,160040,270],{"class":71},[57,160042,181],{"class":169},[57,160044,5237],{"class":173},[57,160046,170],{"class":169},[57,160048,5770],{"class":71},[57,160050,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,160052,102],{"class":101},[57,160054,105],{"class":71},[57,160056,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160058,105],{"class":71},[57,160060,3845],{"class":1523},[57,160062,117],{"class":71},[20,160064,216],{},[48,160066,160068],{"className":50,"code":160067,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160069,160070,160084,160098,160112,160126,160140],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160071,160072,160074,160076,160078,160080,160082],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160073,3532],{"class":67},[57,160075,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160077,3538],{"class":169},[57,160079,1103],{"class":173},[57,160081,3543],{"class":169},[57,160083,3546],{"class":67},[57,160085,160086,160088,160090,160092,160094,160096],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160087,3532],{"class":67},[57,160089,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160091,3538],{"class":169},[57,160093,2440],{"class":173},[57,160095,3543],{"class":169},[57,160097,3546],{"class":67},[57,160099,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160101,3532],{"class":67},[57,160103,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160105,3538],{"class":169},[57,160107,2444],{"class":173},[57,160109,3543],{"class":169},[57,160111,3546],{"class":67},[57,160113,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160115,3532],{"class":67},[57,160117,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160119,3538],{"class":169},[57,160121,8321],{"class":173},[57,160123,3543],{"class":169},[57,160125,3546],{"class":67},[57,160127,160128,160130,160132,160134,160136,160138],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,160129,3532],{"class":67},[57,160131,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160133,3538],{"class":169},[57,160135,9049],{"class":173},[57,160137,3543],{"class":169},[57,160139,3546],{"class":67},[57,160141,160142,160144,160146,160148,160150,160152],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,160143,3532],{"class":67},[57,160145,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160147,3538],{"class":169},[57,160149,4106],{"class":173},[57,160151,3543],{"class":169},[57,160153,3546],{"class":67},[20,160155,160156],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160158,160159,160160,620],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[614,160161,45023],{"href":49199},[43,160163,443,160165,160167],{"id":160164},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160166,2552],{}," with variables",[20,160169,160170],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160172,160173],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[48,160175,160177],{"className":50,"code":160176,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160178,160179,160187,160205,160209,160221,160239,160243,160255],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160180,160181,160183,160185],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160182,2696],{"class":63},[57,160184,68],{"class":67},[57,160186,2832],{"class":75},[57,160188,160189,160191,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201,160203],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160190,102],{"class":101},[57,160192,105],{"class":71},[57,160194,364],{"class":113},[57,160196,79],{"class":71},[57,160198,49611],{"class":1102},[57,160200,105],{"class":71},[57,160202,364],{"class":113},[57,160204,117],{"class":71},[57,160206,160207],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160208,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,160210,160211,160213,160215,160217,160219],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160212,2696],{"class":63},[57,160214,68],{"class":67},[57,160216,181],{"class":169},[57,160218,46133],{"class":173},[57,160220,3602],{"class":169},[57,160222,160223,160225,160227,160229,160231,160233,160235,160237],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,160224,102],{"class":101},[57,160226,105],{"class":71},[57,160228,364],{"class":113},[57,160230,79],{"class":71},[57,160232,49611],{"class":1102},[57,160234,105],{"class":71},[57,160236,364],{"class":113},[57,160238,117],{"class":71},[57,160240,160241],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,160242,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,160244,160245,160247,160249,160251,160253],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,160246,2696],{"class":63},[57,160248,68],{"class":67},[57,160250,72],{"class":71},[57,160252,1561],{"class":75},[57,160254,95],{"class":71},[57,160256,160257,160259,160261,160263,160265,160267,160269,160271],{"class":59,"line":6655},[57,160258,102],{"class":101},[57,160260,105],{"class":71},[57,160262,364],{"class":113},[57,160264,79],{"class":71},[57,160266,49611],{"class":1102},[57,160268,105],{"class":71},[57,160270,364],{"class":113},[57,160272,117],{"class":71},[20,160274,216],{},[48,160276,160278],{"className":50,"code":160277,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160279,160280,160297,160314],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160281,160282,160284,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160283,1561],{"class":75},[57,160285,160286],{"class":67}," \u003C",[57,160288,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160290,3538],{"class":169},[57,160292,2440],{"class":173},[57,160294,3543],{"class":169},[57,160296,3546],{"class":67},[57,160298,160299,160302,160304,160306,160308,160310,160312],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160300,160301],{"class":63},"ten ",[57,160303,3532],{"class":67},[57,160305,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160307,3538],{"class":169},[57,160309,1103],{"class":173},[57,160311,3543],{"class":169},[57,160313,3546],{"class":67},[57,160315,160316,160318,160320,160322,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160317,1785],{"class":71},[57,160319,1561],{"class":75},[57,160321,13504],{"class":71},[57,160323,160286],{"class":67},[57,160325,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160327,3538],{"class":169},[57,160329,8321],{"class":173},[57,160331,3543],{"class":169},[57,160333,3546],{"class":67},[20,160335,160336,160338],{},[15,160337,2552],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160340,160341],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[48,160343,160345],{"className":50,"code":160344,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160346,160347,160365,160379,160383,160397],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160348,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357,160359,160361,160363],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160350,3635],{"class":63},[57,160352,68],{"class":67},[57,160354,8470],{"class":101},[57,160356,105],{"class":71},[57,160358,170],{"class":169},[57,160360,42098],{"class":173},[57,160362,170],{"class":169},[57,160364,316],{"class":71},[57,160366,160367,160369,160371,160373,160375,160377],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160368,102],{"class":101},[57,160370,105],{"class":71},[57,160372,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160374,105],{"class":71},[57,160376,3661],{"class":113},[57,160378,117],{"class":71},[57,160380,160381],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160382,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,160384,160385,160387,160389,160391,160393,160395],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160386,122993],{"class":63},[57,160388,68],{"class":67},[57,160390,45502],{"class":1102},[57,160392,105],{"class":71},[57,160394,3661],{"class":113},[57,160396,316],{"class":71},[57,160398,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,160400,102],{"class":101},[57,160402,105],{"class":71},[57,160404,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160406,105],{"class":71},[57,160408,123016],{"class":113},[57,160410,117],{"class":71},[20,160412,41347,160413,41351],{},[15,160414,9420],{},[48,160416,160417],{"className":50,"code":125069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160418,160419,160433],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160420,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429,160431],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160422,3532],{"class":67},[57,160424,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160426,3538],{"class":169},[57,160428,1103],{"class":173},[57,160430,3543],{"class":169},[57,160432,3546],{"class":67},[57,160434,160435,160437,160439,160441,160443,160445],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160436,3532],{"class":67},[57,160438,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160440,3538],{"class":169},[57,160442,2440],{"class":173},[57,160444,3543],{"class":169},[57,160446,3546],{"class":67},[20,160448,45929,160449,160453,160454,3122,160458,160462],{},[614,160450,160451],{"href":8447},[15,160452,3201],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[614,160455,160456],{"href":3118},[15,160457,3121],{},[614,160459,160460],{"href":3125},[15,160461,3128],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160464,160465,160466,620],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[614,160467,9209],{"href":9208},[43,160469,160471,1682,160473],{"id":160470},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160472,2552],{},[15,160474,45031],{},[20,160476,160477,1242,160479,160481],{},[15,160478,2552],{},[15,160480,45031],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[30,160483,160484,160489],{},[33,160485,160486,160488],{},[15,160487,2552],{}," tells you the exact type",[33,160490,160491,160493],{},[15,160492,45031],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160495,864],{},[48,160497,160499],{"className":50,"code":160498,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160500,160501,160509,160513,160527],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160502,160503,160505,160507],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160504,2696],{"class":63},[57,160506,68],{"class":67},[57,160508,35072],{"class":75},[57,160510,160511],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160512,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,160514,160515,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160516,102],{"class":101},[57,160518,105],{"class":71},[57,160520,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160522,105],{"class":71},[57,160524,364],{"class":113},[57,160526,117],{"class":71},[57,160528,160529,160531,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160530,102],{"class":101},[57,160532,105],{"class":71},[57,160534,49096],{"class":101},[57,160536,105],{"class":71},[57,160538,364],{"class":113},[57,160540,79],{"class":71},[57,160542,45502],{"class":1102},[57,160544,117],{"class":71},[20,160546,216],{},[48,160548,160550],{"className":50,"code":160549,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160551,160552,160566],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160553,160554,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160555,3532],{"class":67},[57,160557,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160559,3538],{"class":169},[57,160561,2440],{"class":173},[57,160563,3543],{"class":169},[57,160565,3546],{"class":67},[57,160567,160568],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160569,4214],{"class":1523},[20,160571,160572,160573,160575],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160574,45031],{}," is more practical.",[48,160577,160579],{"className":50,"code":160578,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160580,160581,160589,160593,160609],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160582,160583,160585,160587],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160584,2696],{"class":63},[57,160586,68],{"class":67},[57,160588,35072],{"class":75},[57,160590,160591],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160592,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,160594,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605,160607],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160596,7228],{"class":1962},[57,160598,49833],{"class":101},[57,160600,105],{"class":71},[57,160602,364],{"class":113},[57,160604,79],{"class":71},[57,160606,45502],{"class":1102},[57,160608,8570],{"class":71},[57,160610,160611,160613,160615,160617,160620,160622],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160612,8296],{"class":101},[57,160614,105],{"class":71},[57,160616,170],{"class":169},[57,160618,160619],{"class":173},"This is an integer",[57,160621,170],{"class":169},[57,160623,316],{"class":71},[20,160625,1806,160626,160628],{},[15,160627,2552],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160630,1806,160631,160633,160634,7403],{},[15,160632,45031],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160635,7228],{},[20,160637,160638,160639,620],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[614,160640,13,160642,2144],{"href":160641},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160643,45031],{},[43,160645,160647,160648],{"id":160646},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160649,2552],{},[20,160651,160652],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[48,160654,160656],{"className":50,"code":160655,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160657,160658],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160659,160660,160662,160664,160666,160668,160671,160673,160675],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160661,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160663,105],{"class":71},[57,160665,7898],{"class":113},[57,160667,79],{"class":71},[57,160669,160670],{"class":113}," bases",[57,160672,79],{"class":71},[57,160674,9398],{"class":1102},[57,160676,316],{"class":71},[20,160678,160679],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160681,864],{},[48,160683,160685],{"className":50,"code":160684,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160686,160687,160730,160734,160744],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160688,160689,160692,160694,160696,160698,160700,160703,160705,160707,160710,160712,160714,160717,160719,160721,160723,160726,160728],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160690,160691],{"class":63},"Person ",[57,160693,68],{"class":67},[57,160695,49611],{"class":1102},[57,160697,105],{"class":71},[57,160699,170],{"class":169},[57,160701,160702],{"class":173},"Person",[57,160704,170],{"class":169},[57,160706,79],{"class":71},[57,160708,160709],{"class":71}," (),",[57,160711,10718],{"class":71},[57,160713,170],{"class":169},[57,160715,160716],{"class":173},"species",[57,160718,170],{"class":169},[57,160720,270],{"class":71},[57,160722,181],{"class":169},[57,160724,160725],{"class":173},"human",[57,160727,170],{"class":169},[57,160729,30726],{"class":71},[57,160731,160732],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160733,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,160735,160736,160738,160740,160742],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160737,102],{"class":101},[57,160739,105],{"class":71},[57,160741,160702],{"class":113},[57,160743,316],{"class":71},[57,160745,160746,160748,160750,160752,160754,160756],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160747,102],{"class":101},[57,160749,105],{"class":71},[57,160751,160702],{"class":113},[57,160753,620],{"class":71},[57,160755,160716],{"class":1108},[57,160757,316],{"class":71},[20,160759,216],{},[48,160761,160763],{"className":50,"code":160762,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160764,160765,160780],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160766,160767,160769,160771,160773,160776,160778],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160768,3532],{"class":67},[57,160770,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160772,3538],{"class":169},[57,160774,160775],{"class":173},"__main__.Person",[57,160777,3543],{"class":169},[57,160779,3546],{"class":67},[57,160781,160782],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160783,160784],{"class":63},"human\n",[20,160786,160787,160788,160790],{},"Most beginners do ",[1399,160789,1401],{}," need this form.",[20,160792,160793],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[43,160795,5194,160797],{"id":160796},"when-to-use-type",[15,160798,2552],{},[20,160800,160801,12673],{},[15,160802,2552],{},[30,160804,160805,160808,160811,160814],{},[33,160806,160807],{},"debug unexpected values",[33,160809,160810],{},"check what a conversion produced",[33,160812,160813],{},"learn Python data types",[33,160815,160816],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160818,5703],{},[48,160820,160822],{"className":50,"code":160821,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160823,160824,160836,160850,160854,160868],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160825,160826,160828,160830,160832,160834],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160827,34918],{"class":63},[57,160829,68],{"class":67},[57,160831,181],{"class":169},[57,160833,50466],{"class":173},[57,160835,3602],{"class":169},[57,160837,160838,160840,160842,160844,160846,160848],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160839,2469],{"class":63},[57,160841,68],{"class":67},[57,160843,45502],{"class":1102},[57,160845,105],{"class":71},[57,160847,1222],{"class":113},[57,160849,316],{"class":71},[57,160851,160852],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,160853,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,160855,160856,160858,160860,160862,160864,160866],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,160857,102],{"class":101},[57,160859,105],{"class":71},[57,160861,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160863,105],{"class":71},[57,160865,1222],{"class":113},[57,160867,117],{"class":71},[57,160869,160870,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,160871,102],{"class":101},[57,160873,105],{"class":71},[57,160875,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160877,105],{"class":71},[57,160879,2490],{"class":113},[57,160881,117],{"class":71},[20,160883,216],{},[48,160885,160886],{"className":50,"code":125069,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160887,160888,160902],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160889,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898,160900],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160891,3532],{"class":67},[57,160893,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160895,3538],{"class":169},[57,160897,1103],{"class":173},[57,160899,3543],{"class":169},[57,160901,3546],{"class":67},[57,160903,160904,160906,160908,160910,160912,160914],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,160905,3532],{"class":67},[57,160907,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160909,3538],{"class":169},[57,160911,2440],{"class":173},[57,160913,3543],{"class":169},[57,160915,3546],{"class":67},[20,160917,160918],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160920,160921,160922,2441,160926,17302,160930,160934],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[614,160923,160924],{"href":42402},[15,160925,47906],{},[614,160927,160928],{"href":3118},[15,160929,3121],{},[614,160931,160932],{"href":3125},[15,160933,3128],{}," are often the next step.",[43,160936,25588],{"id":25587},[20,160938,160939,160940,160942],{},"A few things about ",[15,160941,2552],{}," often confuse beginners.",[943,160944,160946,160949],{"id":160945},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160947,160948],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160951,64862],{},[48,160953,160955],{"className":50,"code":160954,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160956,160957],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160958,160959,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160960,102],{"class":101},[57,160962,105],{"class":71},[57,160964,1886],{"class":1102},[57,160966,105],{"class":71},[57,160968,2389],{"class":75},[57,160970,117],{"class":71},[20,160972,122912],{},[48,160974,160975],{"className":50,"code":156424,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,160976,160977],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,160978,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,160980,3532],{"class":67},[57,160982,3535],{"class":1208},[57,160984,3538],{"class":169},[57,160986,2440],{"class":173},[57,160988,3543],{"class":169},[57,160990,3546],{"class":67},[20,160992,1397,160993,160995,160996,620],{},[1399,160994,1401],{}," print just ",[15,160997,2440],{},[20,160999,6907,161000,161002],{},[15,161001,2552],{}," returns a class object.",[943,161004,161006,2646,161008],{"id":161005},"input-returns-str",[15,161007,3201],{},[15,161009,1103],{},[20,161011,79746],{},[48,161013,161015],{"className":50,"code":161014,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,161016,161017,161035],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161018,161019,161021,161023,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161020,2696],{"class":63},[57,161022,68],{"class":67},[57,161024,8470],{"class":101},[57,161026,105],{"class":71},[57,161028,170],{"class":169},[57,161030,46535],{"class":173},[57,161032,170],{"class":169},[57,161034,316],{"class":71},[57,161036,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161038,102],{"class":101},[57,161040,105],{"class":71},[57,161042,1886],{"class":1102},[57,161044,105],{"class":71},[57,161046,364],{"class":113},[57,161048,117],{"class":71},[20,161050,161051],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161053,161054,161055,3122,161057,620],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161056,3121],{},[15,161058,3128],{},[943,161060,161062],{"id":161061},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161064,161065],{},"Avoid code like this:",[48,161067,161069],{"className":50,"code":161068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161070,161071,161079,161083,161109],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161072,161073,161075,161077],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161074,2696],{"class":63},[57,161076,68],{"class":67},[57,161078,35072],{"class":75},[57,161080,161081],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161082,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,161084,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,161086,7228],{"class":1962},[57,161088,49125],{"class":1102},[57,161090,105],{"class":71},[57,161092,1886],{"class":1102},[57,161094,105],{"class":71},[57,161096,364],{"class":113},[57,161098,5592],{"class":71},[57,161100,6638],{"class":67},[57,161102,181],{"class":169},[57,161104,159803],{"class":173},[57,161106,170],{"class":169},[57,161108,6623],{"class":71},[57,161110,161111,161113,161115,161117,161120,161122],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,161112,8296],{"class":101},[57,161114,105],{"class":71},[57,161116,170],{"class":169},[57,161118,161119],{"class":173},"It is an int",[57,161121,170],{"class":169},[57,161123,316],{"class":71},[20,161125,161126],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161128,161129],{},"Better options:",[48,161131,161133],{"className":50,"code":161132,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161134,161135,161143,161147,161167],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161136,161137,161139,161141],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161138,2696],{"class":63},[57,161140,68],{"class":67},[57,161142,35072],{"class":75},[57,161144,161145],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161146,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,161148,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,161150,102],{"class":101},[57,161152,105],{"class":71},[57,161154,1886],{"class":1102},[57,161156,105],{"class":71},[57,161158,364],{"class":113},[57,161160,1959],{"class":71},[57,161162,6638],{"class":67},[57,161164,45502],{"class":1102},[57,161166,316],{"class":71},[57,161168,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,161170,102],{"class":101},[57,161172,105],{"class":71},[57,161174,49096],{"class":101},[57,161176,105],{"class":71},[57,161178,364],{"class":113},[57,161180,79],{"class":71},[57,161182,45502],{"class":1102},[57,161184,117],{"class":71},[20,161186,216],{},[48,161188,161189],{"className":50,"code":4737,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,161190,161191,161195],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161192,161193],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161194,4214],{"class":1523},[57,161196,161197],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161198,4214],{"class":1523},[20,161200,161201,161202,161204],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161203,45031],{}," is the more useful check.",[43,161206,1829],{"id":1828},[20,161208,14964,161209,270],{},[15,161210,2552],{},[30,161212,161213,161223,161232,161241],{},[33,161214,443,161215,161217,161218,161222],{},[15,161216,2552],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[614,161219,161220],{"href":8447},[15,161221,3201],{}," always returns a string",[33,161224,1848,161225,161227,161228,11320,161230],{},[15,161226,2552],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161229,2440],{},[15,161231,159803],{},[33,161233,443,161234,44855,161237,161240],{},[15,161235,161236],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161238,161239],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[33,161242,161243],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161245,161246,161247,620],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[614,161248,161250],{"href":161249},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161252,144578],{},[48,161254,161256],{"className":50,"code":161255,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161257,161258,161272,161282,161296,161306],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161259,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161261,102],{"class":101},[57,161263,105],{"class":71},[57,161265,1886],{"class":1102},[57,161267,105],{"class":71},[57,161269,364],{"class":113},[57,161271,117],{"class":71},[57,161273,161274,161276,161278,161280],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161275,102],{"class":101},[57,161277,105],{"class":71},[57,161279,364],{"class":113},[57,161281,316],{"class":71},[57,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,161285,102],{"class":101},[57,161287,105],{"class":71},[57,161289,42006],{"class":101},[57,161291,105],{"class":71},[57,161293,364],{"class":113},[57,161295,117],{"class":71},[57,161297,161298,161300,161302,161304],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,161299,32382],{"class":101},[57,161301,105],{"class":71},[57,161303,1886],{"class":1102},[57,161305,316],{"class":71},[57,161307,161308,161310,161312,161314],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,161309,34602],{"class":101},[57,161311,105],{"class":71},[57,161313,364],{"class":113},[57,161315,316],{"class":71},[20,161317,161318],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[43,161320,2011],{"id":2010},[943,161322,2015,161324,2018],{"id":161323},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161325,2552],{},[20,161327,161328,161329,2441,161331,2441,161333,2445,161335,161337,161338,620],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161330,1103],{},[15,161332,2440],{},[15,161334,8321],{},[15,161336,9049],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161339,159800],{},[943,161341,15133,161343,57425,161345,2053],{"id":161342},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161344,2552],{},[15,161346,45031],{},[20,161348,46590,161349,161351,161352,161354],{},[15,161350,2552],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161353,45031],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[943,161356,5389,161358,161361,161362,2053],{"id":161357},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161359,161360],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161363,1103],{},[20,161365,29292,161366,161368,161369,3122,161371,160462],{},[15,161367,3201],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161370,3121],{},[15,161372,3128],{},[943,161374,2025,161376,161378],{"id":161375},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161377,2552],{}," create classes?",[20,161380,161381,161382,620],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161383,161384],{},"type(object)",[43,161386,2135],{"id":2134},[30,161388,161389,161393,161399,161405,161409,161415,161421],{},[33,161390,161391],{},[614,161392,45023],{"href":49199},[33,161394,161395],{},[614,161396,13,161397,2144],{"href":160641},[15,161398,45031],{},[33,161400,161401],{},[614,161402,13,161403,2144],{"href":8447},[15,161404,3201],{},[33,161406,161407],{},[614,161408,9286],{"href":9208},[33,161410,161411],{},[614,161412,13,161413,2144],{"href":3118},[15,161414,3121],{},[33,161416,161417],{},[614,161418,13,161419,2144],{"href":3125},[15,161420,3128],{},[33,161422,161423],{},[614,161424,13,161425,2144],{"href":42402},[15,161426,47906],{},[2172,161428,161429],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":161431},[161432,161433,161435,161436,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161452,161453,161463],{"id":3849,"depth":98,"text":3850},{"id":159806,"depth":98,"text":161434},"What the type() function does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":121880,"depth":98,"text":121881},{"id":160164,"depth":98,"text":161438},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160470,"depth":98,"text":161440},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160646,"depth":98,"text":161442},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160796,"depth":98,"text":161444},"When to use type()",{"id":25587,"depth":98,"text":25588,"children":161446},[161447,161449,161451],{"id":160945,"depth":120,"text":161448},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":161005,"depth":120,"text":161450},"input() returns str",{"id":161061,"depth":120,"text":161062},{"id":1828,"depth":98,"text":1829},{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":161454},[161455,161457,161459,161461],{"id":161323,"depth":120,"text":161456},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161342,"depth":120,"text":161458},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161357,"depth":120,"text":161460},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161375,"depth":120,"text":161462},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159640,"description":161464},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161470,"title":161471,"body":161472,"description":163951,"extension":2219,"meta":163952,"navigation":123,"path":163953,"seo":163954,"stem":163955,"__hash__":163956},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161473,"toc":163908},[161474,161479,161484,161493,161495,161595,161597,161622,161627,161632,161648,161651,161653,161655,161680,161683,161686,161769,161771,161820,161823,161945,161947,162020,162024,162027,162141,162143,162169,162171,162192,162197,162201,162206,162209,162313,162315,162332,162341,162344,162431,162433,162444,162449,162455,162460,162466,162469,162562,162564,162613,162619,162622,162723,162725,162778,162783,162787,162790,162889,162891,162930,162933,162938,162940,162945,162949,163062,163066,163163,163167,163255,163257,163274,163278,163401,163407,163413,163419,163424,163427,163454,163458,163460,163554,163557,163561,163564,163651,163654,163689,163691,163728,163731,163739,163744,163749,163823,163830,163832,163837,163840,163846,163849,163855,163860,163866,163871,163875,163878,163880,163905],[10,161475,13,161477,18],{"id":161476},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161478,64538],{},[20,161480,161481,161483],{},[15,161482,64538],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161485,161486,161487,161489,161490,161492],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161488,64538],{}," inside a ",[15,161491,6189],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[43,161494,46],{"id":45},[48,161496,161498],{"className":50,"code":161497,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161499,161500,161532,161552,161556,161581],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161501,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161503,5228],{"class":63},[57,161505,68],{"class":67},[57,161507,72],{"class":71},[57,161509,170],{"class":169},[57,161511,13110],{"class":173},[57,161513,170],{"class":169},[57,161515,79],{"class":71},[57,161517,181],{"class":169},[57,161519,36172],{"class":173},[57,161521,170],{"class":169},[57,161523,79],{"class":71},[57,161525,181],{"class":169},[57,161527,36181],{"class":173},[57,161529,170],{"class":169},[57,161531,95],{"class":71},[57,161533,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161535,459],{"class":63},[57,161537,68],{"class":67},[57,161539,72],{"class":71},[57,161541,13733],{"class":75},[57,161543,79],{"class":71},[57,161545,476],{"class":75},[57,161547,79],{"class":71},[57,161549,29151],{"class":75},[57,161551,95],{"class":71},[57,161553,161554],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,161555,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,161557,161558,161560,161562,161564,161566,161568,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,161559,6189],{"class":1962},[57,161561,36223],{"class":63},[57,161563,79],{"class":71},[57,161565,5338],{"class":63},[57,161567,1969],{"class":1962},[57,161569,161570],{"class":101}," zip",[57,161572,105],{"class":71},[57,161574,5272],{"class":113},[57,161576,79],{"class":71},[57,161578,5343],{"class":113},[57,161580,8570],{"class":71},[57,161582,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,161584,8296],{"class":101},[57,161586,105],{"class":71},[57,161588,7898],{"class":113},[57,161590,79],{"class":71},[57,161592,130858],{"class":113},[57,161594,316],{"class":71},[20,161596,216],{},[48,161598,161600],{"className":50,"code":161599,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161601,161602,161608,161615],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161603,161604,161606],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161605,133877],{"class":63},[57,161607,33366],{"class":75},[57,161609,161610,161613],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161611,161612],{"class":63},"Ben ",[57,161614,33371],{"class":75},[57,161616,161617,161620],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,161618,161619],{"class":63},"Cara ",[57,161621,33376],{"class":75},[20,161623,1806,161624,161626],{},[15,161625,64538],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[43,161628,262,161630,265],{"id":161629},"what-zip-does",[15,161631,64538],{},[30,161633,161634,161639,161642,161645],{},[33,161635,161636,161638],{},[15,161637,64538],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[33,161640,161641],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[33,161643,161644],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[33,161646,161647],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161649,161650],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[43,161652,294],{"id":293},[20,161654,7448],{},[48,161656,161658],{"className":50,"code":161657,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161659,161660],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161661,161662,161664,161666,161669,161671,161674,161676,161678],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161663,64608],{"class":101},[57,161665,105],{"class":71},[57,161667,161668],{"class":113},"iterable1",[57,161670,79],{"class":71},[57,161672,161673],{"class":113}," iterable2",[57,161675,79],{"class":71},[57,161677,34684],{"class":101},[57,161679,316],{"class":71},[20,161681,161682],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161684,161685],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[48,161687,161689],{"className":50,"code":161688,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161690,161691,161711,161743,161747],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161692,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161694,64],{"class":63},[57,161696,68],{"class":67},[57,161698,72],{"class":71},[57,161700,3231],{"class":75},[57,161702,79],{"class":71},[57,161704,87],{"class":75},[57,161706,79],{"class":71},[57,161708,1793],{"class":75},[57,161710,95],{"class":71},[57,161712,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161714,36322],{"class":63},[57,161716,68],{"class":67},[57,161718,72],{"class":71},[57,161720,170],{"class":169},[57,161722,614],{"class":173},[57,161724,170],{"class":169},[57,161726,79],{"class":71},[57,161728,181],{"class":169},[57,161730,4993],{"class":173},[57,161732,170],{"class":169},[57,161734,79],{"class":71},[57,161736,181],{"class":169},[57,161738,9966],{"class":173},[57,161740,170],{"class":169},[57,161742,95],{"class":71},[57,161744,161745],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,161746,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,161748,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,161750,102],{"class":101},[57,161752,105],{"class":71},[57,161754,8321],{"class":1102},[57,161756,105],{"class":71},[57,161758,64608],{"class":101},[57,161760,105],{"class":71},[57,161762,114],{"class":113},[57,161764,79],{"class":71},[57,161766,70310],{"class":113},[57,161768,1225],{"class":71},[20,161770,216],{},[48,161772,161774],{"className":50,"code":161773,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161775,161776],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161777,161778,161780,161782,161784,161786,161788,161790,161792,161794,161796,161798,161800,161802,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161779,21970],{"class":71},[57,161781,3231],{"class":75},[57,161783,79],{"class":71},[57,161785,3538],{"class":169},[57,161787,614],{"class":173},[57,161789,3543],{"class":169},[57,161791,9460],{"class":71},[57,161793,9463],{"class":71},[57,161795,1788],{"class":75},[57,161797,79],{"class":71},[57,161799,3538],{"class":169},[57,161801,4993],{"class":173},[57,161803,3543],{"class":169},[57,161805,9460],{"class":71},[57,161807,9463],{"class":71},[57,161809,76],{"class":75},[57,161811,79],{"class":71},[57,161813,3538],{"class":169},[57,161815,9966],{"class":173},[57,161817,3543],{"class":169},[57,161819,9476],{"class":71},[20,161821,161822],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[48,161824,161826],{"className":50,"code":161825,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161827,161828,161860,161880,161914,161918],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161829,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161831,5228],{"class":63},[57,161833,68],{"class":67},[57,161835,72],{"class":71},[57,161837,170],{"class":169},[57,161839,13110],{"class":173},[57,161841,170],{"class":169},[57,161843,79],{"class":71},[57,161845,181],{"class":169},[57,161847,36172],{"class":173},[57,161849,170],{"class":169},[57,161851,79],{"class":71},[57,161853,181],{"class":169},[57,161855,36181],{"class":173},[57,161857,170],{"class":169},[57,161859,95],{"class":71},[57,161861,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,161863,459],{"class":63},[57,161865,68],{"class":67},[57,161867,72],{"class":71},[57,161869,13733],{"class":75},[57,161871,79],{"class":71},[57,161873,476],{"class":75},[57,161875,79],{"class":71},[57,161877,29151],{"class":75},[57,161879,95],{"class":71},[57,161881,161882,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161905,161907,161910,161912],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,161883,161884],{"class":63},"grades ",[57,161886,68],{"class":67},[57,161888,72],{"class":71},[57,161890,170],{"class":169},[57,161892,22475],{"class":173},[57,161894,170],{"class":169},[57,161896,79],{"class":71},[57,161898,181],{"class":169},[57,161900,30830],{"class":173},[57,161902,170],{"class":169},[57,161904,79],{"class":71},[57,161906,181],{"class":169},[57,161908,161909],{"class":173},"B+",[57,161911,170],{"class":169},[57,161913,95],{"class":71},[57,161915,161916],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,161917,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,161919,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161943],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,161921,102],{"class":101},[57,161923,105],{"class":71},[57,161925,8321],{"class":1102},[57,161927,105],{"class":71},[57,161929,64608],{"class":101},[57,161931,105],{"class":71},[57,161933,5272],{"class":113},[57,161935,79],{"class":71},[57,161937,5343],{"class":113},[57,161939,79],{"class":71},[57,161941,161942],{"class":113}," grades",[57,161944,1225],{"class":71},[20,161946,216],{},[48,161948,161950],{"className":50,"code":161949,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161951,161952],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,161953,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,161955,21970],{"class":71},[57,161957,3543],{"class":169},[57,161959,13110],{"class":173},[57,161961,3543],{"class":169},[57,161963,79],{"class":71},[57,161965,20130],{"class":75},[57,161967,79],{"class":71},[57,161969,3538],{"class":169},[57,161971,22475],{"class":173},[57,161973,3543],{"class":169},[57,161975,9460],{"class":71},[57,161977,9463],{"class":71},[57,161979,3543],{"class":169},[57,161981,36172],{"class":173},[57,161983,3543],{"class":169},[57,161985,79],{"class":71},[57,161987,476],{"class":75},[57,161989,79],{"class":71},[57,161991,3538],{"class":169},[57,161993,30830],{"class":173},[57,161995,3543],{"class":169},[57,161997,9460],{"class":71},[57,161999,9463],{"class":71},[57,162001,3543],{"class":169},[57,162003,36181],{"class":173},[57,162005,3543],{"class":169},[57,162007,79],{"class":71},[57,162009,29151],{"class":75},[57,162011,79],{"class":71},[57,162013,3538],{"class":169},[57,162015,161909],{"class":173},[57,162017,3543],{"class":169},[57,162019,9476],{"class":71},[43,162021,162023],{"id":162022},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,162025,162026],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[48,162028,162030],{"className":50,"code":162029,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,162031,162032,162064,162084,162088,162112],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162033,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162035,5228],{"class":63},[57,162037,68],{"class":67},[57,162039,72],{"class":71},[57,162041,170],{"class":169},[57,162043,13110],{"class":173},[57,162045,170],{"class":169},[57,162047,79],{"class":71},[57,162049,181],{"class":169},[57,162051,36172],{"class":173},[57,162053,170],{"class":169},[57,162055,79],{"class":71},[57,162057,181],{"class":169},[57,162059,36181],{"class":173},[57,162061,170],{"class":169},[57,162063,95],{"class":71},[57,162065,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162067,459],{"class":63},[57,162069,68],{"class":67},[57,162071,72],{"class":71},[57,162073,13733],{"class":75},[57,162075,79],{"class":71},[57,162077,476],{"class":75},[57,162079,79],{"class":71},[57,162081,29151],{"class":75},[57,162083,95],{"class":71},[57,162085,162086],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,162087,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,162089,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,162091,6189],{"class":1962},[57,162093,36223],{"class":63},[57,162095,79],{"class":71},[57,162097,5338],{"class":63},[57,162099,1969],{"class":1962},[57,162101,161570],{"class":101},[57,162103,105],{"class":71},[57,162105,5272],{"class":113},[57,162107,79],{"class":71},[57,162109,5343],{"class":113},[57,162111,8570],{"class":71},[57,162113,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,162115,8296],{"class":101},[57,162117,105],{"class":71},[57,162119,22524],{"class":1208},[57,162121,170],{"class":173},[57,162123,9505],{"class":75},[57,162125,7898],{"class":113},[57,162127,22533],{"class":75},[57,162129,162130],{"class":173}," scored ",[57,162132,9505],{"class":75},[57,162134,85515],{"class":113},[57,162136,22533],{"class":75},[57,162138,170],{"class":173},[57,162140,316],{"class":71},[20,162142,216],{},[48,162144,162146],{"className":50,"code":162145,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162147,162148,162155,162162],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162149,162150,162153],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162151,162152],{"class":63},"Ana scored ",[57,162154,33366],{"class":75},[57,162156,162157,162160],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162158,162159],{"class":63},"Ben scored ",[57,162161,33371],{"class":75},[57,162163,162164,162167],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,162165,162166],{"class":63},"Cara scored ",[57,162168,33376],{"class":75},[20,162170,45156],{},[30,162172,162173,162182,162185],{},[33,162174,162175,162178,162179],{},[15,162176,162177],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162180,162181],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[33,162183,162184],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[33,162186,162187,1242,162189,162191],{},[15,162188,7898],{},[15,162190,85515],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162193,162194,162195,620],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[614,162196,69827],{"href":69826},[43,162198,162200],{"id":162199},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162202,162203,162205],{},[15,162204,64538],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162207,162208],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[48,162210,162212],{"className":50,"code":162211,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162213,162214,162255,162271,162275,162299],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162215,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162251,162253],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162217,5228],{"class":63},[57,162219,68],{"class":67},[57,162221,72],{"class":71},[57,162223,170],{"class":169},[57,162225,13110],{"class":173},[57,162227,170],{"class":169},[57,162229,79],{"class":71},[57,162231,181],{"class":169},[57,162233,36172],{"class":173},[57,162235,170],{"class":169},[57,162237,79],{"class":71},[57,162239,181],{"class":169},[57,162241,36181],{"class":173},[57,162243,170],{"class":169},[57,162245,79],{"class":71},[57,162247,181],{"class":169},[57,162249,162250],{"class":173},"Dan",[57,162252,170],{"class":169},[57,162254,95],{"class":71},[57,162256,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162258,459],{"class":63},[57,162260,68],{"class":67},[57,162262,72],{"class":71},[57,162264,13733],{"class":75},[57,162266,79],{"class":71},[57,162268,476],{"class":75},[57,162270,95],{"class":71},[57,162272,162273],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,162274,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,162276,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,162278,6189],{"class":1962},[57,162280,36223],{"class":63},[57,162282,79],{"class":71},[57,162284,5338],{"class":63},[57,162286,1969],{"class":1962},[57,162288,161570],{"class":101},[57,162290,105],{"class":71},[57,162292,5272],{"class":113},[57,162294,79],{"class":71},[57,162296,5343],{"class":113},[57,162298,8570],{"class":71},[57,162300,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,162302,8296],{"class":101},[57,162304,105],{"class":71},[57,162306,7898],{"class":113},[57,162308,79],{"class":71},[57,162310,130858],{"class":113},[57,162312,316],{"class":71},[20,162314,216],{},[48,162316,162318],{"className":50,"code":162317,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162319,162320,162326],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162321,162322,162324],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162323,133877],{"class":63},[57,162325,33366],{"class":75},[57,162327,162328,162330],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162329,161612],{"class":63},[57,162331,33371],{"class":75},[20,162333,2536,162334,1242,162337,162340],{},[15,162335,162336],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162338,162339],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162342,162343],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[48,162345,162347],{"className":50,"code":162346,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162348,162349,162389,162405,162409],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162350,162351,162353,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385,162387],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162352,5228],{"class":63},[57,162354,68],{"class":67},[57,162356,72],{"class":71},[57,162358,170],{"class":169},[57,162360,13110],{"class":173},[57,162362,170],{"class":169},[57,162364,79],{"class":71},[57,162366,181],{"class":169},[57,162368,36172],{"class":173},[57,162370,170],{"class":169},[57,162372,79],{"class":71},[57,162374,181],{"class":169},[57,162376,36181],{"class":173},[57,162378,170],{"class":169},[57,162380,79],{"class":71},[57,162382,181],{"class":169},[57,162384,162250],{"class":173},[57,162386,170],{"class":169},[57,162388,95],{"class":71},[57,162390,162391,162393,162395,162397,162399,162401,162403],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162392,459],{"class":63},[57,162394,68],{"class":67},[57,162396,72],{"class":71},[57,162398,13733],{"class":75},[57,162400,79],{"class":71},[57,162402,476],{"class":75},[57,162404,95],{"class":71},[57,162406,162407],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,162408,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,162410,162411,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,162412,102],{"class":101},[57,162414,105],{"class":71},[57,162416,1007],{"class":101},[57,162418,105],{"class":71},[57,162420,5272],{"class":113},[57,162422,9460],{"class":71},[57,162424,1217],{"class":101},[57,162426,105],{"class":71},[57,162428,498],{"class":113},[57,162430,117],{"class":71},[20,162432,216],{},[48,162434,162436],{"className":50,"code":162435,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"4 2\n",[15,162437,162438],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162439,162440,162442],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162441,647],{"class":75},[57,162443,45815],{"class":75},[20,162445,162446,162447,620],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162448,64538],{},[43,162450,92106,162452,162454],{"id":162451},"converting-zip-output",[15,162453,64538],{}," output",[20,162456,29292,162457,162459],{},[15,162458,64538],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[943,162461,1806,162463],{"id":162462},"use-listzip",[15,162464,162465],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162467,162468],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[48,162470,162472],{"className":50,"code":162471,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162473,162474,162506,162526,162530,162552],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162475,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162477,5228],{"class":63},[57,162479,68],{"class":67},[57,162481,72],{"class":71},[57,162483,170],{"class":169},[57,162485,13110],{"class":173},[57,162487,170],{"class":169},[57,162489,79],{"class":71},[57,162491,181],{"class":169},[57,162493,36172],{"class":173},[57,162495,170],{"class":169},[57,162497,79],{"class":71},[57,162499,181],{"class":169},[57,162501,36181],{"class":173},[57,162503,170],{"class":169},[57,162505,95],{"class":71},[57,162507,162508,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162509,459],{"class":63},[57,162511,68],{"class":67},[57,162513,72],{"class":71},[57,162515,13733],{"class":75},[57,162517,79],{"class":71},[57,162519,476],{"class":75},[57,162521,79],{"class":71},[57,162523,29151],{"class":75},[57,162525,95],{"class":71},[57,162527,162528],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,162529,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,162531,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,162533,9442],{"class":63},[57,162535,68],{"class":67},[57,162537,22790],{"class":1102},[57,162539,105],{"class":71},[57,162541,64608],{"class":101},[57,162543,105],{"class":71},[57,162545,5272],{"class":113},[57,162547,79],{"class":71},[57,162549,5343],{"class":113},[57,162551,117],{"class":71},[57,162553,162554,162556,162558,162560],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,162555,102],{"class":101},[57,162557,105],{"class":71},[57,162559,9489],{"class":113},[57,162561,316],{"class":71},[20,162563,216],{},[48,162565,162567],{"className":50,"code":162566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162568,162569],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162570,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162572,21970],{"class":71},[57,162574,3543],{"class":169},[57,162576,13110],{"class":173},[57,162578,3543],{"class":169},[57,162580,79],{"class":71},[57,162582,20130],{"class":75},[57,162584,9460],{"class":71},[57,162586,9463],{"class":71},[57,162588,3543],{"class":169},[57,162590,36172],{"class":173},[57,162592,3543],{"class":169},[57,162594,79],{"class":71},[57,162596,476],{"class":75},[57,162598,9460],{"class":71},[57,162600,9463],{"class":71},[57,162602,3543],{"class":169},[57,162604,36181],{"class":173},[57,162606,3543],{"class":169},[57,162608,79],{"class":71},[57,162610,29151],{"class":75},[57,162612,9476],{"class":71},[943,162614,1806,162616],{"id":162615},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162617,162618],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162620,162621],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[48,162623,162625],{"className":50,"code":162624,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162626,162627,162659,162687,162691,162713],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162628,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649,162651,162653,162655,162657],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162630,17472],{"class":63},[57,162632,68],{"class":67},[57,162634,72],{"class":71},[57,162636,170],{"class":169},[57,162638,7898],{"class":173},[57,162640,170],{"class":169},[57,162642,79],{"class":71},[57,162644,181],{"class":169},[57,162646,9526],{"class":173},[57,162648,170],{"class":169},[57,162650,79],{"class":71},[57,162652,181],{"class":169},[57,162654,10636],{"class":173},[57,162656,170],{"class":169},[57,162658,95],{"class":71},[57,162660,162661,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162662,4061],{"class":63},[57,162664,68],{"class":67},[57,162666,72],{"class":71},[57,162668,170],{"class":169},[57,162670,13110],{"class":173},[57,162672,170],{"class":169},[57,162674,79],{"class":71},[57,162676,9533],{"class":75},[57,162678,79],{"class":71},[57,162680,181],{"class":169},[57,162682,16261],{"class":173},[57,162684,170],{"class":169},[57,162686,95],{"class":71},[57,162688,162689],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,162690,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,162692,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,162694,13435],{"class":63},[57,162696,68],{"class":67},[57,162698,9398],{"class":1102},[57,162700,105],{"class":71},[57,162702,64608],{"class":101},[57,162704,105],{"class":71},[57,162706,17153],{"class":113},[57,162708,79],{"class":71},[57,162710,4121],{"class":113},[57,162712,117],{"class":71},[57,162714,162715,162717,162719,162721],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,162716,102],{"class":101},[57,162718,105],{"class":71},[57,162720,17537],{"class":113},[57,162722,316],{"class":71},[20,162724,216],{},[48,162726,162728],{"className":50,"code":162727,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162729,162730],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162731,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162733,9505],{"class":71},[57,162735,3543],{"class":169},[57,162737,7898],{"class":173},[57,162739,3543],{"class":169},[57,162741,270],{"class":71},[57,162743,3538],{"class":169},[57,162745,13110],{"class":173},[57,162747,3543],{"class":169},[57,162749,79],{"class":71},[57,162751,3538],{"class":169},[57,162753,9526],{"class":173},[57,162755,3543],{"class":169},[57,162757,270],{"class":71},[57,162759,9533],{"class":75},[57,162761,79],{"class":71},[57,162763,3538],{"class":169},[57,162765,10636],{"class":173},[57,162767,3543],{"class":169},[57,162769,270],{"class":71},[57,162771,3538],{"class":169},[57,162773,16261],{"class":173},[57,162775,3543],{"class":169},[57,162777,9536],{"class":71},[20,162779,162780,162781,620],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[614,162782,31316],{"href":31315},[943,162784,162786],{"id":162785},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162788,162789],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[48,162791,162793],{"className":50,"code":162792,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162794,162795,162819,162835,162839,162857,162861,162875],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162796,162797,162799,162801,162803,162805,162807,162809,162811,162813,162815,162817],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162798,5228],{"class":63},[57,162800,68],{"class":67},[57,162802,72],{"class":71},[57,162804,170],{"class":169},[57,162806,13110],{"class":173},[57,162808,170],{"class":169},[57,162810,79],{"class":71},[57,162812,181],{"class":169},[57,162814,36172],{"class":173},[57,162816,170],{"class":169},[57,162818,95],{"class":71},[57,162820,162821,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831,162833],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162822,459],{"class":63},[57,162824,68],{"class":67},[57,162826,72],{"class":71},[57,162828,13733],{"class":75},[57,162830,79],{"class":71},[57,162832,476],{"class":75},[57,162834,95],{"class":71},[57,162836,162837],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,162838,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,162840,162841,162843,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853,162855],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,162842,9442],{"class":63},[57,162844,68],{"class":67},[57,162846,161570],{"class":101},[57,162848,105],{"class":71},[57,162850,5272],{"class":113},[57,162852,79],{"class":71},[57,162854,5343],{"class":113},[57,162856,316],{"class":71},[57,162858,162859],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,162860,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,162862,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,162864,102],{"class":101},[57,162866,105],{"class":71},[57,162868,8321],{"class":1102},[57,162870,105],{"class":71},[57,162872,9489],{"class":113},[57,162874,117],{"class":71},[57,162876,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,162878,102],{"class":101},[57,162880,105],{"class":71},[57,162882,8321],{"class":1102},[57,162884,105],{"class":71},[57,162886,9489],{"class":113},[57,162888,117],{"class":71},[20,162890,216],{},[48,162892,162894],{"className":50,"code":162893,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162895,162896,162926],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162897,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162899,21970],{"class":71},[57,162901,3543],{"class":169},[57,162903,13110],{"class":173},[57,162905,3543],{"class":169},[57,162907,79],{"class":71},[57,162909,20130],{"class":75},[57,162911,9460],{"class":71},[57,162913,9463],{"class":71},[57,162915,3543],{"class":169},[57,162917,36172],{"class":173},[57,162919,3543],{"class":169},[57,162921,79],{"class":71},[57,162923,476],{"class":75},[57,162925,9476],{"class":71},[57,162927,162928],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162929,38526],{"class":71},[20,162931,162932],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162934,162935,162936,620],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[614,162937,5369],{"href":5818},[43,162939,41272],{"id":41271},[20,162941,162942,162943,620],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162944,64538],{},[943,162946,162948],{"id":162947},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[48,162950,162952],{"className":50,"code":162951,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162953,162954,162986,163006,163010,163034],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,162955,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968,162970,162972,162974,162976,162978,162980,162982,162984],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,162957,5228],{"class":63},[57,162959,68],{"class":67},[57,162961,72],{"class":71},[57,162963,170],{"class":169},[57,162965,13110],{"class":173},[57,162967,170],{"class":169},[57,162969,79],{"class":71},[57,162971,181],{"class":169},[57,162973,36172],{"class":173},[57,162975,170],{"class":169},[57,162977,79],{"class":71},[57,162979,181],{"class":169},[57,162981,36181],{"class":173},[57,162983,170],{"class":169},[57,162985,95],{"class":71},[57,162987,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996,162998,163000,163002,163004],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,162989,459],{"class":63},[57,162991,68],{"class":67},[57,162993,72],{"class":71},[57,162995,13733],{"class":75},[57,162997,79],{"class":71},[57,162999,476],{"class":75},[57,163001,79],{"class":71},[57,163003,29151],{"class":75},[57,163005,95],{"class":71},[57,163007,163008],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163009,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163011,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,163013,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163015,36223],{"class":63},[57,163017,79],{"class":71},[57,163019,5338],{"class":63},[57,163021,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163023,161570],{"class":101},[57,163025,105],{"class":71},[57,163027,5272],{"class":113},[57,163029,79],{"class":71},[57,163031,5343],{"class":113},[57,163033,8570],{"class":71},[57,163035,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,163037,8296],{"class":101},[57,163039,105],{"class":71},[57,163041,22524],{"class":1208},[57,163043,170],{"class":173},[57,163045,9505],{"class":75},[57,163047,7898],{"class":113},[57,163049,22533],{"class":75},[57,163051,22536],{"class":173},[57,163053,9505],{"class":75},[57,163055,85515],{"class":113},[57,163057,22533],{"class":75},[57,163059,170],{"class":173},[57,163061,316],{"class":71},[943,163063,163065],{"id":163064},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[48,163067,163069],{"className":50,"code":163068,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163070,163071,163103,163127,163131,163153],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163072,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163074,17472],{"class":63},[57,163076,68],{"class":67},[57,163078,72],{"class":71},[57,163080,170],{"class":169},[57,163082,12878],{"class":173},[57,163084,170],{"class":169},[57,163086,79],{"class":71},[57,163088,181],{"class":169},[57,163090,7898],{"class":173},[57,163092,170],{"class":169},[57,163094,79],{"class":71},[57,163096,181],{"class":169},[57,163098,16051],{"class":173},[57,163100,170],{"class":169},[57,163102,95],{"class":71},[57,163104,163105,163107,163109,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163106,4061],{"class":63},[57,163108,68],{"class":67},[57,163110,72],{"class":71},[57,163112,46817],{"class":75},[57,163114,79],{"class":71},[57,163116,181],{"class":169},[57,163118,13110],{"class":173},[57,163120,170],{"class":169},[57,163122,79],{"class":71},[57,163124,4150],{"class":1523},[57,163126,95],{"class":71},[57,163128,163129],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163130,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163132,163133,163135,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,163134,9393],{"class":63},[57,163136,68],{"class":67},[57,163138,9398],{"class":1102},[57,163140,105],{"class":71},[57,163142,64608],{"class":101},[57,163144,105],{"class":71},[57,163146,17153],{"class":113},[57,163148,79],{"class":71},[57,163150,4121],{"class":113},[57,163152,117],{"class":71},[57,163154,163155,163157,163159,163161],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,163156,102],{"class":101},[57,163158,105],{"class":71},[57,163160,9431],{"class":113},[57,163162,316],{"class":71},[943,163164,163166],{"id":163165},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[48,163168,163170],{"className":50,"code":163169,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163171,163172,163192,163212,163216,163241],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163173,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163175,80860],{"class":63},[57,163177,68],{"class":67},[57,163179,72],{"class":71},[57,163181,1561],{"class":75},[57,163183,79],{"class":71},[57,163185,1617],{"class":75},[57,163187,79],{"class":71},[57,163189,1575],{"class":75},[57,163191,95],{"class":71},[57,163193,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163195,80881],{"class":63},[57,163197,68],{"class":67},[57,163199,72],{"class":71},[57,163201,1561],{"class":75},[57,163203,79],{"class":71},[57,163205,9533],{"class":75},[57,163207,79],{"class":71},[57,163209,1575],{"class":75},[57,163211,95],{"class":71},[57,163213,163214],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163215,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163217,163218,163220,163222,163224,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237,163239],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,163219,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163221,57107],{"class":63},[57,163223,79],{"class":71},[57,163225,163226],{"class":63}," b ",[57,163228,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163230,161570],{"class":101},[57,163232,105],{"class":71},[57,163234,111745],{"class":113},[57,163236,79],{"class":71},[57,163238,80924],{"class":113},[57,163240,8570],{"class":71},[57,163242,163243,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,163244,8296],{"class":101},[57,163246,105],{"class":71},[57,163248,686],{"class":113},[57,163250,4920],{"class":67},[57,163252,733],{"class":113},[57,163254,316],{"class":71},[20,163256,216],{},[48,163258,163260],{"className":50,"code":163259,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163261,163262,163266,163270],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163263,163264],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163265,4214],{"class":1523},[57,163267,163268],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163269,4275],{"class":1523},[57,163271,163272],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163273,4214],{"class":1523},[943,163275,163277],{"id":163276},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[48,163279,163281],{"className":50,"code":163280,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163282,163283,163318,163341,163345,163372],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163284,163285,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163305,163307,163309,163311,163314,163316],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163286,163287],{"class":63},"products ",[57,163289,68],{"class":67},[57,163291,72],{"class":71},[57,163293,170],{"class":169},[57,163295,25371],{"class":173},[57,163297,170],{"class":169},[57,163299,79],{"class":71},[57,163301,181],{"class":169},[57,163303,163304],{"class":173},"Pen",[57,163306,170],{"class":169},[57,163308,79],{"class":71},[57,163310,181],{"class":169},[57,163312,163313],{"class":173},"Bag",[57,163315,170],{"class":169},[57,163317,95],{"class":71},[57,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163329,163331,163334,163336,163339],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163321,556],{"class":63},[57,163323,68],{"class":67},[57,163325,72],{"class":71},[57,163327,163328],{"class":75},"12.5",[57,163330,79],{"class":71},[57,163332,163333],{"class":75}," 1.2",[57,163335,79],{"class":71},[57,163337,163338],{"class":75}," 25.0",[57,163340,95],{"class":71},[57,163342,163343],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163344,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163346,163347,163349,163351,163353,163356,163358,163360,163362,163365,163367,163370],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,163348,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163350,25432],{"class":63},[57,163352,79],{"class":71},[57,163354,163355],{"class":63}," price ",[57,163357,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163359,161570],{"class":101},[57,163361,105],{"class":71},[57,163363,163364],{"class":113},"products",[57,163366,79],{"class":71},[57,163368,163369],{"class":113}," prices",[57,163371,8570],{"class":71},[57,163373,163374,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163391,163393,163395,163397,163399],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,163375,8296],{"class":101},[57,163377,105],{"class":71},[57,163379,22524],{"class":1208},[57,163381,170],{"class":173},[57,163383,9505],{"class":75},[57,163385,27239],{"class":113},[57,163387,22533],{"class":75},[57,163389,163390],{"class":173}," costs $",[57,163392,9505],{"class":75},[57,163394,25380],{"class":113},[57,163396,22533],{"class":75},[57,163398,170],{"class":173},[57,163400,316],{"class":71},[20,163402,36834,163403,620],{},[614,163404,163406],{"href":163405},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[43,163408,163410,163411],{"id":163409},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163412,64538],{},[943,163414,1848,163416,163418],{"id":163415},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163417,64538],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163420,163421,163423],{},[15,163422,64538],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163425,163426],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[48,163428,163430],{"className":50,"code":163429,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163431,163432],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163433,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163435,102],{"class":101},[57,163437,105],{"class":71},[57,163439,1007],{"class":101},[57,163441,105],{"class":71},[57,163443,111745],{"class":113},[57,163445,9460],{"class":71},[57,163447,1217],{"class":101},[57,163449,105],{"class":71},[57,163451,81147],{"class":113},[57,163453,117],{"class":71},[943,163455,163457],{"id":163456},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163459,69051],{},[48,163461,163463],{"className":50,"code":163462,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163464,163465,163501,163505,163518,163528,163532,163544],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163466,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493,163495,163497,163499],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163468,9442],{"class":63},[57,163470,68],{"class":67},[57,163472,161570],{"class":101},[57,163474,1949],{"class":71},[57,163476,3231],{"class":75},[57,163478,79],{"class":71},[57,163480,87],{"class":75},[57,163482,18293],{"class":71},[57,163484,72],{"class":71},[57,163486,170],{"class":169},[57,163488,614],{"class":173},[57,163490,170],{"class":169},[57,163492,79],{"class":71},[57,163494,181],{"class":169},[57,163496,4993],{"class":173},[57,163498,170],{"class":169},[57,163500,1975],{"class":71},[57,163502,163503],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163504,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163506,163507,163509,163511,163513,163516],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163508,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163510,6192],{"class":63},[57,163512,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163514,163515],{"class":63}," pairs",[57,163517,6623],{"class":71},[57,163519,163520,163522,163524,163526],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,163521,8296],{"class":101},[57,163523,105],{"class":71},[57,163525,23541],{"class":113},[57,163527,316],{"class":71},[57,163529,163530],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,163531,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163533,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542],{"class":59,"line":159},[57,163535,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163537,6192],{"class":63},[57,163539,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163541,163515],{"class":63},[57,163543,6623],{"class":71},[57,163545,163546,163548,163550,163552],{"class":59,"line":200},[57,163547,8296],{"class":101},[57,163549,105],{"class":71},[57,163551,23541],{"class":113},[57,163553,316],{"class":71},[20,163555,163556],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[943,163558,163560],{"id":163559},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163562,163563],{},"This is correct:",[48,163565,163567],{"className":50,"code":163566,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163568,163569,163593,163609,163613,163637],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163570,163571,163573,163575,163577,163579,163581,163583,163585,163587,163589,163591],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163572,5228],{"class":63},[57,163574,68],{"class":67},[57,163576,72],{"class":71},[57,163578,170],{"class":169},[57,163580,13110],{"class":173},[57,163582,170],{"class":169},[57,163584,79],{"class":71},[57,163586,181],{"class":169},[57,163588,36172],{"class":173},[57,163590,170],{"class":169},[57,163592,95],{"class":71},[57,163594,163595,163597,163599,163601,163603,163605,163607],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163596,459],{"class":63},[57,163598,68],{"class":67},[57,163600,72],{"class":71},[57,163602,13733],{"class":75},[57,163604,79],{"class":71},[57,163606,476],{"class":75},[57,163608,95],{"class":71},[57,163610,163611],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163612,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163614,163615,163617,163619,163621,163623,163625,163627,163629,163631,163633,163635],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,163616,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163618,36223],{"class":63},[57,163620,79],{"class":71},[57,163622,5338],{"class":63},[57,163624,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163626,161570],{"class":101},[57,163628,105],{"class":71},[57,163630,5272],{"class":113},[57,163632,79],{"class":71},[57,163634,5343],{"class":113},[57,163636,8570],{"class":71},[57,163638,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649],{"class":59,"line":154},[57,163640,8296],{"class":101},[57,163642,105],{"class":71},[57,163644,7898],{"class":113},[57,163646,79],{"class":71},[57,163648,130858],{"class":113},[57,163650,316],{"class":71},[20,163652,163653],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[48,163655,163657],{"className":50,"code":163656,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163658,163659,163679],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163660,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671,163673,163675,163677],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163662,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163664,6192],{"class":63},[57,163666,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163668,161570],{"class":101},[57,163670,105],{"class":71},[57,163672,5272],{"class":113},[57,163674,79],{"class":71},[57,163676,5343],{"class":113},[57,163678,8570],{"class":71},[57,163680,163681,163683,163685,163687],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163682,8296],{"class":101},[57,163684,105],{"class":71},[57,163686,23541],{"class":113},[57,163688,316],{"class":71},[20,163690,216],{},[48,163692,163694],{"className":50,"code":163693,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163695,163696,163712],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163697,163698,163700,163702,163704,163706,163708,163710],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163699,105],{"class":71},[57,163701,3543],{"class":169},[57,163703,13110],{"class":173},[57,163705,3543],{"class":169},[57,163707,79],{"class":71},[57,163709,20130],{"class":75},[57,163711,316],{"class":71},[57,163713,163714,163716,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163715,105],{"class":71},[57,163717,3543],{"class":169},[57,163719,36172],{"class":173},[57,163721,3543],{"class":169},[57,163723,79],{"class":71},[57,163725,476],{"class":75},[57,163727,316],{"class":71},[20,163729,163730],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[943,163732,443,163734,163736,163737],{"id":163733},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163735,64538],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163738,35980],{},[20,163740,1806,163741,163743],{},[15,163742,64538],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163745,1806,163746,163748],{},[15,163747,35980],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[48,163750,163751],{"className":50,"code":36149,"language":52,"meta":53,"style":53},[15,163752,163753,163785,163789,163809],{"__ignoreMap":53},[57,163754,163755,163757,163759,163761,163763,163765,163767,163769,163771,163773,163775,163777,163779,163781,163783],{"class":59,"line":60},[57,163756,5228],{"class":63},[57,163758,68],{"class":67},[57,163760,72],{"class":71},[57,163762,170],{"class":169},[57,163764,13110],{"class":173},[57,163766,170],{"class":169},[57,163768,79],{"class":71},[57,163770,181],{"class":169},[57,163772,36172],{"class":173},[57,163774,170],{"class":169},[57,163776,79],{"class":71},[57,163778,181],{"class":169},[57,163780,36181],{"class":173},[57,163782,170],{"class":169},[57,163784,95],{"class":71},[57,163786,163787],{"class":59,"line":98},[57,163788,124],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":123},[57,163790,163791,163793,163795,163797,163799,163801,163803,163805,163807],{"class":59,"line":120},[57,163792,6189],{"class":1962},[57,163794,36052],{"class":63},[57,163796,79],{"class":71},[57,163798,36200],{"class":63},[57,163800,1969],{"class":1962},[57,163802,36062],{"class":101},[57,163804,105],{"class":71},[57,163806,5272],{"class":113},[57,163808,8570],{"class":71},[57,163810,163811,163813,163815,163817,163819,163821],{"class":59,"line":127},[57,163812,8296],{"class":101},[57,163814,105],{"class":71},[57,163816,36077],{"class":113},[57,163818,79],{"class":71},[57,163820,36223],{"class":113},[57,163822,316],{"class":71},[20,163824,163825,163826,620],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[614,163827,13,163828,2144],{"href":92018},[15,163829,35980],{},[43,163831,2011],{"id":2010},[943,163833,2015,163835,2018],{"id":163834},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163836,64538],{},[20,163838,163839],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[943,163841,12933,163843,163845],{"id":163842},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163844,64538],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163847,163848],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[943,163850,163852,163853,2053],{"id":163851},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163854,64538],{},[20,163856,163857,163858,620],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163859,162465],{},[943,163861,163863,163864,2053],{"id":163862},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163865,64538],{},[20,163867,128223,163868,163870],{},[15,163869,162618],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[943,163872,163874],{"id":163873},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163876,163877],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[43,163879,2135],{"id":2134},[30,163881,163882,163887,163893,163897,163901],{},[33,163883,163884],{},[614,163885,163886],{"href":163405},"How to use zip in Python",[33,163888,163889],{},[614,163890,13,163891,2144],{"href":92018},[15,163892,35980],{},[33,163894,163895],{},[614,163896,5446],{"href":5818},[33,163898,163899],{},[614,163900,69903],{"href":69826},[33,163902,163903],{},[614,163904,32490],{"href":31315},[2172,163906,163907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":53,"searchDepth":98,"depth":98,"links":163909},[163910,163911,163913,163914,163915,163916,163924,163930,163939,163950],{"id":45,"depth":98,"text":46},{"id":161629,"depth":98,"text":163912},"What zip() does",{"id":293,"depth":98,"text":294},{"id":162022,"depth":98,"text":162023},{"id":162199,"depth":98,"text":162200},{"id":162451,"depth":98,"text":163917,"children":163918},"Converting zip() output",[163919,163921,163923],{"id":162462,"depth":120,"text":163920},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162615,"depth":120,"text":163922},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162785,"depth":120,"text":162786},{"id":41271,"depth":98,"text":41272,"children":163925},[163926,163927,163928,163929],{"id":162947,"depth":120,"text":162948},{"id":163064,"depth":120,"text":163065},{"id":163165,"depth":120,"text":163166},{"id":163276,"depth":120,"text":163277},{"id":163409,"depth":98,"text":163931,"children":163932},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163933,163935,163936,163937],{"id":163415,"depth":120,"text":163934},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163456,"depth":120,"text":163457},{"id":163559,"depth":120,"text":163560},{"id":163733,"depth":120,"text":163938},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":2010,"depth":98,"text":2011,"children":163940},[163941,163943,163945,163947,163949],{"id":163834,"depth":120,"text":163942},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163842,"depth":120,"text":163944},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163851,"depth":120,"text":163946},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163862,"depth":120,"text":163948},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163873,"depth":120,"text":163874},{"id":2134,"depth":98,"text":2135},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161471,"description":163951},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944848686]