[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163920},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2156},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2149,"extension":2150,"meta":2151,"navigation":112,"path":2152,"seo":2153,"stem":2154,"__hash__":2155},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2106},"minimark",[9,19,25,31,36,141,144,158,164,171,189,193,199,282,289,292,338,340,348,354,357,388,390,398,404,410,479,481,490,493,508,514,520,557,559,568,575,582,587,636,638,647,650,694,696,705,708,720,726,731,784,786,795,798,850,852,861,864,874,880,886,889,904,908,970,972,981,985,1174,1176,1216,1223,1229,1232,1259,1261,1287,1292,1329,1331,1340,1343,1346,1362,1369,1373,1378,1384,1389,1418,1421,1431,1471,1475,1478,1526,1528,1537,1540,1545,1622,1624,1633,1639,1643,1646,1699,1701,1709,1712,1778,1780,1788,1791,1797,1802,1815,1822,1831,1835,1838,1870,1876,1978,1988,1992,1999,2002,2009,2012,2016,2027,2036,2045,2054,2062,2066,2102],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-min-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"min()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,24],"p",{},[15,23,17],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,26,27,28,30],{},"This page explains what ",[15,29,17],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[32,33,35],"h2",{"id":34},"quick-example","Quick example",[37,38,43],"pre",{"className":39,"code":40,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n","python","",[15,44,45,85,107,114],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47,50,54,58,62,66,69,72,74,77,79,82],"span",{"class":48,"line":49},"line",1,[46,51,53],{"class":52},"su5hD","numbers ",[46,55,57],{"class":56},"smGrS","=",[46,59,61],{"class":60},"sP7_E"," [",[46,63,65],{"class":64},"srdBf","5",[46,67,68],{"class":60},",",[46,70,71],{"class":64}," 2",[46,73,68],{"class":60},[46,75,76],{"class":64}," 9",[46,78,68],{"class":60},[46,80,81],{"class":64}," 1",[46,83,84],{"class":60},"]\n",[46,86,88,92,95,98,100,104],{"class":48,"line":87},2,[46,89,91],{"class":90},"sptTA","print",[46,93,94],{"class":60},"(",[46,96,97],{"class":90},"min",[46,99,94],{"class":60},[46,101,103],{"class":102},"slqww","numbers",[46,105,106],{"class":60},"))\n",[46,108,110],{"class":48,"line":109},3,[46,111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},true,"\n",[46,115,117,119,121,123,125,127,129,131,133,135,137,139],{"class":48,"line":116},4,[46,118,91],{"class":90},[46,120,94],{"class":60},[46,122,97],{"class":90},[46,124,94],{"class":60},[46,126,65],{"class":64},[46,128,68],{"class":60},[46,130,71],{"class":64},[46,132,68],{"class":60},[46,134,76],{"class":64},[46,136,68],{"class":60},[46,138,81],{"class":64},[46,140,106],{"class":60},[20,142,143],{},"Output:",[37,145,147],{"className":39,"code":146,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n1\n",[15,148,149,154],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150,151],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152,153],{"class":64},"1\n",[46,155,156],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157,153],{"class":64},[20,159,160,161,163],{},"Use ",[15,162,17],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[32,165,167,168,170],{"id":166},"what-min-does","What ",[15,169,17],{}," does",[172,173,174,180,183,186],"ul",{},[175,176,177,179],"li",{},[15,178,17],{}," returns the smallest item",[175,181,182],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[175,184,185],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[175,187,188],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[32,190,192],{"id":191},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,194,195,196,198],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,197,17],{},":",[37,200,202],{"className":39,"code":201,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,203,204,216,242,263],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,205,206,208,210,213],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,207,97],{"class":90},[46,209,94],{"class":60},[46,211,212],{"class":102},"iterable",[46,214,215],{"class":60},")\n",[46,217,218,220,222,225,227,230,232,235,237,240],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,219,97],{"class":90},[46,221,94],{"class":60},[46,223,224],{"class":102},"value1",[46,226,68],{"class":60},[46,228,229],{"class":102}," value2",[46,231,68],{"class":60},[46,233,234],{"class":102}," value3",[46,236,68],{"class":60},[46,238,239],{"class":90}," ...",[46,241,215],{"class":60},[46,243,244,246,248,250,252,256,258,261],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,245,97],{"class":90},[46,247,94],{"class":60},[46,249,212],{"class":102},[46,251,68],{"class":60},[46,253,255],{"class":254},"s99_P"," key",[46,257,57],{"class":56},[46,259,260],{"class":90},"...",[46,262,215],{"class":60},[46,264,265,267,269,271,273,276,278,280],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,266,97],{"class":90},[46,268,94],{"class":60},[46,270,212],{"class":102},[46,272,68],{"class":60},[46,274,275],{"class":254}," default",[46,277,57],{"class":56},[46,279,260],{"class":90},[46,281,215],{"class":60},[283,284,286],"h3",{"id":285},"miniterable",[15,287,288],{},"min(iterable)",[20,290,291],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[37,293,295],{"className":39,"code":294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,296,297,324],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,298,299,301,303,305,308,310,313,315,318,320,322],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,300,53],{"class":52},[46,302,57],{"class":56},[46,304,61],{"class":60},[46,306,307],{"class":64},"8",[46,309,68],{"class":60},[46,311,312],{"class":64}," 3",[46,314,68],{"class":60},[46,316,317],{"class":64}," 12",[46,319,68],{"class":60},[46,321,81],{"class":64},[46,323,84],{"class":60},[46,325,326,328,330,332,334,336],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,327,91],{"class":90},[46,329,94],{"class":60},[46,331,97],{"class":90},[46,333,94],{"class":60},[46,335,103],{"class":102},[46,337,106],{"class":60},[20,339,143],{},[37,341,342],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,343,344],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,345,346],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,347,153],{"class":64},[283,349,351],{"id":350},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,352,353],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,355,356],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[37,358,360],{"className":39,"code":359,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,361,362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,363,364,366,368,370,372,374,376,378,380,382,384,386],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,365,91],{"class":90},[46,367,94],{"class":60},[46,369,97],{"class":90},[46,371,94],{"class":60},[46,373,307],{"class":64},[46,375,68],{"class":60},[46,377,312],{"class":64},[46,379,68],{"class":60},[46,381,317],{"class":64},[46,383,68],{"class":60},[46,385,81],{"class":64},[46,387,106],{"class":60},[20,389,143],{},[37,391,392],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,393,394],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,395,396],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,397,153],{"class":64},[283,399,401],{"id":400},"miniterable-key",[15,402,403],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,405,160,406,409],{},[15,407,408],{},"key"," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[37,411,413],{"className":39,"code":412,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,414,415,455],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,416,417,420,422,424,428,432,434,436,439,442,444,446,448,451,453],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,418,419],{"class":52},"words ",[46,421,57],{"class":56},[46,423,61],{"class":60},[46,425,427],{"class":426},"sjJ54","\"",[46,429,431],{"class":430},"s_sjI","pear",[46,433,427],{"class":426},[46,435,68],{"class":60},[46,437,438],{"class":426}," \"",[46,440,441],{"class":430},"kiwi",[46,443,427],{"class":426},[46,445,68],{"class":60},[46,447,438],{"class":426},[46,449,450],{"class":430},"banana",[46,452,427],{"class":426},[46,454,84],{"class":60},[46,456,457,459,461,463,465,468,470,472,474,477],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,458,91],{"class":90},[46,460,94],{"class":60},[46,462,97],{"class":90},[46,464,94],{"class":60},[46,466,467],{"class":102},"words",[46,469,68],{"class":60},[46,471,255],{"class":254},[46,473,57],{"class":56},[46,475,476],{"class":90},"len",[46,478,106],{"class":60},[20,480,143],{},[37,482,484],{"className":39,"code":483,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"kiwi\n",[15,485,486],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,487,488],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,489,483],{"class":52},[20,491,492],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,494,495,496,499,500,507],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,497,498],{},"len()",", see the ",[501,502,504,506],"a",{"href":503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,505,498],{}," function explained",".",[283,509,511],{"id":510},"miniterable-default",[15,512,513],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,515,160,516,519],{},[15,517,518],{},"default"," when the iterable might be empty.",[37,521,523],{"className":39,"code":522,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,524,525,534],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,526,527,529,531],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,528,53],{"class":52},[46,530,57],{"class":56},[46,532,533],{"class":60}," []\n",[46,535,536,538,540,542,544,546,548,550,552,555],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,537,91],{"class":90},[46,539,94],{"class":60},[46,541,97],{"class":90},[46,543,94],{"class":60},[46,545,103],{"class":102},[46,547,68],{"class":60},[46,549,275],{"class":254},[46,551,57],{"class":56},[46,553,554],{"class":64},"0",[46,556,106],{"class":60},[20,558,143],{},[37,560,562],{"className":39,"code":561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0\n",[15,563,564],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,565,566],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,567,561],{"class":64},[20,569,570,571,574],{},"This avoids a ",[15,572,573],{},"ValueError"," when there is no item to return.",[32,576,578,579,581],{"id":577},"using-min-with-numbers","Using ",[15,580,17],{}," with numbers",[20,583,584,586],{},[15,585,17],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[37,588,590],{"className":39,"code":589,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,591,592,621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,593,594,597,599,601,604,606,609,611,614,616,619],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,595,596],{"class":52},"scores ",[46,598,57],{"class":56},[46,600,61],{"class":60},[46,602,603],{"class":64},"88",[46,605,68],{"class":60},[46,607,608],{"class":64}," 72",[46,610,68],{"class":60},[46,612,613],{"class":64}," 95",[46,615,68],{"class":60},[46,617,618],{"class":64}," 60",[46,620,84],{"class":60},[46,622,623,625,627,629,631,634],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,624,91],{"class":90},[46,626,94],{"class":60},[46,628,97],{"class":90},[46,630,94],{"class":60},[46,632,633],{"class":102},"scores",[46,635,106],{"class":60},[20,637,143],{},[37,639,641],{"className":39,"code":640,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"60\n",[15,642,643],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,644,645],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,646,640],{"class":64},[20,648,649],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[37,651,653],{"className":39,"code":652,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,654,655,679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,656,657,660,662,664,667,669,672,674,677],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,658,659],{"class":52},"prices ",[46,661,57],{"class":56},[46,663,61],{"class":60},[46,665,666],{"class":64},"19.99",[46,668,68],{"class":60},[46,670,671],{"class":64}," 5.49",[46,673,68],{"class":60},[46,675,676],{"class":64}," 12.75",[46,678,84],{"class":60},[46,680,681,683,685,687,689,692],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,682,91],{"class":90},[46,684,94],{"class":60},[46,686,97],{"class":90},[46,688,94],{"class":60},[46,690,691],{"class":102},"prices",[46,693,106],{"class":60},[20,695,143],{},[37,697,699],{"className":39,"code":698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.49\n",[15,700,701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,702,703],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,704,698],{"class":64},[20,706,707],{},"This is useful for things like:",[172,709,710,712,714,717],{},[175,711,633],{},[175,713,691],{},[175,715,716],{},"measurements",[175,718,719],{},"ages",[32,721,578,723,725],{"id":722},"using-min-with-strings",[15,724,17],{}," with strings",[20,727,728,730],{},[15,729,17],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[37,732,734],{"className":39,"code":733,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,735,736,770],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,737,738,740,742,744,746,748,750,752,754,757,759,761,763,766,768],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,739,419],{"class":52},[46,741,57],{"class":56},[46,743,61],{"class":60},[46,745,427],{"class":426},[46,747,450],{"class":430},[46,749,427],{"class":426},[46,751,68],{"class":60},[46,753,438],{"class":426},[46,755,756],{"class":430},"apple",[46,758,427],{"class":426},[46,760,68],{"class":60},[46,762,438],{"class":426},[46,764,765],{"class":430},"cherry",[46,767,427],{"class":426},[46,769,84],{"class":60},[46,771,772,774,776,778,780,782],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,773,91],{"class":90},[46,775,94],{"class":60},[46,777,97],{"class":90},[46,779,94],{"class":60},[46,781,467],{"class":102},[46,783,106],{"class":60},[20,785,143],{},[37,787,789],{"className":39,"code":788,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"apple\n",[15,790,791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,792,793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,794,788],{"class":52},[20,796,797],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[37,799,801],{"className":39,"code":800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,802,803,836],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,804,805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819,821,824,826,828,830,832,834],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,806,419],{"class":52},[46,808,57],{"class":56},[46,810,61],{"class":60},[46,812,427],{"class":426},[46,814,450],{"class":430},[46,816,427],{"class":426},[46,818,68],{"class":60},[46,820,438],{"class":426},[46,822,823],{"class":430},"Apple",[46,825,427],{"class":426},[46,827,68],{"class":60},[46,829,438],{"class":426},[46,831,765],{"class":430},[46,833,427],{"class":426},[46,835,84],{"class":60},[46,837,838,840,842,844,846,848],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,839,91],{"class":90},[46,841,94],{"class":60},[46,843,97],{"class":90},[46,845,94],{"class":60},[46,847,467],{"class":102},[46,849,106],{"class":60},[20,851,143],{},[37,853,855],{"className":39,"code":854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Apple\n",[15,856,857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,858,859],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,860,854],{"class":52},[20,862,863],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,865,866,867,507],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[501,868,870,873],{"href":869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,871,872],{},"sorted()"," explained",[32,875,578,877,879],{"id":876},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,878,17],{}," with a key function",[20,881,882,883,885],{},"The ",[15,884,408],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,887,888],{},"Important points:",[172,890,891,896,901],{},[175,892,893,895],{},[15,894,408],{}," changes the comparison rule",[175,897,898,900],{},[15,899,17],{}," still returns the original item",[175,902,903],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[283,905,907],{"id":906},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[37,909,911],{"className":39,"code":910,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,912,913,948],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,914,915,917,919,921,923,926,928,930,932,935,937,939,941,944,946],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,916,419],{"class":52},[46,918,57],{"class":56},[46,920,61],{"class":60},[46,922,427],{"class":426},[46,924,925],{"class":430},"elephant",[46,927,427],{"class":426},[46,929,68],{"class":60},[46,931,438],{"class":426},[46,933,934],{"class":430},"cat",[46,936,427],{"class":426},[46,938,68],{"class":60},[46,940,438],{"class":426},[46,942,943],{"class":430},"giraffe",[46,945,427],{"class":426},[46,947,84],{"class":60},[46,949,950,952,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,951,91],{"class":90},[46,953,94],{"class":60},[46,955,97],{"class":90},[46,957,94],{"class":60},[46,959,467],{"class":102},[46,961,68],{"class":60},[46,963,255],{"class":254},[46,965,57],{"class":56},[46,967,476],{"class":90},[46,969,106],{"class":60},[20,971,143],{},[37,973,975],{"className":39,"code":974,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cat\n",[15,976,977],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,978,979],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,980,974],{"class":52},[283,982,984],{"id":983},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[37,986,988],{"className":39,"code":987,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,989,990,1000,1038,1071,1106,1111,1116,1162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,991,992,995,997],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,993,994],{"class":52},"students ",[46,996,57],{"class":56},[46,998,999],{"class":60}," [\n",[46,1001,1002,1005,1007,1010,1012,1014,1016,1019,1021,1023,1025,1028,1030,1032,1035],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1003,1004],{"class":60},"    {",[46,1006,427],{"class":426},[46,1008,1009],{"class":430},"name",[46,1011,427],{"class":426},[46,1013,198],{"class":60},[46,1015,438],{"class":426},[46,1017,1018],{"class":430},"Ana",[46,1020,427],{"class":426},[46,1022,68],{"class":60},[46,1024,438],{"class":426},[46,1026,1027],{"class":430},"score",[46,1029,427],{"class":426},[46,1031,198],{"class":60},[46,1033,1034],{"class":64}," 85",[46,1036,1037],{"class":60},"},\n",[46,1039,1040,1042,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1055,1057,1059,1061,1063,1065,1067,1069],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,1041,1004],{"class":60},[46,1043,427],{"class":426},[46,1045,1009],{"class":430},[46,1047,427],{"class":426},[46,1049,198],{"class":60},[46,1051,438],{"class":426},[46,1053,1054],{"class":430},"Ben",[46,1056,427],{"class":426},[46,1058,68],{"class":60},[46,1060,438],{"class":426},[46,1062,1027],{"class":430},[46,1064,427],{"class":426},[46,1066,198],{"class":60},[46,1068,608],{"class":64},[46,1070,1037],{"class":60},[46,1072,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1103],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,1074,1004],{"class":60},[46,1076,427],{"class":426},[46,1078,1009],{"class":430},[46,1080,427],{"class":426},[46,1082,198],{"class":60},[46,1084,438],{"class":426},[46,1086,1087],{"class":430},"Cara",[46,1089,427],{"class":426},[46,1091,68],{"class":60},[46,1093,438],{"class":426},[46,1095,1027],{"class":430},[46,1097,427],{"class":426},[46,1099,198],{"class":60},[46,1101,1102],{"class":64}," 90",[46,1104,1105],{"class":60},"}\n",[46,1107,1109],{"class":48,"line":1108},5,[46,1110,84],{"class":60},[46,1112,1114],{"class":48,"line":1113},6,[46,1115,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,1117,1119,1122,1124,1127,1129,1132,1134,1136,1138,1142,1146,1148,1150,1153,1155,1157,1159],{"class":48,"line":1118},7,[46,1120,1121],{"class":52},"lowest ",[46,1123,57],{"class":56},[46,1125,1126],{"class":90}," min",[46,1128,94],{"class":60},[46,1130,1131],{"class":102},"students",[46,1133,68],{"class":60},[46,1135,255],{"class":254},[46,1137,57],{"class":56},[46,1139,1141],{"class":1140},"sbsja","lambda",[46,1143,1145],{"class":1144},"sFwrP"," student",[46,1147,198],{"class":60},[46,1149,1145],{"class":102},[46,1151,1152],{"class":60},"[",[46,1154,427],{"class":426},[46,1156,1027],{"class":430},[46,1158,427],{"class":426},[46,1160,1161],{"class":60},"])\n",[46,1163,1165,1167,1169,1172],{"class":48,"line":1164},8,[46,1166,91],{"class":90},[46,1168,94],{"class":60},[46,1170,1171],{"class":102},"lowest",[46,1173,215],{"class":60},[20,1175,143],{},[37,1177,1179],{"className":39,"code":1178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,1180,1181],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1182,1183,1186,1189,1191,1193,1195,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1208,1210,1212,1214],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1184,1185],{"class":60},"{",[46,1187,1188],{"class":426},"'",[46,1190,1009],{"class":430},[46,1192,1188],{"class":426},[46,1194,198],{"class":60},[46,1196,1197],{"class":426}," '",[46,1199,1054],{"class":430},[46,1201,1188],{"class":426},[46,1203,68],{"class":60},[46,1205,1197],{"class":426},[46,1207,1027],{"class":430},[46,1209,1188],{"class":426},[46,1211,198],{"class":60},[46,1213,608],{"class":64},[46,1215,1105],{"class":60},[20,1217,1218,1219,1222],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,1220,1221],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[32,1224,578,1226,1228],{"id":1225},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,1227,518],{}," with empty iterables",[20,1230,1231],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[37,1233,1235],{"className":39,"code":1234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,1236,1237,1245],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1238,1239,1241,1243],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1240,53],{"class":52},[46,1242,57],{"class":56},[46,1244,533],{"class":60},[46,1246,1247,1249,1251,1253,1255,1257],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1248,91],{"class":90},[46,1250,94],{"class":60},[46,1252,97],{"class":90},[46,1254,94],{"class":60},[46,1256,103],{"class":102},[46,1258,106],{"class":60},[20,1260,143],{},[37,1262,1264],{"className":39,"code":1263,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,1265,1266],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1267,1268,1271,1273,1275,1278,1281,1284],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1269,573],{"class":1270},"sZMiF",[46,1272,198],{"class":60},[46,1274,1126],{"class":90},[46,1276,1277],{"class":60},"()",[46,1279,1280],{"class":52}," arg ",[46,1282,1283],{"class":56},"is",[46,1285,1286],{"class":52}," an empty sequence\n",[20,1288,1289,1290,198],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,1291,518],{},[37,1293,1295],{"className":39,"code":1294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,1296,1297,1305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1298,1299,1301,1303],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1300,53],{"class":52},[46,1302,57],{"class":56},[46,1304,533],{"class":60},[46,1306,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319,1321,1323,1327],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1308,91],{"class":90},[46,1310,94],{"class":60},[46,1312,97],{"class":90},[46,1314,94],{"class":60},[46,1316,103],{"class":102},[46,1318,68],{"class":60},[46,1320,275],{"class":254},[46,1322,57],{"class":56},[46,1324,1326],{"class":1325},"s39Yj","None",[46,1328,106],{"class":60},[20,1330,143],{},[37,1332,1334],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n",[15,1335,1336],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1337,1338],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1339,1333],{"class":1325},[20,1341,1342],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,1344,1345],{},"Remember:",[172,1347,1348,1356],{},[175,1349,1350,1352,1353,1355],{},[15,1351,518],{}," works only when ",[15,1354,17],{}," gets one iterable argument",[175,1357,1358,1359],{},"It does not work with ",[15,1360,1361],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,1363,1364,1365,507],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[501,1366,1368],{"href":1367},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[32,1370,1372],{"id":1371},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,1374,1375,1376,507],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,1377,17],{},[283,1379,1381,1382],{"id":1380},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,1383,518],{},[20,1385,1386,1387,198],{},"This raises a ",[15,1388,573],{},[37,1390,1392],{"className":39,"code":1391,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,1393,1394,1403],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1395,1396,1399,1401],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1397,1398],{"class":52},"items ",[46,1400,57],{"class":56},[46,1402,533],{"class":60},[46,1404,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1416],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1406,91],{"class":90},[46,1408,94],{"class":60},[46,1410,97],{"class":90},[46,1412,94],{"class":60},[46,1414,1415],{"class":102},"items",[46,1417,106],{"class":60},[20,1419,1420],{},"Fix it by:",[172,1422,1423,1426],{},[175,1424,1425],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[175,1427,1428,1429],{},"or using ",[15,1430,518],{},[37,1432,1434],{"className":39,"code":1433,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,1435,1436,1444],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1437,1438,1440,1442],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1439,1398],{"class":52},[46,1441,57],{"class":56},[46,1443,533],{"class":60},[46,1445,1446,1448,1450,1452,1454,1456,1458,1460,1462,1464,1467,1469],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1447,91],{"class":90},[46,1449,94],{"class":60},[46,1451,97],{"class":90},[46,1453,94],{"class":60},[46,1455,1415],{"class":102},[46,1457,68],{"class":60},[46,1459,275],{"class":254},[46,1461,57],{"class":56},[46,1463,427],{"class":426},[46,1465,1466],{"class":430},"no items",[46,1468,427],{"class":426},[46,1470,106],{"class":60},[283,1472,1474],{"id":1473},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,1476,1477],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[37,1479,1481],{"className":39,"code":1480,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,1482,1483,1511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1484,1485,1488,1490,1492,1495,1497,1499,1502,1504,1506,1509],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1486,1487],{"class":52},"data ",[46,1489,57],{"class":56},[46,1491,61],{"class":60},[46,1493,1494],{"class":64},"10",[46,1496,68],{"class":60},[46,1498,438],{"class":426},[46,1500,1501],{"class":430},"20",[46,1503,427],{"class":426},[46,1505,68],{"class":60},[46,1507,1508],{"class":64}," 5",[46,1510,84],{"class":60},[46,1512,1513,1515,1517,1519,1521,1524],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1514,91],{"class":90},[46,1516,94],{"class":60},[46,1518,97],{"class":90},[46,1520,94],{"class":60},[46,1522,1523],{"class":102},"data",[46,1525,106],{"class":60},[20,1527,143],{},[37,1529,1531],{"className":39,"code":1530,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError\n",[15,1532,1533],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1534,1535],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1536,1530],{"class":1270},[20,1538,1539],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,1541,1542,1543,507],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,1544,17],{},[37,1546,1548],{"className":39,"code":1547,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,1549,1550,1574,1608],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1551,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1553,1487],{"class":52},[46,1555,57],{"class":56},[46,1557,61],{"class":60},[46,1559,1494],{"class":64},[46,1561,68],{"class":60},[46,1563,438],{"class":426},[46,1565,1501],{"class":430},[46,1567,427],{"class":426},[46,1569,68],{"class":60},[46,1571,1508],{"class":64},[46,1573,84],{"class":60},[46,1575,1576,1578,1580,1582,1585,1587,1590,1593,1597,1600,1603,1606],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1577,53],{"class":52},[46,1579,57],{"class":56},[46,1581,61],{"class":60},[46,1583,1584],{"class":1270},"int",[46,1586,94],{"class":60},[46,1588,1589],{"class":102},"x",[46,1591,1592],{"class":60},")",[46,1594,1596],{"class":1595},"sVHd0"," for",[46,1598,1599],{"class":52}," x ",[46,1601,1602],{"class":1595},"in",[46,1604,1605],{"class":52}," data",[46,1607,84],{"class":60},[46,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,1611,91],{"class":90},[46,1613,94],{"class":60},[46,1615,97],{"class":90},[46,1617,94],{"class":60},[46,1619,103],{"class":102},[46,1621,106],{"class":60},[20,1623,143],{},[37,1625,1627],{"className":39,"code":1626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n",[15,1628,1629],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1630,1631],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1632,1626],{"class":64},[20,1634,1635,1636,507],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,1637,1638],{},"TypeError",[283,1640,1642],{"id":1641},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,1644,1645],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[37,1647,1649],{"className":39,"code":1648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,1650,1651,1685],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1652,1653,1655,1657,1659,1661,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1681,1683],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1654,419],{"class":52},[46,1656,57],{"class":56},[46,1658,61],{"class":60},[46,1660,427],{"class":426},[46,1662,1663],{"class":430},"zebra",[46,1665,427],{"class":426},[46,1667,68],{"class":60},[46,1669,438],{"class":426},[46,1671,823],{"class":430},[46,1673,427],{"class":426},[46,1675,68],{"class":60},[46,1677,438],{"class":426},[46,1679,1680],{"class":430},"monkey",[46,1682,427],{"class":426},[46,1684,84],{"class":60},[46,1686,1687,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1688,91],{"class":90},[46,1690,94],{"class":60},[46,1692,97],{"class":90},[46,1694,94],{"class":60},[46,1696,467],{"class":102},[46,1698,106],{"class":60},[20,1700,143],{},[37,1702,1703],{"className":39,"code":854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,1704,1705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1706,1707],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1708,854],{"class":52},[20,1710,1711],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[37,1713,1715],{"className":39,"code":1714,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,1716,1717,1749],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1718,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735,1737,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1720,419],{"class":52},[46,1722,57],{"class":56},[46,1724,61],{"class":60},[46,1726,427],{"class":426},[46,1728,1663],{"class":430},[46,1730,427],{"class":426},[46,1732,68],{"class":60},[46,1734,438],{"class":426},[46,1736,823],{"class":430},[46,1738,427],{"class":426},[46,1740,68],{"class":60},[46,1742,438],{"class":426},[46,1744,1680],{"class":430},[46,1746,427],{"class":426},[46,1748,84],{"class":60},[46,1750,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1767,1770,1772,1776],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1752,91],{"class":90},[46,1754,94],{"class":60},[46,1756,97],{"class":90},[46,1758,94],{"class":60},[46,1760,467],{"class":102},[46,1762,68],{"class":60},[46,1764,255],{"class":254},[46,1766,57],{"class":56},[46,1768,1769],{"class":1270},"str",[46,1771,507],{"class":60},[46,1773,1775],{"class":1774},"skxfh","lower",[46,1777,106],{"class":60},[20,1779,143],{},[37,1781,1782],{"className":39,"code":854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,1783,1784],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1785,1786],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1787,854],{"class":52},[20,1789,1790],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[32,1792,1794,1795],{"id":1793},"when-to-use-min","When to use ",[15,1796,17],{},[20,1798,160,1799,1801],{},[15,1800,17],{}," when:",[172,1803,1804,1807,1812],{},[175,1805,1806],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[175,1808,1809,1810],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,1811,408],{},[175,1813,1814],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,1816,160,1817,1821],{},[501,1818,1819],{"href":869},[15,1820,872],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,1823,160,1824,1830],{},[501,1825,1827],{"href":1826},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,1828,1829],{},"max()"," if you want the largest item instead.",[32,1832,1834],{"id":1833},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1836,1837],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[172,1839,1840,1848,1851,1857,1865],{},[175,1841,1842,1843,1845,1846],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,1844,17],{}," without using ",[15,1847,518],{},[175,1849,1850],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[175,1852,1853,1854,1856],{},"Expecting ",[15,1855,17],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[175,1858,1859,1860,1862,1863,900],{},"Forgetting that ",[15,1861,408],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,1864,17],{},[175,1866,578,1867,1869],{},[15,1868,518],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,1871,1872,1873,1875],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,1874,17],{},", these quick checks can help:",[37,1877,1879],{"className":39,"code":1878,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,1880,1881,1896,1906,1920,1934,1956],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,1882,1883,1885,1887,1890,1892,1894],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,1884,91],{"class":90},[46,1886,94],{"class":60},[46,1888,1889],{"class":1270},"type",[46,1891,94],{"class":60},[46,1893,1523],{"class":102},[46,1895,106],{"class":60},[46,1897,1898,1900,1902,1904],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,1899,91],{"class":90},[46,1901,94],{"class":60},[46,1903,1523],{"class":102},[46,1905,215],{"class":60},[46,1907,1908,1910,1912,1914,1916,1918],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,1909,91],{"class":90},[46,1911,94],{"class":60},[46,1913,476],{"class":90},[46,1915,94],{"class":60},[46,1917,1523],{"class":102},[46,1919,106],{"class":60},[46,1921,1922,1924,1926,1928,1930,1932],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,1923,91],{"class":90},[46,1925,94],{"class":60},[46,1927,97],{"class":90},[46,1929,94],{"class":60},[46,1931,1523],{"class":102},[46,1933,106],{"class":60},[46,1935,1936,1938,1940,1942,1944,1946,1948,1950,1952,1954],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,1937,91],{"class":90},[46,1939,94],{"class":60},[46,1941,97],{"class":90},[46,1943,94],{"class":60},[46,1945,1523],{"class":102},[46,1947,68],{"class":60},[46,1949,275],{"class":254},[46,1951,57],{"class":56},[46,1953,1326],{"class":1325},[46,1955,106],{"class":60},[46,1957,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,1959,91],{"class":90},[46,1961,94],{"class":60},[46,1963,97],{"class":90},[46,1965,94],{"class":60},[46,1967,467],{"class":102},[46,1969,68],{"class":60},[46,1971,255],{"class":254},[46,1973,57],{"class":56},[46,1975,476],{"class":90},[46,1977,106],{"class":60},[20,1979,1980,1981,1984,1985,1987],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,1982,1983],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,1986,1523],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[32,1989,1991],{"id":1990},"faq","FAQ",[283,1993,1995,1996,1998],{"id":1994},"what-does-min-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1997,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,2000,2001],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[283,2003,2005,2006,2008],{"id":2004},"can-min-work-with-strings","Can ",[15,2007,17],{}," work with strings?",[20,2010,2011],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[283,2013,2015],{"id":2014},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,2017,2018,2020,2021,2023,2024,2026],{},[15,2019,17],{}," raises a ",[15,2022,573],{}," unless you use the ",[15,2025,518],{}," argument.",[283,2028,1995,2030,2032,2033,2035],{"id":2029},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,2031,408],{}," do in ",[15,2034,17],{},"?",[20,2037,2038,2040,2041,2044],{},[15,2039,408],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,2042,2043],{},"key=len"," compares strings by length.",[283,2046,2048,2049,2051,2052,2035],{"id":2047},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted","What is the difference between ",[15,2050,17],{}," and ",[15,2053,872],{},[20,2055,2056,2058,2059,2061],{},[15,2057,17],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,2060,872],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[32,2063,2065],{"id":2064},"see-also","See also",[172,2067,2068,2074,2080,2086,2092,2098],{},[175,2069,2070],{},[501,2071,2072,506],{"href":1826},[15,2073,1829],{},[175,2075,2076],{},[501,2077,2078,506],{"href":869},[15,2079,872],{},[175,2081,2082],{},[501,2083,2084,506],{"href":503},[15,2085,498],{},[175,2087,2088],{},[501,2089,2091],{"href":2090},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list in Python",[175,2093,2094],{},[501,2095,2097],{"href":2096},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[175,2099,2100],{},[501,2101,1368],{"href":1367},[2103,2104,2105],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, 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.sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":2107},[2108,2109,2111,2117,2119,2121,2126,2128,2134,2136,2137,2148],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":166,"depth":87,"text":2110},"What min() does",{"id":191,"depth":87,"text":192,"children":2112},[2113,2114,2115,2116],{"id":285,"depth":109,"text":288},{"id":350,"depth":109,"text":353},{"id":400,"depth":109,"text":403},{"id":510,"depth":109,"text":513},{"id":577,"depth":87,"text":2118},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":722,"depth":87,"text":2120},"Using min() with strings",{"id":876,"depth":87,"text":2122,"children":2123},"Using min() with a key function",[2124,2125],{"id":906,"depth":109,"text":907},{"id":983,"depth":109,"text":984},{"id":1225,"depth":87,"text":2127},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":1371,"depth":87,"text":1372,"children":2129},[2130,2132,2133],{"id":1380,"depth":109,"text":2131},"Empty list without default",{"id":1473,"depth":109,"text":1474},{"id":1641,"depth":109,"text":1642},{"id":1793,"depth":87,"text":2135},"When to use min()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":2138},[2139,2141,2143,2144,2146],{"id":1994,"depth":109,"text":2140},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":2004,"depth":109,"text":2142},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":2014,"depth":109,"text":2015},{"id":2029,"depth":109,"text":2145},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":2047,"depth":109,"text":2147},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2149},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",[2157,3752,5448,7145,9282,11478,12996,15169,17374,19834,21672,24237,26335,28616,30563,32473,34470,35909,37733,40255,42415,43642,45013,46661,48979,50823,52803,54496,55749,57442,59190,61162,62912,65012,66371,68322,69884,71873,73667,75565,78006,80079,82719,84736,86521,88709,90713,93026,94708,96153,97347,98525,100365,102805,104509,106524,108048,109293,110456,111838,113909,115806,117580,119446,121565,123305,124767,126361,128284,129961,131896,133385,136169,137746,139305,141333,143285,144748,145937,147823,149234,150930,152484,153906,155309,157207,159601,161432],{"id":2158,"title":2159,"body":2160,"description":3746,"extension":2150,"meta":3747,"navigation":112,"path":3748,"seo":3749,"stem":3750,"__hash__":3751},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2161,"toc":3718},[2162,2165,2171,2174,2185,2188,2190,2255,2257,2277,2282,2286,2291,2294,2309,2312,2337,2340,2344,2347,2362,2365,2391,2394,2454,2456,2471,2481,2492,2496,2499,2551,2553,2573,2576,2600,2607,2611,2616,2622,2624,2662,2664,2673,2679,2697,2700,2712,2716,2721,2725,2728,2749,2751,2809,2811,2819,2822,2826,2858,2860,2868,2871,2875,2880,2928,2930,2938,2942,3002,3004,3012,3015,3017,3021,3024,3047,3056,3072,3123,3125,3139,3150,3154,3157,3187,3192,3196,3201,3242,3244,3255,3258,3301,3303,3311,3315,3320,3342,3344,3353,3362,3366,3371,3393,3395,3465,3467,3517,3520,3523,3526,3606,3608,3638,3640,3644,3647,3651,3654,3658,3661,3665,3677,3681,3684,3686,3715],[10,2163,2159],{"id":2164},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2166,882,2167,2170],{},[15,2168,2169],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2172,2173],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[172,2175,2176,2179,2182],{},[175,2177,2178],{},"a number without its negative sign",[175,2180,2181],{},"the distance between two numbers",[175,2183,2184],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2186,2187],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[32,2189,35],{"id":34},[37,2191,2193],{"className":39,"code":2192,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2194,2195,2214,2229],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2196,2197,2199,2201,2204,2206,2209,2212],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2198,91],{"class":90},[46,2200,94],{"class":60},[46,2202,2203],{"class":90},"abs",[46,2205,94],{"class":60},[46,2207,2208],{"class":56},"-",[46,2210,2211],{"class":64},"7",[46,2213,106],{"class":60},[46,2215,2216,2218,2220,2222,2224,2227],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2217,91],{"class":90},[46,2219,94],{"class":60},[46,2221,2203],{"class":90},[46,2223,94],{"class":60},[46,2225,2226],{"class":64},"3.5",[46,2228,106],{"class":60},[46,2230,2231,2233,2235,2237,2239,2241,2244,2247,2250,2253],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2232,91],{"class":90},[46,2234,94],{"class":60},[46,2236,2203],{"class":90},[46,2238,94],{"class":60},[46,2240,2208],{"class":56},[46,2242,2243],{"class":64},"2",[46,2245,2246],{"class":56},"+",[46,2248,2249],{"class":64},"3",[46,2251,2252],{"class":1140},"j",[46,2254,106],{"class":60},[20,2256,143],{},[37,2258,2260],{"className":39,"code":2259,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2261,2262,2267,2272],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2263,2264],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2265,2266],{"class":64},"7\n",[46,2268,2269],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2270,2271],{"class":64},"3.5\n",[46,2273,2274],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2275,2276],{"class":64},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2278,160,2279,2281],{},[15,2280,2169],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[32,2283,2285],{"id":2284},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2287,2288,2290],{},[15,2289,2169],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2292,2293],{},"That means:",[172,2295,2296,2299,2302],{},[175,2297,2298],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[175,2300,2301],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[175,2303,2304,2306,2307],{},[15,2305,554],{}," stays ",[15,2308,554],{},[20,2310,2311],{},"Examples:",[172,2313,2314,2322,2330],{},[175,2315,2316,2319,2320],{},[15,2317,2318],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2321,65],{},[175,2323,2324,2319,2327],{},[15,2325,2326],{},"abs(9)",[15,2328,2329],{},"9",[175,2331,2332,2319,2335],{},[15,2333,2334],{},"abs(0)",[15,2336,554],{},[20,2338,2339],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[32,2341,2343],{"id":2342},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,2345,2346],{},"The syntax is:",[37,2348,2350],{"className":39,"code":2349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"abs(x)\n",[15,2351,2352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2353,2354,2356,2358,2360],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2355,2203],{"class":90},[46,2357,94],{"class":60},[46,2359,1589],{"class":102},[46,2361,215],{"class":60},[20,2363,2364],{},"Here:",[172,2366,2367,2383,2388],{},[175,2368,2369,2371,2372,2374,2375,2378,2379,2382],{},[15,2370,1589],{}," is usually an ",[15,2373,1584],{},", ",[15,2376,2377],{},"float",", or ",[15,2380,2381],{},"complex"," number",[175,2384,2385,2387],{},[15,2386,2169],{}," returns a new value",[175,2389,2390],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2392,2393],{},"Example:",[37,2395,2397],{"className":39,"code":2396,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2398,2399,2412,2429,2433,2443],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2400,2401,2404,2406,2409],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2402,2403],{"class":52},"number ",[46,2405,57],{"class":56},[46,2407,2408],{"class":56}," -",[46,2410,2411],{"class":64},"12\n",[46,2413,2414,2417,2419,2422,2424,2427],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2415,2416],{"class":52},"result ",[46,2418,57],{"class":56},[46,2420,2421],{"class":90}," abs",[46,2423,94],{"class":60},[46,2425,2426],{"class":102},"number",[46,2428,215],{"class":60},[46,2430,2431],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2432,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,2434,2435,2437,2439,2441],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,2436,91],{"class":90},[46,2438,94],{"class":60},[46,2440,2426],{"class":102},[46,2442,215],{"class":60},[46,2444,2445,2447,2449,2452],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,2446,91],{"class":90},[46,2448,94],{"class":60},[46,2450,2451],{"class":102},"result",[46,2453,215],{"class":60},[20,2455,143],{},[37,2457,2459],{"className":39,"code":2458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-12\n12\n",[15,2460,2461,2467],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2462,2463,2465],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2464,2208],{"class":56},[46,2466,2411],{"class":64},[46,2468,2469],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2470,2411],{"class":64},[20,2472,2473,2474,2476,2477,2480],{},"Notice that ",[15,2475,2426],{}," is still ",[15,2478,2479],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2482,2483,2484,2491],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[501,2485,2487,2490],{"href":2486},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2488,2489],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[32,2493,2495],{"id":2494},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2497,2498],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[37,2500,2502],{"className":39,"code":2501,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2503,2504,2520,2534],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2505,2506,2508,2510,2512,2514,2516,2518],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2507,91],{"class":90},[46,2509,94],{"class":60},[46,2511,2203],{"class":90},[46,2513,94],{"class":60},[46,2515,2208],{"class":56},[46,2517,1494],{"class":64},[46,2519,106],{"class":60},[46,2521,2522,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2523,91],{"class":90},[46,2525,94],{"class":60},[46,2527,2203],{"class":90},[46,2529,94],{"class":60},[46,2531,307],{"class":64},[46,2533,106],{"class":60},[46,2535,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2546,2549],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2537,91],{"class":90},[46,2539,94],{"class":60},[46,2541,2203],{"class":90},[46,2543,94],{"class":60},[46,2545,2208],{"class":56},[46,2547,2548],{"class":64},"4.2",[46,2550,106],{"class":60},[20,2552,143],{},[37,2554,2556],{"className":39,"code":2555,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2557,2558,2563,2568],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2559,2560],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2561,2562],{"class":64},"10\n",[46,2564,2565],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2566,2567],{"class":64},"8\n",[46,2569,2570],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2571,2572],{"class":64},"4.2\n",[20,2574,2575],{},"What each line does:",[172,2577,2578,2586,2593],{},[175,2579,2580,2583,2584],{},[15,2581,2582],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2585,1494],{},[175,2587,2588,2583,2591],{},[15,2589,2590],{},"abs(8)",[15,2592,307],{},[175,2594,2595,2583,2598],{},[15,2596,2597],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2599,2548],{},[20,2601,2602,2603,507],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[501,2604,2606],{"href":2605},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[32,2608,2610],{"id":2609},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2612,2613,2615],{},[15,2614,2169],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2617,2618,2619,2621],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2620,554],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2623,2393],{},[37,2625,2627],{"className":39,"code":2626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2628,2629,2647],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2630,2631,2634,2636,2638,2641,2644],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2632,2633],{"class":52},"value ",[46,2635,57],{"class":56},[46,2637,312],{"class":64},[46,2639,2640],{"class":56}," +",[46,2642,2643],{"class":64}," 4",[46,2645,2646],{"class":1140},"j\n",[46,2648,2649,2651,2653,2655,2657,2660],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2650,91],{"class":90},[46,2652,94],{"class":60},[46,2654,2203],{"class":90},[46,2656,94],{"class":60},[46,2658,2659],{"class":102},"value",[46,2661,106],{"class":60},[20,2663,143],{},[37,2665,2667],{"className":39,"code":2666,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.0\n",[15,2668,2669],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2670,2671],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2672,2666],{"class":64},[20,2674,2675,2676,2035],{},"Why ",[15,2677,2678],{},"5.0",[172,2680,2681,2686,2692],{},[175,2682,2683,2684],{},"the real part is ",[15,2685,2249],{},[175,2687,2688,2689],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2690,2691],{},"4",[175,2693,2694,2695],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2696,2678],{},[20,2698,2699],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[172,2701,2702,2709],{},[175,2703,2704,2706,2707],{},[15,2705,2169],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2708,2377],{},[175,2710,2711],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[32,2713,2715],{"id":2714},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2717,2718,2719,507],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2720,2169],{},[283,2722,2724],{"id":2723},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2726,2727],{},"A very common pattern is:",[37,2729,2731],{"className":39,"code":2730,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2732,2733],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2734,2735,2737,2739,2742,2744,2747],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2736,2203],{"class":90},[46,2738,94],{"class":60},[46,2740,2741],{"class":102},"a ",[46,2743,2208],{"class":56},[46,2745,2746],{"class":102}," b",[46,2748,215],{"class":60},[20,2750,2393],{},[37,2752,2754],{"className":39,"code":2753,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2755,2756,2765,2775,2779,2798],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2757,2758,2760,2762],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2759,2741],{"class":52},[46,2761,57],{"class":56},[46,2763,2764],{"class":64}," 3\n",[46,2766,2767,2770,2772],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2768,2769],{"class":52},"b ",[46,2771,57],{"class":56},[46,2773,2774],{"class":64}," 10\n",[46,2776,2777],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2778,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,2780,2781,2784,2786,2788,2790,2792,2794,2796],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,2782,2783],{"class":52},"distance ",[46,2785,57],{"class":56},[46,2787,2421],{"class":90},[46,2789,94],{"class":60},[46,2791,2741],{"class":102},[46,2793,2208],{"class":56},[46,2795,2746],{"class":102},[46,2797,215],{"class":60},[46,2799,2800,2802,2804,2807],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,2801,91],{"class":90},[46,2803,94],{"class":60},[46,2805,2806],{"class":102},"distance",[46,2808,215],{"class":60},[20,2810,143],{},[37,2812,2813],{"className":39,"code":2266,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,2814,2815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2816,2817],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2818,2266],{"class":64},[20,2820,2821],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[283,2823,2825],{"id":2824},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[37,2827,2829],{"className":39,"code":2828,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2830,2831,2843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2832,2833,2836,2838,2840],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2834,2835],{"class":52},"temperature_change ",[46,2837,57],{"class":56},[46,2839,2408],{"class":56},[46,2841,2842],{"class":64},"6\n",[46,2844,2845,2847,2849,2851,2853,2856],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2846,91],{"class":90},[46,2848,94],{"class":60},[46,2850,2203],{"class":90},[46,2852,94],{"class":60},[46,2854,2855],{"class":102},"temperature_change",[46,2857,106],{"class":60},[20,2859,143],{},[37,2861,2862],{"className":39,"code":2842,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,2863,2864],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2865,2866],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2867,2842],{"class":64},[20,2869,2870],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[283,2872,2874],{"id":2873},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2876,2877,2878,2491],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2879,2169],{},[37,2881,2883],{"className":39,"code":2882,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2884,2885,2897,2913,2917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2886,2887,2890,2892,2894],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2888,2889],{"class":52},"balance_change ",[46,2891,57],{"class":56},[46,2893,2408],{"class":56},[46,2895,2896],{"class":64},"25\n",[46,2898,2899,2902,2904,2906,2908,2911],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2900,2901],{"class":52},"safe_value ",[46,2903,57],{"class":56},[46,2905,2421],{"class":90},[46,2907,94],{"class":60},[46,2909,2910],{"class":102},"balance_change",[46,2912,215],{"class":60},[46,2914,2915],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2916,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,2918,2919,2921,2923,2926],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,2920,91],{"class":90},[46,2922,94],{"class":60},[46,2924,2925],{"class":102},"safe_value",[46,2927,215],{"class":60},[20,2929,143],{},[37,2931,2932],{"className":39,"code":2896,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,2933,2934],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2935,2936],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2937,2896],{"class":64},[283,2939,2941],{"id":2940},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[37,2943,2945],{"className":39,"code":2944,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2946,2947,2957,2967,2971,2991],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,2948,2949,2952,2954],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,2950,2951],{"class":52},"guess ",[46,2953,57],{"class":56},[46,2955,2956],{"class":64}," 42\n",[46,2958,2959,2962,2964],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,2960,2961],{"class":52},"target ",[46,2963,57],{"class":56},[46,2965,2966],{"class":64}," 50\n",[46,2968,2969],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,2970,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,2972,2973,2976,2978,2980,2982,2984,2986,2989],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,2974,2975],{"class":52},"difference ",[46,2977,57],{"class":56},[46,2979,2421],{"class":90},[46,2981,94],{"class":60},[46,2983,2951],{"class":102},[46,2985,2208],{"class":56},[46,2987,2988],{"class":102}," target",[46,2990,215],{"class":60},[46,2992,2993,2995,2997,3000],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,2994,91],{"class":90},[46,2996,94],{"class":60},[46,2998,2999],{"class":102},"difference",[46,3001,215],{"class":60},[20,3003,143],{},[37,3005,3006],{"className":39,"code":2567,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,3007,3008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3009,3010],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3011,2567],{"class":64},[20,3013,3014],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[32,3016,1834],{"id":1833},[283,3018,3020],{"id":3019},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,3022,3023],{},"This causes an error:",[37,3025,3027],{"className":39,"code":3026,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,3028,3029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3030,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3032,91],{"class":90},[46,3034,94],{"class":60},[46,3036,2203],{"class":90},[46,3038,94],{"class":60},[46,3040,427],{"class":426},[46,3042,65],{"class":430},[46,3044,427],{"class":426},[46,3046,106],{"class":60},[20,3048,3049,3052,3053,3055],{},[15,3050,3051],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,3054,2169],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,3057,3058,3059,3065,3066,198],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[501,3060,3062],{"href":3061},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,3063,3064],{},"int()"," or ",[501,3067,3069],{"href":3068},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3070,3071],{},"float()",[37,3073,3075],{"className":39,"code":3074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3076,3077,3100],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3078,3079,3081,3083,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093,3095,3097],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3080,91],{"class":90},[46,3082,94],{"class":60},[46,3084,2203],{"class":90},[46,3086,94],{"class":60},[46,3088,1584],{"class":1270},[46,3090,94],{"class":60},[46,3092,427],{"class":426},[46,3094,65],{"class":430},[46,3096,427],{"class":426},[46,3098,3099],{"class":60},")))\n",[46,3101,3102,3104,3106,3108,3110,3112,3114,3116,3119,3121],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3103,91],{"class":90},[46,3105,94],{"class":60},[46,3107,2203],{"class":90},[46,3109,94],{"class":60},[46,3111,2377],{"class":1270},[46,3113,94],{"class":60},[46,3115,427],{"class":426},[46,3117,3118],{"class":430},"-3.2",[46,3120,427],{"class":426},[46,3122,3099],{"class":60},[20,3124,143],{},[37,3126,3128],{"className":39,"code":3127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3129,3130,3134],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3131,3132],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3133,1626],{"class":64},[46,3135,3136],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3137,3138],{"class":64},"3.2\n",[20,3140,3141,3142,3145,3146,507],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3143,3144],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[501,3147,3149],{"href":3148},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[283,3151,3153],{"id":3152},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3155,3156],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[37,3158,3160],{"className":39,"code":3159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3161,3162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3163,3164,3166,3168,3170,3173,3176,3178,3180,3182,3184],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3165,91],{"class":90},[46,3167,94],{"class":60},[46,3169,2203],{"class":90},[46,3171,3172],{"class":60},"([",[46,3174,3175],{"class":64},"1",[46,3177,68],{"class":60},[46,3179,71],{"class":64},[46,3181,68],{"class":60},[46,3183,312],{"class":64},[46,3185,3186],{"class":60},"]))\n",[20,3188,1386,3189,3191],{},[15,3190,1638],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[283,3193,3195],{"id":3194},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3197,3198,3200],{},[15,3199,2169],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[37,3202,3204],{"className":39,"code":3203,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3205,3206,3218,3228,3232],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3207,3208,3211,3213,3215],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3209,3210],{"class":52},"x ",[46,3212,57],{"class":56},[46,3214,2408],{"class":56},[46,3216,3217],{"class":64},"9\n",[46,3219,3220,3222,3224,3226],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3221,2203],{"class":90},[46,3223,94],{"class":60},[46,3225,1589],{"class":102},[46,3227,215],{"class":60},[46,3229,3230],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,3231,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,3233,3234,3236,3238,3240],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,3235,91],{"class":90},[46,3237,94],{"class":60},[46,3239,1589],{"class":102},[46,3241,215],{"class":60},[20,3243,143],{},[37,3245,3247],{"className":39,"code":3246,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-9\n",[15,3248,3249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3250,3251,3253],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3252,2208],{"class":56},[46,3254,3217],{"class":64},[20,3256,3257],{},"If you want to store the result:",[37,3259,3261],{"className":39,"code":3260,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3262,3263,3273,3287,3291],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3264,3265,3267,3269,3271],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3266,3210],{"class":52},[46,3268,57],{"class":56},[46,3270,2408],{"class":56},[46,3272,3217],{"class":64},[46,3274,3275,3277,3279,3281,3283,3285],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3276,3210],{"class":52},[46,3278,57],{"class":56},[46,3280,2421],{"class":90},[46,3282,94],{"class":60},[46,3284,1589],{"class":102},[46,3286,215],{"class":60},[46,3288,3289],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,3290,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,3292,3293,3295,3297,3299],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,3294,91],{"class":90},[46,3296,94],{"class":60},[46,3298,1589],{"class":102},[46,3300,215],{"class":60},[20,3302,143],{},[37,3304,3305],{"className":39,"code":3217,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,3306,3307],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3308,3309],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3310,3217],{"class":64},[283,3312,3314],{"id":3313},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3316,3317,3319],{},[15,3318,2169],{}," does not round numbers.",[37,3321,3323],{"className":39,"code":3322,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3324,3325],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3326,3327,3329,3331,3333,3335,3337,3340],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3328,91],{"class":90},[46,3330,94],{"class":60},[46,3332,2203],{"class":90},[46,3334,94],{"class":60},[46,3336,2208],{"class":56},[46,3338,3339],{"class":64},"4.7",[46,3341,106],{"class":60},[20,3343,143],{},[37,3345,3347],{"className":39,"code":3346,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4.7\n",[15,3348,3349],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3350,3351],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3352,3346],{"class":64},[20,3354,3355,3356,3358,3359,3361],{},"If you expected ",[15,3357,65],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3360,2169],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[32,3363,3365],{"id":3364},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3367,3368,3370],{},[15,3369,2169],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[172,3372,3373,3380,3387],{},[175,3374,3375,3377,3378],{},[15,3376,1584],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3379,1584],{},[175,3381,3382,3384,3385],{},[15,3383,2377],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3386,2377],{},[175,3388,3389,3384,3391],{},[15,3390,2381],{},[15,3392,2377],{},[20,3394,2393],{},[37,3396,3398],{"className":39,"code":3397,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3399,3400,3420,3441],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3401,3402,3404,3406,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3403,91],{"class":90},[46,3405,94],{"class":60},[46,3407,1889],{"class":1270},[46,3409,94],{"class":60},[46,3411,2203],{"class":90},[46,3413,94],{"class":60},[46,3415,2208],{"class":56},[46,3417,65],{"class":64},[46,3419,3099],{"class":60},[46,3421,3422,3424,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436,3439],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3423,91],{"class":90},[46,3425,94],{"class":60},[46,3427,1889],{"class":1270},[46,3429,94],{"class":60},[46,3431,2203],{"class":90},[46,3433,94],{"class":60},[46,3435,2208],{"class":56},[46,3437,3438],{"class":64},"3.2",[46,3440,3099],{"class":60},[46,3442,3443,3445,3447,3449,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,3444,91],{"class":90},[46,3446,94],{"class":60},[46,3448,1889],{"class":1270},[46,3450,94],{"class":60},[46,3452,2203],{"class":90},[46,3454,94],{"class":60},[46,3456,2249],{"class":64},[46,3458,2640],{"class":56},[46,3460,2643],{"class":64},[46,3462,2252],{"class":1140},[46,3464,3099],{"class":60},[20,3466,143],{},[37,3468,3470],{"className":39,"code":3469,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3471,3472,3489,3503],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3473,3474,3477,3480,3482,3484,3486],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3475,3476],{"class":56},"\u003C",[46,3478,3479],{"class":1140},"class",[46,3481,1197],{"class":426},[46,3483,1584],{"class":430},[46,3485,1188],{"class":426},[46,3487,3488],{"class":56},">\n",[46,3490,3491,3493,3495,3497,3499,3501],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3492,3476],{"class":56},[46,3494,3479],{"class":1140},[46,3496,1197],{"class":426},[46,3498,2377],{"class":430},[46,3500,1188],{"class":426},[46,3502,3488],{"class":56},[46,3504,3505,3507,3509,3511,3513,3515],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,3506,3476],{"class":56},[46,3508,3479],{"class":1140},[46,3510,1197],{"class":426},[46,3512,2377],{"class":430},[46,3514,1188],{"class":426},[46,3516,3488],{"class":56},[20,3518,3519],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3521,3522],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3524,3525],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[37,3527,3529],{"className":39,"code":3528,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3530,3531,3545,3555,3569,3573,3587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3532,3533,3535,3537,3539,3542],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3534,2633],{"class":52},[46,3536,57],{"class":56},[46,3538,438],{"class":426},[46,3540,3541],{"class":430},"-5",[46,3543,3544],{"class":426},"\"\n",[46,3546,3547,3549,3551,3553],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3548,91],{"class":90},[46,3550,94],{"class":60},[46,3552,2659],{"class":102},[46,3554,215],{"class":60},[46,3556,3557,3559,3561,3563,3565,3567],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,3558,91],{"class":90},[46,3560,94],{"class":60},[46,3562,1889],{"class":1270},[46,3564,94],{"class":60},[46,3566,2659],{"class":102},[46,3568,106],{"class":60},[46,3570,3571],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,3572,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,3574,3575,3578,3580,3582,3585],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,3576,3577],{"class":52},"user_input ",[46,3579,57],{"class":56},[46,3581,438],{"class":426},[46,3583,3584],{"class":430},"-3.7",[46,3586,3544],{"class":426},[46,3588,3589,3591,3593,3595,3597,3599,3601,3604],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,3590,91],{"class":90},[46,3592,94],{"class":60},[46,3594,2203],{"class":90},[46,3596,94],{"class":60},[46,3598,2377],{"class":1270},[46,3600,94],{"class":60},[46,3602,3603],{"class":102},"user_input",[46,3605,3099],{"class":60},[20,3607,143],{},[37,3609,3611],{"className":39,"code":3610,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3612,3613,3619,3633],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3614,3615,3617],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3616,2208],{"class":56},[46,3618,1626],{"class":64},[46,3620,3621,3623,3625,3627,3629,3631],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3622,3476],{"class":56},[46,3624,3479],{"class":1140},[46,3626,1197],{"class":426},[46,3628,1769],{"class":430},[46,3630,1188],{"class":426},[46,3632,3488],{"class":56},[46,3634,3635],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,3636,3637],{"class":64},"3.7\n",[32,3639,1991],{"id":1990},[283,3641,3643],{"id":3642},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3645,3646],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[283,3648,3650],{"id":3649},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3652,3653],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[283,3655,3657],{"id":3656},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3659,3660],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[283,3662,3664],{"id":3663},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3666,3667,3669,3670,3065,3672,3674,3675,507],{},[15,3668,3144],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3671,3064],{},[15,3673,3071],{}," before using ",[15,3676,2169],{},[283,3678,3680],{"id":3679},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3682,3683],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[32,3685,2065],{"id":2064},[172,3687,3688,3694,3700,3706,3711],{},[175,3689,3690],{},[501,3691,3692,506],{"href":3061},[15,3693,3064],{},[175,3695,3696],{},[501,3697,3698,506],{"href":3068},[15,3699,3071],{},[175,3701,3702],{},[501,3703,3704,506],{"href":2486},[15,3705,2489],{},[175,3707,3708],{},[501,3709,3710],{"href":3148},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[175,3712,3713],{},[501,3714,2606],{"href":2605},[2103,3716,3717],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":3719},[3720,3721,3722,3723,3724,3725,3731,3737,3738,3745],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":2284,"depth":87,"text":2285},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":2494,"depth":87,"text":2495},{"id":2609,"depth":87,"text":2610},{"id":2714,"depth":87,"text":2715,"children":3726},[3727,3728,3729,3730],{"id":2723,"depth":109,"text":2724},{"id":2824,"depth":109,"text":2825},{"id":2873,"depth":109,"text":2874},{"id":2940,"depth":109,"text":2941},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":3732},[3733,3734,3735,3736],{"id":3019,"depth":109,"text":3020},{"id":3152,"depth":109,"text":3153},{"id":3194,"depth":109,"text":3195},{"id":3313,"depth":109,"text":3314},{"id":3364,"depth":87,"text":3365},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":3739},[3740,3741,3742,3743,3744],{"id":3642,"depth":109,"text":3643},{"id":3649,"depth":109,"text":3650},{"id":3656,"depth":109,"text":3657},{"id":3663,"depth":109,"text":3664},{"id":3679,"depth":109,"text":3680},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2159,"description":3746},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3753,"title":3754,"body":3755,"description":5442,"extension":2150,"meta":5443,"navigation":112,"path":5444,"seo":5445,"stem":5446,"__hash__":5447},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3756,"toc":5406},[3757,3763,3769,3772,3789,3793,3847,3857,3862,3866,3885,3888,3904,3907,3911,3919,3937,3940,3979,3982,3989,3995,4067,4069,4100,4106,4110,4114,4153,4155,4164,4171,4175,4214,4216,4225,4235,4239,4290,4292,4300,4303,4306,4353,4355,4363,4369,4376,4381,4384,4387,4454,4456,4464,4467,4534,4536,4544,4558,4561,4572,4576,4582,4585,4587,4603,4605,4613,4616,4619,4622,4639,4642,4645,4675,4677,4690,4694,4698,4701,4716,4721,4724,4751,4758,4761,4800,4807,4813,4821,4824,4876,4882,4947,4952,4961,4964,4982,4988,4991,5133,5138,5143,5146,5157,5160,5216,5218,5226,5229,5287,5289,5297,5300,5311,5313,5318,5327,5336,5339,5345,5348,5356,5369,5371,5403],[10,3758,13,3760,18],{"id":3759},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3761,3762],{},"all()",[20,3764,3765,3766,3768],{},"Python’s ",[15,3767,3762],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3770,3771],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[172,3773,3774,3777,3780],{},[175,3775,3776],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[175,3778,3779],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[175,3781,3782,2583,3785,3788],{},[15,3783,3784],{},"all([])",[15,3786,3787],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[32,3790,3792],{"id":3791},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[37,3794,3796],{"className":39,"code":3795,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3797,3798,3818,3833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3799,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812,3814,3816],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3801,53],{"class":52},[46,3803,57],{"class":56},[46,3805,61],{"class":60},[46,3807,3175],{"class":64},[46,3809,68],{"class":60},[46,3811,71],{"class":64},[46,3813,68],{"class":60},[46,3815,312],{"class":64},[46,3817,84],{"class":60},[46,3819,3820,3822,3824,3827,3829,3831],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,3821,2416],{"class":52},[46,3823,57],{"class":56},[46,3825,3826],{"class":90}," all",[46,3828,94],{"class":60},[46,3830,103],{"class":102},[46,3832,215],{"class":60},[46,3834,3835,3837,3839,3841,3843],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,3836,91],{"class":90},[46,3838,94],{"class":60},[46,3840,2451],{"class":102},[46,3842,1592],{"class":60},[46,3844,3846],{"class":3845},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3848,3849,2583,3851,3853,3854,507],{},[15,3850,3762],{},[15,3852,3787],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3855,3856],{},"False",[32,3858,167,3860,170],{"id":3859},"what-all-does",[15,3861,3762],{},[20,3863,3864,198],{},[15,3865,3762],{},[172,3867,3868,3871,3877,3882],{},[175,3869,3870],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[175,3872,3873,3874,3876],{},"returns ",[15,3875,3787],{}," if all items are truthy",[175,3878,3873,3879,3881],{},[15,3880,3856],{}," if any item is falsy",[175,3883,3884],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3886,3887],{},"Basic syntax:",[37,3889,3891],{"className":39,"code":3890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3892,3893],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,3894,3895,3898,3900,3902],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,3896,3897],{"class":90},"all",[46,3899,94],{"class":60},[46,3901,212],{"class":102},[46,3903,215],{"class":60},[20,3905,3906],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[32,3908,3910],{"id":3909},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3912,3913,3914,3065,3916,3918],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3915,3787],{},[15,3917,3856],{}," in conditions.",[172,3920,3921,3930],{},[175,3922,3923,3927,3928],{},[3924,3925,3926],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3929,3787],{},[175,3931,3932,3927,3935],{},[3924,3933,3934],{},"Falsy",[15,3936,3856],{},[20,3938,3939],{},"Common falsy values include:",[172,3941,3942,3946,3951,3956,3960,3964,3969,3974],{},[175,3943,3944],{},[15,3945,554],{},[175,3947,3948],{},[15,3949,3950],{},"0.0",[175,3952,3953],{},[15,3954,3955],{},"''",[175,3957,3958],{},[15,3959,1326],{},[175,3961,3962],{},[15,3963,3856],{},[175,3965,3966],{},[15,3967,3968],{},"[]",[175,3970,3971],{},[15,3972,3973],{},"{}",[175,3975,3976],{},[15,3977,3978],{},"set()",[20,3980,3981],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3983,3984,3985,507],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[501,3986,3988],{"href":3987},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3990,3991,3992,198],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3993,3994],{},"bool()",[37,3996,3998],{"className":39,"code":3997,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3999,4000,4037,4041],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4001,4002,4005,4007,4009,4011,4013,4016,4018,4021,4023,4025,4028,4030,4032,4035],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4003,4004],{"class":52},"values ",[46,4006,57],{"class":56},[46,4008,61],{"class":60},[46,4010,3175],{"class":64},[46,4012,68],{"class":60},[46,4014,4015],{"class":64}," 0",[46,4017,68],{"class":60},[46,4019,4020],{"class":426}," ''",[46,4022,68],{"class":60},[46,4024,1197],{"class":426},[46,4026,4027],{"class":430},"hello",[46,4029,1188],{"class":426},[46,4031,68],{"class":60},[46,4033,4034],{"class":1325}," None",[46,4036,84],{"class":60},[46,4038,4039],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4040,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,4042,4043,4045,4047,4050,4052,4054,4056,4058,4060,4062,4065],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,4044,91],{"class":90},[46,4046,3172],{"class":60},[46,4048,4049],{"class":1270},"bool",[46,4051,94],{"class":60},[46,4053,1589],{"class":102},[46,4055,1592],{"class":60},[46,4057,1596],{"class":1595},[46,4059,1599],{"class":102},[46,4061,1602],{"class":1595},[46,4063,4064],{"class":102}," values",[46,4066,1161],{"class":60},[20,4068,143],{},[37,4070,4072],{"className":39,"code":4071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4073,4074],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4075,4076,4078,4080,4082,4085,4087,4089,4091,4094,4096,4098],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4077,1152],{"class":60},[46,4079,3787],{"class":1325},[46,4081,68],{"class":60},[46,4083,4084],{"class":1325}," False",[46,4086,68],{"class":60},[46,4088,4084],{"class":1325},[46,4090,68],{"class":60},[46,4092,4093],{"class":1325}," True",[46,4095,68],{"class":60},[46,4097,4084],{"class":1325},[46,4099,84],{"class":60},[20,4101,4102,4103,4105],{},"This matters because ",[15,4104,3762],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[32,4107,4109],{"id":4108},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[283,4111,4113],{"id":4112},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[37,4115,4117],{"className":39,"code":4116,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4118,4119,4139],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4120,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4131,4133,4135,4137],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4122,53],{"class":52},[46,4124,57],{"class":56},[46,4126,61],{"class":60},[46,4128,3175],{"class":64},[46,4130,68],{"class":60},[46,4132,71],{"class":64},[46,4134,68],{"class":60},[46,4136,312],{"class":64},[46,4138,84],{"class":60},[46,4140,4141,4143,4145,4147,4149,4151],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4142,91],{"class":90},[46,4144,94],{"class":60},[46,4146,3897],{"class":90},[46,4148,94],{"class":60},[46,4150,103],{"class":102},[46,4152,106],{"class":60},[20,4154,143],{},[37,4156,4158],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\n",[15,4159,4160],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4161,4162],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4163,4157],{"class":1325},[20,4165,4166,4167,2583,4169,507],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4168,3762],{},[15,4170,3787],{},[283,4172,4174],{"id":4173},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[37,4176,4178],{"className":39,"code":4177,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4179,4180,4200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4181,4182,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4183,53],{"class":52},[46,4185,57],{"class":56},[46,4187,61],{"class":60},[46,4189,3175],{"class":64},[46,4191,68],{"class":60},[46,4193,4015],{"class":64},[46,4195,68],{"class":60},[46,4197,312],{"class":64},[46,4199,84],{"class":60},[46,4201,4202,4204,4206,4208,4210,4212],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4203,91],{"class":90},[46,4205,94],{"class":60},[46,4207,3897],{"class":90},[46,4209,94],{"class":60},[46,4211,103],{"class":102},[46,4213,106],{"class":60},[20,4215,143],{},[37,4217,4219],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\n",[15,4220,4221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4222,4223],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4224,4218],{"class":1325},[20,4226,4227,4228,4230,4231,2583,4233,507],{},"The value ",[15,4229,554],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4232,3762],{},[15,4234,3856],{},[283,4236,4238],{"id":4237},"example-strings","Example: strings",[37,4240,4242],{"className":39,"code":4241,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4243,4244,4276],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4245,4246,4248,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264,4266,4268,4270,4272,4274],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4247,419],{"class":52},[46,4249,57],{"class":56},[46,4251,61],{"class":60},[46,4253,1188],{"class":426},[46,4255,756],{"class":430},[46,4257,1188],{"class":426},[46,4259,68],{"class":60},[46,4261,1197],{"class":426},[46,4263,450],{"class":430},[46,4265,1188],{"class":426},[46,4267,68],{"class":60},[46,4269,1197],{"class":426},[46,4271,765],{"class":430},[46,4273,1188],{"class":426},[46,4275,84],{"class":60},[46,4277,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4279,91],{"class":90},[46,4281,94],{"class":60},[46,4283,3897],{"class":90},[46,4285,94],{"class":60},[46,4287,467],{"class":102},[46,4289,106],{"class":60},[20,4291,143],{},[37,4293,4294],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,4295,4296],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4297,4298],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4299,4157],{"class":1325},[20,4301,4302],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4304,4305],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[37,4307,4309],{"className":39,"code":4308,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4310,4311,4339],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4312,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4314,419],{"class":52},[46,4316,57],{"class":56},[46,4318,61],{"class":60},[46,4320,1188],{"class":426},[46,4322,756],{"class":430},[46,4324,1188],{"class":426},[46,4326,68],{"class":60},[46,4328,4020],{"class":426},[46,4330,68],{"class":60},[46,4332,1197],{"class":426},[46,4334,765],{"class":430},[46,4336,1188],{"class":426},[46,4338,84],{"class":60},[46,4340,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4342,91],{"class":90},[46,4344,94],{"class":60},[46,4346,3897],{"class":90},[46,4348,94],{"class":60},[46,4350,467],{"class":102},[46,4352,106],{"class":60},[20,4354,143],{},[37,4356,4357],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,4358,4359],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4360,4361],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4362,4218],{"class":1325},[20,4364,4365,4366,4368],{},"The empty string ",[15,4367,3955],{}," is falsy.",[32,4370,4372,4373,4375],{"id":4371},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4374,3762],{}," works with conditions",[20,4377,4378,4380],{},[15,4379,3762],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4382,4383],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4385,4386],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[37,4388,4390],{"className":39,"code":4389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4391,4392,4412,4440,4444],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4393,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4395,53],{"class":52},[46,4397,57],{"class":56},[46,4399,61],{"class":60},[46,4401,3175],{"class":64},[46,4403,68],{"class":60},[46,4405,71],{"class":64},[46,4407,68],{"class":60},[46,4409,312],{"class":64},[46,4411,84],{"class":60},[46,4413,4414,4416,4418,4420,4422,4424,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435,4438],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4415,2416],{"class":52},[46,4417,57],{"class":56},[46,4419,3826],{"class":90},[46,4421,94],{"class":60},[46,4423,3210],{"class":102},[46,4425,4426],{"class":56},">",[46,4428,4015],{"class":64},[46,4430,1596],{"class":1595},[46,4432,1599],{"class":102},[46,4434,1602],{"class":1595},[46,4436,4437],{"class":102}," numbers",[46,4439,215],{"class":60},[46,4441,4442],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,4443,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,4445,4446,4448,4450,4452],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,4447,91],{"class":90},[46,4449,94],{"class":60},[46,4451,2451],{"class":102},[46,4453,215],{"class":60},[20,4455,143],{},[37,4457,4458],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,4459,4460],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4461,4462],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4463,4157],{"class":1325},[20,4465,4466],{},"Here is one that fails:",[37,4468,4470],{"className":39,"code":4469,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4471,4472,4494,4520,4524],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4473,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486,4488,4490,4492],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4475,53],{"class":52},[46,4477,57],{"class":56},[46,4479,61],{"class":60},[46,4481,3175],{"class":64},[46,4483,68],{"class":60},[46,4485,2408],{"class":56},[46,4487,2243],{"class":64},[46,4489,68],{"class":60},[46,4491,312],{"class":64},[46,4493,84],{"class":60},[46,4495,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4497,2416],{"class":52},[46,4499,57],{"class":56},[46,4501,3826],{"class":90},[46,4503,94],{"class":60},[46,4505,3210],{"class":102},[46,4507,4426],{"class":56},[46,4509,4015],{"class":64},[46,4511,1596],{"class":1595},[46,4513,1599],{"class":102},[46,4515,1602],{"class":1595},[46,4517,4437],{"class":102},[46,4519,215],{"class":60},[46,4521,4522],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,4523,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,4525,4526,4528,4530,4532],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,4527,91],{"class":90},[46,4529,94],{"class":60},[46,4531,2451],{"class":102},[46,4533,215],{"class":60},[20,4535,143],{},[37,4537,4538],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,4539,4540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4541,4542],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4543,4218],{"class":1325},[20,4545,4546,4547,4550,4551,4553,4554,2583,4556,507],{},"The expression ",[15,4548,4549],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4552,3787],{},", then ",[15,4555,3762],{},[15,4557,3787],{},[20,4559,4560],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4562,4563,4564,2051,4568,507],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[501,4565,4567],{"href":4566},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[501,4569,4571],{"href":4570},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[32,4573,4575],{"id":4574},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4577,4578,2583,4580,507],{},[15,4579,3784],{},[15,4581,3787],{},[20,4583,4584],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4586,2393],{},[37,4588,4590],{"className":39,"code":4589,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4591,4592],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4593,4594,4596,4598,4600],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4595,91],{"class":90},[46,4597,94],{"class":60},[46,4599,3897],{"class":90},[46,4601,4602],{"class":60},"([]))\n",[20,4604,143],{},[37,4606,4607],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,4608,4609],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4610,4611],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4612,4157],{"class":1325},[20,4614,4615],{},"Why?",[20,4617,4618],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4620,4621],{},"Think of it this way:",[172,4623,4624,4631,4634],{},[175,4625,4626,2583,4628,4630],{},[15,4627,3762],{},[15,4629,3856],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[175,4632,4633],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[175,4635,4636,4637],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4638,3856],{},[20,4640,4641],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4643,4644],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[37,4646,4648],{"className":39,"code":4647,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4649,4650,4661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4651,4652,4654,4656,4658],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4653,91],{"class":90},[46,4655,94],{"class":60},[46,4657,3897],{"class":90},[46,4659,4660],{"class":60},"(()))\n",[46,4662,4663,4665,4667,4669,4671,4673],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4664,91],{"class":90},[46,4666,94],{"class":60},[46,4668,3897],{"class":90},[46,4670,94],{"class":60},[46,4672,3955],{"class":426},[46,4674,106],{"class":60},[20,4676,143],{},[37,4678,4680],{"className":39,"code":4679,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4681,4682,4686],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4683,4684],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4685,4157],{"class":1325},[46,4687,4688],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4689,4157],{"class":1325},[32,4691,4693],{"id":4692},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[283,4695,4697],{"id":4696},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4699,4700],{},"This is wrong:",[37,4702,4704],{"className":39,"code":4703,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4705,4706,4711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4707,4708],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4709,4710],{"class":3845},"# Wrong\n",[46,4712,4713],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4714,4715],{"class":3845},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4717,4718,4720],{},[15,4719,3762],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4722,4723],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[37,4725,4727],{"className":39,"code":4726,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4728,4729],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4730,4731,4733,4735,4737,4739,4741,4743,4745,4747,4749],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4732,91],{"class":90},[46,4734,94],{"class":60},[46,4736,3897],{"class":90},[46,4738,3172],{"class":60},[46,4740,3175],{"class":64},[46,4742,68],{"class":60},[46,4744,71],{"class":64},[46,4746,68],{"class":60},[46,4748,312],{"class":64},[46,4750,3186],{"class":60},[283,4752,4754,4755,4757],{"id":4753},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4756,3762],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4759,4760],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[37,4762,4764],{"className":39,"code":4763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4765,4766,4786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4767,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4784],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4769,53],{"class":52},[46,4771,57],{"class":56},[46,4773,61],{"class":60},[46,4775,65],{"class":64},[46,4777,68],{"class":60},[46,4779,1508],{"class":64},[46,4781,68],{"class":60},[46,4783,1508],{"class":64},[46,4785,84],{"class":60},[46,4787,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4789,91],{"class":90},[46,4791,94],{"class":60},[46,4793,3897],{"class":90},[46,4795,94],{"class":60},[46,4797,103],{"class":102},[46,4799,106],{"class":60},[20,4801,4802,4803,4806],{},"This does ",[3924,4804,4805],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4808,4809,4810,4812],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4811,65],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[37,4814,4815],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,4816,4817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4818,4819],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4820,4157],{"class":1325},[20,4822,4823],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[37,4825,4827],{"className":39,"code":4826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4828,4829,4849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4830,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4832,53],{"class":52},[46,4834,57],{"class":56},[46,4836,61],{"class":60},[46,4838,65],{"class":64},[46,4840,68],{"class":60},[46,4842,1508],{"class":64},[46,4844,68],{"class":60},[46,4846,1508],{"class":64},[46,4848,84],{"class":60},[46,4850,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4864,4866,4868,4870,4872,4874],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4852,91],{"class":90},[46,4854,94],{"class":60},[46,4856,3897],{"class":90},[46,4858,94],{"class":60},[46,4860,3210],{"class":102},[46,4862,4863],{"class":56},"==",[46,4865,1508],{"class":64},[46,4867,1596],{"class":1595},[46,4869,1599],{"class":102},[46,4871,1602],{"class":1595},[46,4873,4437],{"class":102},[46,4875,106],{"class":60},[283,4877,1859,4879,4881],{"id":4878},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4880,554],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[37,4883,4885],{"className":39,"code":4884,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4886,4887,4913],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4888,4889,4891,4893,4895,4897,4899,4901,4903,4905,4907,4910],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4890,91],{"class":90},[46,4892,94],{"class":60},[46,4894,3897],{"class":90},[46,4896,3172],{"class":60},[46,4898,3175],{"class":64},[46,4900,68],{"class":60},[46,4902,71],{"class":64},[46,4904,68],{"class":60},[46,4906,4015],{"class":64},[46,4908,4909],{"class":60},"]))",[46,4911,4912],{"class":3845},"       # False\n",[46,4914,4915,4917,4919,4921,4923,4925,4927,4929,4931,4933,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,4916,91],{"class":90},[46,4918,94],{"class":60},[46,4920,3897],{"class":90},[46,4922,3172],{"class":60},[46,4924,1188],{"class":426},[46,4926,501],{"class":430},[46,4928,1188],{"class":426},[46,4930,68],{"class":60},[46,4932,1197],{"class":426},[46,4934,4935],{"class":430},"b",[46,4937,1188],{"class":426},[46,4939,68],{"class":60},[46,4941,4020],{"class":426},[46,4943,4909],{"class":60},[46,4945,4946],{"class":3845},"  # False\n",[20,4948,4949,4950,507],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4951,3856],{},[283,4953,4955,4956,4958,4959],{"id":4954},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4957,3784],{}," is ",[15,4960,3787],{},[20,4962,4963],{},"This is expected behavior:",[37,4965,4967],{"className":39,"code":4966,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4968,4969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4970,4971,4973,4975,4977,4980],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4972,91],{"class":90},[46,4974,94],{"class":60},[46,4976,3897],{"class":90},[46,4978,4979],{"class":60},"([]))",[46,4981,3846],{"class":3845},[20,4983,4984,4985,4987],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4986,3787],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4989,4990],{},"Useful quick tests:",[37,4992,4994],{"className":39,"code":4993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4995,4996,5018,5040,5087,5123],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,4997,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,4999,91],{"class":90},[46,5001,94],{"class":60},[46,5003,3897],{"class":90},[46,5005,3172],{"class":60},[46,5007,3175],{"class":64},[46,5009,68],{"class":60},[46,5011,71],{"class":64},[46,5013,68],{"class":60},[46,5015,312],{"class":64},[46,5017,3186],{"class":60},[46,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5021,91],{"class":90},[46,5023,94],{"class":60},[46,5025,3897],{"class":90},[46,5027,3172],{"class":60},[46,5029,3175],{"class":64},[46,5031,68],{"class":60},[46,5033,4015],{"class":64},[46,5035,68],{"class":60},[46,5037,312],{"class":64},[46,5039,3186],{"class":60},[46,5041,5042,5044,5046,5048,5050,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060,5062,5064,5066,5068,5070,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,5043,91],{"class":90},[46,5045,3172],{"class":60},[46,5047,4049],{"class":1270},[46,5049,94],{"class":60},[46,5051,1589],{"class":102},[46,5053,1592],{"class":60},[46,5055,1596],{"class":1595},[46,5057,1599],{"class":102},[46,5059,1602],{"class":1595},[46,5061,61],{"class":60},[46,5063,3175],{"class":64},[46,5065,68],{"class":60},[46,5067,4015],{"class":64},[46,5069,68],{"class":60},[46,5071,4020],{"class":426},[46,5073,68],{"class":60},[46,5075,1197],{"class":426},[46,5077,4027],{"class":430},[46,5079,1188],{"class":426},[46,5081,68],{"class":60},[46,5083,4034],{"class":1325},[46,5085,5086],{"class":60},"]])\n",[46,5088,5089,5091,5093,5095,5097,5099,5101,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,5090,91],{"class":90},[46,5092,94],{"class":60},[46,5094,3897],{"class":90},[46,5096,94],{"class":60},[46,5098,3210],{"class":102},[46,5100,4426],{"class":56},[46,5102,4015],{"class":64},[46,5104,1596],{"class":1595},[46,5106,1599],{"class":102},[46,5108,1602],{"class":1595},[46,5110,61],{"class":60},[46,5112,3175],{"class":64},[46,5114,68],{"class":60},[46,5116,71],{"class":64},[46,5118,68],{"class":60},[46,5120,312],{"class":64},[46,5122,3186],{"class":60},[46,5124,5125,5127,5129,5131],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,5126,91],{"class":90},[46,5128,94],{"class":60},[46,5130,3897],{"class":90},[46,5132,4602],{"class":60},[32,5134,1794,5136],{"id":5135},"when-to-use-all",[15,5137,3762],{},[20,5139,5140,5142],{},[15,5141,3762],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5144,5145],{},"Common use cases:",[172,5147,5148,5151,5154],{},[175,5149,5150],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[175,5152,5153],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[175,5155,5156],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5158,5159],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[37,5161,5163],{"className":39,"code":5162,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5164,5165,5201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5166,5167,5170,5172,5174,5176,5179,5181,5183,5185,5188,5190,5192,5194,5197,5199],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5168,5169],{"class":52},"names ",[46,5171,57],{"class":56},[46,5173,61],{"class":60},[46,5175,1188],{"class":426},[46,5177,5178],{"class":430},"Alice",[46,5180,1188],{"class":426},[46,5182,68],{"class":60},[46,5184,1197],{"class":426},[46,5186,5187],{"class":430},"Bob",[46,5189,1188],{"class":426},[46,5191,68],{"class":60},[46,5193,1197],{"class":426},[46,5195,5196],{"class":430},"Charlie",[46,5198,1188],{"class":426},[46,5200,84],{"class":60},[46,5202,5203,5205,5207,5209,5211,5214],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5204,91],{"class":90},[46,5206,94],{"class":60},[46,5208,3897],{"class":90},[46,5210,94],{"class":60},[46,5212,5213],{"class":102},"names",[46,5215,106],{"class":60},[20,5217,143],{},[37,5219,5220],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,5221,5222],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5223,5224],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5225,4157],{"class":1325},[20,5227,5228],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[37,5230,5232],{"className":39,"code":5231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5233,5234,5257],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5235,5236,5238,5240,5242,5245,5247,5250,5252,5255],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5237,596],{"class":52},[46,5239,57],{"class":56},[46,5241,61],{"class":60},[46,5243,5244],{"class":64},"75",[46,5246,68],{"class":60},[46,5248,5249],{"class":64}," 80",[46,5251,68],{"class":60},[46,5253,5254],{"class":64}," 50",[46,5256,84],{"class":60},[46,5258,5259,5261,5263,5265,5267,5270,5273,5275,5277,5280,5282,5285],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5260,91],{"class":90},[46,5262,94],{"class":60},[46,5264,3897],{"class":90},[46,5266,94],{"class":60},[46,5268,5269],{"class":102},"score ",[46,5271,5272],{"class":56},">=",[46,5274,5254],{"class":64},[46,5276,1596],{"class":1595},[46,5278,5279],{"class":102}," score ",[46,5281,1602],{"class":1595},[46,5283,5284],{"class":102}," scores",[46,5286,106],{"class":60},[20,5288,143],{},[37,5290,5291],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,5292,5293],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5294,5295],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5296,4157],{"class":1325},[20,5298,5299],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5301,5302,5303,2051,5307,507],{},"For related tasks, see ",[501,5304,5306],{"href":5305},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[501,5308,5310],{"href":5309},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[32,5312,1991],{"id":1990},[283,5314,1995,5316,1998],{"id":5315},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5317,3762],{},[20,5319,5320,5321,5323,5324,5326],{},"It returns ",[15,5322,3787],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5325,3856],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[283,5328,5330,5331,5333,5334,2035],{"id":5329},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5332,3784],{}," return ",[15,5335,3787],{},[20,5337,5338],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[283,5340,2005,5342,5344],{"id":5341},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5343,3762],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5346,5347],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[283,5349,2048,5351,2051,5353,2035],{"id":5350},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5352,3762],{},[15,5354,5355],{},"any()",[20,5357,5358,5360,5361,5363,5364,507],{},[15,5359,3762],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5362,5355],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[501,5365,13,5367,506],{"href":5366},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5368,5355],{},[32,5370,2065],{"id":2064},[172,5372,5373,5379,5383,5388,5393,5398],{},[175,5374,5375],{},[501,5376,13,5377,506],{"href":5366},[15,5378,5355],{},[175,5380,5381],{},[501,5382,3988],{"href":3987},[175,5384,5385],{},[501,5386,5387],{"href":5309},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[175,5389,5390],{},[501,5391,5392],{"href":5305},"How to filter a list in Python",[175,5394,5395],{},[501,5396,5397],{"href":4566},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[175,5399,5400],{},[501,5401,5402],{"href":4570},"What is an iterable in Python",[2103,5404,5405],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":5407},[5408,5409,5411,5412,5417,5419,5420,5429,5431,5441],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":3859,"depth":87,"text":5410},"What all() does",{"id":3909,"depth":87,"text":3910},{"id":4108,"depth":87,"text":4109,"children":5413},[5414,5415,5416],{"id":4112,"depth":109,"text":4113},{"id":4173,"depth":109,"text":4174},{"id":4237,"depth":109,"text":4238},{"id":4371,"depth":87,"text":5418},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4574,"depth":87,"text":4575},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":5421},[5422,5423,5425,5427],{"id":4696,"depth":109,"text":4697},{"id":4753,"depth":109,"text":5424},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4878,"depth":109,"text":5426},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4954,"depth":109,"text":5428},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5135,"depth":87,"text":5430},"When to use all()",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":5432},[5433,5435,5437,5439],{"id":5315,"depth":109,"text":5434},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5329,"depth":109,"text":5436},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5341,"depth":109,"text":5438},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5350,"depth":109,"text":5440},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3754,"description":5442},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5449,"title":5450,"body":5451,"description":7140,"extension":2150,"meta":7141,"navigation":112,"path":5366,"seo":7142,"stem":7143,"__hash__":7144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5452,"toc":7118},[5453,5456,5464,5467,5484,5492,5536,5545,5549,5554,5557,5574,5577,5588,5600,5604,5607,5622,5627,5630,5642,5645,5729,5732,5753,5759,5761,5769,5783,5785,5819,5821,5824,5885,5887,5904,5907,5934,5936,5944,5955,5959,5962,6001,6003,6011,6013,6029,6037,6040,6083,6085,6093,6098,6102,6110,6113,6140,6143,6146,6220,6222,6230,6237,6261,6272,6275,6354,6356,6364,6371,6375,6380,6395,6397,6405,6408,6414,6417,6463,6465,6482,6486,6491,6502,6505,6618,6621,6680,6686,6688,6693,6697,6699,6718,6724,6727,6746,6750,6759,6786,6788,6796,6804,6808,6814,6837,6839,6847,6854,6858,6861,6912,6915,6966,6969,6971,6975,6982,6986,6993,6997,7005,7009,7012,7034,7036,7086,7088,7115],[10,5454,5450],{"id":5455},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5457,5458,5460,5461,507],{},[15,5459,5355],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3924,5462,5463],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5465,5466],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[172,5468,5469,5472,5475,5478,5481],{},[175,5470,5471],{},"lists",[175,5473,5474],{},"tuples",[175,5476,5477],{},"sets",[175,5479,5480],{},"strings",[175,5482,5483],{},"generator expressions",[20,5485,5486,5487,3065,5489,5491],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5488,3787],{},[15,5490,3856],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[37,5493,5495],{"className":39,"code":5494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5496,5497,5517],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5498,5499,5501,5503,5505,5507,5509,5511,5513,5515],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5500,4004],{"class":52},[46,5502,57],{"class":56},[46,5504,61],{"class":60},[46,5506,554],{"class":64},[46,5508,68],{"class":60},[46,5510,4020],{"class":426},[46,5512,68],{"class":60},[46,5514,1508],{"class":64},[46,5516,84],{"class":60},[46,5518,5519,5521,5523,5526,5528,5531,5534],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5520,91],{"class":90},[46,5522,94],{"class":60},[46,5524,5525],{"class":90},"any",[46,5527,94],{"class":60},[46,5529,5530],{"class":102},"values",[46,5532,5533],{"class":60},"))",[46,5535,3846],{"class":3845},[20,5537,160,5538,5541,5542,5544],{},[15,5539,5540],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5543,3787],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[32,5546,5548],{"id":5547},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5550,5551,5553],{},[15,5552,5355],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5555,5556],{},"It returns:",[172,5558,5559,5564,5569],{},[175,5560,5561,5563],{},[15,5562,3787],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[175,5565,5566,5568],{},[15,5567,3856],{}," if all items are falsy",[175,5570,5571,5573],{},[15,5572,3856],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5575,5576],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[172,5578,5579,5582,5585],{},[175,5580,5581],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[175,5583,5584],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[175,5586,5587],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5589,5590,5591,5594,5595,507],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3924,5592,5593],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[501,5596,5598],{"href":5597},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5599,3762],{},[32,5601,5603],{"id":5602},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5605,5606],{},"The syntax is simple:",[37,5608,5610],{"className":39,"code":5609,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5611,5612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5613,5614,5616,5618,5620],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5615,5525],{"class":90},[46,5617,94],{"class":60},[46,5619,212],{"class":102},[46,5621,215],{"class":60},[20,5623,5624,5625,507],{},"The argument must be an ",[3924,5626,212],{},[20,5628,5629],{},"Common inputs include:",[172,5631,5632,5634,5636,5638,5640],{},[175,5633,5471],{},[175,5635,5474],{},[175,5637,5477],{},[175,5639,5480],{},[175,5641,5483],{},[20,5643,5644],{},"For example:",[37,5646,5648],{"className":39,"code":5647,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5649,5650,5672,5691,5711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5651,5652,5654,5656,5658,5660,5662,5664,5666,5668,5670],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5653,91],{"class":90},[46,5655,94],{"class":60},[46,5657,5525],{"class":90},[46,5659,3172],{"class":60},[46,5661,554],{"class":64},[46,5663,68],{"class":60},[46,5665,4015],{"class":64},[46,5667,68],{"class":60},[46,5669,81],{"class":64},[46,5671,3186],{"class":60},[46,5673,5674,5676,5678,5680,5683,5685,5687,5689],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5675,91],{"class":90},[46,5677,94],{"class":60},[46,5679,5525],{"class":90},[46,5681,5682],{"class":60},"((",[46,5684,3856],{"class":1325},[46,5686,68],{"class":60},[46,5688,4084],{"class":1325},[46,5690,3099],{"class":60},[46,5692,5693,5695,5697,5699,5702,5704,5706,5708],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,5694,91],{"class":90},[46,5696,94],{"class":60},[46,5698,5525],{"class":90},[46,5700,5701],{"class":60},"({",[46,5703,554],{"class":64},[46,5705,68],{"class":60},[46,5707,71],{"class":64},[46,5709,5710],{"class":60},"}))\n",[46,5712,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721,5723,5725,5727],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,5714,91],{"class":90},[46,5716,94],{"class":60},[46,5718,5525],{"class":90},[46,5720,94],{"class":60},[46,5722,427],{"class":426},[46,5724,4027],{"class":430},[46,5726,427],{"class":426},[46,5728,106],{"class":60},[20,5730,5731],{},"Expected output:",[37,5733,5735],{"className":39,"code":5734,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5736,5737,5741,5745,5749],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5738,5739],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5740,4157],{"class":1325},[46,5742,5743],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5744,4218],{"class":1325},[46,5746,5747],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,5748,4157],{"class":1325},[46,5750,5751],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,5752,4157],{"class":1325},[20,5754,5755,5756,507],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[501,5757,5310],{"href":5758},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[32,5760,3910],{"id":3909},[20,5762,3913,5763,3065,5766,3918],{},[3924,5764,5765],{},"truthy",[3924,5767,5768],{},"falsy",[172,5770,5771,5777],{},[175,5772,5773,3927,5775],{},[3924,5774,3926],{},[15,5776,3787],{},[175,5778,5779,3927,5781],{},[3924,5780,3934],{},[15,5782,3856],{},[20,5784,3939],{},[172,5786,5787,5791,5795,5799,5803,5807,5811,5815],{},[175,5788,5789],{},[15,5790,3856],{},[175,5792,5793],{},[15,5794,554],{},[175,5796,5797],{},[15,5798,3950],{},[175,5800,5801],{},[15,5802,3955],{},[175,5804,5805],{},[15,5806,3968],{},[175,5808,5809],{},[15,5810,3973],{},[175,5812,5813],{},[15,5814,3978],{},[175,5816,5817],{},[15,5818,1326],{},[20,5820,3981],{},[20,5822,5823],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[37,5825,5827],{"className":39,"code":5826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5828,5829,5843,5861],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5830,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839,5841],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5832,91],{"class":90},[46,5834,94],{"class":60},[46,5836,5525],{"class":90},[46,5838,3172],{"class":60},[46,5840,3175],{"class":64},[46,5842,3186],{"class":60},[46,5844,5845,5847,5849,5851,5853,5855,5857,5859],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5846,91],{"class":90},[46,5848,94],{"class":60},[46,5850,5525],{"class":90},[46,5852,3172],{"class":60},[46,5854,1188],{"class":426},[46,5856,4027],{"class":430},[46,5858,1188],{"class":426},[46,5860,3186],{"class":60},[46,5862,5863,5865,5867,5869,5872,5874,5876,5878,5880,5882],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,5864,91],{"class":90},[46,5866,94],{"class":60},[46,5868,5525],{"class":90},[46,5870,5871],{"class":60},"([[",[46,5873,3175],{"class":64},[46,5875,68],{"class":60},[46,5877,71],{"class":64},[46,5879,68],{"class":60},[46,5881,312],{"class":64},[46,5883,5884],{"class":60},"]]))\n",[20,5886,5731],{},[37,5888,5890],{"className":39,"code":5889,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5891,5892,5896,5900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5893,5894],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5895,4157],{"class":1325},[46,5897,5898],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5899,4157],{"class":1325},[46,5901,5902],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,5903,4157],{"class":1325},[20,5905,5906],{},"And these are all falsy:",[37,5908,5910],{"className":39,"code":5909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5911,5912],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5913,5914,5916,5918,5920,5922,5924,5926,5928,5930,5932],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5915,91],{"class":90},[46,5917,94],{"class":60},[46,5919,5525],{"class":90},[46,5921,3172],{"class":60},[46,5923,554],{"class":64},[46,5925,68],{"class":60},[46,5927,4020],{"class":426},[46,5929,68],{"class":60},[46,5931,4034],{"class":1325},[46,5933,3186],{"class":60},[20,5935,5731],{},[37,5937,5938],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,5939,5940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5941,5942],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5943,4218],{"class":1325},[20,5945,5946,5947,2051,5950,507],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[501,5948,3988],{"href":5949},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[501,5951,5953,873],{"href":5952},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5954,3994],{},[32,5956,5958],{"id":5957},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5960,5961],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[37,5963,5965],{"className":39,"code":5964,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5966,5967,5987],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,5968,5969,5971,5973,5975,5977,5979,5981,5983,5985],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,5970,4004],{"class":52},[46,5972,57],{"class":56},[46,5974,61],{"class":60},[46,5976,554],{"class":64},[46,5978,68],{"class":60},[46,5980,4020],{"class":426},[46,5982,68],{"class":60},[46,5984,1508],{"class":64},[46,5986,84],{"class":60},[46,5988,5989,5991,5993,5995,5997,5999],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,5990,91],{"class":90},[46,5992,94],{"class":60},[46,5994,5525],{"class":90},[46,5996,94],{"class":60},[46,5998,5530],{"class":102},[46,6000,106],{"class":60},[20,6002,143],{},[37,6004,6005],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,6006,6007],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6008,6009],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6010,4157],{"class":1325},[20,6012,4615],{},[172,6014,6015,6020,6024],{},[175,6016,6017,6019],{},[15,6018,554],{}," is falsy",[175,6021,6022,6019],{},[15,6023,3955],{},[175,6025,6026,6028],{},[15,6027,65],{}," is truthy",[20,6030,6031,6032,2583,6035,507],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,6033,6034],{},"any(values)",[15,6036,3787],{},[20,6038,6039],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[37,6041,6043],{"className":39,"code":6042,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6044,6045,6069],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6046,6047,6049,6051,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6048,4004],{"class":52},[46,6050,57],{"class":56},[46,6052,61],{"class":60},[46,6054,554],{"class":64},[46,6056,68],{"class":60},[46,6058,4020],{"class":426},[46,6060,68],{"class":60},[46,6062,4034],{"class":1325},[46,6064,68],{"class":60},[46,6066,4084],{"class":1325},[46,6068,84],{"class":60},[46,6070,6071,6073,6075,6077,6079,6081],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6072,91],{"class":90},[46,6074,94],{"class":60},[46,6076,5525],{"class":90},[46,6078,94],{"class":60},[46,6080,5530],{"class":102},[46,6082,106],{"class":60},[20,6084,143],{},[37,6086,6087],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,6088,6089],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6090,6091],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6092,4218],{"class":1325},[20,6094,6095,6096,507],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6097,3856],{},[32,6099,6101],{"id":6100},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6103,6104,6106,6107,507],{},[15,6105,5355],{}," is often used with a ",[3924,6108,6109],{},"generator expression",[20,6111,6112],{},"This is a common pattern:",[37,6114,6116],{"className":39,"code":6115,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6117,6118],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6119,6120,6122,6124,6127,6130,6133,6135,6138],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6121,5525],{"class":90},[46,6123,94],{"class":60},[46,6125,6126],{"class":102},"condition ",[46,6128,6129],{"class":1595},"for",[46,6131,6132],{"class":102}," item ",[46,6134,1602],{"class":1595},[46,6136,6137],{"class":102}," items",[46,6139,215],{"class":60},[20,6141,6142],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6144,6145],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[37,6147,6149],{"className":39,"code":6148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6150,6151,6179,6183,6210],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6152,6153,6155,6157,6159,6161,6163,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6177],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6154,53],{"class":52},[46,6156,57],{"class":56},[46,6158,61],{"class":60},[46,6160,2691],{"class":64},[46,6162,68],{"class":60},[46,6164,6165],{"class":64}," 7",[46,6167,68],{"class":60},[46,6169,2408],{"class":56},[46,6171,2243],{"class":64},[46,6173,68],{"class":60},[46,6175,6176],{"class":64}," 10",[46,6178,84],{"class":60},[46,6180,6181],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6182,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,6184,6185,6187,6189,6192,6194,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,6186,2416],{"class":52},[46,6188,57],{"class":56},[46,6190,6191],{"class":90}," any",[46,6193,94],{"class":60},[46,6195,3210],{"class":102},[46,6197,3476],{"class":56},[46,6199,4015],{"class":64},[46,6201,1596],{"class":1595},[46,6203,1599],{"class":102},[46,6205,1602],{"class":1595},[46,6207,4437],{"class":102},[46,6209,215],{"class":60},[46,6211,6212,6214,6216,6218],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,6213,91],{"class":90},[46,6215,94],{"class":60},[46,6217,2451],{"class":102},[46,6219,215],{"class":60},[20,6221,143],{},[37,6223,6224],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,6225,6226],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6227,6228],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6229,4157],{"class":1325},[20,6231,6232,6233,6236],{},"This works because ",[15,6234,6235],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[172,6238,6239,6247,6254],{},[175,6240,6241,6244,6245],{},[15,6242,6243],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6246,3856],{},[175,6248,6249,6244,6252],{},[15,6250,6251],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6253,3856],{},[175,6255,6256,6244,6259],{},[15,6257,6258],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6260,3787],{},[20,6262,6263,6264,6266,6267,6269,6270,507],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6265,3787],{}," result, ",[15,6268,5355],{}," can return ",[15,6271,3787],{},[20,6273,6274],{},"Here is another example:",[37,6276,6278],{"className":39,"code":6277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6279,6280,6309,6313,6343],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6281,6282,6284,6286,6288,6290,6292,6294,6296,6299,6301,6303,6305,6307],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6283,419],{"class":52},[46,6285,57],{"class":56},[46,6287,61],{"class":60},[46,6289,427],{"class":426},[46,6291,756],{"class":430},[46,6293,427],{"class":426},[46,6295,68],{"class":60},[46,6297,6298],{"class":426}," \"\"",[46,6300,68],{"class":60},[46,6302,438],{"class":426},[46,6304,450],{"class":430},[46,6306,427],{"class":426},[46,6308,84],{"class":60},[46,6310,6311],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6312,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,6314,6315,6318,6320,6322,6324,6327,6329,6331,6333,6336,6338,6341],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,6316,6317],{"class":52},"has_empty_string ",[46,6319,57],{"class":56},[46,6321,6191],{"class":90},[46,6323,94],{"class":60},[46,6325,6326],{"class":102},"word ",[46,6328,4863],{"class":56},[46,6330,6298],{"class":426},[46,6332,1596],{"class":1595},[46,6334,6335],{"class":102}," word ",[46,6337,1602],{"class":1595},[46,6339,6340],{"class":102}," words",[46,6342,215],{"class":60},[46,6344,6345,6347,6349,6352],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,6346,91],{"class":90},[46,6348,94],{"class":60},[46,6350,6351],{"class":102},"has_empty_string",[46,6353,215],{"class":60},[20,6355,143],{},[37,6357,6358],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,6359,6360],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6361,6362],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6363,4157],{"class":1325},[20,6365,6366,6367,507],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[501,6368,6370],{"href":6369},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[32,6372,6374],{"id":6373},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6376,6377,6378,198],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6379,3856],{},[37,6381,6383],{"className":39,"code":6382,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6384,6385],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6386,6387,6389,6391,6393],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6388,91],{"class":90},[46,6390,94],{"class":60},[46,6392,5525],{"class":90},[46,6394,4602],{"class":60},[20,6396,143],{},[37,6398,6399],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,6400,6401],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6402,6403],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6404,4218],{"class":1325},[20,6406,6407],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6409,6410,6411,6413],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6412,5355],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6415,6416],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[37,6418,6420],{"className":39,"code":6419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6421,6422,6432,6447],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6423,6424,6426,6428,6430],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6425,91],{"class":90},[46,6427,94],{"class":60},[46,6429,5525],{"class":90},[46,6431,4660],{"class":60},[46,6433,6434,6436,6438,6440,6442,6445],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6435,91],{"class":90},[46,6437,94],{"class":60},[46,6439,5525],{"class":90},[46,6441,94],{"class":60},[46,6443,6444],{"class":426},"\"\"",[46,6446,106],{"class":60},[46,6448,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6460],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,6450,91],{"class":90},[46,6452,94],{"class":60},[46,6454,5525],{"class":90},[46,6456,94],{"class":60},[46,6458,6459],{"class":1270},"set",[46,6461,6462],{"class":60},"()))\n",[20,6464,143],{},[37,6466,6468],{"className":39,"code":6467,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6469,6470,6474,6478],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6471,6472],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6473,4218],{"class":1325},[46,6475,6476],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6477,4218],{"class":1325},[46,6479,6480],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,6481,4218],{"class":1325},[32,6483,6485],{"id":6484},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6487,160,6488,6490],{},[15,6489,5355],{}," when you want to:",[172,6492,6493,6496,6499],{},[175,6494,6495],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[175,6497,6498],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[175,6500,6501],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6503,6504],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[37,6506,6508],{"className":39,"code":6507,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6509,6510,6535,6539,6549,6553,6567,6586,6596,6601,6606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6511,6512,6514,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528,6530,6533],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6513,53],{"class":52},[46,6515,57],{"class":56},[46,6517,61],{"class":60},[46,6519,3175],{"class":64},[46,6521,68],{"class":60},[46,6523,312],{"class":64},[46,6525,68],{"class":60},[46,6527,1508],{"class":64},[46,6529,68],{"class":60},[46,6531,6532],{"class":64}," 8",[46,6534,84],{"class":60},[46,6536,6537],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6538,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,6540,6541,6544,6546],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,6542,6543],{"class":52},"found_even ",[46,6545,57],{"class":56},[46,6547,6548],{"class":1325}," False\n",[46,6550,6551],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,6552,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,6554,6555,6557,6560,6562,6564],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,6556,6129],{"class":1595},[46,6558,6559],{"class":52}," number ",[46,6561,1602],{"class":1595},[46,6563,4437],{"class":52},[46,6565,6566],{"class":60},":\n",[46,6568,6569,6572,6574,6577,6579,6582,6584],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,6570,6571],{"class":1595},"    if",[46,6573,6559],{"class":52},[46,6575,6576],{"class":56},"%",[46,6578,71],{"class":64},[46,6580,6581],{"class":56}," ==",[46,6583,4015],{"class":64},[46,6585,6566],{"class":60},[46,6587,6588,6591,6593],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,6589,6590],{"class":52},"        found_even ",[46,6592,57],{"class":56},[46,6594,6595],{"class":1325}," True\n",[46,6597,6598],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,6599,6600],{"class":1595},"        break\n",[46,6602,6604],{"class":48,"line":6603},9,[46,6605,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,6607,6609,6611,6613,6616],{"class":48,"line":6608},10,[46,6610,91],{"class":90},[46,6612,94],{"class":60},[46,6614,6615],{"class":102},"found_even",[46,6617,215],{"class":60},[20,6619,6620],{},"You can write:",[37,6622,6624],{"className":39,"code":6623,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6625,6626,6650],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6627,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6629,53],{"class":52},[46,6631,57],{"class":56},[46,6633,61],{"class":60},[46,6635,3175],{"class":64},[46,6637,68],{"class":60},[46,6639,312],{"class":64},[46,6641,68],{"class":60},[46,6643,1508],{"class":64},[46,6645,68],{"class":60},[46,6647,6532],{"class":64},[46,6649,84],{"class":60},[46,6651,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6653,91],{"class":90},[46,6655,94],{"class":60},[46,6657,5525],{"class":90},[46,6659,94],{"class":60},[46,6661,2403],{"class":102},[46,6663,6576],{"class":56},[46,6665,71],{"class":64},[46,6667,6581],{"class":56},[46,6669,4015],{"class":64},[46,6671,1596],{"class":1595},[46,6673,6559],{"class":102},[46,6675,1602],{"class":1595},[46,6677,4437],{"class":102},[46,6679,106],{"class":60},[20,6681,6682,6683,6685],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6684,5355],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[32,6687,4693],{"id":4692},[20,6689,6690,6691,507],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6692,5355],{},[283,6694,6696],{"id":6695},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6698,4700],{},[37,6700,6702],{"className":39,"code":6701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6703,6704],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6705,6706,6708,6710,6712,6714,6716],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6707,91],{"class":90},[46,6709,94],{"class":60},[46,6711,5525],{"class":90},[46,6713,94],{"class":60},[46,6715,65],{"class":64},[46,6717,106],{"class":60},[20,6719,6720,6721,6723],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6722,65],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6725,6726],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[37,6728,6730],{"className":39,"code":6729,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6731,6732],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6733,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6744],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6735,91],{"class":90},[46,6737,94],{"class":60},[46,6739,5525],{"class":90},[46,6741,3172],{"class":60},[46,6743,65],{"class":64},[46,6745,3186],{"class":60},[283,6747,6749],{"id":6748},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6751,6752,6754,6755,6758],{},[15,6753,5355],{}," needs only ",[3924,6756,6757],{},"one"," truthy item.",[37,6760,6762],{"className":39,"code":6761,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6763,6764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6765,6766,6768,6770,6772,6774,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6767,91],{"class":90},[46,6769,94],{"class":60},[46,6771,5525],{"class":90},[46,6773,3172],{"class":60},[46,6775,3856],{"class":1325},[46,6777,68],{"class":60},[46,6779,4084],{"class":1325},[46,6781,68],{"class":60},[46,6783,4093],{"class":1325},[46,6785,3186],{"class":60},[20,6787,143],{},[37,6789,6790],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,6791,6792],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6793,6794],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6795,4157],{"class":1325},[20,6797,6798,6799,6803],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[501,6800,6801],{"href":5597},[15,6802,3762],{}," instead.",[283,6805,6807],{"id":6806},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6809,6810,6811,507],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6812,6813],{},"\"True\"",[37,6815,6817],{"className":39,"code":6816,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6818,6819],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6820,6821,6823,6825,6827,6829,6831,6833,6835],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6822,91],{"class":90},[46,6824,94],{"class":60},[46,6826,5525],{"class":90},[46,6828,3172],{"class":60},[46,6830,427],{"class":426},[46,6832,3856],{"class":430},[46,6834,427],{"class":426},[46,6836,3186],{"class":60},[20,6838,143],{},[37,6840,6841],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,6842,6843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6844,6845],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6846,4157],{"class":1325},[20,6848,6849,6850,6853],{},"That is because ",[15,6851,6852],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[283,6855,6857],{"id":6856},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6859,6860],{},"This works:",[37,6862,6864],{"className":39,"code":6863,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6865,6866,6886],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6867,6868,6870,6872,6874,6876,6878,6880,6882,6884],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6869,53],{"class":52},[46,6871,57],{"class":56},[46,6873,61],{"class":60},[46,6875,3175],{"class":64},[46,6877,68],{"class":60},[46,6879,71],{"class":64},[46,6881,68],{"class":60},[46,6883,312],{"class":64},[46,6885,84],{"class":60},[46,6887,6888,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898,6900,6902,6904,6906,6908,6910],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6889,91],{"class":90},[46,6891,94],{"class":60},[46,6893,5525],{"class":90},[46,6895,3172],{"class":60},[46,6897,3210],{"class":102},[46,6899,4426],{"class":56},[46,6901,71],{"class":64},[46,6903,1596],{"class":1595},[46,6905,1599],{"class":102},[46,6907,1602],{"class":1595},[46,6909,4437],{"class":102},[46,6911,3186],{"class":60},[20,6913,6914],{},"But this is usually better:",[37,6916,6918],{"className":39,"code":6917,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6919,6920,6940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,6921,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,6923,53],{"class":52},[46,6925,57],{"class":56},[46,6927,61],{"class":60},[46,6929,3175],{"class":64},[46,6931,68],{"class":60},[46,6933,71],{"class":64},[46,6935,68],{"class":60},[46,6937,312],{"class":64},[46,6939,84],{"class":60},[46,6941,6942,6944,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,6943,91],{"class":90},[46,6945,94],{"class":60},[46,6947,5525],{"class":90},[46,6949,94],{"class":60},[46,6951,3210],{"class":102},[46,6953,4426],{"class":56},[46,6955,71],{"class":64},[46,6957,1596],{"class":1595},[46,6959,1599],{"class":102},[46,6961,1602],{"class":1595},[46,6963,4437],{"class":102},[46,6965,106],{"class":60},[20,6967,6968],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[32,6970,1991],{"id":1990},[283,6972,6974],{"id":6973},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6976,5320,6977,6979,6980,507],{},[15,6978,3787],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6981,3856],{},[283,6983,6985],{"id":6984},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6987,6988,2583,6990,6992],{},[15,6989,5355],{},[15,6991,3856],{}," for an empty iterable.",[283,6994,6996],{"id":6995},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6998,6999,7001,7002,7004],{},[15,7000,5355],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,7003,3762],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[283,7006,7008],{"id":7007},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,7010,7011],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[37,7013,7014],{"className":39,"code":6115,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,7015,7016],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7017,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7032],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7019,5525],{"class":90},[46,7021,94],{"class":60},[46,7023,6126],{"class":102},[46,7025,6129],{"class":1595},[46,7027,6132],{"class":102},[46,7029,1602],{"class":1595},[46,7031,6137],{"class":102},[46,7033,215],{"class":60},[20,7035,5644],{},[37,7037,7038],{"className":39,"code":6917,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,7039,7040,7060],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7041,7042,7044,7046,7048,7050,7052,7054,7056,7058],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7043,53],{"class":52},[46,7045,57],{"class":56},[46,7047,61],{"class":60},[46,7049,3175],{"class":64},[46,7051,68],{"class":60},[46,7053,71],{"class":64},[46,7055,68],{"class":60},[46,7057,312],{"class":64},[46,7059,84],{"class":60},[46,7061,7062,7064,7066,7068,7070,7072,7074,7076,7078,7080,7082,7084],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7063,91],{"class":90},[46,7065,94],{"class":60},[46,7067,5525],{"class":90},[46,7069,94],{"class":60},[46,7071,3210],{"class":102},[46,7073,4426],{"class":56},[46,7075,71],{"class":64},[46,7077,1596],{"class":1595},[46,7079,1599],{"class":102},[46,7081,1602],{"class":1595},[46,7083,4437],{"class":102},[46,7085,106],{"class":60},[32,7087,2065],{"id":2064},[172,7089,7090,7096,7100,7104,7109],{},[175,7091,7092],{},[501,7093,7094,506],{"href":5597},[15,7095,3762],{},[175,7097,7098],{},[501,7099,3988],{"href":5949},[175,7101,7102],{},[501,7103,5387],{"href":5758},[175,7105,7106],{},[501,7107,7108],{"href":6369},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[175,7110,7111],{},[501,7112,7113,506],{"href":5952},[15,7114,3994],{},[2103,7116,7117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":7119},[7120,7121,7122,7123,7124,7125,7126,7127,7133,7139],{"id":5547,"depth":87,"text":5548},{"id":5602,"depth":87,"text":5603},{"id":3909,"depth":87,"text":3910},{"id":5957,"depth":87,"text":5958},{"id":6100,"depth":87,"text":6101},{"id":6373,"depth":87,"text":6374},{"id":6484,"depth":87,"text":6485},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":7128},[7129,7130,7131,7132],{"id":6695,"depth":109,"text":6696},{"id":6748,"depth":109,"text":6749},{"id":6806,"depth":109,"text":6807},{"id":6856,"depth":109,"text":6857},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":7134},[7135,7136,7137,7138],{"id":6973,"depth":109,"text":6974},{"id":6984,"depth":109,"text":6985},{"id":6995,"depth":109,"text":6996},{"id":7007,"depth":109,"text":7008},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5450,"description":7140},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7146,"title":7147,"body":7148,"description":9276,"extension":2150,"meta":9277,"navigation":112,"path":9278,"seo":9279,"stem":9280,"__hash__":9281},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7149,"toc":9239},[7150,7153,7162,7172,7174,7271,7273,7302,7318,7322,7327,7330,7340,7346,7352,7368,7370,7378,7385,7389,7392,7407,7412,7430,7435,7437,7485,7487,7504,7508,7514,7517,7551,7553,7659,7661,7698,7702,7710,7712,7732,7734,7854,7856,7885,7888,7911,7913,7921,7929,7933,7939,7943,7984,7986,7994,7997,8024,8026,8034,8038,8067,8069,8077,8109,8111,8119,8123,8174,8176,8184,8192,8196,8199,8252,8254,8275,8282,8286,8292,8295,8303,8325,8327,8335,8343,8366,8368,8376,8381,8386,8398,8400,8441,8452,8456,8465,8468,8471,8530,8533,8585,8588,8593,8609,8615,8617,8622,8630,8633,8655,8657,8665,8670,8673,8708,8710,8718,8722,8727,8765,8777,8780,8834,8842,8846,8849,8871,8880,8883,8924,8926,8949,8955,8961,8976,8978,8998,9001,9020,9022,9041,9045,9051,9130,9133,9147,9154,9156,9160,9167,9171,9175,9179,9184,9188,9193,9197,9204,9206,9236],[10,7151,7147],{"id":7152},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7154,882,7155,7157,7158,3065,7160,507],{},[15,7156,3994],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7159,3787],{},[15,7161,3856],{},[20,7163,7164,7165,7167,7168,7171],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7166,3994],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7169,7170],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[32,7173,3792],{"id":3791},[37,7175,7177],{"className":39,"code":7176,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7178,7179,7193,7207,7221,7239,7249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7180,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189,7191],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7182,91],{"class":90},[46,7184,94],{"class":60},[46,7186,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7188,94],{"class":60},[46,7190,554],{"class":64},[46,7192,106],{"class":60},[46,7194,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7196,91],{"class":90},[46,7198,94],{"class":60},[46,7200,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7202,94],{"class":60},[46,7204,3175],{"class":64},[46,7206,106],{"class":60},[46,7208,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7210,91],{"class":90},[46,7212,94],{"class":60},[46,7214,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7216,94],{"class":60},[46,7218,6444],{"class":426},[46,7220,106],{"class":60},[46,7222,7223,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7237],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,7224,91],{"class":90},[46,7226,94],{"class":60},[46,7228,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7230,94],{"class":60},[46,7232,427],{"class":426},[46,7234,4027],{"class":430},[46,7236,427],{"class":426},[46,7238,106],{"class":60},[46,7240,7241,7243,7245,7247],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,7242,91],{"class":90},[46,7244,94],{"class":60},[46,7246,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7248,4602],{"class":60},[46,7250,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,7252,91],{"class":90},[46,7254,94],{"class":60},[46,7256,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7258,3172],{"class":60},[46,7260,3175],{"class":64},[46,7262,68],{"class":60},[46,7264,71],{"class":64},[46,7266,68],{"class":60},[46,7268,312],{"class":64},[46,7270,3186],{"class":60},[20,7272,5731],{},[37,7274,7276],{"className":39,"code":7275,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7277,7278,7282,7286,7290,7294,7298],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7279,7280],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7281,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7283,7284],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7285,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7287,7288],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7289,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7291,7292],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,7293,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7295,7296],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,7297,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7299,7300],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,7301,4157],{"class":1325},[20,7303,160,7304,7307,7308,3065,7310,7312,7313,7315,7316,507],{},[15,7305,7306],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7309,3787],{},[15,7311,3856],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7314,3856],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7317,3787],{},[32,7319,7321],{"id":7320},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7323,7324,7326],{},[15,7325,3994],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7328,7329],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[172,7331,7332,7336],{},[175,7333,7334],{},[15,7335,3787],{},[175,7337,7338],{},[15,7339,3856],{},[20,7341,7342,7343,7345],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7344,7170],{}," statements.",[20,7347,7348,7349,7351],{},"You can also call ",[15,7350,3994],{}," with no argument:",[37,7353,7355],{"className":39,"code":7354,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool())\n",[15,7356,7357],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7358,7359,7361,7363,7365],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7360,91],{"class":90},[46,7362,94],{"class":60},[46,7364,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7366,7367],{"class":60},"())\n",[20,7369,143],{},[37,7371,7372],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,7373,7374],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7375,7376],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7377,4218],{"class":1325},[20,7379,7380,7381,507],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[501,7382,7384],{"href":7383},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[32,7386,7388],{"id":7387},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7390,7391],{},"The basic syntax is:",[37,7393,7395],{"className":39,"code":7394,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bool(value)\n",[15,7396,7397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7398,7399,7401,7403,7405],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7400,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7402,94],{"class":60},[46,7404,2659],{"class":102},[46,7406,215],{"class":60},[20,7408,882,7409,7411],{},[15,7410,2659],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[172,7413,7414,7416,7418,7420,7422,7425,7427],{},[175,7415,103],{},[175,7417,5480],{},[175,7419,5471],{},[175,7421,5474],{},[175,7423,7424],{},"dictionaries",[175,7426,5477],{},[175,7428,7429],{},"other objects",[20,7431,7432,7433,507],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7434,3856],{},[20,7436,2393],{},[37,7438,7440],{"className":39,"code":7439,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7441,7442,7456,7475],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7443,7444,7446,7448,7450,7452,7454],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7445,91],{"class":90},[46,7447,94],{"class":60},[46,7449,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7451,94],{"class":60},[46,7453,1494],{"class":64},[46,7455,106],{"class":60},[46,7457,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468,7471,7473],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7459,91],{"class":90},[46,7461,94],{"class":60},[46,7463,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7465,94],{"class":60},[46,7467,427],{"class":426},[46,7469,7470],{"class":430},"Python",[46,7472,427],{"class":426},[46,7474,106],{"class":60},[46,7476,7477,7479,7481,7483],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7478,91],{"class":90},[46,7480,94],{"class":60},[46,7482,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7484,7367],{"class":60},[20,7486,143],{},[37,7488,7490],{"className":39,"code":7489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7491,7492,7496,7500],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7493,7494],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7495,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7497,7498],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7499,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7501,7502],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7503,4218],{"class":1325},[32,7505,7507],{"id":7506},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7509,7510,7511,7513],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3924,7512,5768],{}," values.",[20,7515,7516],{},"Common examples:",[172,7518,7519,7523,7527,7531,7535,7539,7543,7547],{},[175,7520,7521],{},[15,7522,554],{},[175,7524,7525],{},[15,7526,3950],{},[175,7528,7529],{},[15,7530,6444],{},[175,7532,7533],{},[15,7534,3968],{},[175,7536,7537],{},[15,7538,1277],{},[175,7540,7541],{},[15,7542,3973],{},[175,7544,7545],{},[15,7546,3978],{},[175,7548,7549],{},[15,7550,1326],{},[20,7552,2393],{},[37,7554,7556],{"className":39,"code":7555,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7557,7558,7572,7586,7600,7610,7620,7631,7645],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7559,7560,7562,7564,7566,7568,7570],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7561,91],{"class":90},[46,7563,94],{"class":60},[46,7565,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7567,94],{"class":60},[46,7569,554],{"class":64},[46,7571,106],{"class":60},[46,7573,7574,7576,7578,7580,7582,7584],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7575,91],{"class":90},[46,7577,94],{"class":60},[46,7579,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7581,94],{"class":60},[46,7583,3950],{"class":64},[46,7585,106],{"class":60},[46,7587,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7589,91],{"class":90},[46,7591,94],{"class":60},[46,7593,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7595,94],{"class":60},[46,7597,6444],{"class":426},[46,7599,106],{"class":60},[46,7601,7602,7604,7606,7608],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,7603,91],{"class":90},[46,7605,94],{"class":60},[46,7607,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7609,4602],{"class":60},[46,7611,7612,7614,7616,7618],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,7613,91],{"class":90},[46,7615,94],{"class":60},[46,7617,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7619,4660],{"class":60},[46,7621,7622,7624,7626,7628],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,7623,91],{"class":90},[46,7625,94],{"class":60},[46,7627,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7629,7630],{"class":60},"({}))\n",[46,7632,7633,7635,7637,7639,7641,7643],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,7634,91],{"class":90},[46,7636,94],{"class":60},[46,7638,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7640,94],{"class":60},[46,7642,6459],{"class":1270},[46,7644,6462],{"class":60},[46,7646,7647,7649,7651,7653,7655,7657],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,7648,91],{"class":90},[46,7650,94],{"class":60},[46,7652,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7654,94],{"class":60},[46,7656,1326],{"class":1325},[46,7658,106],{"class":60},[20,7660,143],{},[37,7662,7664],{"className":39,"code":7663,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7665,7666,7670,7674,7678,7682,7686,7690,7694],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7667,7668],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7669,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7671,7672],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7673,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7675,7676],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7677,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7679,7680],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,7681,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7683,7684],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,7685,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7687,7688],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,7689,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7691,7692],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,7693,4218],{"class":1325},[46,7695,7696],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,7697,4218],{"class":1325},[32,7699,7701],{"id":7700},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7703,7704,7705,7707,7708,7513],{},"Many values become ",[15,7706,3787],{},". These are often called ",[3924,7709,5765],{},[20,7711,7516],{},[172,7713,7714,7717,7720,7723,7726,7729],{},[175,7715,7716],{},"non-zero numbers",[175,7718,7719],{},"non-empty strings",[175,7721,7722],{},"non-empty lists",[175,7724,7725],{},"non-empty tuples",[175,7727,7728],{},"non-empty sets",[175,7730,7731],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7733,2393],{},[37,7735,7737],{"className":39,"code":7736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7738,7739,7753,7769,7787,7809,7827],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7740,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7742,91],{"class":90},[46,7744,94],{"class":60},[46,7746,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7748,94],{"class":60},[46,7750,65],{"class":64},[46,7752,106],{"class":60},[46,7754,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7756,91],{"class":90},[46,7758,94],{"class":60},[46,7760,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7762,94],{"class":60},[46,7764,2208],{"class":56},[46,7766,2243],{"class":64},[46,7768,106],{"class":60},[46,7770,7771,7773,7775,7777,7779,7781,7783,7785],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7772,91],{"class":90},[46,7774,94],{"class":60},[46,7776,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7778,94],{"class":60},[46,7780,427],{"class":426},[46,7782,4027],{"class":430},[46,7784,427],{"class":426},[46,7786,106],{"class":60},[46,7788,7789,7791,7793,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,7790,91],{"class":90},[46,7792,94],{"class":60},[46,7794,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7796,3172],{"class":60},[46,7798,3175],{"class":64},[46,7800,68],{"class":60},[46,7802,71],{"class":64},[46,7804,68],{"class":60},[46,7806,312],{"class":64},[46,7808,3186],{"class":60},[46,7810,7811,7813,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,7812,91],{"class":90},[46,7814,94],{"class":60},[46,7816,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7818,5682],{"class":60},[46,7820,3175],{"class":64},[46,7822,68],{"class":60},[46,7824,71],{"class":64},[46,7826,3099],{"class":60},[46,7828,7829,7831,7833,7835,7837,7839,7841,7843,7845,7847,7850,7852],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,7830,91],{"class":90},[46,7832,94],{"class":60},[46,7834,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7836,5701],{"class":60},[46,7838,427],{"class":426},[46,7840,1009],{"class":430},[46,7842,427],{"class":426},[46,7844,198],{"class":60},[46,7846,438],{"class":426},[46,7848,7849],{"class":430},"Sam",[46,7851,427],{"class":426},[46,7853,5710],{"class":60},[20,7855,143],{},[37,7857,7859],{"className":39,"code":7858,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7860,7861,7865,7869,7873,7877,7881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7862,7863],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7864,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7866,7867],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7868,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7870,7871],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,7872,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7874,7875],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,7876,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7878,7879],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,7880,4157],{"class":1325},[46,7882,7883],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,7884,4157],{"class":1325},[20,7886,7887],{},"One important example is this:",[37,7889,7891],{"className":39,"code":7890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7892,7893],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7894,7895,7897,7899,7901,7903,7905,7907,7909],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7896,91],{"class":90},[46,7898,94],{"class":60},[46,7900,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7902,94],{"class":60},[46,7904,427],{"class":426},[46,7906,3856],{"class":430},[46,7908,427],{"class":426},[46,7910,106],{"class":60},[20,7912,143],{},[37,7914,7915],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,7916,7917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7918,7919],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7920,4157],{"class":1325},[20,7922,7923,7924,7926,7927,507],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7925,6852],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7928,3787],{},[32,7930,7932],{"id":7931},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7934,7935,7936,7938],{},"You can use ",[15,7937,3994],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[283,7940,7942],{"id":7941},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[37,7944,7946],{"className":39,"code":7945,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7947,7948,7970],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7949,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960,7963,7965,7968],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7951,1398],{"class":52},[46,7953,57],{"class":56},[46,7955,61],{"class":60},[46,7957,1494],{"class":64},[46,7959,68],{"class":60},[46,7961,7962],{"class":64}," 20",[46,7964,68],{"class":60},[46,7966,7967],{"class":64}," 30",[46,7969,84],{"class":60},[46,7971,7972,7974,7976,7978,7980,7982],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,7973,91],{"class":90},[46,7975,94],{"class":60},[46,7977,4049],{"class":1270},[46,7979,94],{"class":60},[46,7981,1415],{"class":102},[46,7983,106],{"class":60},[20,7985,143],{},[37,7987,7988],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,7989,7990],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,7991,7992],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,7993,4157],{"class":1325},[20,7995,7996],{},"With an empty list:",[37,7998,8000],{"className":39,"code":7999,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,8001,8002,8010],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8003,8004,8006,8008],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8005,1398],{"class":52},[46,8007,57],{"class":56},[46,8009,533],{"class":60},[46,8011,8012,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8013,91],{"class":90},[46,8015,94],{"class":60},[46,8017,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8019,94],{"class":60},[46,8021,1415],{"class":102},[46,8023,106],{"class":60},[20,8025,143],{},[37,8027,8028],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8029,8030],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8031,8032],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8033,4218],{"class":1325},[283,8035,8037],{"id":8036},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[37,8039,8041],{"className":39,"code":8040,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8042,8043,8053],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8044,8045,8048,8050],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8046,8047],{"class":52},"name ",[46,8049,57],{"class":56},[46,8051,8052],{"class":426}," \"\"\n",[46,8054,8055,8057,8059,8061,8063,8065],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8056,91],{"class":90},[46,8058,94],{"class":60},[46,8060,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8062,94],{"class":60},[46,8064,1009],{"class":102},[46,8066,106],{"class":60},[20,8068,143],{},[37,8070,8071],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8072,8073],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8074,8075],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8076,4218],{"class":1325},[37,8078,8080],{"className":39,"code":8079,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8081,8082,8095],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8083,8084,8086,8088,8090,8093],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8085,8047],{"class":52},[46,8087,57],{"class":56},[46,8089,438],{"class":426},[46,8091,8092],{"class":430},"Mia",[46,8094,3544],{"class":426},[46,8096,8097,8099,8101,8103,8105,8107],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8098,91],{"class":90},[46,8100,94],{"class":60},[46,8102,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8104,94],{"class":60},[46,8106,1009],{"class":102},[46,8108,106],{"class":60},[20,8110,143],{},[37,8112,8113],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8114,8115],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8116,8117],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8118,4157],{"class":1325},[283,8120,8122],{"id":8121},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[37,8124,8126],{"className":39,"code":8125,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8127,8128,8142,8159,8163],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8129,8130,8133,8135,8137,8140],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8131,8132],{"class":52},"username ",[46,8134,57],{"class":56},[46,8136,438],{"class":426},[46,8138,8139],{"class":430},"alex",[46,8141,3544],{"class":426},[46,8143,8144,8147,8149,8152,8154,8157],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8145,8146],{"class":52},"has_name ",[46,8148,57],{"class":56},[46,8150,8151],{"class":1270}," bool",[46,8153,94],{"class":60},[46,8155,8156],{"class":102},"username",[46,8158,215],{"class":60},[46,8160,8161],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,8162,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,8164,8165,8167,8169,8172],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,8166,91],{"class":90},[46,8168,94],{"class":60},[46,8170,8171],{"class":102},"has_name",[46,8173,215],{"class":60},[20,8175,143],{},[37,8177,8178],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8179,8180],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8181,8182],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8183,4157],{"class":1325},[20,8185,8186,8187,3065,8189,8191],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8188,3787],{},[15,8190,3856],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[283,8193,8195],{"id":8194},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8197,8198],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[37,8200,8202],{"className":39,"code":8201,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8203,8204,8224,8228,8236],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8205,8206,8208,8210,8212,8214,8216,8218,8220,8222],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8207,53],{"class":52},[46,8209,57],{"class":56},[46,8211,61],{"class":60},[46,8213,3175],{"class":64},[46,8215,68],{"class":60},[46,8217,71],{"class":64},[46,8219,68],{"class":60},[46,8221,312],{"class":64},[46,8223,84],{"class":60},[46,8225,8226],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8227,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,8229,8230,8232,8234],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,8231,7170],{"class":1595},[46,8233,4437],{"class":52},[46,8235,6566],{"class":60},[46,8237,8238,8241,8243,8245,8248,8250],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,8239,8240],{"class":90},"    print",[46,8242,94],{"class":60},[46,8244,427],{"class":426},[46,8246,8247],{"class":430},"The list is not empty",[46,8249,427],{"class":426},[46,8251,215],{"class":60},[20,8253,143],{},[37,8255,8257],{"className":39,"code":8256,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8258,8259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8260,8261,8263,8266,8269,8272],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8262,882],{"class":52},[46,8264,8265],{"class":1270},"list",[46,8267,8268],{"class":56}," is",[46,8270,8271],{"class":56}," not",[46,8273,8274],{"class":52}," empty\n",[20,8276,8277,8278,507],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[501,8279,8281],{"href":8280},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[32,8283,8285],{"id":8284},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8287,8288,8289,8291],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8290,3994],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8293,8294],{},"It does not do that.",[283,8296,8298,2583,8301],{"id":8297},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8299,8300],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8302,3787],{},[37,8304,8305],{"className":39,"code":7890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8306,8307],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8308,8309,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319,8321,8323],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8310,91],{"class":90},[46,8312,94],{"class":60},[46,8314,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8316,94],{"class":60},[46,8318,427],{"class":426},[46,8320,3856],{"class":430},[46,8322,427],{"class":426},[46,8324,106],{"class":60},[20,8326,143],{},[37,8328,8329],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8330,8331],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8332,8333],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8334,4157],{"class":1325},[283,8336,8338,2583,8341],{"id":8337},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8339,8340],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8342,3787],{},[37,8344,8346],{"className":39,"code":8345,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8347,8348],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8349,8350,8352,8354,8356,8358,8360,8362,8364],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8351,91],{"class":90},[46,8353,94],{"class":60},[46,8355,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8357,94],{"class":60},[46,8359,427],{"class":426},[46,8361,554],{"class":430},[46,8363,427],{"class":426},[46,8365,106],{"class":60},[20,8367,143],{},[37,8369,8370],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8371,8372],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8373,8374],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8375,4157],{"class":1325},[20,8377,8378,8379,507],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3924,8380,7719],{},[20,8382,8383,8385],{},[15,8384,3994],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8387,8388,8389,8394,8395,8397],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[501,8390,8392],{"href":8391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8393,3144],{},", because ",[15,8396,3144],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8399,2393],{},[37,8401,8403],{"className":39,"code":8402,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8404,8405,8426],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8406,8407,8410,8412,8415,8417,8419,8422,8424],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8408,8409],{"class":52},"user_value ",[46,8411,57],{"class":56},[46,8413,8414],{"class":90}," input",[46,8416,94],{"class":60},[46,8418,427],{"class":426},[46,8420,8421],{"class":430},"Enter True or False: ",[46,8423,427],{"class":426},[46,8425,215],{"class":60},[46,8427,8428,8430,8432,8434,8436,8439],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8429,91],{"class":90},[46,8431,94],{"class":60},[46,8433,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8435,94],{"class":60},[46,8437,8438],{"class":102},"user_value",[46,8440,106],{"class":60},[20,8442,8443,8444,8446,8447,8394,8449,8451],{},"If the user types ",[15,8445,3856],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8448,3787],{},[15,8450,6852],{}," is not empty.",[32,8453,8455],{"id":8454},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8457,8458,8459,8461,8462,8464],{},"In many ",[15,8460,7170],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8463,3994],{}," yourself.",[20,8466,8467],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8469,8470],{},"Instead of this:",[37,8472,8474],{"className":39,"code":8473,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8475,8476,8497,8501,8515],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8477,8478,8481,8483,8485,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8479,8480],{"class":52},"my_list ",[46,8482,57],{"class":56},[46,8484,61],{"class":60},[46,8486,3175],{"class":64},[46,8488,68],{"class":60},[46,8490,71],{"class":64},[46,8492,68],{"class":60},[46,8494,312],{"class":64},[46,8496,84],{"class":60},[46,8498,8499],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8500,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,8502,8503,8505,8507,8509,8512],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,8504,7170],{"class":1595},[46,8506,8151],{"class":1270},[46,8508,94],{"class":60},[46,8510,8511],{"class":102},"my_list",[46,8513,8514],{"class":60},"):\n",[46,8516,8517,8519,8521,8523,8526,8528],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,8518,8240],{"class":90},[46,8520,94],{"class":60},[46,8522,427],{"class":426},[46,8524,8525],{"class":430},"List has items",[46,8527,427],{"class":426},[46,8529,215],{"class":60},[20,8531,8532],{},"You can simply write:",[37,8534,8536],{"className":39,"code":8535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8537,8538,8558,8562,8571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8539,8540,8542,8544,8546,8548,8550,8552,8554,8556],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8541,8480],{"class":52},[46,8543,57],{"class":56},[46,8545,61],{"class":60},[46,8547,3175],{"class":64},[46,8549,68],{"class":60},[46,8551,71],{"class":64},[46,8553,68],{"class":60},[46,8555,312],{"class":64},[46,8557,84],{"class":60},[46,8559,8560],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8561,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,8563,8564,8566,8569],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,8565,7170],{"class":1595},[46,8567,8568],{"class":52}," my_list",[46,8570,6566],{"class":60},[46,8572,8573,8575,8577,8579,8581,8583],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,8574,8240],{"class":90},[46,8576,94],{"class":60},[46,8578,427],{"class":426},[46,8580,8525],{"class":430},[46,8582,427],{"class":426},[46,8584,215],{"class":60},[20,8586,8587],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8589,578,8590,8592],{},[15,8591,3994],{}," is still helpful when:",[172,8594,8595,8598,8606],{},[175,8596,8597],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[175,8599,8600,8601,3065,8603,8605],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8602,3787],{},[15,8604,3856],{}," value",[175,8607,8608],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8610,8611,8612,507],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[501,8613,8614],{"href":2486},"Python type() function explained",[32,8616,1834],{"id":1833},[20,8618,8619,8620,507],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8621,3994],{},[283,8623,1853,8625,8627,8628],{"id":8624},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8626,8300],{}," to return ",[15,8629,3856],{},[20,8631,8632],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[37,8634,8635],{"className":39,"code":7890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8636,8637],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8638,8639,8641,8643,8645,8647,8649,8651,8653],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8640,91],{"class":90},[46,8642,94],{"class":60},[46,8644,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8646,94],{"class":60},[46,8648,427],{"class":426},[46,8650,3856],{"class":430},[46,8652,427],{"class":426},[46,8654,106],{"class":60},[20,8656,143],{},[37,8658,8659],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8660,8661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8662,8663],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8664,4157],{"class":1325},[20,8666,8667,8668,6853],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8669,6852],{},[20,8671,8672],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[37,8674,8676],{"className":39,"code":8675,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8677,8678,8690],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8679,8680,8682,8684,8686,8688],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8681,2633],{"class":52},[46,8683,57],{"class":56},[46,8685,438],{"class":426},[46,8687,3856],{"class":430},[46,8689,3544],{"class":426},[46,8691,8692,8694,8696,8698,8700,8702,8704,8706],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8693,91],{"class":90},[46,8695,94],{"class":60},[46,8697,2633],{"class":102},[46,8699,4863],{"class":56},[46,8701,438],{"class":426},[46,8703,3787],{"class":430},[46,8705,427],{"class":426},[46,8707,215],{"class":60},[20,8709,143],{},[37,8711,8712],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,8713,8714],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8715,8716],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8717,4218],{"class":1325},[283,8719,8721],{"id":8720},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8723,8724,8726],{},[15,8725,3144],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[37,8728,8730],{"className":39,"code":8729,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8731,8732,8751],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8733,8734,8736,8738,8740,8742,8744,8747,8749],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8735,2633],{"class":52},[46,8737,57],{"class":56},[46,8739,8414],{"class":90},[46,8741,94],{"class":60},[46,8743,427],{"class":426},[46,8745,8746],{"class":430},"Enter yes or no: ",[46,8748,427],{"class":426},[46,8750,215],{"class":60},[46,8752,8753,8755,8757,8759,8761,8763],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8754,91],{"class":90},[46,8756,94],{"class":60},[46,8758,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8760,94],{"class":60},[46,8762,2659],{"class":102},[46,8764,106],{"class":60},[20,8766,8443,8767,8770,8771,8773,8774,8451],{},[15,8768,8769],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8772,3787],{}," because ",[15,8775,8776],{},"\"no\"",[20,8778,8779],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[37,8781,8783],{"className":39,"code":8782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8784,8785,8815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8786,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799,8801,8804,8807,8810,8812],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8788,2633],{"class":52},[46,8790,57],{"class":56},[46,8792,8414],{"class":90},[46,8794,94],{"class":60},[46,8796,427],{"class":426},[46,8798,8746],{"class":430},[46,8800,427],{"class":426},[46,8802,8803],{"class":60},").",[46,8805,8806],{"class":102},"strip",[46,8808,8809],{"class":60},"().",[46,8811,1775],{"class":102},[46,8813,8814],{"class":60},"()\n",[46,8816,8817,8819,8821,8823,8825,8827,8830,8832],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8818,91],{"class":90},[46,8820,94],{"class":60},[46,8822,2633],{"class":102},[46,8824,4863],{"class":56},[46,8826,438],{"class":426},[46,8828,8829],{"class":430},"yes",[46,8831,427],{"class":426},[46,8833,215],{"class":60},[20,8835,8836,8837,8839,8840,507],{},"This gives ",[15,8838,3787],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8841,8829],{},[283,8843,8845],{"id":8844},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8847,8848],{},"These are different:",[172,8850,8851,8855,8859,8863,8867],{},[175,8852,8853],{},[15,8854,3856],{},[175,8856,8857],{},[15,8858,554],{},[175,8860,8861],{},[15,8862,6444],{},[175,8864,8865],{},[15,8866,3968],{},[175,8868,8869],{},[15,8870,1326],{},[20,8872,8873,8874,8876,8877,8879],{},"They all become ",[15,8875,3856],{}," with ",[15,8878,3994],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8881,8882],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[37,8884,8886],{"className":39,"code":8885,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8887,8888,8896,8910],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8889,8890,8892,8894],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8891,2633],{"class":52},[46,8893,57],{"class":56},[46,8895,533],{"class":60},[46,8897,8898,8900,8902,8904,8906,8908],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8899,91],{"class":90},[46,8901,94],{"class":60},[46,8903,1889],{"class":1270},[46,8905,94],{"class":60},[46,8907,2659],{"class":102},[46,8909,106],{"class":60},[46,8911,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,8913,91],{"class":90},[46,8915,94],{"class":60},[46,8917,4049],{"class":1270},[46,8919,94],{"class":60},[46,8921,2659],{"class":102},[46,8923,106],{"class":60},[20,8925,143],{},[37,8927,8929],{"className":39,"code":8928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8930,8931,8945],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8932,8933,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8934,3476],{"class":56},[46,8936,3479],{"class":1140},[46,8938,1197],{"class":426},[46,8940,8265],{"class":430},[46,8942,1188],{"class":426},[46,8944,3488],{"class":56},[46,8946,8947],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,8948,4218],{"class":1325},[283,8950,578,8952,8954],{"id":8951},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8953,3973],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8956,8957,8958,8960],{},"In Python, ",[15,8959,3973],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[37,8962,8964],{"className":39,"code":8963,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8965,8966],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8967,8968,8970,8972,8974],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8969,91],{"class":90},[46,8971,94],{"class":60},[46,8973,1889],{"class":1270},[46,8975,7630],{"class":60},[20,8977,143],{},[37,8979,8981],{"className":39,"code":8980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8982,8983],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,8984,8985,8987,8989,8991,8994,8996],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,8986,3476],{"class":56},[46,8988,3479],{"class":1140},[46,8990,1197],{"class":426},[46,8992,8993],{"class":430},"dict",[46,8995,1188],{"class":426},[46,8997,3488],{"class":56},[20,8999,9000],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[37,9002,9004],{"className":39,"code":9003,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,9005,9006],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9007,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9009,91],{"class":90},[46,9011,94],{"class":60},[46,9013,1889],{"class":1270},[46,9015,94],{"class":60},[46,9017,6459],{"class":1270},[46,9019,6462],{"class":60},[20,9021,143],{},[37,9023,9025],{"className":39,"code":9024,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,9026,9027],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9028,9029,9031,9033,9035,9037,9039],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9030,3476],{"class":56},[46,9032,3479],{"class":1140},[46,9034,1197],{"class":426},[46,9036,6459],{"class":430},[46,9038,1188],{"class":426},[46,9040,3488],{"class":56},[32,9042,9044],{"id":9043},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9046,9047,9048,9050],{},"If ",[15,9049,3994],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[37,9052,9054],{"className":39,"code":9053,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9055,9056,9070,9084,9094,9112],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9057,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066,9068],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9059,91],{"class":90},[46,9061,94],{"class":60},[46,9063,4049],{"class":1270},[46,9065,94],{"class":60},[46,9067,2659],{"class":102},[46,9069,106],{"class":60},[46,9071,9072,9074,9076,9078,9080,9082],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9073,91],{"class":90},[46,9075,94],{"class":60},[46,9077,1889],{"class":1270},[46,9079,94],{"class":60},[46,9081,2659],{"class":102},[46,9083,106],{"class":60},[46,9085,9086,9088,9090,9092],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,9087,91],{"class":90},[46,9089,94],{"class":60},[46,9091,2659],{"class":102},[46,9093,215],{"class":60},[46,9095,9096,9098,9100,9102,9104,9106,9108,9110],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,9097,91],{"class":90},[46,9099,94],{"class":60},[46,9101,2633],{"class":102},[46,9103,4863],{"class":56},[46,9105,438],{"class":426},[46,9107,3787],{"class":430},[46,9109,427],{"class":426},[46,9111,215],{"class":60},[46,9113,9114,9116,9118,9120,9122,9124,9126,9128],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,9115,91],{"class":90},[46,9117,94],{"class":60},[46,9119,2659],{"class":102},[46,9121,507],{"class":60},[46,9123,8806],{"class":102},[46,9125,8809],{"class":60},[46,9127,1775],{"class":102},[46,9129,7367],{"class":60},[20,9131,9132],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[172,9134,9135,9138,9141,9144],{},[175,9136,9137],{},"what the value really is",[175,9139,9140],{},"whether it is a string",[175,9142,9143],{},"whether it contains spaces",[175,9145,9146],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9148,9149,9150,507],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[501,9151,9153],{"href":9152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[32,9155,1991],{"id":1990},[283,9157,9159],{"id":9158},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9161,9162,9163,3065,9165,507],{},"It returns either ",[15,9164,3787],{},[15,9166,3856],{},[283,9168,9170],{"id":9169},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9172,5320,9173,507],{},[15,9174,3856],{},[283,9176,9178],{"id":9177},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9180,9181,9182,507],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9183,3787],{},[283,9185,9187],{"id":9186},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9189,9190,9191,507],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9192,3856],{},[283,9194,9196],{"id":9195},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9198,9199,9200,3065,9202,3918],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9201,3787],{},[15,9203,3856],{},[32,9205,2065],{"id":2064},[172,9207,9208,9213,9217,9222,9226,9231],{},[175,9209,9210],{},[501,9211,9212],{"href":5949},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[175,9214,9215],{},[501,9216,8281],{"href":8280},[175,9218,9219],{},[501,9220,9221],{"href":8391},"Python input() function explained",[175,9223,9224],{},[501,9225,8614],{"href":2486},[175,9227,9228],{},[501,9229,9230],{"href":9152},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[175,9232,9233],{},[501,9234,9235],{"href":7383},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2103,9237,9238],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":9240},[9241,9242,9243,9244,9245,9246,9252,9258,9259,9267,9268,9275],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":7320,"depth":87,"text":7321},{"id":7387,"depth":87,"text":7388},{"id":7506,"depth":87,"text":7507},{"id":7700,"depth":87,"text":7701},{"id":7931,"depth":87,"text":7932,"children":9247},[9248,9249,9250,9251],{"id":7941,"depth":109,"text":7942},{"id":8036,"depth":109,"text":8037},{"id":8121,"depth":109,"text":8122},{"id":8194,"depth":109,"text":8195},{"id":8284,"depth":87,"text":8285,"children":9253},[9254,9256],{"id":8297,"depth":109,"text":9255},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8337,"depth":109,"text":9257},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8454,"depth":87,"text":8455},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":9260},[9261,9263,9264,9265],{"id":8624,"depth":109,"text":9262},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8720,"depth":109,"text":8721},{"id":8844,"depth":109,"text":8845},{"id":8951,"depth":109,"text":9266},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9043,"depth":87,"text":9044},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":9269},[9270,9271,9272,9273,9274],{"id":9158,"depth":109,"text":9159},{"id":9169,"depth":109,"text":9170},{"id":9177,"depth":109,"text":9178},{"id":9186,"depth":109,"text":9187},{"id":9195,"depth":109,"text":9196},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7147,"description":9276},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9283,"title":9284,"body":9285,"description":11472,"extension":2150,"meta":11473,"navigation":112,"path":11474,"seo":11475,"stem":11476,"__hash__":11477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9286,"toc":11434},[9287,9293,9299,9306,9311,9322,9329,9435,9439,9506,9511,9516,9521,9524,9535,9540,9543,9554,9561,9563,9568,9572,9597,9601,9610,9614,9677,9681,9714,9718,9763,9767,9804,9808,9811,9867,9871,9917,9920,9925,9964,9968,9991,9994,10008,10021,10025,10030,10097,10101,10137,10140,10148,10151,10215,10219,10251,10257,10259,10319,10326,10329,10407,10411,10444,10448,10451,10495,10499,10535,10538,10555,10558,10561,10614,10617,10628,10635,10644,10647,10705,10709,10750,10758,10766,10771,10779,10791,10796,10807,10880,10883,10895,10911,10913,10918,10922,10924,10967,10973,10976,11039,11043,11046,11055,11060,11097,11101,11104,11112,11115,11154,11158,11161,11212,11216,11237,11244,11246,11252,11279,11282,11336,11339,11350,11352,11359,11367,11373,11378,11385,11388,11395,11402,11404,11431],[10,9288,13,9290,18],{"id":9289},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9291,9292],{},"dict()",[20,9294,9295,9296,9298],{},"The built-in ",[15,9297,9292],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9300,9301,9302,9305],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3924,9303,9304],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9307,9308,9310],{},[15,9309,9292],{}," is commonly used to:",[172,9312,9313,9316,9319],{},[175,9314,9315],{},"create an empty dictionary",[175,9317,9318],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[175,9320,9321],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9323,9324,9325,507],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[501,9326,9328],{"href":9327},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[37,9330,9332],{"className":39,"code":9331,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9333,9334,9367,9377,9381,9420],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9335,9336,9338,9340,9343,9345,9347,9349,9351,9353,9355,9357,9360,9362,9365],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9337,1487],{"class":52},[46,9339,57],{"class":56},[46,9341,9342],{"class":1270}," dict",[46,9344,94],{"class":60},[46,9346,1009],{"class":254},[46,9348,57],{"class":56},[46,9350,1188],{"class":426},[46,9352,5178],{"class":430},[46,9354,1188],{"class":426},[46,9356,68],{"class":60},[46,9358,9359],{"class":254}," age",[46,9361,57],{"class":56},[46,9363,9364],{"class":64},"25",[46,9366,215],{"class":60},[46,9368,9369,9371,9373,9375],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9370,91],{"class":90},[46,9372,94],{"class":60},[46,9374,1523],{"class":102},[46,9376,215],{"class":60},[46,9378,9379],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,9380,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,9382,9383,9386,9388,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401,9404,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,9384,9385],{"class":52},"pairs ",[46,9387,57],{"class":56},[46,9389,9390],{"class":60}," [(",[46,9392,1188],{"class":426},[46,9394,501],{"class":430},[46,9396,1188],{"class":426},[46,9398,68],{"class":60},[46,9400,81],{"class":64},[46,9402,9403],{"class":60},"),",[46,9405,9406],{"class":60}," (",[46,9408,1188],{"class":426},[46,9410,4935],{"class":430},[46,9412,1188],{"class":426},[46,9414,68],{"class":60},[46,9416,71],{"class":64},[46,9418,9419],{"class":60},")]\n",[46,9421,9422,9424,9426,9428,9430,9433],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,9423,91],{"class":90},[46,9425,94],{"class":60},[46,9427,8993],{"class":1270},[46,9429,94],{"class":60},[46,9431,9432],{"class":102},"pairs",[46,9434,106],{"class":60},[20,9436,9437],{},[3924,9438,143],{},[37,9440,9442],{"className":39,"code":9441,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9443,9444,9478],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9445,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9469,9471,9473,9476],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9447,1185],{"class":60},[46,9449,1188],{"class":426},[46,9451,1009],{"class":430},[46,9453,1188],{"class":426},[46,9455,198],{"class":60},[46,9457,1197],{"class":426},[46,9459,5178],{"class":430},[46,9461,1188],{"class":426},[46,9463,68],{"class":60},[46,9465,1197],{"class":426},[46,9467,9468],{"class":430},"age",[46,9470,1188],{"class":426},[46,9472,198],{"class":60},[46,9474,9475],{"class":64}," 25",[46,9477,1105],{"class":60},[46,9479,9480,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9481,1185],{"class":60},[46,9483,1188],{"class":426},[46,9485,501],{"class":430},[46,9487,1188],{"class":426},[46,9489,198],{"class":60},[46,9491,81],{"class":64},[46,9493,68],{"class":60},[46,9495,1197],{"class":426},[46,9497,4935],{"class":430},[46,9499,1188],{"class":426},[46,9501,198],{"class":60},[46,9503,71],{"class":64},[46,9505,1105],{"class":60},[20,9507,160,9508,9510],{},[15,9509,9292],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[32,9512,167,9514,170],{"id":9513},"what-dict-does",[15,9515,9292],{},[20,9517,9518,9520],{},[15,9519,9292],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9522,9523],{},"A dictionary:",[172,9525,9526,9529,9532],{},[175,9527,9528],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[175,9530,9531],{},"lets you look up values by key",[175,9533,9534],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9536,9537,9539],{},[15,9538,9292],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9541,9542],{},"Common uses include:",[172,9544,9545,9548,9551],{},[175,9546,9547],{},"making an empty dictionary",[175,9549,9550],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[175,9552,9553],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9555,9556,9557,507],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[501,9558,9560],{"href":9559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[32,9562,2343],{"id":2342},[20,9564,9565,9567],{},[15,9566,9292],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[283,9569,9571],{"id":9570},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[37,9573,9575],{"className":39,"code":9574,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9576,9577,9587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9578,9579,9581,9583,9585],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9580,1487],{"class":52},[46,9582,57],{"class":56},[46,9584,9342],{"class":1270},[46,9586,8814],{"class":60},[46,9588,9589,9591,9593,9595],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9590,91],{"class":90},[46,9592,94],{"class":60},[46,9594,1523],{"class":102},[46,9596,215],{"class":60},[20,9598,9599],{},[3924,9600,143],{},[37,9602,9604],{"className":39,"code":9603,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{}\n",[15,9605,9606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9607,9608],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9609,9603],{"class":60},[283,9611,9613],{"id":9612},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[37,9615,9617],{"className":39,"code":9616,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9618,9619,9653,9667],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9620,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9645,9647,9649,9651],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9622,9385],{"class":52},[46,9624,57],{"class":56},[46,9626,9390],{"class":60},[46,9628,1188],{"class":426},[46,9630,501],{"class":430},[46,9632,1188],{"class":426},[46,9634,68],{"class":60},[46,9636,81],{"class":64},[46,9638,9403],{"class":60},[46,9640,9406],{"class":60},[46,9642,1188],{"class":426},[46,9644,4935],{"class":430},[46,9646,1188],{"class":426},[46,9648,68],{"class":60},[46,9650,71],{"class":64},[46,9652,9419],{"class":60},[46,9654,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9656,1487],{"class":52},[46,9658,57],{"class":56},[46,9660,9342],{"class":1270},[46,9662,94],{"class":60},[46,9664,9432],{"class":102},[46,9666,215],{"class":60},[46,9668,9669,9671,9673,9675],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,9670,91],{"class":90},[46,9672,94],{"class":60},[46,9674,1523],{"class":102},[46,9676,215],{"class":60},[20,9678,9679],{},[3924,9680,143],{},[37,9682,9684],{"className":39,"code":9683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9685,9686],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9687,9688,9690,9692,9694,9696,9698,9700,9702,9704,9706,9708,9710,9712],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9689,1185],{"class":60},[46,9691,1188],{"class":426},[46,9693,501],{"class":430},[46,9695,1188],{"class":426},[46,9697,198],{"class":60},[46,9699,81],{"class":64},[46,9701,68],{"class":60},[46,9703,1197],{"class":426},[46,9705,4935],{"class":430},[46,9707,1188],{"class":426},[46,9709,198],{"class":60},[46,9711,71],{"class":64},[46,9713,1105],{"class":60},[283,9715,9717],{"id":9716},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[37,9719,9721],{"className":39,"code":9720,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9722,9723,9753],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9724,9725,9727,9729,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745,9747,9749,9751],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9726,1487],{"class":52},[46,9728,57],{"class":56},[46,9730,9342],{"class":1270},[46,9732,94],{"class":60},[46,9734,1009],{"class":254},[46,9736,57],{"class":56},[46,9738,1188],{"class":426},[46,9740,5178],{"class":430},[46,9742,1188],{"class":426},[46,9744,68],{"class":60},[46,9746,9359],{"class":254},[46,9748,57],{"class":56},[46,9750,9364],{"class":64},[46,9752,215],{"class":60},[46,9754,9755,9757,9759,9761],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9756,91],{"class":90},[46,9758,94],{"class":60},[46,9760,1523],{"class":102},[46,9762,215],{"class":60},[20,9764,9765],{},[3924,9766,143],{},[37,9768,9770],{"className":39,"code":9769,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9771,9772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9773,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9775,1185],{"class":60},[46,9777,1188],{"class":426},[46,9779,1009],{"class":430},[46,9781,1188],{"class":426},[46,9783,198],{"class":60},[46,9785,1197],{"class":426},[46,9787,5178],{"class":430},[46,9789,1188],{"class":426},[46,9791,68],{"class":60},[46,9793,1197],{"class":426},[46,9795,9468],{"class":430},[46,9797,1188],{"class":426},[46,9799,198],{"class":60},[46,9801,9475],{"class":64},[46,9803,1105],{"class":60},[283,9805,9807],{"id":9806},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9809,9810],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[37,9812,9814],{"className":39,"code":9813,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9815,9816,9857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9817,9818,9820,9822,9824,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9840,9842,9844,9846,9848,9851,9853,9855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9819,1487],{"class":52},[46,9821,57],{"class":56},[46,9823,9342],{"class":1270},[46,9825,9826],{"class":60},"([(",[46,9828,1188],{"class":426},[46,9830,501],{"class":430},[46,9832,1188],{"class":426},[46,9834,68],{"class":60},[46,9836,81],{"class":64},[46,9838,9839],{"class":60},")],",[46,9841,2746],{"class":254},[46,9843,57],{"class":56},[46,9845,2243],{"class":64},[46,9847,68],{"class":60},[46,9849,9850],{"class":254}," c",[46,9852,57],{"class":56},[46,9854,2249],{"class":64},[46,9856,215],{"class":60},[46,9858,9859,9861,9863,9865],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9860,91],{"class":90},[46,9862,94],{"class":60},[46,9864,1523],{"class":102},[46,9866,215],{"class":60},[20,9868,9869],{},[3924,9870,143],{},[37,9872,9874],{"className":39,"code":9873,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9875,9876],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9877,9878,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902,9904,9906,9909,9911,9913,9915],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9879,1185],{"class":60},[46,9881,1188],{"class":426},[46,9883,501],{"class":430},[46,9885,1188],{"class":426},[46,9887,198],{"class":60},[46,9889,81],{"class":64},[46,9891,68],{"class":60},[46,9893,1197],{"class":426},[46,9895,4935],{"class":430},[46,9897,1188],{"class":426},[46,9899,198],{"class":60},[46,9901,71],{"class":64},[46,9903,68],{"class":60},[46,9905,1197],{"class":426},[46,9907,9908],{"class":430},"c",[46,9910,1188],{"class":426},[46,9912,198],{"class":60},[46,9914,312],{"class":64},[46,9916,1105],{"class":60},[32,9918,9571],{"id":9919},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9921,160,9922,9924],{},[15,9923,9292],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[37,9926,9928],{"className":39,"code":9927,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9929,9930,9940,9954],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9931,9932,9934,9936,9938],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9933,1487],{"class":52},[46,9935,57],{"class":56},[46,9937,9342],{"class":1270},[46,9939,8814],{"class":60},[46,9941,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9943,91],{"class":90},[46,9945,94],{"class":60},[46,9947,1889],{"class":1270},[46,9949,94],{"class":60},[46,9951,1523],{"class":102},[46,9953,106],{"class":60},[46,9955,9956,9958,9960,9962],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,9957,91],{"class":90},[46,9959,94],{"class":60},[46,9961,1523],{"class":102},[46,9963,215],{"class":60},[20,9965,9966],{},[3924,9967,143],{},[37,9969,9971],{"className":39,"code":9970,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9972,9973,9987],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,9974,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,9976,3476],{"class":56},[46,9978,3479],{"class":1140},[46,9980,1197],{"class":426},[46,9982,8993],{"class":430},[46,9984,1188],{"class":426},[46,9986,3488],{"class":56},[46,9988,9989],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,9990,9603],{"class":60},[20,9992,9993],{},"This gives the same result as:",[37,9995,9997],{"className":39,"code":9996,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n",[15,9998,9999],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10000,10001,10003,10005],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10002,1487],{"class":52},[46,10004,57],{"class":56},[46,10006,10007],{"class":60}," {}\n",[20,10009,10010,10011,10013,10014,10017,10018,10020],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,10012,3973],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[10015,10016],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,10019,9292],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[32,10022,10024],{"id":10023},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,10026,10027,10028,507],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,10029,9292],{},[37,10031,10033],{"className":39,"code":10032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10034,10035,10073,10087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10036,10037,10039,10041,10043,10045,10047,10049,10051,10053,10055,10057,10059,10061,10063,10065,10067,10069,10071],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10038,9385],{"class":52},[46,10040,57],{"class":56},[46,10042,9390],{"class":60},[46,10044,1188],{"class":426},[46,10046,1009],{"class":430},[46,10048,1188],{"class":426},[46,10050,68],{"class":60},[46,10052,1197],{"class":426},[46,10054,5178],{"class":430},[46,10056,1188],{"class":426},[46,10058,9403],{"class":60},[46,10060,9406],{"class":60},[46,10062,1188],{"class":426},[46,10064,9468],{"class":430},[46,10066,1188],{"class":426},[46,10068,68],{"class":60},[46,10070,9475],{"class":64},[46,10072,9419],{"class":60},[46,10074,10075,10077,10079,10081,10083,10085],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10076,1487],{"class":52},[46,10078,57],{"class":56},[46,10080,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10082,94],{"class":60},[46,10084,9432],{"class":102},[46,10086,215],{"class":60},[46,10088,10089,10091,10093,10095],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,10090,91],{"class":90},[46,10092,94],{"class":60},[46,10094,1523],{"class":102},[46,10096,215],{"class":60},[20,10098,10099],{},[3924,10100,143],{},[37,10102,10103],{"className":39,"code":9769,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,10104,10105],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10106,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133,10135],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10108,1185],{"class":60},[46,10110,1188],{"class":426},[46,10112,1009],{"class":430},[46,10114,1188],{"class":426},[46,10116,198],{"class":60},[46,10118,1197],{"class":426},[46,10120,5178],{"class":430},[46,10122,1188],{"class":426},[46,10124,68],{"class":60},[46,10126,1197],{"class":426},[46,10128,9468],{"class":430},[46,10130,1188],{"class":426},[46,10132,198],{"class":60},[46,10134,9475],{"class":64},[46,10136,1105],{"class":60},[20,10138,10139],{},"Each pair becomes:",[172,10141,10142,10145],{},[175,10143,10144],{},"the first item as the key",[175,10146,10147],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10149,10150],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[37,10152,10154],{"className":39,"code":10153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10155,10156,10191,10205],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10157,10158,10160,10162,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10159,9385],{"class":52},[46,10161,57],{"class":56},[46,10163,10164],{"class":60}," ((",[46,10166,1188],{"class":426},[46,10168,501],{"class":430},[46,10170,1188],{"class":426},[46,10172,68],{"class":60},[46,10174,81],{"class":64},[46,10176,9403],{"class":60},[46,10178,9406],{"class":60},[46,10180,1188],{"class":426},[46,10182,4935],{"class":430},[46,10184,1188],{"class":426},[46,10186,68],{"class":60},[46,10188,71],{"class":64},[46,10190,106],{"class":60},[46,10192,10193,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10194,1487],{"class":52},[46,10196,57],{"class":56},[46,10198,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10200,94],{"class":60},[46,10202,9432],{"class":102},[46,10204,215],{"class":60},[46,10206,10207,10209,10211,10213],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,10208,91],{"class":90},[46,10210,94],{"class":60},[46,10212,1523],{"class":102},[46,10214,215],{"class":60},[20,10216,10217],{},[3924,10218,143],{},[37,10220,10221],{"className":39,"code":9683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,10222,10223],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10224,10225,10227,10229,10231,10233,10235,10237,10239,10241,10243,10245,10247,10249],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10226,1185],{"class":60},[46,10228,1188],{"class":426},[46,10230,501],{"class":430},[46,10232,1188],{"class":426},[46,10234,198],{"class":60},[46,10236,81],{"class":64},[46,10238,68],{"class":60},[46,10240,1197],{"class":426},[46,10242,4935],{"class":430},[46,10244,1188],{"class":426},[46,10246,198],{"class":60},[46,10248,71],{"class":64},[46,10250,1105],{"class":60},[20,10252,10253,10254,507],{},"Each item must contain ",[3924,10255,10256],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10258,3023],{},[37,10260,10262],{"className":39,"code":10261,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10263,10264,10304],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10265,10266,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10285,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10267,10268],{"class":52},"bad_data ",[46,10270,57],{"class":56},[46,10272,9390],{"class":60},[46,10274,1188],{"class":426},[46,10276,501],{"class":430},[46,10278,1188],{"class":426},[46,10280,68],{"class":60},[46,10282,81],{"class":64},[46,10284,68],{"class":60},[46,10286,10287],{"class":64}," 100",[46,10289,9403],{"class":60},[46,10291,9406],{"class":60},[46,10293,1188],{"class":426},[46,10295,4935],{"class":430},[46,10297,1188],{"class":426},[46,10299,68],{"class":60},[46,10301,71],{"class":64},[46,10303,9419],{"class":60},[46,10305,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10317],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10307,2416],{"class":52},[46,10309,57],{"class":56},[46,10311,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10313,94],{"class":60},[46,10315,10316],{"class":102},"bad_data",[46,10318,215],{"class":60},[20,10320,10321,10322,10325],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10323,10324],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10327,10328],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[37,10330,10332],{"className":39,"code":10331,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10333,10334,10383,10397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10335,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10337,9385],{"class":52},[46,10339,57],{"class":56},[46,10341,9390],{"class":60},[46,10343,1188],{"class":426},[46,10345,501],{"class":430},[46,10347,1188],{"class":426},[46,10349,68],{"class":60},[46,10351,81],{"class":64},[46,10353,9403],{"class":60},[46,10355,9406],{"class":60},[46,10357,1188],{"class":426},[46,10359,501],{"class":430},[46,10361,1188],{"class":426},[46,10363,68],{"class":60},[46,10365,10366],{"class":64}," 99",[46,10368,9403],{"class":60},[46,10370,9406],{"class":60},[46,10372,1188],{"class":426},[46,10374,4935],{"class":430},[46,10376,1188],{"class":426},[46,10378,68],{"class":60},[46,10380,71],{"class":64},[46,10382,9419],{"class":60},[46,10384,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10386,1487],{"class":52},[46,10388,57],{"class":56},[46,10390,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10392,94],{"class":60},[46,10394,9432],{"class":102},[46,10396,215],{"class":60},[46,10398,10399,10401,10403,10405],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,10400,91],{"class":90},[46,10402,94],{"class":60},[46,10404,1523],{"class":102},[46,10406,215],{"class":60},[20,10408,10409],{},[3924,10410,143],{},[37,10412,10414],{"className":39,"code":10413,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10415,10416],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10417,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10419,1185],{"class":60},[46,10421,1188],{"class":426},[46,10423,501],{"class":430},[46,10425,1188],{"class":426},[46,10427,198],{"class":60},[46,10429,10366],{"class":64},[46,10431,68],{"class":60},[46,10433,1197],{"class":426},[46,10435,4935],{"class":430},[46,10437,1188],{"class":426},[46,10439,198],{"class":60},[46,10441,71],{"class":64},[46,10443,1105],{"class":60},[32,10445,10447],{"id":10446},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10449,10450],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[37,10452,10453],{"className":39,"code":9720,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,10454,10455,10485],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10456,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10458,1487],{"class":52},[46,10460,57],{"class":56},[46,10462,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10464,94],{"class":60},[46,10466,1009],{"class":254},[46,10468,57],{"class":56},[46,10470,1188],{"class":426},[46,10472,5178],{"class":430},[46,10474,1188],{"class":426},[46,10476,68],{"class":60},[46,10478,9359],{"class":254},[46,10480,57],{"class":56},[46,10482,9364],{"class":64},[46,10484,215],{"class":60},[46,10486,10487,10489,10491,10493],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10488,91],{"class":90},[46,10490,94],{"class":60},[46,10492,1523],{"class":102},[46,10494,215],{"class":60},[20,10496,10497],{},[3924,10498,143],{},[37,10500,10501],{"className":39,"code":9769,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,10502,10503],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10504,10505,10507,10509,10511,10513,10515,10517,10519,10521,10523,10525,10527,10529,10531,10533],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10506,1185],{"class":60},[46,10508,1188],{"class":426},[46,10510,1009],{"class":430},[46,10512,1188],{"class":426},[46,10514,198],{"class":60},[46,10516,1197],{"class":426},[46,10518,5178],{"class":430},[46,10520,1188],{"class":426},[46,10522,68],{"class":60},[46,10524,1197],{"class":426},[46,10526,9468],{"class":430},[46,10528,1188],{"class":426},[46,10530,198],{"class":60},[46,10532,9475],{"class":64},[46,10534,1105],{"class":60},[20,10536,10537],{},"In this form:",[172,10539,10540,10548],{},[175,10541,10542,10544,10545],{},[15,10543,1009],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10546,10547],{},"'name'",[175,10549,10550,10544,10552],{},[15,10551,9468],{},[15,10553,10554],{},"'age'",[20,10556,10557],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10559,10560],{},"Valid examples:",[37,10562,10564],{"className":39,"code":10563,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10565,10566,10604],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10567,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10579,10581,10583,10586,10588,10590,10593,10595,10597,10600,10602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10569,1487],{"class":52},[46,10571,57],{"class":56},[46,10573,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10575,94],{"class":60},[46,10577,10578],{"class":254},"city",[46,10580,57],{"class":56},[46,10582,1188],{"class":426},[46,10584,10585],{"class":430},"Paris",[46,10587,1188],{"class":426},[46,10589,68],{"class":60},[46,10591,10592],{"class":254}," country",[46,10594,57],{"class":56},[46,10596,1188],{"class":426},[46,10598,10599],{"class":430},"France",[46,10601,1188],{"class":426},[46,10603,215],{"class":60},[46,10605,10606,10608,10610,10612],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10607,91],{"class":90},[46,10609,94],{"class":60},[46,10611,1523],{"class":102},[46,10613,215],{"class":60},[20,10615,10616],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[172,10618,10619,10622,10625],{},[175,10620,10621],{},"spaces",[175,10623,10624],{},"hyphens",[175,10626,10627],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10629,10630,10631,10634],{},"For example, this is ",[3924,10632,10633],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[37,10636,10638],{"className":39,"code":10637,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10639,10640],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10641,10642],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10643,10637],{"class":3845},[20,10645,10646],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[37,10648,10650],{"className":39,"code":10649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10651,10652,10695],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10653,10654,10656,10658,10661,10663,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10683,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10655,1487],{"class":52},[46,10657,57],{"class":56},[46,10659,10660],{"class":60}," {",[46,10662,1188],{"class":426},[46,10664,10665],{"class":430},"first-name",[46,10667,1188],{"class":426},[46,10669,198],{"class":60},[46,10671,1197],{"class":426},[46,10673,7849],{"class":430},[46,10675,1188],{"class":426},[46,10677,68],{"class":60},[46,10679,1197],{"class":426},[46,10681,10682],{"class":430},"first name",[46,10684,1188],{"class":426},[46,10686,198],{"class":60},[46,10688,1197],{"class":426},[46,10690,7849],{"class":430},[46,10692,1188],{"class":426},[46,10694,1105],{"class":60},[46,10696,10697,10699,10701,10703],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10698,91],{"class":90},[46,10700,94],{"class":60},[46,10702,1523],{"class":102},[46,10704,215],{"class":60},[20,10706,10707],{},[3924,10708,143],{},[37,10710,10712],{"className":39,"code":10711,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10713,10714],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10715,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10717,1185],{"class":60},[46,10719,1188],{"class":426},[46,10721,10665],{"class":430},[46,10723,1188],{"class":426},[46,10725,198],{"class":60},[46,10727,1197],{"class":426},[46,10729,7849],{"class":430},[46,10731,1188],{"class":426},[46,10733,68],{"class":60},[46,10735,1197],{"class":426},[46,10737,10682],{"class":430},[46,10739,1188],{"class":426},[46,10741,198],{"class":60},[46,10743,1197],{"class":426},[46,10745,7849],{"class":430},[46,10747,1188],{"class":426},[46,10749,1105],{"class":60},[32,10751,10753,10755,10756],{"id":10752},"dict-vs",[15,10754,9292],{}," vs ",[15,10757,3973],{},[20,10759,10760,10761,2051,10763,10765],{},"Both ",[15,10762,9292],{},[15,10764,3973],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[283,10767,160,10769,1801],{"id":10768},"use-when",[15,10770,3973],{},[172,10772,10773,10776],{},[175,10774,10775],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[175,10777,10778],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[37,10780,10781],{"className":39,"code":9996,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,10782,10783],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10784,10785,10787,10789],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10786,1487],{"class":52},[46,10788,57],{"class":56},[46,10790,10007],{"class":60},[283,10792,160,10794,1801],{"id":10793},"use-dict-when",[15,10795,9292],{},[172,10797,10798,10801,10804],{},[175,10799,10800],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[175,10802,10803],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[175,10805,10806],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[37,10808,10810],{"className":39,"code":10809,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10811,10812,10849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10813,10814,10816,10818,10820,10822,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10815,1487],{"class":52},[46,10817,57],{"class":56},[46,10819,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10821,9826],{"class":60},[46,10823,1188],{"class":426},[46,10825,501],{"class":430},[46,10827,1188],{"class":426},[46,10829,68],{"class":60},[46,10831,81],{"class":64},[46,10833,9403],{"class":60},[46,10835,9406],{"class":60},[46,10837,1188],{"class":426},[46,10839,4935],{"class":430},[46,10841,1188],{"class":426},[46,10843,68],{"class":60},[46,10845,71],{"class":64},[46,10847,10848],{"class":60},")])\n",[46,10850,10851,10854,10856,10858,10860,10862,10864,10866,10868,10870,10872,10874,10876,10878],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10852,10853],{"class":52},"info ",[46,10855,57],{"class":56},[46,10857,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10859,94],{"class":60},[46,10861,1009],{"class":254},[46,10863,57],{"class":56},[46,10865,1188],{"class":426},[46,10867,5178],{"class":430},[46,10869,1188],{"class":426},[46,10871,68],{"class":60},[46,10873,9359],{"class":254},[46,10875,57],{"class":56},[46,10877,9364],{"class":64},[46,10879,215],{"class":60},[20,10881,10882],{},"So:",[172,10884,10885,10890],{},[175,10886,10887,10889],{},[15,10888,3973],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[175,10891,10892,10894],{},[15,10893,9292],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10896,10897,10898,10902,10903,507],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[501,10899,10901],{"href":10900},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[501,10904,10906,10907,10910],{"href":10905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10908,10909],{},"get()"," method",[32,10912,1372],{"id":1371},[20,10914,10915,10916,507],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10917,9292],{},[283,10919,10921],{"id":10920},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10923,4700],{},[37,10925,10927],{"className":39,"code":10926,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10928,10929,10953],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10930,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10932,1398],{"class":52},[46,10934,57],{"class":56},[46,10936,61],{"class":60},[46,10938,1188],{"class":426},[46,10940,501],{"class":430},[46,10942,1188],{"class":426},[46,10944,68],{"class":60},[46,10946,1197],{"class":426},[46,10948,4935],{"class":430},[46,10950,1188],{"class":426},[46,10952,84],{"class":60},[46,10954,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,10956,1487],{"class":52},[46,10958,57],{"class":56},[46,10960,9342],{"class":1270},[46,10962,94],{"class":60},[46,10964,1415],{"class":102},[46,10966,215],{"class":60},[20,10968,10969,10970,507],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10971,10972],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10974,10975],{},"Correct version:",[37,10977,10979],{"className":39,"code":10978,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10980,10981,11015,11029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,10982,10983,10985,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,10984,1398],{"class":52},[46,10986,57],{"class":56},[46,10988,9390],{"class":60},[46,10990,1188],{"class":426},[46,10992,501],{"class":430},[46,10994,1188],{"class":426},[46,10996,68],{"class":60},[46,10998,81],{"class":64},[46,11000,9403],{"class":60},[46,11002,9406],{"class":60},[46,11004,1188],{"class":426},[46,11006,4935],{"class":430},[46,11008,1188],{"class":426},[46,11010,68],{"class":60},[46,11012,71],{"class":64},[46,11014,9419],{"class":60},[46,11016,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11018,1487],{"class":52},[46,11020,57],{"class":56},[46,11022,9342],{"class":1270},[46,11024,94],{"class":60},[46,11026,1415],{"class":102},[46,11028,215],{"class":60},[46,11030,11031,11033,11035,11037],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,11032,91],{"class":90},[46,11034,94],{"class":60},[46,11036,1523],{"class":102},[46,11038,215],{"class":60},[283,11040,11042],{"id":11041},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11044,11045],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[37,11047,11049],{"className":39,"code":11048,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11050,11051],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11052,11053],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11054,11048],{"class":3845},[20,11056,11057,11058,198],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11059,57],{},[37,11061,11063],{"className":39,"code":11062,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11064,11065,11087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11066,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11068,1487],{"class":52},[46,11070,57],{"class":56},[46,11072,9342],{"class":1270},[46,11074,94],{"class":60},[46,11076,1009],{"class":254},[46,11078,57],{"class":56},[46,11080,1188],{"class":426},[46,11082,5178],{"class":430},[46,11084,1188],{"class":426},[46,11086,215],{"class":60},[46,11088,11089,11091,11093,11095],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11090,91],{"class":90},[46,11092,94],{"class":60},[46,11094,1523],{"class":102},[46,11096,215],{"class":60},[283,11098,11100],{"id":11099},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11102,11103],{},"This will not work:",[37,11105,11106],{"className":39,"code":10637,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,11107,11108],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11109,11110],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11111,10637],{"class":3845},[20,11113,11114],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[37,11116,11118],{"className":39,"code":11117,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11119,11120,11144],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11121,11122,11124,11126,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138,11140,11142],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11123,1487],{"class":52},[46,11125,57],{"class":56},[46,11127,10660],{"class":60},[46,11129,1188],{"class":426},[46,11131,10665],{"class":430},[46,11133,1188],{"class":426},[46,11135,198],{"class":60},[46,11137,1197],{"class":426},[46,11139,7849],{"class":430},[46,11141,1188],{"class":426},[46,11143,1105],{"class":60},[46,11145,11146,11148,11150,11152],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11147,91],{"class":90},[46,11149,94],{"class":60},[46,11151,1523],{"class":102},[46,11153,215],{"class":60},[283,11155,11157],{"id":11156},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11159,11160],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[37,11162,11164],{"className":39,"code":11163,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11165,11166,11202],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11167,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11169,1487],{"class":52},[46,11171,57],{"class":56},[46,11173,9342],{"class":1270},[46,11175,9826],{"class":60},[46,11177,1188],{"class":426},[46,11179,1589],{"class":430},[46,11181,1188],{"class":426},[46,11183,68],{"class":60},[46,11185,81],{"class":64},[46,11187,9403],{"class":60},[46,11189,9406],{"class":60},[46,11191,1188],{"class":426},[46,11193,1589],{"class":430},[46,11195,1188],{"class":426},[46,11197,68],{"class":60},[46,11199,71],{"class":64},[46,11201,10848],{"class":60},[46,11203,11204,11206,11208,11210],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11205,91],{"class":90},[46,11207,94],{"class":60},[46,11209,1523],{"class":102},[46,11211,215],{"class":60},[20,11213,11214],{},[3924,11215,143],{},[37,11217,11219],{"className":39,"code":11218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11220,11221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11222,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11224,1185],{"class":60},[46,11226,1188],{"class":426},[46,11228,1589],{"class":430},[46,11230,1188],{"class":426},[46,11232,198],{"class":60},[46,11234,71],{"class":64},[46,11236,1105],{"class":60},[20,11238,11239,11240,507],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[501,11241,11243],{"href":11242},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[32,11245,1834],{"id":1833},[20,11247,11248,11249,11251],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11250,9292],{}," include:",[172,11253,11254,11264,11270,11273],{},[175,11255,11256,11257,11260,11261],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11258,11259],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11262,11263],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[175,11265,11266,11267],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11268,11269],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[175,11271,11272],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[175,11274,11275,11276,11278],{},"confusing ",[15,11277,9292],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11280,11281],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[37,11283,11285],{"className":39,"code":11284,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11286,11287,11301,11311,11322],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11288,11289,11291,11293,11295,11297,11299],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11290,91],{"class":90},[46,11292,94],{"class":60},[46,11294,1889],{"class":1270},[46,11296,94],{"class":60},[46,11298,1523],{"class":102},[46,11300,106],{"class":60},[46,11302,11303,11305,11307,11309],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11304,91],{"class":90},[46,11306,94],{"class":60},[46,11308,1523],{"class":102},[46,11310,215],{"class":60},[46,11312,11313,11315,11317,11320],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,11314,91],{"class":90},[46,11316,94],{"class":60},[46,11318,11319],{"class":102},"list_of_pairs",[46,11321,215],{"class":60},[46,11323,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,11325,91],{"class":90},[46,11327,94],{"class":60},[46,11329,476],{"class":90},[46,11331,94],{"class":60},[46,11333,11319],{"class":102},[46,11335,106],{"class":60},[20,11337,11338],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[172,11340,11341,11344,11347],{},[175,11342,11343],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[175,11345,11346],{},"what data is being passed in",[175,11348,11349],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[32,11351,1991],{"id":1990},[283,11353,2048,11355,2051,11357,2035],{"id":11354},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11356,9292],{},[15,11358,3973],{},[20,11360,11361,11363,11364,11366],{},[15,11362,3973],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11365,9292],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[283,11368,2005,11370,11372],{"id":11369},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11371,9292],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11374,11375,11376,507],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11377,11263],{},[283,11379,5330,11381,11384],{"id":11380},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11382,11383],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11386,11387],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[283,11389,11391,11392,11394],{"id":11390},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11393,9292],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11396,11397,11398,11401],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11399,11400],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[32,11403,2065],{"id":2064},[172,11405,11406,11411,11415,11420,11426],{},[175,11407,11408],{},[501,11409,11410],{"href":9559},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[175,11412,11413],{},[501,11414,9328],{"href":9327},[175,11416,11417],{},[501,11418,11419],{"href":10900},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[175,11421,11422],{},[501,11423,10906,11424,10910],{"href":10905},[15,11425,10909],{},[175,11427,11428],{},[501,11429,11430],{"href":11242},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2103,11432,11433],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":11435},[11436,11438,11444,11445,11446,11447,11454,11460,11461,11471],{"id":9513,"depth":87,"text":11437},"What dict() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":11439},[11440,11441,11442,11443],{"id":9570,"depth":109,"text":9571},{"id":9612,"depth":109,"text":9613},{"id":9716,"depth":109,"text":9717},{"id":9806,"depth":109,"text":9807},{"id":9919,"depth":87,"text":9571},{"id":10023,"depth":87,"text":10024},{"id":10446,"depth":87,"text":10447},{"id":10752,"depth":87,"text":11448,"children":11449},"dict() vs {}",[11450,11452],{"id":10768,"depth":109,"text":11451},"Use {} when:",{"id":10793,"depth":109,"text":11453},"Use dict() when:",{"id":1371,"depth":87,"text":1372,"children":11455},[11456,11457,11458,11459],{"id":10920,"depth":109,"text":10921},{"id":11041,"depth":109,"text":11042},{"id":11099,"depth":109,"text":11100},{"id":11156,"depth":109,"text":11157},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":11462},[11463,11465,11467,11469],{"id":11354,"depth":109,"text":11464},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11369,"depth":109,"text":11466},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11380,"depth":109,"text":11468},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11390,"depth":109,"text":11470},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9284,"description":11472},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11479,"title":11480,"body":11481,"description":12990,"extension":2150,"meta":12991,"navigation":112,"path":12992,"seo":12993,"stem":12994,"__hash__":12995},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11482,"toc":12959},[11483,11491,11497,11504,11506,11567,11572,11577,11582,11600,11603,11607,11609,11625,11627,11640,11644,11647,11781,11783,11850,11853,11869,11875,11881,11884,11966,11968,11981,11985,11991,12056,12058,12066,12069,12092,12098,12161,12167,12170,12184,12197,12201,12212,12217,12228,12235,12239,12245,12366,12368,12394,12397,12414,12417,12528,12530,12579,12581,12594,12603,12608,12613,12624,12626,12729,12752,12754,12758,12777,12780,12838,12841,12867,12869,12876,12879,12885,12889,12896,12904,12910,12913,12915,12956],[10,11484,11486,11487,11490],{"id":11485},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11488,11489],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11492,11493,11496],{},[15,11494,11495],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11498,11499,11500,11503],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3924,11501,11502],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[32,11505,35],{"id":34},[37,11507,11509],{"className":39,"code":11508,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11510,11511,11543,11554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11512,11513,11515,11517,11519,11521,11523,11525,11527,11529,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11514,1487],{"class":52},[46,11516,57],{"class":56},[46,11518,10660],{"class":60},[46,11520,427],{"class":426},[46,11522,501],{"class":430},[46,11524,427],{"class":426},[46,11526,198],{"class":60},[46,11528,81],{"class":64},[46,11530,68],{"class":60},[46,11532,438],{"class":426},[46,11534,4935],{"class":430},[46,11536,427],{"class":426},[46,11538,198],{"class":60},[46,11540,71],{"class":64},[46,11542,1105],{"class":60},[46,11544,11545,11547,11549,11552],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11546,1523],{"class":52},[46,11548,507],{"class":60},[46,11550,11551],{"class":102},"clear",[46,11553,8814],{"class":60},[46,11555,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,11557,91],{"class":90},[46,11559,94],{"class":60},[46,11561,1523],{"class":102},[46,11563,1592],{"class":60},[46,11565,11566],{"class":3845},"  # {}\n",[20,11568,11569,11571],{},[15,11570,11489],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[32,11573,167,11575,170],{"id":11574},"what-clear-does",[15,11576,11489],{},[20,11578,882,11579,11581],{},[15,11580,11489],{}," method:",[172,11583,11584,11587,11590,11595],{},[175,11585,11586],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[175,11588,11589],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[175,11591,11592,11593],{},"Returns ",[15,11594,1326],{},[175,11596,11597,11598],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11599,3973],{},[20,11601,11602],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11604,9324,11605,507],{},[501,11606,9328],{"href":9327},[32,11608,2343],{"id":2342},[37,11610,11612],{"className":39,"code":11611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11613,11614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11615,11616,11619,11621,11623],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11617,11618],{"class":52},"my_dict",[46,11620,507],{"class":60},[46,11622,11551],{"class":102},[46,11624,8814],{"class":60},[20,11626,888],{},[172,11628,11629,11634,11637],{},[175,11630,11631,11633],{},[15,11632,11489],{}," takes no arguments",[175,11635,11636],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[175,11638,11639],{},"It empties that dictionary",[32,11641,11643],{"id":11642},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11645,11646],{},"Here is a basic example:",[37,11648,11650],{"className":39,"code":11649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11651,11652,11662,11683,11697,11714,11718,11722,11742,11746,11757,11761],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11653,11654,11657,11659],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11655,11656],{"class":52},"user ",[46,11658,57],{"class":56},[46,11660,11661],{"class":60}," {\n",[46,11663,11664,11667,11669,11671,11673,11675,11678,11680],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11665,11666],{"class":426},"    \"",[46,11668,1009],{"class":430},[46,11670,427],{"class":426},[46,11672,198],{"class":60},[46,11674,438],{"class":426},[46,11676,11677],{"class":430},"Maya",[46,11679,427],{"class":426},[46,11681,11682],{"class":60},",\n",[46,11684,11685,11687,11689,11691,11693,11695],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,11686,11666],{"class":426},[46,11688,9468],{"class":430},[46,11690,427],{"class":426},[46,11692,198],{"class":60},[46,11694,9475],{"class":64},[46,11696,11682],{"class":60},[46,11698,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709,11712],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,11700,11666],{"class":426},[46,11702,10578],{"class":430},[46,11704,427],{"class":426},[46,11706,198],{"class":60},[46,11708,438],{"class":426},[46,11710,11711],{"class":430},"Berlin",[46,11713,3544],{"class":426},[46,11715,11716],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,11717,1105],{"class":60},[46,11719,11720],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,11721,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,11723,11724,11726,11728,11730,11733,11735,11737,11740],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,11725,91],{"class":90},[46,11727,94],{"class":60},[46,11729,427],{"class":426},[46,11731,11732],{"class":430},"Before:",[46,11734,427],{"class":426},[46,11736,68],{"class":60},[46,11738,11739],{"class":102}," user",[46,11741,215],{"class":60},[46,11743,11744],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,11745,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,11747,11748,11751,11753,11755],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,11749,11750],{"class":52},"user",[46,11752,507],{"class":60},[46,11754,11551],{"class":102},[46,11756,8814],{"class":60},[46,11758,11759],{"class":48,"line":6608},[46,11760,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770,11773,11775,11777,11779],{"class":48,"line":11763},11,[46,11765,91],{"class":90},[46,11767,94],{"class":60},[46,11769,427],{"class":426},[46,11771,11772],{"class":430},"After:",[46,11774,427],{"class":426},[46,11776,68],{"class":60},[46,11778,11739],{"class":102},[46,11780,215],{"class":60},[20,11782,5731],{},[37,11784,11786],{"className":39,"code":11785,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11787,11788,11841],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11789,11790,11793,11795,11797,11799,11801,11803,11805,11807,11809,11811,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11791,11792],{"class":52},"Before",[46,11794,198],{"class":60},[46,11796,10660],{"class":60},[46,11798,1188],{"class":426},[46,11800,1009],{"class":430},[46,11802,1188],{"class":426},[46,11804,198],{"class":60},[46,11806,1197],{"class":426},[46,11808,11677],{"class":430},[46,11810,1188],{"class":426},[46,11812,68],{"class":60},[46,11814,1197],{"class":426},[46,11816,9468],{"class":430},[46,11818,1188],{"class":426},[46,11820,198],{"class":60},[46,11822,9475],{"class":64},[46,11824,68],{"class":60},[46,11826,1197],{"class":426},[46,11828,10578],{"class":430},[46,11830,1188],{"class":426},[46,11832,198],{"class":60},[46,11834,1197],{"class":426},[46,11836,11711],{"class":430},[46,11838,1188],{"class":426},[46,11840,1105],{"class":60},[46,11842,11843,11846,11848],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11844,11845],{"class":52},"After",[46,11847,198],{"class":60},[46,11849,10007],{"class":60},[20,11851,11852],{},"What happens here:",[172,11854,11855,11860,11866],{},[175,11856,11857,11859],{},[15,11858,11750],{}," starts with three items",[175,11861,11862,11865],{},[15,11863,11864],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[175,11867,11868],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[32,11870,167,11872,11874],{"id":11871},"what-clear-returns",[15,11873,11489],{}," returns",[20,11876,11877,2583,11879,507],{},[15,11878,11489],{},[15,11880,1326],{},[20,11882,11883],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[37,11885,11887],{"className":39,"code":11886,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11888,11889,11923,11927,11942,11946,11956],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11890,11891,11894,11896,11898,11900,11902,11904,11906,11908,11910,11912,11915,11917,11919,11921],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11892,11893],{"class":52},"my_dict ",[46,11895,57],{"class":56},[46,11897,10660],{"class":60},[46,11899,427],{"class":426},[46,11901,1589],{"class":430},[46,11903,427],{"class":426},[46,11905,198],{"class":60},[46,11907,81],{"class":64},[46,11909,68],{"class":60},[46,11911,438],{"class":426},[46,11913,11914],{"class":430},"y",[46,11916,427],{"class":426},[46,11918,198],{"class":60},[46,11920,71],{"class":64},[46,11922,1105],{"class":60},[46,11924,11925],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11926,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,11928,11929,11931,11933,11936,11938,11940],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,11930,2416],{"class":52},[46,11932,57],{"class":56},[46,11934,11935],{"class":52}," my_dict",[46,11937,507],{"class":60},[46,11939,11551],{"class":102},[46,11941,8814],{"class":60},[46,11943,11944],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,11945,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,11947,11948,11950,11952,11954],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,11949,91],{"class":90},[46,11951,94],{"class":60},[46,11953,2451],{"class":102},[46,11955,215],{"class":60},[46,11957,11958,11960,11962,11964],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,11959,91],{"class":90},[46,11961,94],{"class":60},[46,11963,11618],{"class":102},[46,11965,215],{"class":60},[20,11967,143],{},[37,11969,11971],{"className":39,"code":11970,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n{}\n",[15,11972,11973,11977],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11974,11975],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11976,1333],{"class":1325},[46,11978,11979],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,11980,9603],{"class":60},[283,11982,11984],{"id":11983},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11986,11987,11988,11990],{},"Do ",[3924,11989,4805],{}," do this:",[37,11992,11994],{"className":39,"code":11993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11995,11996,12028,12042,12046],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,11997,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014,12016,12018,12020,12022,12024,12026],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,11999,11893],{"class":52},[46,12001,57],{"class":56},[46,12003,10660],{"class":60},[46,12005,427],{"class":426},[46,12007,1589],{"class":430},[46,12009,427],{"class":426},[46,12011,198],{"class":60},[46,12013,81],{"class":64},[46,12015,68],{"class":60},[46,12017,438],{"class":426},[46,12019,11914],{"class":430},[46,12021,427],{"class":426},[46,12023,198],{"class":60},[46,12025,71],{"class":64},[46,12027,1105],{"class":60},[46,12029,12030,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12031,11893],{"class":52},[46,12033,57],{"class":56},[46,12035,11935],{"class":52},[46,12037,507],{"class":60},[46,12039,11551],{"class":102},[46,12041,8814],{"class":60},[46,12043,12044],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12045,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12047,12048,12050,12052,12054],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,12049,91],{"class":90},[46,12051,94],{"class":60},[46,12053,11618],{"class":102},[46,12055,215],{"class":60},[20,12057,143],{},[37,12059,12060],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,12061,12062],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12063,12064],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12065,1333],{"class":1325},[20,12067,12068],{},"Why this happens:",[172,12070,12071,12077,12082],{},[175,12072,12073,12076],{},[15,12074,12075],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[175,12078,12079,12080],{},"The method returns ",[15,12081,1326],{},[175,12083,12084,12085,12088,12089,12091],{},"Then ",[15,12086,12087],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12090,1326],{}," in the variable",[20,12093,12094,12095,12097],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12096,11489],{}," by itself:",[37,12099,12101],{"className":39,"code":12100,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12102,12103,12135,12145,12149],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12104,12105,12107,12109,12111,12113,12115,12117,12119,12121,12123,12125,12127,12129,12131,12133],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12106,11893],{"class":52},[46,12108,57],{"class":56},[46,12110,10660],{"class":60},[46,12112,427],{"class":426},[46,12114,1589],{"class":430},[46,12116,427],{"class":426},[46,12118,198],{"class":60},[46,12120,81],{"class":64},[46,12122,68],{"class":60},[46,12124,438],{"class":426},[46,12126,11914],{"class":430},[46,12128,427],{"class":426},[46,12130,198],{"class":60},[46,12132,71],{"class":64},[46,12134,1105],{"class":60},[46,12136,12137,12139,12141,12143],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12138,11618],{"class":52},[46,12140,507],{"class":60},[46,12142,11551],{"class":102},[46,12144,8814],{"class":60},[46,12146,12147],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12148,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12150,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,12152,91],{"class":90},[46,12154,94],{"class":60},[46,12156,11618],{"class":102},[46,12158,1592],{"class":60},[46,12160,11566],{"class":3845},[32,12162,12164,12166],{"id":12163},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12165,11489],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12168,12169],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[37,12171,12172],{"className":39,"code":11611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,12173,12174],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12175,12176,12178,12180,12182],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12177,11618],{"class":52},[46,12179,507],{"class":60},[46,12181,11551],{"class":102},[46,12183,8814],{"class":60},[37,12185,12187],{"className":39,"code":12186,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12188,12189],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12190,12191,12193,12195],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12192,11893],{"class":52},[46,12194,57],{"class":56},[46,12196,10007],{"class":60},[283,12198,12199],{"id":11551},[15,12200,11489],{},[172,12202,12203,12206,12209],{},[175,12204,12205],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[175,12207,12208],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[175,12210,12211],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[283,12213,12214],{"id":11618},[15,12215,12216],{},"my_dict = {}",[172,12218,12219,12222,12225],{},[175,12220,12221],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[175,12223,12224],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[175,12226,12227],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12229,12230,12231,507],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[501,12232,12234],{"href":12233},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[32,12236,12238],{"id":12237},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12240,12241,12242,12244],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12243,11489],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[37,12246,12248],{"className":39,"code":12247,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12249,12250,12283,12293,12297,12308,12312,12332,12352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12251,12252,12255,12257,12259,12261,12263,12265,12267,12269,12271,12273,12275,12277,12279,12281],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12253,12254],{"class":52},"original ",[46,12256,57],{"class":56},[46,12258,10660],{"class":60},[46,12260,427],{"class":426},[46,12262,501],{"class":430},[46,12264,427],{"class":426},[46,12266,198],{"class":60},[46,12268,81],{"class":64},[46,12270,68],{"class":60},[46,12272,438],{"class":426},[46,12274,4935],{"class":430},[46,12276,427],{"class":426},[46,12278,198],{"class":60},[46,12280,71],{"class":64},[46,12282,1105],{"class":60},[46,12284,12285,12288,12290],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12286,12287],{"class":52},"other_ref ",[46,12289,57],{"class":56},[46,12291,12292],{"class":52}," original\n",[46,12294,12295],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12296,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12298,12299,12302,12304,12306],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,12300,12301],{"class":52},"original",[46,12303,507],{"class":60},[46,12305,11551],{"class":102},[46,12307,8814],{"class":60},[46,12309,12310],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,12311,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12313,12314,12316,12318,12320,12323,12325,12327,12330],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,12315,91],{"class":90},[46,12317,94],{"class":60},[46,12319,427],{"class":426},[46,12321,12322],{"class":430},"original:",[46,12324,427],{"class":426},[46,12326,68],{"class":60},[46,12328,12329],{"class":102}," original",[46,12331,215],{"class":60},[46,12333,12334,12336,12338,12340,12343,12345,12347,12350],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,12335,91],{"class":90},[46,12337,94],{"class":60},[46,12339,427],{"class":426},[46,12341,12342],{"class":430},"other_ref:",[46,12344,427],{"class":426},[46,12346,68],{"class":60},[46,12348,12349],{"class":102}," other_ref",[46,12351,215],{"class":60},[46,12353,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,12355,91],{"class":90},[46,12357,94],{"class":60},[46,12359,12254],{"class":102},[46,12361,1283],{"class":1595},[46,12363,12349],{"class":102},[46,12365,215],{"class":60},[20,12367,143],{},[37,12369,12371],{"className":39,"code":12370,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12372,12373,12381,12390],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12374,12375,12377,12379],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12376,12301],{"class":52},[46,12378,198],{"class":60},[46,12380,10007],{"class":60},[46,12382,12383,12386,12388],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12384,12385],{"class":52},"other_ref",[46,12387,198],{"class":60},[46,12389,10007],{"class":60},[46,12391,12392],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12393,4157],{"class":1325},[20,12395,12396],{},"This shows:",[172,12398,12399,12406,12411],{},[175,12400,12401,2051,12403,12405],{},[15,12402,12301],{},[15,12404,12385],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[175,12407,12408,12410],{},[15,12409,11489],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[175,12412,12413],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12415,12416],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[37,12418,12420],{"className":39,"code":12419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12421,12422,12454,12462,12466,12474,12478,12496,12514],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12423,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432,12434,12436,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12425,12254],{"class":52},[46,12427,57],{"class":56},[46,12429,10660],{"class":60},[46,12431,427],{"class":426},[46,12433,501],{"class":430},[46,12435,427],{"class":426},[46,12437,198],{"class":60},[46,12439,81],{"class":64},[46,12441,68],{"class":60},[46,12443,438],{"class":426},[46,12445,4935],{"class":430},[46,12447,427],{"class":426},[46,12449,198],{"class":60},[46,12451,71],{"class":64},[46,12453,1105],{"class":60},[46,12455,12456,12458,12460],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12457,12287],{"class":52},[46,12459,57],{"class":56},[46,12461,12292],{"class":52},[46,12463,12464],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12465,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12467,12468,12470,12472],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,12469,12254],{"class":52},[46,12471,57],{"class":56},[46,12473,10007],{"class":60},[46,12475,12476],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,12477,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12479,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490,12492,12494],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,12481,91],{"class":90},[46,12483,94],{"class":60},[46,12485,427],{"class":426},[46,12487,12322],{"class":430},[46,12489,427],{"class":426},[46,12491,68],{"class":60},[46,12493,12329],{"class":102},[46,12495,215],{"class":60},[46,12497,12498,12500,12502,12504,12506,12508,12510,12512],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,12499,91],{"class":90},[46,12501,94],{"class":60},[46,12503,427],{"class":426},[46,12505,12342],{"class":430},[46,12507,427],{"class":426},[46,12509,68],{"class":60},[46,12511,12349],{"class":102},[46,12513,215],{"class":60},[46,12515,12516,12518,12520,12522,12524,12526],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,12517,91],{"class":90},[46,12519,94],{"class":60},[46,12521,12254],{"class":102},[46,12523,1283],{"class":1595},[46,12525,12349],{"class":102},[46,12527,215],{"class":60},[20,12529,143],{},[37,12531,12533],{"className":39,"code":12532,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12534,12535,12543,12575],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12536,12537,12539,12541],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12538,12301],{"class":52},[46,12540,198],{"class":60},[46,12542,10007],{"class":60},[46,12544,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553,12555,12557,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567,12569,12571,12573],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12546,12385],{"class":52},[46,12548,198],{"class":60},[46,12550,10660],{"class":60},[46,12552,1188],{"class":426},[46,12554,501],{"class":430},[46,12556,1188],{"class":426},[46,12558,198],{"class":60},[46,12560,81],{"class":64},[46,12562,68],{"class":60},[46,12564,1197],{"class":426},[46,12566,4935],{"class":430},[46,12568,1188],{"class":426},[46,12570,198],{"class":60},[46,12572,71],{"class":64},[46,12574,1105],{"class":60},[46,12576,12577],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12578,4218],{"class":1325},[20,12580,2364],{},[172,12582,12583,12589],{},[175,12584,12585,12588],{},[15,12586,12587],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[175,12590,12591,12593],{},[15,12592,12385],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12595,12596,12597,507],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[501,12598,12600],{"href":12599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12601,12602],{},"dict.copy()",[32,12604,1794,12606],{"id":12605},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12607,11489],{},[20,12609,12610,12612],{},[15,12611,11489],{}," is useful when you want to:",[172,12614,12615,12618,12621],{},[175,12616,12617],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[175,12619,12620],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[175,12622,12623],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12625,2393],{},[37,12627,12629],{"className":39,"code":12628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12630,12631,12640,12656,12676,12689,12693,12697,12702,12713,12717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12632,12633,12636,12638],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12634,12635],{"class":52},"session_data ",[46,12637,57],{"class":56},[46,12639,11661],{"class":60},[46,12641,12642,12644,12647,12649,12651,12654],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12643,11666],{"class":426},[46,12645,12646],{"class":430},"user_id",[46,12648,427],{"class":426},[46,12650,198],{"class":60},[46,12652,12653],{"class":64}," 101",[46,12655,11682],{"class":60},[46,12657,12658,12660,12663,12665,12667,12669,12672,12674],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12659,11666],{"class":426},[46,12661,12662],{"class":430},"theme",[46,12664,427],{"class":426},[46,12666,198],{"class":60},[46,12668,438],{"class":426},[46,12670,12671],{"class":430},"dark",[46,12673,427],{"class":426},[46,12675,11682],{"class":60},[46,12677,12678,12680,12683,12685,12687],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,12679,11666],{"class":426},[46,12681,12682],{"class":430},"logged_in",[46,12684,427],{"class":426},[46,12686,198],{"class":60},[46,12688,6595],{"class":1325},[46,12690,12691],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,12692,1105],{"class":60},[46,12694,12695],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,12696,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12698,12699],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,12700,12701],{"class":3845},"# Reset for a new session\n",[46,12703,12704,12707,12709,12711],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,12705,12706],{"class":52},"session_data",[46,12708,507],{"class":60},[46,12710,11551],{"class":102},[46,12712,8814],{"class":60},[46,12714,12715],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,12716,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,12718,12719,12721,12723,12725,12727],{"class":48,"line":6608},[46,12720,91],{"class":90},[46,12722,94],{"class":60},[46,12724,12706],{"class":102},[46,12726,1592],{"class":60},[46,12728,11566],{"class":3845},[20,12730,12731,12732,12738,12739,507,12743,12745,12746,507],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[501,12733,12735],{"href":12734},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12736,12737],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[501,12740,12742],{"href":12741},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[10015,12744],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[501,12747,12749],{"href":12748},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12750,12751],{},"dict.popitem()",[32,12753,1834],{"id":1833},[20,12755,10915,12756,198],{},[15,12757,11489],{},[172,12759,12760,12766,12771,12774],{},[175,12761,12762,12763,12765],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12764,11489],{}," to a variable",[175,12767,1853,12768,12770],{},[15,12769,11489],{}," to return a new dictionary",[175,12772,12773],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[175,12775,12776],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12778,12779],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[37,12781,12783],{"className":39,"code":12782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12784,12785,12795,12809,12824],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,12786,12787,12789,12791,12793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,12788,91],{"class":90},[46,12790,94],{"class":60},[46,12792,11618],{"class":102},[46,12794,215],{"class":60},[46,12796,12797,12799,12801,12803,12805,12807],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,12798,91],{"class":90},[46,12800,94],{"class":60},[46,12802,1889],{"class":1270},[46,12804,94],{"class":60},[46,12806,11618],{"class":102},[46,12808,106],{"class":60},[46,12810,12811,12813,12815,12818,12820,12822],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,12812,91],{"class":90},[46,12814,94],{"class":60},[46,12816,12817],{"class":90},"id",[46,12819,94],{"class":60},[46,12821,11618],{"class":102},[46,12823,106],{"class":60},[46,12825,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834,12836],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,12827,91],{"class":90},[46,12829,94],{"class":60},[46,12831,12287],{"class":102},[46,12833,1283],{"class":1595},[46,12835,11935],{"class":102},[46,12837,215],{"class":60},[20,12839,12840],{},"What these show:",[172,12842,12843,12849,12855,12861],{},[175,12844,12845,12848],{},[15,12846,12847],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[175,12850,12851,12854],{},[15,12852,12853],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[175,12856,12857,12860],{},[15,12858,12859],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[175,12862,12863,12866],{},[15,12864,12865],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[32,12868,1991],{"id":1990},[283,12870,12872,12873,12875],{"id":12871},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12874,11489],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12877,12878],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[283,12880,1995,12882,12884],{"id":12881},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12883,11495],{}," return?",[20,12886,5320,12887,507],{},[15,12888,1326],{},[283,12890,2048,12892,2051,12894,2035],{"id":12891},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12893,11489],{},[15,12895,3973],{},[20,12897,12898,12900,12901,12903],{},[15,12899,11489],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12902,3973],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[283,12905,12872,12907,12909],{"id":12906},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12908,11489],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12911,12912],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[32,12914,2065],{"id":2064},[172,12916,12917,12921,12925,12932,12939,12946,12951],{},[175,12918,12919],{},[501,12920,9328],{"href":9327},[175,12922,12923],{},[501,12924,11410],{"href":9559},[175,12926,12927],{},[501,12928,10906,12929,10910],{"href":12734},[15,12930,12931],{},"pop()",[175,12933,12934],{},[501,12935,10906,12936,10910],{"href":12748},[15,12937,12938],{},"popitem()",[175,12940,12941],{},[501,12942,10906,12943,10910],{"href":12599},[15,12944,12945],{},"copy()",[175,12947,12948],{},[501,12949,12950],{"href":12233},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[175,12952,12953],{},[501,12954,12955],{"href":12741},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2103,12957,12958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":12960},[12961,12962,12964,12965,12966,12970,12975,12976,12978,12979,12989],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":11574,"depth":87,"text":12963},"What clear() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":11871,"depth":87,"text":12967,"children":12968},"What clear() returns",[12969],{"id":11983,"depth":109,"text":11984},{"id":12163,"depth":87,"text":12971,"children":12972},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12973,12974],{"id":11551,"depth":109,"text":11489},{"id":11618,"depth":109,"text":12216},{"id":12237,"depth":87,"text":12238},{"id":12605,"depth":87,"text":12977},"When to use clear()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":12980},[12981,12983,12985,12987],{"id":12871,"depth":109,"text":12982},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12881,"depth":109,"text":12984},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12891,"depth":109,"text":12986},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12906,"depth":109,"text":12988},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11480,"description":12990},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12997,"title":12998,"body":12999,"description":15163,"extension":2150,"meta":15164,"navigation":112,"path":15165,"seo":15166,"stem":15167,"__hash__":15168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":13000,"toc":15135},[13001,13006,13011,13021,13023,13110,13114,13155,13160,13167,13185,13194,13196,13217,13220,13232,13234,13313,13317,13358,13360,13363,13491,13495,13575,13578,13596,13599,13603,13609,13611,13622,13624,13818,13822,13928,13931,13949,13952,13959,13964,13968,13982,13984,14111,14115,14195,14208,14214,14217,14225,14229,14355,14359,14433,14438,14569,14573,14647,14650,14664,14668,14672,14686,14688,14823,14827,14896,14898,14903,14925,14928,15034,15037,15048,15055,15057,15063,15066,15073,15076,15083,15091,15095,15098,15100,15132],[10,13002,11486,13004,11490],{"id":13003},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,13005,12945],{},[20,13007,13008,13010],{},[15,13009,12602],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,13012,13013,13014,13016,13017,13020],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,13015,12945],{}," makes a ",[3924,13018,13019],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[32,13022,35],{"id":34},[37,13024,13026],{"className":39,"code":13025,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,13027,13028,13065,13081,13085,13096],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13029,13030,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13031,13032],{"class":52},"student ",[46,13034,57],{"class":56},[46,13036,10660],{"class":60},[46,13038,427],{"class":426},[46,13040,1009],{"class":430},[46,13042,427],{"class":426},[46,13044,198],{"class":60},[46,13046,438],{"class":426},[46,13048,1018],{"class":430},[46,13050,427],{"class":426},[46,13052,68],{"class":60},[46,13054,438],{"class":426},[46,13056,9468],{"class":430},[46,13058,427],{"class":426},[46,13060,198],{"class":60},[46,13062,7962],{"class":64},[46,13064,1105],{"class":60},[46,13066,13067,13070,13072,13074,13076,13079],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,13068,13069],{"class":52},"student_copy ",[46,13071,57],{"class":56},[46,13073,1145],{"class":52},[46,13075,507],{"class":60},[46,13077,13078],{"class":102},"copy",[46,13080,8814],{"class":60},[46,13082,13083],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,13084,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,13086,13087,13089,13091,13094],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,13088,91],{"class":90},[46,13090,94],{"class":60},[46,13092,13093],{"class":102},"student_copy",[46,13095,215],{"class":60},[46,13097,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,13099,91],{"class":90},[46,13101,94],{"class":60},[46,13103,13069],{"class":102},[46,13105,1283],{"class":1595},[46,13107,1145],{"class":102},[46,13109,215],{"class":60},[20,13111,13112],{},[3924,13113,143],{},[37,13115,13117],{"className":39,"code":13116,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13118,13119,13151],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13120,13121,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145,13147,13149],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13122,1185],{"class":60},[46,13124,1188],{"class":426},[46,13126,1009],{"class":430},[46,13128,1188],{"class":426},[46,13130,198],{"class":60},[46,13132,1197],{"class":426},[46,13134,1018],{"class":430},[46,13136,1188],{"class":426},[46,13138,68],{"class":60},[46,13140,1197],{"class":426},[46,13142,9468],{"class":430},[46,13144,1188],{"class":426},[46,13146,198],{"class":60},[46,13148,7962],{"class":64},[46,13150,1105],{"class":60},[46,13152,13153],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,13154,4218],{"class":1325},[20,13156,160,13157,13159],{},[15,13158,12945],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[32,13161,13163,13164,13166],{"id":13162},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13165,12945],{}," method does",[172,13168,13169,13174,13177,13182],{},[175,13170,13171,13173],{},[15,13172,12602],{}," returns a new dictionary",[175,13175,13176],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[175,13178,13179,13180],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13181,12945],{},[175,13183,13184],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13186,13187,13188,3065,13191,507],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[501,13189,9328],{"href":13190},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[501,13192,9560],{"href":13193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[32,13195,2343],{"id":2342},[37,13197,13199],{"className":39,"code":13198,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13200,13201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13202,13203,13206,13208,13211,13213,13215],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13204,13205],{"class":52},"new_dict ",[46,13207,57],{"class":56},[46,13209,13210],{"class":52}," old_dict",[46,13212,507],{"class":60},[46,13214,13078],{"class":102},[46,13216,8814],{"class":60},[20,13218,13219],{},"Key points:",[172,13221,13222,13226,13229],{},[175,13223,13224,11633],{},[15,13225,12945],{},[175,13227,13228],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[175,13230,13231],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13233,2393],{},[37,13235,13237],{"className":39,"code":13236,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13238,13239,13282,13298,13302],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13240,13241,13244,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13261,13263,13265,13267,13269,13271,13273,13275,13278,13280],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13242,13243],{"class":52},"colors ",[46,13245,57],{"class":56},[46,13247,10660],{"class":60},[46,13249,427],{"class":426},[46,13251,501],{"class":430},[46,13253,427],{"class":426},[46,13255,198],{"class":60},[46,13257,438],{"class":426},[46,13259,13260],{"class":430},"red",[46,13262,427],{"class":426},[46,13264,68],{"class":60},[46,13266,438],{"class":426},[46,13268,4935],{"class":430},[46,13270,427],{"class":426},[46,13272,198],{"class":60},[46,13274,438],{"class":426},[46,13276,13277],{"class":430},"blue",[46,13279,427],{"class":426},[46,13281,1105],{"class":60},[46,13283,13284,13287,13289,13292,13294,13296],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,13285,13286],{"class":52},"new_colors ",[46,13288,57],{"class":56},[46,13290,13291],{"class":52}," colors",[46,13293,507],{"class":60},[46,13295,13078],{"class":102},[46,13297,8814],{"class":60},[46,13299,13300],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,13301,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,13303,13304,13306,13308,13311],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,13305,91],{"class":90},[46,13307,94],{"class":60},[46,13309,13310],{"class":102},"new_colors",[46,13312,215],{"class":60},[20,13314,13315],{},[3924,13316,143],{},[37,13318,13320],{"className":39,"code":13319,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13321,13322],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13323,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352,13354,13356],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13325,1185],{"class":60},[46,13327,1188],{"class":426},[46,13329,501],{"class":430},[46,13331,1188],{"class":426},[46,13333,198],{"class":60},[46,13335,1197],{"class":426},[46,13337,13260],{"class":430},[46,13339,1188],{"class":426},[46,13341,68],{"class":60},[46,13343,1197],{"class":426},[46,13345,4935],{"class":430},[46,13347,1188],{"class":426},[46,13349,198],{"class":60},[46,13351,1197],{"class":426},[46,13353,13277],{"class":430},[46,13355,1188],{"class":426},[46,13357,1105],{"class":60},[32,13359,11643],{"id":11642},[20,13361,13362],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[37,13364,13366],{"className":39,"code":13365,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13367,13368,13406,13422,13426,13448,13452,13471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13369,13370,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13390,13392,13394,13396,13398,13400,13402,13404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13371,13372],{"class":52},"person ",[46,13374,57],{"class":56},[46,13376,10660],{"class":60},[46,13378,427],{"class":426},[46,13380,1009],{"class":430},[46,13382,427],{"class":426},[46,13384,198],{"class":60},[46,13386,438],{"class":426},[46,13388,13389],{"class":430},"Liam",[46,13391,427],{"class":426},[46,13393,68],{"class":60},[46,13395,438],{"class":426},[46,13397,9468],{"class":430},[46,13399,427],{"class":426},[46,13401,198],{"class":60},[46,13403,9475],{"class":64},[46,13405,1105],{"class":60},[46,13407,13408,13411,13413,13416,13418,13420],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,13409,13410],{"class":52},"person_copy ",[46,13412,57],{"class":56},[46,13414,13415],{"class":52}," person",[46,13417,507],{"class":60},[46,13419,13078],{"class":102},[46,13421,8814],{"class":60},[46,13423,13424],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,13425,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,13427,13428,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13442,13445],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,13429,13430],{"class":52},"person_copy",[46,13432,1152],{"class":60},[46,13434,427],{"class":426},[46,13436,9468],{"class":430},[46,13438,427],{"class":426},[46,13440,13441],{"class":60},"]",[46,13443,13444],{"class":56}," =",[46,13446,13447],{"class":64}," 26\n",[46,13449,13450],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,13451,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,13453,13454,13456,13458,13460,13463,13465,13467,13469],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,13455,91],{"class":90},[46,13457,94],{"class":60},[46,13459,427],{"class":426},[46,13461,13462],{"class":430},"Original:",[46,13464,427],{"class":426},[46,13466,68],{"class":60},[46,13468,13415],{"class":102},[46,13470,215],{"class":60},[46,13472,13473,13475,13477,13479,13482,13484,13486,13489],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,13474,91],{"class":90},[46,13476,94],{"class":60},[46,13478,427],{"class":426},[46,13480,13481],{"class":430},"Copy:",[46,13483,427],{"class":426},[46,13485,68],{"class":60},[46,13487,13488],{"class":102}," person_copy",[46,13490,215],{"class":60},[20,13492,13493],{},[3924,13494,143],{},[37,13496,13498],{"className":39,"code":13497,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13499,13500,13537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13501,13502,13505,13507,13509,13511,13513,13515,13517,13519,13521,13523,13525,13527,13529,13531,13533,13535],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13503,13504],{"class":52},"Original",[46,13506,198],{"class":60},[46,13508,10660],{"class":60},[46,13510,1188],{"class":426},[46,13512,1009],{"class":430},[46,13514,1188],{"class":426},[46,13516,198],{"class":60},[46,13518,1197],{"class":426},[46,13520,13389],{"class":430},[46,13522,1188],{"class":426},[46,13524,68],{"class":60},[46,13526,1197],{"class":426},[46,13528,9468],{"class":430},[46,13530,1188],{"class":426},[46,13532,198],{"class":60},[46,13534,9475],{"class":64},[46,13536,1105],{"class":60},[46,13538,13539,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13573],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,13540,13541],{"class":52},"Copy",[46,13543,198],{"class":60},[46,13545,10660],{"class":60},[46,13547,1188],{"class":426},[46,13549,1009],{"class":430},[46,13551,1188],{"class":426},[46,13553,198],{"class":60},[46,13555,1197],{"class":426},[46,13557,13389],{"class":430},[46,13559,1188],{"class":426},[46,13561,68],{"class":60},[46,13563,1197],{"class":426},[46,13565,9468],{"class":430},[46,13567,1188],{"class":426},[46,13569,198],{"class":60},[46,13571,13572],{"class":64}," 26",[46,13574,1105],{"class":60},[20,13576,13577],{},"What happened here:",[172,13579,13580,13586,13593],{},[175,13581,13582,13585],{},[15,13583,13584],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[175,13587,13588,13589,13592],{},"Changing ",[15,13590,13591],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[175,13594,13595],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13597,13598],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[32,13600,13602],{"id":13601},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13604,13605,13016,13607,507],{},[15,13606,12945],{},[3924,13608,13019],{},[20,13610,2293],{},[172,13612,13613,13616,13619],{},[175,13614,13615],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[175,13617,13618],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[175,13620,13621],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13623,2393],{},[37,13625,13627],{"className":39,"code":13626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13628,13629,13637,13655,13677,13681,13685,13699,13703,13728,13732,13750,13769,13784],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13630,13631,13633,13635],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13632,13032],{"class":52},[46,13634,57],{"class":56},[46,13636,11661],{"class":60},[46,13638,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,13640,11666],{"class":426},[46,13642,1009],{"class":430},[46,13644,427],{"class":426},[46,13646,198],{"class":60},[46,13648,438],{"class":426},[46,13650,1018],{"class":430},[46,13652,427],{"class":426},[46,13654,11682],{"class":60},[46,13656,13657,13659,13662,13664,13666,13668,13671,13673,13675],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,13658,11666],{"class":426},[46,13660,13661],{"class":430},"grades",[46,13663,427],{"class":426},[46,13665,198],{"class":60},[46,13667,61],{"class":60},[46,13669,13670],{"class":64},"90",[46,13672,68],{"class":60},[46,13674,1034],{"class":64},[46,13676,84],{"class":60},[46,13678,13679],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,13680,1105],{"class":60},[46,13682,13683],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,13684,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,13686,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,13688,13069],{"class":52},[46,13690,57],{"class":56},[46,13692,1145],{"class":52},[46,13694,507],{"class":60},[46,13696,13078],{"class":102},[46,13698,8814],{"class":60},[46,13700,13701],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,13702,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,13704,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13718,13721,13723,13726],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,13706,13093],{"class":52},[46,13708,1152],{"class":60},[46,13710,427],{"class":426},[46,13712,13661],{"class":430},[46,13714,427],{"class":426},[46,13716,13717],{"class":60},"].",[46,13719,13720],{"class":102},"append",[46,13722,94],{"class":60},[46,13724,13725],{"class":64},"100",[46,13727,215],{"class":60},[46,13729,13730],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,13731,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,13733,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748],{"class":48,"line":6608},[46,13735,91],{"class":90},[46,13737,94],{"class":60},[46,13739,427],{"class":426},[46,13741,13462],{"class":430},[46,13743,427],{"class":426},[46,13745,68],{"class":60},[46,13747,1145],{"class":102},[46,13749,215],{"class":60},[46,13751,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13767],{"class":48,"line":11763},[46,13753,91],{"class":90},[46,13755,94],{"class":60},[46,13757,427],{"class":426},[46,13759,13481],{"class":430},[46,13761,427],{"class":426},[46,13763,68],{"class":60},[46,13765,13766],{"class":102}," student_copy",[46,13768,215],{"class":60},[46,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782],{"class":48,"line":13771},12,[46,13773,91],{"class":90},[46,13775,94],{"class":60},[46,13777,13032],{"class":102},[46,13779,1283],{"class":1595},[46,13781,13766],{"class":102},[46,13783,215],{"class":60},[46,13785,13787,13789,13791,13794,13796,13798,13800,13802,13804,13806,13808,13810,13812,13814,13816],{"class":48,"line":13786},13,[46,13788,91],{"class":90},[46,13790,94],{"class":60},[46,13792,13793],{"class":102},"student",[46,13795,1152],{"class":60},[46,13797,427],{"class":426},[46,13799,13661],{"class":430},[46,13801,427],{"class":426},[46,13803,13441],{"class":60},[46,13805,8268],{"class":1595},[46,13807,13766],{"class":102},[46,13809,1152],{"class":60},[46,13811,427],{"class":426},[46,13813,13661],{"class":430},[46,13815,427],{"class":426},[46,13817,1161],{"class":60},[20,13819,13820],{},[3924,13821,143],{},[37,13823,13825],{"className":39,"code":13824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13826,13827,13874,13920,13924],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13828,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841,13843,13845,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13830,13504],{"class":52},[46,13832,198],{"class":60},[46,13834,10660],{"class":60},[46,13836,1188],{"class":426},[46,13838,1009],{"class":430},[46,13840,1188],{"class":426},[46,13842,198],{"class":60},[46,13844,1197],{"class":426},[46,13846,1018],{"class":430},[46,13848,1188],{"class":426},[46,13850,68],{"class":60},[46,13852,1197],{"class":426},[46,13854,13661],{"class":430},[46,13856,1188],{"class":426},[46,13858,198],{"class":60},[46,13860,61],{"class":60},[46,13862,13670],{"class":64},[46,13864,68],{"class":60},[46,13866,1034],{"class":64},[46,13868,68],{"class":60},[46,13870,10287],{"class":64},[46,13872,13873],{"class":60},"]}\n",[46,13875,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916,13918],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,13877,13541],{"class":52},[46,13879,198],{"class":60},[46,13881,10660],{"class":60},[46,13883,1188],{"class":426},[46,13885,1009],{"class":430},[46,13887,1188],{"class":426},[46,13889,198],{"class":60},[46,13891,1197],{"class":426},[46,13893,1018],{"class":430},[46,13895,1188],{"class":426},[46,13897,68],{"class":60},[46,13899,1197],{"class":426},[46,13901,13661],{"class":430},[46,13903,1188],{"class":426},[46,13905,198],{"class":60},[46,13907,61],{"class":60},[46,13909,13670],{"class":64},[46,13911,68],{"class":60},[46,13913,1034],{"class":64},[46,13915,68],{"class":60},[46,13917,10287],{"class":64},[46,13919,13873],{"class":60},[46,13921,13922],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,13923,4218],{"class":1325},[46,13925,13926],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,13927,4157],{"class":1325},[20,13929,13930],{},"Notice the difference:",[172,13932,13933,13941],{},[175,13934,13935,4958,13938,13940],{},[15,13936,13937],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13939,3856],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[175,13942,13943,4958,13946,13948],{},[15,13944,13945],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13947,3787],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13950,13951],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13953,13954,13955,507],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[501,13956,13958],{"href":13957},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[32,13960,1794,13962],{"id":13961},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13963,12945],{},[20,13965,160,13966,1801],{},[15,13967,12945],{},[172,13969,13970,13973,13976,13979],{},[175,13971,13972],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[175,13974,13975],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[175,13977,13978],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[175,13980,13981],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13983,2393],{},[37,13985,13987],{"className":39,"code":13986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13988,13989,14028,14044,14048,14068,14072,14091],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,13990,13991,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014,14016,14019,14021,14023,14026],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,13992,13993],{"class":52},"settings ",[46,13995,57],{"class":56},[46,13997,10660],{"class":60},[46,13999,427],{"class":426},[46,14001,12662],{"class":430},[46,14003,427],{"class":426},[46,14005,198],{"class":60},[46,14007,438],{"class":426},[46,14009,12671],{"class":430},[46,14011,427],{"class":426},[46,14013,68],{"class":60},[46,14015,438],{"class":426},[46,14017,14018],{"class":430},"font_size",[46,14020,427],{"class":426},[46,14022,198],{"class":60},[46,14024,14025],{"class":64}," 14",[46,14027,1105],{"class":60},[46,14029,14030,14033,14035,14038,14040,14042],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14031,14032],{"class":52},"settings_backup ",[46,14034,57],{"class":56},[46,14036,14037],{"class":52}," settings",[46,14039,507],{"class":60},[46,14041,13078],{"class":102},[46,14043,8814],{"class":60},[46,14045,14046],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,14047,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14049,14050,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061,14063,14065],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,14051,14052],{"class":52},"settings",[46,14054,1152],{"class":60},[46,14056,427],{"class":426},[46,14058,14018],{"class":430},[46,14060,427],{"class":426},[46,14062,13441],{"class":60},[46,14064,13444],{"class":56},[46,14066,14067],{"class":64}," 16\n",[46,14069,14070],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,14071,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14073,14074,14076,14078,14080,14083,14085,14087,14089],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,14075,91],{"class":90},[46,14077,94],{"class":60},[46,14079,427],{"class":426},[46,14081,14082],{"class":430},"Current:",[46,14084,427],{"class":426},[46,14086,68],{"class":60},[46,14088,14037],{"class":102},[46,14090,215],{"class":60},[46,14092,14093,14095,14097,14099,14102,14104,14106,14109],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,14094,91],{"class":90},[46,14096,94],{"class":60},[46,14098,427],{"class":426},[46,14100,14101],{"class":430},"Backup:",[46,14103,427],{"class":426},[46,14105,68],{"class":60},[46,14107,14108],{"class":102}," settings_backup",[46,14110,215],{"class":60},[20,14112,14113],{},[3924,14114,143],{},[37,14116,14118],{"className":39,"code":14117,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14119,14120,14158],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14121,14122,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14156],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14123,14124],{"class":52},"Current",[46,14126,198],{"class":60},[46,14128,10660],{"class":60},[46,14130,1188],{"class":426},[46,14132,12662],{"class":430},[46,14134,1188],{"class":426},[46,14136,198],{"class":60},[46,14138,1197],{"class":426},[46,14140,12671],{"class":430},[46,14142,1188],{"class":426},[46,14144,68],{"class":60},[46,14146,1197],{"class":426},[46,14148,14018],{"class":430},[46,14150,1188],{"class":426},[46,14152,198],{"class":60},[46,14154,14155],{"class":64}," 16",[46,14157,1105],{"class":60},[46,14159,14160,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14161,14162],{"class":52},"Backup",[46,14164,198],{"class":60},[46,14166,10660],{"class":60},[46,14168,1188],{"class":426},[46,14170,12662],{"class":430},[46,14172,1188],{"class":426},[46,14174,198],{"class":60},[46,14176,1197],{"class":426},[46,14178,12671],{"class":430},[46,14180,1188],{"class":426},[46,14182,68],{"class":60},[46,14184,1197],{"class":426},[46,14186,14018],{"class":430},[46,14188,1188],{"class":426},[46,14190,198],{"class":60},[46,14192,14025],{"class":64},[46,14194,1105],{"class":60},[20,14196,14197,14198,3065,14204,507],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[501,14199,14201],{"href":14200},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14202,14203],{},"dict.update()",[501,14205,14206],{"href":12992},[15,14207,11495],{},[32,14209,14211,14213],{"id":14210},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14212,12945],{}," vs assignment",[20,14215,14216],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14218,578,14219,14221,14222,14224],{},[15,14220,57],{}," does ",[3924,14223,4805],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[283,14226,14228],{"id":14227},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[37,14230,14232],{"className":39,"code":14231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14233,14234,14266,14275,14279,14299,14303,14321,14341],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14235,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14237,12254],{"class":52},[46,14239,57],{"class":56},[46,14241,10660],{"class":60},[46,14243,427],{"class":426},[46,14245,1589],{"class":430},[46,14247,427],{"class":426},[46,14249,198],{"class":60},[46,14251,81],{"class":64},[46,14253,68],{"class":60},[46,14255,438],{"class":426},[46,14257,11914],{"class":430},[46,14259,427],{"class":426},[46,14261,198],{"class":60},[46,14263,71],{"class":64},[46,14265,1105],{"class":60},[46,14267,14268,14271,14273],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14269,14270],{"class":52},"assigned ",[46,14272,57],{"class":56},[46,14274,12292],{"class":52},[46,14276,14277],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,14278,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14280,14281,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,14282,14283],{"class":52},"assigned",[46,14285,1152],{"class":60},[46,14287,427],{"class":426},[46,14289,1589],{"class":430},[46,14291,427],{"class":426},[46,14293,13441],{"class":60},[46,14295,13444],{"class":56},[46,14297,14298],{"class":64}," 99\n",[46,14300,14301],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,14302,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14304,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317,14319],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,14306,91],{"class":90},[46,14308,94],{"class":60},[46,14310,427],{"class":426},[46,14312,13462],{"class":430},[46,14314,427],{"class":426},[46,14316,68],{"class":60},[46,14318,12329],{"class":102},[46,14320,215],{"class":60},[46,14322,14323,14325,14327,14329,14332,14334,14336,14339],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,14324,91],{"class":90},[46,14326,94],{"class":60},[46,14328,427],{"class":426},[46,14330,14331],{"class":430},"Assigned:",[46,14333,427],{"class":426},[46,14335,68],{"class":60},[46,14337,14338],{"class":102}," assigned",[46,14340,215],{"class":60},[46,14342,14343,14345,14347,14349,14351,14353],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,14344,91],{"class":90},[46,14346,94],{"class":60},[46,14348,12254],{"class":102},[46,14350,1283],{"class":1595},[46,14352,14338],{"class":102},[46,14354,215],{"class":60},[20,14356,14357],{},[3924,14358,143],{},[37,14360,14362],{"className":39,"code":14361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14363,14364,14396,14429],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14365,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14367,13504],{"class":52},[46,14369,198],{"class":60},[46,14371,10660],{"class":60},[46,14373,1188],{"class":426},[46,14375,1589],{"class":430},[46,14377,1188],{"class":426},[46,14379,198],{"class":60},[46,14381,10366],{"class":64},[46,14383,68],{"class":60},[46,14385,1197],{"class":426},[46,14387,11914],{"class":430},[46,14389,1188],{"class":426},[46,14391,198],{"class":60},[46,14393,71],{"class":64},[46,14395,1105],{"class":60},[46,14397,14398,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14399,14400],{"class":52},"Assigned",[46,14402,198],{"class":60},[46,14404,10660],{"class":60},[46,14406,1188],{"class":426},[46,14408,1589],{"class":430},[46,14410,1188],{"class":426},[46,14412,198],{"class":60},[46,14414,10366],{"class":64},[46,14416,68],{"class":60},[46,14418,1197],{"class":426},[46,14420,11914],{"class":430},[46,14422,1188],{"class":426},[46,14424,198],{"class":60},[46,14426,71],{"class":64},[46,14428,1105],{"class":60},[46,14430,14431],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,14432,4157],{"class":1325},[283,14434,578,14436],{"id":14435},"using-copy",[15,14437,12945],{},[37,14439,14441],{"className":39,"code":14440,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14442,14443,14475,14490,14494,14513,14517,14535,14555],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14444,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14446,12254],{"class":52},[46,14448,57],{"class":56},[46,14450,10660],{"class":60},[46,14452,427],{"class":426},[46,14454,1589],{"class":430},[46,14456,427],{"class":426},[46,14458,198],{"class":60},[46,14460,81],{"class":64},[46,14462,68],{"class":60},[46,14464,438],{"class":426},[46,14466,11914],{"class":430},[46,14468,427],{"class":426},[46,14470,198],{"class":60},[46,14472,71],{"class":64},[46,14474,1105],{"class":60},[46,14476,14477,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14478,14479],{"class":52},"copied ",[46,14481,57],{"class":56},[46,14483,12329],{"class":52},[46,14485,507],{"class":60},[46,14487,13078],{"class":102},[46,14489,8814],{"class":60},[46,14491,14492],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,14493,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14495,14496,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,14497,14498],{"class":52},"copied",[46,14500,1152],{"class":60},[46,14502,427],{"class":426},[46,14504,1589],{"class":430},[46,14506,427],{"class":426},[46,14508,13441],{"class":60},[46,14510,13444],{"class":56},[46,14512,14298],{"class":64},[46,14514,14515],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,14516,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14518,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529,14531,14533],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,14520,91],{"class":90},[46,14522,94],{"class":60},[46,14524,427],{"class":426},[46,14526,13462],{"class":430},[46,14528,427],{"class":426},[46,14530,68],{"class":60},[46,14532,12329],{"class":102},[46,14534,215],{"class":60},[46,14536,14537,14539,14541,14543,14546,14548,14550,14553],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,14538,91],{"class":90},[46,14540,94],{"class":60},[46,14542,427],{"class":426},[46,14544,14545],{"class":430},"Copied:",[46,14547,427],{"class":426},[46,14549,68],{"class":60},[46,14551,14552],{"class":102}," copied",[46,14554,215],{"class":60},[46,14556,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,14558,91],{"class":90},[46,14560,94],{"class":60},[46,14562,12254],{"class":102},[46,14564,1283],{"class":1595},[46,14566,14552],{"class":102},[46,14568,215],{"class":60},[20,14570,14571],{},[3924,14572,143],{},[37,14574,14576],{"className":39,"code":14575,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14577,14578,14610,14643],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14579,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588,14590,14592,14594,14596,14598,14600,14602,14604,14606,14608],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14581,13504],{"class":52},[46,14583,198],{"class":60},[46,14585,10660],{"class":60},[46,14587,1188],{"class":426},[46,14589,1589],{"class":430},[46,14591,1188],{"class":426},[46,14593,198],{"class":60},[46,14595,81],{"class":64},[46,14597,68],{"class":60},[46,14599,1197],{"class":426},[46,14601,11914],{"class":430},[46,14603,1188],{"class":426},[46,14605,198],{"class":60},[46,14607,71],{"class":64},[46,14609,1105],{"class":60},[46,14611,14612,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637,14639,14641],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14613,14614],{"class":52},"Copied",[46,14616,198],{"class":60},[46,14618,10660],{"class":60},[46,14620,1188],{"class":426},[46,14622,1589],{"class":430},[46,14624,1188],{"class":426},[46,14626,198],{"class":60},[46,14628,10366],{"class":64},[46,14630,68],{"class":60},[46,14632,1197],{"class":426},[46,14634,11914],{"class":430},[46,14636,1188],{"class":426},[46,14638,198],{"class":60},[46,14640,71],{"class":64},[46,14642,1105],{"class":60},[46,14644,14645],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,14646,4218],{"class":1325},[20,14648,14649],{},"Summary:",[172,14651,14652,14658],{},[175,14653,14654,14657],{},[15,14655,14656],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[175,14659,14660,14663],{},[15,14661,14662],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[32,14665,14667],{"id":14666},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14669,14670,198],{},[15,14671,12945],{},[172,14673,14674,14677,14680,14683],{},[175,14675,14676],{},"Returns a dictionary",[175,14678,14679],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[175,14681,14682],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[175,14684,14685],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14687,2393],{},[37,14689,14691],{"className":39,"code":14690,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14692,14693,14725,14740,14744,14762,14782,14786,14804],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14694,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705,14707,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719,14721,14723],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14696,1487],{"class":52},[46,14698,57],{"class":56},[46,14700,10660],{"class":60},[46,14702,427],{"class":426},[46,14704,501],{"class":430},[46,14706,427],{"class":426},[46,14708,198],{"class":60},[46,14710,81],{"class":64},[46,14712,68],{"class":60},[46,14714,438],{"class":426},[46,14716,4935],{"class":430},[46,14718,427],{"class":426},[46,14720,198],{"class":60},[46,14722,71],{"class":64},[46,14724,1105],{"class":60},[46,14726,14727,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14728,14729],{"class":52},"data_copy ",[46,14731,57],{"class":56},[46,14733,1605],{"class":52},[46,14735,507],{"class":60},[46,14737,13078],{"class":102},[46,14739,8814],{"class":60},[46,14741,14742],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,14743,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14745,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,14747,1523],{"class":52},[46,14749,1152],{"class":60},[46,14751,427],{"class":426},[46,14753,501],{"class":430},[46,14755,427],{"class":426},[46,14757,13441],{"class":60},[46,14759,13444],{"class":56},[46,14761,2774],{"class":64},[46,14763,14764,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,14765,14766],{"class":52},"data_copy",[46,14768,1152],{"class":60},[46,14770,427],{"class":426},[46,14772,4935],{"class":430},[46,14774,427],{"class":426},[46,14776,13441],{"class":60},[46,14778,13444],{"class":56},[46,14780,14781],{"class":64}," 20\n",[46,14783,14784],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,14785,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,14787,14788,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,14789,91],{"class":90},[46,14791,94],{"class":60},[46,14793,427],{"class":426},[46,14795,13462],{"class":430},[46,14797,427],{"class":426},[46,14799,68],{"class":60},[46,14801,1605],{"class":102},[46,14803,215],{"class":60},[46,14805,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818,14821],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,14807,91],{"class":90},[46,14809,94],{"class":60},[46,14811,427],{"class":426},[46,14813,13481],{"class":430},[46,14815,427],{"class":426},[46,14817,68],{"class":60},[46,14819,14820],{"class":102}," data_copy",[46,14822,215],{"class":60},[20,14824,14825],{},[3924,14826,143],{},[37,14828,14830],{"className":39,"code":14829,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14831,14832,14864],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14833,14834,14836,14838,14840,14842,14844,14846,14848,14850,14852,14854,14856,14858,14860,14862],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14835,13504],{"class":52},[46,14837,198],{"class":60},[46,14839,10660],{"class":60},[46,14841,1188],{"class":426},[46,14843,501],{"class":430},[46,14845,1188],{"class":426},[46,14847,198],{"class":60},[46,14849,6176],{"class":64},[46,14851,68],{"class":60},[46,14853,1197],{"class":426},[46,14855,4935],{"class":430},[46,14857,1188],{"class":426},[46,14859,198],{"class":60},[46,14861,71],{"class":64},[46,14863,1105],{"class":60},[46,14865,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876,14878,14880,14882,14884,14886,14888,14890,14892,14894],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14867,13541],{"class":52},[46,14869,198],{"class":60},[46,14871,10660],{"class":60},[46,14873,1188],{"class":426},[46,14875,501],{"class":430},[46,14877,1188],{"class":426},[46,14879,198],{"class":60},[46,14881,81],{"class":64},[46,14883,68],{"class":60},[46,14885,1197],{"class":426},[46,14887,4935],{"class":430},[46,14889,1188],{"class":426},[46,14891,198],{"class":60},[46,14893,7962],{"class":64},[46,14895,1105],{"class":60},[32,14897,1834],{"id":1833},[20,14899,14900,14901,198],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14902,12602],{},[172,14904,14905,14912,14917,14922],{},[175,14906,578,14907,11260,14909,14911],{},[15,14908,57],{},[15,14910,12945],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[175,14913,4754,14914,14916],{},[15,14915,12945],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[175,14918,14919,14920],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14921,12945],{},[175,14923,14924],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14926,14927],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[37,14929,14931],{"className":39,"code":14930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14932,14933,14943,14953,14967,14990,15012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,14934,14935,14937,14939,14941],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,14936,91],{"class":90},[46,14938,94],{"class":60},[46,14940,12301],{"class":102},[46,14942,215],{"class":60},[46,14944,14945,14947,14949,14951],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,14946,91],{"class":90},[46,14948,94],{"class":60},[46,14950,14498],{"class":102},[46,14952,215],{"class":60},[46,14954,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,14956,91],{"class":90},[46,14958,94],{"class":60},[46,14960,12254],{"class":102},[46,14962,1283],{"class":1595},[46,14964,14552],{"class":102},[46,14966,215],{"class":60},[46,14968,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981,14984,14986,14988],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,14970,91],{"class":90},[46,14972,94],{"class":60},[46,14974,12817],{"class":90},[46,14976,94],{"class":60},[46,14978,12301],{"class":102},[46,14980,9403],{"class":60},[46,14982,14983],{"class":90}," id",[46,14985,94],{"class":60},[46,14987,14498],{"class":102},[46,14989,106],{"class":60},[46,14991,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,14993,91],{"class":90},[46,14995,94],{"class":60},[46,14997,12817],{"class":90},[46,14999,94],{"class":60},[46,15001,12301],{"class":102},[46,15003,1152],{"class":60},[46,15005,427],{"class":426},[46,15007,408],{"class":430},[46,15009,427],{"class":426},[46,15011,3186],{"class":60},[46,15013,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,15015,91],{"class":90},[46,15017,94],{"class":60},[46,15019,12817],{"class":90},[46,15021,94],{"class":60},[46,15023,14498],{"class":102},[46,15025,1152],{"class":60},[46,15027,427],{"class":426},[46,15029,408],{"class":430},[46,15031,427],{"class":426},[46,15033,3186],{"class":60},[20,15035,15036],{},"What these help you check:",[172,15038,15039,15042,15045],{},[175,15040,15041],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[175,15043,15044],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[175,15046,15047],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15049,15050,15051,507],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[501,15052,15054],{"href":15053},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[32,15056,1991],{"id":1990},[283,15058,12872,15060,15062],{"id":15059},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15061,12602],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15064,15065],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[283,15067,15069,15070,15072],{"id":15068},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,15071,12602],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15074,15075],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[283,15077,2048,15079,2051,15081,2035],{"id":15078},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15080,12945],{},[15,15082,57],{},[20,15084,15085,15087,15088,15090],{},[15,15086,12945],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15089,57],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[283,15092,15094],{"id":15093},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15096,15097],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[32,15099,2065],{"id":2064},[172,15101,15102,15106,15110,15114,15121,15127],{},[175,15103,15104],{},[501,15105,11410],{"href":13193},[175,15107,15108],{},[501,15109,9328],{"href":13190},[175,15111,15112],{},[501,15113,13958],{"href":13957},[175,15115,15116],{},[501,15117,10906,15118,10910],{"href":14200},[15,15119,15120],{},"update()",[175,15122,15123],{},[501,15124,10906,15125,10910],{"href":12992},[15,15126,11489],{},[175,15128,15129],{},[501,15130,15131],{"href":15053},"How to copy a list in Python",[2103,15133,15134],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":15136},[15137,15138,15140,15141,15142,15143,15145,15151,15152,15153,15162],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":13162,"depth":87,"text":15139},"What the copy() method does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":13601,"depth":87,"text":13602},{"id":13961,"depth":87,"text":15144},"When to use copy()",{"id":14210,"depth":87,"text":15146,"children":15147},"copy() vs assignment",[15148,15149],{"id":14227,"depth":109,"text":14228},{"id":14435,"depth":109,"text":15150},"Using copy()",{"id":14666,"depth":87,"text":14667},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":15154},[15155,15157,15159,15161],{"id":15059,"depth":109,"text":15156},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15068,"depth":109,"text":15158},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15078,"depth":109,"text":15160},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15093,"depth":109,"text":15094},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12998,"description":15163},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15170,"title":15171,"body":15172,"description":17369,"extension":2150,"meta":17370,"navigation":112,"path":13193,"seo":17371,"stem":17372,"__hash__":17373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15173,"toc":17331},[15174,15177,15183,15192,15194,15270,15274,15323,15326,15330,15344,15347,15351,15364,15367,15400,15414,15417,15429,15433,15436,15444,15524,15528,15581,15585,15603,15605,15687,15690,15692,15695,15698,15721,15745,15749,15757,15760,15764,15773,15778,15836,15840,15873,15879,15885,15888,15942,15946,15996,15999,16005,16008,16016,16018,16063,16068,16077,16080,16083,16130,16132,16137,16140,16234,16238,16291,16294,16350,16353,16357,16360,16374,16378,16444,16448,16473,16476,16480,16557,16561,16564,16567,16587,16590,16643,16647,16650,16653,16666,16668,16757,16764,16767,16778,16780,16783,16803,16807,16810,16819,16822,16861,16865,16867,16876,16885,16887,16925,16929,16976,16980,17001,17005,17008,17120,17125,17223,17245,17247,17251,17258,17262,17268,17272,17275,17279,17282,17289,17297,17299,17325,17328],[10,15175,15171],{"id":15176},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15178,15179,15180,15182],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3924,15181,9304],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15184,15185,15186,3065,15188,507],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[501,15187,9328],{"href":9327},[501,15189,15191],{"href":15190},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[32,15193,35],{"id":34},[37,15195,15197],{"className":39,"code":15196,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15198,15199,15207,15225,15239,15252,15256,15260],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15200,15201,15203,15205],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15202,13032],{"class":52},[46,15204,57],{"class":56},[46,15206,11661],{"class":60},[46,15208,15209,15211,15213,15215,15217,15219,15221,15223],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15210,11666],{"class":426},[46,15212,1009],{"class":430},[46,15214,427],{"class":426},[46,15216,198],{"class":60},[46,15218,438],{"class":426},[46,15220,1018],{"class":430},[46,15222,427],{"class":426},[46,15224,11682],{"class":60},[46,15226,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,15228,11666],{"class":426},[46,15230,9468],{"class":430},[46,15232,427],{"class":426},[46,15234,198],{"class":60},[46,15236,7962],{"class":64},[46,15238,11682],{"class":60},[46,15240,15241,15243,15246,15248,15250],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,15242,11666],{"class":426},[46,15244,15245],{"class":430},"is_active",[46,15247,427],{"class":426},[46,15249,198],{"class":60},[46,15251,6595],{"class":1325},[46,15253,15254],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,15255,1105],{"class":60},[46,15257,15258],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,15259,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,15261,15262,15264,15266,15268],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,15263,91],{"class":90},[46,15265,94],{"class":60},[46,15267,13793],{"class":102},[46,15269,215],{"class":60},[20,15271,15272],{},[3924,15273,143],{},[37,15275,15277],{"className":39,"code":15276,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15278,15279],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15280,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15282,1185],{"class":60},[46,15284,1188],{"class":426},[46,15286,1009],{"class":430},[46,15288,1188],{"class":426},[46,15290,198],{"class":60},[46,15292,1197],{"class":426},[46,15294,1018],{"class":430},[46,15296,1188],{"class":426},[46,15298,68],{"class":60},[46,15300,1197],{"class":426},[46,15302,9468],{"class":430},[46,15304,1188],{"class":426},[46,15306,198],{"class":60},[46,15308,7962],{"class":64},[46,15310,68],{"class":60},[46,15312,1197],{"class":426},[46,15314,15245],{"class":430},[46,15316,1188],{"class":426},[46,15318,198],{"class":60},[46,15320,4093],{"class":1325},[46,15322,1105],{"class":60},[20,15324,15325],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[32,15327,15329],{"id":15328},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[172,15331,15332,15335,15338,15341],{},[175,15333,15334],{},"What a dictionary is",[175,15336,15337],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[175,15339,15340],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[175,15342,15343],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[32,15345,15334],{"id":15346},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15348,9301,15349,507],{},[3924,15350,9304],{},[172,15352,15353,15359],{},[175,15354,15355,15356,15358],{},"A ",[3924,15357,408],{}," is the label",[175,15360,15355,15361,15363],{},[3924,15362,2659],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15365,15366],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[37,15368,15370],{"className":39,"code":15369,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15371,15372,15380,15396],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15373,15374,15376,15378],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15375,13032],{"class":52},[46,15377,57],{"class":56},[46,15379,11661],{"class":60},[46,15381,15382,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15383,11666],{"class":426},[46,15385,1009],{"class":430},[46,15387,427],{"class":426},[46,15389,198],{"class":60},[46,15391,438],{"class":426},[46,15393,1018],{"class":430},[46,15395,3544],{"class":426},[46,15397,15398],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,15399,1105],{"class":60},[172,15401,15402,15408],{},[175,15403,15404,15407],{},[15,15405,15406],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[175,15409,15410,15413],{},[15,15411,15412],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15415,15416],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[172,15418,15419,15421,15423,15426],{},[175,15420,1009],{},[175,15422,9468],{},[175,15424,15425],{},"email",[175,15427,15428],{},"country",[32,15430,15432],{"id":15431},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15434,15435],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15437,160,15438,15440,15441,507],{},[15,15439,3973],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15442,15443],{},"key: value",[37,15445,15447],{"className":39,"code":15446,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15448,15449,15457,15475,15489,15506,15510,15514],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15450,15451,15453,15455],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15452,13032],{"class":52},[46,15454,57],{"class":56},[46,15456,11661],{"class":60},[46,15458,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15460,11666],{"class":426},[46,15462,1009],{"class":430},[46,15464,427],{"class":426},[46,15466,198],{"class":60},[46,15468,438],{"class":426},[46,15470,1018],{"class":430},[46,15472,427],{"class":426},[46,15474,11682],{"class":60},[46,15476,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,15478,11666],{"class":426},[46,15480,9468],{"class":430},[46,15482,427],{"class":426},[46,15484,198],{"class":60},[46,15486,7962],{"class":64},[46,15488,11682],{"class":60},[46,15490,15491,15493,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,15492,11666],{"class":426},[46,15494,15495],{"class":430},"course",[46,15497,427],{"class":426},[46,15499,198],{"class":60},[46,15501,438],{"class":426},[46,15503,7470],{"class":430},[46,15505,3544],{"class":426},[46,15507,15508],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,15509,1105],{"class":60},[46,15511,15512],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,15513,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,15515,15516,15518,15520,15522],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,15517,91],{"class":90},[46,15519,94],{"class":60},[46,15521,13793],{"class":102},[46,15523,215],{"class":60},[20,15525,15526],{},[3924,15527,143],{},[37,15529,15531],{"className":39,"code":15530,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15532,15533],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15534,15535,15537,15539,15541,15543,15545,15547,15549,15551,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563,15565,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15577,15579],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15536,1185],{"class":60},[46,15538,1188],{"class":426},[46,15540,1009],{"class":430},[46,15542,1188],{"class":426},[46,15544,198],{"class":60},[46,15546,1197],{"class":426},[46,15548,1018],{"class":430},[46,15550,1188],{"class":426},[46,15552,68],{"class":60},[46,15554,1197],{"class":426},[46,15556,9468],{"class":430},[46,15558,1188],{"class":426},[46,15560,198],{"class":60},[46,15562,7962],{"class":64},[46,15564,68],{"class":60},[46,15566,1197],{"class":426},[46,15568,15495],{"class":430},[46,15570,1188],{"class":426},[46,15572,198],{"class":60},[46,15574,1197],{"class":426},[46,15576,7470],{"class":430},[46,15578,1188],{"class":426},[46,15580,1105],{"class":60},[283,15582,15584],{"id":15583},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[172,15586,15587,15592,15597,15600],{},[175,15588,160,15589,15591],{},[15,15590,3973],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[175,15593,15594,15595],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15596,15443],{},[175,15598,15599],{},"Separate items with commas",[175,15601,15602],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15604,2393],{},[37,15606,15608],{"className":39,"code":15607,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15609,15610,15619,15639,15655,15668,15672,15676],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15611,15612,15615,15617],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15613,15614],{"class":52},"book ",[46,15616,57],{"class":56},[46,15618,11661],{"class":60},[46,15620,15621,15623,15626,15628,15630,15632,15635,15637],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15622,11666],{"class":426},[46,15624,15625],{"class":430},"title",[46,15627,427],{"class":426},[46,15629,198],{"class":60},[46,15631,438],{"class":426},[46,15633,15634],{"class":430},"Python Basics",[46,15636,427],{"class":426},[46,15638,11682],{"class":60},[46,15640,15641,15643,15646,15648,15650,15653],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,15642,11666],{"class":426},[46,15644,15645],{"class":430},"pages",[46,15647,427],{"class":426},[46,15649,198],{"class":60},[46,15651,15652],{"class":64}," 150",[46,15654,11682],{"class":60},[46,15656,15657,15659,15662,15664,15666],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,15658,11666],{"class":426},[46,15660,15661],{"class":430},"available",[46,15663,427],{"class":426},[46,15665,198],{"class":60},[46,15667,6595],{"class":1325},[46,15669,15670],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,15671,1105],{"class":60},[46,15673,15674],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,15675,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,15677,15678,15680,15682,15685],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,15679,91],{"class":90},[46,15681,94],{"class":60},[46,15683,15684],{"class":102},"book",[46,15686,215],{"class":60},[20,15688,15689],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[32,15691,9571],{"id":9570},[20,15693,15694],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15696,15697],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[37,15699,15701],{"className":39,"code":15700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15702,15703,15711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15704,15705,15707,15709],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15706,1487],{"class":52},[46,15708,57],{"class":56},[46,15710,10007],{"class":60},[46,15712,15713,15715,15717,15719],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15714,91],{"class":90},[46,15716,94],{"class":60},[46,15718,1523],{"class":102},[46,15720,215],{"class":60},[37,15722,15723],{"className":39,"code":9574,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,15724,15725,15735],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15726,15727,15729,15731,15733],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15728,1487],{"class":52},[46,15730,57],{"class":56},[46,15732,9342],{"class":1270},[46,15734,8814],{"class":60},[46,15736,15737,15739,15741,15743],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15738,91],{"class":90},[46,15740,94],{"class":60},[46,15742,1523],{"class":102},[46,15744,215],{"class":60},[20,15746,15747],{},[3924,15748,143],{},[37,15750,15751],{"className":39,"code":9603,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,15752,15753],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15754,15755],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15756,9603],{"class":60},[20,15758,15759],{},"Both are correct.",[283,15761,15763],{"id":15762},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15765,15766,15768,15769,15772],{},[15,15767,3973],{}," creates an empty ",[3924,15770,15771],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15774,15775,15776,507],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15777,3978],{},[37,15779,15781],{"className":39,"code":15780,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15782,15783,15791,15803,15807,15821],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15784,15785,15787,15789],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15786,11893],{"class":52},[46,15788,57],{"class":56},[46,15790,10007],{"class":60},[46,15792,15793,15796,15798,15801],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15794,15795],{"class":52},"my_set ",[46,15797,57],{"class":56},[46,15799,15800],{"class":1270}," set",[46,15802,8814],{"class":60},[46,15804,15805],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,15806,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,15808,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,15810,91],{"class":90},[46,15812,94],{"class":60},[46,15814,1889],{"class":1270},[46,15816,94],{"class":60},[46,15818,11618],{"class":102},[46,15820,106],{"class":60},[46,15822,15823,15825,15827,15829,15831,15834],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,15824,91],{"class":90},[46,15826,94],{"class":60},[46,15828,1889],{"class":1270},[46,15830,94],{"class":60},[46,15832,15833],{"class":102},"my_set",[46,15835,106],{"class":60},[20,15837,15838],{},[3924,15839,143],{},[37,15841,15843],{"className":39,"code":15842,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15844,15845,15859],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15846,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855,15857],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15848,3476],{"class":56},[46,15850,3479],{"class":1140},[46,15852,1197],{"class":426},[46,15854,8993],{"class":430},[46,15856,1188],{"class":426},[46,15858,3488],{"class":56},[46,15860,15861,15863,15865,15867,15869,15871],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15862,3476],{"class":56},[46,15864,3479],{"class":1140},[46,15866,1197],{"class":426},[46,15868,6459],{"class":430},[46,15870,1188],{"class":426},[46,15872,3488],{"class":56},[32,15874,15876,15877],{"id":15875},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15878,9292],{},[20,15880,15881,15882,15884],{},"You can also use ",[15,15883,9292],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15886,15887],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[37,15889,15891],{"className":39,"code":15890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15892,15893,15932],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15894,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917,15919,15921,15923,15926,15928,15930],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15896,13032],{"class":52},[46,15898,57],{"class":56},[46,15900,9342],{"class":1270},[46,15902,94],{"class":60},[46,15904,1009],{"class":254},[46,15906,57],{"class":56},[46,15908,427],{"class":426},[46,15910,1018],{"class":430},[46,15912,427],{"class":426},[46,15914,68],{"class":60},[46,15916,9359],{"class":254},[46,15918,57],{"class":56},[46,15920,1501],{"class":64},[46,15922,68],{"class":60},[46,15924,15925],{"class":254}," active",[46,15927,57],{"class":56},[46,15929,3787],{"class":1325},[46,15931,215],{"class":60},[46,15933,15934,15936,15938,15940],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,15935,91],{"class":90},[46,15937,94],{"class":60},[46,15939,13793],{"class":102},[46,15941,215],{"class":60},[20,15943,15944],{},[3924,15945,143],{},[37,15947,15949],{"className":39,"code":15948,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15950,15951],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,15952,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977,15979,15981,15983,15985,15988,15990,15992,15994],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,15954,1185],{"class":60},[46,15956,1188],{"class":426},[46,15958,1009],{"class":430},[46,15960,1188],{"class":426},[46,15962,198],{"class":60},[46,15964,1197],{"class":426},[46,15966,1018],{"class":430},[46,15968,1188],{"class":426},[46,15970,68],{"class":60},[46,15972,1197],{"class":426},[46,15974,9468],{"class":430},[46,15976,1188],{"class":426},[46,15978,198],{"class":60},[46,15980,7962],{"class":64},[46,15982,68],{"class":60},[46,15984,1197],{"class":426},[46,15986,15987],{"class":430},"active",[46,15989,1188],{"class":426},[46,15991,198],{"class":60},[46,15993,4093],{"class":1325},[46,15995,1105],{"class":60},[20,15997,15998],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[283,16000,16002,16003],{"id":16001},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,16004,9292],{},[20,16006,16007],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[172,16009,16010,16013],{},[175,16011,16012],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[175,16014,16015],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,16017,6860],{},[37,16019,16021],{"className":39,"code":16020,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,16022,16023,16053],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16024,16025,16027,16029,16031,16033,16035,16037,16039,16041,16043,16045,16047,16049,16051],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16026,11656],{"class":52},[46,16028,57],{"class":56},[46,16030,9342],{"class":1270},[46,16032,94],{"class":60},[46,16034,1009],{"class":254},[46,16036,57],{"class":56},[46,16038,427],{"class":426},[46,16040,7849],{"class":430},[46,16042,427],{"class":426},[46,16044,68],{"class":60},[46,16046,9359],{"class":254},[46,16048,57],{"class":56},[46,16050,9364],{"class":64},[46,16052,215],{"class":60},[46,16054,16055,16057,16059,16061],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16056,91],{"class":90},[46,16058,94],{"class":60},[46,16060,11750],{"class":102},[46,16062,215],{"class":60},[20,16064,4802,16065,16067],{},[3924,16066,4805],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[37,16069,16071],{"className":39,"code":16070,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16072,16073],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16074,16075],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16076,16070],{"class":3845},[20,16078,16079],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16081,16082],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[37,16084,16086],{"className":39,"code":16085,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16087,16088,16096,16112,16116,16120],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16089,16090,16092,16094],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16091,11656],{"class":52},[46,16093,57],{"class":56},[46,16095,11661],{"class":60},[46,16097,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106,16108,16110],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16099,11666],{"class":426},[46,16101,10665],{"class":430},[46,16103,427],{"class":426},[46,16105,198],{"class":60},[46,16107,438],{"class":426},[46,16109,7849],{"class":430},[46,16111,3544],{"class":426},[46,16113,16114],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,16115,1105],{"class":60},[46,16117,16118],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,16119,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,16121,16122,16124,16126,16128],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,16123,91],{"class":90},[46,16125,94],{"class":60},[46,16127,11750],{"class":102},[46,16129,215],{"class":60},[32,16131,9613],{"id":9612},[20,16133,16134,16136],{},[15,16135,9292],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16138,16139],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[37,16141,16143],{"className":39,"code":16142,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16144,16145,16202,16206,16220,16224],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16146,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16198,16200],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16148,9385],{"class":52},[46,16150,57],{"class":56},[46,16152,9390],{"class":60},[46,16154,427],{"class":426},[46,16156,1009],{"class":430},[46,16158,427],{"class":426},[46,16160,68],{"class":60},[46,16162,438],{"class":426},[46,16164,1018],{"class":430},[46,16166,427],{"class":426},[46,16168,9403],{"class":60},[46,16170,9406],{"class":60},[46,16172,427],{"class":426},[46,16174,9468],{"class":430},[46,16176,427],{"class":426},[46,16178,68],{"class":60},[46,16180,7962],{"class":64},[46,16182,9403],{"class":60},[46,16184,9406],{"class":60},[46,16186,427],{"class":426},[46,16188,10578],{"class":430},[46,16190,427],{"class":426},[46,16192,68],{"class":60},[46,16194,438],{"class":426},[46,16196,16197],{"class":430},"Lima",[46,16199,427],{"class":426},[46,16201,9419],{"class":60},[46,16203,16204],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16205,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,16207,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,16209,13032],{"class":52},[46,16211,57],{"class":56},[46,16213,9342],{"class":1270},[46,16215,94],{"class":60},[46,16217,9432],{"class":102},[46,16219,215],{"class":60},[46,16221,16222],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,16223,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,16225,16226,16228,16230,16232],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,16227,91],{"class":90},[46,16229,94],{"class":60},[46,16231,13793],{"class":102},[46,16233,215],{"class":60},[20,16235,16236],{},[3924,16237,143],{},[37,16239,16241],{"className":39,"code":16240,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16242,16243],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16244,16245,16247,16249,16251,16253,16255,16257,16259,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16246,1185],{"class":60},[46,16248,1188],{"class":426},[46,16250,1009],{"class":430},[46,16252,1188],{"class":426},[46,16254,198],{"class":60},[46,16256,1197],{"class":426},[46,16258,1018],{"class":430},[46,16260,1188],{"class":426},[46,16262,68],{"class":60},[46,16264,1197],{"class":426},[46,16266,9468],{"class":430},[46,16268,1188],{"class":426},[46,16270,198],{"class":60},[46,16272,7962],{"class":64},[46,16274,68],{"class":60},[46,16276,1197],{"class":426},[46,16278,10578],{"class":430},[46,16280,1188],{"class":426},[46,16282,198],{"class":60},[46,16284,1197],{"class":426},[46,16286,16197],{"class":430},[46,16288,1188],{"class":426},[46,16290,1105],{"class":60},[20,16292,16293],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[37,16295,16297],{"className":39,"code":16296,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16298,16299,16340],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16300,16301,16303,16305,16307,16310,16312,16314,16316,16318,16320,16322,16324,16326,16328,16330,16332,16334,16336,16338],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16302,13032],{"class":52},[46,16304,57],{"class":56},[46,16306,9342],{"class":1270},[46,16308,16309],{"class":60},"(((",[46,16311,427],{"class":426},[46,16313,1009],{"class":430},[46,16315,427],{"class":426},[46,16317,68],{"class":60},[46,16319,438],{"class":426},[46,16321,1018],{"class":430},[46,16323,427],{"class":426},[46,16325,9403],{"class":60},[46,16327,9406],{"class":60},[46,16329,427],{"class":426},[46,16331,9468],{"class":430},[46,16333,427],{"class":426},[46,16335,68],{"class":60},[46,16337,7962],{"class":64},[46,16339,3099],{"class":60},[46,16341,16342,16344,16346,16348],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16343,91],{"class":90},[46,16345,94],{"class":60},[46,16347,13793],{"class":102},[46,16349,215],{"class":60},[20,16351,16352],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[32,16354,16356],{"id":16355},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16358,16359],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[172,16361,16362,16365,16368,16371],{},[175,16363,16364],{},"Keys must be unique",[175,16366,16367],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[175,16369,16370],{},"Values can repeat",[175,16372,16373],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[283,16375,16377],{"id":16376},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[37,16379,16381],{"className":39,"code":16380,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16382,16383,16391,16409,16426,16430,16434],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16384,16385,16387,16389],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16386,1487],{"class":52},[46,16388,57],{"class":56},[46,16390,11661],{"class":60},[46,16392,16393,16395,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16394,11666],{"class":426},[46,16396,1009],{"class":430},[46,16398,427],{"class":426},[46,16400,198],{"class":60},[46,16402,438],{"class":426},[46,16404,1018],{"class":430},[46,16406,427],{"class":426},[46,16408,11682],{"class":60},[46,16410,16411,16413,16415,16417,16419,16421,16424],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,16412,11666],{"class":426},[46,16414,1009],{"class":430},[46,16416,427],{"class":426},[46,16418,198],{"class":60},[46,16420,438],{"class":426},[46,16422,16423],{"class":430},"Maria",[46,16425,3544],{"class":426},[46,16427,16428],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,16429,1105],{"class":60},[46,16431,16432],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,16433,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,16435,16436,16438,16440,16442],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,16437,91],{"class":90},[46,16439,94],{"class":60},[46,16441,1523],{"class":102},[46,16443,215],{"class":60},[20,16445,16446],{},[3924,16447,143],{},[37,16449,16451],{"className":39,"code":16450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16452,16453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16454,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16456,1185],{"class":60},[46,16458,1188],{"class":426},[46,16460,1009],{"class":430},[46,16462,1188],{"class":426},[46,16464,198],{"class":60},[46,16466,1197],{"class":426},[46,16468,16423],{"class":430},[46,16470,1188],{"class":426},[46,16472,1105],{"class":60},[20,16474,16475],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[283,16477,16479],{"id":16478},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[37,16481,16483],{"className":39,"code":16482,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16484,16485,16493,16509,16525,16539,16543,16547],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16486,16487,16489,16491],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16488,596],{"class":52},[46,16490,57],{"class":56},[46,16492,11661],{"class":60},[46,16494,16495,16498,16500,16502,16505,16507],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16496,16497],{"class":64},"    1",[46,16499,198],{"class":60},[46,16501,438],{"class":426},[46,16503,16504],{"class":430},"low",[46,16506,427],{"class":426},[46,16508,11682],{"class":60},[46,16510,16511,16514,16516,16518,16521,16523],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,16512,16513],{"class":64},"    2",[46,16515,198],{"class":60},[46,16517,438],{"class":426},[46,16519,16520],{"class":430},"medium",[46,16522,427],{"class":426},[46,16524,11682],{"class":60},[46,16526,16527,16530,16532,16534,16537],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,16528,16529],{"class":64},"    3",[46,16531,198],{"class":60},[46,16533,438],{"class":426},[46,16535,16536],{"class":430},"high",[46,16538,3544],{"class":426},[46,16540,16541],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,16542,1105],{"class":60},[46,16544,16545],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,16546,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,16548,16549,16551,16553,16555],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,16550,91],{"class":90},[46,16552,94],{"class":60},[46,16554,633],{"class":102},[46,16556,215],{"class":60},[283,16558,16560],{"id":16559},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16562,16563],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16565,16566],{},"This will cause an error:",[37,16568,16570],{"className":39,"code":16569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16571,16572,16577,16582],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16573,16574],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16575,16576],{"class":3845},"# bad = {\n",[46,16578,16579],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16580,16581],{"class":3845},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[46,16583,16584],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,16585,16586],{"class":3845},"# }\n",[20,16588,16589],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[37,16591,16593],{"className":39,"code":16592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16594,16595,16604,16624,16628,16632],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16596,16597,16600,16602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16598,16599],{"class":52},"good ",[46,16601,57],{"class":56},[46,16603,11661],{"class":60},[46,16605,16606,16609,16611,16613,16615,16618,16620,16622],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16607,16608],{"class":60},"    (",[46,16610,3175],{"class":64},[46,16612,68],{"class":60},[46,16614,71],{"class":64},[46,16616,16617],{"class":60},"):",[46,16619,438],{"class":426},[46,16621,103],{"class":430},[46,16623,3544],{"class":426},[46,16625,16626],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,16627,1105],{"class":60},[46,16629,16630],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,16631,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,16633,16634,16636,16638,16641],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,16635,91],{"class":90},[46,16637,94],{"class":60},[46,16639,16640],{"class":102},"good",[46,16642,215],{"class":60},[32,16644,16646],{"id":16645},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16648,16649],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16651,16652],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[172,16654,16655,16658,16660,16663],{},[175,16656,16657],{},"user data",[175,16659,14052],{},[175,16661,16662],{},"counters",[175,16664,16665],{},"lookups",[20,16667,2393],{},[37,16669,16671],{"className":39,"code":16670,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16672,16673,16681,16700,16719,16731,16735,16739],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16674,16675,16677,16679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16676,11656],{"class":52},[46,16678,57],{"class":56},[46,16680,11661],{"class":60},[46,16682,16683,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16696,16698],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16684,11666],{"class":426},[46,16686,8156],{"class":430},[46,16688,427],{"class":426},[46,16690,198],{"class":60},[46,16692,438],{"class":426},[46,16694,16695],{"class":430},"ana123",[46,16697,427],{"class":426},[46,16699,11682],{"class":60},[46,16701,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710,16712,16715,16717],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,16703,11666],{"class":426},[46,16705,15425],{"class":430},[46,16707,427],{"class":426},[46,16709,198],{"class":60},[46,16711,438],{"class":426},[46,16713,16714],{"class":430},"ana@example.com",[46,16716,427],{"class":426},[46,16718,11682],{"class":60},[46,16720,16721,16723,16725,16727,16729],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,16722,11666],{"class":426},[46,16724,12682],{"class":430},[46,16726,427],{"class":426},[46,16728,198],{"class":60},[46,16730,6595],{"class":1325},[46,16732,16733],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,16734,1105],{"class":60},[46,16736,16737],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,16738,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,16740,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749,16751,16753,16755],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,16742,91],{"class":90},[46,16744,94],{"class":60},[46,16746,11750],{"class":102},[46,16748,1152],{"class":60},[46,16750,427],{"class":426},[46,16752,15425],{"class":430},[46,16754,427],{"class":426},[46,16756,1161],{"class":60},[20,16758,16759,16760,507],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[501,16761,16763],{"href":16762},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16765,16766],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[172,16768,16769,16772,16775],{},[175,16770,16771],{},"labels are not needed",[175,16773,16774],{},"you mostly care about position",[175,16776,16777],{},"order matters more than named fields",[32,16779,1834],{"id":1833},[20,16781,16782],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[172,16784,16785,16788,16791,16794,16797],{},[175,16786,16787],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[175,16789,16790],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[175,16792,16793],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[175,16795,16796],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[175,16798,16799,16800,16802],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16801,3973],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[283,16804,16806],{"id":16805},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16808,16809],{},"Wrong:",[37,16811,16813],{"className":39,"code":16812,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16814,16815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16816,16817],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16818,16812],{"class":3845},[20,16820,16821],{},"Correct:",[37,16823,16825],{"className":39,"code":16824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16826,16827,16851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16828,16829,16831,16833,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16830,13032],{"class":52},[46,16832,57],{"class":56},[46,16834,10660],{"class":60},[46,16836,427],{"class":426},[46,16838,1009],{"class":430},[46,16840,427],{"class":426},[46,16842,198],{"class":60},[46,16844,438],{"class":426},[46,16846,1018],{"class":430},[46,16848,427],{"class":426},[46,16850,1105],{"class":60},[46,16852,16853,16855,16857,16859],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16854,91],{"class":90},[46,16856,94],{"class":60},[46,16858,13793],{"class":102},[46,16860,215],{"class":60},[283,16862,16864],{"id":16863},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16866,16809],{},[37,16868,16870],{"className":39,"code":16869,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16871,16872],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16873,16874],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16875,16869],{"class":3845},[20,16877,16878,16879,16881,16882,16884],{},"This only works if ",[15,16880,1009],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16883,15406],{},", use quotes.",[20,16886,16821],{},[37,16888,16889],{"className":39,"code":16824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,16890,16891,16915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16892,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16894,13032],{"class":52},[46,16896,57],{"class":56},[46,16898,10660],{"class":60},[46,16900,427],{"class":426},[46,16902,1009],{"class":430},[46,16904,427],{"class":426},[46,16906,198],{"class":60},[46,16908,438],{"class":426},[46,16910,1018],{"class":430},[46,16912,427],{"class":426},[46,16914,1105],{"class":60},[46,16916,16917,16919,16921,16923],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16918,91],{"class":90},[46,16920,94],{"class":60},[46,16922,13793],{"class":102},[46,16924,215],{"class":60},[283,16926,16928],{"id":16927},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[37,16930,16932],{"className":39,"code":16931,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16933,16934,16966],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16935,16936,16938,16940,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16937,1487],{"class":52},[46,16939,57],{"class":56},[46,16941,10660],{"class":60},[46,16943,427],{"class":426},[46,16945,9468],{"class":430},[46,16947,427],{"class":426},[46,16949,198],{"class":60},[46,16951,7962],{"class":64},[46,16953,68],{"class":60},[46,16955,438],{"class":426},[46,16957,9468],{"class":430},[46,16959,427],{"class":426},[46,16961,198],{"class":60},[46,16963,7967],{"class":64},[46,16965,1105],{"class":60},[46,16967,16968,16970,16972,16974],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,16969,91],{"class":90},[46,16971,94],{"class":60},[46,16973,1523],{"class":102},[46,16975,215],{"class":60},[20,16977,16978],{},[3924,16979,143],{},[37,16981,16983],{"className":39,"code":16982,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16984,16985],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,16986,16987,16989,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,16988,1185],{"class":60},[46,16990,1188],{"class":426},[46,16992,9468],{"class":430},[46,16994,1188],{"class":426},[46,16996,198],{"class":60},[46,16998,7967],{"class":64},[46,17000,1105],{"class":60},[32,17002,17004],{"id":17003},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,17006,17007],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[37,17009,17011],{"className":39,"code":17010,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,17012,17013,17049,17053,17063,17077,17092,17106],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17014,17015,17017,17019,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031,17033,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17016,11893],{"class":52},[46,17018,57],{"class":56},[46,17020,10660],{"class":60},[46,17022,427],{"class":426},[46,17024,1009],{"class":430},[46,17026,427],{"class":426},[46,17028,198],{"class":60},[46,17030,438],{"class":426},[46,17032,1018],{"class":430},[46,17034,427],{"class":426},[46,17036,68],{"class":60},[46,17038,438],{"class":426},[46,17040,9468],{"class":430},[46,17042,427],{"class":426},[46,17044,198],{"class":60},[46,17046,7962],{"class":64},[46,17048,1105],{"class":60},[46,17050,17051],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,17052,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,17054,17055,17057,17059,17061],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,17056,91],{"class":90},[46,17058,94],{"class":60},[46,17060,11618],{"class":102},[46,17062,215],{"class":60},[46,17064,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,17066,91],{"class":90},[46,17068,94],{"class":60},[46,17070,1889],{"class":1270},[46,17072,94],{"class":60},[46,17074,11618],{"class":102},[46,17076,106],{"class":60},[46,17078,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087,17090],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,17080,91],{"class":90},[46,17082,94],{"class":60},[46,17084,11618],{"class":102},[46,17086,507],{"class":60},[46,17088,17089],{"class":102},"keys",[46,17091,7367],{"class":60},[46,17093,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,17095,91],{"class":90},[46,17097,94],{"class":60},[46,17099,11618],{"class":102},[46,17101,507],{"class":60},[46,17103,5530],{"class":102},[46,17105,7367],{"class":60},[46,17107,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,17109,91],{"class":90},[46,17111,94],{"class":60},[46,17113,476],{"class":90},[46,17115,94],{"class":60},[46,17117,11618],{"class":102},[46,17119,106],{"class":60},[20,17121,17122],{},[3924,17123,17124],{},"Example output:",[37,17126,17128],{"className":39,"code":17127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17129,17130,17162,17176,17199,17218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17131,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17133,1185],{"class":60},[46,17135,1188],{"class":426},[46,17137,1009],{"class":430},[46,17139,1188],{"class":426},[46,17141,198],{"class":60},[46,17143,1197],{"class":426},[46,17145,1018],{"class":430},[46,17147,1188],{"class":426},[46,17149,68],{"class":60},[46,17151,1197],{"class":426},[46,17153,9468],{"class":430},[46,17155,1188],{"class":426},[46,17157,198],{"class":60},[46,17159,7962],{"class":64},[46,17161,1105],{"class":60},[46,17163,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,17165,3476],{"class":56},[46,17167,3479],{"class":1140},[46,17169,1197],{"class":426},[46,17171,8993],{"class":430},[46,17173,1188],{"class":426},[46,17175,3488],{"class":56},[46,17177,17178,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193,17195,17197],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,17179,17180],{"class":102},"dict_keys",[46,17182,3172],{"class":60},[46,17184,1188],{"class":426},[46,17186,1009],{"class":430},[46,17188,1188],{"class":426},[46,17190,68],{"class":60},[46,17192,1197],{"class":426},[46,17194,9468],{"class":430},[46,17196,1188],{"class":426},[46,17198,1161],{"class":60},[46,17200,17201,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,17202,17203],{"class":102},"dict_values",[46,17205,3172],{"class":60},[46,17207,1188],{"class":426},[46,17209,1018],{"class":430},[46,17211,1188],{"class":426},[46,17213,68],{"class":60},[46,17215,7962],{"class":64},[46,17217,1161],{"class":60},[46,17219,17220],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,17221,17222],{"class":64},"2\n",[20,17224,17225,17226,2374,17232,17238,17239,507],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[501,17227,10906,17229],{"href":17228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17230,17231],{},"keys()",[501,17233,10906,17235],{"href":17234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17236,17237],{},"values()",", and ",[501,17240,10906,17242],{"href":17241},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17243,17244],{},"items()",[32,17246,1991],{"id":1990},[283,17248,17250],{"id":17249},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17252,160,17253,3065,17255,17257],{},[15,17254,3973],{},[15,17256,9292],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[283,17259,17261],{"id":17260},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17263,17264,17265,507],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17266,17267],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[283,17269,17271],{"id":17270},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17273,17274],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[283,17276,17278],{"id":17277},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17280,17281],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[283,17283,2048,17285,2051,17287,2035],{"id":17284},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17286,3973],{},[15,17288,9292],{},[20,17290,17291,17293,17294,17296],{},[15,17292,3973],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17295,9292],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[32,17298,2065],{"id":2064},[172,17300,17301,17305,17311,17315,17321],{},[175,17302,17303],{},[501,17304,9328],{"href":9327},[175,17306,17307],{},[501,17308,10906,17309,10910],{"href":10905},[15,17310,10909],{},[175,17312,17313],{},[501,17314,11419],{"href":10900},[175,17316,17317],{},[501,17318,17320],{"href":17319},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[175,17322,17323],{},[501,17324,11430],{"href":11242},[20,17326,17327],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2103,17329,17330],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":17332},[17333,17334,17335,17336,17339,17342,17347,17348,17353,17354,17359,17360,17368],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":15328,"depth":87,"text":15329},{"id":15346,"depth":87,"text":15334},{"id":15431,"depth":87,"text":15432,"children":17337},[17338],{"id":15583,"depth":109,"text":15584},{"id":9570,"depth":87,"text":9571,"children":17340},[17341],{"id":15762,"depth":109,"text":15763},{"id":15875,"depth":87,"text":17343,"children":17344},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17345],{"id":16001,"depth":109,"text":17346},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9612,"depth":87,"text":9613},{"id":16355,"depth":87,"text":16356,"children":17349},[17350,17351,17352],{"id":16376,"depth":109,"text":16377},{"id":16478,"depth":109,"text":16479},{"id":16559,"depth":109,"text":16560},{"id":16645,"depth":87,"text":16646},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":17355},[17356,17357,17358],{"id":16805,"depth":109,"text":16806},{"id":16863,"depth":109,"text":16864},{"id":16927,"depth":109,"text":16928},{"id":17003,"depth":87,"text":17004},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":17361},[17362,17363,17364,17365,17366],{"id":17249,"depth":109,"text":17250},{"id":17260,"depth":109,"text":17261},{"id":17270,"depth":109,"text":17271},{"id":17277,"depth":109,"text":17278},{"id":17284,"depth":109,"text":17367},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15171,"description":17369},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17375,"title":17376,"body":17377,"description":19828,"extension":2150,"meta":19829,"navigation":112,"path":19830,"seo":19831,"stem":19832,"__hash__":19833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17378,"toc":19784},[17379,17385,17391,17394,17397,17399,17481,17487,17492,17496,17514,17526,17531,17535,17558,17562,17574,17582,17586,17592,17594,17597,17672,17674,17719,17721,17738,17743,17749,17754,17828,17830,17875,17878,17889,17891,18010,18012,18065,18072,18076,18079,18096,18102,18106,18204,18206,18258,18265,18269,18275,18278,18281,18308,18313,18317,18320,18424,18426,18471,18474,18477,18482,18487,18498,18500,18561,18621,18627,18635,18641,18646,18651,18711,18715,18782,18785,18789,18860,18863,18876,18883,18885,18889,18893,18964,18966,19003,19006,19009,19072,19079,19082,19124,19134,19137,19206,19212,19217,19301,19303,19352,19359,19365,19410,19412,19445,19450,19454,19460,19499,19543,19611,19654,19656,19662,19665,19669,19674,19678,19681,19685,19687,19748,19750,19776,19781],[10,17380,11486,17382,11490],{"id":17381},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17383,17384],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17386,17387,17390],{},[15,17388,17389],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17392,17393],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17395,17396],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[32,17398,35],{"id":34},[37,17400,17402],{"className":39,"code":17401,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17403,17404,17437,17465,17476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17405,17406,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17407,17408],{"class":52},"keys ",[46,17410,57],{"class":56},[46,17412,61],{"class":60},[46,17414,427],{"class":426},[46,17416,1009],{"class":430},[46,17418,427],{"class":426},[46,17420,68],{"class":60},[46,17422,438],{"class":426},[46,17424,9468],{"class":430},[46,17426,427],{"class":426},[46,17428,68],{"class":60},[46,17430,438],{"class":426},[46,17432,10578],{"class":430},[46,17434,427],{"class":426},[46,17436,84],{"class":60},[46,17438,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17461,17463],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,17440,13372],{"class":52},[46,17442,57],{"class":56},[46,17444,9342],{"class":1270},[46,17446,507],{"class":60},[46,17448,17449],{"class":102},"fromkeys",[46,17451,94],{"class":60},[46,17453,17089],{"class":102},[46,17455,68],{"class":60},[46,17457,438],{"class":426},[46,17459,17460],{"class":430},"unknown",[46,17462,427],{"class":426},[46,17464,215],{"class":60},[46,17466,17467,17469,17471,17474],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,17468,91],{"class":90},[46,17470,94],{"class":60},[46,17472,17473],{"class":102},"person",[46,17475,215],{"class":60},[46,17477,17478],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,17479,17480],{"class":3845},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17482,160,17483,17486],{},[15,17484,17485],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[32,17488,167,17490,170],{"id":17489},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17491,17389],{},[20,17493,17494,198],{},[15,17495,17389],{},[172,17497,17498,17501,17504,17507],{},[175,17499,17500],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[175,17502,17503],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[175,17505,17506],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[175,17508,17509,17510,17513],{},"Is called as ",[15,17511,17512],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17515,17516,17517,17519,17520,17522,17523,507],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17518,8993],{},", so you write ",[15,17521,17512],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17524,17525],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17527,17528,17529,507],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[501,17530,9328],{"href":13190},[32,17532,17534],{"id":17533},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[37,17536,17538],{"className":39,"code":17537,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17539,17540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17541,17542,17544,17546,17548,17550,17552,17554,17556],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17543,8993],{"class":1270},[46,17545,507],{"class":60},[46,17547,17449],{"class":102},[46,17549,94],{"class":60},[46,17551,212],{"class":102},[46,17553,68],{"class":60},[46,17555,8605],{"class":102},[46,17557,215],{"class":60},[283,17559,17561],{"id":17560},"parameters","Parameters",[172,17563,17564,17569],{},[175,17565,17566,17568],{},[15,17567,212],{},": the keys to use",[175,17570,17571,17573],{},[15,17572,2659],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17575,17576,17577,17579,17580,507],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17578,2659],{},", each key gets ",[15,17581,1326],{},[283,17583,17585],{"id":17584},"return-value","Return value",[20,17587,17588,17589,507],{},"It returns a ",[3924,17590,17591],{},"new dictionary",[32,17593,5958],{"id":5957},[20,17595,17596],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[37,17598,17600],{"className":39,"code":17599,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17601,17602,17635,17657,17661],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17603,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17605,17408],{"class":52},[46,17607,57],{"class":56},[46,17609,61],{"class":60},[46,17611,427],{"class":426},[46,17613,13260],{"class":430},[46,17615,427],{"class":426},[46,17617,68],{"class":60},[46,17619,438],{"class":426},[46,17621,17622],{"class":430},"green",[46,17624,427],{"class":426},[46,17626,68],{"class":60},[46,17628,438],{"class":426},[46,17630,13277],{"class":430},[46,17632,427],{"class":426},[46,17634,84],{"class":60},[46,17636,17637,17639,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,17638,13243],{"class":52},[46,17640,57],{"class":56},[46,17642,9342],{"class":1270},[46,17644,507],{"class":60},[46,17646,17449],{"class":102},[46,17648,94],{"class":60},[46,17650,17089],{"class":102},[46,17652,68],{"class":60},[46,17654,4015],{"class":64},[46,17656,215],{"class":60},[46,17658,17659],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,17660,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,17662,17663,17665,17667,17670],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,17664,91],{"class":90},[46,17666,94],{"class":60},[46,17668,17669],{"class":102},"colors",[46,17671,215],{"class":60},[20,17673,143],{},[37,17675,17677],{"className":39,"code":17676,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17678,17679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17680,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17682,1185],{"class":60},[46,17684,1188],{"class":426},[46,17686,13260],{"class":430},[46,17688,1188],{"class":426},[46,17690,198],{"class":60},[46,17692,4015],{"class":64},[46,17694,68],{"class":60},[46,17696,1197],{"class":426},[46,17698,17622],{"class":430},[46,17700,1188],{"class":426},[46,17702,198],{"class":60},[46,17704,4015],{"class":64},[46,17706,68],{"class":60},[46,17708,1197],{"class":426},[46,17710,13277],{"class":430},[46,17712,1188],{"class":426},[46,17714,198],{"class":60},[46,17716,4015],{"class":64},[46,17718,1105],{"class":60},[20,17720,11852],{},[172,17722,17723,17728,17733],{},[175,17724,17725,17727],{},[15,17726,17089],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[175,17729,17730,17732],{},[15,17731,554],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[175,17734,17735,17737],{},[15,17736,17389],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17739,17740,17741,507],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[501,17742,9560],{"href":13193},[32,17744,578,17746,17748],{"id":17745},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17747,17384],{}," without a value",[20,17750,17751,17752,507],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17753,1326],{},[37,17755,17757],{"className":39,"code":17756,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17758,17759,17793,17813,17817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17760,17761,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17789,17791],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17762,17763],{"class":52},"fields ",[46,17765,57],{"class":56},[46,17767,61],{"class":60},[46,17769,427],{"class":426},[46,17771,8156],{"class":430},[46,17773,427],{"class":426},[46,17775,68],{"class":60},[46,17777,438],{"class":426},[46,17779,15425],{"class":430},[46,17781,427],{"class":426},[46,17783,68],{"class":60},[46,17785,438],{"class":426},[46,17787,17788],{"class":430},"password",[46,17790,427],{"class":426},[46,17792,84],{"class":60},[46,17794,17795,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806,17808,17811],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,17796,17797],{"class":52},"user_data ",[46,17799,57],{"class":56},[46,17801,9342],{"class":1270},[46,17803,507],{"class":60},[46,17805,17449],{"class":102},[46,17807,94],{"class":60},[46,17809,17810],{"class":102},"fields",[46,17812,215],{"class":60},[46,17814,17815],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,17816,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,17818,17819,17821,17823,17826],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,17820,91],{"class":90},[46,17822,94],{"class":60},[46,17824,17825],{"class":102},"user_data",[46,17827,215],{"class":60},[20,17829,143],{},[37,17831,17833],{"className":39,"code":17832,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17834,17835],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17836,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17838,1185],{"class":60},[46,17840,1188],{"class":426},[46,17842,8156],{"class":430},[46,17844,1188],{"class":426},[46,17846,198],{"class":60},[46,17848,4034],{"class":1325},[46,17850,68],{"class":60},[46,17852,1197],{"class":426},[46,17854,15425],{"class":430},[46,17856,1188],{"class":426},[46,17858,198],{"class":60},[46,17860,4034],{"class":1325},[46,17862,68],{"class":60},[46,17864,1197],{"class":426},[46,17866,17788],{"class":430},[46,17868,1188],{"class":426},[46,17870,198],{"class":60},[46,17872,4034],{"class":1325},[46,17874,1105],{"class":60},[20,17876,17877],{},"This is useful when:",[172,17879,17880,17883,17886],{},[175,17881,17882],{},"You want to create the keys first",[175,17884,17885],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[175,17887,17888],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17890,2393],{},[37,17892,17894],{"className":39,"code":17893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17895,17896,17928,17946,17950,17973,17996,18000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,17897,17898,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17920,17922,17924,17926],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,17899,17763],{"class":52},[46,17901,57],{"class":56},[46,17903,61],{"class":60},[46,17905,427],{"class":426},[46,17907,8156],{"class":430},[46,17909,427],{"class":426},[46,17911,68],{"class":60},[46,17913,438],{"class":426},[46,17915,15425],{"class":430},[46,17917,427],{"class":426},[46,17919,68],{"class":60},[46,17921,438],{"class":426},[46,17923,17788],{"class":430},[46,17925,427],{"class":426},[46,17927,84],{"class":60},[46,17929,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,17931,17797],{"class":52},[46,17933,57],{"class":56},[46,17935,9342],{"class":1270},[46,17937,507],{"class":60},[46,17939,17449],{"class":102},[46,17941,94],{"class":60},[46,17943,17810],{"class":102},[46,17945,215],{"class":60},[46,17947,17948],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,17949,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,17951,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17971],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,17953,17825],{"class":52},[46,17955,1152],{"class":60},[46,17957,427],{"class":426},[46,17959,8156],{"class":430},[46,17961,427],{"class":426},[46,17963,13441],{"class":60},[46,17965,13444],{"class":56},[46,17967,438],{"class":426},[46,17969,17970],{"class":430},"alice",[46,17972,3544],{"class":426},[46,17974,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17994],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,17976,17825],{"class":52},[46,17978,1152],{"class":60},[46,17980,427],{"class":426},[46,17982,15425],{"class":430},[46,17984,427],{"class":426},[46,17986,13441],{"class":60},[46,17988,13444],{"class":56},[46,17990,438],{"class":426},[46,17992,17993],{"class":430},"alice@example.com",[46,17995,3544],{"class":426},[46,17997,17998],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,17999,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,18001,18002,18004,18006,18008],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,18003,91],{"class":90},[46,18005,94],{"class":60},[46,18007,17825],{"class":102},[46,18009,215],{"class":60},[20,18011,143],{},[37,18013,18015],{"className":39,"code":18014,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,18016,18017],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18018,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049,18051,18053,18055,18057,18059,18061,18063],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18020,1185],{"class":60},[46,18022,1188],{"class":426},[46,18024,8156],{"class":430},[46,18026,1188],{"class":426},[46,18028,198],{"class":60},[46,18030,1197],{"class":426},[46,18032,17970],{"class":430},[46,18034,1188],{"class":426},[46,18036,68],{"class":60},[46,18038,1197],{"class":426},[46,18040,15425],{"class":430},[46,18042,1188],{"class":426},[46,18044,198],{"class":60},[46,18046,1197],{"class":426},[46,18048,17993],{"class":430},[46,18050,1188],{"class":426},[46,18052,68],{"class":60},[46,18054,1197],{"class":426},[46,18056,17788],{"class":430},[46,18058,1188],{"class":426},[46,18060,198],{"class":60},[46,18062,4034],{"class":1325},[46,18064,1105],{"class":60},[20,18066,18067,18068,507],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[501,18069,18071],{"href":18070},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[32,18073,18075],{"id":18074},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18077,18078],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[172,18080,18081,18086,18091],{},[175,18082,18083,18085],{},[15,18084,3968],{}," (list)",[175,18087,18088,18090],{},[15,18089,3973],{}," (dictionary)",[175,18092,18093,18095],{},[15,18094,3978],{}," (set)",[20,18097,18098,18099,507],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3924,18100,18101],{},"same object",[283,18103,18105],{"id":18104},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[37,18107,18109],{"className":39,"code":18108,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18110,18111,18143,18164,18168,18190,18194],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18112,18113,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18114,17408],{"class":52},[46,18116,57],{"class":56},[46,18118,61],{"class":60},[46,18120,427],{"class":426},[46,18122,501],{"class":430},[46,18124,427],{"class":426},[46,18126,68],{"class":60},[46,18128,438],{"class":426},[46,18130,4935],{"class":430},[46,18132,427],{"class":426},[46,18134,68],{"class":60},[46,18136,438],{"class":426},[46,18138,9908],{"class":430},[46,18140,427],{"class":426},[46,18142,84],{"class":60},[46,18144,18145,18147,18149,18151,18153,18155,18157,18159,18161],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18146,1487],{"class":52},[46,18148,57],{"class":56},[46,18150,9342],{"class":1270},[46,18152,507],{"class":60},[46,18154,17449],{"class":102},[46,18156,94],{"class":60},[46,18158,17089],{"class":102},[46,18160,68],{"class":60},[46,18162,18163],{"class":60}," [])\n",[46,18165,18166],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,18167,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,18169,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,18171,1523],{"class":52},[46,18173,1152],{"class":60},[46,18175,427],{"class":426},[46,18177,501],{"class":430},[46,18179,427],{"class":426},[46,18181,13717],{"class":60},[46,18183,13720],{"class":102},[46,18185,94],{"class":60},[46,18187,3175],{"class":64},[46,18189,215],{"class":60},[46,18191,18192],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,18193,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,18195,18196,18198,18200,18202],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,18197,91],{"class":90},[46,18199,94],{"class":60},[46,18201,1523],{"class":102},[46,18203,215],{"class":60},[20,18205,143],{},[37,18207,18209],{"className":39,"code":18208,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18210,18211],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18212,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225,18227,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254,18256],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18214,1185],{"class":60},[46,18216,1188],{"class":426},[46,18218,501],{"class":430},[46,18220,1188],{"class":426},[46,18222,198],{"class":60},[46,18224,61],{"class":60},[46,18226,3175],{"class":64},[46,18228,18229],{"class":60},"],",[46,18231,1197],{"class":426},[46,18233,4935],{"class":430},[46,18235,1188],{"class":426},[46,18237,198],{"class":60},[46,18239,61],{"class":60},[46,18241,3175],{"class":64},[46,18243,18229],{"class":60},[46,18245,1197],{"class":426},[46,18247,9908],{"class":430},[46,18249,1188],{"class":426},[46,18251,198],{"class":60},[46,18253,61],{"class":60},[46,18255,3175],{"class":64},[46,18257,13873],{"class":60},[20,18259,18260,18261,18264],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18262,18263],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[283,18266,18268],{"id":18267},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18270,18271,18274],{},[15,18272,18273],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18276,18277],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18279,18280],{},"So this:",[37,18282,18284],{"className":39,"code":18283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18285,18286],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18287,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18289,1523],{"class":52},[46,18291,1152],{"class":60},[46,18293,427],{"class":426},[46,18295,501],{"class":430},[46,18297,427],{"class":426},[46,18299,13717],{"class":60},[46,18301,13720],{"class":102},[46,18303,94],{"class":60},[46,18305,3175],{"class":64},[46,18307,215],{"class":60},[20,18309,18310,18311,507],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18312,18263],{},[283,18314,18316],{"id":18315},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18318,18319],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[37,18321,18323],{"className":39,"code":18322,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18324,18325,18357,18384,18388,18410,18414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18326,18327,18329,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18328,17408],{"class":52},[46,18330,57],{"class":56},[46,18332,61],{"class":60},[46,18334,427],{"class":426},[46,18336,501],{"class":430},[46,18338,427],{"class":426},[46,18340,68],{"class":60},[46,18342,438],{"class":426},[46,18344,4935],{"class":430},[46,18346,427],{"class":426},[46,18348,68],{"class":60},[46,18350,438],{"class":426},[46,18352,9908],{"class":430},[46,18354,427],{"class":426},[46,18356,84],{"class":60},[46,18358,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18372,18374,18377,18379,18382],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18360,1487],{"class":52},[46,18362,57],{"class":56},[46,18364,10660],{"class":60},[46,18366,408],{"class":52},[46,18368,198],{"class":60},[46,18370,18371],{"class":60}," []",[46,18373,1596],{"class":1595},[46,18375,18376],{"class":52}," key ",[46,18378,1602],{"class":1595},[46,18380,18381],{"class":52}," keys",[46,18383,1105],{"class":60},[46,18385,18386],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,18387,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,18389,18390,18392,18394,18396,18398,18400,18402,18404,18406,18408],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,18391,1523],{"class":52},[46,18393,1152],{"class":60},[46,18395,427],{"class":426},[46,18397,501],{"class":430},[46,18399,427],{"class":426},[46,18401,13717],{"class":60},[46,18403,13720],{"class":102},[46,18405,94],{"class":60},[46,18407,3175],{"class":64},[46,18409,215],{"class":60},[46,18411,18412],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,18413,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,18415,18416,18418,18420,18422],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,18417,91],{"class":90},[46,18419,94],{"class":60},[46,18421,1523],{"class":102},[46,18423,215],{"class":60},[20,18425,143],{},[37,18427,18429],{"className":39,"code":18428,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18430,18431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18432,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18434,1185],{"class":60},[46,18436,1188],{"class":426},[46,18438,501],{"class":430},[46,18440,1188],{"class":426},[46,18442,198],{"class":60},[46,18444,61],{"class":60},[46,18446,3175],{"class":64},[46,18448,18229],{"class":60},[46,18450,1197],{"class":426},[46,18452,4935],{"class":430},[46,18454,1188],{"class":426},[46,18456,198],{"class":60},[46,18458,18459],{"class":60}," [],",[46,18461,1197],{"class":426},[46,18463,9908],{"class":430},[46,18465,1188],{"class":426},[46,18467,198],{"class":60},[46,18469,18470],{"class":60}," []}\n",[20,18472,18473],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18475,18476],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[32,18478,1794,18480],{"id":18479},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18481,17384],{},[20,18483,18484,18486],{},[15,18485,17389],{}," is a good choice when:",[172,18488,18489,18492,18495],{},[175,18490,18491],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[175,18493,18494],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[175,18496,18497],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18499,2311],{},[37,18501,18503],{"className":39,"code":18502,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18504,18505,18550],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18506,18507,18510,18512,18514,18516,18518,18520,18522,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18542,18544,18546,18548],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18508,18509],{"class":52},"flags ",[46,18511,57],{"class":56},[46,18513,9342],{"class":1270},[46,18515,507],{"class":60},[46,18517,17449],{"class":102},[46,18519,3172],{"class":60},[46,18521,427],{"class":426},[46,18523,18524],{"class":430},"is_admin",[46,18526,427],{"class":426},[46,18528,68],{"class":60},[46,18530,438],{"class":426},[46,18532,15245],{"class":430},[46,18534,427],{"class":426},[46,18536,68],{"class":60},[46,18538,438],{"class":426},[46,18540,18541],{"class":430},"is_verified",[46,18543,427],{"class":426},[46,18545,18229],{"class":60},[46,18547,4084],{"class":1325},[46,18549,215],{"class":60},[46,18551,18552,18554,18556,18559],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18553,91],{"class":90},[46,18555,94],{"class":60},[46,18557,18558],{"class":102},"flags",[46,18560,215],{"class":60},[37,18562,18564],{"className":39,"code":18563,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18565,18566,18611],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18567,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18585,18587,18589,18591,18594,18596,18598,18600,18603,18605,18607,18609],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18569,596],{"class":52},[46,18571,57],{"class":56},[46,18573,9342],{"class":1270},[46,18575,507],{"class":60},[46,18577,17449],{"class":102},[46,18579,3172],{"class":60},[46,18581,427],{"class":426},[46,18583,18584],{"class":430},"math",[46,18586,427],{"class":426},[46,18588,68],{"class":60},[46,18590,438],{"class":426},[46,18592,18593],{"class":430},"science",[46,18595,427],{"class":426},[46,18597,68],{"class":60},[46,18599,438],{"class":426},[46,18601,18602],{"class":430},"history",[46,18604,427],{"class":426},[46,18606,18229],{"class":60},[46,18608,4015],{"class":64},[46,18610,215],{"class":60},[46,18612,18613,18615,18617,18619],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18614,91],{"class":90},[46,18616,94],{"class":60},[46,18618,633],{"class":102},[46,18620,215],{"class":60},[20,18622,18623,18624,18626],{},"It is ",[3924,18625,4805],{}," the best choice when:",[172,18628,18629,18632],{},[175,18630,18631],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[175,18633,18634],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[32,18636,18638,18640],{"id":18637},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18639,17384],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18642,18643,18645],{},[15,18644,17384],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[283,18647,578,18649],{"id":18648},"using-fromkeys",[15,18650,17384],{},[37,18652,18654],{"className":39,"code":18653,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18655,18656,18701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18657,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18675,18677,18679,18681,18684,18686,18688,18690,18693,18695,18697,18699],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18659,13993],{"class":52},[46,18661,57],{"class":56},[46,18663,9342],{"class":1270},[46,18665,507],{"class":60},[46,18667,17449],{"class":102},[46,18669,3172],{"class":60},[46,18671,427],{"class":426},[46,18673,18674],{"class":430},"sound",[46,18676,427],{"class":426},[46,18678,68],{"class":60},[46,18680,438],{"class":426},[46,18682,18683],{"class":430},"music",[46,18685,427],{"class":426},[46,18687,68],{"class":60},[46,18689,438],{"class":426},[46,18691,18692],{"class":430},"notifications",[46,18694,427],{"class":426},[46,18696,18229],{"class":60},[46,18698,4093],{"class":1325},[46,18700,215],{"class":60},[46,18702,18703,18705,18707,18709],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18704,91],{"class":90},[46,18706,94],{"class":60},[46,18708,14052],{"class":102},[46,18710,215],{"class":60},[283,18712,18714],{"id":18713},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[37,18716,18718],{"className":39,"code":18717,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18719,18720,18728,18742,18756,18768,18772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18721,18722,18724,18726],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18723,13993],{"class":52},[46,18725,57],{"class":56},[46,18727,11661],{"class":60},[46,18729,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18731,11666],{"class":426},[46,18733,18674],{"class":430},[46,18735,427],{"class":426},[46,18737,198],{"class":60},[46,18739,4093],{"class":1325},[46,18741,11682],{"class":60},[46,18743,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,18745,11666],{"class":426},[46,18747,18683],{"class":430},[46,18749,427],{"class":426},[46,18751,198],{"class":60},[46,18753,4084],{"class":1325},[46,18755,11682],{"class":60},[46,18757,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,18759,11666],{"class":426},[46,18761,18692],{"class":430},[46,18763,427],{"class":426},[46,18765,198],{"class":60},[46,18767,6595],{"class":1325},[46,18769,18770],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,18771,1105],{"class":60},[46,18773,18774,18776,18778,18780],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,18775,91],{"class":90},[46,18777,94],{"class":60},[46,18779,14052],{"class":102},[46,18781,215],{"class":60},[20,18783,18784],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[283,18786,18788],{"id":18787},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[37,18790,18792],{"className":39,"code":18791,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18793,18794,18826,18850],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18795,18796,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818,18820,18822,18824],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18797,17408],{"class":52},[46,18799,57],{"class":56},[46,18801,61],{"class":60},[46,18803,427],{"class":426},[46,18805,501],{"class":430},[46,18807,427],{"class":426},[46,18809,68],{"class":60},[46,18811,438],{"class":426},[46,18813,4935],{"class":430},[46,18815,427],{"class":426},[46,18817,68],{"class":60},[46,18819,438],{"class":426},[46,18821,9908],{"class":430},[46,18823,427],{"class":426},[46,18825,84],{"class":60},[46,18827,18828,18830,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18829,1487],{"class":52},[46,18831,57],{"class":56},[46,18833,10660],{"class":60},[46,18835,408],{"class":52},[46,18837,198],{"class":60},[46,18839,18371],{"class":60},[46,18841,1596],{"class":1595},[46,18843,18376],{"class":52},[46,18845,1602],{"class":1595},[46,18847,18381],{"class":52},[46,18849,1105],{"class":60},[46,18851,18852,18854,18856,18858],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,18853,91],{"class":90},[46,18855,94],{"class":60},[46,18857,1523],{"class":102},[46,18859,215],{"class":60},[20,18861,18862],{},"Use:",[172,18864,18865,18870,18873],{},[175,18866,18867,18869],{},[15,18868,17384],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[175,18871,18872],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[175,18874,18875],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18877,18878,18879,507],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[501,18880,10906,18881,10910],{"href":14200},[15,18882,15120],{},[32,18884,1834],{"id":1833},[20,18886,14900,18887,507],{},[15,18888,17389],{},[283,18890,18892],{"id":18891},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[37,18894,18896],{"className":39,"code":18895,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18897,18898,18931,18954],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18899,18900,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18901,18902],{"class":52},"d ",[46,18904,57],{"class":56},[46,18906,9342],{"class":1270},[46,18908,507],{"class":60},[46,18910,17449],{"class":102},[46,18912,3172],{"class":60},[46,18914,427],{"class":426},[46,18916,501],{"class":430},[46,18918,427],{"class":426},[46,18920,68],{"class":60},[46,18922,438],{"class":426},[46,18924,4935],{"class":430},[46,18926,427],{"class":426},[46,18928,18229],{"class":60},[46,18930,18163],{"class":60},[46,18932,18933,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,18934,18935],{"class":52},"d",[46,18937,1152],{"class":60},[46,18939,427],{"class":426},[46,18941,501],{"class":430},[46,18943,427],{"class":426},[46,18945,13717],{"class":60},[46,18947,13720],{"class":102},[46,18949,94],{"class":60},[46,18951,3175],{"class":64},[46,18953,215],{"class":60},[46,18955,18956,18958,18960,18962],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,18957,91],{"class":90},[46,18959,94],{"class":60},[46,18961,18935],{"class":102},[46,18963,215],{"class":60},[20,18965,143],{},[37,18967,18969],{"className":39,"code":18968,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18970,18971],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,18972,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983,18985,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,18974,1185],{"class":60},[46,18976,1188],{"class":426},[46,18978,501],{"class":430},[46,18980,1188],{"class":426},[46,18982,198],{"class":60},[46,18984,61],{"class":60},[46,18986,3175],{"class":64},[46,18988,18229],{"class":60},[46,18990,1197],{"class":426},[46,18992,4935],{"class":430},[46,18994,1188],{"class":426},[46,18996,198],{"class":60},[46,18998,61],{"class":60},[46,19000,3175],{"class":64},[46,19002,13873],{"class":60},[20,19004,19005],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,19007,19008],{},"Use this instead:",[37,19010,19012],{"className":39,"code":19011,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,19013,19014,19038,19062],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19015,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19017,17408],{"class":52},[46,19019,57],{"class":56},[46,19021,61],{"class":60},[46,19023,427],{"class":426},[46,19025,501],{"class":430},[46,19027,427],{"class":426},[46,19029,68],{"class":60},[46,19031,438],{"class":426},[46,19033,4935],{"class":430},[46,19035,427],{"class":426},[46,19037,84],{"class":60},[46,19039,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052,19054,19056,19058,19060],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19041,18902],{"class":52},[46,19043,57],{"class":56},[46,19045,10660],{"class":60},[46,19047,408],{"class":52},[46,19049,198],{"class":60},[46,19051,18371],{"class":60},[46,19053,1596],{"class":1595},[46,19055,18376],{"class":52},[46,19057,1602],{"class":1595},[46,19059,18381],{"class":52},[46,19061,1105],{"class":60},[46,19063,19064,19066,19068,19070],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,19065,91],{"class":90},[46,19067,94],{"class":60},[46,19069,18935],{"class":102},[46,19071,215],{"class":60},[283,19073,19075,19076,19078],{"id":19074},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19077,17384],{}," on a list",[20,19080,19081],{},"Wrong idea:",[37,19083,19085],{"className":39,"code":19084,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19086,19087,19119],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19088,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19090,17408],{"class":52},[46,19092,57],{"class":56},[46,19094,61],{"class":60},[46,19096,427],{"class":426},[46,19098,501],{"class":430},[46,19100,427],{"class":426},[46,19102,68],{"class":60},[46,19104,438],{"class":426},[46,19106,4935],{"class":430},[46,19108,427],{"class":426},[46,19110,68],{"class":60},[46,19112,438],{"class":426},[46,19114,9908],{"class":430},[46,19116,427],{"class":426},[46,19118,84],{"class":60},[46,19120,19121],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19122,19123],{"class":3845},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19125,19126,19128,19129,19131,19132,507],{},[15,19127,17384],{}," belongs to ",[15,19130,8993],{},", not ",[15,19133,8265],{},[20,19135,19136],{},"Correct usage:",[37,19138,19140],{"className":39,"code":19139,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19141,19142,19174,19196],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19143,19144,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19145,17408],{"class":52},[46,19147,57],{"class":56},[46,19149,61],{"class":60},[46,19151,427],{"class":426},[46,19153,501],{"class":430},[46,19155,427],{"class":426},[46,19157,68],{"class":60},[46,19159,438],{"class":426},[46,19161,4935],{"class":430},[46,19163,427],{"class":426},[46,19165,68],{"class":60},[46,19167,438],{"class":426},[46,19169,9908],{"class":430},[46,19171,427],{"class":426},[46,19173,84],{"class":60},[46,19175,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19177,18902],{"class":52},[46,19179,57],{"class":56},[46,19181,9342],{"class":1270},[46,19183,507],{"class":60},[46,19185,17449],{"class":102},[46,19187,94],{"class":60},[46,19189,17089],{"class":102},[46,19191,68],{"class":60},[46,19193,4015],{"class":64},[46,19195,215],{"class":60},[46,19197,19198,19200,19202,19204],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,19199,91],{"class":90},[46,19201,94],{"class":60},[46,19203,18935],{"class":102},[46,19205,215],{"class":60},[283,19207,1853,19209,19211],{"id":19208},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19210,17384],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19213,19214,19216],{},[15,19215,17389],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[37,19218,19220],{"className":39,"code":19219,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19221,19222,19242,19276,19280,19290],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19223,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19225,12254],{"class":52},[46,19227,57],{"class":56},[46,19229,10660],{"class":60},[46,19231,427],{"class":426},[46,19233,1589],{"class":430},[46,19235,427],{"class":426},[46,19237,198],{"class":60},[46,19239,81],{"class":64},[46,19241,1105],{"class":60},[46,19243,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19245,13205],{"class":52},[46,19247,57],{"class":56},[46,19249,9342],{"class":1270},[46,19251,507],{"class":60},[46,19253,17449],{"class":102},[46,19255,3172],{"class":60},[46,19257,427],{"class":426},[46,19259,501],{"class":430},[46,19261,427],{"class":426},[46,19263,68],{"class":60},[46,19265,438],{"class":426},[46,19267,4935],{"class":430},[46,19269,427],{"class":426},[46,19271,18229],{"class":60},[46,19273,4015],{"class":64},[46,19275,215],{"class":60},[46,19277,19278],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,19279,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,19281,19282,19284,19286,19288],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,19283,91],{"class":90},[46,19285,94],{"class":60},[46,19287,12301],{"class":102},[46,19289,215],{"class":60},[46,19291,19292,19294,19296,19299],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,19293,91],{"class":90},[46,19295,94],{"class":60},[46,19297,19298],{"class":102},"new_dict",[46,19300,215],{"class":60},[20,19302,143],{},[37,19304,19306],{"className":39,"code":19305,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19307,19308,19324],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19309,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19311,1185],{"class":60},[46,19313,1188],{"class":426},[46,19315,1589],{"class":430},[46,19317,1188],{"class":426},[46,19319,198],{"class":60},[46,19321,81],{"class":64},[46,19323,1105],{"class":60},[46,19325,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19327,1185],{"class":60},[46,19329,1188],{"class":426},[46,19331,501],{"class":430},[46,19333,1188],{"class":426},[46,19335,198],{"class":60},[46,19337,4015],{"class":64},[46,19339,68],{"class":60},[46,19341,1197],{"class":426},[46,19343,4935],{"class":430},[46,19345,1188],{"class":426},[46,19347,198],{"class":60},[46,19349,4015],{"class":64},[46,19351,1105],{"class":60},[20,19353,19354,19355,507],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[501,19356,10906,19357,10910],{"href":14200},[15,19358,15120],{},[283,19360,19362,19363],{"id":19361},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19364,1326],{},[37,19366,19368],{"className":39,"code":19367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19369,19370,19400],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19371,19372,19374,19376,19378,19380,19382,19384,19386,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19373,18902],{"class":52},[46,19375,57],{"class":56},[46,19377,9342],{"class":1270},[46,19379,507],{"class":60},[46,19381,17449],{"class":102},[46,19383,3172],{"class":60},[46,19385,427],{"class":426},[46,19387,1589],{"class":430},[46,19389,427],{"class":426},[46,19391,68],{"class":60},[46,19393,438],{"class":426},[46,19395,11914],{"class":430},[46,19397,427],{"class":426},[46,19399,1161],{"class":60},[46,19401,19402,19404,19406,19408],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19403,91],{"class":90},[46,19405,94],{"class":60},[46,19407,18935],{"class":102},[46,19409,215],{"class":60},[20,19411,143],{},[37,19413,19415],{"className":39,"code":19414,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19416,19417],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19418,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19420,1185],{"class":60},[46,19422,1188],{"class":426},[46,19424,1589],{"class":430},[46,19426,1188],{"class":426},[46,19428,198],{"class":60},[46,19430,4034],{"class":1325},[46,19432,68],{"class":60},[46,19434,1197],{"class":426},[46,19436,11914],{"class":430},[46,19438,1188],{"class":426},[46,19440,198],{"class":60},[46,19442,4034],{"class":1325},[46,19444,1105],{"class":60},[20,19446,19447,19448,507],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19449,1326],{},[32,19451,19453],{"id":19452},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19455,19456,19457,19459],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19458,17384],{}," works.",[37,19461,19463],{"className":39,"code":19462,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19464,19465],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19466,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19468,91],{"class":90},[46,19470,94],{"class":60},[46,19472,8993],{"class":1270},[46,19474,507],{"class":60},[46,19476,17449],{"class":102},[46,19478,3172],{"class":60},[46,19480,427],{"class":426},[46,19482,501],{"class":430},[46,19484,427],{"class":426},[46,19486,68],{"class":60},[46,19488,438],{"class":426},[46,19490,4935],{"class":430},[46,19492,427],{"class":426},[46,19494,18229],{"class":60},[46,19496,4015],{"class":64},[46,19498,106],{"class":60},[37,19500,19501],{"className":39,"code":19367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,19502,19503,19533],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19504,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19506,18902],{"class":52},[46,19508,57],{"class":56},[46,19510,9342],{"class":1270},[46,19512,507],{"class":60},[46,19514,17449],{"class":102},[46,19516,3172],{"class":60},[46,19518,427],{"class":426},[46,19520,1589],{"class":430},[46,19522,427],{"class":426},[46,19524,68],{"class":60},[46,19526,438],{"class":426},[46,19528,11914],{"class":430},[46,19530,427],{"class":426},[46,19532,1161],{"class":60},[46,19534,19535,19537,19539,19541],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19536,91],{"class":90},[46,19538,94],{"class":60},[46,19540,18935],{"class":102},[46,19542,215],{"class":60},[37,19544,19545],{"className":39,"code":18895,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,19546,19547,19579,19601],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19548,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569,19571,19573,19575,19577],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19550,18902],{"class":52},[46,19552,57],{"class":56},[46,19554,9342],{"class":1270},[46,19556,507],{"class":60},[46,19558,17449],{"class":102},[46,19560,3172],{"class":60},[46,19562,427],{"class":426},[46,19564,501],{"class":430},[46,19566,427],{"class":426},[46,19568,68],{"class":60},[46,19570,438],{"class":426},[46,19572,4935],{"class":430},[46,19574,427],{"class":426},[46,19576,18229],{"class":60},[46,19578,18163],{"class":60},[46,19580,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595,19597,19599],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19582,18935],{"class":52},[46,19584,1152],{"class":60},[46,19586,427],{"class":426},[46,19588,501],{"class":430},[46,19590,427],{"class":426},[46,19592,13717],{"class":60},[46,19594,13720],{"class":102},[46,19596,94],{"class":60},[46,19598,3175],{"class":64},[46,19600,215],{"class":60},[46,19602,19603,19605,19607,19609],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,19604,91],{"class":90},[46,19606,94],{"class":60},[46,19608,18935],{"class":102},[46,19610,215],{"class":60},[37,19612,19614],{"className":39,"code":19613,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19615,19616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19617,19618,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648,19650,19652],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19619,91],{"class":90},[46,19621,94],{"class":60},[46,19623,1889],{"class":1270},[46,19625,94],{"class":60},[46,19627,8993],{"class":1270},[46,19629,507],{"class":60},[46,19631,17449],{"class":102},[46,19633,3172],{"class":60},[46,19635,3175],{"class":64},[46,19637,68],{"class":60},[46,19639,71],{"class":64},[46,19641,68],{"class":60},[46,19643,312],{"class":64},[46,19645,18229],{"class":60},[46,19647,438],{"class":426},[46,19649,2659],{"class":430},[46,19651,427],{"class":426},[46,19653,3099],{"class":60},[32,19655,1991],{"id":1990},[283,19657,12872,19659,19661],{"id":19658},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19660,17384],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19663,19664],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[283,19666,19668],{"id":19667},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19670,19671,19672,507],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19673,1326],{},[283,19675,19677],{"id":19676},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19679,19680],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[283,19682,19684],{"id":19683},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19686,18319],{},[37,19688,19690],{"className":39,"code":19689,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19691,19692,19724],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19693,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19695,17408],{"class":52},[46,19697,57],{"class":56},[46,19699,61],{"class":60},[46,19701,427],{"class":426},[46,19703,501],{"class":430},[46,19705,427],{"class":426},[46,19707,68],{"class":60},[46,19709,438],{"class":426},[46,19711,4935],{"class":430},[46,19713,427],{"class":426},[46,19715,68],{"class":60},[46,19717,438],{"class":426},[46,19719,9908],{"class":430},[46,19721,427],{"class":426},[46,19723,84],{"class":60},[46,19725,19726,19728,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19727,1487],{"class":52},[46,19729,57],{"class":56},[46,19731,10660],{"class":60},[46,19733,408],{"class":52},[46,19735,198],{"class":60},[46,19737,18371],{"class":60},[46,19739,1596],{"class":1595},[46,19741,18376],{"class":52},[46,19743,1602],{"class":1595},[46,19745,18381],{"class":52},[46,19747,1105],{"class":60},[32,19749,2065],{"id":2064},[172,19751,19752,19756,19760,19764,19770],{},[175,19753,19754],{},[501,19755,11410],{"href":13193},[175,19757,19758],{},[501,19759,9328],{"href":13190},[175,19761,19762],{},[501,19763,11419],{"href":18070},[175,19765,19766],{},[501,19767,10906,19768,10910],{"href":14200},[15,19769,15120],{},[175,19771,19772],{},[501,19773,10906,19774,10910],{"href":15165},[15,19775,12945],{},[20,19777,160,19778,19780],{},[15,19779,17389],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2103,19782,19783],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":19785},[19786,19787,19789,19793,19794,19796,19801,19803,19810,19819,19820,19827],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":17489,"depth":87,"text":19788},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17533,"depth":87,"text":17534,"children":19790},[19791,19792],{"id":17560,"depth":109,"text":17561},{"id":17584,"depth":109,"text":17585},{"id":5957,"depth":87,"text":5958},{"id":17745,"depth":87,"text":19795},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18074,"depth":87,"text":18075,"children":19797},[19798,19799,19800],{"id":18104,"depth":109,"text":18105},{"id":18267,"depth":109,"text":18268},{"id":18315,"depth":109,"text":18316},{"id":18479,"depth":87,"text":19802},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18637,"depth":87,"text":19804,"children":19805},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19806,19808,19809],{"id":18648,"depth":109,"text":19807},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18713,"depth":109,"text":18714},{"id":18787,"depth":109,"text":18788},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":19811},[19812,19813,19815,19817],{"id":18891,"depth":109,"text":18892},{"id":19074,"depth":109,"text":19814},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19208,"depth":109,"text":19816},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19361,"depth":109,"text":19818},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19452,"depth":87,"text":19453},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":19821},[19822,19824,19825,19826],{"id":19658,"depth":109,"text":19823},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19667,"depth":109,"text":19668},{"id":19676,"depth":109,"text":19677},{"id":19683,"depth":109,"text":19684},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17376,"description":19828},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19835,"title":19836,"body":19837,"description":21666,"extension":2150,"meta":21667,"navigation":112,"path":21668,"seo":21669,"stem":21670,"__hash__":21671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19838,"toc":21633},[19839,19844,19850,19861,19991,19998,20003,20007,20023,20025,20122,20125,20142,20146,20148,20153,20191,20194,20212,20214,20332,20337,20341,20357,20360,20496,20499,20504,20510,20513,20550,20553,20557,20562,20638,20642,20647,20729,20731,20747,20752,20756,20762,20831,20834,20851,20854,20936,20942,20945,20965,20969,20974,20980,20986,21057,21060,21066,21069,21143,21150,21156,21164,21174,21176,21271,21277,21282,21369,21375,21377,21382,21404,21407,21502,21505,21536,21549,21551,21559,21565,21571,21574,21580,21585,21592,21597,21599,21630],[10,19840,11486,19842,11490],{"id":19841},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19843,10909],{},[20,19845,19846,19847,19849],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19848,10909],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19851,19852,19853,2374,19856,2583,19858,19860],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19854,19855],{},"KeyError",[15,19857,10909],{},[15,19859,1326],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[37,19862,19864],{"className":39,"code":19863,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19865,19866,19902,19906,19932,19957],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,19867,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19888,19890,19892,19894,19896,19898,19900],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,19869,13372],{"class":52},[46,19871,57],{"class":56},[46,19873,10660],{"class":60},[46,19875,427],{"class":426},[46,19877,1009],{"class":430},[46,19879,427],{"class":426},[46,19881,198],{"class":60},[46,19883,438],{"class":426},[46,19885,1018],{"class":430},[46,19887,427],{"class":426},[46,19889,68],{"class":60},[46,19891,438],{"class":426},[46,19893,9468],{"class":430},[46,19895,427],{"class":426},[46,19897,198],{"class":60},[46,19899,9475],{"class":64},[46,19901,1105],{"class":60},[46,19903,19904],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,19905,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,19907,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,19909,91],{"class":90},[46,19911,94],{"class":60},[46,19913,17473],{"class":102},[46,19915,507],{"class":60},[46,19917,19918],{"class":102},"get",[46,19920,94],{"class":60},[46,19922,427],{"class":426},[46,19924,1009],{"class":430},[46,19926,427],{"class":426},[46,19928,5533],{"class":60},[46,19930,19931],{"class":3845},"           # Ana\n",[46,19933,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,19935,91],{"class":90},[46,19937,94],{"class":60},[46,19939,17473],{"class":102},[46,19941,507],{"class":60},[46,19943,19918],{"class":102},[46,19945,94],{"class":60},[46,19947,427],{"class":426},[46,19949,10578],{"class":430},[46,19951,427],{"class":426},[46,19953,5533],{"class":60},[46,19955,19956],{"class":3845},"           # None\n",[46,19958,19959,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19984,19986,19988],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,19960,91],{"class":90},[46,19962,94],{"class":60},[46,19964,17473],{"class":102},[46,19966,507],{"class":60},[46,19968,19918],{"class":102},[46,19970,94],{"class":60},[46,19972,427],{"class":426},[46,19974,10578],{"class":430},[46,19976,427],{"class":426},[46,19978,68],{"class":60},[46,19980,438],{"class":426},[46,19982,19983],{"class":430},"N\u002FA",[46,19985,427],{"class":426},[46,19987,5533],{"class":60},[46,19989,19990],{"class":3845},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19992,160,19993,19995,19996,507],{},[15,19994,10909],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19997,19855],{},[32,19999,167,20001,170],{"id":20000},"what-get-does",[15,20002,10909],{},[20,20004,882,20005,11581],{},[15,20006,10909],{},[172,20008,20009,20012,20017,20020],{},[175,20010,20011],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[175,20013,11592,20014,20016],{},[15,20015,1326],{}," if the key does not exist",[175,20018,20019],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[175,20021,20022],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,20024,2393],{},[37,20026,20028],{"className":39,"code":20027,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,20029,20030,20068,20072,20097],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20031,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046,20048,20051,20053,20055,20057,20060,20062,20064,20066],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20033,13032],{"class":52},[46,20035,57],{"class":56},[46,20037,10660],{"class":60},[46,20039,427],{"class":426},[46,20041,1009],{"class":430},[46,20043,427],{"class":426},[46,20045,198],{"class":60},[46,20047,438],{"class":426},[46,20049,20050],{"class":430},"Lina",[46,20052,427],{"class":426},[46,20054,68],{"class":60},[46,20056,438],{"class":426},[46,20058,20059],{"class":430},"grade",[46,20061,427],{"class":426},[46,20063,198],{"class":60},[46,20065,1102],{"class":64},[46,20067,1105],{"class":60},[46,20069,20070],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20071,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,20073,20074,20076,20078,20080,20082,20084,20086,20088,20090,20092,20094],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,20075,91],{"class":90},[46,20077,94],{"class":60},[46,20079,13793],{"class":102},[46,20081,507],{"class":60},[46,20083,19918],{"class":102},[46,20085,94],{"class":60},[46,20087,427],{"class":426},[46,20089,1009],{"class":430},[46,20091,427],{"class":426},[46,20093,5533],{"class":60},[46,20095,20096],{"class":3845},"     # Lina\n",[46,20098,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,20100,91],{"class":90},[46,20102,94],{"class":60},[46,20104,13793],{"class":102},[46,20106,507],{"class":60},[46,20108,19918],{"class":102},[46,20110,94],{"class":60},[46,20112,427],{"class":426},[46,20114,15425],{"class":430},[46,20116,427],{"class":426},[46,20118,5533],{"class":60},[46,20120,20121],{"class":3845},"    # None\n",[20,20123,20124],{},"In this example:",[172,20126,20127,20132],{},[175,20128,20129,20131],{},[15,20130,15406],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[175,20133,20134,20137,20138,2583,20140],{},[15,20135,20136],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20139,10909],{},[15,20141,1326],{},[20,20143,13187,20144,507],{},[501,20145,9328],{"href":9327},[32,20147,2343],{"id":2342},[20,20149,20150,20151,198],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20152,10909],{},[37,20154,20156],{"className":39,"code":20155,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20157,20158,20172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20159,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168,20170],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20161,15771],{"class":52},[46,20163,507],{"class":60},[46,20165,19918],{"class":102},[46,20167,94],{"class":60},[46,20169,408],{"class":102},[46,20171,215],{"class":60},[46,20173,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20189],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20175,15771],{"class":52},[46,20177,507],{"class":60},[46,20179,19918],{"class":102},[46,20181,94],{"class":60},[46,20183,408],{"class":102},[46,20185,68],{"class":60},[46,20187,20188],{"class":102}," default_value",[46,20190,215],{"class":60},[20,20192,20193],{},"What each part means:",[172,20195,20196,20201,20207],{},[175,20197,20198,20200],{},[15,20199,408],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[175,20202,20203,20206],{},[15,20204,20205],{},"default_value"," is optional",[175,20208,20209,20210],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20211,1326],{},[20,20213,2393],{},[37,20215,20217],{"className":39,"code":20216,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20218,20219,20243,20247,20272,20298],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20220,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20222,13993],{"class":52},[46,20224,57],{"class":56},[46,20226,10660],{"class":60},[46,20228,427],{"class":426},[46,20230,12662],{"class":430},[46,20232,427],{"class":426},[46,20234,198],{"class":60},[46,20236,438],{"class":426},[46,20238,12671],{"class":430},[46,20240,427],{"class":426},[46,20242,1105],{"class":60},[46,20244,20245],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20246,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,20248,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265,20267,20269],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,20250,91],{"class":90},[46,20252,94],{"class":60},[46,20254,14052],{"class":102},[46,20256,507],{"class":60},[46,20258,19918],{"class":102},[46,20260,94],{"class":60},[46,20262,427],{"class":426},[46,20264,12662],{"class":430},[46,20266,427],{"class":426},[46,20268,5533],{"class":60},[46,20270,20271],{"class":3845},"            # dark\n",[46,20273,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20291,20293,20295],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,20275,91],{"class":90},[46,20277,94],{"class":60},[46,20279,14052],{"class":102},[46,20281,507],{"class":60},[46,20283,19918],{"class":102},[46,20285,94],{"class":60},[46,20287,427],{"class":426},[46,20289,20290],{"class":430},"language",[46,20292,427],{"class":426},[46,20294,5533],{"class":60},[46,20296,20297],{"class":3845},"         # None\n",[46,20299,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20325,20327,20329],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,20301,91],{"class":90},[46,20303,94],{"class":60},[46,20305,14052],{"class":102},[46,20307,507],{"class":60},[46,20309,19918],{"class":102},[46,20311,94],{"class":60},[46,20313,427],{"class":426},[46,20315,20290],{"class":430},[46,20317,427],{"class":426},[46,20319,68],{"class":60},[46,20321,438],{"class":426},[46,20323,20324],{"class":430},"en",[46,20326,427],{"class":426},[46,20328,5533],{"class":60},[46,20330,20331],{"class":3845},"   # en\n",[32,20333,1794,20335],{"id":20334},"when-to-use-get",[15,20336,10909],{},[20,20338,160,20339,1801],{},[15,20340,10909],{},[172,20342,20343,20346,20351,20354],{},[175,20344,20345],{},"A key might not exist",[175,20347,20348,20349],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20350,19855],{},[175,20352,20353],{},"You are reading optional data",[175,20355,20356],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20358,20359],{},"Example with optional user data:",[37,20361,20363],{"className":39,"code":20362,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20364,20365,20407,20411,20436,20462],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20366,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400,20403,20405],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20368,11656],{"class":52},[46,20370,57],{"class":56},[46,20372,10660],{"class":60},[46,20374,427],{"class":426},[46,20376,8156],{"class":430},[46,20378,427],{"class":426},[46,20380,198],{"class":60},[46,20382,438],{"class":426},[46,20384,20385],{"class":430},"sam",[46,20387,427],{"class":426},[46,20389,68],{"class":60},[46,20391,438],{"class":426},[46,20393,15425],{"class":430},[46,20395,427],{"class":426},[46,20397,198],{"class":60},[46,20399,438],{"class":426},[46,20401,20402],{"class":430},"sam@example.com",[46,20404,427],{"class":426},[46,20406,1105],{"class":60},[46,20408,20409],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20410,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,20412,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,20414,91],{"class":90},[46,20416,94],{"class":60},[46,20418,11750],{"class":102},[46,20420,507],{"class":60},[46,20422,19918],{"class":102},[46,20424,94],{"class":60},[46,20426,427],{"class":426},[46,20428,8156],{"class":430},[46,20430,427],{"class":426},[46,20432,5533],{"class":60},[46,20434,20435],{"class":3845},"              # sam\n",[46,20437,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20455,20457,20459],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,20439,91],{"class":90},[46,20441,94],{"class":60},[46,20443,11750],{"class":102},[46,20445,507],{"class":60},[46,20447,19918],{"class":102},[46,20449,94],{"class":60},[46,20451,427],{"class":426},[46,20453,20454],{"class":430},"phone",[46,20456,427],{"class":426},[46,20458,5533],{"class":60},[46,20460,20461],{"class":3845},"                 # None\n",[46,20463,20464,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20489,20491,20493],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,20465,91],{"class":90},[46,20467,94],{"class":60},[46,20469,11750],{"class":102},[46,20471,507],{"class":60},[46,20473,19918],{"class":102},[46,20475,94],{"class":60},[46,20477,427],{"class":426},[46,20479,20454],{"class":430},[46,20481,427],{"class":426},[46,20483,68],{"class":60},[46,20485,438],{"class":426},[46,20487,20488],{"class":430},"Not provided",[46,20490,427],{"class":426},[46,20492,5533],{"class":60},[46,20494,20495],{"class":3845}," # Not provided\n",[20,20497,20498],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20500,20501,20502,507],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[501,20503,16763],{"href":16762},[32,20505,20507,20509],{"id":20506},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20508,10909],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20511,20512],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[37,20514,20516],{"className":39,"code":20515,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20517,20518,20532],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20519,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20521,1523],{"class":52},[46,20523,1152],{"class":60},[46,20525,427],{"class":426},[46,20527,408],{"class":430},[46,20529,427],{"class":426},[46,20531,84],{"class":60},[46,20533,20534,20536,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20535,1523],{"class":52},[46,20537,507],{"class":60},[46,20539,19918],{"class":102},[46,20541,94],{"class":60},[46,20543,427],{"class":426},[46,20545,408],{"class":430},[46,20547,427],{"class":426},[46,20549,215],{"class":60},[20,20551,20552],{},"The difference is important.",[283,20554,20556],{"id":20555},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20558,20559,20560,507],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20561,19855],{},[37,20563,20565],{"className":39,"code":20564,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20566,20567,20591,20595,20617],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20568,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20570,1487],{"class":52},[46,20572,57],{"class":56},[46,20574,10660],{"class":60},[46,20576,427],{"class":426},[46,20578,1009],{"class":430},[46,20580,427],{"class":426},[46,20582,198],{"class":60},[46,20584,438],{"class":426},[46,20586,1018],{"class":430},[46,20588,427],{"class":426},[46,20590,1105],{"class":60},[46,20592,20593],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20594,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,20596,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20614],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,20598,91],{"class":90},[46,20600,94],{"class":60},[46,20602,1523],{"class":102},[46,20604,1152],{"class":60},[46,20606,427],{"class":426},[46,20608,1009],{"class":430},[46,20610,427],{"class":426},[46,20612,20613],{"class":60},"])",[46,20615,20616],{"class":3845},"   # Ana\n",[46,20618,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633,20635],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,20620,91],{"class":90},[46,20622,94],{"class":60},[46,20624,1523],{"class":102},[46,20626,1152],{"class":60},[46,20628,427],{"class":426},[46,20630,10578],{"class":430},[46,20632,427],{"class":426},[46,20634,20613],{"class":60},[46,20636,20637],{"class":3845},"   # KeyError\n",[283,20639,20640],{"id":19918},[15,20641,10909],{},[20,20643,20644,20646],{},[15,20645,10909],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[37,20648,20650],{"className":39,"code":20649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20651,20652,20676,20680,20704],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20653,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20655,1487],{"class":52},[46,20657,57],{"class":56},[46,20659,10660],{"class":60},[46,20661,427],{"class":426},[46,20663,1009],{"class":430},[46,20665,427],{"class":426},[46,20667,198],{"class":60},[46,20669,438],{"class":426},[46,20671,1018],{"class":430},[46,20673,427],{"class":426},[46,20675,1105],{"class":60},[46,20677,20678],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20679,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,20681,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696,20698,20700,20702],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,20683,91],{"class":90},[46,20685,94],{"class":60},[46,20687,1523],{"class":102},[46,20689,507],{"class":60},[46,20691,19918],{"class":102},[46,20693,94],{"class":60},[46,20695,427],{"class":426},[46,20697,1009],{"class":430},[46,20699,427],{"class":426},[46,20701,5533],{"class":60},[46,20703,20616],{"class":3845},[46,20705,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,20707,91],{"class":90},[46,20709,94],{"class":60},[46,20711,1523],{"class":102},[46,20713,507],{"class":60},[46,20715,19918],{"class":102},[46,20717,94],{"class":60},[46,20719,427],{"class":426},[46,20721,10578],{"class":430},[46,20723,427],{"class":426},[46,20725,5533],{"class":60},[46,20727,20728],{"class":3845},"   # None\n",[20,20730,18862],{},[172,20732,20733,20739],{},[175,20734,20735,20736],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3924,20737,20738],{},"must exist",[175,20740,20741,20743,20744],{},[15,20742,10909],{}," when the key is ",[3924,20745,20746],{},"optional",[20,20748,20749,20750,507],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[501,20751,11430],{"href":11242},[32,20753,20755],{"id":20754},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20757,20758,20759,20761],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20760,10909],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[37,20763,20765],{"className":39,"code":20764,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20766,20767,20792,20796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20768,20769,20772,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20770,20771],{"class":52},"profile ",[46,20773,57],{"class":56},[46,20775,10660],{"class":60},[46,20777,427],{"class":426},[46,20779,1009],{"class":430},[46,20781,427],{"class":426},[46,20783,198],{"class":60},[46,20785,438],{"class":426},[46,20787,8092],{"class":430},[46,20789,427],{"class":426},[46,20791,1105],{"class":60},[46,20793,20794],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20795,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,20797,20798,20800,20802,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819,20821,20824,20826,20828],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,20799,91],{"class":90},[46,20801,94],{"class":60},[46,20803,20804],{"class":102},"profile",[46,20806,507],{"class":60},[46,20808,19918],{"class":102},[46,20810,94],{"class":60},[46,20812,427],{"class":426},[46,20814,15428],{"class":430},[46,20816,427],{"class":426},[46,20818,68],{"class":60},[46,20820,438],{"class":426},[46,20822,20823],{"class":430},"Unknown",[46,20825,427],{"class":426},[46,20827,5533],{"class":60},[46,20829,20830],{"class":3845},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20832,20833],{},"This is useful for display text:",[172,20835,20836,20841,20846],{},[175,20837,20838],{},[15,20839,20840],{},"\"Unknown\"",[175,20842,20843],{},[15,20844,20845],{},"\"Not set\"",[175,20847,20848],{},[15,20849,20850],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20852,20853],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[37,20855,20857],{"className":39,"code":20856,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20858,20859,20891,20895,20922],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20860,20861,20863,20865,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881,20883,20885,20887,20889],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20862,596],{"class":52},[46,20864,57],{"class":56},[46,20866,10660],{"class":60},[46,20868,427],{"class":426},[46,20870,18584],{"class":430},[46,20872,427],{"class":426},[46,20874,198],{"class":60},[46,20876,6176],{"class":64},[46,20878,68],{"class":60},[46,20880,438],{"class":426},[46,20882,18593],{"class":430},[46,20884,427],{"class":426},[46,20886,198],{"class":60},[46,20888,6532],{"class":64},[46,20890,1105],{"class":60},[46,20892,20893],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,20894,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,20896,20897,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,20898,20899],{"class":52},"total_history ",[46,20901,57],{"class":56},[46,20903,5284],{"class":52},[46,20905,507],{"class":60},[46,20907,19918],{"class":102},[46,20909,94],{"class":60},[46,20911,427],{"class":426},[46,20913,18602],{"class":430},[46,20915,427],{"class":426},[46,20917,68],{"class":60},[46,20919,4015],{"class":64},[46,20921,215],{"class":60},[46,20923,20924,20926,20928,20931,20933],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,20925,91],{"class":90},[46,20927,94],{"class":60},[46,20929,20930],{"class":102},"total_history",[46,20932,1592],{"class":60},[46,20934,20935],{"class":3845},"   # 0\n",[20,20937,20938,20939,20941],{},"Here, ",[15,20940,554],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20943,20944],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[172,20946,20947,20950,20955,20960],{},[175,20948,20949],{},"Use a string for text",[175,20951,160,20952,20954],{},[15,20953,554],{}," for numbers",[175,20956,160,20957,20959],{},[15,20958,3968],{}," for lists if needed",[175,20961,160,20962,20964],{},[15,20963,3973],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[32,20966,20968],{"id":20967},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20970,20971,20972,507],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20973,10909],{},[283,20975,20977,20979],{"id":20976},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20978,10909],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20981,20982,20983,20985],{},"This code does ",[3924,20984,4805],{}," create a new key:",[37,20987,20989],{"className":39,"code":20988,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20990,20991,21015,21019,21044],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,20992,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21013],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,20994,13372],{"class":52},[46,20996,57],{"class":56},[46,20998,10660],{"class":60},[46,21000,427],{"class":426},[46,21002,1009],{"class":430},[46,21004,427],{"class":426},[46,21006,198],{"class":60},[46,21008,438],{"class":426},[46,21010,1018],{"class":430},[46,21012,427],{"class":426},[46,21014,1105],{"class":60},[46,21016,21017],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21018,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,21020,21021,21023,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,21022,91],{"class":90},[46,21024,94],{"class":60},[46,21026,17473],{"class":102},[46,21028,507],{"class":60},[46,21030,19918],{"class":102},[46,21032,94],{"class":60},[46,21034,427],{"class":426},[46,21036,10578],{"class":430},[46,21038,427],{"class":426},[46,21040,5533],{"class":60},[46,21042,21043],{"class":3845},"  # None\n",[46,21045,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,21047,91],{"class":90},[46,21049,94],{"class":60},[46,21051,17473],{"class":102},[46,21053,1592],{"class":60},[46,21055,21056],{"class":3845},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21058,21059],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[283,21061,21063,21065],{"id":21062},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21064,10909],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21067,21068],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[37,21070,21072],{"className":39,"code":21071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21073,21074,21100,21104,21130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21075,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21087,21089,21091,21093,21096,21098],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21077,13993],{"class":52},[46,21079,57],{"class":56},[46,21081,10660],{"class":60},[46,21083,427],{"class":426},[46,21085,21086],{"class":430},"mode",[46,21088,427],{"class":426},[46,21090,198],{"class":60},[46,21092,438],{"class":426},[46,21094,21095],{"class":430},"light",[46,21097,427],{"class":426},[46,21099,1105],{"class":60},[46,21101,21102],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21103,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,21105,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,21107,14052],{"class":52},[46,21109,507],{"class":60},[46,21111,19918],{"class":102},[46,21113,94],{"class":60},[46,21115,427],{"class":426},[46,21117,12662],{"class":430},[46,21119,427],{"class":426},[46,21121,68],{"class":60},[46,21123,438],{"class":426},[46,21125,12671],{"class":430},[46,21127,427],{"class":426},[46,21129,215],{"class":60},[46,21131,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,21133,91],{"class":90},[46,21135,94],{"class":60},[46,21137,14052],{"class":102},[46,21139,1592],{"class":60},[46,21141,21142],{"class":3845},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21144,21145,21146,21149],{},"Even though ",[15,21147,21148],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[283,21151,21153,21154],{"id":21152},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21155,1326],{},[20,21157,21158,21159,2583,21161,21163],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21160,10909],{},[15,21162,1326],{}," because:",[172,21165,21166,21169],{},[175,21167,21168],{},"The key is missing, or",[175,21170,21171,21172],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21173,1326],{},[20,21175,2393],{},[37,21177,21179],{"className":39,"code":21178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21180,21181,21218,21222,21246],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21182,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21210,21212,21214,21216],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21184,1487],{"class":52},[46,21186,57],{"class":56},[46,21188,10660],{"class":60},[46,21190,427],{"class":426},[46,21192,1009],{"class":430},[46,21194,427],{"class":426},[46,21196,198],{"class":60},[46,21198,438],{"class":426},[46,21200,1018],{"class":430},[46,21202,427],{"class":426},[46,21204,68],{"class":60},[46,21206,438],{"class":426},[46,21208,21209],{"class":430},"nickname",[46,21211,427],{"class":426},[46,21213,198],{"class":60},[46,21215,4034],{"class":1325},[46,21217,1105],{"class":60},[46,21219,21220],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21221,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,21223,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,21225,91],{"class":90},[46,21227,94],{"class":60},[46,21229,1523],{"class":102},[46,21231,507],{"class":60},[46,21233,19918],{"class":102},[46,21235,94],{"class":60},[46,21237,427],{"class":426},[46,21239,21209],{"class":430},[46,21241,427],{"class":426},[46,21243,5533],{"class":60},[46,21245,21043],{"class":3845},[46,21247,21248,21250,21252,21254,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21268],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,21249,91],{"class":90},[46,21251,94],{"class":60},[46,21253,1523],{"class":102},[46,21255,507],{"class":60},[46,21257,19918],{"class":102},[46,21259,94],{"class":60},[46,21261,427],{"class":426},[46,21263,10578],{"class":430},[46,21265,427],{"class":426},[46,21267,5533],{"class":60},[46,21269,21270],{"class":3845},"      # None\n",[20,21272,21273,21274,21276],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21275,1326],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21278,21279,21280,198],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21281,1602],{},[37,21283,21285],{"className":39,"code":21284,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21286,21287,21323,21327,21348],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21288,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21290,1487],{"class":52},[46,21292,57],{"class":56},[46,21294,10660],{"class":60},[46,21296,427],{"class":426},[46,21298,1009],{"class":430},[46,21300,427],{"class":426},[46,21302,198],{"class":60},[46,21304,438],{"class":426},[46,21306,1018],{"class":430},[46,21308,427],{"class":426},[46,21310,68],{"class":60},[46,21312,438],{"class":426},[46,21314,21209],{"class":430},[46,21316,427],{"class":426},[46,21318,198],{"class":60},[46,21320,4034],{"class":1325},[46,21322,1105],{"class":60},[46,21324,21325],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21326,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,21328,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21342,21344,21346],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,21330,91],{"class":90},[46,21332,94],{"class":60},[46,21334,427],{"class":426},[46,21336,21209],{"class":430},[46,21338,427],{"class":426},[46,21340,21341],{"class":1595}," in",[46,21343,1605],{"class":102},[46,21345,1592],{"class":60},[46,21347,3846],{"class":3845},[46,21349,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,21351,91],{"class":90},[46,21353,94],{"class":60},[46,21355,427],{"class":426},[46,21357,10578],{"class":430},[46,21359,427],{"class":426},[46,21361,21341],{"class":1595},[46,21363,1605],{"class":102},[46,21365,1592],{"class":60},[46,21367,21368],{"class":3845},"      # False\n",[20,21370,21371,21372,507],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[501,21373,21374],{"href":17319},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[32,21376,1834],{"id":1833},[20,21378,21379,21380,198],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21381,10909],{},[172,21383,21384,21389,21396,21401],{},[175,21385,21386,21387],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21388,19855],{},[175,21390,1859,21391,2583,21393,21395],{},[15,21392,10909],{},[15,21394,1326],{}," if no default is provided",[175,21397,4754,21398,21400],{},[15,21399,10909],{}," creates a key automatically",[175,21402,21403],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21405,21406],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[37,21408,21410],{"className":39,"code":21409,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21411,21412,21422,21436,21454,21476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21413,21414,21416,21418,21420],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21415,91],{"class":90},[46,21417,94],{"class":60},[46,21419,11618],{"class":102},[46,21421,215],{"class":60},[46,21423,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21425,91],{"class":90},[46,21427,94],{"class":60},[46,21429,11618],{"class":102},[46,21431,507],{"class":60},[46,21433,17089],{"class":102},[46,21435,7367],{"class":60},[46,21437,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448,21450,21452],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,21439,91],{"class":90},[46,21441,94],{"class":60},[46,21443,1188],{"class":426},[46,21445,1009],{"class":430},[46,21447,1188],{"class":426},[46,21449,21341],{"class":1595},[46,21451,11935],{"class":102},[46,21453,215],{"class":60},[46,21455,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470,21472,21474],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,21457,91],{"class":90},[46,21459,94],{"class":60},[46,21461,11618],{"class":102},[46,21463,507],{"class":60},[46,21465,19918],{"class":102},[46,21467,94],{"class":60},[46,21469,1188],{"class":426},[46,21471,1009],{"class":430},[46,21473,1188],{"class":426},[46,21475,106],{"class":60},[46,21477,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496,21498,21500],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,21479,91],{"class":90},[46,21481,94],{"class":60},[46,21483,1889],{"class":1270},[46,21485,94],{"class":60},[46,21487,11618],{"class":102},[46,21489,507],{"class":60},[46,21491,19918],{"class":102},[46,21493,94],{"class":60},[46,21495,1188],{"class":426},[46,21497,1009],{"class":430},[46,21499,1188],{"class":426},[46,21501,3099],{"class":60},[20,21503,21504],{},"What these checks tell you:",[172,21506,21507,21512,21518,21524,21530],{},[175,21508,21509,21511],{},[15,21510,12847],{}," shows the full dictionary",[175,21513,21514,21517],{},[15,21515,21516],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[175,21519,21520,21523],{},[15,21521,21522],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[175,21525,21526,21529],{},[15,21527,21528],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[175,21531,21532,21535],{},[15,21533,21534],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21537,21538,21539,2051,21544,21548],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[501,21540,21541,21542,10910],{"href":17228},"the dictionary ",[15,21543,17231],{},[501,21545,21541,21546,10910],{"href":17241},[15,21547,17244],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[32,21550,1991],{"id":1990},[283,21552,12872,21554,21556,21557,2035],{"id":21553},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21555,10909],{}," raise ",[15,21558,19855],{},[20,21560,21561,21562,21564],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21563,1326],{}," or the default value you provide.",[283,21566,12872,21568,21570],{"id":21567},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21569,10909],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21572,21573],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[283,21575,21577,21578,2035],{"id":21576},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21579,10909],{},[20,21581,21582,21584],{},[15,21583,1326],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[283,21586,21588,21589,21591],{"id":21587},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21590,10909],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21593,160,21594,21596],{},[15,21595,10909],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[32,21598,2065],{"id":2064},[172,21600,21601,21605,21611,21617,21621,21626],{},[175,21602,21603],{},[501,21604,9328],{"href":9327},[175,21606,21607],{},[501,21608,10906,21609,10910],{"href":17228},[15,21610,17231],{},[175,21612,21613],{},[501,21614,10906,21615,10910],{"href":17241},[15,21616,17244],{},[175,21618,21619],{},[501,21620,17320],{"href":17319},[175,21622,21623],{},[501,21624,21625],{"href":16762},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[175,21627,21628],{},[501,21629,11430],{"href":11242},[2103,21631,21632],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21643,21644],{"id":20555,"depth":109,"text":20556},{"id":19918,"depth":109,"text":10909},{"id":20754,"depth":87,"text":20755},{"id":20967,"depth":87,"text":20968,"children":21647},[21648,21650,21652],{"id":20976,"depth":109,"text":21649},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21062,"depth":109,"text":21651},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21152,"depth":109,"text":21653},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":21656},[21657,21659,21661,21663],{"id":21553,"depth":109,"text":21658},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21567,"depth":109,"text":21660},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21576,"depth":109,"text":21662},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21587,"depth":109,"text":21664},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19836,"description":21666},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21673,"title":21674,"body":21675,"description":24231,"extension":2150,"meta":24232,"navigation":112,"path":24233,"seo":24234,"stem":24235,"__hash__":24236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21676,"toc":24197},[21677,21682,21688,21694,21696,21777,21781,21798,21803,21808,21813,21815,21829,21831,21894,21898,21938,21946,21948,21950,21965,21968,21981,21983,22062,22066,22132,22134,22138,22146,22148,22159,22161,22271,22275,22354,22360,22366,22371,22484,22488,22520,22523,22630,22636,22643,22647,22650,22753,22757,22818,22821,22824,22835,22844,22847,22864,22866,22965,22969,23044,23047,23070,23075,23080,23097,23099,23220,23224,23258,23260,23265,23272,23282,23284,23362,23365,23436,23446,23449,23481,23484,23523,23529,23536,23539,23630,23634,23715,23721,23724,23727,23832,23835,23838,23960,23964,23967,24034,24038,24075,24081,24083,24089,24094,24100,24107,24113,24116,24155,24161,24164,24166,24194],[10,21678,11486,21680,11490],{"id":21679},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21681,17244],{},[20,21683,882,21684,21687],{},[15,21685,21686],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21689,21690,21691,21693],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21692,17244],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[32,21695,35],{"id":34},[37,21697,21699],{"className":39,"code":21698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21700,21701,21737,21741,21763],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21702,21703,21705,21707,21709,21711,21713,21715,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21704,13372],{"class":52},[46,21706,57],{"class":56},[46,21708,10660],{"class":60},[46,21710,427],{"class":426},[46,21712,1009],{"class":430},[46,21714,427],{"class":426},[46,21716,198],{"class":60},[46,21718,438],{"class":426},[46,21720,1018],{"class":430},[46,21722,427],{"class":426},[46,21724,68],{"class":60},[46,21726,438],{"class":426},[46,21728,9468],{"class":430},[46,21730,427],{"class":426},[46,21732,198],{"class":60},[46,21734,9475],{"class":64},[46,21736,1105],{"class":60},[46,21738,21739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21740,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,21742,21743,21745,21747,21749,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,21744,6129],{"class":1595},[46,21746,255],{"class":52},[46,21748,68],{"class":60},[46,21750,21751],{"class":52}," value ",[46,21753,1602],{"class":1595},[46,21755,13415],{"class":52},[46,21757,507],{"class":60},[46,21759,1415],{"class":102},[46,21761,21762],{"class":60},"():\n",[46,21764,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,21766,8240],{"class":90},[46,21768,94],{"class":60},[46,21770,408],{"class":102},[46,21772,68],{"class":60},[46,21774,8605],{"class":102},[46,21776,215],{"class":60},[20,21778,21779],{},[3924,21780,143],{},[37,21782,21784],{"className":39,"code":21783,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21785,21786,21791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21787,21788],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21789,21790],{"class":52},"name Ana\n",[46,21792,21793,21796],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21794,21795],{"class":52},"age ",[46,21797,2896],{"class":64},[20,21799,160,21800,21802],{},[15,21801,17244],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[32,21804,167,21806,170],{"id":21805},"what-items-does",[15,21807,17244],{},[20,21809,21810,21812],{},[15,21811,17244],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21814,888],{},[172,21816,21817,21823,21826],{},[175,21818,21819,21820],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21821,21822],{},"(key, value)",[175,21824,21825],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[175,21827,21828],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21830,2393],{},[37,21832,21834],{"className":39,"code":21833,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21835,21836,21872,21876],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21837,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21839,13372],{"class":52},[46,21841,57],{"class":56},[46,21843,10660],{"class":60},[46,21845,427],{"class":426},[46,21847,1009],{"class":430},[46,21849,427],{"class":426},[46,21851,198],{"class":60},[46,21853,438],{"class":426},[46,21855,1018],{"class":430},[46,21857,427],{"class":426},[46,21859,68],{"class":60},[46,21861,438],{"class":426},[46,21863,9468],{"class":430},[46,21865,427],{"class":426},[46,21867,198],{"class":60},[46,21869,9475],{"class":64},[46,21871,1105],{"class":60},[46,21873,21874],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,21875,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,21877,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,21879,91],{"class":90},[46,21881,94],{"class":60},[46,21883,8265],{"class":1270},[46,21885,94],{"class":60},[46,21887,17473],{"class":102},[46,21889,507],{"class":60},[46,21891,1415],{"class":102},[46,21893,6462],{"class":60},[20,21895,21896],{},[3924,21897,143],{},[37,21899,21901],{"className":39,"code":21900,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21902,21903],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21904,21905,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21906,21907],{"class":60},"[(",[46,21909,1188],{"class":426},[46,21911,1009],{"class":430},[46,21913,1188],{"class":426},[46,21915,68],{"class":60},[46,21917,1197],{"class":426},[46,21919,1018],{"class":430},[46,21921,1188],{"class":426},[46,21923,9403],{"class":60},[46,21925,9406],{"class":60},[46,21927,1188],{"class":426},[46,21929,9468],{"class":430},[46,21931,1188],{"class":426},[46,21933,68],{"class":60},[46,21935,9475],{"class":64},[46,21937,9419],{"class":60},[20,21939,21940,21941,3065,21943,507],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[501,21942,9328],{"href":13190},[501,21944,15191],{"href":21945},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[32,21947,2343],{"id":2342},[20,21949,5606],{},[37,21951,21953],{"className":39,"code":21952,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21954,21955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21956,21957,21959,21961,21963],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21958,11618],{"class":52},[46,21960,507],{"class":60},[46,21962,1415],{"class":102},[46,21964,8814],{"class":60},[20,21966,21967],{},"Things to remember:",[172,21969,21970,21975,21978],{},[175,21971,21972,21974],{},[15,21973,17244],{}," does not take any arguments",[175,21976,21977],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[175,21979,21980],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21982,2393],{},[37,21984,21986],{"className":39,"code":21985,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21987,21988,22020,22024,22038,22042,22052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,21989,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,21991,596],{"class":52},[46,21993,57],{"class":56},[46,21995,10660],{"class":60},[46,21997,427],{"class":426},[46,21999,5178],{"class":430},[46,22001,427],{"class":426},[46,22003,198],{"class":60},[46,22005,1102],{"class":64},[46,22007,68],{"class":60},[46,22009,438],{"class":426},[46,22011,5187],{"class":430},[46,22013,427],{"class":426},[46,22015,198],{"class":60},[46,22017,1034],{"class":64},[46,22019,1105],{"class":60},[46,22021,22022],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22023,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22025,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,22027,2416],{"class":52},[46,22029,57],{"class":56},[46,22031,5284],{"class":52},[46,22033,507],{"class":60},[46,22035,1415],{"class":102},[46,22037,8814],{"class":60},[46,22039,22040],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,22041,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22043,22044,22046,22048,22050],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,22045,91],{"class":90},[46,22047,94],{"class":60},[46,22049,2451],{"class":102},[46,22051,215],{"class":60},[46,22053,22054,22056,22058,22060],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,22055,91],{"class":90},[46,22057,94],{"class":60},[46,22059,633],{"class":102},[46,22061,215],{"class":60},[20,22063,22064],{},[3924,22065,143],{},[37,22067,22069],{"className":39,"code":22068,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22070,22071,22104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22072,22073,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100,22102],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22074,22075],{"class":102},"dict_items",[46,22077,9826],{"class":60},[46,22079,1188],{"class":426},[46,22081,5178],{"class":430},[46,22083,1188],{"class":426},[46,22085,68],{"class":60},[46,22087,1102],{"class":64},[46,22089,9403],{"class":60},[46,22091,9406],{"class":60},[46,22093,1188],{"class":426},[46,22095,5187],{"class":430},[46,22097,1188],{"class":426},[46,22099,68],{"class":60},[46,22101,1034],{"class":64},[46,22103,10848],{"class":60},[46,22105,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22107,1185],{"class":60},[46,22109,1188],{"class":426},[46,22111,5178],{"class":430},[46,22113,1188],{"class":426},[46,22115,198],{"class":60},[46,22117,1102],{"class":64},[46,22119,68],{"class":60},[46,22121,1197],{"class":426},[46,22123,5187],{"class":430},[46,22125,1188],{"class":426},[46,22127,198],{"class":60},[46,22129,1034],{"class":64},[46,22131,1105],{"class":60},[20,22133,21059],{},[32,22135,22137],{"id":22136},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22139,22140,22142,22143,22145],{},[15,22141,17244],{}," returns a ",[15,22144,22075],{}," view object.",[20,22147,2293],{},[172,22149,22150,22153,22156],{},[175,22151,22152],{},"You can loop over it",[175,22154,22155],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[175,22157,22158],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22160,2393],{},[37,22162,22164],{"className":39,"code":22163,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22165,22166,22198,22212,22216,22230,22234,22253,22257],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22167,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22169,1487],{"class":52},[46,22171,57],{"class":56},[46,22173,10660],{"class":60},[46,22175,427],{"class":426},[46,22177,1589],{"class":430},[46,22179,427],{"class":426},[46,22181,198],{"class":60},[46,22183,81],{"class":64},[46,22185,68],{"class":60},[46,22187,438],{"class":426},[46,22189,11914],{"class":430},[46,22191,427],{"class":426},[46,22193,198],{"class":60},[46,22195,71],{"class":64},[46,22197,1105],{"class":60},[46,22199,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22201,9385],{"class":52},[46,22203,57],{"class":56},[46,22205,1605],{"class":52},[46,22207,507],{"class":60},[46,22209,1415],{"class":102},[46,22211,8814],{"class":60},[46,22213,22214],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,22215,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22217,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,22219,91],{"class":90},[46,22221,94],{"class":60},[46,22223,8265],{"class":1270},[46,22225,94],{"class":60},[46,22227,9432],{"class":102},[46,22229,106],{"class":60},[46,22231,22232],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,22233,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22235,22236,22238,22240,22242,22245,22247,22249,22251],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,22237,1523],{"class":52},[46,22239,1152],{"class":60},[46,22241,427],{"class":426},[46,22243,22244],{"class":430},"z",[46,22246,427],{"class":426},[46,22248,13441],{"class":60},[46,22250,13444],{"class":56},[46,22252,2764],{"class":64},[46,22254,22255],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,22256,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22258,22259,22261,22263,22265,22267,22269],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,22260,91],{"class":90},[46,22262,94],{"class":60},[46,22264,8265],{"class":1270},[46,22266,94],{"class":60},[46,22268,9432],{"class":102},[46,22270,106],{"class":60},[20,22272,22273],{},[3924,22274,143],{},[37,22276,22278],{"className":39,"code":22277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22279,22280,22310],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22281,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22283,21907],{"class":60},[46,22285,1188],{"class":426},[46,22287,1589],{"class":430},[46,22289,1188],{"class":426},[46,22291,68],{"class":60},[46,22293,81],{"class":64},[46,22295,9403],{"class":60},[46,22297,9406],{"class":60},[46,22299,1188],{"class":426},[46,22301,11914],{"class":430},[46,22303,1188],{"class":426},[46,22305,68],{"class":60},[46,22307,71],{"class":64},[46,22309,9419],{"class":60},[46,22311,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22313,21907],{"class":60},[46,22315,1188],{"class":426},[46,22317,1589],{"class":430},[46,22319,1188],{"class":426},[46,22321,68],{"class":60},[46,22323,81],{"class":64},[46,22325,9403],{"class":60},[46,22327,9406],{"class":60},[46,22329,1188],{"class":426},[46,22331,11914],{"class":430},[46,22333,1188],{"class":426},[46,22335,68],{"class":60},[46,22337,71],{"class":64},[46,22339,9403],{"class":60},[46,22341,9406],{"class":60},[46,22343,1188],{"class":426},[46,22345,22244],{"class":430},[46,22347,1188],{"class":426},[46,22349,68],{"class":60},[46,22351,312],{"class":64},[46,22353,9419],{"class":60},[20,22355,22356,22357,22359],{},"This happens because ",[15,22358,9432],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[32,22361,22363,22364],{"id":22362},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22365,17244],{},[20,22367,22368,22369,198],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22370,17244],{},[37,22372,22374],{"className":39,"code":22373,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22375,22376,22429,22433,22453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22377,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392,22394,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22379,13032],{"class":52},[46,22381,57],{"class":56},[46,22383,10660],{"class":60},[46,22385,427],{"class":426},[46,22387,1009],{"class":430},[46,22389,427],{"class":426},[46,22391,198],{"class":60},[46,22393,438],{"class":426},[46,22395,8092],{"class":430},[46,22397,427],{"class":426},[46,22399,68],{"class":60},[46,22401,438],{"class":426},[46,22403,20059],{"class":430},[46,22405,427],{"class":426},[46,22407,198],{"class":60},[46,22409,438],{"class":426},[46,22411,22412],{"class":430},"A",[46,22414,427],{"class":426},[46,22416,68],{"class":60},[46,22418,438],{"class":426},[46,22420,9468],{"class":430},[46,22422,427],{"class":426},[46,22424,198],{"class":60},[46,22426,14025],{"class":64},[46,22428,1105],{"class":60},[46,22430,22431],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22432,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22434,22435,22437,22439,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,22436,6129],{"class":1595},[46,22438,255],{"class":52},[46,22440,68],{"class":60},[46,22442,21751],{"class":52},[46,22444,1602],{"class":1595},[46,22446,1145],{"class":52},[46,22448,507],{"class":60},[46,22450,1415],{"class":102},[46,22452,21762],{"class":60},[46,22454,22455,22457,22459,22462,22464,22466,22468,22471,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,22456,8240],{"class":90},[46,22458,94],{"class":60},[46,22460,22461],{"class":1140},"f",[46,22463,427],{"class":430},[46,22465,1185],{"class":64},[46,22467,408],{"class":102},[46,22469,22470],{"class":64},"}",[46,22472,22473],{"class":430},": ",[46,22475,1185],{"class":64},[46,22477,2659],{"class":102},[46,22479,22470],{"class":64},[46,22481,427],{"class":430},[46,22483,215],{"class":60},[20,22485,22486],{},[3924,22487,143],{},[37,22489,22491],{"className":39,"code":22490,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22492,22493,22502,22511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22494,22495,22497,22499],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22496,1009],{"class":52},[46,22498,198],{"class":60},[46,22500,22501],{"class":52}," Mia\n",[46,22503,22504,22506,22508],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22505,20059],{"class":52},[46,22507,198],{"class":60},[46,22509,22510],{"class":52}," A\n",[46,22512,22513,22515,22517],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,22514,9468],{"class":52},[46,22516,198],{"class":60},[46,22518,22519],{"class":64}," 14\n",[20,22521,22522],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[37,22524,22526],{"className":39,"code":22525,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22527,22528,22580,22584,22596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22529,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22531,13032],{"class":52},[46,22533,57],{"class":56},[46,22535,10660],{"class":60},[46,22537,427],{"class":426},[46,22539,1009],{"class":430},[46,22541,427],{"class":426},[46,22543,198],{"class":60},[46,22545,438],{"class":426},[46,22547,8092],{"class":430},[46,22549,427],{"class":426},[46,22551,68],{"class":60},[46,22553,438],{"class":426},[46,22555,20059],{"class":430},[46,22557,427],{"class":426},[46,22559,198],{"class":60},[46,22561,438],{"class":426},[46,22563,22412],{"class":430},[46,22565,427],{"class":426},[46,22567,68],{"class":60},[46,22569,438],{"class":426},[46,22571,9468],{"class":430},[46,22573,427],{"class":426},[46,22575,198],{"class":60},[46,22577,14025],{"class":64},[46,22579,1105],{"class":60},[46,22581,22582],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22583,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22585,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,22587,6129],{"class":1595},[46,22589,18376],{"class":52},[46,22591,1602],{"class":1595},[46,22593,1145],{"class":52},[46,22595,6566],{"class":60},[46,22597,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22616,22618,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,22599,8240],{"class":90},[46,22601,94],{"class":60},[46,22603,22461],{"class":1140},[46,22605,427],{"class":430},[46,22607,1185],{"class":64},[46,22609,408],{"class":102},[46,22611,22470],{"class":64},[46,22613,22473],{"class":430},[46,22615,1185],{"class":64},[46,22617,13793],{"class":102},[46,22619,1152],{"class":60},[46,22621,408],{"class":102},[46,22623,13441],{"class":60},[46,22625,22470],{"class":64},[46,22627,427],{"class":430},[46,22629,215],{"class":60},[20,22631,6682,22632,22635],{},[15,22633,22634],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22637,22638,22639,507],{},"For a full guide, see ",[501,22640,22642],{"href":22641},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[32,22644,22646],{"id":22645},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22648,22649],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[37,22651,22653],{"className":39,"code":22652,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22654,22655,22714,22718,22738,22742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22656,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22692,22694,22696,22698,22701,22703,22705,22707,22710,22712],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22658,13243],{"class":52},[46,22660,57],{"class":56},[46,22662,10660],{"class":60},[46,22664,427],{"class":426},[46,22666,756],{"class":430},[46,22668,427],{"class":426},[46,22670,198],{"class":60},[46,22672,438],{"class":426},[46,22674,13260],{"class":430},[46,22676,427],{"class":426},[46,22678,68],{"class":60},[46,22680,438],{"class":426},[46,22682,450],{"class":430},[46,22684,427],{"class":426},[46,22686,198],{"class":60},[46,22688,438],{"class":426},[46,22690,22691],{"class":430},"yellow",[46,22693,427],{"class":426},[46,22695,68],{"class":60},[46,22697,438],{"class":426},[46,22699,22700],{"class":430},"grape",[46,22702,427],{"class":426},[46,22704,198],{"class":60},[46,22706,438],{"class":426},[46,22708,22709],{"class":430},"purple",[46,22711,427],{"class":426},[46,22713,1105],{"class":60},[46,22715,22716],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22717,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22719,22720,22723,22725,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,22721,22722],{"class":52},"pairs_list ",[46,22724,57],{"class":56},[46,22726,22727],{"class":1270}," list",[46,22729,94],{"class":60},[46,22731,17669],{"class":102},[46,22733,507],{"class":60},[46,22735,1415],{"class":102},[46,22737,7367],{"class":60},[46,22739,22740],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,22741,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22743,22744,22746,22748,22751],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,22745,91],{"class":90},[46,22747,94],{"class":60},[46,22749,22750],{"class":102},"pairs_list",[46,22752,215],{"class":60},[20,22754,22755],{},[3924,22756,143],{},[37,22758,22760],{"className":39,"code":22759,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22761,22762],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22763,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22765,21907],{"class":60},[46,22767,1188],{"class":426},[46,22769,756],{"class":430},[46,22771,1188],{"class":426},[46,22773,68],{"class":60},[46,22775,1197],{"class":426},[46,22777,13260],{"class":430},[46,22779,1188],{"class":426},[46,22781,9403],{"class":60},[46,22783,9406],{"class":60},[46,22785,1188],{"class":426},[46,22787,450],{"class":430},[46,22789,1188],{"class":426},[46,22791,68],{"class":60},[46,22793,1197],{"class":426},[46,22795,22691],{"class":430},[46,22797,1188],{"class":426},[46,22799,9403],{"class":60},[46,22801,9406],{"class":60},[46,22803,1188],{"class":426},[46,22805,22700],{"class":430},[46,22807,1188],{"class":426},[46,22809,68],{"class":60},[46,22811,1197],{"class":426},[46,22813,22709],{"class":430},[46,22815,1188],{"class":426},[46,22817,9419],{"class":60},[20,22819,22820],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22822,22823],{},"Use this when:",[172,22825,22826,22829,22832],{},[175,22827,22828],{},"You want clearer printed output",[175,22830,22831],{},"You need list behavior",[175,22833,22834],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[32,22836,22838,10755,22840,10755,22842],{"id":22837},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22839,17244],{},[15,22841,17231],{},[15,22843,17237],{},[20,22845,22846],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[172,22848,22849,22854,22859],{},[175,22850,22851,22853],{},[15,22852,17244],{}," gives both key and value",[175,22855,22856,22858],{},[15,22857,17231],{}," gives only keys",[175,22860,22861,22863],{},[15,22862,17237],{}," gives only values",[20,22865,2393],{},[37,22867,22869],{"className":39,"code":22868,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22870,22871,22907,22911,22929,22947],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22872,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901,22903,22905],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22874,13372],{"class":52},[46,22876,57],{"class":56},[46,22878,10660],{"class":60},[46,22880,427],{"class":426},[46,22882,1009],{"class":430},[46,22884,427],{"class":426},[46,22886,198],{"class":60},[46,22888,438],{"class":426},[46,22890,1018],{"class":430},[46,22892,427],{"class":426},[46,22894,68],{"class":60},[46,22896,438],{"class":426},[46,22898,9468],{"class":430},[46,22900,427],{"class":426},[46,22902,198],{"class":60},[46,22904,9475],{"class":64},[46,22906,1105],{"class":60},[46,22908,22909],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22910,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,22912,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,22914,91],{"class":90},[46,22916,94],{"class":60},[46,22918,8265],{"class":1270},[46,22920,94],{"class":60},[46,22922,17473],{"class":102},[46,22924,507],{"class":60},[46,22926,17089],{"class":102},[46,22928,6462],{"class":60},[46,22930,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,22932,91],{"class":90},[46,22934,94],{"class":60},[46,22936,8265],{"class":1270},[46,22938,94],{"class":60},[46,22940,17473],{"class":102},[46,22942,507],{"class":60},[46,22944,5530],{"class":102},[46,22946,6462],{"class":60},[46,22948,22949,22951,22953,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,22950,91],{"class":90},[46,22952,94],{"class":60},[46,22954,8265],{"class":1270},[46,22956,94],{"class":60},[46,22958,17473],{"class":102},[46,22960,507],{"class":60},[46,22962,1415],{"class":102},[46,22964,6462],{"class":60},[20,22966,22967],{},[3924,22968,143],{},[37,22970,22972],{"className":39,"code":22971,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22973,22974,22994,23010],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,22975,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,22977,1152],{"class":60},[46,22979,1188],{"class":426},[46,22981,1009],{"class":430},[46,22983,1188],{"class":426},[46,22985,68],{"class":60},[46,22987,1197],{"class":426},[46,22989,9468],{"class":430},[46,22991,1188],{"class":426},[46,22993,84],{"class":60},[46,22995,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,22997,1152],{"class":60},[46,22999,1188],{"class":426},[46,23001,1018],{"class":430},[46,23003,1188],{"class":426},[46,23005,68],{"class":60},[46,23007,9475],{"class":64},[46,23009,84],{"class":60},[46,23011,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23013,21907],{"class":60},[46,23015,1188],{"class":426},[46,23017,1009],{"class":430},[46,23019,1188],{"class":426},[46,23021,68],{"class":60},[46,23023,1197],{"class":426},[46,23025,1018],{"class":430},[46,23027,1188],{"class":426},[46,23029,9403],{"class":60},[46,23031,9406],{"class":60},[46,23033,1188],{"class":426},[46,23035,9468],{"class":430},[46,23037,1188],{"class":426},[46,23039,68],{"class":60},[46,23041,9475],{"class":64},[46,23043,9419],{"class":60},[20,23045,23046],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[172,23048,23049,23057,23065],{},[175,23050,23051,23052],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[501,23053,23055],{"href":23054},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23056,17231],{},[175,23058,23059,23060],{},"Need just values? Use ",[501,23061,23063],{"href":23062},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23064,17237],{},[175,23066,23067,23068],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23069,17244],{},[32,23071,1794,23073],{"id":23072},"when-to-use-items",[15,23074,17244],{},[20,23076,23077,23079],{},[15,23078,17244],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[172,23081,23082,23085,23088,23091,23094],{},[175,23083,23084],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[175,23086,23087],{},"Building formatted output",[175,23089,23090],{},"Looping through settings and values",[175,23092,23093],{},"Showing names with scores",[175,23095,23096],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23098,2393],{},[37,23100,23102],{"className":39,"code":23101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23103,23104,23112,23130,23149,23161,23165,23169,23190],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23105,23106,23108,23110],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23107,13993],{"class":52},[46,23109,57],{"class":56},[46,23111,11661],{"class":60},[46,23113,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23115,11666],{"class":426},[46,23117,12662],{"class":430},[46,23119,427],{"class":426},[46,23121,198],{"class":60},[46,23123,438],{"class":426},[46,23125,12671],{"class":430},[46,23127,427],{"class":426},[46,23129,11682],{"class":60},[46,23131,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23145,23147],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23133,11666],{"class":426},[46,23135,20290],{"class":430},[46,23137,427],{"class":426},[46,23139,198],{"class":60},[46,23141,438],{"class":426},[46,23143,23144],{"class":430},"English",[46,23146,427],{"class":426},[46,23148,11682],{"class":60},[46,23150,23151,23153,23155,23157,23159],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,23152,11666],{"class":426},[46,23154,18692],{"class":430},[46,23156,427],{"class":426},[46,23158,198],{"class":60},[46,23160,6595],{"class":1325},[46,23162,23163],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,23164,1105],{"class":60},[46,23166,23167],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,23168,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,23170,23171,23173,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,23172,6129],{"class":1595},[46,23174,23175],{"class":52}," setting",[46,23177,68],{"class":60},[46,23179,21751],{"class":52},[46,23181,1602],{"class":1595},[46,23183,14037],{"class":52},[46,23185,507],{"class":60},[46,23187,1415],{"class":102},[46,23189,21762],{"class":60},[46,23191,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23205,23207,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,23193,8240],{"class":90},[46,23195,94],{"class":60},[46,23197,22461],{"class":1140},[46,23199,427],{"class":430},[46,23201,1185],{"class":64},[46,23203,23204],{"class":102},"setting",[46,23206,22470],{"class":64},[46,23208,23209],{"class":430}," = ",[46,23211,1185],{"class":64},[46,23213,2659],{"class":102},[46,23215,22470],{"class":64},[46,23217,427],{"class":430},[46,23219,215],{"class":60},[20,23221,23222],{},[3924,23223,143],{},[37,23225,23227],{"className":39,"code":23226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23228,23229,23239,23249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23230,23231,23234,23236],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23232,23233],{"class":52},"theme ",[46,23235,57],{"class":56},[46,23237,23238],{"class":52}," dark\n",[46,23240,23241,23244,23246],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23242,23243],{"class":52},"language ",[46,23245,57],{"class":56},[46,23247,23248],{"class":52}," English\n",[46,23250,23251,23254,23256],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23252,23253],{"class":52},"notifications ",[46,23255,57],{"class":56},[46,23257,6595],{"class":1325},[32,23259,1834],{"id":1833},[20,23261,23262,23263,507],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23264,17244],{},[283,23266,23268,23269,23271],{"id":23267},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23270,17244],{}," incorrectly",[20,23273,23274,23275,23277,23278,23281],{},"Each result from ",[15,23276,17244],{}," has ",[3924,23279,23280],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23283,6860],{},[37,23285,23286],{"className":39,"code":21698,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,23287,23288,23324,23328,23348],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23289,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23291,13372],{"class":52},[46,23293,57],{"class":56},[46,23295,10660],{"class":60},[46,23297,427],{"class":426},[46,23299,1009],{"class":430},[46,23301,427],{"class":426},[46,23303,198],{"class":60},[46,23305,438],{"class":426},[46,23307,1018],{"class":430},[46,23309,427],{"class":426},[46,23311,68],{"class":60},[46,23313,438],{"class":426},[46,23315,9468],{"class":430},[46,23317,427],{"class":426},[46,23319,198],{"class":60},[46,23321,9475],{"class":64},[46,23323,1105],{"class":60},[46,23325,23326],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23327,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,23329,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23331,6129],{"class":1595},[46,23333,255],{"class":52},[46,23335,68],{"class":60},[46,23337,21751],{"class":52},[46,23339,1602],{"class":1595},[46,23341,13415],{"class":52},[46,23343,507],{"class":60},[46,23345,1415],{"class":102},[46,23347,21762],{"class":60},[46,23349,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,23351,8240],{"class":90},[46,23353,94],{"class":60},[46,23355,408],{"class":102},[46,23357,68],{"class":60},[46,23359,8605],{"class":102},[46,23361,215],{"class":60},[20,23363,23364],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[37,23366,23368],{"className":39,"code":23367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23369,23370,23406,23410,23426],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23371,23372,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398,23400,23402,23404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23373,13372],{"class":52},[46,23375,57],{"class":56},[46,23377,10660],{"class":60},[46,23379,427],{"class":426},[46,23381,1009],{"class":430},[46,23383,427],{"class":426},[46,23385,198],{"class":60},[46,23387,438],{"class":426},[46,23389,1018],{"class":430},[46,23391,427],{"class":426},[46,23393,68],{"class":60},[46,23395,438],{"class":426},[46,23397,9468],{"class":430},[46,23399,427],{"class":426},[46,23401,198],{"class":60},[46,23403,9475],{"class":64},[46,23405,1105],{"class":60},[46,23407,23408],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23409,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,23411,23412,23414,23416,23418,23420,23422,23424],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23413,6129],{"class":1595},[46,23415,18376],{"class":52},[46,23417,1602],{"class":1595},[46,23419,13415],{"class":52},[46,23421,507],{"class":60},[46,23423,1415],{"class":102},[46,23425,21762],{"class":60},[46,23427,23428,23430,23432,23434],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,23429,8240],{"class":90},[46,23431,94],{"class":60},[46,23433,408],{"class":102},[46,23435,215],{"class":60},[20,23437,23438,23439,23441,23442,23445],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23440,408],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23443,23444],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23447,23448],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[37,23450,23452],{"className":39,"code":23451,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23453,23454,23470],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23455,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23457,6129],{"class":1595},[46,23459,6132],{"class":52},[46,23461,1602],{"class":1595},[46,23463,13415],{"class":52},[46,23465,507],{"class":60},[46,23467,1415],{"class":102},[46,23469,21762],{"class":60},[46,23471,23472,23474,23476,23479],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23473,8240],{"class":90},[46,23475,94],{"class":60},[46,23477,23478],{"class":102},"item",[46,23480,215],{"class":60},[20,23482,23483],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[37,23485,23487],{"className":39,"code":23486,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23488,23489,23509],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23490,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501,23503,23505,23507],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23492,6129],{"class":1595},[46,23494,255],{"class":52},[46,23496,68],{"class":60},[46,23498,21751],{"class":52},[46,23500,1602],{"class":1595},[46,23502,13415],{"class":52},[46,23504,507],{"class":60},[46,23506,1415],{"class":102},[46,23508,21762],{"class":60},[46,23510,23511,23513,23515,23517,23519,23521],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23512,8240],{"class":90},[46,23514,94],{"class":60},[46,23516,408],{"class":102},[46,23518,68],{"class":60},[46,23520,8605],{"class":102},[46,23522,215],{"class":60},[283,23524,1853,23526,23528],{"id":23525},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23527,17244],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23530,23531,22142,23533,23535],{},[15,23532,17244],{},[15,23534,22075],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23537,23538],{},"Check it:",[37,23540,23542],{"className":39,"code":23541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23543,23544,23576,23580,23594,23612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23545,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23547,11893],{"class":52},[46,23549,57],{"class":56},[46,23551,10660],{"class":60},[46,23553,427],{"class":426},[46,23555,501],{"class":430},[46,23557,427],{"class":426},[46,23559,198],{"class":60},[46,23561,81],{"class":64},[46,23563,68],{"class":60},[46,23565,438],{"class":426},[46,23567,4935],{"class":430},[46,23569,427],{"class":426},[46,23571,198],{"class":60},[46,23573,71],{"class":64},[46,23575,1105],{"class":60},[46,23577,23578],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23579,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,23581,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23583,91],{"class":90},[46,23585,94],{"class":60},[46,23587,11618],{"class":102},[46,23589,507],{"class":60},[46,23591,1415],{"class":102},[46,23593,7367],{"class":60},[46,23595,23596,23598,23600,23602,23604,23606,23608,23610],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,23597,91],{"class":90},[46,23599,94],{"class":60},[46,23601,1889],{"class":1270},[46,23603,94],{"class":60},[46,23605,11618],{"class":102},[46,23607,507],{"class":60},[46,23609,1415],{"class":102},[46,23611,6462],{"class":60},[46,23613,23614,23616,23618,23620,23622,23624,23626,23628],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,23615,91],{"class":90},[46,23617,94],{"class":60},[46,23619,8265],{"class":1270},[46,23621,94],{"class":60},[46,23623,11618],{"class":102},[46,23625,507],{"class":60},[46,23627,1415],{"class":102},[46,23629,6462],{"class":60},[20,23631,23632],{},[3924,23633,143],{},[37,23635,23637],{"className":39,"code":23636,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23638,23639,23671,23685],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23640,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23642,22075],{"class":102},[46,23644,9826],{"class":60},[46,23646,1188],{"class":426},[46,23648,501],{"class":430},[46,23650,1188],{"class":426},[46,23652,68],{"class":60},[46,23654,81],{"class":64},[46,23656,9403],{"class":60},[46,23658,9406],{"class":60},[46,23660,1188],{"class":426},[46,23662,4935],{"class":430},[46,23664,1188],{"class":426},[46,23666,68],{"class":60},[46,23668,71],{"class":64},[46,23670,10848],{"class":60},[46,23672,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681,23683],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23674,3476],{"class":56},[46,23676,3479],{"class":1140},[46,23678,1197],{"class":426},[46,23680,22075],{"class":430},[46,23682,1188],{"class":426},[46,23684,3488],{"class":56},[46,23686,23687,23689,23691,23693,23695,23697,23699,23701,23703,23705,23707,23709,23711,23713],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23688,21907],{"class":60},[46,23690,1188],{"class":426},[46,23692,501],{"class":430},[46,23694,1188],{"class":426},[46,23696,68],{"class":60},[46,23698,81],{"class":64},[46,23700,9403],{"class":60},[46,23702,9406],{"class":60},[46,23704,1188],{"class":426},[46,23706,4935],{"class":430},[46,23708,1188],{"class":426},[46,23710,68],{"class":60},[46,23712,71],{"class":64},[46,23714,9419],{"class":60},[283,23716,23718,23719],{"id":23717},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23720,17244],{},[20,23722,23723],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23725,23726],{},"Problem example:",[37,23728,23730],{"className":39,"code":23729,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23731,23732,23776,23780,23800,23812],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23733,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23735,53],{"class":52},[46,23737,57],{"class":56},[46,23739,10660],{"class":60},[46,23741,427],{"class":426},[46,23743,501],{"class":430},[46,23745,427],{"class":426},[46,23747,198],{"class":60},[46,23749,81],{"class":64},[46,23751,68],{"class":60},[46,23753,438],{"class":426},[46,23755,4935],{"class":430},[46,23757,427],{"class":426},[46,23759,198],{"class":60},[46,23761,71],{"class":64},[46,23763,68],{"class":60},[46,23765,438],{"class":426},[46,23767,9908],{"class":430},[46,23769,427],{"class":426},[46,23771,198],{"class":60},[46,23773,312],{"class":64},[46,23775,1105],{"class":60},[46,23777,23778],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23779,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,23781,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23783,6129],{"class":1595},[46,23785,255],{"class":52},[46,23787,68],{"class":60},[46,23789,21751],{"class":52},[46,23791,1602],{"class":1595},[46,23793,4437],{"class":52},[46,23795,507],{"class":60},[46,23797,1415],{"class":102},[46,23799,21762],{"class":60},[46,23801,23802,23804,23806,23808,23810],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,23803,6571],{"class":1595},[46,23805,21751],{"class":52},[46,23807,4863],{"class":56},[46,23809,71],{"class":64},[46,23811,6566],{"class":60},[46,23813,23814,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,23815,23816],{"class":52},"        numbers",[46,23818,1152],{"class":60},[46,23820,427],{"class":426},[46,23822,18935],{"class":430},[46,23824,427],{"class":426},[46,23826,13441],{"class":60},[46,23828,13444],{"class":56},[46,23830,23831],{"class":64}," 4\n",[20,23833,23834],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23836,23837],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[37,23839,23841],{"className":39,"code":23840,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23842,23843,23887,23891,23916,23928,23946,23950],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23844,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881,23883,23885],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23846,53],{"class":52},[46,23848,57],{"class":56},[46,23850,10660],{"class":60},[46,23852,427],{"class":426},[46,23854,501],{"class":430},[46,23856,427],{"class":426},[46,23858,198],{"class":60},[46,23860,81],{"class":64},[46,23862,68],{"class":60},[46,23864,438],{"class":426},[46,23866,4935],{"class":430},[46,23868,427],{"class":426},[46,23870,198],{"class":60},[46,23872,71],{"class":64},[46,23874,68],{"class":60},[46,23876,438],{"class":426},[46,23878,9908],{"class":430},[46,23880,427],{"class":426},[46,23882,198],{"class":60},[46,23884,312],{"class":64},[46,23886,1105],{"class":60},[46,23888,23889],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,23890,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,23892,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,23894,6129],{"class":1595},[46,23896,255],{"class":52},[46,23898,68],{"class":60},[46,23900,21751],{"class":52},[46,23902,1602],{"class":1595},[46,23904,22727],{"class":1270},[46,23906,94],{"class":60},[46,23908,103],{"class":102},[46,23910,507],{"class":60},[46,23912,1415],{"class":102},[46,23914,23915],{"class":60},"()):\n",[46,23917,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,23919,6571],{"class":1595},[46,23921,21751],{"class":52},[46,23923,4863],{"class":56},[46,23925,71],{"class":64},[46,23927,6566],{"class":60},[46,23929,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,23931,23816],{"class":52},[46,23933,1152],{"class":60},[46,23935,427],{"class":426},[46,23937,18935],{"class":430},[46,23939,427],{"class":426},[46,23941,13441],{"class":60},[46,23943,13444],{"class":56},[46,23945,23831],{"class":64},[46,23947,23948],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,23949,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,23951,23952,23954,23956,23958],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,23953,91],{"class":90},[46,23955,94],{"class":60},[46,23957,103],{"class":102},[46,23959,215],{"class":60},[283,23961,23963],{"id":23962},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23965,23966],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[37,23968,23970],{"className":39,"code":23969,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23971,23972,24004,24008,24024],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,23973,23974,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,23975,1487],{"class":52},[46,23977,57],{"class":56},[46,23979,10660],{"class":60},[46,23981,427],{"class":426},[46,23983,1589],{"class":430},[46,23985,427],{"class":426},[46,23987,198],{"class":60},[46,23989,6176],{"class":64},[46,23991,68],{"class":60},[46,23993,438],{"class":426},[46,23995,11914],{"class":430},[46,23997,427],{"class":426},[46,23999,198],{"class":60},[46,24001,7962],{"class":64},[46,24003,1105],{"class":60},[46,24005,24006],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24007,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,24009,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,24011,6129],{"class":1595},[46,24013,6132],{"class":52},[46,24015,1602],{"class":1595},[46,24017,1605],{"class":52},[46,24019,507],{"class":60},[46,24021,1415],{"class":102},[46,24023,21762],{"class":60},[46,24025,24026,24028,24030,24032],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,24027,8240],{"class":90},[46,24029,94],{"class":60},[46,24031,23478],{"class":102},[46,24033,215],{"class":60},[20,24035,24036],{},[3924,24037,143],{},[37,24039,24041],{"className":39,"code":24040,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24042,24043,24059],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24044,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24046,94],{"class":60},[46,24048,1188],{"class":426},[46,24050,1589],{"class":430},[46,24052,1188],{"class":426},[46,24054,68],{"class":60},[46,24056,6176],{"class":64},[46,24058,215],{"class":60},[46,24060,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24062,94],{"class":60},[46,24064,1188],{"class":426},[46,24066,11914],{"class":430},[46,24068,1188],{"class":426},[46,24070,68],{"class":60},[46,24072,7962],{"class":64},[46,24074,215],{"class":60},[20,24076,24077,24078,24080],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24079,21822],{}," pair.",[32,24082,1991],{"id":1990},[283,24084,24086,24087,1998],{"id":24085},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24088,17244],{},[20,24090,17588,24091,24093],{},[15,24092,22075],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[283,24095,12872,24097,24099],{"id":24096},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24098,17244],{}," return a list?",[20,24101,24102,24103,24106],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24104,24105],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[283,24108,24110,24111,2035],{"id":24109},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24112,17244],{},[20,24114,24115],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[37,24117,24119],{"className":39,"code":24118,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24120,24121,24141],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24122,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133,24135,24137,24139],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24124,6129],{"class":1595},[46,24126,255],{"class":52},[46,24128,68],{"class":60},[46,24130,21751],{"class":52},[46,24132,1602],{"class":1595},[46,24134,11935],{"class":52},[46,24136,507],{"class":60},[46,24138,1415],{"class":102},[46,24140,21762],{"class":60},[46,24142,24143,24145,24147,24149,24151,24153],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24144,8240],{"class":90},[46,24146,94],{"class":60},[46,24148,408],{"class":102},[46,24150,68],{"class":60},[46,24152,8605],{"class":102},[46,24154,215],{"class":60},[283,24156,12872,24158,24160],{"id":24157},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24159,17244],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24162,24163],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[32,24165,2065],{"id":2064},[172,24167,24168,24174,24180,24185,24189],{},[175,24169,24170],{},[501,24171,10906,24172,10910],{"href":23054},[15,24173,17231],{},[175,24175,24176],{},[501,24177,10906,24178,10910],{"href":23062},[15,24179,17237],{},[175,24181,24182],{},[501,24183,24184],{"href":22641},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[175,24186,24187],{},[501,24188,9328],{"href":13190},[175,24190,24191],{},[501,24192,24193],{"href":21945},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2103,24195,24196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":24198},[24199,24200,24202,24203,24204,24206,24207,24209,24211,24220,24230],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":21805,"depth":87,"text":24201},"What items() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":22136,"depth":87,"text":22137},{"id":22362,"depth":87,"text":24205},"Looping with items()",{"id":22645,"depth":87,"text":22646},{"id":22837,"depth":87,"text":24208},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23072,"depth":87,"text":24210},"When to use items()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":24212},[24213,24215,24217,24219],{"id":23267,"depth":109,"text":24214},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23525,"depth":109,"text":24216},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23717,"depth":109,"text":24218},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23962,"depth":109,"text":23963},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":24221},[24222,24224,24226,24228],{"id":24085,"depth":109,"text":24223},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24096,"depth":109,"text":24225},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24109,"depth":109,"text":24227},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24157,"depth":109,"text":24229},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21674,"description":24231},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24238,"title":24239,"body":24240,"description":26330,"extension":2150,"meta":26331,"navigation":112,"path":23054,"seo":26332,"stem":26333,"__hash__":26334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24241,"toc":26296},[24242,24247,24253,24256,24267,24274,24276,24359,24363,24410,24415,24420,24425,24427,24443,24445,24544,24548,24605,24608,24610,24613,24706,24710,24773,24776,24792,24797,24799,24801,24816,24818,24829,24831,24874,24877,24920,24923,24925,24932,24935,24952,24954,25047,25051,25092,25104,25108,25111,25199,25203,25223,25226,25253,25260,25265,25269,25280,25282,25386,25390,25416,25419,25486,25491,25494,25517,25522,25526,25531,25537,25542,25544,25599,25603,25630,25637,25643,25646,25671,25677,25703,25706,25781,25788,25793,25795,25834,25852,25856,25859,25902,25905,25907,25926,25928,25933,25958,25961,26031,26034,26107,26111,26113,26174,26177,26193,26195,26200,26205,26212,26221,26227,26233,26240,26246,26250,26255,26257,26293],[10,24243,11486,24245,11490],{"id":24244},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24246,17231],{},[20,24248,24249,24250,24252],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24251,17231],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24254,24255],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[172,24257,24258,24261,24264],{},[175,24259,24260],{},"view the available keys",[175,24262,24263],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[175,24265,24266],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24268,24269,24271,24272,507],{},[15,24270,17231],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24273,17180],{},[32,24275,35],{"id":34},[37,24277,24279],{"className":39,"code":24278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24280,24281,24317,24331,24335,24345],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24282,24283,24285,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24284,13032],{"class":52},[46,24286,57],{"class":56},[46,24288,10660],{"class":60},[46,24290,427],{"class":426},[46,24292,1009],{"class":430},[46,24294,427],{"class":426},[46,24296,198],{"class":60},[46,24298,438],{"class":426},[46,24300,1018],{"class":430},[46,24302,427],{"class":426},[46,24304,68],{"class":60},[46,24306,438],{"class":426},[46,24308,9468],{"class":430},[46,24310,427],{"class":426},[46,24312,198],{"class":60},[46,24314,7962],{"class":64},[46,24316,1105],{"class":60},[46,24318,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24320,17408],{"class":52},[46,24322,57],{"class":56},[46,24324,1145],{"class":52},[46,24326,507],{"class":60},[46,24328,17089],{"class":102},[46,24330,8814],{"class":60},[46,24332,24333],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,24334,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,24336,24337,24339,24341,24343],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,24338,91],{"class":90},[46,24340,94],{"class":60},[46,24342,17089],{"class":102},[46,24344,215],{"class":60},[46,24346,24347,24349,24351,24353,24355,24357],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,24348,91],{"class":90},[46,24350,94],{"class":60},[46,24352,8265],{"class":1270},[46,24354,94],{"class":60},[46,24356,17089],{"class":102},[46,24358,106],{"class":60},[20,24360,24361],{},[3924,24362,143],{},[37,24364,24366],{"className":39,"code":24365,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24367,24368,24390],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24369,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24371,17180],{"class":102},[46,24373,3172],{"class":60},[46,24375,1188],{"class":426},[46,24377,1009],{"class":430},[46,24379,1188],{"class":426},[46,24381,68],{"class":60},[46,24383,1197],{"class":426},[46,24385,9468],{"class":430},[46,24387,1188],{"class":426},[46,24389,1161],{"class":60},[46,24391,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24393,1152],{"class":60},[46,24395,1188],{"class":426},[46,24397,1009],{"class":430},[46,24399,1188],{"class":426},[46,24401,68],{"class":60},[46,24403,1197],{"class":426},[46,24405,9468],{"class":430},[46,24407,1188],{"class":426},[46,24409,84],{"class":60},[20,24411,160,24412,24414],{},[15,24413,17231],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[32,24416,167,24418,170],{"id":24417},"what-keys-does",[15,24419,17231],{},[20,24421,24422,24424],{},[15,24423,17231],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24426,888],{},[172,24428,24429,24432,24435,24440],{},[175,24430,24431],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[175,24433,24434],{},"It does not need any arguments",[175,24436,17588,24437,24439],{},[15,24438,17180],{}," view object, not a list",[175,24441,24442],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24444,2393],{},[37,24446,24448],{"className":39,"code":24447,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24449,24450,24486,24490,24504,24508,24530],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24451,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470,24472,24474,24476,24478,24480,24482,24484],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24453,13372],{"class":52},[46,24455,57],{"class":56},[46,24457,10660],{"class":60},[46,24459,427],{"class":426},[46,24461,1009],{"class":430},[46,24463,427],{"class":426},[46,24465,198],{"class":60},[46,24467,438],{"class":426},[46,24469,13389],{"class":430},[46,24471,427],{"class":426},[46,24473,68],{"class":60},[46,24475,438],{"class":426},[46,24477,9468],{"class":430},[46,24479,427],{"class":426},[46,24481,198],{"class":60},[46,24483,9475],{"class":64},[46,24485,1105],{"class":60},[46,24487,24488],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24489,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,24491,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,24493,91],{"class":90},[46,24495,94],{"class":60},[46,24497,17473],{"class":102},[46,24499,507],{"class":60},[46,24501,17089],{"class":102},[46,24503,7367],{"class":60},[46,24505,24506],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,24507,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,24509,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520,24522,24524,24526,24528],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,24511,17473],{"class":52},[46,24513,1152],{"class":60},[46,24515,427],{"class":426},[46,24517,10578],{"class":430},[46,24519,427],{"class":426},[46,24521,13441],{"class":60},[46,24523,13444],{"class":56},[46,24525,438],{"class":426},[46,24527,10585],{"class":430},[46,24529,3544],{"class":426},[46,24531,24532,24534,24536,24538,24540,24542],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,24533,91],{"class":90},[46,24535,94],{"class":60},[46,24537,17473],{"class":102},[46,24539,507],{"class":60},[46,24541,17089],{"class":102},[46,24543,7367],{"class":60},[20,24545,24546],{},[3924,24547,143],{},[37,24549,24551],{"className":39,"code":24550,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24552,24553,24575],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24554,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24556,17180],{"class":102},[46,24558,3172],{"class":60},[46,24560,1188],{"class":426},[46,24562,1009],{"class":430},[46,24564,1188],{"class":426},[46,24566,68],{"class":60},[46,24568,1197],{"class":426},[46,24570,9468],{"class":430},[46,24572,1188],{"class":426},[46,24574,1161],{"class":60},[46,24576,24577,24579,24581,24583,24585,24587,24589,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24578,17180],{"class":102},[46,24580,3172],{"class":60},[46,24582,1188],{"class":426},[46,24584,1009],{"class":430},[46,24586,1188],{"class":426},[46,24588,68],{"class":60},[46,24590,1197],{"class":426},[46,24592,9468],{"class":430},[46,24594,1188],{"class":426},[46,24596,68],{"class":60},[46,24598,1197],{"class":426},[46,24600,10578],{"class":430},[46,24602,1188],{"class":426},[46,24604,1161],{"class":60},[20,24606,24607],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[32,24609,5958],{"id":5957},[20,24611,24612],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[37,24614,24616],{"className":39,"code":24615,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24617,24618,24670,24674,24688],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24619,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24621,1487],{"class":52},[46,24623,57],{"class":56},[46,24625,10660],{"class":60},[46,24627,427],{"class":426},[46,24629,1009],{"class":430},[46,24631,427],{"class":426},[46,24633,198],{"class":60},[46,24635,438],{"class":426},[46,24637,1018],{"class":430},[46,24639,427],{"class":426},[46,24641,68],{"class":60},[46,24643,438],{"class":426},[46,24645,9468],{"class":430},[46,24647,427],{"class":426},[46,24649,198],{"class":60},[46,24651,7962],{"class":64},[46,24653,68],{"class":60},[46,24655,438],{"class":426},[46,24657,20059],{"class":430},[46,24659,427],{"class":426},[46,24661,198],{"class":60},[46,24663,438],{"class":426},[46,24665,22412],{"class":430},[46,24667,427],{"class":426},[46,24669,1105],{"class":60},[46,24671,24672],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24673,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,24675,24676,24678,24680,24682,24684,24686],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,24677,91],{"class":90},[46,24679,94],{"class":60},[46,24681,1523],{"class":102},[46,24683,507],{"class":60},[46,24685,17089],{"class":102},[46,24687,7367],{"class":60},[46,24689,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702,24704],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,24691,91],{"class":90},[46,24693,94],{"class":60},[46,24695,8265],{"class":1270},[46,24697,94],{"class":60},[46,24699,1523],{"class":102},[46,24701,507],{"class":60},[46,24703,17089],{"class":102},[46,24705,6462],{"class":60},[20,24707,24708],{},[3924,24709,143],{},[37,24711,24713],{"className":39,"code":24712,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24714,24715,24745],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24716,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739,24741,24743],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24718,17180],{"class":102},[46,24720,3172],{"class":60},[46,24722,1188],{"class":426},[46,24724,1009],{"class":430},[46,24726,1188],{"class":426},[46,24728,68],{"class":60},[46,24730,1197],{"class":426},[46,24732,9468],{"class":430},[46,24734,1188],{"class":426},[46,24736,68],{"class":60},[46,24738,1197],{"class":426},[46,24740,20059],{"class":430},[46,24742,1188],{"class":426},[46,24744,1161],{"class":60},[46,24746,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757,24759,24761,24763,24765,24767,24769,24771],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24748,1152],{"class":60},[46,24750,1188],{"class":426},[46,24752,1009],{"class":430},[46,24754,1188],{"class":426},[46,24756,68],{"class":60},[46,24758,1197],{"class":426},[46,24760,9468],{"class":430},[46,24762,1188],{"class":426},[46,24764,68],{"class":60},[46,24766,1197],{"class":426},[46,24768,20059],{"class":430},[46,24770,1188],{"class":426},[46,24772,84],{"class":60},[20,24774,24775],{},"This shows two things:",[172,24777,24778,24786],{},[175,24779,24780,22142,24783,24785],{},[15,24781,24782],{},"data.keys()",[15,24784,17180],{}," object",[175,24787,24788,24791],{},[15,24789,24790],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24793,9324,24794,507],{},[501,24795,24796],{"href":9559},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[32,24798,5603],{"id":5602},[20,24800,2346],{},[37,24802,24804],{"className":39,"code":24803,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24805,24806],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24807,24808,24810,24812,24814],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24809,11618],{"class":52},[46,24811,507],{"class":60},[46,24813,17089],{"class":102},[46,24815,8814],{"class":60},[20,24817,21967],{},[172,24819,24820,24823,24826],{},[175,24821,24822],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[175,24824,24825],{},"It takes no parameters",[175,24827,24828],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24830,16821],{},[37,24832,24834],{"className":39,"code":24833,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24835,24836,24860],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24837,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856,24858],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24839,13032],{"class":52},[46,24841,57],{"class":56},[46,24843,10660],{"class":60},[46,24845,427],{"class":426},[46,24847,1009],{"class":430},[46,24849,427],{"class":426},[46,24851,198],{"class":60},[46,24853,438],{"class":426},[46,24855,1018],{"class":430},[46,24857,427],{"class":426},[46,24859,1105],{"class":60},[46,24861,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24863,91],{"class":90},[46,24865,94],{"class":60},[46,24867,13793],{"class":102},[46,24869,507],{"class":60},[46,24871,17089],{"class":102},[46,24873,7367],{"class":60},[20,24875,24876],{},"Incorrect:",[37,24878,24880],{"className":39,"code":24879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24881,24882,24906],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24883,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24885,13032],{"class":52},[46,24887,57],{"class":56},[46,24889,10660],{"class":60},[46,24891,427],{"class":426},[46,24893,1009],{"class":430},[46,24895,427],{"class":426},[46,24897,198],{"class":60},[46,24899,438],{"class":426},[46,24901,1018],{"class":430},[46,24903,427],{"class":426},[46,24905,1105],{"class":60},[46,24907,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,24909,91],{"class":90},[46,24911,94],{"class":60},[46,24913,13793],{"class":102},[46,24915,507],{"class":60},[46,24917,17089],{"class":1774},[46,24919,215],{"class":60},[20,24921,24922],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[32,24924,17585],{"id":17584},[20,24926,24927,22142,24929,24931],{},[15,24928,17231],{},[15,24930,17180],{}," object.",[20,24933,24934],{},"This object:",[172,24936,24937,24940,24943,24949],{},[175,24938,24939],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[175,24941,24942],{},"can be used in a loop",[175,24944,24945,24946],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24947,24948],{},"list()",[175,24950,24951],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24953,2393],{},[37,24955,24957],{"className":39,"code":24956,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24958,24959,25000,25004,25019,25023,25033],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,24960,24961,24964,24966,24968,24970,24973,24975,24977,24979,24982,24984,24986,24988,24991,24993,24995,24998],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,24962,24963],{"class":52},"car ",[46,24965,57],{"class":56},[46,24967,10660],{"class":60},[46,24969,427],{"class":426},[46,24971,24972],{"class":430},"brand",[46,24974,427],{"class":426},[46,24976,198],{"class":60},[46,24978,438],{"class":426},[46,24980,24981],{"class":430},"Toyota",[46,24983,427],{"class":426},[46,24985,68],{"class":60},[46,24987,438],{"class":426},[46,24989,24990],{"class":430},"year",[46,24992,427],{"class":426},[46,24994,198],{"class":60},[46,24996,24997],{"class":64}," 2020",[46,24999,1105],{"class":60},[46,25001,25002],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25003,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,25005,25006,25008,25010,25013,25015,25017],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,25007,2416],{"class":52},[46,25009,57],{"class":56},[46,25011,25012],{"class":52}," car",[46,25014,507],{"class":60},[46,25016,17089],{"class":102},[46,25018,8814],{"class":60},[46,25020,25021],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,25022,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,25024,25025,25027,25029,25031],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,25026,91],{"class":90},[46,25028,94],{"class":60},[46,25030,2451],{"class":102},[46,25032,215],{"class":60},[46,25034,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,25036,91],{"class":90},[46,25038,94],{"class":60},[46,25040,1889],{"class":1270},[46,25042,94],{"class":60},[46,25044,2451],{"class":102},[46,25046,106],{"class":60},[20,25048,25049],{},[3924,25050,143],{},[37,25052,25054],{"className":39,"code":25053,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25055,25056,25078],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25057,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072,25074,25076],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25059,17180],{"class":102},[46,25061,3172],{"class":60},[46,25063,1188],{"class":426},[46,25065,24972],{"class":430},[46,25067,1188],{"class":426},[46,25069,68],{"class":60},[46,25071,1197],{"class":426},[46,25073,24990],{"class":430},[46,25075,1188],{"class":426},[46,25077,1161],{"class":60},[46,25079,25080,25082,25084,25086,25088,25090],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25081,3476],{"class":56},[46,25083,3479],{"class":1140},[46,25085,1197],{"class":426},[46,25087,17180],{"class":430},[46,25089,1188],{"class":426},[46,25091,3488],{"class":56},[20,25093,25094,25095,25099,25100,507],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[501,25096,10906,25097,10910],{"href":17234},[15,25098,17237],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[501,25101,10906,25102,10910],{"href":17241},[15,25103,17244],{},[32,25105,25107],{"id":25106},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25109,25110],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[37,25112,25114],{"className":39,"code":25113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25115,25116,25169,25173,25189],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25117,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142,25144,25146,25148,25150,25152,25154,25156,25158,25160,25162,25165,25167],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25119,13032],{"class":52},[46,25121,57],{"class":56},[46,25123,10660],{"class":60},[46,25125,427],{"class":426},[46,25127,1009],{"class":430},[46,25129,427],{"class":426},[46,25131,198],{"class":60},[46,25133,438],{"class":426},[46,25135,1018],{"class":430},[46,25137,427],{"class":426},[46,25139,68],{"class":60},[46,25141,438],{"class":426},[46,25143,9468],{"class":430},[46,25145,427],{"class":426},[46,25147,198],{"class":60},[46,25149,7962],{"class":64},[46,25151,68],{"class":60},[46,25153,438],{"class":426},[46,25155,15495],{"class":430},[46,25157,427],{"class":426},[46,25159,198],{"class":60},[46,25161,438],{"class":426},[46,25163,25164],{"class":430},"Math",[46,25166,427],{"class":426},[46,25168,1105],{"class":60},[46,25170,25171],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25172,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,25174,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,25176,6129],{"class":1595},[46,25178,18376],{"class":52},[46,25180,1602],{"class":1595},[46,25182,1145],{"class":52},[46,25184,507],{"class":60},[46,25186,17089],{"class":102},[46,25188,21762],{"class":60},[46,25190,25191,25193,25195,25197],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,25192,8240],{"class":90},[46,25194,94],{"class":60},[46,25196,408],{"class":102},[46,25198,215],{"class":60},[20,25200,25201],{},[3924,25202,143],{},[37,25204,25206],{"className":39,"code":25205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25207,25208,25213,25218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25209,25210],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25211,25212],{"class":52},"name\n",[46,25214,25215],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25216,25217],{"class":52},"age\n",[46,25219,25220],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,25221,25222],{"class":52},"course\n",[20,25224,25225],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[37,25227,25229],{"className":39,"code":25228,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25230,25231,25243],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25232,25233,25235,25237,25239,25241],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25234,6129],{"class":1595},[46,25236,18376],{"class":52},[46,25238,1602],{"class":1595},[46,25240,1145],{"class":52},[46,25242,6566],{"class":60},[46,25244,25245,25247,25249,25251],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25246,8240],{"class":90},[46,25248,94],{"class":60},[46,25250,408],{"class":102},[46,25252,215],{"class":60},[20,25254,25255,25256,25259],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25257,25258],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[32,25261,1794,25263],{"id":25262},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25264,17231],{},[20,25266,160,25267,1801],{},[15,25268,17231],{},[172,25270,25271,25274,25277],{},[175,25272,25273],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[175,25275,25276],{},"you want to display available fields",[175,25278,25279],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25281,2393],{},[37,25283,25285],{"className":39,"code":25284,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25286,25287,25340,25344,25359,25376],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25288,25289,25292,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25309,25311,25313,25315,25318,25320,25322,25325,25327,25329,25332,25334,25336,25338],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25290,25291],{"class":52},"product ",[46,25293,57],{"class":56},[46,25295,10660],{"class":60},[46,25297,427],{"class":426},[46,25299,1009],{"class":430},[46,25301,427],{"class":426},[46,25303,198],{"class":60},[46,25305,438],{"class":426},[46,25307,25308],{"class":430},"Book",[46,25310,427],{"class":426},[46,25312,68],{"class":60},[46,25314,438],{"class":426},[46,25316,25317],{"class":430},"price",[46,25319,427],{"class":426},[46,25321,198],{"class":60},[46,25323,25324],{"class":64}," 12.99",[46,25326,68],{"class":60},[46,25328,438],{"class":426},[46,25330,25331],{"class":430},"stock",[46,25333,427],{"class":426},[46,25335,198],{"class":60},[46,25337,1508],{"class":64},[46,25339,1105],{"class":60},[46,25341,25342],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25343,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,25345,25346,25348,25350,25352,25355,25357],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,25347,91],{"class":90},[46,25349,94],{"class":60},[46,25351,427],{"class":426},[46,25353,25354],{"class":430},"Available fields:",[46,25356,427],{"class":426},[46,25358,215],{"class":60},[46,25360,25361,25363,25365,25367,25370,25372,25374],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,25362,6129],{"class":1595},[46,25364,18376],{"class":52},[46,25366,1602],{"class":1595},[46,25368,25369],{"class":52}," product",[46,25371,507],{"class":60},[46,25373,17089],{"class":102},[46,25375,21762],{"class":60},[46,25377,25378,25380,25382,25384],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,25379,8240],{"class":90},[46,25381,94],{"class":60},[46,25383,408],{"class":102},[46,25385,215],{"class":60},[20,25387,25388],{},[3924,25389,143],{},[37,25391,25393],{"className":39,"code":25392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25394,25395,25402,25406,25411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25396,25397,25400],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25398,25399],{"class":52},"Available fields",[46,25401,6566],{"class":60},[46,25403,25404],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25405,25212],{"class":52},[46,25407,25408],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,25409,25410],{"class":52},"price\n",[46,25412,25413],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,25414,25415],{"class":52},"stock\n",[20,25417,25418],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[37,25420,25422],{"className":39,"code":25421,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25423,25424,25460,25464],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25425,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25427,25291],{"class":52},[46,25429,57],{"class":56},[46,25431,10660],{"class":60},[46,25433,427],{"class":426},[46,25435,1009],{"class":430},[46,25437,427],{"class":426},[46,25439,198],{"class":60},[46,25441,438],{"class":426},[46,25443,25308],{"class":430},[46,25445,427],{"class":426},[46,25447,68],{"class":60},[46,25449,438],{"class":426},[46,25451,25317],{"class":430},[46,25453,427],{"class":426},[46,25455,198],{"class":60},[46,25457,25324],{"class":64},[46,25459,1105],{"class":60},[46,25461,25462],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25463,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,25465,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,25467,91],{"class":90},[46,25469,94],{"class":60},[46,25471,427],{"class":426},[46,25473,1009],{"class":430},[46,25475,427],{"class":426},[46,25477,21341],{"class":1595},[46,25479,25369],{"class":102},[46,25481,507],{"class":60},[46,25483,17089],{"class":102},[46,25485,7367],{"class":60},[20,25487,25488,25489,507],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25490,3787],{},[20,25492,25493],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[37,25495,25497],{"className":39,"code":25496,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25498,25499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25500,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513,25515],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25502,91],{"class":90},[46,25504,94],{"class":60},[46,25506,427],{"class":426},[46,25508,1009],{"class":430},[46,25510,427],{"class":426},[46,25512,21341],{"class":1595},[46,25514,25369],{"class":102},[46,25516,215],{"class":60},[20,25518,25519,25520,507],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[501,25521,21374],{"href":17319},[32,25523,25525],{"id":25524},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25527,25528,25529,507],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25530,17231],{},[283,25532,1853,25534,25536],{"id":25533},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25535,17231],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25538,25539,25541],{},[15,25540,17231],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25543,2393],{},[37,25545,25547],{"className":39,"code":25546,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25548,25549,25585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25550,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25552,1487],{"class":52},[46,25554,57],{"class":56},[46,25556,10660],{"class":60},[46,25558,427],{"class":426},[46,25560,1009],{"class":430},[46,25562,427],{"class":426},[46,25564,198],{"class":60},[46,25566,438],{"class":426},[46,25568,1018],{"class":430},[46,25570,427],{"class":426},[46,25572,68],{"class":60},[46,25574,438],{"class":426},[46,25576,9468],{"class":430},[46,25578,427],{"class":426},[46,25580,198],{"class":60},[46,25582,7962],{"class":64},[46,25584,1105],{"class":60},[46,25586,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25588,91],{"class":90},[46,25590,94],{"class":60},[46,25592,1523],{"class":102},[46,25594,507],{"class":60},[46,25596,17089],{"class":102},[46,25598,7367],{"class":60},[20,25600,25601],{},[3924,25602,143],{},[37,25604,25606],{"className":39,"code":25605,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25607,25608],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25609,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25611,17180],{"class":102},[46,25613,3172],{"class":60},[46,25615,1188],{"class":426},[46,25617,1009],{"class":430},[46,25619,1188],{"class":426},[46,25621,68],{"class":60},[46,25623,1197],{"class":426},[46,25625,9468],{"class":430},[46,25627,1188],{"class":426},[46,25629,1161],{"class":60},[20,25631,25632,25633,507],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[501,25634,25635],{"href":17241},[15,25636,17244],{},[283,25638,25640,25641],{"id":25639},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25642,17180],{},[20,25644,25645],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[37,25647,25649],{"className":39,"code":25648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25650,25651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25652,25653,25655,25657,25659,25661,25663,25665,25667,25669],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25654,1152],{"class":60},[46,25656,1188],{"class":426},[46,25658,1009],{"class":430},[46,25660,1188],{"class":426},[46,25662,68],{"class":60},[46,25664,1197],{"class":426},[46,25666,9468],{"class":430},[46,25668,1188],{"class":426},[46,25670,84],{"class":60},[20,25672,25673,25674,25676],{},"But ",[15,25675,17231],{}," returns:",[37,25678,25679],{"className":39,"code":25605,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,25680,25681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25682,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691,25693,25695,25697,25699,25701],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25684,17180],{"class":102},[46,25686,3172],{"class":60},[46,25688,1188],{"class":426},[46,25690,1009],{"class":430},[46,25692,1188],{"class":426},[46,25694,68],{"class":60},[46,25696,1197],{"class":426},[46,25698,9468],{"class":430},[46,25700,1188],{"class":426},[46,25702,1161],{"class":60},[20,25704,25705],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[37,25707,25709],{"className":39,"code":25708,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25710,25711,25747,25766,25770],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25712,25713,25715,25717,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25714,1487],{"class":52},[46,25716,57],{"class":56},[46,25718,10660],{"class":60},[46,25720,427],{"class":426},[46,25722,1009],{"class":430},[46,25724,427],{"class":426},[46,25726,198],{"class":60},[46,25728,438],{"class":426},[46,25730,1018],{"class":430},[46,25732,427],{"class":426},[46,25734,68],{"class":60},[46,25736,438],{"class":426},[46,25738,9468],{"class":430},[46,25740,427],{"class":426},[46,25742,198],{"class":60},[46,25744,7962],{"class":64},[46,25746,1105],{"class":60},[46,25748,25749,25752,25754,25756,25758,25760,25762,25764],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25750,25751],{"class":52},"key_list ",[46,25753,57],{"class":56},[46,25755,22727],{"class":1270},[46,25757,94],{"class":60},[46,25759,1523],{"class":102},[46,25761,507],{"class":60},[46,25763,17089],{"class":102},[46,25765,7367],{"class":60},[46,25767,25768],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,25769,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,25771,25772,25774,25776,25779],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,25773,91],{"class":90},[46,25775,94],{"class":60},[46,25777,25778],{"class":102},"key_list",[46,25780,215],{"class":60},[283,25782,25784,25785,25787],{"id":25783},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25786,17231],{}," on a list or string",[20,25789,25790,25792],{},[15,25791,17231],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25794,3023],{},[37,25796,25798],{"className":39,"code":25797,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25799,25800,25820],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25801,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25803,53],{"class":52},[46,25805,57],{"class":56},[46,25807,61],{"class":60},[46,25809,3175],{"class":64},[46,25811,68],{"class":60},[46,25813,71],{"class":64},[46,25815,68],{"class":60},[46,25817,312],{"class":64},[46,25819,84],{"class":60},[46,25821,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25823,91],{"class":90},[46,25825,94],{"class":60},[46,25827,103],{"class":102},[46,25829,507],{"class":60},[46,25831,17089],{"class":102},[46,25833,7367],{"class":60},[20,25835,25836,25837,25840,25841,25843,25844,507],{},"You may get an ",[15,25838,25839],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25842,17231],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[501,25845,25847,25848,25851],{"href":25846},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25849,25850],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[283,25853,25855],{"id":25854},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25857,25858],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[37,25860,25862],{"className":39,"code":25861,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25863,25864,25888],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25865,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880,25882,25884,25886],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25867,1487],{"class":52},[46,25869,57],{"class":56},[46,25871,10660],{"class":60},[46,25873,427],{"class":426},[46,25875,1009],{"class":430},[46,25877,427],{"class":426},[46,25879,198],{"class":60},[46,25881,438],{"class":426},[46,25883,1018],{"class":430},[46,25885,427],{"class":426},[46,25887,1105],{"class":60},[46,25889,25890,25892,25894,25896,25898,25900],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,25891,91],{"class":90},[46,25893,94],{"class":60},[46,25895,1523],{"class":102},[46,25897,507],{"class":60},[46,25899,17089],{"class":1774},[46,25901,215],{"class":60},[20,25903,25904],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25906,18862],{},[37,25908,25910],{"className":39,"code":25909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25911,25912],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25913,25914,25916,25918,25920,25922,25924],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25915,91],{"class":90},[46,25917,94],{"class":60},[46,25919,1523],{"class":102},[46,25921,507],{"class":60},[46,25923,17089],{"class":102},[46,25925,7367],{"class":60},[32,25927,1834],{"id":1833},[20,25929,25930,25931,198],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25932,17231],{},[172,25934,25935,25940,25946,25952],{},[175,25936,578,25937,25939],{},[15,25938,17231],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[175,25941,25942,25943,25945],{},"Thinking ",[15,25944,17231],{}," returns values too",[175,25947,25948,25949,25951],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25950,17180],{}," like a normal list",[175,25953,25954,25955,25957],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25956,17180],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25959,25960],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[37,25962,25964],{"className":39,"code":25963,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25965,25966,25998,26012,26016,26026],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,25967,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,25969,1487],{"class":52},[46,25971,57],{"class":56},[46,25973,10660],{"class":60},[46,25975,427],{"class":426},[46,25977,501],{"class":430},[46,25979,427],{"class":426},[46,25981,198],{"class":60},[46,25983,81],{"class":64},[46,25985,68],{"class":60},[46,25987,438],{"class":426},[46,25989,4935],{"class":430},[46,25991,427],{"class":426},[46,25993,198],{"class":60},[46,25995,71],{"class":64},[46,25997,1105],{"class":60},[46,25999,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26001,17408],{"class":52},[46,26003,57],{"class":56},[46,26005,1605],{"class":52},[46,26007,507],{"class":60},[46,26009,17089],{"class":102},[46,26011,8814],{"class":60},[46,26013,26014],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,26015,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26017,26018,26020,26022,26024],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,26019,91],{"class":90},[46,26021,94],{"class":60},[46,26023,17089],{"class":102},[46,26025,215],{"class":60},[46,26027,26028],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,26029,26030],{"class":3845},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,26032,26033],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[37,26035,26037],{"className":39,"code":26036,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26038,26039,26071,26089,26093],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,26040,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067,26069],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,26042,1487],{"class":52},[46,26044,57],{"class":56},[46,26046,10660],{"class":60},[46,26048,427],{"class":426},[46,26050,501],{"class":430},[46,26052,427],{"class":426},[46,26054,198],{"class":60},[46,26056,81],{"class":64},[46,26058,68],{"class":60},[46,26060,438],{"class":426},[46,26062,4935],{"class":430},[46,26064,427],{"class":426},[46,26066,198],{"class":60},[46,26068,71],{"class":64},[46,26070,1105],{"class":60},[46,26072,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081,26083,26085,26087],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26074,17408],{"class":52},[46,26076,57],{"class":56},[46,26078,22727],{"class":1270},[46,26080,94],{"class":60},[46,26082,1523],{"class":102},[46,26084,507],{"class":60},[46,26086,17089],{"class":102},[46,26088,7367],{"class":60},[46,26090,26091],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,26092,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26094,26095,26097,26099,26101,26103,26105],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,26096,91],{"class":90},[46,26098,94],{"class":60},[46,26100,17089],{"class":102},[46,26102,1152],{"class":60},[46,26104,554],{"class":64},[46,26106,1161],{"class":60},[32,26108,26110],{"id":26109},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26112,11281],{},[37,26114,26116],{"className":39,"code":26115,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26117,26118,26132,26142,26156],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,26119,26120,26122,26124,26126,26128,26130],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,26121,91],{"class":90},[46,26123,94],{"class":60},[46,26125,1889],{"class":1270},[46,26127,94],{"class":60},[46,26129,11618],{"class":102},[46,26131,106],{"class":60},[46,26133,26134,26136,26138,26140],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26135,91],{"class":90},[46,26137,94],{"class":60},[46,26139,11618],{"class":102},[46,26141,215],{"class":60},[46,26143,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,26145,91],{"class":90},[46,26147,94],{"class":60},[46,26149,11618],{"class":102},[46,26151,507],{"class":60},[46,26153,17089],{"class":102},[46,26155,7367],{"class":60},[46,26157,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,26159,91],{"class":90},[46,26161,94],{"class":60},[46,26163,8265],{"class":1270},[46,26165,94],{"class":60},[46,26167,11618],{"class":102},[46,26169,507],{"class":60},[46,26171,17089],{"class":102},[46,26173,6462],{"class":60},[20,26175,26176],{},"These help you confirm:",[172,26178,26179,26182,26185,26190],{},[175,26180,26181],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[175,26183,26184],{},"what data it contains",[175,26186,26187,26188,11874],{},"what ",[15,26189,17231],{},[175,26191,26192],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[32,26194,1991],{"id":1990},[283,26196,24086,26198,1998],{"id":26197},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26199,17231],{},[20,26201,17588,26202,26204],{},[15,26203,17180],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[283,26206,15069,26208,26211],{"id":26207},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26209,26210],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26213,26214,26215,26217,26218,507],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26216,17180],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26219,26220],{},"list(dict.keys())",[283,26222,26224,26225,2035],{"id":26223},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26226,26210],{},[20,26228,26229,26230,26232],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26231,6129],{}," loop.",[283,26234,26236,26237,26239],{"id":26235},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26238,17231],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26241,26242,26243,26245],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26244,17231],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[283,26247,26249],{"id":26248},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26251,160,26252,507],{},[15,26253,26254],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[32,26256,2065],{"id":2064},[172,26258,26259,26264,26270,26276,26282,26286],{},[175,26260,26261],{},[501,26262,26263],{"href":9559},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[175,26265,26266],{},[501,26267,10906,26268,10910],{"href":17234},[15,26269,17237],{},[175,26271,26272],{},[501,26273,10906,26274,10910],{"href":17241},[15,26275,17244],{},[175,26277,26278],{},[501,26279,26281],{"href":26280},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[175,26283,26284],{},[501,26285,17320],{"href":17319},[175,26287,26288],{},[501,26289,26290,26291,25851],{"href":25846},"How to fix ",[15,26292,25850],{},[2103,26294,26295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":26297},[26298,26299,26301,26302,26303,26304,26305,26307,26316,26317,26318,26329],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":24417,"depth":87,"text":26300},"What keys() does",{"id":5957,"depth":87,"text":5958},{"id":5602,"depth":87,"text":5603},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":25106,"depth":87,"text":25107},{"id":25262,"depth":87,"text":26306},"When to use keys()",{"id":25524,"depth":87,"text":25525,"children":26308},[26309,26311,26313,26315],{"id":25533,"depth":109,"text":26310},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25639,"depth":109,"text":26312},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25783,"depth":109,"text":26314},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25854,"depth":109,"text":25855},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":26109,"depth":87,"text":26110},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":26319},[26320,26322,26324,26326,26328],{"id":26197,"depth":109,"text":26321},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26207,"depth":109,"text":26323},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26223,"depth":109,"text":26325},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26235,"depth":109,"text":26327},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26248,"depth":109,"text":26249},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24239,"description":26330},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26336,"title":26337,"body":26338,"description":28610,"extension":2150,"meta":28611,"navigation":112,"path":28612,"seo":28613,"stem":28614,"__hash__":28615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26339,"toc":28563},[26340,26345,26350,26353,26355,26501,26514,26519,26523,26537,26539,26642,26651,26653,26656,26693,26718,26720,26827,26829,26836,26839,26847,26849,26990,26998,27003,27007,27018,27020,27182,27185,27193,27200,27206,27303,27309,27386,27389,27401,27406,27412,27415,27419,27508,27511,27515,27619,27626,27713,27722,27724,27729,27735,27738,27784,27787,27853,27862,27868,27961,27967,27973,28016,28019,28084,28090,28182,28185,28189,28195,28220,28223,28319,28326,28328,28333,28424,28426,28454,28459,28461,28468,28471,28475,28485,28490,28493,28500,28510,28517,28525,28527,28560],[10,26341,11486,26343,11490],{"id":26342},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26344,12931],{},[20,26346,26347,26349],{},[15,26348,12737],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26351,26352],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[32,26354,3792],{"id":3791},[37,26356,26358],{"className":39,"code":26357,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26359,26360,26396,26420,26434,26447,26451,26456,26488],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,26361,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384,26386,26388,26390,26392,26394],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,26363,13372],{"class":52},[46,26365,57],{"class":56},[46,26367,10660],{"class":60},[46,26369,427],{"class":426},[46,26371,1009],{"class":430},[46,26373,427],{"class":426},[46,26375,198],{"class":60},[46,26377,438],{"class":426},[46,26379,1018],{"class":430},[46,26381,427],{"class":426},[46,26383,68],{"class":60},[46,26385,438],{"class":426},[46,26387,9468],{"class":430},[46,26389,427],{"class":426},[46,26391,198],{"class":60},[46,26393,9475],{"class":64},[46,26395,1105],{"class":60},[46,26397,26398,26401,26403,26405,26407,26410,26412,26414,26416,26418],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26399,26400],{"class":52},"removed_age ",[46,26402,57],{"class":56},[46,26404,13415],{"class":52},[46,26406,507],{"class":60},[46,26408,26409],{"class":102},"pop",[46,26411,94],{"class":60},[46,26413,427],{"class":426},[46,26415,9468],{"class":430},[46,26417,427],{"class":426},[46,26419,215],{"class":60},[46,26421,26422,26424,26426,26429,26431],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,26423,91],{"class":90},[46,26425,94],{"class":60},[46,26427,26428],{"class":102},"removed_age",[46,26430,1592],{"class":60},[46,26432,26433],{"class":3845},"   # 25\n",[46,26435,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,26437,91],{"class":90},[46,26439,94],{"class":60},[46,26441,17473],{"class":102},[46,26443,1592],{"class":60},[46,26445,26446],{"class":3845},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[46,26448,26449],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,26450,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26452,26453],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,26454,26455],{"class":3845},"# Safe version with default value\n",[46,26457,26458,26461,26463,26465,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481,26484,26486],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,26459,26460],{"class":52},"country ",[46,26462,57],{"class":56},[46,26464,13415],{"class":52},[46,26466,507],{"class":60},[46,26468,26409],{"class":102},[46,26470,94],{"class":60},[46,26472,427],{"class":426},[46,26474,15428],{"class":430},[46,26476,427],{"class":426},[46,26478,68],{"class":60},[46,26480,438],{"class":426},[46,26482,26483],{"class":430},"Not found",[46,26485,427],{"class":426},[46,26487,215],{"class":60},[46,26489,26490,26492,26494,26496,26498],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,26491,91],{"class":90},[46,26493,94],{"class":60},[46,26495,15428],{"class":102},[46,26497,1592],{"class":60},[46,26499,26500],{"class":3845},"       # Not found\n",[20,26502,160,26503,26506,26507,26510,26511,26513],{},[15,26504,26505],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26508,26509],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26512,19855],{}," when the key might not exist.",[32,26515,167,26517,170],{"id":26516},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26518,12737],{},[20,26520,26521,198],{},[15,26522,12737],{},[172,26524,26525,26528,26531,26534],{},[175,26526,26527],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[175,26529,26530],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[175,26532,26533],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[175,26535,26536],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26538,2393],{},[37,26540,26542],{"className":39,"code":26541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26543,26544,26584,26588,26611,26615,26629],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,26545,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578,26580,26582],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,26547,11656],{"class":52},[46,26549,57],{"class":56},[46,26551,10660],{"class":60},[46,26553,427],{"class":426},[46,26555,1009],{"class":430},[46,26557,427],{"class":426},[46,26559,198],{"class":60},[46,26561,438],{"class":426},[46,26563,13389],{"class":430},[46,26565,427],{"class":426},[46,26567,68],{"class":60},[46,26569,438],{"class":426},[46,26571,10578],{"class":430},[46,26573,427],{"class":426},[46,26575,198],{"class":60},[46,26577,438],{"class":426},[46,26579,10585],{"class":430},[46,26581,427],{"class":426},[46,26583,1105],{"class":60},[46,26585,26586],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26587,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26589,26590,26593,26595,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,26591,26592],{"class":52},"removed_city ",[46,26594,57],{"class":56},[46,26596,11739],{"class":52},[46,26598,507],{"class":60},[46,26600,26409],{"class":102},[46,26602,94],{"class":60},[46,26604,427],{"class":426},[46,26606,10578],{"class":430},[46,26608,427],{"class":426},[46,26610,215],{"class":60},[46,26612,26613],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,26614,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26616,26617,26619,26621,26624,26626],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,26618,91],{"class":90},[46,26620,94],{"class":60},[46,26622,26623],{"class":102},"removed_city",[46,26625,1592],{"class":60},[46,26627,26628],{"class":3845},"  # Paris\n",[46,26630,26631,26633,26635,26637,26639],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,26632,91],{"class":90},[46,26634,94],{"class":60},[46,26636,11750],{"class":102},[46,26638,1592],{"class":60},[46,26640,26641],{"class":3845},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26643,20938,26644,26647,26648,507],{},[15,26645,26646],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26649,26650],{},"\"Paris\"",[32,26652,2343],{"id":2342},[20,26654,26655],{},"There are two common forms:",[37,26657,26659],{"className":39,"code":26658,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26660,26661,26675],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,26662,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,26664,11618],{"class":52},[46,26666,507],{"class":60},[46,26668,26409],{"class":102},[46,26670,94],{"class":60},[46,26672,408],{"class":102},[46,26674,215],{"class":60},[46,26676,26677,26679,26681,26683,26685,26687,26689,26691],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26678,11618],{"class":52},[46,26680,507],{"class":60},[46,26682,26409],{"class":102},[46,26684,94],{"class":60},[46,26686,408],{"class":102},[46,26688,68],{"class":60},[46,26690,275],{"class":102},[46,26692,215],{"class":60},[172,26694,26695,26701,26709,26715],{},[175,26696,26697,26700],{},[15,26698,26699],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[175,26702,26703,26705,26706,26708],{},[15,26704,26699],{}," raises ",[15,26707,19855],{}," if the key is missing",[175,26710,26711,26714],{},[15,26712,26713],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[175,26716,26717],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26719,2393],{},[37,26721,26723],{"className":39,"code":26722,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26724,26725,26757,26761,26786,26814],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,26726,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,26728,596],{"class":52},[46,26730,57],{"class":56},[46,26732,10660],{"class":60},[46,26734,427],{"class":426},[46,26736,18584],{"class":430},[46,26738,427],{"class":426},[46,26740,198],{"class":60},[46,26742,1102],{"class":64},[46,26744,68],{"class":60},[46,26746,438],{"class":426},[46,26748,18593],{"class":430},[46,26750,427],{"class":426},[46,26752,198],{"class":60},[46,26754,1034],{"class":64},[46,26756,1105],{"class":60},[46,26758,26759],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26760,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26762,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,26764,91],{"class":90},[46,26766,94],{"class":60},[46,26768,633],{"class":102},[46,26770,507],{"class":60},[46,26772,26409],{"class":102},[46,26774,94],{"class":60},[46,26776,427],{"class":426},[46,26778,18584],{"class":430},[46,26780,427],{"class":426},[46,26782,5533],{"class":60},[46,26784,26785],{"class":3845},"         # 90\n",[46,26787,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,26789,91],{"class":90},[46,26791,94],{"class":60},[46,26793,633],{"class":102},[46,26795,507],{"class":60},[46,26797,26409],{"class":102},[46,26799,94],{"class":60},[46,26801,427],{"class":426},[46,26803,18602],{"class":430},[46,26805,427],{"class":426},[46,26807,68],{"class":60},[46,26809,4015],{"class":64},[46,26811,5533],{"class":60},[46,26813,20935],{"class":3845},[46,26815,26816,26818,26820,26822,26824],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,26817,91],{"class":90},[46,26819,94],{"class":60},[46,26821,633],{"class":102},[46,26823,1592],{"class":60},[46,26825,26826],{"class":3845},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[32,26828,17585],{"id":17584},[20,26830,26831,14221,26833,26835],{},[15,26832,12931],{},[3924,26834,4805],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26837,26838],{},"Instead, it returns:",[172,26840,26841,26844],{},[175,26842,26843],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[175,26845,26846],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26848,2393],{},[37,26850,26852],{"className":39,"code":26851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26853,26854,26886,26890,26913,26945,26949,26963,26977],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,26855,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26868,26870,26872,26874,26876,26878,26880,26882,26884],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,26857,1487],{"class":52},[46,26859,57],{"class":56},[46,26861,10660],{"class":60},[46,26863,427],{"class":426},[46,26865,501],{"class":430},[46,26867,427],{"class":426},[46,26869,198],{"class":60},[46,26871,6176],{"class":64},[46,26873,68],{"class":60},[46,26875,438],{"class":426},[46,26877,4935],{"class":430},[46,26879,427],{"class":426},[46,26881,198],{"class":60},[46,26883,7962],{"class":64},[46,26885,1105],{"class":60},[46,26887,26888],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,26889,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26891,26892,26895,26897,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,26893,26894],{"class":52},"result1 ",[46,26896,57],{"class":56},[46,26898,1605],{"class":52},[46,26900,507],{"class":60},[46,26902,26409],{"class":102},[46,26904,94],{"class":60},[46,26906,427],{"class":426},[46,26908,501],{"class":430},[46,26910,427],{"class":426},[46,26912,215],{"class":60},[46,26914,26915,26918,26920,26922,26924,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26941,26943],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,26916,26917],{"class":52},"result2 ",[46,26919,57],{"class":56},[46,26921,1605],{"class":52},[46,26923,507],{"class":60},[46,26925,26409],{"class":102},[46,26927,94],{"class":60},[46,26929,427],{"class":426},[46,26931,9908],{"class":430},[46,26933,427],{"class":426},[46,26935,68],{"class":60},[46,26937,438],{"class":426},[46,26939,26940],{"class":430},"missing",[46,26942,427],{"class":426},[46,26944,215],{"class":60},[46,26946,26947],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,26948,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,26950,26951,26953,26955,26958,26960],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,26952,91],{"class":90},[46,26954,94],{"class":60},[46,26956,26957],{"class":102},"result1",[46,26959,1592],{"class":60},[46,26961,26962],{"class":3845},"  # 10\n",[46,26964,26965,26967,26969,26972,26974],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,26966,91],{"class":90},[46,26968,94],{"class":60},[46,26970,26971],{"class":102},"result2",[46,26973,1592],{"class":60},[46,26975,26976],{"class":3845},"  # missing\n",[46,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,26980,91],{"class":90},[46,26982,94],{"class":60},[46,26984,1523],{"class":102},[46,26986,1592],{"class":60},[46,26988,26989],{"class":3845},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26991,26992,26993,6803],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[501,26994,26995],{"href":10905},[15,26996,26997],{},"dict.get()",[32,26999,1794,27001],{"id":27000},"when-to-use-pop",[15,27002,12931],{},[20,27004,160,27005,1801],{},[15,27006,12931],{},[172,27008,27009,27012,27015],{},[175,27010,27011],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[175,27013,27014],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[175,27016,27017],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,27019,2393],{},[37,27021,27023],{"className":39,"code":27022,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,27024,27025,27077,27081,27108,27112,27136,27140,27154,27168],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27026,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035,27037,27039,27041,27043,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27061,27063,27065,27068,27070,27072,27075],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27028,25291],{"class":52},[46,27030,57],{"class":56},[46,27032,10660],{"class":60},[46,27034,427],{"class":426},[46,27036,1009],{"class":430},[46,27038,427],{"class":426},[46,27040,198],{"class":60},[46,27042,438],{"class":426},[46,27044,27045],{"class":430},"Laptop",[46,27047,427],{"class":426},[46,27049,68],{"class":60},[46,27051,438],{"class":426},[46,27053,25317],{"class":430},[46,27055,427],{"class":426},[46,27057,198],{"class":60},[46,27059,27060],{"class":64}," 1200",[46,27062,68],{"class":60},[46,27064,438],{"class":426},[46,27066,27067],{"class":430},"discount",[46,27069,427],{"class":426},[46,27071,198],{"class":60},[46,27073,27074],{"class":64}," 200",[46,27076,1105],{"class":60},[46,27078,27079],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27080,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27082,27083,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,27084,27085],{"class":52},"discount_amount ",[46,27087,57],{"class":56},[46,27089,25369],{"class":52},[46,27091,507],{"class":60},[46,27093,26409],{"class":102},[46,27095,94],{"class":60},[46,27097,427],{"class":426},[46,27099,27067],{"class":430},[46,27101,427],{"class":426},[46,27103,68],{"class":60},[46,27105,4015],{"class":64},[46,27107,215],{"class":60},[46,27109,27110],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,27111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27113,27114,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125,27127,27129,27131,27133],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,27115,27116],{"class":52},"final_price ",[46,27118,57],{"class":56},[46,27120,25369],{"class":52},[46,27122,1152],{"class":60},[46,27124,427],{"class":426},[46,27126,25317],{"class":430},[46,27128,427],{"class":426},[46,27130,13441],{"class":60},[46,27132,2408],{"class":56},[46,27134,27135],{"class":52}," discount_amount\n",[46,27137,27138],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,27139,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27141,27142,27144,27146,27149,27151],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,27143,91],{"class":90},[46,27145,94],{"class":60},[46,27147,27148],{"class":102},"discount_amount",[46,27150,1592],{"class":60},[46,27152,27153],{"class":3845},"  # 200\n",[46,27155,27156,27158,27160,27163,27165],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,27157,91],{"class":90},[46,27159,94],{"class":60},[46,27161,27162],{"class":102},"final_price",[46,27164,1592],{"class":60},[46,27166,27167],{"class":3845},"      # 1000\n",[46,27169,27170,27172,27174,27177,27179],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,27171,91],{"class":90},[46,27173,94],{"class":60},[46,27175,27176],{"class":102},"product",[46,27178,1592],{"class":60},[46,27180,27181],{"class":3845},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27183,27184],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[32,27186,27188,10755,27190],{"id":27187},"pop-vs-del",[15,27189,12931],{},[15,27191,27192],{},"del",[20,27194,10760,27195,2051,27197,27199],{},[15,27196,12931],{},[15,27198,27192],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[283,27201,160,27203,27205],{"id":27202},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27204,12931],{}," when you need the removed value",[37,27207,27209],{"className":39,"code":27208,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27210,27211,27247,27251,27273,27277,27290],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27212,27213,27215,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27214,13372],{"class":52},[46,27216,57],{"class":56},[46,27218,10660],{"class":60},[46,27220,427],{"class":426},[46,27222,1009],{"class":430},[46,27224,427],{"class":426},[46,27226,198],{"class":60},[46,27228,438],{"class":426},[46,27230,1018],{"class":430},[46,27232,427],{"class":426},[46,27234,68],{"class":60},[46,27236,438],{"class":426},[46,27238,9468],{"class":430},[46,27240,427],{"class":426},[46,27242,198],{"class":60},[46,27244,9475],{"class":64},[46,27246,1105],{"class":60},[46,27248,27249],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27250,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27252,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,27254,21795],{"class":52},[46,27256,57],{"class":56},[46,27258,13415],{"class":52},[46,27260,507],{"class":60},[46,27262,26409],{"class":102},[46,27264,94],{"class":60},[46,27266,427],{"class":426},[46,27268,9468],{"class":430},[46,27270,427],{"class":426},[46,27272,215],{"class":60},[46,27274,27275],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,27276,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27278,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,27280,91],{"class":90},[46,27282,94],{"class":60},[46,27284,9468],{"class":102},[46,27286,1592],{"class":60},[46,27288,27289],{"class":3845},"     # 25\n",[46,27291,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,27293,91],{"class":90},[46,27295,94],{"class":60},[46,27297,17473],{"class":102},[46,27299,1592],{"class":60},[46,27301,27302],{"class":3845},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[283,27304,160,27306,27308],{"id":27305},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27307,27192],{}," when you only want deletion",[37,27310,27312],{"className":39,"code":27311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27313,27314,27350,27354,27370,27374],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27315,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27317,13372],{"class":52},[46,27319,57],{"class":56},[46,27321,10660],{"class":60},[46,27323,427],{"class":426},[46,27325,1009],{"class":430},[46,27327,427],{"class":426},[46,27329,198],{"class":60},[46,27331,438],{"class":426},[46,27333,1018],{"class":430},[46,27335,427],{"class":426},[46,27337,68],{"class":60},[46,27339,438],{"class":426},[46,27341,9468],{"class":430},[46,27343,427],{"class":426},[46,27345,198],{"class":60},[46,27347,9475],{"class":64},[46,27349,1105],{"class":60},[46,27351,27352],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27353,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27355,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,27357,27192],{"class":1595},[46,27359,13415],{"class":52},[46,27361,1152],{"class":60},[46,27363,427],{"class":426},[46,27365,9468],{"class":430},[46,27367,427],{"class":426},[46,27369,84],{"class":60},[46,27371,27372],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,27373,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27375,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,27377,91],{"class":90},[46,27379,94],{"class":60},[46,27381,17473],{"class":102},[46,27383,1592],{"class":60},[46,27385,27302],{"class":3845},[20,27387,27388],{},"Difference:",[172,27390,27391,27396],{},[175,27392,27393,27395],{},[15,27394,12931],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[175,27397,27398,27400],{},[15,27399,27192],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27402,27403,27404,507],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[501,27405,12742],{"href":12741},[32,27407,27409,27410],{"id":27408},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27411,19855],{},[20,27413,27414],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[283,27416,27418],{"id":27417},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[37,27420,27422],{"className":39,"code":27421,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27423,27424,27449,27453,27479,27483,27495],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27425,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27445,27447],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27427,11893],{"class":52},[46,27429,57],{"class":56},[46,27431,10660],{"class":60},[46,27433,427],{"class":426},[46,27435,1009],{"class":430},[46,27437,427],{"class":426},[46,27439,198],{"class":60},[46,27441,438],{"class":426},[46,27443,27444],{"class":430},"Sara",[46,27446,427],{"class":426},[46,27448,1105],{"class":60},[46,27450,27451],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27452,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27454,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475,27477],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,27456,2633],{"class":52},[46,27458,57],{"class":56},[46,27460,11935],{"class":52},[46,27462,507],{"class":60},[46,27464,26409],{"class":102},[46,27466,94],{"class":60},[46,27468,427],{"class":426},[46,27470,9468],{"class":430},[46,27472,427],{"class":426},[46,27474,68],{"class":60},[46,27476,4034],{"class":1325},[46,27478,215],{"class":60},[46,27480,27481],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,27482,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27484,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,27486,91],{"class":90},[46,27488,94],{"class":60},[46,27490,2659],{"class":102},[46,27492,1592],{"class":60},[46,27494,20728],{"class":3845},[46,27496,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,27498,91],{"class":90},[46,27500,94],{"class":60},[46,27502,11618],{"class":102},[46,27504,1592],{"class":60},[46,27506,27507],{"class":3845}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27509,27510],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[283,27512,27514],{"id":27513},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[37,27516,27518],{"className":39,"code":27517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27519,27520,27544,27548,27564,27587,27597,27604],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27521,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27523,11893],{"class":52},[46,27525,57],{"class":56},[46,27527,10660],{"class":60},[46,27529,427],{"class":426},[46,27531,1009],{"class":430},[46,27533,427],{"class":426},[46,27535,198],{"class":60},[46,27537,438],{"class":426},[46,27539,27444],{"class":430},[46,27541,427],{"class":426},[46,27543,1105],{"class":60},[46,27545,27546],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27547,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27549,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,27551,7170],{"class":1595},[46,27553,438],{"class":426},[46,27555,9468],{"class":430},[46,27557,427],{"class":426},[46,27559,21341],{"class":56},[46,27561,11935],{"class":52},[46,27563,6566],{"class":60},[46,27565,27566,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,27567,27568],{"class":52},"    value ",[46,27570,57],{"class":56},[46,27572,11935],{"class":52},[46,27574,507],{"class":60},[46,27576,26409],{"class":102},[46,27578,94],{"class":60},[46,27580,427],{"class":426},[46,27582,9468],{"class":430},[46,27584,427],{"class":426},[46,27586,215],{"class":60},[46,27588,27589,27591,27593,27595],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,27590,8240],{"class":90},[46,27592,94],{"class":60},[46,27594,2659],{"class":102},[46,27596,215],{"class":60},[46,27598,27599,27602],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,27600,27601],{"class":1595},"else",[46,27603,6566],{"class":60},[46,27605,27606,27608,27610,27612,27615,27617],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,27607,8240],{"class":90},[46,27609,94],{"class":60},[46,27611,427],{"class":426},[46,27613,27614],{"class":430},"Key not found",[46,27616,427],{"class":426},[46,27618,215],{"class":60},[283,27620,27622,27623,27625],{"id":27621},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27624,10909],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[37,27627,27629],{"className":39,"code":27628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27630,27631,27655,27659,27685,27689,27701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27632,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651,27653],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27634,11893],{"class":52},[46,27636,57],{"class":56},[46,27638,10660],{"class":60},[46,27640,427],{"class":426},[46,27642,1009],{"class":430},[46,27644,427],{"class":426},[46,27646,198],{"class":60},[46,27648,438],{"class":426},[46,27650,27444],{"class":430},[46,27652,427],{"class":426},[46,27654,1105],{"class":60},[46,27656,27657],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27658,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27660,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,27662,2633],{"class":52},[46,27664,57],{"class":56},[46,27666,11935],{"class":52},[46,27668,507],{"class":60},[46,27670,19918],{"class":102},[46,27672,94],{"class":60},[46,27674,427],{"class":426},[46,27676,9468],{"class":430},[46,27678,427],{"class":426},[46,27680,68],{"class":60},[46,27682,4034],{"class":1325},[46,27684,215],{"class":60},[46,27686,27687],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,27688,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27690,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,27692,91],{"class":90},[46,27694,94],{"class":60},[46,27696,2659],{"class":102},[46,27698,1592],{"class":60},[46,27700,20728],{"class":3845},[46,27702,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,27704,91],{"class":90},[46,27706,94],{"class":60},[46,27708,11618],{"class":102},[46,27710,1592],{"class":60},[46,27712,27507],{"class":3845},[20,27714,160,27715,27719,27720,507],{},[501,27716,27717],{"href":10905},[15,27718,26997],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[501,27721,11430],{"href":11242},[32,27723,4693],{"id":4692},[20,27725,27726,27727,507],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27728,12737],{},[283,27730,25942,27732,27734],{"id":27731},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27733,12931],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27736,27737],{},"Lists use indexes:",[37,27739,27741],{"className":39,"code":27740,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27742,27743,27763],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27744,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753,27755,27757,27759,27761],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27746,53],{"class":52},[46,27748,57],{"class":56},[46,27750,61],{"class":60},[46,27752,1494],{"class":64},[46,27754,68],{"class":60},[46,27756,7962],{"class":64},[46,27758,68],{"class":60},[46,27760,7967],{"class":64},[46,27762,84],{"class":60},[46,27764,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27766,91],{"class":90},[46,27768,94],{"class":60},[46,27770,103],{"class":102},[46,27772,507],{"class":60},[46,27774,26409],{"class":102},[46,27776,94],{"class":60},[46,27778,3175],{"class":64},[46,27780,5533],{"class":60},[46,27782,27783],{"class":3845},"  # 20\n",[20,27785,27786],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[37,27788,27790],{"className":39,"code":27789,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27791,27792,27828],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27793,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27795,13372],{"class":52},[46,27797,57],{"class":56},[46,27799,10660],{"class":60},[46,27801,427],{"class":426},[46,27803,1009],{"class":430},[46,27805,427],{"class":426},[46,27807,198],{"class":60},[46,27809,438],{"class":426},[46,27811,1018],{"class":430},[46,27813,427],{"class":426},[46,27815,68],{"class":60},[46,27817,438],{"class":426},[46,27819,9468],{"class":430},[46,27821,427],{"class":426},[46,27823,198],{"class":60},[46,27825,9475],{"class":64},[46,27827,1105],{"class":60},[46,27829,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27831,91],{"class":90},[46,27833,94],{"class":60},[46,27835,17473],{"class":102},[46,27837,507],{"class":60},[46,27839,26409],{"class":102},[46,27841,94],{"class":60},[46,27843,427],{"class":426},[46,27845,9468],{"class":430},[46,27847,427],{"class":426},[46,27849,5533],{"class":60},[46,27851,27852],{"class":3845},"  # 25\n",[20,27854,27855,27856,27858,27859,27861],{},"A dictionary does ",[3924,27857,4805],{}," use positions with ",[15,27860,12931],{},". It uses keys.",[283,27863,1859,27865,27867],{"id":27864},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27866,12931],{}," changes the original dictionary",[37,27869,27871],{"className":39,"code":27870,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27872,27873,27905,27909,27931,27935,27948],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27874,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897,27899,27901,27903],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27876,1487],{"class":52},[46,27878,57],{"class":56},[46,27880,10660],{"class":60},[46,27882,427],{"class":426},[46,27884,1589],{"class":430},[46,27886,427],{"class":426},[46,27888,198],{"class":60},[46,27890,81],{"class":64},[46,27892,68],{"class":60},[46,27894,438],{"class":426},[46,27896,11914],{"class":430},[46,27898,427],{"class":426},[46,27900,198],{"class":60},[46,27902,71],{"class":64},[46,27904,1105],{"class":60},[46,27906,27907],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,27908,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27910,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927,27929],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,27912,2633],{"class":52},[46,27914,57],{"class":56},[46,27916,1605],{"class":52},[46,27918,507],{"class":60},[46,27920,26409],{"class":102},[46,27922,94],{"class":60},[46,27924,427],{"class":426},[46,27926,1589],{"class":430},[46,27928,427],{"class":426},[46,27930,215],{"class":60},[46,27932,27933],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,27934,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,27936,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,27938,91],{"class":90},[46,27940,94],{"class":60},[46,27942,2659],{"class":102},[46,27944,1592],{"class":60},[46,27946,27947],{"class":3845},"  # 1\n",[46,27949,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,27951,91],{"class":90},[46,27953,94],{"class":60},[46,27955,1523],{"class":102},[46,27957,1592],{"class":60},[46,27959,27960],{"class":3845},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27962,27963,27964,27966],{},"After ",[15,27965,12931],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[283,27968,578,27970,27972],{"id":27969},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27971,12931],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[37,27974,27976],{"className":39,"code":27975,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27977,27978,28002,28006,28011],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,27979,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988,27990,27992,27994,27996,27998,28000],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,27981,1487],{"class":52},[46,27983,57],{"class":56},[46,27985,10660],{"class":60},[46,27987,427],{"class":426},[46,27989,1009],{"class":430},[46,27991,427],{"class":426},[46,27993,198],{"class":60},[46,27995,438],{"class":426},[46,27997,8092],{"class":430},[46,27999,427],{"class":426},[46,28001,1105],{"class":60},[46,28003,28004],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28005,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,28007,28008],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,28009,28010],{"class":3845},"# This causes an error\n",[46,28012,28013],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,28014,28015],{"class":3845},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,28017,28018],{},"Safer version:",[37,28020,28022],{"className":39,"code":28021,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,28023,28024,28048,28052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28025,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28027,1487],{"class":52},[46,28029,57],{"class":56},[46,28031,10660],{"class":60},[46,28033,427],{"class":426},[46,28035,1009],{"class":430},[46,28037,427],{"class":426},[46,28039,198],{"class":60},[46,28041,438],{"class":426},[46,28043,8092],{"class":430},[46,28045,427],{"class":426},[46,28047,1105],{"class":60},[46,28049,28050],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28051,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,28053,28054,28056,28058,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078,28080,28082],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,28055,91],{"class":90},[46,28057,94],{"class":60},[46,28059,1523],{"class":102},[46,28061,507],{"class":60},[46,28063,26409],{"class":102},[46,28065,94],{"class":60},[46,28067,427],{"class":426},[46,28069,9468],{"class":430},[46,28071,427],{"class":426},[46,28073,68],{"class":60},[46,28075,438],{"class":426},[46,28077,26940],{"class":430},[46,28079,427],{"class":426},[46,28081,5533],{"class":60},[46,28083,26976],{"class":3845},[283,28085,1853,28087,28089],{"id":28086},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28088,12931],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[37,28091,28093],{"className":39,"code":28092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28094,28095,28127,28131,28153,28157,28169],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28096,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28098,1487],{"class":52},[46,28100,57],{"class":56},[46,28102,10660],{"class":60},[46,28104,427],{"class":426},[46,28106,501],{"class":430},[46,28108,427],{"class":426},[46,28110,198],{"class":60},[46,28112,81],{"class":64},[46,28114,68],{"class":60},[46,28116,438],{"class":426},[46,28118,4935],{"class":430},[46,28120,427],{"class":426},[46,28122,198],{"class":60},[46,28124,71],{"class":64},[46,28126,1105],{"class":60},[46,28128,28129],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28130,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,28132,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,28134,2416],{"class":52},[46,28136,57],{"class":56},[46,28138,1605],{"class":52},[46,28140,507],{"class":60},[46,28142,26409],{"class":102},[46,28144,94],{"class":60},[46,28146,427],{"class":426},[46,28148,501],{"class":430},[46,28150,427],{"class":426},[46,28152,215],{"class":60},[46,28154,28155],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,28156,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,28158,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,28160,91],{"class":90},[46,28162,94],{"class":60},[46,28164,2451],{"class":102},[46,28166,1592],{"class":60},[46,28168,27947],{"class":3845},[46,28170,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,28172,91],{"class":90},[46,28174,94],{"class":60},[46,28176,1523],{"class":102},[46,28178,1592],{"class":60},[46,28180,28181],{"class":3845},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28183,28184],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[32,28186,28188],{"id":28187},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28190,28191,28192,28194],{},"Problems with ",[15,28193,12737],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[172,28196,28197,28200,28209,28212],{},[175,28198,28199],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[175,28201,28202,28203,28206,28207],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28204,28205],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28208,26505],{},[175,28210,28211],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[175,28213,28214,28215,11260,28217],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28216,3175],{},[15,28218,28219],{},"\"1\"",[20,28221,28222],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[37,28224,28226],{"className":39,"code":28225,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28227,28228,28252,28256,28286],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28229,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28231,1487],{"class":52},[46,28233,57],{"class":56},[46,28235,10660],{"class":60},[46,28237,427],{"class":426},[46,28239,3175],{"class":430},[46,28241,427],{"class":426},[46,28243,198],{"class":60},[46,28245,438],{"class":426},[46,28247,6757],{"class":430},[46,28249,427],{"class":426},[46,28251,1105],{"class":60},[46,28253,28254],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28255,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,28257,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28279,28281,28283],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,28259,91],{"class":90},[46,28261,94],{"class":60},[46,28263,1523],{"class":102},[46,28265,507],{"class":60},[46,28267,26409],{"class":102},[46,28269,94],{"class":60},[46,28271,3175],{"class":64},[46,28273,68],{"class":60},[46,28275,438],{"class":426},[46,28277,28278],{"class":430},"not found",[46,28280,427],{"class":426},[46,28282,5533],{"class":60},[46,28284,28285],{"class":3845},"    # not found\n",[46,28287,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300,28302,28304,28306,28308,28310,28312,28314,28316],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,28289,91],{"class":90},[46,28291,94],{"class":60},[46,28293,1523],{"class":102},[46,28295,507],{"class":60},[46,28297,26409],{"class":102},[46,28299,94],{"class":60},[46,28301,427],{"class":426},[46,28303,3175],{"class":430},[46,28305,427],{"class":426},[46,28307,68],{"class":60},[46,28309,438],{"class":426},[46,28311,28278],{"class":430},[46,28313,427],{"class":426},[46,28315,5533],{"class":60},[46,28317,28318],{"class":3845},"  # one\n",[20,28320,28321,2051,28323,28325],{},[15,28322,3175],{},[15,28324,28219],{}," are different keys.",[32,28327,9044],{"id":9043},[20,28329,9047,28330,28332],{},[15,28331,12931],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[37,28334,28336],{"className":39,"code":28335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28337,28338,28348,28362,28380,28410],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28339,28340,28342,28344,28346],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28341,91],{"class":90},[46,28343,94],{"class":60},[46,28345,11618],{"class":102},[46,28347,215],{"class":60},[46,28349,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28351,91],{"class":90},[46,28353,94],{"class":60},[46,28355,11618],{"class":102},[46,28357,507],{"class":60},[46,28359,17089],{"class":102},[46,28361,7367],{"class":60},[46,28363,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374,28376,28378],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,28365,91],{"class":90},[46,28367,94],{"class":60},[46,28369,1188],{"class":426},[46,28371,1009],{"class":430},[46,28373,1188],{"class":426},[46,28375,21341],{"class":1595},[46,28377,11935],{"class":102},[46,28379,215],{"class":60},[46,28381,28382,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,28383,91],{"class":90},[46,28385,94],{"class":60},[46,28387,11618],{"class":102},[46,28389,507],{"class":60},[46,28391,26409],{"class":102},[46,28393,94],{"class":60},[46,28395,1188],{"class":426},[46,28397,1009],{"class":430},[46,28399,1188],{"class":426},[46,28401,68],{"class":60},[46,28403,1197],{"class":426},[46,28405,26940],{"class":430},[46,28407,1188],{"class":426},[46,28409,106],{"class":60},[46,28411,28412,28414,28416,28418,28420,28422],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,28413,91],{"class":90},[46,28415,94],{"class":60},[46,28417,1889],{"class":1270},[46,28419,94],{"class":60},[46,28421,11618],{"class":102},[46,28423,106],{"class":60},[20,28425,21504],{},[172,28427,28428,28433,28438,28443,28449],{},[175,28429,28430,28432],{},[15,28431,12847],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[175,28434,28435,28437],{},[15,28436,21516],{}," shows all available keys",[175,28439,28440,28442],{},[15,28441,21522],{}," checks whether a key exists",[175,28444,28445,28448],{},[15,28446,28447],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[175,28450,28451,28453],{},[15,28452,12853],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28455,28456,28457,507],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[501,28458,9560],{"href":9559},[32,28460,1991],{"id":1990},[283,28462,28464,28465,28467],{"id":28463},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28466,12931],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28469,28470],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[283,28472,28474],{"id":28473},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28476,28477,26705,28479,28481,28482,28484],{},[15,28478,26505],{},[15,28480,19855],{},". ",[15,28483,26509],{}," returns the default value instead.",[283,28486,12872,28488,15062],{"id":28487},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28489,12931],{},[20,28491,28492],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[283,28494,28496,28497,28499],{"id":28495},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28498,12931],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28501,28502,28503,28505,28506,507],{},"Not with ",[15,28504,12737],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[501,28507,28508],{"href":12748},[15,28509,12938],{},[283,28511,2048,28513,2051,28515,2035],{"id":28512},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28514,10909],{},[15,28516,12931],{},[20,28518,28519,28521,28522,28524],{},[15,28520,10909],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28523,12931],{}," reads and removes it.",[32,28526,2065],{"id":2064},[172,28528,28529,28535,28542,28546,28550,28554],{},[175,28530,28531],{},[501,28532,28533],{"href":10905},[15,28534,19836],{},[175,28536,28537],{},[501,28538,28539],{"href":12748},[15,28540,28541],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[175,28543,28544],{},[501,28545,12955],{"href":12741},[175,28547,28548],{},[501,28549,21625],{"href":16762},[175,28551,28552],{},[501,28553,11430],{"href":11242},[175,28555,28556],{},[501,28557,28559],{"href":28558},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2103,28561,28562],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":28564},[28565,28566,28568,28569,28570,28572,28579,28586,28596,28597,28598,28609],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":26516,"depth":87,"text":28567},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":27000,"depth":87,"text":28571},"When to use pop()",{"id":27187,"depth":87,"text":28573,"children":28574},"pop() vs del",[28575,28577],{"id":27202,"depth":109,"text":28576},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27305,"depth":109,"text":28578},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27408,"depth":87,"text":28580,"children":28581},"How to avoid KeyError",[28582,28583,28584],{"id":27417,"depth":109,"text":27418},{"id":27513,"depth":109,"text":27514},{"id":27621,"depth":109,"text":28585},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":28587},[28588,28590,28592,28594],{"id":27731,"depth":109,"text":28589},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27864,"depth":109,"text":28591},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27969,"depth":109,"text":28593},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28086,"depth":109,"text":28595},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28187,"depth":87,"text":28188},{"id":9043,"depth":87,"text":9044},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":28599},[28600,28602,28603,28605,28607],{"id":28463,"depth":109,"text":28601},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28473,"depth":109,"text":28474},{"id":28487,"depth":109,"text":28604},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28495,"depth":109,"text":28606},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28512,"depth":109,"text":28608},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26337,"description":28610},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28617,"title":28541,"body":28618,"description":30557,"extension":2150,"meta":30558,"navigation":112,"path":30559,"seo":30560,"stem":30561,"__hash__":30562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28619,"toc":30521},[28620,28625,28630,28633,28641,28651,28653,28742,28746,28795,28800,28805,28809,28825,28828,28830,28845,28847,28863,28870,28874,28880,28889,28891,28960,28964,28985,28988,29007,29010,29033,29035,29038,29152,29156,29215,29222,29226,29232,29357,29361,29411,29414,29418,29425,29427,29490,29494,29515,29518,29527,29542,29550,29557,29561,29573,29577,29588,29590,29736,29740,29799,29806,29811,29815,29821,29844,29849,29868,29872,29943,29950,30023,30032,30037,30042,30053,30056,30193,30198,30230,30235,30237,30241,30301,30304,30361,30364,30407,30409,30414,30420,30426,30429,30436,30444,30449,30452,30459,30467,30469,30518],[10,28621,11486,28623,11490],{"id":28622},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28624,12938],{},[20,28626,882,28627,28629],{},[15,28628,12938],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28631,28632],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[172,28634,28635,28638],{},[175,28636,28637],{},"remove an item",[175,28639,28640],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28642,28643,28644,28646,28647,28650],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28645,12938],{}," removes the ",[3924,28648,28649],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[32,28652,35],{"id":34},[37,28654,28656],{"className":39,"code":28655,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28657,28658,28702,28718,28722,28732],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28659,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668,28670,28672,28674,28676,28678,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28661,1487],{"class":52},[46,28663,57],{"class":56},[46,28665,10660],{"class":60},[46,28667,427],{"class":426},[46,28669,501],{"class":430},[46,28671,427],{"class":426},[46,28673,198],{"class":60},[46,28675,81],{"class":64},[46,28677,68],{"class":60},[46,28679,438],{"class":426},[46,28681,4935],{"class":430},[46,28683,427],{"class":426},[46,28685,198],{"class":60},[46,28687,71],{"class":64},[46,28689,68],{"class":60},[46,28691,438],{"class":426},[46,28693,9908],{"class":430},[46,28695,427],{"class":426},[46,28697,198],{"class":60},[46,28699,312],{"class":64},[46,28701,1105],{"class":60},[46,28703,28704,28707,28709,28711,28713,28716],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28705,28706],{"class":52},"item ",[46,28708,57],{"class":56},[46,28710,1605],{"class":52},[46,28712,507],{"class":60},[46,28714,28715],{"class":102},"popitem",[46,28717,8814],{"class":60},[46,28719,28720],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,28721,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,28723,28724,28726,28728,28730],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,28725,91],{"class":90},[46,28727,94],{"class":60},[46,28729,23478],{"class":102},[46,28731,215],{"class":60},[46,28733,28734,28736,28738,28740],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,28735,91],{"class":90},[46,28737,94],{"class":60},[46,28739,1523],{"class":102},[46,28741,215],{"class":60},[20,28743,28744],{},[3924,28745,143],{},[37,28747,28749],{"className":39,"code":28748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28750,28751,28767],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28752,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761,28763,28765],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28754,94],{"class":60},[46,28756,1188],{"class":426},[46,28758,9908],{"class":430},[46,28760,1188],{"class":426},[46,28762,68],{"class":60},[46,28764,312],{"class":64},[46,28766,215],{"class":60},[46,28768,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781,28783,28785,28787,28789,28791,28793],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28770,1185],{"class":60},[46,28772,1188],{"class":426},[46,28774,501],{"class":430},[46,28776,1188],{"class":426},[46,28778,198],{"class":60},[46,28780,81],{"class":64},[46,28782,68],{"class":60},[46,28784,1197],{"class":426},[46,28786,4935],{"class":430},[46,28788,1188],{"class":426},[46,28790,198],{"class":60},[46,28792,71],{"class":64},[46,28794,1105],{"class":60},[20,28796,28797,28799],{},[15,28798,12938],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[32,28801,167,28803,170],{"id":28802},"what-popitem-does",[15,28804,12938],{},[20,28806,28807,198],{},[15,28808,12938],{},[172,28810,28811,28814,28819,28822],{},[175,28812,28813],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[175,28815,28816,28817],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28818,21822],{},[175,28820,28821],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[175,28823,28824],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28826,28827],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[32,28829,2343],{"id":2342},[37,28831,28833],{"className":39,"code":28832,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28834,28835],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28836,28837,28839,28841,28843],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28838,15771],{"class":52},[46,28840,507],{"class":60},[46,28842,28715],{"class":102},[46,28844,8814],{"class":60},[20,28846,888],{},[172,28848,28849,28857,28860],{},[175,28850,28851,28853,28854],{},[15,28852,12938],{}," takes ",[3924,28855,28856],{},"no arguments",[175,28858,28859],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[175,28861,28862],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28864,28865,28866,6803],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[501,28867,28868],{"href":12734},[15,28869,12931],{},[32,28871,28873],{"id":28872},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28875,28876,28877,28879],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28878,12938],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28881,28882,28883,28886],"ol",{},[175,28884,28885],{},"the key",[175,28887,28888],{},"the value",[20,28890,2393],{},[37,28892,28894],{"className":39,"code":28893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28895,28896,28932,28946,28950],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28897,28898,28900,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918,28920,28922,28924,28926,28928,28930],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28899,13372],{"class":52},[46,28901,57],{"class":56},[46,28903,10660],{"class":60},[46,28905,427],{"class":426},[46,28907,1009],{"class":430},[46,28909,427],{"class":426},[46,28911,198],{"class":60},[46,28913,438],{"class":426},[46,28915,5178],{"class":430},[46,28917,427],{"class":426},[46,28919,68],{"class":60},[46,28921,438],{"class":426},[46,28923,9468],{"class":430},[46,28925,427],{"class":426},[46,28927,198],{"class":60},[46,28929,9475],{"class":64},[46,28931,1105],{"class":60},[46,28933,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,28935,2416],{"class":52},[46,28937,57],{"class":56},[46,28939,13415],{"class":52},[46,28941,507],{"class":60},[46,28943,28715],{"class":102},[46,28945,8814],{"class":60},[46,28947,28948],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,28949,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,28951,28952,28954,28956,28958],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,28953,91],{"class":90},[46,28955,94],{"class":60},[46,28957,2451],{"class":102},[46,28959,215],{"class":60},[20,28961,28962],{},[3924,28963,143],{},[37,28965,28967],{"className":39,"code":28966,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28968,28969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28970,28971,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28972,94],{"class":60},[46,28974,1188],{"class":426},[46,28976,9468],{"class":430},[46,28978,1188],{"class":426},[46,28980,68],{"class":60},[46,28982,9475],{"class":64},[46,28984,215],{"class":60},[20,28986,28987],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[37,28989,28991],{"className":39,"code":28990,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28992,28993],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,28994,28995,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,28996,2416],{"class":52},[46,28998,57],{"class":56},[46,29000,13415],{"class":52},[46,29002,507],{"class":60},[46,29004,28715],{"class":102},[46,29006,8814],{"class":60},[20,29008,29009],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[37,29011,29013],{"className":39,"code":29012,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,29014,29015],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29016,29017,29019,29021,29023,29025,29027,29029,29031],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29018,408],{"class":52},[46,29020,68],{"class":60},[46,29022,21751],{"class":52},[46,29024,57],{"class":56},[46,29026,13415],{"class":52},[46,29028,507],{"class":60},[46,29030,28715],{"class":102},[46,29032,8814],{"class":60},[32,29034,11643],{"id":11642},[20,29036,29037],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[37,29039,29041],{"className":39,"code":29040,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29042,29043,29090,29094,29109,29113,29133],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29044,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29081,29083,29085,29088],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29046,596],{"class":52},[46,29048,57],{"class":56},[46,29050,10660],{"class":60},[46,29052,427],{"class":426},[46,29054,29055],{"class":430},"Tom",[46,29057,427],{"class":426},[46,29059,198],{"class":60},[46,29061,5249],{"class":64},[46,29063,68],{"class":60},[46,29065,438],{"class":426},[46,29067,1018],{"class":430},[46,29069,427],{"class":426},[46,29071,198],{"class":60},[46,29073,613],{"class":64},[46,29075,68],{"class":60},[46,29077,438],{"class":426},[46,29079,29080],{"class":430},"Leo",[46,29082,427],{"class":426},[46,29084,198],{"class":60},[46,29086,29087],{"class":64}," 88",[46,29089,1105],{"class":60},[46,29091,29092],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29093,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29095,29096,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,29097,29098],{"class":52},"removed_pair ",[46,29100,57],{"class":56},[46,29102,5284],{"class":52},[46,29104,507],{"class":60},[46,29106,28715],{"class":102},[46,29108,8814],{"class":60},[46,29110,29111],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,29112,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29114,29115,29117,29119,29121,29124,29126,29128,29131],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,29116,91],{"class":90},[46,29118,94],{"class":60},[46,29120,427],{"class":426},[46,29122,29123],{"class":430},"Removed:",[46,29125,427],{"class":426},[46,29127,68],{"class":60},[46,29129,29130],{"class":102}," removed_pair",[46,29132,215],{"class":60},[46,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29144,29146,29148,29150],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,29136,91],{"class":90},[46,29138,94],{"class":60},[46,29140,427],{"class":426},[46,29142,29143],{"class":430},"After removal:",[46,29145,427],{"class":426},[46,29147,68],{"class":60},[46,29149,5284],{"class":102},[46,29151,215],{"class":60},[20,29153,29154],{},[3924,29155,143],{},[37,29157,29159],{"className":39,"code":29158,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29160,29161,29182],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29162,29163,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29164,29165],{"class":52},"Removed",[46,29167,198],{"class":60},[46,29169,9406],{"class":60},[46,29171,1188],{"class":426},[46,29173,29080],{"class":430},[46,29175,1188],{"class":426},[46,29177,68],{"class":60},[46,29179,29087],{"class":64},[46,29181,215],{"class":60},[46,29183,29184,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209,29211,29213],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29185,29186],{"class":52},"After removal",[46,29188,198],{"class":60},[46,29190,10660],{"class":60},[46,29192,1188],{"class":426},[46,29194,29055],{"class":430},[46,29196,1188],{"class":426},[46,29198,198],{"class":60},[46,29200,5249],{"class":64},[46,29202,68],{"class":60},[46,29204,1197],{"class":426},[46,29206,1018],{"class":430},[46,29208,1188],{"class":426},[46,29210,198],{"class":60},[46,29212,613],{"class":64},[46,29214,1105],{"class":60},[20,29216,29217,29218,29221],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29219,29220],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[32,29223,29225],{"id":29224},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29227,29228,29229,29231],{},"Because ",[15,29230,12938],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[37,29233,29235],{"className":39,"code":29234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29236,29237,29273,29277,29296,29300,29319,29338],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29238,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251,29253,29255,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269,29271],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29240,15614],{"class":52},[46,29242,57],{"class":56},[46,29244,10660],{"class":60},[46,29246,427],{"class":426},[46,29248,15625],{"class":430},[46,29250,427],{"class":426},[46,29252,198],{"class":60},[46,29254,438],{"class":426},[46,29256,15634],{"class":430},[46,29258,427],{"class":426},[46,29260,68],{"class":60},[46,29262,438],{"class":426},[46,29264,15645],{"class":430},[46,29266,427],{"class":426},[46,29268,198],{"class":60},[46,29270,27074],{"class":64},[46,29272,1105],{"class":60},[46,29274,29275],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29276,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29278,29279,29281,29283,29285,29287,29290,29292,29294],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,29280,408],{"class":52},[46,29282,68],{"class":60},[46,29284,21751],{"class":52},[46,29286,57],{"class":56},[46,29288,29289],{"class":52}," book",[46,29291,507],{"class":60},[46,29293,28715],{"class":102},[46,29295,8814],{"class":60},[46,29297,29298],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,29299,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29301,29302,29304,29306,29308,29311,29313,29315,29317],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,29303,91],{"class":90},[46,29305,94],{"class":60},[46,29307,427],{"class":426},[46,29309,29310],{"class":430},"Key:",[46,29312,427],{"class":426},[46,29314,68],{"class":60},[46,29316,255],{"class":102},[46,29318,215],{"class":60},[46,29320,29321,29323,29325,29327,29330,29332,29334,29336],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,29322,91],{"class":90},[46,29324,94],{"class":60},[46,29326,427],{"class":426},[46,29328,29329],{"class":430},"Value:",[46,29331,427],{"class":426},[46,29333,68],{"class":60},[46,29335,8605],{"class":102},[46,29337,215],{"class":60},[46,29339,29340,29342,29344,29346,29349,29351,29353,29355],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,29341,91],{"class":90},[46,29343,94],{"class":60},[46,29345,427],{"class":426},[46,29347,29348],{"class":430},"Dictionary:",[46,29350,427],{"class":426},[46,29352,68],{"class":60},[46,29354,29289],{"class":102},[46,29356,215],{"class":60},[20,29358,29359],{},[3924,29360,143],{},[37,29362,29364],{"className":39,"code":29363,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29365,29366,29376,29386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29367,29368,29371,29373],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29369,29370],{"class":52},"Key",[46,29372,198],{"class":60},[46,29374,29375],{"class":52}," pages\n",[46,29377,29378,29381,29383],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29379,29380],{"class":52},"Value",[46,29382,198],{"class":60},[46,29384,29385],{"class":64}," 200\n",[46,29387,29388,29391,29393,29395,29397,29399,29401,29403,29405,29407,29409],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,29389,29390],{"class":52},"Dictionary",[46,29392,198],{"class":60},[46,29394,10660],{"class":60},[46,29396,1188],{"class":426},[46,29398,15625],{"class":430},[46,29400,1188],{"class":426},[46,29402,198],{"class":60},[46,29404,1197],{"class":426},[46,29406,15634],{"class":430},[46,29408,1188],{"class":426},[46,29410,1105],{"class":60},[20,29412,29413],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[32,29415,29417],{"id":29416},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29419,29420,29421,28646,29423,507],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29422,12938],{},[3924,29424,28649],{},[20,29426,2393],{},[37,29428,29430],{"className":39,"code":29429,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29431,29432,29476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29433,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458,29460,29462,29464,29466,29468,29470,29472,29474],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29435,1487],{"class":52},[46,29437,57],{"class":56},[46,29439,10660],{"class":60},[46,29441,427],{"class":426},[46,29443,1589],{"class":430},[46,29445,427],{"class":426},[46,29447,198],{"class":60},[46,29449,81],{"class":64},[46,29451,68],{"class":60},[46,29453,438],{"class":426},[46,29455,11914],{"class":430},[46,29457,427],{"class":426},[46,29459,198],{"class":60},[46,29461,71],{"class":64},[46,29463,68],{"class":60},[46,29465,438],{"class":426},[46,29467,22244],{"class":430},[46,29469,427],{"class":426},[46,29471,198],{"class":60},[46,29473,312],{"class":64},[46,29475,1105],{"class":60},[46,29477,29478,29480,29482,29484,29486,29488],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29479,91],{"class":90},[46,29481,94],{"class":60},[46,29483,1523],{"class":102},[46,29485,507],{"class":60},[46,29487,28715],{"class":102},[46,29489,7367],{"class":60},[20,29491,29492],{},[3924,29493,143],{},[37,29495,29497],{"className":39,"code":29496,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29498,29499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29500,29501,29503,29505,29507,29509,29511,29513],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29502,94],{"class":60},[46,29504,1188],{"class":426},[46,29506,22244],{"class":430},[46,29508,1188],{"class":426},[46,29510,68],{"class":60},[46,29512,312],{"class":64},[46,29514,215],{"class":60},[20,29516,29517],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29519,29520,29521,29523,29524,29526],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3924,29522,4805],{}," think of ",[15,29525,12938],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29528,29529,29530,2374,29534,17238,29538,507],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[501,29531,29532],{"href":17241},[15,29533,17244],{},[501,29535,29536],{"href":17228},[15,29537,17231],{},[501,29539,29540],{"href":17234},[15,29541,17237],{},[32,29543,29545,29546,2051,29548],{"id":29544},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29547,12938],{},[15,29549,12931],{},[20,29551,29552,2051,29554,29556],{},[15,29553,12938],{},[15,29555,12931],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[283,29558,29559],{"id":28715},[15,29560,12938],{},[172,29562,29563,29566,29569],{},[175,29564,29565],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[175,29567,29568],{},"does not need a key argument",[175,29570,3873,29571],{},[15,29572,21822],{},[283,29574,29575],{"id":26409},[15,29576,12931],{},[172,29578,29579,29582,29585],{},[175,29580,29581],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[175,29583,29584],{},"needs the key name",[175,29586,29587],{},"returns only the value",[20,29589,2393],{},[37,29591,29593],{"className":39,"code":29592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29594,29595,29639,29643,29657,29677,29681,29703,29722,29726],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29596,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635,29637],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29598,1487],{"class":52},[46,29600,57],{"class":56},[46,29602,10660],{"class":60},[46,29604,427],{"class":426},[46,29606,501],{"class":430},[46,29608,427],{"class":426},[46,29610,198],{"class":60},[46,29612,81],{"class":64},[46,29614,68],{"class":60},[46,29616,438],{"class":426},[46,29618,4935],{"class":430},[46,29620,427],{"class":426},[46,29622,198],{"class":60},[46,29624,71],{"class":64},[46,29626,68],{"class":60},[46,29628,438],{"class":426},[46,29630,9908],{"class":430},[46,29632,427],{"class":426},[46,29634,198],{"class":60},[46,29636,312],{"class":64},[46,29638,1105],{"class":60},[46,29640,29641],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29642,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29644,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29655],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,29646,28706],{"class":52},[46,29648,57],{"class":56},[46,29650,1605],{"class":52},[46,29652,507],{"class":60},[46,29654,28715],{"class":102},[46,29656,8814],{"class":60},[46,29658,29659,29661,29663,29665,29668,29670,29672,29675],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,29660,91],{"class":90},[46,29662,94],{"class":60},[46,29664,427],{"class":426},[46,29666,29667],{"class":430},"popitem():",[46,29669,427],{"class":426},[46,29671,68],{"class":60},[46,29673,29674],{"class":102}," item",[46,29676,215],{"class":60},[46,29678,29679],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,29680,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29682,29683,29685,29687,29689,29691,29693,29695,29697,29699,29701],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,29684,2633],{"class":52},[46,29686,57],{"class":56},[46,29688,1605],{"class":52},[46,29690,507],{"class":60},[46,29692,26409],{"class":102},[46,29694,94],{"class":60},[46,29696,427],{"class":426},[46,29698,501],{"class":430},[46,29700,427],{"class":426},[46,29702,215],{"class":60},[46,29704,29705,29707,29709,29711,29714,29716,29718,29720],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,29706,91],{"class":90},[46,29708,94],{"class":60},[46,29710,427],{"class":426},[46,29712,29713],{"class":430},"pop('a'):",[46,29715,427],{"class":426},[46,29717,68],{"class":60},[46,29719,8605],{"class":102},[46,29721,215],{"class":60},[46,29723,29724],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,29725,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29727,29728,29730,29732,29734],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,29729,91],{"class":90},[46,29731,94],{"class":60},[46,29733,1523],{"class":102},[46,29735,215],{"class":60},[20,29737,29738],{},[3924,29739,143],{},[37,29741,29743],{"className":39,"code":29742,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29744,29745,29766,29783],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29746,29747,29749,29752,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762,29764],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29748,28715],{"class":102},[46,29750,29751],{"class":60},"():",[46,29753,9406],{"class":60},[46,29755,1188],{"class":426},[46,29757,9908],{"class":430},[46,29759,1188],{"class":426},[46,29761,68],{"class":60},[46,29763,312],{"class":64},[46,29765,215],{"class":60},[46,29767,29768,29770,29772,29774,29776,29778,29780],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29769,26409],{"class":102},[46,29771,94],{"class":60},[46,29773,1188],{"class":426},[46,29775,501],{"class":430},[46,29777,1188],{"class":426},[46,29779,16617],{"class":60},[46,29781,29782],{"class":64}," 1\n",[46,29784,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,29786,1185],{"class":60},[46,29788,1188],{"class":426},[46,29790,4935],{"class":430},[46,29792,1188],{"class":426},[46,29794,198],{"class":60},[46,29796,71],{"class":64},[46,29798,1105],{"class":60},[20,29800,160,29801,29805],{},[501,29802,29803],{"href":12734},[15,29804,12931],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29807,160,29808,29810],{},[15,29809,12938],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[32,29812,29814],{"id":29813},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29816,29817,29818,29820],{},"Calling ",[15,29819,12938],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[37,29822,29824],{"className":39,"code":29823,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29825,29826,29834],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29827,29828,29830,29832],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29829,1487],{"class":52},[46,29831,57],{"class":56},[46,29833,10007],{"class":60},[46,29835,29836,29838,29840,29842],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29837,1523],{"class":52},[46,29839,507],{"class":60},[46,29841,28715],{"class":102},[46,29843,8814],{"class":60},[20,29845,29846],{},[3924,29847,29848],{},"Error:",[37,29850,29852],{"className":39,"code":29851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29853,29854],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29855,29856,29858,29860,29862,29865],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29857,19855],{"class":1270},[46,29859,198],{"class":60},[46,29861,1197],{"class":426},[46,29863,29864],{"class":430},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[46,29866,29867],{"class":426},"'\n",[283,29869,29871],{"id":29870},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[37,29873,29875],{"className":39,"code":29874,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29876,29877,29885,29889,29897,29912,29922,29928],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29878,29879,29881,29883],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29880,1487],{"class":52},[46,29882,57],{"class":56},[46,29884,10007],{"class":60},[46,29886,29887],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29888,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29890,29891,29893,29895],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,29892,7170],{"class":1595},[46,29894,1605],{"class":52},[46,29896,6566],{"class":60},[46,29898,29899,29902,29904,29906,29908,29910],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,29900,29901],{"class":52},"    item ",[46,29903,57],{"class":56},[46,29905,1605],{"class":52},[46,29907,507],{"class":60},[46,29909,28715],{"class":102},[46,29911,8814],{"class":60},[46,29913,29914,29916,29918,29920],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,29915,8240],{"class":90},[46,29917,94],{"class":60},[46,29919,23478],{"class":102},[46,29921,215],{"class":60},[46,29923,29924,29926],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,29925,27601],{"class":1595},[46,29927,6566],{"class":60},[46,29929,29930,29932,29934,29936,29939,29941],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,29931,8240],{"class":90},[46,29933,94],{"class":60},[46,29935,427],{"class":426},[46,29937,29938],{"class":430},"Dictionary is empty",[46,29940,427],{"class":426},[46,29942,215],{"class":60},[283,29944,29946,29947],{"id":29945},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29948,29949],{},"try-except",[37,29951,29953],{"className":39,"code":29952,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29954,29955,29963,29967,29974,29988,29998,30008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,29956,29957,29959,29961],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,29958,1487],{"class":52},[46,29960,57],{"class":56},[46,29962,10007],{"class":60},[46,29964,29965],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,29966,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,29968,29969,29972],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,29970,29971],{"class":1595},"try",[46,29973,6566],{"class":60},[46,29975,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,29977,29901],{"class":52},[46,29979,57],{"class":56},[46,29981,1605],{"class":52},[46,29983,507],{"class":60},[46,29985,28715],{"class":102},[46,29987,8814],{"class":60},[46,29989,29990,29992,29994,29996],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,29991,8240],{"class":90},[46,29993,94],{"class":60},[46,29995,23478],{"class":102},[46,29997,215],{"class":60},[46,29999,30000,30003,30006],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,30001,30002],{"class":1595},"except",[46,30004,30005],{"class":1270}," KeyError",[46,30007,6566],{"class":60},[46,30009,30010,30012,30014,30016,30019,30021],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,30011,8240],{"class":90},[46,30013,94],{"class":60},[46,30015,427],{"class":426},[46,30017,30018],{"class":430},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[46,30020,427],{"class":426},[46,30022,215],{"class":60},[20,30024,30025,30026,507],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[501,30027,25847,30029],{"href":30028},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,30030,30031],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[32,30033,1794,30035],{"id":30034},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30036,12938],{},[20,30038,30039,30041],{},[15,30040,12938],{}," is useful when:",[172,30043,30044,30047,30050],{},[175,30045,30046],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[175,30048,30049],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[175,30051,30052],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30054,30055],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[37,30057,30059],{"className":39,"code":30058,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30060,30061,30070,30090,30110,30128,30132,30136,30146,30165],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30062,30063,30066,30068],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30064,30065],{"class":52},"tasks ",[46,30067,57],{"class":56},[46,30069,11661],{"class":60},[46,30071,30072,30074,30077,30079,30081,30083,30086,30088],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,30073,11666],{"class":426},[46,30075,30076],{"class":430},"first",[46,30078,427],{"class":426},[46,30080,198],{"class":60},[46,30082,438],{"class":426},[46,30084,30085],{"class":430},"wash dishes",[46,30087,427],{"class":426},[46,30089,11682],{"class":60},[46,30091,30092,30094,30097,30099,30101,30103,30106,30108],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,30093,11666],{"class":426},[46,30095,30096],{"class":430},"second",[46,30098,427],{"class":426},[46,30100,198],{"class":60},[46,30102,438],{"class":426},[46,30104,30105],{"class":430},"do homework",[46,30107,427],{"class":426},[46,30109,11682],{"class":60},[46,30111,30112,30114,30117,30119,30121,30123,30126],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,30113,11666],{"class":426},[46,30115,30116],{"class":430},"third",[46,30118,427],{"class":426},[46,30120,198],{"class":60},[46,30122,438],{"class":426},[46,30124,30125],{"class":430},"read book",[46,30127,3544],{"class":426},[46,30129,30130],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,30131,1105],{"class":60},[46,30133,30134],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,30135,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,30137,30138,30141,30144],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,30139,30140],{"class":1595},"while",[46,30142,30143],{"class":52}," tasks",[46,30145,6566],{"class":60},[46,30147,30148,30151,30153,30155,30157,30159,30161,30163],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,30149,30150],{"class":52},"    key",[46,30152,68],{"class":60},[46,30154,21751],{"class":52},[46,30156,57],{"class":56},[46,30158,30143],{"class":52},[46,30160,507],{"class":60},[46,30162,28715],{"class":102},[46,30164,8814],{"class":60},[46,30166,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,30168,8240],{"class":90},[46,30170,94],{"class":60},[46,30172,22461],{"class":1140},[46,30174,427],{"class":430},[46,30176,1185],{"class":64},[46,30178,408],{"class":102},[46,30180,22470],{"class":64},[46,30182,22473],{"class":430},[46,30184,1185],{"class":64},[46,30186,2659],{"class":102},[46,30188,22470],{"class":64},[46,30190,427],{"class":430},[46,30192,215],{"class":60},[20,30194,30195],{},[3924,30196,30197],{},"Possible output:",[37,30199,30201],{"className":39,"code":30200,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30202,30203,30212,30221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30204,30205,30207,30209],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30206,30116],{"class":52},[46,30208,198],{"class":60},[46,30210,30211],{"class":52}," read book\n",[46,30213,30214,30216,30218],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,30215,30096],{"class":52},[46,30217,198],{"class":60},[46,30219,30220],{"class":52}," do homework\n",[46,30222,30223,30225,30227],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,30224,30076],{"class":52},[46,30226,198],{"class":60},[46,30228,30229],{"class":52}," wash dishes\n",[20,30231,29228,30232,30234],{},[15,30233,12938],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[32,30236,1834],{"id":1833},[20,30238,14900,30239,198],{},[15,30240,12938],{},[172,30242,30243,30257,30276,30287],{},[175,30244,30245,30250],{},[3924,30246,29817,30247,30249],{},[15,30248,12938],{}," on an empty dictionary",[172,30251,30252],{},[175,30253,30254,30255,507],{},"This raises ",[15,30256,19855],{},[175,30258,30259,30264],{},[3924,30260,1853,30261,30263],{},[15,30262,12938],{}," to remove a specific key",[172,30265,30266,30269],{},[175,30267,30268],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[175,30270,160,30271,30275],{},[501,30272,30273],{"href":12734},[15,30274,12931],{}," if you need that.",[175,30277,30278,30282],{},[3924,30279,1859,30280,27867],{},[15,30281,12938],{},[172,30283,30284],{},[175,30285,30286],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[175,30288,30289,30292],{},[3924,30290,30291],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[172,30293,30294],{},[175,30295,30296,22142,30298,30300],{},[15,30297,12938],{},[15,30299,21822],{}," tuple.",[20,30302,30303],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[37,30305,30307],{"className":39,"code":30306,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30308,30309,30319,30333,30337,30351],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30310,30311,30313,30315,30317],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30312,91],{"class":90},[46,30314,94],{"class":60},[46,30316,11618],{"class":102},[46,30318,215],{"class":60},[46,30320,30321,30323,30325,30327,30329,30331],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,30322,91],{"class":90},[46,30324,94],{"class":60},[46,30326,476],{"class":90},[46,30328,94],{"class":60},[46,30330,11618],{"class":102},[46,30332,106],{"class":60},[46,30334,30335],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,30336,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,30338,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,30340,28706],{"class":52},[46,30342,57],{"class":56},[46,30344,11935],{"class":52},[46,30346,507],{"class":60},[46,30348,28715],{"class":102},[46,30350,8814],{"class":60},[46,30352,30353,30355,30357,30359],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,30354,91],{"class":90},[46,30356,94],{"class":60},[46,30358,23478],{"class":102},[46,30360,215],{"class":60},[20,30362,30363],{},"Or with unpacking:",[37,30365,30367],{"className":39,"code":30366,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30368,30369,30387,30397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30370,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30383,30385],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30372,408],{"class":52},[46,30374,68],{"class":60},[46,30376,21751],{"class":52},[46,30378,57],{"class":56},[46,30380,11935],{"class":52},[46,30382,507],{"class":60},[46,30384,28715],{"class":102},[46,30386,8814],{"class":60},[46,30388,30389,30391,30393,30395],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,30390,91],{"class":90},[46,30392,94],{"class":60},[46,30394,408],{"class":102},[46,30396,215],{"class":60},[46,30398,30399,30401,30403,30405],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,30400,91],{"class":90},[46,30402,94],{"class":60},[46,30404,2659],{"class":102},[46,30406,215],{"class":60},[32,30408,1991],{"id":1990},[283,30410,1995,30412,1998],{"id":30411},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30413,12938],{},[20,30415,30416,30417,507],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30418,30419],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[283,30421,12872,30423,30425],{"id":30422},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30424,12938],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30427,30428],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[283,30430,30432,30433,30435],{"id":30431},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30434,12938],{}," removes?",[20,30437,30438,30439,30443],{},"No. Use ",[501,30440,30441],{"href":12734},[15,30442,12931],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[283,30445,12872,30447,15062],{"id":30446},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30448,12938],{},[20,30450,30451],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[283,30453,30455,30456,30458],{"id":30454},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30457,12938],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30460,30461,30462,30464,30465,507],{},"It raises ",[15,30463,19855],{}," with the message ",[15,30466,29864],{},[32,30468,2065],{"id":2064},[172,30470,30471,30478,30484,30490,30496,30503,30507,30511],{},[175,30472,30473],{},[501,30474,30475,30477],{"href":12734},[15,30476,12931],{}," method for dictionaries",[175,30479,30480],{},[501,30481,30482,30477],{"href":17241},[15,30483,17244],{},[175,30485,30486],{},[501,30487,30488,30477],{"href":17228},[15,30489,17231],{},[175,30491,30492],{},[501,30493,30494,30477],{"href":17234},[15,30495,17237],{},[175,30497,30498],{},[501,30499,30501,30477],{"href":30500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30502,11489],{},[175,30504,30505],{},[501,30506,12955],{"href":12741},[175,30508,30509],{},[501,30510,21625],{"href":16762},[175,30512,30513],{},[501,30514,30515,30516],{"href":30028},"Fix ",[15,30517,30031],{},[2103,30519,30520],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":30522},[30523,30524,30526,30527,30528,30529,30530,30531,30536,30541,30543,30544,30556],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":28802,"depth":87,"text":30525},"What popitem() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":28872,"depth":87,"text":28873},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":29224,"depth":87,"text":29225},{"id":29416,"depth":87,"text":29417},{"id":29544,"depth":87,"text":30532,"children":30533},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30534,30535],{"id":28715,"depth":109,"text":12938},{"id":26409,"depth":109,"text":12931},{"id":29813,"depth":87,"text":29814,"children":30537},[30538,30539],{"id":29870,"depth":109,"text":29871},{"id":29945,"depth":109,"text":30540},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30034,"depth":87,"text":30542},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":30545},[30546,30548,30550,30552,30554],{"id":30411,"depth":109,"text":30547},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30422,"depth":109,"text":30549},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30431,"depth":109,"text":30551},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30446,"depth":109,"text":30553},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30454,"depth":109,"text":30555},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28541,"description":30557},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30564,"title":30565,"body":30566,"description":32468,"extension":2150,"meta":32469,"navigation":112,"path":14200,"seo":32470,"stem":32471,"__hash__":32472},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30567,"toc":32440},[30568,30573,30578,30581,30583,30680,30685,30690,30695,30698,30706,30709,30724,30726,30826,30828,30885,30889,30891,30894,30914,30919,30930,30933,30960,30963,30965,31022,31024,31045,31051,31056,31059,31070,31072,31179,31181,31234,31236,31248,31255,31261,31266,31269,31357,31359,31404,31407,31415,31418,31421,31490,31493,31496,31500,31503,31574,31576,31629,31632,31635,31638,31653,31656,31668,31671,31734,31736,31742,31744,31746,31825,31827,31868,31870,31935,31937,31974,31979,31984,31988,32002,32005,32128,32130,32215,32220,32222,32226,32248,32251,32331,32334,32353,32358,32360,32366,32371,32377,32380,32386,32389,32395,32400,32406,32412,32414,32437],[10,30569,11486,30571,11490],{"id":30570},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30572,15120],{},[20,30574,882,30575,30577],{},[15,30576,15120],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30579,30580],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[32,30582,35],{"id":34},[37,30584,30586],{"className":39,"code":30585,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30587,30588,30624,30665,30675],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30589,30590,30592,30594,30596,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30591,13372],{"class":52},[46,30593,57],{"class":56},[46,30595,10660],{"class":60},[46,30597,427],{"class":426},[46,30599,1009],{"class":430},[46,30601,427],{"class":426},[46,30603,198],{"class":60},[46,30605,438],{"class":426},[46,30607,1018],{"class":430},[46,30609,427],{"class":426},[46,30611,68],{"class":60},[46,30613,438],{"class":426},[46,30615,9468],{"class":430},[46,30617,427],{"class":426},[46,30619,198],{"class":60},[46,30621,7962],{"class":64},[46,30623,1105],{"class":60},[46,30625,30626,30628,30630,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,30627,17473],{"class":52},[46,30629,507],{"class":60},[46,30631,30632],{"class":102},"update",[46,30634,5701],{"class":60},[46,30636,427],{"class":426},[46,30638,9468],{"class":430},[46,30640,427],{"class":426},[46,30642,198],{"class":60},[46,30644,30645],{"class":64}," 21",[46,30647,68],{"class":60},[46,30649,438],{"class":426},[46,30651,10578],{"class":430},[46,30653,427],{"class":426},[46,30655,198],{"class":60},[46,30657,438],{"class":426},[46,30659,16197],{"class":430},[46,30661,427],{"class":426},[46,30663,30664],{"class":60},"})\n",[46,30666,30667,30669,30671,30673],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,30668,91],{"class":90},[46,30670,94],{"class":60},[46,30672,17473],{"class":102},[46,30674,215],{"class":60},[46,30676,30677],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,30678,30679],{"class":3845},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30681,160,30682,30684],{},[15,30683,15120],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[32,30686,167,30688,170],{"id":30687},"what-update-does",[15,30689,15120],{},[20,30691,30692,30694],{},[15,30693,15120],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30696,30697],{},"It can do two main things:",[172,30699,30700,30703],{},[175,30701,30702],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[175,30704,30705],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30707,30708],{},"Important things to know:",[172,30710,30711,30714,30717,30721],{},[175,30712,30713],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[175,30715,30716],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[175,30718,5320,30719],{},[15,30720,1326],{},[175,30722,30723],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30725,2393],{},[37,30727,30729],{"className":39,"code":30728,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30730,30731,30773,30816],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30732,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30769,30771],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30734,13032],{"class":52},[46,30736,57],{"class":56},[46,30738,10660],{"class":60},[46,30740,427],{"class":426},[46,30742,1009],{"class":430},[46,30744,427],{"class":426},[46,30746,198],{"class":60},[46,30748,438],{"class":426},[46,30750,30751],{"class":430},"Mira",[46,30753,427],{"class":426},[46,30755,68],{"class":60},[46,30757,438],{"class":426},[46,30759,20059],{"class":430},[46,30761,427],{"class":426},[46,30763,198],{"class":60},[46,30765,438],{"class":426},[46,30767,30768],{"class":430},"B",[46,30770,427],{"class":426},[46,30772,1105],{"class":60},[46,30774,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30812,30814],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,30776,13793],{"class":52},[46,30778,507],{"class":60},[46,30780,30632],{"class":102},[46,30782,5701],{"class":60},[46,30784,427],{"class":426},[46,30786,20059],{"class":430},[46,30788,427],{"class":426},[46,30790,198],{"class":60},[46,30792,438],{"class":426},[46,30794,22412],{"class":430},[46,30796,427],{"class":426},[46,30798,68],{"class":60},[46,30800,438],{"class":426},[46,30802,10578],{"class":430},[46,30804,427],{"class":426},[46,30806,198],{"class":60},[46,30808,438],{"class":426},[46,30810,30811],{"class":430},"Quito",[46,30813,427],{"class":426},[46,30815,30664],{"class":60},[46,30817,30818,30820,30822,30824],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,30819,91],{"class":90},[46,30821,94],{"class":60},[46,30823,13793],{"class":102},[46,30825,215],{"class":60},[20,30827,143],{},[37,30829,30831],{"className":39,"code":30830,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30832,30833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30834,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30836,1185],{"class":60},[46,30838,1188],{"class":426},[46,30840,1009],{"class":430},[46,30842,1188],{"class":426},[46,30844,198],{"class":60},[46,30846,1197],{"class":426},[46,30848,30751],{"class":430},[46,30850,1188],{"class":426},[46,30852,68],{"class":60},[46,30854,1197],{"class":426},[46,30856,20059],{"class":430},[46,30858,1188],{"class":426},[46,30860,198],{"class":60},[46,30862,1197],{"class":426},[46,30864,22412],{"class":430},[46,30866,1188],{"class":426},[46,30868,68],{"class":60},[46,30870,1197],{"class":426},[46,30872,10578],{"class":430},[46,30874,1188],{"class":426},[46,30876,198],{"class":60},[46,30878,1197],{"class":426},[46,30880,30811],{"class":430},[46,30882,1188],{"class":426},[46,30884,1105],{"class":60},[20,30886,9324,30887,507],{},[501,30888,24796],{"href":9559},[32,30890,2343],{"id":2342},[20,30892,30893],{},"The basic form is:",[37,30895,30897],{"className":39,"code":30896,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30898,30899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30900,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30912],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30902,15771],{"class":52},[46,30904,507],{"class":60},[46,30906,30632],{"class":102},[46,30908,94],{"class":60},[46,30910,30911],{"class":102},"other",[46,30913,215],{"class":60},[20,30915,30916,30918],{},[15,30917,30911],{}," can be:",[172,30920,30921,30924,30927],{},[175,30922,30923],{},"Another dictionary",[175,30925,30926],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[175,30928,30929],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30931,30932],{},"You can also use:",[37,30934,30936],{"className":39,"code":30935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30937,30938],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30939,30940,30942,30944,30946,30948,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30941,15771],{"class":52},[46,30943,507],{"class":60},[46,30945,30632],{"class":102},[46,30947,94],{"class":60},[46,30949,1009],{"class":254},[46,30951,57],{"class":56},[46,30953,427],{"class":426},[46,30955,7849],{"class":430},[46,30957,427],{"class":426},[46,30959,215],{"class":60},[20,30961,30962],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30964,2393],{},[37,30966,30968],{"className":39,"code":30967,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30969,30970,30990,31012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,30971,30972,30974,30976,30978,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,30973,1487],{"class":52},[46,30975,57],{"class":56},[46,30977,10660],{"class":60},[46,30979,427],{"class":426},[46,30981,501],{"class":430},[46,30983,427],{"class":426},[46,30985,198],{"class":60},[46,30987,81],{"class":64},[46,30989,1105],{"class":60},[46,30991,30992,30994,30996,30998,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,30993,1523],{"class":52},[46,30995,507],{"class":60},[46,30997,30632],{"class":102},[46,30999,5701],{"class":60},[46,31001,427],{"class":426},[46,31003,501],{"class":430},[46,31005,427],{"class":426},[46,31007,198],{"class":60},[46,31009,6176],{"class":64},[46,31011,30664],{"class":60},[46,31013,31014,31016,31018,31020],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31015,91],{"class":90},[46,31017,94],{"class":60},[46,31019,1523],{"class":102},[46,31021,215],{"class":60},[20,31023,143],{},[37,31025,31027],{"className":39,"code":31026,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,31028,31029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31030,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31032,1185],{"class":60},[46,31034,1188],{"class":426},[46,31036,501],{"class":430},[46,31038,1188],{"class":426},[46,31040,198],{"class":60},[46,31042,6176],{"class":64},[46,31044,1105],{"class":60},[32,31046,578,31048,31050],{"id":31047},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31049,15120],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31052,31053,31054,507],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31055,15120],{},[20,31057,31058],{},"It is useful when:",[172,31060,31061,31064,31067],{},[175,31062,31063],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[175,31065,31066],{},"Adding extra settings",[175,31068,31069],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31071,2393],{},[37,31073,31075],{"className":39,"code":31074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31076,31077,31113,31150,31154,31169],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31078,31079,31081,31083,31085,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31080,13993],{"class":52},[46,31082,57],{"class":56},[46,31084,10660],{"class":60},[46,31086,427],{"class":426},[46,31088,12662],{"class":430},[46,31090,427],{"class":426},[46,31092,198],{"class":60},[46,31094,438],{"class":426},[46,31096,21095],{"class":430},[46,31098,427],{"class":426},[46,31100,68],{"class":60},[46,31102,438],{"class":426},[46,31104,14018],{"class":430},[46,31106,427],{"class":426},[46,31108,198],{"class":60},[46,31110,317],{"class":64},[46,31112,1105],{"class":60},[46,31114,31115,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31116,31117],{"class":52},"new_settings ",[46,31119,57],{"class":56},[46,31121,10660],{"class":60},[46,31123,427],{"class":426},[46,31125,14018],{"class":430},[46,31127,427],{"class":426},[46,31129,198],{"class":60},[46,31131,14025],{"class":64},[46,31133,68],{"class":60},[46,31135,438],{"class":426},[46,31137,20290],{"class":430},[46,31139,427],{"class":426},[46,31141,198],{"class":60},[46,31143,438],{"class":426},[46,31145,20324],{"class":430},[46,31147,427],{"class":426},[46,31149,1105],{"class":60},[46,31151,31152],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31153,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,31155,31156,31158,31160,31162,31164,31167],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,31157,14052],{"class":52},[46,31159,507],{"class":60},[46,31161,30632],{"class":102},[46,31163,94],{"class":60},[46,31165,31166],{"class":102},"new_settings",[46,31168,215],{"class":60},[46,31170,31171,31173,31175,31177],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,31172,91],{"class":90},[46,31174,94],{"class":60},[46,31176,14052],{"class":102},[46,31178,215],{"class":60},[20,31180,143],{},[37,31182,31184],{"className":39,"code":31183,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31185,31186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31187,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31189,1185],{"class":60},[46,31191,1188],{"class":426},[46,31193,12662],{"class":430},[46,31195,1188],{"class":426},[46,31197,198],{"class":60},[46,31199,1197],{"class":426},[46,31201,21095],{"class":430},[46,31203,1188],{"class":426},[46,31205,68],{"class":60},[46,31207,1197],{"class":426},[46,31209,14018],{"class":430},[46,31211,1188],{"class":426},[46,31213,198],{"class":60},[46,31215,14025],{"class":64},[46,31217,68],{"class":60},[46,31219,1197],{"class":426},[46,31221,20290],{"class":430},[46,31223,1188],{"class":426},[46,31225,198],{"class":60},[46,31227,1197],{"class":426},[46,31229,20324],{"class":430},[46,31231,1188],{"class":426},[46,31233,1105],{"class":60},[20,31235,13577],{},[172,31237,31238,31243],{},[175,31239,31240,31242],{},[15,31241,14018],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[175,31244,31245,31247],{},[15,31246,20290],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31249,31250,31251,507],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[501,31252,31254],{"href":31253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[32,31256,578,31258,31260],{"id":31257},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31259,15120],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31262,31263,31265],{},[15,31264,15120],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31267,31268],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[37,31270,31272],{"className":39,"code":31271,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31273,31274,31294,31329,31333,31347],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31275,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31277,596],{"class":52},[46,31279,57],{"class":56},[46,31281,10660],{"class":60},[46,31283,427],{"class":426},[46,31285,18584],{"class":430},[46,31287,427],{"class":426},[46,31289,198],{"class":60},[46,31291,1102],{"class":64},[46,31293,1105],{"class":60},[46,31295,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31321,31323,31325,31327],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31297,9385],{"class":52},[46,31299,57],{"class":56},[46,31301,9390],{"class":60},[46,31303,427],{"class":426},[46,31305,18593],{"class":430},[46,31307,427],{"class":426},[46,31309,68],{"class":60},[46,31311,1034],{"class":64},[46,31313,9403],{"class":60},[46,31315,9406],{"class":60},[46,31317,427],{"class":426},[46,31319,31320],{"class":430},"english",[46,31322,427],{"class":426},[46,31324,68],{"class":60},[46,31326,29087],{"class":64},[46,31328,9419],{"class":60},[46,31330,31331],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31332,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,31334,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,31336,633],{"class":52},[46,31338,507],{"class":60},[46,31340,30632],{"class":102},[46,31342,94],{"class":60},[46,31344,9432],{"class":102},[46,31346,215],{"class":60},[46,31348,31349,31351,31353,31355],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,31350,91],{"class":90},[46,31352,94],{"class":60},[46,31354,633],{"class":102},[46,31356,215],{"class":60},[20,31358,143],{},[37,31360,31362],{"className":39,"code":31361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31363,31364],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31365,31366,31368,31370,31372,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31367,1185],{"class":60},[46,31369,1188],{"class":426},[46,31371,18584],{"class":430},[46,31373,1188],{"class":426},[46,31375,198],{"class":60},[46,31377,1102],{"class":64},[46,31379,68],{"class":60},[46,31381,1197],{"class":426},[46,31383,18593],{"class":430},[46,31385,1188],{"class":426},[46,31387,198],{"class":60},[46,31389,1034],{"class":64},[46,31391,68],{"class":60},[46,31393,1197],{"class":426},[46,31395,31320],{"class":430},[46,31397,1188],{"class":426},[46,31399,198],{"class":60},[46,31401,29087],{"class":64},[46,31403,1105],{"class":60},[20,31405,31406],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[172,31408,31409,31412],{},[175,31410,31411],{},"The key",[175,31413,31414],{},"The value",[20,31416,31417],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31419,31420],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[37,31422,31424],{"className":39,"code":31423,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31425,31426,31446,31471,31475],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31427,31428,31430,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31429,1487],{"class":52},[46,31431,57],{"class":56},[46,31433,10660],{"class":60},[46,31435,427],{"class":426},[46,31437,501],{"class":430},[46,31439,427],{"class":426},[46,31441,198],{"class":60},[46,31443,81],{"class":64},[46,31445,1105],{"class":60},[46,31447,31448,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31449,31450],{"class":52},"bad_pairs ",[46,31452,57],{"class":56},[46,31454,9390],{"class":60},[46,31456,427],{"class":426},[46,31458,4935],{"class":430},[46,31460,427],{"class":426},[46,31462,68],{"class":60},[46,31464,71],{"class":64},[46,31466,68],{"class":60},[46,31468,312],{"class":64},[46,31470,9419],{"class":60},[46,31472,31473],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31474,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,31476,31477,31479,31481,31483,31485,31488],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,31478,1523],{"class":52},[46,31480,507],{"class":60},[46,31482,30632],{"class":102},[46,31484,94],{"class":60},[46,31486,31487],{"class":102},"bad_pairs",[46,31489,215],{"class":60},[20,31491,31492],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31494,31495],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[32,31497,31499],{"id":31498},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31501,31502],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[37,31504,31506],{"className":39,"code":31505,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31507,31508,31532,31564],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31509,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31511,11656],{"class":52},[46,31513,57],{"class":56},[46,31515,10660],{"class":60},[46,31517,427],{"class":426},[46,31519,1009],{"class":430},[46,31521,427],{"class":426},[46,31523,198],{"class":60},[46,31525,438],{"class":426},[46,31527,29080],{"class":430},[46,31529,427],{"class":426},[46,31531,1105],{"class":60},[46,31533,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548,31550,31553,31555,31557,31560,31562],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31535,11750],{"class":52},[46,31537,507],{"class":60},[46,31539,30632],{"class":102},[46,31541,94],{"class":60},[46,31543,9468],{"class":254},[46,31545,57],{"class":56},[46,31547,9364],{"class":64},[46,31549,68],{"class":60},[46,31551,31552],{"class":254}," city",[46,31554,57],{"class":56},[46,31556,427],{"class":426},[46,31558,31559],{"class":430},"Madrid",[46,31561,427],{"class":426},[46,31563,215],{"class":60},[46,31565,31566,31568,31570,31572],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31567,91],{"class":90},[46,31569,94],{"class":60},[46,31571,11750],{"class":102},[46,31573,215],{"class":60},[20,31575,143],{},[37,31577,31579],{"className":39,"code":31578,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31580,31581],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31582,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611,31613,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31584,1185],{"class":60},[46,31586,1188],{"class":426},[46,31588,1009],{"class":430},[46,31590,1188],{"class":426},[46,31592,198],{"class":60},[46,31594,1197],{"class":426},[46,31596,29080],{"class":430},[46,31598,1188],{"class":426},[46,31600,68],{"class":60},[46,31602,1197],{"class":426},[46,31604,9468],{"class":430},[46,31606,1188],{"class":426},[46,31608,198],{"class":60},[46,31610,9475],{"class":64},[46,31612,68],{"class":60},[46,31614,1197],{"class":426},[46,31616,10578],{"class":430},[46,31618,1188],{"class":426},[46,31620,198],{"class":60},[46,31622,1197],{"class":426},[46,31624,31559],{"class":430},[46,31626,1188],{"class":426},[46,31628,1105],{"class":60},[20,31630,31631],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31633,31634],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31636,31637],{},"These work:",[172,31639,31640,31644,31648],{},[175,31641,31642],{},[15,31643,9468],{},[175,31645,31646],{},[15,31647,10578],{},[175,31649,31650],{},[15,31651,31652],{},"first_name",[20,31654,31655],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[172,31657,31658,31663],{},[175,31659,31660],{},[15,31661,31662],{},"\"first name\"",[175,31664,31665],{},[15,31666,31667],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31669,31670],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[37,31672,31674],{"className":39,"code":31673,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31675,31676,31684,31724],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31677,31678,31680,31682],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31679,11656],{"class":52},[46,31681,57],{"class":56},[46,31683,10007],{"class":60},[46,31685,31686,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31715,31717,31719,31722],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31687,11750],{"class":52},[46,31689,507],{"class":60},[46,31691,30632],{"class":102},[46,31693,5701],{"class":60},[46,31695,427],{"class":426},[46,31697,10682],{"class":430},[46,31699,427],{"class":426},[46,31701,198],{"class":60},[46,31703,438],{"class":426},[46,31705,29080],{"class":430},[46,31707,427],{"class":426},[46,31709,68],{"class":60},[46,31711,438],{"class":426},[46,31713,31714],{"class":430},"user-id",[46,31716,427],{"class":426},[46,31718,198],{"class":60},[46,31720,31721],{"class":64}," 1001",[46,31723,30664],{"class":60},[46,31725,31726,31728,31730,31732],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31727,91],{"class":90},[46,31729,94],{"class":60},[46,31731,11750],{"class":102},[46,31733,215],{"class":60},[32,31735,17585],{"id":17584},[20,31737,31738,2583,31740,507],{},[15,31739,15120],{},[15,31741,1326],{},[20,31743,14216],{},[20,31745,24876],{},[37,31747,31749],{"className":39,"code":31748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31750,31751,31775,31801,31805,31815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31752,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31754,13372],{"class":52},[46,31756,57],{"class":56},[46,31758,10660],{"class":60},[46,31760,427],{"class":426},[46,31762,1009],{"class":430},[46,31764,427],{"class":426},[46,31766,198],{"class":60},[46,31768,438],{"class":426},[46,31770,1018],{"class":430},[46,31772,427],{"class":426},[46,31774,1105],{"class":60},[46,31776,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31778,2416],{"class":52},[46,31780,57],{"class":56},[46,31782,13415],{"class":52},[46,31784,507],{"class":60},[46,31786,30632],{"class":102},[46,31788,5701],{"class":60},[46,31790,427],{"class":426},[46,31792,9468],{"class":430},[46,31794,427],{"class":426},[46,31796,198],{"class":60},[46,31798,7962],{"class":64},[46,31800,30664],{"class":60},[46,31802,31803],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31804,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,31806,31807,31809,31811,31813],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,31808,91],{"class":90},[46,31810,94],{"class":60},[46,31812,2451],{"class":102},[46,31814,215],{"class":60},[46,31816,31817,31819,31821,31823],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,31818,91],{"class":90},[46,31820,94],{"class":60},[46,31822,17473],{"class":102},[46,31824,215],{"class":60},[20,31826,143],{},[37,31828,31830],{"className":39,"code":31829,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31831,31832,31836],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31833,31834],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31835,1333],{"class":1325},[46,31837,31838,31840,31842,31844,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31839,1185],{"class":60},[46,31841,1188],{"class":426},[46,31843,1009],{"class":430},[46,31845,1188],{"class":426},[46,31847,198],{"class":60},[46,31849,1197],{"class":426},[46,31851,1018],{"class":430},[46,31853,1188],{"class":426},[46,31855,68],{"class":60},[46,31857,1197],{"class":426},[46,31859,9468],{"class":430},[46,31861,1188],{"class":426},[46,31863,198],{"class":60},[46,31865,7962],{"class":64},[46,31867,1105],{"class":60},[20,31869,16821],{},[37,31871,31873],{"className":39,"code":31872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31874,31875,31899,31921,31925],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31876,31877,31879,31881,31883,31885,31887,31889,31891,31893,31895,31897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31878,13372],{"class":52},[46,31880,57],{"class":56},[46,31882,10660],{"class":60},[46,31884,427],{"class":426},[46,31886,1009],{"class":430},[46,31888,427],{"class":426},[46,31890,198],{"class":60},[46,31892,438],{"class":426},[46,31894,1018],{"class":430},[46,31896,427],{"class":426},[46,31898,1105],{"class":60},[46,31900,31901,31903,31905,31907,31909,31911,31913,31915,31917,31919],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,31902,17473],{"class":52},[46,31904,507],{"class":60},[46,31906,30632],{"class":102},[46,31908,5701],{"class":60},[46,31910,427],{"class":426},[46,31912,9468],{"class":430},[46,31914,427],{"class":426},[46,31916,198],{"class":60},[46,31918,7962],{"class":64},[46,31920,30664],{"class":60},[46,31922,31923],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,31924,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,31926,31927,31929,31931,31933],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,31928,91],{"class":90},[46,31930,94],{"class":60},[46,31932,17473],{"class":102},[46,31934,215],{"class":60},[20,31936,143],{},[37,31938,31940],{"className":39,"code":31939,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31941,31942],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,31943,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,31945,1185],{"class":60},[46,31947,1188],{"class":426},[46,31949,1009],{"class":430},[46,31951,1188],{"class":426},[46,31953,198],{"class":60},[46,31955,1197],{"class":426},[46,31957,1018],{"class":430},[46,31959,1188],{"class":426},[46,31961,68],{"class":60},[46,31963,1197],{"class":426},[46,31965,9468],{"class":430},[46,31967,1188],{"class":426},[46,31969,198],{"class":60},[46,31971,7962],{"class":64},[46,31973,1105],{"class":60},[20,31975,31976,31977,507],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[501,31978,18071],{"href":10900},[32,31980,1794,31982],{"id":31981},"when-to-use-update",[15,31983,15120],{},[20,31985,160,31986,1801],{},[15,31987,15120],{},[172,31989,31990,31993,31996,31999],{},[175,31991,31992],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[175,31994,31995],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[175,31997,31998],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[175,32000,32001],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,32003,32004],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[37,32006,32008],{"className":39,"code":32007,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,32009,32010,32046,32061,32065,32104,32108,32118],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32011,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32013,12254],{"class":52},[46,32015,57],{"class":56},[46,32017,10660],{"class":60},[46,32019,427],{"class":426},[46,32021,1009],{"class":430},[46,32023,427],{"class":426},[46,32025,198],{"class":60},[46,32027,438],{"class":426},[46,32029,1018],{"class":430},[46,32031,427],{"class":426},[46,32033,68],{"class":60},[46,32035,438],{"class":426},[46,32037,9468],{"class":430},[46,32039,427],{"class":426},[46,32041,198],{"class":60},[46,32043,7962],{"class":64},[46,32045,1105],{"class":60},[46,32047,32048,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32049,32050],{"class":52},"updated ",[46,32052,57],{"class":56},[46,32054,12329],{"class":52},[46,32056,507],{"class":60},[46,32058,13078],{"class":102},[46,32060,8814],{"class":60},[46,32062,32063],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,32064,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,32066,32067,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,32068,32069],{"class":52},"updated",[46,32071,507],{"class":60},[46,32073,30632],{"class":102},[46,32075,5701],{"class":60},[46,32077,427],{"class":426},[46,32079,9468],{"class":430},[46,32081,427],{"class":426},[46,32083,198],{"class":60},[46,32085,30645],{"class":64},[46,32087,68],{"class":60},[46,32089,438],{"class":426},[46,32091,10578],{"class":430},[46,32093,427],{"class":426},[46,32095,198],{"class":60},[46,32097,438],{"class":426},[46,32099,16197],{"class":430},[46,32101,427],{"class":426},[46,32103,30664],{"class":60},[46,32105,32106],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,32107,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,32109,32110,32112,32114,32116],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,32111,91],{"class":90},[46,32113,94],{"class":60},[46,32115,12301],{"class":102},[46,32117,215],{"class":60},[46,32119,32120,32122,32124,32126],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,32121,91],{"class":90},[46,32123,94],{"class":60},[46,32125,32069],{"class":102},[46,32127,215],{"class":60},[20,32129,143],{},[37,32131,32133],{"className":39,"code":32132,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32134,32135,32167],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32136,32137,32139,32141,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32138,1185],{"class":60},[46,32140,1188],{"class":426},[46,32142,1009],{"class":430},[46,32144,1188],{"class":426},[46,32146,198],{"class":60},[46,32148,1197],{"class":426},[46,32150,1018],{"class":430},[46,32152,1188],{"class":426},[46,32154,68],{"class":60},[46,32156,1197],{"class":426},[46,32158,9468],{"class":430},[46,32160,1188],{"class":426},[46,32162,198],{"class":60},[46,32164,7962],{"class":64},[46,32166,1105],{"class":60},[46,32168,32169,32171,32173,32175,32177,32179,32181,32183,32185,32187,32189,32191,32193,32195,32197,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32170,1185],{"class":60},[46,32172,1188],{"class":426},[46,32174,1009],{"class":430},[46,32176,1188],{"class":426},[46,32178,198],{"class":60},[46,32180,1197],{"class":426},[46,32182,1018],{"class":430},[46,32184,1188],{"class":426},[46,32186,68],{"class":60},[46,32188,1197],{"class":426},[46,32190,9468],{"class":430},[46,32192,1188],{"class":426},[46,32194,198],{"class":60},[46,32196,30645],{"class":64},[46,32198,68],{"class":60},[46,32200,1197],{"class":426},[46,32202,10578],{"class":430},[46,32204,1188],{"class":426},[46,32206,198],{"class":60},[46,32208,1197],{"class":426},[46,32210,16197],{"class":430},[46,32212,1188],{"class":426},[46,32214,1105],{"class":60},[20,32216,32217,32218,507],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[501,32219,16763],{"href":16762},[32,32221,1834],{"id":1833},[20,32223,10915,32224,198],{},[15,32225,15120],{},[172,32227,32228,32235,32239,32242,32245],{},[175,32229,12762,32230,32232,32233],{},[15,32231,15120],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32234,1326],{},[175,32236,1853,32237,12770],{},[15,32238,15120],{},[175,32240,32241],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[175,32243,32244],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[175,32246,32247],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32249,32250],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[37,32252,32254],{"className":39,"code":32253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32255,32256,32266,32280,32294,32316],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32257,32258,32260,32262,32264],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32259,91],{"class":90},[46,32261,94],{"class":60},[46,32263,11618],{"class":102},[46,32265,215],{"class":60},[46,32267,32268,32270,32272,32274,32276,32278],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32269,91],{"class":90},[46,32271,94],{"class":60},[46,32273,1889],{"class":1270},[46,32275,94],{"class":60},[46,32277,1523],{"class":102},[46,32279,106],{"class":60},[46,32281,32282,32284,32286,32288,32290,32292],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,32283,91],{"class":90},[46,32285,94],{"class":60},[46,32287,8265],{"class":1270},[46,32289,94],{"class":60},[46,32291,1523],{"class":102},[46,32293,106],{"class":60},[46,32295,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,32297,91],{"class":90},[46,32299,94],{"class":60},[46,32301,11618],{"class":102},[46,32303,507],{"class":60},[46,32305,19918],{"class":102},[46,32307,94],{"class":60},[46,32309,1188],{"class":426},[46,32311,408],{"class":430},[46,32313,1188],{"class":426},[46,32315,106],{"class":60},[46,32317,32318,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,32319,32320],{"class":90},"help",[46,32322,94],{"class":60},[46,32324,8993],{"class":1270},[46,32326,507],{"class":60},[46,32328,30632],{"class":1774},[46,32330,215],{"class":60},[20,32332,32333],{},"These can help you check:",[172,32335,32336,32339,32344,32347,32350],{},[175,32337,32338],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[175,32340,32341,32342],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32343,15120],{},[175,32345,32346],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[175,32348,32349],{},"Whether a key exists",[175,32351,32352],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32354,32355,32356,507],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[501,32357,11430],{"href":11242},[32,32359,1991],{"id":1990},[283,32361,12872,32363,32365],{"id":32362},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32364,15120],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32367,32368,32369,507],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32370,1326],{},[283,32372,12872,32374,32376],{"id":32373},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32375,15120],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32378,32379],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[283,32381,2005,32383,32385],{"id":32382},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32384,15120],{}," add new keys?",[20,32387,32388],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[283,32390,28496,32392,32394],{"id":32391},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32393,15120],{}," with a list?",[20,32396,32397,32398,507],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32399,11263],{},[283,32401,2048,32403,32405],{"id":32402},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32404,15120],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32407,32408,32409,32411],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32410,15120],{}," can change many keys at once.",[32,32413,2065],{"id":2064},[172,32415,32416,32420,32424,32429,32433],{},[175,32417,32418],{},[501,32419,26263],{"href":9559},[175,32421,32422],{},[501,32423,11419],{"href":10900},[175,32425,32426],{},[501,32427,32428],{"href":31253},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[175,32430,32431],{},[501,32432,21625],{"href":16762},[175,32434,32435],{},[501,32436,11430],{"href":11242},[2103,32438,32439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":32441},[32442,32443,32445,32446,32448,32450,32451,32452,32454,32455,32467],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":30687,"depth":87,"text":32444},"What update() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":31047,"depth":87,"text":32447},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31257,"depth":87,"text":32449},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31498,"depth":87,"text":31499},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":31981,"depth":87,"text":32453},"When to use update()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":32456},[32457,32459,32461,32463,32465],{"id":32362,"depth":109,"text":32458},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32373,"depth":109,"text":32460},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32382,"depth":109,"text":32462},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32391,"depth":109,"text":32464},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32402,"depth":109,"text":32466},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30565,"description":32468},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32474,"title":32475,"body":32476,"description":34465,"extension":2150,"meta":34466,"navigation":112,"path":23062,"seo":34467,"stem":34468,"__hash__":34469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32477,"toc":34428},[32478,32483,32490,32493,32495,32594,32596,32651,32656,32661,32675,32680,32682,32697,32699,32713,32726,32731,32737,32744,32746,32853,32855,32904,32910,32985,32987,33008,33010,33013,33118,33120,33175,33177,33205,33209,33214,33293,33295,33315,33317,33328,33338,33342,33347,33451,33453,33478,33481,33492,33497,33506,33509,33526,33528,33615,33617,33680,33682,33705,33707,33712,33718,33723,33725,33764,33770,33773,33792,33803,33809,33812,33885,33887,33906,33911,33914,33937,33943,33946,34010,34013,34090,34097,34100,34159,34165,34167,34186,34190,34193,34244,34247,34267,34269,34330,34332,34337,34342,34347,34352,34357,34362,34368,34371,34380,34388,34390,34425],[10,32479,11486,32481,11490],{"id":32480},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32482,17237],{},[20,32484,32485,32486,32489],{},"The Python ",[15,32487,32488],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32491,32492],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[32,32494,35],{"id":34},[37,32496,32498],{"className":39,"code":32497,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32499,32500,32552,32566,32570,32580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32501,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544,32546,32548,32550],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32503,13032],{"class":52},[46,32505,57],{"class":56},[46,32507,10660],{"class":60},[46,32509,427],{"class":426},[46,32511,1009],{"class":430},[46,32513,427],{"class":426},[46,32515,198],{"class":60},[46,32517,438],{"class":426},[46,32519,1018],{"class":430},[46,32521,427],{"class":426},[46,32523,68],{"class":60},[46,32525,438],{"class":426},[46,32527,9468],{"class":430},[46,32529,427],{"class":426},[46,32531,198],{"class":60},[46,32533,7962],{"class":64},[46,32535,68],{"class":60},[46,32537,438],{"class":426},[46,32539,10578],{"class":430},[46,32541,427],{"class":426},[46,32543,198],{"class":60},[46,32545,438],{"class":426},[46,32547,16197],{"class":430},[46,32549,427],{"class":426},[46,32551,1105],{"class":60},[46,32553,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562,32564],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32555,4004],{"class":52},[46,32557,57],{"class":56},[46,32559,1145],{"class":52},[46,32561,507],{"class":60},[46,32563,5530],{"class":102},[46,32565,8814],{"class":60},[46,32567,32568],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,32569,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,32571,32572,32574,32576,32578],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,32573,91],{"class":90},[46,32575,94],{"class":60},[46,32577,5530],{"class":102},[46,32579,215],{"class":60},[46,32581,32582,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,32583,91],{"class":90},[46,32585,94],{"class":60},[46,32587,8265],{"class":1270},[46,32589,94],{"class":60},[46,32591,5530],{"class":102},[46,32593,106],{"class":60},[20,32595,143],{},[37,32597,32599],{"className":39,"code":32598,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32600,32601,32627],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32602,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619,32621,32623,32625],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32604,17203],{"class":102},[46,32606,3172],{"class":60},[46,32608,1188],{"class":426},[46,32610,1018],{"class":430},[46,32612,1188],{"class":426},[46,32614,68],{"class":60},[46,32616,7962],{"class":64},[46,32618,68],{"class":60},[46,32620,1197],{"class":426},[46,32622,16197],{"class":430},[46,32624,1188],{"class":426},[46,32626,1161],{"class":60},[46,32628,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641,32643,32645,32647,32649],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32630,1152],{"class":60},[46,32632,1188],{"class":426},[46,32634,1018],{"class":430},[46,32636,1188],{"class":426},[46,32638,68],{"class":60},[46,32640,7962],{"class":64},[46,32642,68],{"class":60},[46,32644,1197],{"class":426},[46,32646,16197],{"class":430},[46,32648,1188],{"class":426},[46,32650,84],{"class":60},[20,32652,32653,32655],{},[15,32654,17237],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[32,32657,167,32659,170],{"id":32658},"what-values-does",[15,32660,17237],{},[172,32662,32663,32666,32669,32672],{},[175,32664,32665],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[175,32667,32668],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[175,32670,32671],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[175,32673,32674],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32676,32677,32678,507],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[501,32679,9560],{"href":9559},[32,32681,2343],{"id":2342},[37,32683,32685],{"className":39,"code":32684,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32686,32687],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32688,32689,32691,32693,32695],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32690,11618],{"class":52},[46,32692,507],{"class":60},[46,32694,5530],{"class":102},[46,32696,8814],{"class":60},[20,32698,13219],{},[172,32700,32701,32705,32708],{},[175,32702,32703,11633],{},[15,32704,17237],{},[175,32706,32707],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[175,32709,32710,32711],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32712,17237],{},[20,32714,32715,32716,2051,32721,507],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[501,32717,32718,32720],{"href":17228},[15,32719,17231],{}," for dictionary keys",[501,32722,32723,32725],{"href":17241},[15,32724,17244],{}," for key-value pairs",[32,32727,167,32729,11874],{"id":32728},"what-values-returns",[15,32730,17237],{},[20,32732,32733,22142,32735,24931],{},[15,32734,17237],{},[15,32736,17203],{},[20,32738,32739,32740,32743],{},"This object is a ",[3924,32741,32742],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32745,2393],{},[37,32747,32749],{"className":39,"code":32748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32750,32751,32787,32791,32806,32817,32821,32843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32752,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32754,13372],{"class":52},[46,32756,57],{"class":56},[46,32758,10660],{"class":60},[46,32760,427],{"class":426},[46,32762,1009],{"class":430},[46,32764,427],{"class":426},[46,32766,198],{"class":60},[46,32768,438],{"class":426},[46,32770,8092],{"class":430},[46,32772,427],{"class":426},[46,32774,68],{"class":60},[46,32776,438],{"class":426},[46,32778,9468],{"class":430},[46,32780,427],{"class":426},[46,32782,198],{"class":60},[46,32784,9475],{"class":64},[46,32786,1105],{"class":60},[46,32788,32789],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32790,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,32792,32793,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,32794,32795],{"class":52},"values_view ",[46,32797,57],{"class":56},[46,32799,13415],{"class":52},[46,32801,507],{"class":60},[46,32803,5530],{"class":102},[46,32805,8814],{"class":60},[46,32807,32808,32810,32812,32815],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,32809,91],{"class":90},[46,32811,94],{"class":60},[46,32813,32814],{"class":102},"values_view",[46,32816,215],{"class":60},[46,32818,32819],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,32820,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,32822,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,32824,17473],{"class":52},[46,32826,1152],{"class":60},[46,32828,427],{"class":426},[46,32830,10578],{"class":430},[46,32832,427],{"class":426},[46,32834,13441],{"class":60},[46,32836,13444],{"class":56},[46,32838,438],{"class":426},[46,32840,30811],{"class":430},[46,32842,3544],{"class":426},[46,32844,32845,32847,32849,32851],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,32846,91],{"class":90},[46,32848,94],{"class":60},[46,32850,32814],{"class":102},[46,32852,215],{"class":60},[20,32854,143],{},[37,32856,32858],{"className":39,"code":32857,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32859,32860,32878],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32861,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32863,17203],{"class":102},[46,32865,3172],{"class":60},[46,32867,1188],{"class":426},[46,32869,8092],{"class":430},[46,32871,1188],{"class":426},[46,32873,68],{"class":60},[46,32875,9475],{"class":64},[46,32877,1161],{"class":60},[46,32879,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32881,17203],{"class":102},[46,32883,3172],{"class":60},[46,32885,1188],{"class":426},[46,32887,8092],{"class":430},[46,32889,1188],{"class":426},[46,32891,68],{"class":60},[46,32893,9475],{"class":64},[46,32895,68],{"class":60},[46,32897,1197],{"class":426},[46,32899,30811],{"class":430},[46,32901,1188],{"class":426},[46,32903,1161],{"class":60},[20,32905,32906,32907,507],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32908,32909],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[37,32911,32913],{"className":39,"code":32912,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32914,32915,32951,32970,32974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32916,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947,32949],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32918,13372],{"class":52},[46,32920,57],{"class":56},[46,32922,10660],{"class":60},[46,32924,427],{"class":426},[46,32926,1009],{"class":430},[46,32928,427],{"class":426},[46,32930,198],{"class":60},[46,32932,438],{"class":426},[46,32934,8092],{"class":430},[46,32936,427],{"class":426},[46,32938,68],{"class":60},[46,32940,438],{"class":426},[46,32942,9468],{"class":430},[46,32944,427],{"class":426},[46,32946,198],{"class":60},[46,32948,9475],{"class":64},[46,32950,1105],{"class":60},[46,32952,32953,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,32954,32955],{"class":52},"values_list ",[46,32957,57],{"class":56},[46,32959,22727],{"class":1270},[46,32961,94],{"class":60},[46,32963,17473],{"class":102},[46,32965,507],{"class":60},[46,32967,5530],{"class":102},[46,32969,7367],{"class":60},[46,32971,32972],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,32973,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,32975,32976,32978,32980,32983],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,32977,91],{"class":90},[46,32979,94],{"class":60},[46,32981,32982],{"class":102},"values_list",[46,32984,215],{"class":60},[20,32986,143],{},[37,32988,32990],{"className":39,"code":32989,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32991,32992],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,32993,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,32995,1152],{"class":60},[46,32997,1188],{"class":426},[46,32999,8092],{"class":430},[46,33001,1188],{"class":426},[46,33003,68],{"class":60},[46,33005,9475],{"class":64},[46,33007,84],{"class":60},[32,33009,11643],{"id":11642},[20,33011,33012],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[37,33014,33016],{"className":39,"code":33015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,33017,33018,33072,33076,33090,33094,33104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33019,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050,33053,33055,33057,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068,33070],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33021,24963],{"class":52},[46,33023,57],{"class":56},[46,33025,10660],{"class":60},[46,33027,427],{"class":426},[46,33029,24972],{"class":430},[46,33031,427],{"class":426},[46,33033,198],{"class":60},[46,33035,438],{"class":426},[46,33037,24981],{"class":430},[46,33039,427],{"class":426},[46,33041,68],{"class":60},[46,33043,438],{"class":426},[46,33045,24990],{"class":430},[46,33047,427],{"class":426},[46,33049,198],{"class":60},[46,33051,33052],{"class":64}," 2022",[46,33054,68],{"class":60},[46,33056,438],{"class":426},[46,33058,33059],{"class":430},"color",[46,33061,427],{"class":426},[46,33063,198],{"class":60},[46,33065,438],{"class":426},[46,33067,13277],{"class":430},[46,33069,427],{"class":426},[46,33071,1105],{"class":60},[46,33073,33074],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33075,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,33077,33078,33080,33082,33084,33086,33088],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,33079,2416],{"class":52},[46,33081,57],{"class":56},[46,33083,25012],{"class":52},[46,33085,507],{"class":60},[46,33087,5530],{"class":102},[46,33089,8814],{"class":60},[46,33091,33092],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,33093,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,33095,33096,33098,33100,33102],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,33097,91],{"class":90},[46,33099,94],{"class":60},[46,33101,2451],{"class":102},[46,33103,215],{"class":60},[46,33105,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,33107,91],{"class":90},[46,33109,94],{"class":60},[46,33111,8265],{"class":1270},[46,33113,94],{"class":60},[46,33115,2451],{"class":102},[46,33117,106],{"class":60},[20,33119,143],{},[37,33121,33123],{"className":39,"code":33122,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33124,33125,33151],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33126,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141,33143,33145,33147,33149],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33128,17203],{"class":102},[46,33130,3172],{"class":60},[46,33132,1188],{"class":426},[46,33134,24981],{"class":430},[46,33136,1188],{"class":426},[46,33138,68],{"class":60},[46,33140,33052],{"class":64},[46,33142,68],{"class":60},[46,33144,1197],{"class":426},[46,33146,13277],{"class":430},[46,33148,1188],{"class":426},[46,33150,1161],{"class":60},[46,33152,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33154,1152],{"class":60},[46,33156,1188],{"class":426},[46,33158,24981],{"class":430},[46,33160,1188],{"class":426},[46,33162,68],{"class":60},[46,33164,33052],{"class":64},[46,33166,68],{"class":60},[46,33168,1197],{"class":426},[46,33170,13277],{"class":430},[46,33172,1188],{"class":426},[46,33174,84],{"class":60},[20,33176,11852],{},[172,33178,33179,33185,33191,33199],{},[175,33180,33181,33184],{},[15,33182,33183],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[175,33186,33187,33190],{},[15,33188,33189],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[175,33192,33193,33196,33197,24785],{},[15,33194,33195],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33198,17203],{},[175,33200,33201,33204],{},[15,33202,33203],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[32,33206,33208],{"id":33207},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33210,33211,33212,26232],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33213,6129],{},[37,33215,33217],{"className":39,"code":33216,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33218,33219,33263,33267,33283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33220,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255,33257,33259,33261],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33222,596],{"class":52},[46,33224,57],{"class":56},[46,33226,10660],{"class":60},[46,33228,427],{"class":426},[46,33230,18584],{"class":430},[46,33232,427],{"class":426},[46,33234,198],{"class":60},[46,33236,1102],{"class":64},[46,33238,68],{"class":60},[46,33240,438],{"class":426},[46,33242,31320],{"class":430},[46,33244,427],{"class":426},[46,33246,198],{"class":60},[46,33248,1034],{"class":64},[46,33250,68],{"class":60},[46,33252,438],{"class":426},[46,33254,18593],{"class":430},[46,33256,427],{"class":426},[46,33258,198],{"class":60},[46,33260,29087],{"class":64},[46,33262,1105],{"class":60},[46,33264,33265],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33266,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,33268,33269,33271,33273,33275,33277,33279,33281],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,33270,6129],{"class":1595},[46,33272,21751],{"class":52},[46,33274,1602],{"class":1595},[46,33276,5284],{"class":52},[46,33278,507],{"class":60},[46,33280,5530],{"class":102},[46,33282,21762],{"class":60},[46,33284,33285,33287,33289,33291],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,33286,8240],{"class":90},[46,33288,94],{"class":60},[46,33290,2659],{"class":102},[46,33292,215],{"class":60},[20,33294,143],{},[37,33296,33298],{"className":39,"code":33297,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33299,33300,33305,33310],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33301,33302],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33303,33304],{"class":64},"90\n",[46,33306,33307],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33308,33309],{"class":64},"85\n",[46,33311,33312],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,33313,33314],{"class":64},"88\n",[20,33316,17877],{},[172,33318,33319,33322,33325],{},[175,33320,33321],{},"You only need the values",[175,33323,33324],{},"You do not care about the keys",[175,33326,33327],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33329,33330,33331,3065,33335,507],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[501,33332,10906,33333,10910],{"href":17241},[15,33334,17244],{},[501,33336,22642],{"href":33337},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[32,33339,33341],{"id":33340},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33343,160,33344,33346],{},[15,33345,32909],{}," when you need a list.",[37,33348,33350],{"className":39,"code":33349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33351,33352,33398,33402,33422,33426,33437],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33353,33354,33357,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381,33383,33385,33387,33390,33392,33394,33396],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33355,33356],{"class":52},"fruit_prices ",[46,33358,57],{"class":56},[46,33360,10660],{"class":60},[46,33362,427],{"class":426},[46,33364,756],{"class":430},[46,33366,427],{"class":426},[46,33368,198],{"class":60},[46,33370,71],{"class":64},[46,33372,68],{"class":60},[46,33374,438],{"class":426},[46,33376,450],{"class":430},[46,33378,427],{"class":426},[46,33380,198],{"class":60},[46,33382,81],{"class":64},[46,33384,68],{"class":60},[46,33386,438],{"class":426},[46,33388,33389],{"class":430},"orange",[46,33391,427],{"class":426},[46,33393,198],{"class":60},[46,33395,312],{"class":64},[46,33397,1105],{"class":60},[46,33399,33400],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33401,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,33403,33404,33407,33409,33411,33413,33416,33418,33420],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,33405,33406],{"class":52},"price_list ",[46,33408,57],{"class":56},[46,33410,22727],{"class":1270},[46,33412,94],{"class":60},[46,33414,33415],{"class":102},"fruit_prices",[46,33417,507],{"class":60},[46,33419,5530],{"class":102},[46,33421,7367],{"class":60},[46,33423,33424],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,33425,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,33427,33428,33430,33432,33435],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,33429,91],{"class":90},[46,33431,94],{"class":60},[46,33433,33434],{"class":102},"price_list",[46,33436,215],{"class":60},[46,33438,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,33440,91],{"class":90},[46,33442,94],{"class":60},[46,33444,33434],{"class":102},[46,33446,1152],{"class":60},[46,33448,554],{"class":64},[46,33450,1161],{"class":60},[20,33452,143],{},[37,33454,33456],{"className":39,"code":33455,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33457,33458,33474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33459,33460,33462,33464,33466,33468,33470,33472],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33461,1152],{"class":60},[46,33463,2243],{"class":64},[46,33465,68],{"class":60},[46,33467,81],{"class":64},[46,33469,68],{"class":60},[46,33471,312],{"class":64},[46,33473,84],{"class":60},[46,33475,33476],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33477,17222],{"class":64},[20,33479,33480],{},"This is helpful for:",[172,33482,33483,33486,33489],{},[175,33484,33485],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[175,33487,33488],{},"Accessing values by index",[175,33490,33491],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33493,4102,33494,33496],{},[15,33495,17203],{}," is not the same as a list.",[32,33498,33500,10755,33502,10755,33504],{"id":33499},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33501,17237],{},[15,33503,17231],{},[15,33505,17244],{},[20,33507,33508],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[172,33510,33511,33516,33521],{},[175,33512,33513,33515],{},[15,33514,17237],{}," returns only the values",[175,33517,33518,33520],{},[15,33519,17231],{}," returns only the keys",[175,33522,33523,33525],{},[15,33524,17244],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33527,2311],{},[37,33529,33531],{"className":39,"code":33530,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33532,33533,33569,33573,33587,33601],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33534,33535,33537,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553,33555,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33536,13032],{"class":52},[46,33538,57],{"class":56},[46,33540,10660],{"class":60},[46,33542,427],{"class":426},[46,33544,1009],{"class":430},[46,33546,427],{"class":426},[46,33548,198],{"class":60},[46,33550,438],{"class":426},[46,33552,1018],{"class":430},[46,33554,427],{"class":426},[46,33556,68],{"class":60},[46,33558,438],{"class":426},[46,33560,9468],{"class":430},[46,33562,427],{"class":426},[46,33564,198],{"class":60},[46,33566,7962],{"class":64},[46,33568,1105],{"class":60},[46,33570,33571],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33572,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,33574,33575,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,33576,91],{"class":90},[46,33578,94],{"class":60},[46,33580,13793],{"class":102},[46,33582,507],{"class":60},[46,33584,17089],{"class":102},[46,33586,7367],{"class":60},[46,33588,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,33590,91],{"class":90},[46,33592,94],{"class":60},[46,33594,13793],{"class":102},[46,33596,507],{"class":60},[46,33598,5530],{"class":102},[46,33600,7367],{"class":60},[46,33602,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,33604,91],{"class":90},[46,33606,94],{"class":60},[46,33608,13793],{"class":102},[46,33610,507],{"class":60},[46,33612,1415],{"class":102},[46,33614,7367],{"class":60},[20,33616,143],{},[37,33618,33620],{"className":39,"code":33619,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33621,33622,33644,33662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33623,33624,33626,33628,33630,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33625,17180],{"class":102},[46,33627,3172],{"class":60},[46,33629,1188],{"class":426},[46,33631,1009],{"class":430},[46,33633,1188],{"class":426},[46,33635,68],{"class":60},[46,33637,1197],{"class":426},[46,33639,9468],{"class":430},[46,33641,1188],{"class":426},[46,33643,1161],{"class":60},[46,33645,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656,33658,33660],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33647,17203],{"class":102},[46,33649,3172],{"class":60},[46,33651,1188],{"class":426},[46,33653,1018],{"class":430},[46,33655,1188],{"class":426},[46,33657,68],{"class":60},[46,33659,7962],{"class":64},[46,33661,1161],{"class":60},[46,33663,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676,33678],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,33665,22075],{"class":102},[46,33667,9826],{"class":60},[46,33669,1188],{"class":426},[46,33671,1009],{"class":430},[46,33673,1188],{"class":426},[46,33675,68],{"class":60},[46,33677,7962],{"class":64},[46,33679,10848],{"class":60},[20,33681,18862],{},[172,33683,33684,33691,33698],{},[175,33685,33686,33690],{},[501,33687,33688],{"href":17228},[15,33689,17231],{}," when you need just the keys",[175,33692,33693,33697],{},[501,33694,33695],{"href":17234},[15,33696,17237],{}," when you need just the values",[175,33699,33700,33704],{},[501,33701,33702],{"href":17241},[15,33703,17244],{}," when you need both",[32,33706,4693],{"id":4692},[20,33708,33709,33710,507],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33711,17237],{},[283,33713,29817,33715,33717],{"id":33714},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33716,17237],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33719,33720,33722],{},[15,33721,17237],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33724,16809],{},[37,33726,33728],{"className":39,"code":33727,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33729,33730,33750],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33731,33732,33734,33736,33738,33740,33742,33744,33746,33748],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33733,8480],{"class":52},[46,33735,57],{"class":56},[46,33737,61],{"class":60},[46,33739,3175],{"class":64},[46,33741,68],{"class":60},[46,33743,71],{"class":64},[46,33745,68],{"class":60},[46,33747,312],{"class":64},[46,33749,84],{"class":60},[46,33751,33752,33754,33756,33758,33760,33762],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33753,91],{"class":90},[46,33755,94],{"class":60},[46,33757,8511],{"class":102},[46,33759,507],{"class":60},[46,33761,5530],{"class":102},[46,33763,7367],{"class":60},[20,33765,33766,33767,33769],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33768,17237],{}," method.",[20,33771,33772],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[37,33774,33776],{"className":39,"code":33775,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33777,33778],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33779,33780,33782,33784,33786,33788,33790],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33781,91],{"class":90},[46,33783,94],{"class":60},[46,33785,1889],{"class":1270},[46,33787,94],{"class":60},[46,33789,8511],{"class":102},[46,33791,106],{"class":60},[20,33793,33794,33795,33797,33798,507],{},"If you get an ",[15,33796,25839],{},", see ",[501,33799,25847,33800,33802],{"href":25846},[15,33801,25850],{}," errors",[283,33804,4754,33806,33808],{"id":33805},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33807,17237],{}," returns a list",[20,33810,33811],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[37,33813,33815],{"className":39,"code":33814,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33816,33817,33853,33867,33871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33818,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833,33835,33837,33839,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33820,13032],{"class":52},[46,33822,57],{"class":56},[46,33824,10660],{"class":60},[46,33826,427],{"class":426},[46,33828,1009],{"class":430},[46,33830,427],{"class":426},[46,33832,198],{"class":60},[46,33834,438],{"class":426},[46,33836,1018],{"class":430},[46,33838,427],{"class":426},[46,33840,68],{"class":60},[46,33842,438],{"class":426},[46,33844,9468],{"class":430},[46,33846,427],{"class":426},[46,33848,198],{"class":60},[46,33850,7962],{"class":64},[46,33852,1105],{"class":60},[46,33854,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863,33865],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33856,4004],{"class":52},[46,33858,57],{"class":56},[46,33860,1145],{"class":52},[46,33862,507],{"class":60},[46,33864,5530],{"class":102},[46,33866,8814],{"class":60},[46,33868,33869],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,33870,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,33872,33873,33875,33877,33879,33881,33883],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,33874,91],{"class":90},[46,33876,94],{"class":60},[46,33878,1889],{"class":1270},[46,33880,94],{"class":60},[46,33882,5530],{"class":102},[46,33884,106],{"class":60},[20,33886,143],{},[37,33888,33890],{"className":39,"code":33889,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33891,33892],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33893,33894,33896,33898,33900,33902,33904],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33895,3476],{"class":56},[46,33897,3479],{"class":1140},[46,33899,1197],{"class":426},[46,33901,17203],{"class":430},[46,33903,1188],{"class":426},[46,33905,3488],{"class":56},[20,33907,5320,33908,33910],{},[15,33909,17203],{},", not a list.",[20,33912,33913],{},"If you need a list:",[37,33915,33917],{"className":39,"code":33916,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33918,33919],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33920,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33922,4004],{"class":52},[46,33924,57],{"class":56},[46,33926,22727],{"class":1270},[46,33928,94],{"class":60},[46,33930,13793],{"class":102},[46,33932,507],{"class":60},[46,33934,5530],{"class":102},[46,33936,7367],{"class":60},[283,33938,33940,33941],{"id":33939},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33942,17203],{},[20,33944,33945],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[37,33947,33949],{"className":39,"code":33948,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33950,33951,33987,34001,34005],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,33952,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967,33969,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981,33983,33985],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,33954,13032],{"class":52},[46,33956,57],{"class":56},[46,33958,10660],{"class":60},[46,33960,427],{"class":426},[46,33962,1009],{"class":430},[46,33964,427],{"class":426},[46,33966,198],{"class":60},[46,33968,438],{"class":426},[46,33970,1018],{"class":430},[46,33972,427],{"class":426},[46,33974,68],{"class":60},[46,33976,438],{"class":426},[46,33978,9468],{"class":430},[46,33980,427],{"class":426},[46,33982,198],{"class":60},[46,33984,7962],{"class":64},[46,33986,1105],{"class":60},[46,33988,33989,33991,33993,33995,33997,33999],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,33990,4004],{"class":52},[46,33992,57],{"class":56},[46,33994,1145],{"class":52},[46,33996,507],{"class":60},[46,33998,5530],{"class":102},[46,34000,8814],{"class":60},[46,34002,34003],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,34004,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,34006,34007],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,34008,34009],{"class":3845},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,34011,34012],{},"Convert to a list first:",[37,34014,34016],{"className":39,"code":34015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,34017,34018,34054,34072,34076],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34019,34020,34022,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038,34040,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050,34052],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34021,13032],{"class":52},[46,34023,57],{"class":56},[46,34025,10660],{"class":60},[46,34027,427],{"class":426},[46,34029,1009],{"class":430},[46,34031,427],{"class":426},[46,34033,198],{"class":60},[46,34035,438],{"class":426},[46,34037,1018],{"class":430},[46,34039,427],{"class":426},[46,34041,68],{"class":60},[46,34043,438],{"class":426},[46,34045,9468],{"class":430},[46,34047,427],{"class":426},[46,34049,198],{"class":60},[46,34051,7962],{"class":64},[46,34053,1105],{"class":60},[46,34055,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064,34066,34068,34070],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34057,4004],{"class":52},[46,34059,57],{"class":56},[46,34061,22727],{"class":1270},[46,34063,94],{"class":60},[46,34065,13793],{"class":102},[46,34067,507],{"class":60},[46,34069,5530],{"class":102},[46,34071,7367],{"class":60},[46,34073,34074],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,34075,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,34077,34078,34080,34082,34084,34086,34088],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,34079,91],{"class":90},[46,34081,94],{"class":60},[46,34083,5530],{"class":102},[46,34085,1152],{"class":60},[46,34087,554],{"class":64},[46,34089,1161],{"class":60},[283,34091,578,34093,11260,34095],{"id":34092},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34094,5530],{},[15,34096,17237],{},[20,34098,34099],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[37,34101,34103],{"className":39,"code":34102,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34104,34105,34141,34145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34106,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34108,13032],{"class":52},[46,34110,57],{"class":56},[46,34112,10660],{"class":60},[46,34114,427],{"class":426},[46,34116,1009],{"class":430},[46,34118,427],{"class":426},[46,34120,198],{"class":60},[46,34122,438],{"class":426},[46,34124,1018],{"class":430},[46,34126,427],{"class":426},[46,34128,68],{"class":60},[46,34130,438],{"class":426},[46,34132,9468],{"class":430},[46,34134,427],{"class":426},[46,34136,198],{"class":60},[46,34138,7962],{"class":64},[46,34140,1105],{"class":60},[46,34142,34143],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34144,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,34146,34147,34149,34151,34153,34155,34157],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,34148,91],{"class":90},[46,34150,94],{"class":60},[46,34152,13793],{"class":102},[46,34154,507],{"class":60},[46,34156,5530],{"class":1774},[46,34158,215],{"class":60},[20,34160,34161,34164],{},[15,34162,34163],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34166,18862],{},[37,34168,34170],{"className":39,"code":34169,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34171,34172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34173,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34175,91],{"class":90},[46,34177,94],{"class":60},[46,34179,13793],{"class":102},[46,34181,507],{"class":60},[46,34183,5530],{"class":102},[46,34185,7367],{"class":60},[283,34187,34189],{"id":34188},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34191,34192],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[37,34194,34196],{"className":39,"code":34195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34197,34198,34230],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34199,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212,34214,34216,34218,34220,34222,34224,34226,34228],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34201,1487],{"class":52},[46,34203,57],{"class":56},[46,34205,10660],{"class":60},[46,34207,427],{"class":426},[46,34209,501],{"class":430},[46,34211,427],{"class":426},[46,34213,198],{"class":60},[46,34215,81],{"class":64},[46,34217,68],{"class":60},[46,34219,438],{"class":426},[46,34221,4935],{"class":430},[46,34223,427],{"class":426},[46,34225,198],{"class":60},[46,34227,71],{"class":64},[46,34229,1105],{"class":60},[46,34231,34232,34234,34236,34238,34240,34242],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34233,91],{"class":90},[46,34235,94],{"class":60},[46,34237,1523],{"class":102},[46,34239,507],{"class":60},[46,34241,5530],{"class":102},[46,34243,7367],{"class":60},[20,34245,34246],{},"Not like this:",[37,34248,34250],{"className":39,"code":34249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34251,34252,34257,34262],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34253,34254],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34255,34256],{"class":3845},"# Wrong examples:\n",[46,34258,34259],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34260,34261],{"class":3845},"# data().values()\n",[46,34263,34264],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,34265,34266],{"class":3845},"# values(data)\n",[20,34268,3525],{},[37,34270,34272],{"className":39,"code":34271,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34273,34274,34288,34298,34312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34275,34276,34278,34280,34282,34284,34286],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34277,91],{"class":90},[46,34279,94],{"class":60},[46,34281,1889],{"class":1270},[46,34283,94],{"class":60},[46,34285,11618],{"class":102},[46,34287,106],{"class":60},[46,34289,34290,34292,34294,34296],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34291,91],{"class":90},[46,34293,94],{"class":60},[46,34295,11618],{"class":102},[46,34297,215],{"class":60},[46,34299,34300,34302,34304,34306,34308,34310],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,34301,91],{"class":90},[46,34303,94],{"class":60},[46,34305,11618],{"class":102},[46,34307,507],{"class":60},[46,34309,5530],{"class":102},[46,34311,7367],{"class":60},[46,34313,34314,34316,34318,34320,34322,34324,34326,34328],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,34315,91],{"class":90},[46,34317,94],{"class":60},[46,34319,8265],{"class":1270},[46,34321,94],{"class":60},[46,34323,11618],{"class":102},[46,34325,507],{"class":60},[46,34327,5530],{"class":102},[46,34329,6462],{"class":60},[32,34331,1991],{"id":1990},[283,34333,1995,34335,1998],{"id":34334},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34336,32488],{},[20,34338,17588,34339,34341],{},[15,34340,17203],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[283,34343,12872,34345,24099],{"id":34344},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34346,17237],{},[20,34348,24102,34349,24106],{},[15,34350,34351],{},"list(...)",[283,34353,26224,34355,2035],{"id":34354},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34356,32488],{},[20,34358,34359,34360,26232],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34361,6129],{},[283,34363,12872,34365,34367],{"id":34364},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34366,32488],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34369,34370],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[283,34372,34374,34375,34377,34378,2035],{"id":34373},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34376,17237],{}," different from ",[15,34379,17244],{},[20,34381,34382,34384,34385,34387],{},[15,34383,17237],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34386,17244],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[32,34389,2065],{"id":2064},[172,34391,34392,34398,34404,34408,34414,34418],{},[175,34393,34394],{},[501,34395,10906,34396,10910],{"href":17228},[15,34397,17231],{},[175,34399,34400],{},[501,34401,10906,34402,10910],{"href":17241},[15,34403,17244],{},[175,34405,34406],{},[501,34407,11410],{"href":9559},[175,34409,34410],{},[501,34411,34413],{"href":34412},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[175,34415,34416],{},[501,34417,24184],{"href":33337},[175,34419,34420],{},[501,34421,30515,34422],{"href":25846},[15,34423,34424],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2103,34426,34427],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":34429},[34430,34431,34433,34434,34436,34437,34438,34439,34441,34452,34464],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":32658,"depth":87,"text":34432},"What values() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":32728,"depth":87,"text":34435},"What values() returns",{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":33207,"depth":87,"text":33208},{"id":33340,"depth":87,"text":33341},{"id":33499,"depth":87,"text":34440},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":34442},[34443,34445,34447,34449,34451],{"id":33714,"depth":109,"text":34444},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33805,"depth":109,"text":34446},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33939,"depth":109,"text":34448},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34092,"depth":109,"text":34450},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34188,"depth":109,"text":34189},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":34453},[34454,34456,34458,34460,34462],{"id":34334,"depth":109,"text":34455},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34344,"depth":109,"text":34457},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34354,"depth":109,"text":34459},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34364,"depth":109,"text":34461},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34373,"depth":109,"text":34463},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32475,"description":34465},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34471,"title":34472,"body":34473,"description":35903,"extension":2150,"meta":35904,"navigation":112,"path":35905,"seo":35906,"stem":35907,"__hash__":35908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34474,"toc":35855},[34475,34481,34486,34489,34505,34514,34516,34548,34554,34557,34651,34654,34659,34664,34667,34678,34680,34694,34700,34702,34707,34713,34716,34755,34763,34768,34771,34816,34819,34831,34837,34843,34847,34880,34883,34901,34904,34908,34947,34949,34969,34972,34984,34989,34995,34998,35053,35056,35067,35070,35081,35084,35088,35094,35096,35126,35129,35144,35147,35150,35169,35172,35188,35197,35199,35230,35236,35241,35244,35251,35282,35285,35307,35310,35313,35327,35331,35362,35377,35384,35391,35395,35403,35407,35415,35418,35467,35478,35480,35483,35489,35494,35504,35508,35511,35514,35518,35521,35523,35544,35548,35554,35565,35571,35573,35579,35603,35606,35669,35672,35700,35703,35765,35767,35772,35775,35782,35790,35797,35800,35808,35814,35816,35843,35852],[10,34476,13,34478,18],{"id":34477},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34479,34480],{},"dir()",[20,34482,32485,34483,34485],{},[15,34484,34480],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34487,34488],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[172,34490,34491,34494,34497,34502],{},[175,34492,34493],{},"learning Python",[175,34495,34496],{},"exploring a new object",[175,34498,34499,34500],{},"debugging an ",[15,34501,25839],{},[175,34503,34504],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34506,34507,34508,34510,34511],{},"In short, ",[15,34509,34480],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3924,34512,34513],{},"“What can I use here?”",[32,34515,35],{"id":34},[37,34517,34519],{"className":39,"code":34518,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34520,34521,34533],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34522,34523,34525,34527,34529,34531],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34524,8047],{"class":52},[46,34526,57],{"class":56},[46,34528,438],{"class":426},[46,34530,4027],{"class":430},[46,34532,3544],{"class":426},[46,34534,34535,34537,34539,34542,34544,34546],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34536,91],{"class":90},[46,34538,94],{"class":60},[46,34540,34541],{"class":90},"dir",[46,34543,94],{"class":60},[46,34545,1009],{"class":102},[46,34547,106],{"class":60},[20,34549,160,34550,34553],{},[15,34551,34552],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34555,34556],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[37,34558,34560],{"className":39,"code":34559,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34561,34562],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34563,34564,34566,34568,34571,34573,34575,34577,34580,34582,34584,34586,34589,34591,34593,34595,34598,34600,34602,34604,34607,34609,34611,34613,34616,34618,34620,34623,34625,34627,34629,34631,34633,34635,34638,34640,34642,34644,34647,34649],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34565,1152],{"class":60},[46,34567,1188],{"class":426},[46,34569,34570],{"class":430},"__add__",[46,34572,1188],{"class":426},[46,34574,68],{"class":60},[46,34576,1197],{"class":426},[46,34578,34579],{"class":430},"__class__",[46,34581,1188],{"class":426},[46,34583,68],{"class":60},[46,34585,1197],{"class":426},[46,34587,34588],{"class":430},"__contains__",[46,34590,1188],{"class":426},[46,34592,68],{"class":60},[46,34594,1197],{"class":426},[46,34596,34597],{"class":430},"__delattr__",[46,34599,1188],{"class":426},[46,34601,68],{"class":60},[46,34603,1197],{"class":426},[46,34605,34606],{"class":430},"__dir__",[46,34608,1188],{"class":426},[46,34610,68],{"class":60},[46,34612,1197],{"class":426},[46,34614,34615],{"class":430},"__doc__",[46,34617,1188],{"class":426},[46,34619,68],{"class":60},[46,34621,239],{"class":34622},"s_hVV",[46,34624,68],{"class":60},[46,34626,1197],{"class":426},[46,34628,1775],{"class":430},[46,34630,1188],{"class":426},[46,34632,68],{"class":60},[46,34634,1197],{"class":426},[46,34636,34637],{"class":430},"split",[46,34639,1188],{"class":426},[46,34641,68],{"class":60},[46,34643,1197],{"class":426},[46,34645,34646],{"class":430},"upper",[46,34648,1188],{"class":426},[46,34650,84],{"class":60},[20,34652,34653],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[32,34655,167,34657,170],{"id":34656},"what-dir-does",[15,34658,34480],{},[20,34660,34661,34663],{},[15,34662,34480],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34665,34666],{},"It usually includes:",[172,34668,34669,34672,34675],{},[175,34670,34671],{},"attributes",[175,34673,34674],{},"methods",[175,34676,34677],{},"special Python names",[20,34679,888],{},[172,34681,34682,34688,34691],{},[175,34683,34684,34685],{},"The result is a ",[3924,34686,34687],{},"list of strings",[175,34689,34690],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[175,34692,34693],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34695,34696,34697,34699],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34698,34480],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[32,34701,2343],{"id":2342},[20,34703,34704,34706],{},[15,34705,34480],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[283,34708,34710,34712],{"id":34709},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34711,34480],{}," with no argument",[20,34714,34715],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[37,34717,34719],{"className":39,"code":34718,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34720,34721,34729,34741,34745],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34722,34723,34725,34727],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34724,3210],{"class":52},[46,34726,57],{"class":56},[46,34728,2774],{"class":64},[46,34730,34731,34733,34735,34737,34739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34732,8047],{"class":52},[46,34734,57],{"class":56},[46,34736,438],{"class":426},[46,34738,7849],{"class":430},[46,34740,3544],{"class":426},[46,34742,34743],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,34744,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,34746,34747,34749,34751,34753],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,34748,91],{"class":90},[46,34750,94],{"class":60},[46,34752,34541],{"class":90},[46,34754,7367],{"class":60},[20,34756,34757,34758,2051,34760,34762],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34759,1589],{},[15,34761,1009],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[283,34764,34766],{"id":34765},"dirobject",[15,34767,34552],{},[20,34769,34770],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[37,34772,34774],{"className":39,"code":34773,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34775,34776,34794],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34777,34778,34780,34782,34784,34786,34788,34790,34792],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34779,91],{"class":90},[46,34781,94],{"class":60},[46,34783,34541],{"class":90},[46,34785,94],{"class":60},[46,34787,427],{"class":426},[46,34789,4027],{"class":430},[46,34791,427],{"class":426},[46,34793,106],{"class":60},[46,34795,34796,34798,34800,34802,34804,34806,34808,34810,34812,34814],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34797,91],{"class":90},[46,34799,94],{"class":60},[46,34801,34541],{"class":90},[46,34803,3172],{"class":60},[46,34805,3175],{"class":64},[46,34807,68],{"class":60},[46,34809,71],{"class":64},[46,34811,68],{"class":60},[46,34813,312],{"class":64},[46,34815,3186],{"class":60},[20,34817,34818],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[172,34820,34821,34823,34825,34828],{},[175,34822,5480],{},[175,34824,5471],{},[175,34826,34827],{},"modules",[175,34829,34830],{},"custom objects",[32,34832,578,34834,34836],{"id":34833},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34835,34480],{}," with a value",[20,34838,34839,34840,34842],{},"A common use of ",[15,34841,34480],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[283,34844,34846],{"id":34845},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[37,34848,34850],{"className":39,"code":34849,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34851,34852,34865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34853,34854,34857,34859,34861,34863],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34855,34856],{"class":52},"text ",[46,34858,57],{"class":56},[46,34860,438],{"class":426},[46,34862,4027],{"class":430},[46,34864,3544],{"class":426},[46,34866,34867,34869,34871,34873,34875,34878],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34868,91],{"class":90},[46,34870,94],{"class":60},[46,34872,34541],{"class":90},[46,34874,94],{"class":60},[46,34876,34877],{"class":102},"text",[46,34879,106],{"class":60},[20,34881,34882],{},"You will see method names like:",[172,34884,34885,34889,34893,34897],{},[175,34886,34887],{},[15,34888,1775],{},[175,34890,34891],{},[15,34892,34646],{},[175,34894,34895],{},[15,34896,34637],{},[175,34898,34899],{},[15,34900,8806],{},[20,34902,34903],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[283,34905,34907],{"id":34906},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[37,34909,34911],{"className":39,"code":34910,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34912,34913,34933],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,34914,34915,34917,34919,34921,34923,34925,34927,34929,34931],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,34916,53],{"class":52},[46,34918,57],{"class":56},[46,34920,61],{"class":60},[46,34922,3175],{"class":64},[46,34924,68],{"class":60},[46,34926,71],{"class":64},[46,34928,68],{"class":60},[46,34930,312],{"class":64},[46,34932,84],{"class":60},[46,34934,34935,34937,34939,34941,34943,34945],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,34936,91],{"class":90},[46,34938,94],{"class":60},[46,34940,34541],{"class":90},[46,34942,94],{"class":60},[46,34944,103],{"class":102},[46,34946,106],{"class":60},[20,34948,34882],{},[172,34950,34951,34955,34959,34964],{},[175,34952,34953],{},[15,34954,13720],{},[175,34956,34957],{},[15,34958,26409],{},[175,34960,34961],{},[15,34962,34963],{},"remove",[175,34965,34966],{},[15,34967,34968],{},"sort",[20,34970,34971],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34973,34974,34975,34980,34981,34983],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[501,34976,34978],{"href":34977},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34979,2489],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34982,34480],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[32,34985,578,34987,34712],{"id":34986},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34988,34480],{},[20,34990,34991,34992,34994],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34993,34480],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34996,34997],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[37,34999,35001],{"className":39,"code":35000,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,35002,35003,35012,35016,35027,35039,35043],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35004,35005,35007,35009],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35006,3210],{"class":52},[46,35008,57],{"class":56},[46,35010,35011],{"class":64}," 5\n",[46,35013,35014],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35015,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35017,35018,35021,35025],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35019,35020],{"class":1140},"def",[46,35022,35024],{"class":35023},"sGLFI"," greet",[46,35026,21762],{"class":60},[46,35028,35029,35032,35034,35037],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,35030,35031],{"class":1595},"    return",[46,35033,438],{"class":426},[46,35035,35036],{"class":430},"Hello",[46,35038,3544],{"class":426},[46,35040,35041],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,35042,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35044,35045,35047,35049,35051],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,35046,91],{"class":90},[46,35048,94],{"class":60},[46,35050,34541],{"class":90},[46,35052,7367],{"class":60},[20,35054,35055],{},"The output will include names like:",[172,35057,35058,35062],{},[175,35059,35060],{},[15,35061,1589],{},[175,35063,35064],{},[15,35065,35066],{},"greet",[20,35068,35069],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[172,35071,35072,35075,35078],{},[175,35073,35074],{},"what variables exist",[175,35076,35077],{},"what functions you have defined",[175,35079,35080],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35082,35083],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[32,35085,35087],{"id":35086},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35089,35090,35091,35093],{},"When you first use ",[15,35092,34480],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35095,2393],{},[37,35097,35098],{"className":39,"code":34849,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,35099,35100,35112],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35101,35102,35104,35106,35108,35110],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35103,34856],{"class":52},[46,35105,57],{"class":56},[46,35107,438],{"class":426},[46,35109,4027],{"class":430},[46,35111,3544],{"class":426},[46,35113,35114,35116,35118,35120,35122,35124],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35115,91],{"class":90},[46,35117,94],{"class":60},[46,35119,34541],{"class":90},[46,35121,94],{"class":60},[46,35123,34877],{"class":102},[46,35125,106],{"class":60},[20,35127,35128],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[172,35130,35131,35135,35139],{},[175,35132,35133],{},[15,35134,34579],{},[175,35136,35137],{},[15,35138,34615],{},[175,35140,35141],{},[15,35142,35143],{},"__len__",[20,35145,35146],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35148,35149],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[172,35151,35152,35156,35160,35164],{},[175,35153,35154],{},[15,35155,34646],{},[175,35157,35158],{},[15,35159,1775],{},[175,35161,35162],{},[15,35163,34637],{},[175,35165,35166],{},[15,35167,35168],{},"replace",[20,35170,35171],{},"A key point to remember:",[172,35173,35174,35182],{},[175,35175,35176,35178,35179],{},[15,35177,34480],{}," lists ",[3924,35180,35181],{},"names only",[175,35183,35184,35185,35187],{},"it does ",[3924,35186,4805],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35189,35190,35191,507],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[501,35192,35194],{"href":35193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35195,35196],{},"help()",[20,35198,5644],{},[37,35200,35202],{"className":39,"code":35201,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35203,35204,35216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35205,35206,35208,35210,35212,35214],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35207,8047],{"class":52},[46,35209,57],{"class":56},[46,35211,438],{"class":426},[46,35213,4027],{"class":430},[46,35215,3544],{"class":426},[46,35217,35218,35220,35222,35224,35226,35228],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35219,32320],{"class":90},[46,35221,94],{"class":60},[46,35223,1009],{"class":102},[46,35225,507],{"class":60},[46,35227,34646],{"class":1774},[46,35229,215],{"class":60},[32,35231,35233,35235],{"id":35232},"dir-on-modules",[15,35234,34480],{}," on modules",[20,35237,15881,35238,35240],{},[15,35239,34480],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35242,35243],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[283,35245,35247,35248,35250],{"id":35246},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35249,18584],{}," module",[37,35252,35254],{"className":39,"code":35253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35255,35256,35264,35268],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35257,35258,35261],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35259,35260],{"class":1595},"import",[46,35262,35263],{"class":52}," math\n",[46,35265,35266],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35267,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35269,35270,35272,35274,35276,35278,35280],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35271,91],{"class":90},[46,35273,94],{"class":60},[46,35275,34541],{"class":90},[46,35277,94],{"class":60},[46,35279,18584],{"class":102},[46,35281,106],{"class":60},[20,35283,35284],{},"You may see names like:",[172,35286,35287,35292,35297,35302],{},[175,35288,35289],{},[15,35290,35291],{},"sqrt",[175,35293,35294],{},[15,35295,35296],{},"ceil",[175,35298,35299],{},[15,35300,35301],{},"floor",[175,35303,35304],{},[15,35305,35306],{},"pi",[20,35308,35309],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35311,35312],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[172,35314,35315,35321],{},[175,35316,35317],{},[501,35318,35320],{"href":35319},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[175,35322,35323],{},[501,35324,35326],{"href":35325},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[283,35328,35330],{"id":35329},"another-example","Another example",[37,35332,35334],{"className":39,"code":35333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35335,35336,35343,35347],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35337,35338,35340],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35339,35260],{"class":1595},[46,35341,35342],{"class":52}," json\n",[46,35344,35345],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35346,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35348,35349,35351,35353,35355,35357,35360],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35350,91],{"class":90},[46,35352,94],{"class":60},[46,35354,34541],{"class":90},[46,35356,94],{"class":60},[46,35358,35359],{"class":102},"json",[46,35361,106],{"class":60},[20,35363,35364,35365,2374,35368,2374,35371,17238,35374,507],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35366,35367],{},"dump",[15,35369,35370],{},"dumps",[15,35372,35373],{},"load",[15,35375,35376],{},"loads",[32,35378,35380,10755,35382],{"id":35379},"dir-vs-help",[15,35381,34480],{},[15,35383,35196],{},[20,35385,35386,2051,35388,35390],{},[15,35387,34480],{},[15,35389,35196],{}," are often used together.",[283,35392,35393],{"id":34541},[15,35394,34480],{},[172,35396,35397,35400],{},[175,35398,35399],{},"shows available names",[175,35401,35402],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[283,35404,35405],{"id":32320},[15,35406,35196],{},[172,35408,35409,35412],{},[175,35410,35411],{},"explains what an object or function does",[175,35413,35414],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35416,35417],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[37,35419,35421],{"className":39,"code":35420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35422,35423,35435,35439,35453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35424,35425,35427,35429,35431,35433],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35426,8047],{"class":52},[46,35428,57],{"class":56},[46,35430,438],{"class":426},[46,35432,4027],{"class":430},[46,35434,3544],{"class":426},[46,35436,35437],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35438,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35440,35441,35443,35445,35447,35449,35451],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35442,91],{"class":90},[46,35444,94],{"class":60},[46,35446,34541],{"class":90},[46,35448,94],{"class":60},[46,35450,1009],{"class":102},[46,35452,106],{"class":60},[46,35454,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463,35465],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,35456,32320],{"class":90},[46,35458,94],{"class":60},[46,35460,1009],{"class":102},[46,35462,507],{"class":60},[46,35464,34646],{"class":1774},[46,35466,215],{"class":60},[20,35468,160,35469,35471,35472,35474,35475,35477],{},[15,35470,34480],{}," first to find a method name.",[10015,35473],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35476,35196],{}," to understand how to use it.",[32,35479,25525],{"id":25524},[20,35481,35482],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[283,35484,35486,35488],{"id":35485},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35487,34480],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35490,35491,35493],{},[15,35492,34480],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35495,35496,35497,35499,35500,35503],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35498,34646],{}," in ",[15,35501,35502],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[283,35505,35507],{"id":35506},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35509,35510],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35512,35513],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[283,35515,35517],{"id":35516},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35519,35520],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35522,5644],{},[172,35524,35525,35530,35536],{},[175,35526,35527,35529],{},[15,35528,35502],{}," shows string-related names",[175,35531,35532,35535],{},[15,35533,35534],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[175,35537,35538,35541,35542,35250],{},[15,35539,35540],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35543,18584],{},[283,35545,35547],{"id":35546},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35549,35550,35551,35553],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35552,34480],{}," does not mean you already know:",[172,35555,35556,35559,35562],{},[175,35557,35558],{},"what it does",[175,35560,35561],{},"what arguments it needs",[175,35563,35564],{},"what it returns",[20,35566,35567,35568,35570],{},"That is why ",[15,35569,35196],{}," is the natural next step.",[32,35572,1834],{"id":1833},[20,35574,35575,35576,35578],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35577,34480],{}," in these situations:",[172,35580,35581,35584,35593,35596],{},[175,35582,35583],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[175,35585,35586,35587,35592],{},"Seeing an ",[501,35588,35590],{"href":35589},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35591,25839],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[175,35594,35595],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[175,35597,578,35598,35600,35601],{},[15,35599,34480],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35602,35196],{},[20,35604,35605],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[37,35607,35609],{"className":39,"code":35608,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35610,35611,35623,35627,35641,35655],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35612,35613,35615,35617,35619,35621],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35614,8047],{"class":52},[46,35616,57],{"class":56},[46,35618,438],{"class":426},[46,35620,4027],{"class":430},[46,35622,3544],{"class":426},[46,35624,35625],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35626,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35628,35629,35631,35633,35635,35637,35639],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35630,91],{"class":90},[46,35632,94],{"class":60},[46,35634,1889],{"class":1270},[46,35636,94],{"class":60},[46,35638,1009],{"class":102},[46,35640,106],{"class":60},[46,35642,35643,35645,35647,35649,35651,35653],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,35644,91],{"class":90},[46,35646,94],{"class":60},[46,35648,34541],{"class":90},[46,35650,94],{"class":60},[46,35652,1009],{"class":102},[46,35654,106],{"class":60},[46,35656,35657,35659,35661,35663,35665,35667],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,35658,32320],{"class":90},[46,35660,94],{"class":60},[46,35662,1009],{"class":102},[46,35664,507],{"class":60},[46,35666,34646],{"class":1774},[46,35668,215],{"class":60},[20,35670,35671],{},"And for modules:",[37,35673,35674],{"className":39,"code":35253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,35675,35676,35682,35686],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35677,35678,35680],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35679,35260],{"class":1595},[46,35681,35263],{"class":52},[46,35683,35684],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35685,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35687,35688,35690,35692,35694,35696,35698],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35689,91],{"class":90},[46,35691,94],{"class":60},[46,35693,34541],{"class":90},[46,35695,94],{"class":60},[46,35697,18584],{"class":102},[46,35699,106],{"class":60},[20,35701,35702],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[37,35704,35706],{"className":39,"code":35705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35707,35708,35713,35725,35735,35749,35755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35709,35710],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35711,35712],{"class":52},"python\n",[46,35714,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35716,8047],{"class":52},[46,35718,57],{"class":56},[46,35720,438],{"class":426},[46,35722,4027],{"class":430},[46,35724,3544],{"class":426},[46,35726,35727,35729,35731,35733],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35728,34541],{"class":90},[46,35730,94],{"class":60},[46,35732,1009],{"class":102},[46,35734,215],{"class":60},[46,35736,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,35738,32320],{"class":90},[46,35740,94],{"class":60},[46,35742,1009],{"class":102},[46,35744,507],{"class":60},[46,35746,34646],{"class":1774},[46,35748,215],{"class":60},[46,35750,35751,35753],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,35752,35260],{"class":1595},[46,35754,35263],{"class":52},[46,35756,35757,35759,35761,35763],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,35758,34541],{"class":90},[46,35760,94],{"class":60},[46,35762,18584],{"class":102},[46,35764,215],{"class":60},[32,35766,1991],{"id":1990},[283,35768,1995,35770,1998],{"id":35769},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35771,34480],{},[20,35773,35774],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[283,35776,2048,35778,2051,35780,2035],{"id":35777},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35779,34480],{},[15,35781,35196],{},[20,35783,35784,35786,35787,35789],{},[15,35785,34480],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35788,35196],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[283,35791,35793,35794,35796],{"id":35792},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35795,34480],{}," output?",[20,35798,35799],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[283,35801,2005,35803,35805,35806,2035],{"id":35802},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35804,34480],{}," help fix ",[15,35807,25839],{},[20,35809,35810,35811,507],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[501,35812,35813],{"href":35589},"object has no attribute",[32,35815,2065],{"id":2064},[172,35817,35818,35824,35829,35833,35837],{},[175,35819,35820],{},[501,35821,13,35822,506],{"href":35193},[15,35823,35196],{},[175,35825,35826],{},[501,35827,35828],{"href":35589},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[175,35830,35831],{},[501,35832,35320],{"href":35319},[175,35834,35835],{},[501,35836,35326],{"href":35325},[175,35838,35839],{},[501,35840,13,35841,506],{"href":34977},[15,35842,2489],{},[20,35844,35845,35846,35848,35849,35851],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35847,34480],{}," together with ",[15,35850,35196],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2103,35853,35854],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":35856},[35857,35858,35860,35865,35870,35872,35873,35879,35884,35891,35892,35902],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":34656,"depth":87,"text":35859},"What dir() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":35861},[35862,35864],{"id":34709,"depth":109,"text":35863},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34765,"depth":109,"text":34552},{"id":34833,"depth":87,"text":35866,"children":35867},"Using dir() with a value",[35868,35869],{"id":34845,"depth":109,"text":34846},{"id":34906,"depth":109,"text":34907},{"id":34986,"depth":87,"text":35871},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35086,"depth":87,"text":35087},{"id":35232,"depth":87,"text":35874,"children":35875},"dir() on modules",[35876,35878],{"id":35246,"depth":109,"text":35877},"Example: math module",{"id":35329,"depth":109,"text":35330},{"id":35379,"depth":87,"text":35880,"children":35881},"dir() vs help()",[35882,35883],{"id":34541,"depth":109,"text":34480},{"id":32320,"depth":109,"text":35196},{"id":25524,"depth":87,"text":25525,"children":35885},[35886,35888,35889,35890],{"id":35485,"depth":109,"text":35887},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35506,"depth":109,"text":35507},{"id":35516,"depth":109,"text":35517},{"id":35546,"depth":109,"text":35547},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":35893},[35894,35896,35898,35900],{"id":35769,"depth":109,"text":35895},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35777,"depth":109,"text":35897},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35792,"depth":109,"text":35899},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35802,"depth":109,"text":35901},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34472,"description":35903},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35910,"title":35911,"body":35912,"description":37727,"extension":2150,"meta":37728,"navigation":112,"path":37729,"seo":37730,"stem":37731,"__hash__":37732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35913,"toc":37696},[35914,35920,35925,35928,35936,35942,35944,36024,36026,36052,36057,36062,36067,36070,36081,36084,36086,36163,36165,36191,36198,36200,36202,36227,36230,36243,36248,36250,36331,36333,36359,36368,36373,36381,36387,36394,36397,36399,36478,36481,36538,36540,36577,36583,36588,36593,36596,36610,36612,36715,36717,36760,36769,36779,36786,36791,36798,36881,36883,36906,36909,36912,36914,36918,36922,36925,36988,37011,37014,37018,37024,37026,37093,37096,37173,37178,37184,37187,37190,37235,37237,37261,37266,37270,37275,37281,37344,37347,37349,37352,37377,37380,37515,37517,37617,37619,37624,37627,37633,37643,37651,37656,37662,37668,37670,37693],[10,35915,13,35917,18],{"id":35916},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35918,35919],{},"enumerate()",[20,35921,35922,35924],{},[15,35923,35919],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35926,35927],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[172,35929,35930,35933],{},[175,35931,35932],{},"the item itself",[175,35934,35935],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35937,35938,35939,35941],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35940,35919],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[32,35943,35],{"id":34},[37,35945,35947],{"className":39,"code":35946,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35948,35949,35981,35985,36008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,35950,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965,35967,35969,35971,35973,35975,35977,35979],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,35952,13243],{"class":52},[46,35954,57],{"class":56},[46,35956,61],{"class":60},[46,35958,427],{"class":426},[46,35960,13260],{"class":430},[46,35962,427],{"class":426},[46,35964,68],{"class":60},[46,35966,438],{"class":426},[46,35968,17622],{"class":430},[46,35970,427],{"class":426},[46,35972,68],{"class":60},[46,35974,438],{"class":426},[46,35976,13277],{"class":430},[46,35978,427],{"class":426},[46,35980,84],{"class":60},[46,35982,35983],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,35984,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,35986,35987,35989,35992,35994,35997,35999,36002,36004,36006],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,35988,6129],{"class":1595},[46,35990,35991],{"class":52}," index",[46,35993,68],{"class":60},[46,35995,35996],{"class":52}," color ",[46,35998,1602],{"class":1595},[46,36000,36001],{"class":90}," enumerate",[46,36003,94],{"class":60},[46,36005,17669],{"class":102},[46,36007,8514],{"class":60},[46,36009,36010,36012,36014,36017,36019,36022],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36011,8240],{"class":90},[46,36013,94],{"class":60},[46,36015,36016],{"class":102},"index",[46,36018,68],{"class":60},[46,36020,36021],{"class":102}," color",[46,36023,215],{"class":60},[20,36025,143],{},[37,36027,36029],{"className":39,"code":36028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,36030,36031,36038,36045],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36032,36033,36035],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36034,554],{"class":64},[46,36036,36037],{"class":52}," red\n",[46,36039,36040,36042],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36041,3175],{"class":64},[46,36043,36044],{"class":52}," green\n",[46,36046,36047,36049],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36048,2243],{"class":64},[46,36050,36051],{"class":52}," blue\n",[20,36053,160,36054,36056],{},[15,36055,35919],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[32,36058,167,36060,170],{"id":36059},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36061,35919],{},[20,36063,36064,36066],{},[15,36065,35919],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36068,36069],{},"It is commonly used with:",[172,36071,36072,36074,36076,36078],{},[175,36073,5471],{},[175,36075,5474],{},[175,36077,5480],{},[175,36079,36080],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36082,36083],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36085,2393],{},[37,36087,36089],{"className":39,"code":36088,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36090,36091,36123,36127,36148],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36092,36093,36095,36097,36099,36101,36103,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36119,36121],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36094,5169],{"class":52},[46,36096,57],{"class":56},[46,36098,61],{"class":60},[46,36100,427],{"class":426},[46,36102,1018],{"class":430},[46,36104,427],{"class":426},[46,36106,68],{"class":60},[46,36108,438],{"class":426},[46,36110,1054],{"class":430},[46,36112,427],{"class":426},[46,36114,68],{"class":60},[46,36116,438],{"class":426},[46,36118,1087],{"class":430},[46,36120,427],{"class":426},[46,36122,84],{"class":60},[46,36124,36125],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36126,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,36128,36129,36131,36133,36135,36138,36140,36142,36144,36146],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36130,6129],{"class":1595},[46,36132,35991],{"class":52},[46,36134,68],{"class":60},[46,36136,36137],{"class":52}," name ",[46,36139,1602],{"class":1595},[46,36141,36001],{"class":90},[46,36143,94],{"class":60},[46,36145,5213],{"class":102},[46,36147,8514],{"class":60},[46,36149,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36161],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36151,8240],{"class":90},[46,36153,94],{"class":60},[46,36155,36016],{"class":102},[46,36157,68],{"class":60},[46,36159,36160],{"class":102}," name",[46,36162,215],{"class":60},[20,36164,143],{},[37,36166,36168],{"className":39,"code":36167,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36169,36170,36177,36184],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36171,36172,36174],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36173,554],{"class":64},[46,36175,36176],{"class":52}," Ana\n",[46,36178,36179,36181],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36180,3175],{"class":64},[46,36182,36183],{"class":52}," Ben\n",[46,36185,36186,36188],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36187,2243],{"class":64},[46,36189,36190],{"class":52}," Cara\n",[20,36192,36193,36194,507],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[501,36195,36197],{"href":36196},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[32,36199,2343],{"id":2342},[20,36201,2346],{},[37,36203,36205],{"className":39,"code":36204,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36206,36207],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36208,36209,36212,36214,36216,36218,36221,36223,36225],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36210,36211],{"class":90},"enumerate",[46,36213,94],{"class":60},[46,36215,212],{"class":102},[46,36217,68],{"class":60},[46,36219,36220],{"class":254}," start",[46,36222,57],{"class":56},[46,36224,554],{"class":64},[46,36226,215],{"class":60},[20,36228,36229],{},"It has two parts:",[172,36231,36232,36237],{},[175,36233,36234,36236],{},[15,36235,212],{},": the object you want to loop through",[175,36238,36239,36242],{},[15,36240,36241],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36244,36245,36246,507],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36247,554],{},[20,36249,2393],{},[37,36251,36253],{"className":39,"code":36252,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36254,36255,36288,36292,36315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36256,36257,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36258,36259],{"class":52},"letters ",[46,36261,57],{"class":56},[46,36263,61],{"class":60},[46,36265,427],{"class":426},[46,36267,501],{"class":430},[46,36269,427],{"class":426},[46,36271,68],{"class":60},[46,36273,438],{"class":426},[46,36275,4935],{"class":430},[46,36277,427],{"class":426},[46,36279,68],{"class":60},[46,36281,438],{"class":426},[46,36283,9908],{"class":430},[46,36285,427],{"class":426},[46,36287,84],{"class":60},[46,36289,36290],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36291,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,36293,36294,36296,36299,36301,36304,36306,36308,36310,36313],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36295,6129],{"class":1595},[46,36297,36298],{"class":52}," i",[46,36300,68],{"class":60},[46,36302,36303],{"class":52}," letter ",[46,36305,1602],{"class":1595},[46,36307,36001],{"class":90},[46,36309,94],{"class":60},[46,36311,36312],{"class":102},"letters",[46,36314,8514],{"class":60},[46,36316,36317,36319,36321,36324,36326,36329],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36318,8240],{"class":90},[46,36320,94],{"class":60},[46,36322,36323],{"class":102},"i",[46,36325,68],{"class":60},[46,36327,36328],{"class":102}," letter",[46,36330,215],{"class":60},[20,36332,143],{},[37,36334,36336],{"className":39,"code":36335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36337,36338,36345,36352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36339,36340,36342],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36341,554],{"class":64},[46,36343,36344],{"class":52}," a\n",[46,36346,36347,36349],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36348,3175],{"class":64},[46,36350,36351],{"class":52}," b\n",[46,36353,36354,36356],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36355,2243],{"class":64},[46,36357,36358],{"class":52}," c\n",[20,36360,36361,36362,507],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[501,36363,13,36365,506],{"href":36364},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36366,36367],{},"range()",[32,36369,167,36371,11874],{"id":36370},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36372,35919],{},[20,36374,36375,36377,36378,507],{},[15,36376,35919],{}," returns an ",[3924,36379,36380],{},"enumerate object",[20,36382,36383,36384,36386],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36385,6129],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[172,36388,36389],{},[175,36390,36391],{},[15,36392,36393],{},"(index, item)",[20,36395,36396],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36398,2393],{},[37,36400,36402],{"className":39,"code":36401,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36403,36404,36437,36441,36463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36405,36406,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36407,36408],{"class":52},"fruits ",[46,36410,57],{"class":56},[46,36412,61],{"class":60},[46,36414,427],{"class":426},[46,36416,756],{"class":430},[46,36418,427],{"class":426},[46,36420,68],{"class":60},[46,36422,438],{"class":426},[46,36424,450],{"class":430},[46,36426,427],{"class":426},[46,36428,68],{"class":60},[46,36430,438],{"class":426},[46,36432,33389],{"class":430},[46,36434,427],{"class":426},[46,36436,84],{"class":60},[46,36438,36439],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36440,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,36442,36443,36445,36447,36449,36452,36454,36456,36458,36461],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36444,6129],{"class":1595},[46,36446,35991],{"class":52},[46,36448,68],{"class":60},[46,36450,36451],{"class":52}," fruit ",[46,36453,1602],{"class":1595},[46,36455,36001],{"class":90},[46,36457,94],{"class":60},[46,36459,36460],{"class":102},"fruits",[46,36462,8514],{"class":60},[46,36464,36465,36467,36469,36471,36473,36476],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36466,8240],{"class":90},[46,36468,94],{"class":60},[46,36470,36016],{"class":102},[46,36472,68],{"class":60},[46,36474,36475],{"class":102}," fruit",[46,36477,215],{"class":60},[20,36479,36480],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[37,36482,36484],{"className":39,"code":36483,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36485,36486,36506,36510,36528],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36487,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36489,53],{"class":52},[46,36491,57],{"class":56},[46,36493,61],{"class":60},[46,36495,1494],{"class":64},[46,36497,68],{"class":60},[46,36499,7962],{"class":64},[46,36501,68],{"class":60},[46,36503,7967],{"class":64},[46,36505,84],{"class":60},[46,36507,36508],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36509,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,36511,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522,36524,36526],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36513,2416],{"class":52},[46,36515,57],{"class":56},[46,36517,22727],{"class":1270},[46,36519,94],{"class":60},[46,36521,36211],{"class":90},[46,36523,94],{"class":60},[46,36525,103],{"class":102},[46,36527,106],{"class":60},[46,36529,36530,36532,36534,36536],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36531,91],{"class":90},[46,36533,94],{"class":60},[46,36535,2451],{"class":102},[46,36537,215],{"class":60},[20,36539,143],{},[37,36541,36543],{"className":39,"code":36542,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36544,36545],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36546,36547,36549,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569,36571,36573,36575],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36548,21907],{"class":60},[46,36550,554],{"class":64},[46,36552,68],{"class":60},[46,36554,6176],{"class":64},[46,36556,9403],{"class":60},[46,36558,9406],{"class":60},[46,36560,3175],{"class":64},[46,36562,68],{"class":60},[46,36564,7962],{"class":64},[46,36566,9403],{"class":60},[46,36568,9406],{"class":60},[46,36570,2243],{"class":64},[46,36572,68],{"class":60},[46,36574,7967],{"class":64},[46,36576,9419],{"class":60},[20,36578,36579,36580,36582],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36581,35919],{}," produces.",[32,36584,1794,36586],{"id":36585},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36587,35919],{},[20,36589,160,36590,36592],{},[15,36591,35919],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36594,36595],{},"Common cases:",[172,36597,36598,36601,36604,36607],{},[175,36599,36600],{},"printing numbered output",[175,36602,36603],{},"building menus",[175,36605,36606],{},"showing positions in a list",[175,36608,36609],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36611,2393],{},[37,36613,36615],{"className":39,"code":36614,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36616,36617,36652,36656,36686],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36618,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36630,36632,36634,36636,36639,36641,36643,36645,36648,36650],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36620,30065],{"class":52},[46,36622,57],{"class":56},[46,36624,61],{"class":60},[46,36626,427],{"class":426},[46,36628,36629],{"class":430},"Wash dishes",[46,36631,427],{"class":426},[46,36633,68],{"class":60},[46,36635,438],{"class":426},[46,36637,36638],{"class":430},"Study Python",[46,36640,427],{"class":426},[46,36642,68],{"class":60},[46,36644,438],{"class":426},[46,36646,36647],{"class":430},"Go for a walk",[46,36649,427],{"class":426},[46,36651,84],{"class":60},[46,36653,36654],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36655,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,36657,36658,36660,36662,36664,36667,36669,36671,36673,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36659,6129],{"class":1595},[46,36661,2382],{"class":52},[46,36663,68],{"class":60},[46,36665,36666],{"class":52}," task ",[46,36668,1602],{"class":1595},[46,36670,36001],{"class":90},[46,36672,94],{"class":60},[46,36674,36675],{"class":102},"tasks",[46,36677,68],{"class":60},[46,36679,36220],{"class":254},[46,36681,57],{"class":56},[46,36683,3175],{"class":64},[46,36685,8514],{"class":60},[46,36687,36688,36690,36692,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36709,36711,36713],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36689,8240],{"class":90},[46,36691,94],{"class":60},[46,36693,22461],{"class":1140},[46,36695,427],{"class":430},[46,36697,1185],{"class":64},[46,36699,2426],{"class":102},[46,36701,22470],{"class":64},[46,36703,28481],{"class":430},[46,36705,1185],{"class":64},[46,36707,36708],{"class":102},"task",[46,36710,22470],{"class":64},[46,36712,427],{"class":430},[46,36714,215],{"class":60},[20,36716,143],{},[37,36718,36720],{"className":39,"code":36719,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36721,36722,36734,36746],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36723,36724,36726,36728,36731],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36725,3175],{"class":64},[46,36727,507],{"class":60},[46,36729,36730],{"class":1774}," Wash",[46,36732,36733],{"class":52}," dishes\n",[46,36735,36736,36738,36740,36743],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36737,2243],{"class":64},[46,36739,507],{"class":60},[46,36741,36742],{"class":1774}," Study",[46,36744,36745],{"class":52}," Python\n",[46,36747,36748,36750,36752,36755,36757],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36749,2249],{"class":64},[46,36751,507],{"class":60},[46,36753,36754],{"class":1774}," Go",[46,36756,1596],{"class":1595},[46,36758,36759],{"class":52}," a walk\n",[20,36761,36762,36763,36765,36766,507],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36764,35919],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36767,36768],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36770,36771,36772,507],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[501,36773,36775,36776,36778],{"href":36774},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36777,35919],{}," in Python",[32,36780,36782,36783,36785],{"id":36781},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36784,36241],{}," argument",[20,36787,36788,36789,2026],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36790,36241],{},[20,36792,36793,36794,11260,36796,198],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36795,3175],{},[15,36797,554],{},[37,36799,36801],{"className":39,"code":36800,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36802,36803,36835,36839,36867],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36804,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36806,13243],{"class":52},[46,36808,57],{"class":56},[46,36810,61],{"class":60},[46,36812,427],{"class":426},[46,36814,13260],{"class":430},[46,36816,427],{"class":426},[46,36818,68],{"class":60},[46,36820,438],{"class":426},[46,36822,17622],{"class":430},[46,36824,427],{"class":426},[46,36826,68],{"class":60},[46,36828,438],{"class":426},[46,36830,13277],{"class":430},[46,36832,427],{"class":426},[46,36834,84],{"class":60},[46,36836,36837],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36838,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,36840,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36842,6129],{"class":1595},[46,36844,35991],{"class":52},[46,36846,68],{"class":60},[46,36848,35996],{"class":52},[46,36850,1602],{"class":1595},[46,36852,36001],{"class":90},[46,36854,94],{"class":60},[46,36856,17669],{"class":102},[46,36858,68],{"class":60},[46,36860,36220],{"class":254},[46,36862,57],{"class":56},[46,36864,3175],{"class":64},[46,36866,8514],{"class":60},[46,36868,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36879],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36870,8240],{"class":90},[46,36872,94],{"class":60},[46,36874,36016],{"class":102},[46,36876,68],{"class":60},[46,36878,36021],{"class":102},[46,36880,215],{"class":60},[20,36882,143],{},[37,36884,36886],{"className":39,"code":36885,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36887,36888,36894,36900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36889,36890,36892],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36891,3175],{"class":64},[46,36893,36037],{"class":52},[46,36895,36896,36898],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36897,2243],{"class":64},[46,36899,36044],{"class":52},[46,36901,36902,36904],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36903,2249],{"class":64},[46,36905,36051],{"class":52},[20,36907,36908],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36910,36911],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[32,36913,25525],{"id":25524},[20,36915,25528,36916,507],{},[15,36917,35919],{},[283,36919,36921],{"id":36920},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36923,36924],{},"In this loop:",[37,36926,36928],{"className":39,"code":36927,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36929,36930,36950,36954,36974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,36931,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,36933,53],{"class":52},[46,36935,57],{"class":56},[46,36937,61],{"class":60},[46,36939,1494],{"class":64},[46,36941,68],{"class":60},[46,36943,7962],{"class":64},[46,36945,68],{"class":60},[46,36947,7967],{"class":64},[46,36949,84],{"class":60},[46,36951,36952],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,36953,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,36955,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,36957,6129],{"class":1595},[46,36959,35991],{"class":52},[46,36961,68],{"class":60},[46,36963,21751],{"class":52},[46,36965,1602],{"class":1595},[46,36967,36001],{"class":90},[46,36969,94],{"class":60},[46,36971,103],{"class":102},[46,36973,8514],{"class":60},[46,36975,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984,36986],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,36977,8240],{"class":90},[46,36979,94],{"class":60},[46,36981,36016],{"class":102},[46,36983,68],{"class":60},[46,36985,8605],{"class":102},[46,36987,215],{"class":60},[172,36989,36990,37000],{},[175,36991,36992,4958,36994,2374,36996,2374,36998],{},[15,36993,36016],{},[15,36995,554],{},[15,36997,3175],{},[15,36999,2243],{},[175,37001,37002,4958,37004,2374,37006,2374,37008],{},[15,37003,2659],{},[15,37005,1494],{},[15,37007,1501],{},[15,37009,37010],{},"30",[20,37012,37013],{},"These are different things.",[283,37015,37017],{"id":37016},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,37019,37020,37021,37023],{},"Each item from ",[15,37022,35919],{}," is a pair.",[20,37025,6860],{},[37,37027,37029],{"className":39,"code":37028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,37030,37031,37055,37059,37079],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37032,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37034,1398],{"class":52},[46,37036,57],{"class":56},[46,37038,61],{"class":60},[46,37040,427],{"class":426},[46,37042,1589],{"class":430},[46,37044,427],{"class":426},[46,37046,68],{"class":60},[46,37048,438],{"class":426},[46,37050,11914],{"class":430},[46,37052,427],{"class":426},[46,37054,84],{"class":60},[46,37056,37057],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37058,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,37060,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37062,6129],{"class":1595},[46,37064,36298],{"class":52},[46,37066,68],{"class":60},[46,37068,6132],{"class":52},[46,37070,1602],{"class":1595},[46,37072,36001],{"class":90},[46,37074,94],{"class":60},[46,37076,1415],{"class":102},[46,37078,8514],{"class":60},[46,37080,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,37082,8240],{"class":90},[46,37084,94],{"class":60},[46,37086,36323],{"class":102},[46,37088,68],{"class":60},[46,37090,29674],{"class":102},[46,37092,215],{"class":60},[20,37094,37095],{},"But this causes an error:",[37,37097,37099],{"className":39,"code":37098,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37100,37101,37125,37129,37154],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37102,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121,37123],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37104,1398],{"class":52},[46,37106,57],{"class":56},[46,37108,61],{"class":60},[46,37110,427],{"class":426},[46,37112,1589],{"class":430},[46,37114,427],{"class":426},[46,37116,68],{"class":60},[46,37118,438],{"class":426},[46,37120,11914],{"class":430},[46,37122,427],{"class":426},[46,37124,84],{"class":60},[46,37126,37127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37128,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,37130,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37144,37146,37148,37150,37152],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37132,6129],{"class":1595},[46,37134,36298],{"class":52},[46,37136,68],{"class":60},[46,37138,29674],{"class":52},[46,37140,68],{"class":60},[46,37142,37143],{"class":52}," extra ",[46,37145,1602],{"class":1595},[46,37147,36001],{"class":90},[46,37149,94],{"class":60},[46,37151,1415],{"class":102},[46,37153,8514],{"class":60},[46,37155,37156,37158,37160,37162,37164,37166,37168,37171],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,37157,8240],{"class":90},[46,37159,94],{"class":60},[46,37161,36323],{"class":102},[46,37163,68],{"class":60},[46,37165,29674],{"class":102},[46,37167,68],{"class":60},[46,37169,37170],{"class":102}," extra",[46,37172,215],{"class":60},[20,37174,29228,37175,37177],{},[15,37176,35919],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[283,37179,37181,37183],{"id":37180},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37182,35919],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37185,37186],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37188,37189],{},"Example with a string:",[37,37191,37193],{"className":39,"code":37192,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37194,37195,37220],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37196,37197,37199,37201,37203,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37198,6129],{"class":1595},[46,37200,35991],{"class":52},[46,37202,68],{"class":60},[46,37204,37205],{"class":52}," char ",[46,37207,1602],{"class":1595},[46,37209,36001],{"class":90},[46,37211,94],{"class":60},[46,37213,427],{"class":426},[46,37215,934],{"class":430},[46,37217,427],{"class":426},[46,37219,8514],{"class":60},[46,37221,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37233],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37223,8240],{"class":90},[46,37225,94],{"class":60},[46,37227,36016],{"class":102},[46,37229,68],{"class":60},[46,37231,37232],{"class":102}," char",[46,37234,215],{"class":60},[20,37236,143],{},[37,37238,37240],{"className":39,"code":37239,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37241,37242,37248,37254],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37243,37244,37246],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37245,554],{"class":64},[46,37247,36358],{"class":52},[46,37249,37250,37252],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37251,3175],{"class":64},[46,37253,36344],{"class":52},[46,37255,37256,37258],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37257,2243],{"class":64},[46,37259,37260],{"class":52}," t\n",[20,37262,37263,37264,507],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[501,37265,5310],{"href":5758},[283,37267,37269],{"id":37268},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37271,37272,37273,507],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37274,35919],{},[20,37276,37277,37278,37280],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37279,6129],{}," loop:",[37,37282,37284],{"className":39,"code":37283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37285,37286,37318,37322,37334],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37287,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37289,13243],{"class":52},[46,37291,57],{"class":56},[46,37293,61],{"class":60},[46,37295,427],{"class":426},[46,37297,13260],{"class":430},[46,37299,427],{"class":426},[46,37301,68],{"class":60},[46,37303,438],{"class":426},[46,37305,17622],{"class":430},[46,37307,427],{"class":426},[46,37309,68],{"class":60},[46,37311,438],{"class":426},[46,37313,13277],{"class":430},[46,37315,427],{"class":426},[46,37317,84],{"class":60},[46,37319,37320],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37321,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,37323,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37325,6129],{"class":1595},[46,37327,35996],{"class":52},[46,37329,1602],{"class":1595},[46,37331,13291],{"class":52},[46,37333,6566],{"class":60},[46,37335,37336,37338,37340,37342],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,37337,8240],{"class":90},[46,37339,94],{"class":60},[46,37341,33059],{"class":102},[46,37343,215],{"class":60},[20,37345,37346],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[32,37348,1834],{"id":1833},[20,37350,37351],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[172,37353,37354,37359,37365,37370],{},[175,37355,23268,37356,37358],{},[15,37357,35919],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[175,37360,37361,37362,37364],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37363,554],{}," by default",[175,37366,578,37367,37369],{},[15,37368,35919],{}," when only values are needed",[175,37371,37372,37373,8876,37375],{},"Confusing ",[15,37374,35919],{},[15,37376,36367],{},[20,37378,37379],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[37,37381,37383],{"className":39,"code":37382,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37384,37385,37407,37434,37468,37501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37386,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37388,91],{"class":90},[46,37390,94],{"class":60},[46,37392,36211],{"class":90},[46,37394,3172],{"class":60},[46,37396,1494],{"class":64},[46,37398,68],{"class":60},[46,37400,7962],{"class":64},[46,37402,68],{"class":60},[46,37404,7967],{"class":64},[46,37406,3186],{"class":60},[46,37408,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37410,91],{"class":90},[46,37412,94],{"class":60},[46,37414,8265],{"class":1270},[46,37416,94],{"class":60},[46,37418,36211],{"class":90},[46,37420,3172],{"class":60},[46,37422,1494],{"class":64},[46,37424,68],{"class":60},[46,37426,7962],{"class":64},[46,37428,68],{"class":60},[46,37430,7967],{"class":64},[46,37432,37433],{"class":60},"])))\n",[46,37435,37436,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446,37448,37450,37452,37454,37456,37458,37460,37462,37464,37466],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37437,91],{"class":90},[46,37439,94],{"class":60},[46,37441,8265],{"class":1270},[46,37443,94],{"class":60},[46,37445,36211],{"class":90},[46,37447,3172],{"class":60},[46,37449,1494],{"class":64},[46,37451,68],{"class":60},[46,37453,7962],{"class":64},[46,37455,68],{"class":60},[46,37457,7967],{"class":64},[46,37459,18229],{"class":60},[46,37461,36220],{"class":254},[46,37463,57],{"class":56},[46,37465,3175],{"class":64},[46,37467,3099],{"class":60},[46,37469,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,37471,6129],{"class":1595},[46,37473,36298],{"class":52},[46,37475,68],{"class":60},[46,37477,21751],{"class":52},[46,37479,1602],{"class":1595},[46,37481,36001],{"class":90},[46,37483,3172],{"class":60},[46,37485,1188],{"class":426},[46,37487,501],{"class":430},[46,37489,1188],{"class":426},[46,37491,68],{"class":60},[46,37493,1197],{"class":426},[46,37495,4935],{"class":430},[46,37497,1188],{"class":426},[46,37499,37500],{"class":60},"]):\n",[46,37502,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,37504,8240],{"class":90},[46,37506,94],{"class":60},[46,37508,36323],{"class":102},[46,37510,68],{"class":60},[46,37512,8605],{"class":102},[46,37514,215],{"class":60},[20,37516,17124],{},[37,37518,37520],{"className":39,"code":37519,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37521,37522,37541,37573,37605,37611],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37523,37524,37526,37528,37530,37533,37537,37539],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37525,3476],{"class":56},[46,37527,36211],{"class":90},[46,37529,24785],{"class":1270},[46,37531,37532],{"class":52}," at ",[46,37534,37536],{"class":37535},"srjyR","0x",[46,37538,260],{"class":34622},[46,37540,3488],{"class":56},[46,37542,37543,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37544,21907],{"class":60},[46,37546,554],{"class":64},[46,37548,68],{"class":60},[46,37550,6176],{"class":64},[46,37552,9403],{"class":60},[46,37554,9406],{"class":60},[46,37556,3175],{"class":64},[46,37558,68],{"class":60},[46,37560,7962],{"class":64},[46,37562,9403],{"class":60},[46,37564,9406],{"class":60},[46,37566,2243],{"class":64},[46,37568,68],{"class":60},[46,37570,7967],{"class":64},[46,37572,9419],{"class":60},[46,37574,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601,37603],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37576,21907],{"class":60},[46,37578,3175],{"class":64},[46,37580,68],{"class":60},[46,37582,6176],{"class":64},[46,37584,9403],{"class":60},[46,37586,9406],{"class":60},[46,37588,2243],{"class":64},[46,37590,68],{"class":60},[46,37592,7962],{"class":64},[46,37594,9403],{"class":60},[46,37596,9406],{"class":60},[46,37598,2249],{"class":64},[46,37600,68],{"class":60},[46,37602,7967],{"class":64},[46,37604,9419],{"class":60},[46,37606,37607,37609],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,37608,554],{"class":64},[46,37610,36344],{"class":52},[46,37612,37613,37615],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,37614,3175],{"class":64},[46,37616,36351],{"class":52},[32,37618,1991],{"id":1990},[283,37620,1995,37622,1998],{"id":37621},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37623,35919],{},[20,37625,37626],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[283,37628,12872,37630,37632],{"id":37629},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37631,35919],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37634,37635,37636,37638,37639,37642],{},"It starts at ",[15,37637,554],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37640,37641],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[283,37644,21588,37646,11260,37648,2035],{"id":37645},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37647,35919],{},[15,37649,37650],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37652,36762,37653,37655],{},[15,37654,35919],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[283,37657,2005,37659,37661],{"id":37658},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37660,35919],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37663,37664,37665,37667],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37666,35919],{}," can return each character with its index.",[32,37669,2065],{"id":2064},[172,37671,37672,37676,37682,37689],{},[175,37673,37674],{},[501,37675,36197],{"href":36196},[175,37677,37678],{},[501,37679,13,37680,506],{"href":36364},[15,37681,36367],{},[175,37683,37684],{},[501,37685,37686,37687,36778],{"href":36774},"How to use ",[15,37688,35919],{},[175,37690,37691],{},[501,37692,5387],{"href":5758},[2103,37694,37695],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":37697},[37698,37699,37701,37702,37704,37706,37708,37715,37716,37726],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":36059,"depth":87,"text":37700},"What enumerate() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":36370,"depth":87,"text":37703},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36585,"depth":87,"text":37705},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36781,"depth":87,"text":37707},"Using the start argument",{"id":25524,"depth":87,"text":25525,"children":37709},[37710,37711,37712,37714],{"id":36920,"depth":109,"text":36921},{"id":37016,"depth":109,"text":37017},{"id":37180,"depth":109,"text":37713},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37268,"depth":109,"text":37269},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":37717},[37718,37720,37722,37724],{"id":37621,"depth":109,"text":37719},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37629,"depth":109,"text":37721},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37645,"depth":109,"text":37723},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37658,"depth":109,"text":37725},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35911,"description":37727},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37734,"title":37735,"body":37736,"description":40249,"extension":2150,"meta":40250,"navigation":112,"path":40251,"seo":40252,"stem":40253,"__hash__":40254},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37737,"toc":40206},[37738,37744,37749,37752,37760,37774,37776,37865,37873,37878,37883,37885,37901,37903,37982,37984,38001,38007,38011,38013,38034,38038,38041,38053,38057,38060,38063,38080,38083,38159,38161,38178,38183,38187,38195,38198,38213,38215,38304,38306,38351,38354,38358,38361,38440,38442,38464,38467,38474,38479,38482,38584,38586,38611,38614,38621,38627,38632,38635,38646,38752,38754,38775,38783,38790,38796,38815,38820,38823,38842,38844,38929,38931,38960,38963,38968,38973,38976,38987,38989,39078,39080,39100,39106,39212,39214,39234,39237,39321,39323,39343,39350,39352,39356,39362,39365,39422,39425,39428,39489,39498,39501,39504,39532,39535,39595,39597,39614,39618,39621,39699,39701,39721,39724,39799,39803,39806,39808,39817,39822,39824,39875,39883,39895,39900,39961,39963,39980,39984,40047,40049,40074,40082,40084,40090,40096,40103,40111,40117,40120,40127,40137,40143,40149,40152,40169,40175,40177,40203],[10,37739,13,37741,18],{"id":37740},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37742,37743],{},"filter()",[20,37745,37746,37748],{},[15,37747,37743],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37750,37751],{},"It takes:",[172,37753,37754,37757],{},[175,37755,37756],{},"a function that checks each item",[175,37758,37759],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37761,37762,37763,37766,37767,37770,37771,37773],{},"The result is ",[3924,37764,37765],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37768,37769],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37772,24948],{}," to see the values.",[32,37775,35],{"id":34},[37,37777,37779],{"className":39,"code":37778,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37780,37781,37814,37848],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37782,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37812],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37784,53],{"class":52},[46,37786,57],{"class":56},[46,37788,61],{"class":60},[46,37790,3175],{"class":64},[46,37792,68],{"class":60},[46,37794,71],{"class":64},[46,37796,68],{"class":60},[46,37798,312],{"class":64},[46,37800,68],{"class":60},[46,37802,2643],{"class":64},[46,37804,68],{"class":60},[46,37806,1508],{"class":64},[46,37808,68],{"class":60},[46,37810,37811],{"class":64}," 6",[46,37813,84],{"class":60},[46,37815,37816,37818,37820,37823,37825,37827,37830,37832,37834,37836,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37817,2416],{"class":52},[46,37819,57],{"class":56},[46,37821,37822],{"class":90}," filter",[46,37824,94],{"class":60},[46,37826,1141],{"class":1140},[46,37828,37829],{"class":1144}," x",[46,37831,198],{"class":60},[46,37833,1599],{"class":102},[46,37835,6576],{"class":56},[46,37837,71],{"class":64},[46,37839,6581],{"class":56},[46,37841,4015],{"class":64},[46,37843,68],{"class":60},[46,37845,4437],{"class":102},[46,37847,215],{"class":60},[46,37849,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37851,91],{"class":90},[46,37853,94],{"class":60},[46,37855,8265],{"class":1270},[46,37857,94],{"class":60},[46,37859,2451],{"class":102},[46,37861,5533],{"class":60},[46,37863,37864],{"class":3845},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37866,37867,37869,37870,37872],{},[15,37868,37743],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37871,24948],{}," to see the results.",[32,37874,167,37876,170],{"id":37875},"what-filter-does",[15,37877,37743],{},[20,37879,37880,37882],{},[15,37881,37743],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37884,2293],{},[172,37886,37887,37890,37896],{},[175,37888,37889],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[175,37891,37892,37893,37895],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37894,3787],{},", the item is kept",[175,37897,37892,37898,37900],{},[15,37899,3856],{},", the item is removed",[20,37902,2393],{},[37,37904,37906],{"className":39,"code":37905,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37907,37908,37936,37940,37968],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37909,37910,37912,37914,37916,37918,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37911,53],{"class":52},[46,37913,57],{"class":56},[46,37915,61],{"class":60},[46,37917,3175],{"class":64},[46,37919,68],{"class":60},[46,37921,71],{"class":64},[46,37923,68],{"class":60},[46,37925,312],{"class":64},[46,37927,68],{"class":60},[46,37929,2643],{"class":64},[46,37931,68],{"class":60},[46,37933,1508],{"class":64},[46,37935,84],{"class":60},[46,37937,37938],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,37939,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,37941,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37952,37954,37956,37958,37960,37962,37964,37966],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,37943,2416],{"class":52},[46,37945,57],{"class":56},[46,37947,37822],{"class":90},[46,37949,94],{"class":60},[46,37951,1141],{"class":1140},[46,37953,37829],{"class":1144},[46,37955,198],{"class":60},[46,37957,1599],{"class":102},[46,37959,4426],{"class":56},[46,37961,312],{"class":64},[46,37963,68],{"class":60},[46,37965,4437],{"class":102},[46,37967,215],{"class":60},[46,37969,37970,37972,37974,37976,37978,37980],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,37971,91],{"class":90},[46,37973,94],{"class":60},[46,37975,8265],{"class":1270},[46,37977,94],{"class":60},[46,37979,2451],{"class":102},[46,37981,106],{"class":60},[20,37983,143],{},[37,37985,37987],{"className":39,"code":37986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37988,37989],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,37990,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,37992,1152],{"class":60},[46,37994,2691],{"class":64},[46,37996,68],{"class":60},[46,37998,1508],{"class":64},[46,38000,84],{"class":60},[20,38002,38003,38004,38006],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,38005,2249],{}," are kept.",[32,38008,38010],{"id":38009},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,38012,2346],{},[37,38014,38016],{"className":39,"code":38015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,38017,38018],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38019,38020,38022,38024,38027,38029,38032],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38021,37769],{"class":90},[46,38023,94],{"class":60},[46,38025,38026],{"class":102},"function",[46,38028,68],{"class":60},[46,38030,38031],{"class":102}," iterable",[46,38033,215],{"class":60},[283,38035,38036],{"id":38026},[15,38037,38026],{},[20,38039,38040],{},"This is the test function.",[172,38042,38043,38046],{},[175,38044,38045],{},"It receives one item at a time",[175,38047,38048,38049,3065,38051],{},"It should return ",[15,38050,3787],{},[15,38052,3856],{},[283,38054,38055],{"id":212},[15,38056,212],{},[20,38058,38059],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38061,38062],{},"It can be:",[172,38064,38065,38068,38071,38074,38077],{},[175,38066,38067],{},"a list",[175,38069,38070],{},"a tuple",[175,38072,38073],{},"a string",[175,38075,38076],{},"a set",[175,38078,38079],{},"another iterable object",[20,38081,38082],{},"Example with a tuple:",[37,38084,38086],{"className":39,"code":38085,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38087,38088,38113,38117,38145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38089,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38103,38105,38107,38109,38111],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38091,53],{"class":52},[46,38093,57],{"class":56},[46,38095,9406],{"class":60},[46,38097,1494],{"class":64},[46,38099,68],{"class":60},[46,38101,38102],{"class":64}," 15",[46,38104,68],{"class":60},[46,38106,7962],{"class":64},[46,38108,68],{"class":60},[46,38110,9475],{"class":64},[46,38112,215],{"class":60},[46,38114,38115],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38116,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,38118,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,38120,2416],{"class":52},[46,38122,57],{"class":56},[46,38124,37822],{"class":90},[46,38126,94],{"class":60},[46,38128,1141],{"class":1140},[46,38130,37829],{"class":1144},[46,38132,198],{"class":60},[46,38134,1599],{"class":102},[46,38136,5272],{"class":56},[46,38138,7962],{"class":64},[46,38140,68],{"class":60},[46,38142,4437],{"class":102},[46,38144,215],{"class":60},[46,38146,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,38148,91],{"class":90},[46,38150,94],{"class":60},[46,38152,8265],{"class":1270},[46,38154,94],{"class":60},[46,38156,2451],{"class":102},[46,38158,106],{"class":60},[20,38160,143],{},[37,38162,38164],{"className":39,"code":38163,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38165,38166],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38167,38168,38170,38172,38174,38176],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38169,1152],{"class":60},[46,38171,1501],{"class":64},[46,38173,68],{"class":60},[46,38175,9475],{"class":64},[46,38177,84],{"class":60},[20,38179,38180,38181,507],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[501,38182,5310],{"href":5758},[32,38184,38186],{"id":38185},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38188,38189,38190,22142,38192,507],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38191,37743],{},[3924,38193,38194],{},"filter object",[20,38196,38197],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[172,38199,38200,38203,38208],{},[175,38201,38202],{},"loop through it",[175,38204,38205,38206],{},"convert it with ",[15,38207,24948],{},[175,38209,38205,38210],{},[15,38211,38212],{},"tuple()",[20,38214,2393],{},[37,38216,38218],{"className":39,"code":38217,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38219,38220,38262,38266,38276,38290],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38221,38222,38224,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258,38260],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38223,2416],{"class":52},[46,38225,57],{"class":56},[46,38227,37822],{"class":90},[46,38229,94],{"class":60},[46,38231,1141],{"class":1140},[46,38233,37829],{"class":1144},[46,38235,198],{"class":60},[46,38237,1599],{"class":102},[46,38239,4426],{"class":56},[46,38241,71],{"class":64},[46,38243,68],{"class":60},[46,38245,61],{"class":60},[46,38247,3175],{"class":64},[46,38249,68],{"class":60},[46,38251,71],{"class":64},[46,38253,68],{"class":60},[46,38255,312],{"class":64},[46,38257,68],{"class":60},[46,38259,2643],{"class":64},[46,38261,1161],{"class":60},[46,38263,38264],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38265,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,38267,38268,38270,38272,38274],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,38269,91],{"class":90},[46,38271,94],{"class":60},[46,38273,2451],{"class":102},[46,38275,215],{"class":60},[46,38277,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,38279,91],{"class":90},[46,38281,94],{"class":60},[46,38283,1889],{"class":1270},[46,38285,94],{"class":60},[46,38287,2451],{"class":102},[46,38289,106],{"class":60},[46,38291,38292,38294,38296,38298,38300,38302],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,38293,91],{"class":90},[46,38295,94],{"class":60},[46,38297,8265],{"class":1270},[46,38299,94],{"class":60},[46,38301,2451],{"class":102},[46,38303,106],{"class":60},[20,38305,143],{},[37,38307,38309],{"className":39,"code":38308,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38310,38311,38325,38339],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38312,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38314,3476],{"class":56},[46,38316,37769],{"class":90},[46,38318,24785],{"class":1270},[46,38320,37532],{"class":52},[46,38322,260],{"class":34622},[46,38324,3488],{"class":56},[46,38326,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38328,3476],{"class":56},[46,38330,3479],{"class":1140},[46,38332,1197],{"class":426},[46,38334,37769],{"class":430},[46,38336,1188],{"class":426},[46,38338,3488],{"class":56},[46,38340,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,38342,1152],{"class":60},[46,38344,2249],{"class":64},[46,38346,68],{"class":60},[46,38348,2643],{"class":64},[46,38350,84],{"class":60},[20,38352,38353],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[283,38355,38357],{"id":38356},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38359,38360],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[37,38362,38364],{"className":39,"code":38363,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38365,38366,38408,38412,38426],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38367,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388,38390,38392,38394,38396,38398,38400,38402,38404,38406],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38369,2416],{"class":52},[46,38371,57],{"class":56},[46,38373,37822],{"class":90},[46,38375,94],{"class":60},[46,38377,1141],{"class":1140},[46,38379,37829],{"class":1144},[46,38381,198],{"class":60},[46,38383,1599],{"class":102},[46,38385,4426],{"class":56},[46,38387,71],{"class":64},[46,38389,68],{"class":60},[46,38391,61],{"class":60},[46,38393,3175],{"class":64},[46,38395,68],{"class":60},[46,38397,71],{"class":64},[46,38399,68],{"class":60},[46,38401,312],{"class":64},[46,38403,68],{"class":60},[46,38405,2643],{"class":64},[46,38407,1161],{"class":60},[46,38409,38410],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38411,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,38413,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,38415,91],{"class":90},[46,38417,94],{"class":60},[46,38419,8265],{"class":1270},[46,38421,94],{"class":60},[46,38423,2451],{"class":102},[46,38425,106],{"class":60},[46,38427,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,38429,91],{"class":90},[46,38431,94],{"class":60},[46,38433,8265],{"class":1270},[46,38435,94],{"class":60},[46,38437,2451],{"class":102},[46,38439,106],{"class":60},[20,38441,143],{},[37,38443,38445],{"className":39,"code":38444,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38446,38447,38459],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38448,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38450,1152],{"class":60},[46,38452,2249],{"class":64},[46,38454,68],{"class":60},[46,38456,2643],{"class":64},[46,38458,84],{"class":60},[46,38460,38461],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38462,38463],{"class":60},"[]\n",[20,38465,38466],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[32,38468,578,38470,8876,38472],{"id":38469},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38471,37743],{},[15,38473,1141],{},[20,38475,15355,38476,38478],{},[15,38477,1141],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38480,38481],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[37,38483,38485],{"className":39,"code":38484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38486,38487,38528,38532,38570],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38488,38489,38491,38493,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38524,38526],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38490,419],{"class":52},[46,38492,57],{"class":56},[46,38494,61],{"class":60},[46,38496,427],{"class":426},[46,38498,756],{"class":430},[46,38500,427],{"class":426},[46,38502,68],{"class":60},[46,38504,438],{"class":426},[46,38506,441],{"class":430},[46,38508,427],{"class":426},[46,38510,68],{"class":60},[46,38512,438],{"class":426},[46,38514,450],{"class":430},[46,38516,427],{"class":426},[46,38518,68],{"class":60},[46,38520,438],{"class":426},[46,38522,38523],{"class":430},"fig",[46,38525,427],{"class":426},[46,38527,84],{"class":60},[46,38529,38530],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38531,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,38533,38534,38536,38538,38540,38542,38544,38547,38549,38552,38554,38557,38559,38562,38564,38566,38568],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,38535,2416],{"class":52},[46,38537,57],{"class":56},[46,38539,37822],{"class":90},[46,38541,94],{"class":60},[46,38543,1141],{"class":1140},[46,38545,38546],{"class":1144}," word",[46,38548,198],{"class":60},[46,38550,38551],{"class":90}," len",[46,38553,94],{"class":60},[46,38555,38556],{"class":102},"word",[46,38558,1592],{"class":60},[46,38560,38561],{"class":56}," >",[46,38563,2643],{"class":64},[46,38565,68],{"class":60},[46,38567,6340],{"class":102},[46,38569,215],{"class":60},[46,38571,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,38573,91],{"class":90},[46,38575,94],{"class":60},[46,38577,8265],{"class":1270},[46,38579,94],{"class":60},[46,38581,2451],{"class":102},[46,38583,106],{"class":60},[20,38585,143],{},[37,38587,38589],{"className":39,"code":38588,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38590,38591],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38592,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38594,1152],{"class":60},[46,38596,1188],{"class":426},[46,38598,756],{"class":430},[46,38600,1188],{"class":426},[46,38602,68],{"class":60},[46,38604,1197],{"class":426},[46,38606,450],{"class":430},[46,38608,1188],{"class":426},[46,38610,84],{"class":60},[20,38612,38613],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38615,38616,38617,507],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[501,38618,38620],{"href":38619},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[32,38622,578,38624,38626],{"id":38623},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38625,37743],{}," with a named function",[20,38628,38629,38630,507],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38631,1141],{},[20,38633,38634],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[172,38636,38637,38640,38643],{},[175,38638,38639],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[175,38641,38642],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[175,38644,38645],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[37,38647,38649],{"className":39,"code":38648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38650,38651,38664,38679,38683,38715,38734,38738],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38652,38653,38655,38658,38660,38662],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38654,35020],{"class":1140},[46,38656,38657],{"class":35023}," is_even",[46,38659,94],{"class":60},[46,38661,2426],{"class":1144},[46,38663,8514],{"class":60},[46,38665,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38667,35031],{"class":1595},[46,38669,6559],{"class":52},[46,38671,6576],{"class":56},[46,38673,71],{"class":64},[46,38675,6581],{"class":56},[46,38677,38678],{"class":64}," 0\n",[46,38680,38681],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,38682,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,38684,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,38686,53],{"class":52},[46,38688,57],{"class":56},[46,38690,61],{"class":60},[46,38692,3175],{"class":64},[46,38694,68],{"class":60},[46,38696,71],{"class":64},[46,38698,68],{"class":60},[46,38700,312],{"class":64},[46,38702,68],{"class":60},[46,38704,2643],{"class":64},[46,38706,68],{"class":60},[46,38708,1508],{"class":64},[46,38710,68],{"class":60},[46,38712,37811],{"class":64},[46,38714,84],{"class":60},[46,38716,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38728,38730,38732],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,38718,2416],{"class":52},[46,38720,57],{"class":56},[46,38722,37822],{"class":90},[46,38724,94],{"class":60},[46,38726,38727],{"class":102},"is_even",[46,38729,68],{"class":60},[46,38731,4437],{"class":102},[46,38733,215],{"class":60},[46,38735,38736],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,38737,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,38739,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,38741,91],{"class":90},[46,38743,94],{"class":60},[46,38745,8265],{"class":1270},[46,38747,94],{"class":60},[46,38749,2451],{"class":102},[46,38751,106],{"class":60},[20,38753,143],{},[37,38755,38757],{"className":39,"code":38756,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38758,38759],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38760,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38762,1152],{"class":60},[46,38764,2243],{"class":64},[46,38766,68],{"class":60},[46,38768,2643],{"class":64},[46,38770,68],{"class":60},[46,38772,37811],{"class":64},[46,38774,84],{"class":60},[20,38776,20938,38777,2583,38780,38782],{},[15,38778,38779],{},"is_even()",[15,38781,3787],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[32,38784,578,38786,8876,38788],{"id":38785},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38787,1326],{},[15,38789,37743],{},[20,38791,38792,38793,38795],{},"You can pass ",[15,38794,1326],{}," as the first argument:",[37,38797,38799],{"className":39,"code":38798,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38800,38801],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38802,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38804,37769],{"class":90},[46,38806,94],{"class":60},[46,38808,1326],{"class":1325},[46,38810,68],{"class":60},[46,38812,38031],{"class":102},[46,38814,215],{"class":60},[20,38816,38817,38818,7513],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3924,38819,5768],{},[20,38821,38822],{},"Falsy values include:",[172,38824,38825,38829,38834,38838],{},[175,38826,38827],{},[15,38828,554],{},[175,38830,38831,38833],{},[15,38832,3955],{}," (empty string)",[175,38835,38836],{},[15,38837,1326],{},[175,38839,38840],{},[15,38841,3856],{},[20,38843,2393],{},[37,38845,38847],{"className":39,"code":38846,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38848,38849,38893,38897,38915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38850,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38852,1398],{"class":52},[46,38854,57],{"class":56},[46,38856,61],{"class":60},[46,38858,554],{"class":64},[46,38860,68],{"class":60},[46,38862,81],{"class":64},[46,38864,68],{"class":60},[46,38866,6298],{"class":426},[46,38868,68],{"class":60},[46,38870,438],{"class":426},[46,38872,4027],{"class":430},[46,38874,427],{"class":426},[46,38876,68],{"class":60},[46,38878,4034],{"class":1325},[46,38880,68],{"class":60},[46,38882,4093],{"class":1325},[46,38884,68],{"class":60},[46,38886,4084],{"class":1325},[46,38888,68],{"class":60},[46,38890,1508],{"class":64},[46,38892,84],{"class":60},[46,38894,38895],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,38896,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,38898,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,38900,2416],{"class":52},[46,38902,57],{"class":56},[46,38904,37822],{"class":90},[46,38906,94],{"class":60},[46,38908,1326],{"class":1325},[46,38910,68],{"class":60},[46,38912,6137],{"class":102},[46,38914,215],{"class":60},[46,38916,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,38918,91],{"class":90},[46,38920,94],{"class":60},[46,38922,8265],{"class":1270},[46,38924,94],{"class":60},[46,38926,2451],{"class":102},[46,38928,106],{"class":60},[20,38930,143],{},[37,38932,38934],{"className":39,"code":38933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38935,38936],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38937,38938,38940,38942,38944,38946,38948,38950,38952,38954,38956,38958],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38939,1152],{"class":60},[46,38941,3175],{"class":64},[46,38943,68],{"class":60},[46,38945,1197],{"class":426},[46,38947,4027],{"class":430},[46,38949,1188],{"class":426},[46,38951,68],{"class":60},[46,38953,4093],{"class":1325},[46,38955,68],{"class":60},[46,38957,1508],{"class":64},[46,38959,84],{"class":60},[20,38961,38962],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[32,38964,1794,38966],{"id":38965},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38967,37743],{},[20,38969,160,38970,38972],{},[15,38971,37743],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38974,38975],{},"It works well for:",[172,38977,38978,38981,38984],{},[175,38979,38980],{},"simple filtering rules",[175,38982,38983],{},"quick data cleaning",[175,38985,38986],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38988,2393],{},[37,38990,38992],{"className":39,"code":38991,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38993,38994,39026,39059,39063],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,38995,38996,38998,39000,39002,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,38997,53],{"class":52},[46,38999,57],{"class":56},[46,39001,61],{"class":60},[46,39003,3175],{"class":64},[46,39005,68],{"class":60},[46,39007,71],{"class":64},[46,39009,68],{"class":60},[46,39011,312],{"class":64},[46,39013,68],{"class":60},[46,39015,2643],{"class":64},[46,39017,68],{"class":60},[46,39019,1508],{"class":64},[46,39021,68],{"class":60},[46,39023,37811],{"class":64},[46,39025,84],{"class":60},[46,39027,39028,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39029,39030],{"class":52},"evens ",[46,39032,57],{"class":56},[46,39034,37822],{"class":90},[46,39036,94],{"class":60},[46,39038,1141],{"class":1140},[46,39040,37829],{"class":1144},[46,39042,198],{"class":60},[46,39044,1599],{"class":102},[46,39046,6576],{"class":56},[46,39048,71],{"class":64},[46,39050,6581],{"class":56},[46,39052,4015],{"class":64},[46,39054,68],{"class":60},[46,39056,4437],{"class":102},[46,39058,215],{"class":60},[46,39060,39061],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,39062,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,39064,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39076],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,39066,91],{"class":90},[46,39068,94],{"class":60},[46,39070,8265],{"class":1270},[46,39072,94],{"class":60},[46,39074,39075],{"class":102},"evens",[46,39077,106],{"class":60},[20,39079,143],{},[37,39081,39082],{"className":39,"code":38756,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,39083,39084],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39085,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39087,1152],{"class":60},[46,39089,2243],{"class":64},[46,39091,68],{"class":60},[46,39093,2643],{"class":64},[46,39095,68],{"class":60},[46,39097,37811],{"class":64},[46,39099,84],{"class":60},[20,39101,39102,39103,39105],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39104,6129],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[37,39107,39109],{"className":39,"code":39108,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39110,39111,39143,39151,39155,39167,39183,39198,39202],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39112,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39114,53],{"class":52},[46,39116,57],{"class":56},[46,39118,61],{"class":60},[46,39120,3175],{"class":64},[46,39122,68],{"class":60},[46,39124,71],{"class":64},[46,39126,68],{"class":60},[46,39128,312],{"class":64},[46,39130,68],{"class":60},[46,39132,2643],{"class":64},[46,39134,68],{"class":60},[46,39136,1508],{"class":64},[46,39138,68],{"class":60},[46,39140,37811],{"class":64},[46,39142,84],{"class":60},[46,39144,39145,39147,39149],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39146,39030],{"class":52},[46,39148,57],{"class":56},[46,39150,533],{"class":60},[46,39152,39153],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,39154,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,39156,39157,39159,39161,39163,39165],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,39158,6129],{"class":1595},[46,39160,6559],{"class":52},[46,39162,1602],{"class":1595},[46,39164,4437],{"class":52},[46,39166,6566],{"class":60},[46,39168,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,39170,6571],{"class":1595},[46,39172,6559],{"class":52},[46,39174,6576],{"class":56},[46,39176,71],{"class":64},[46,39178,6581],{"class":56},[46,39180,4015],{"class":64},[46,39182,6566],{"class":60},[46,39184,39185,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,39186,39187],{"class":52},"        evens",[46,39189,507],{"class":60},[46,39191,13720],{"class":102},[46,39193,94],{"class":60},[46,39195,2426],{"class":102},[46,39197,215],{"class":60},[46,39199,39200],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,39201,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,39203,39204,39206,39208,39210],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,39205,91],{"class":90},[46,39207,94],{"class":60},[46,39209,39075],{"class":102},[46,39211,215],{"class":60},[20,39213,143],{},[37,39215,39216],{"className":39,"code":38756,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,39217,39218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39219,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39221,1152],{"class":60},[46,39223,2243],{"class":64},[46,39225,68],{"class":60},[46,39227,2643],{"class":64},[46,39229,68],{"class":60},[46,39231,37811],{"class":64},[46,39233,84],{"class":60},[20,39235,39236],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[37,39238,39240],{"className":39,"code":39239,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39241,39242,39274,39307,39311],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39243,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39245,53],{"class":52},[46,39247,57],{"class":56},[46,39249,61],{"class":60},[46,39251,3175],{"class":64},[46,39253,68],{"class":60},[46,39255,71],{"class":64},[46,39257,68],{"class":60},[46,39259,312],{"class":64},[46,39261,68],{"class":60},[46,39263,2643],{"class":64},[46,39265,68],{"class":60},[46,39267,1508],{"class":64},[46,39269,68],{"class":60},[46,39271,37811],{"class":64},[46,39273,84],{"class":60},[46,39275,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39277,39030],{"class":52},[46,39279,57],{"class":56},[46,39281,61],{"class":60},[46,39283,2403],{"class":52},[46,39285,6129],{"class":1595},[46,39287,6559],{"class":52},[46,39289,1602],{"class":1595},[46,39291,39292],{"class":52}," numbers ",[46,39294,7170],{"class":1595},[46,39296,6559],{"class":52},[46,39298,6576],{"class":56},[46,39300,71],{"class":64},[46,39302,6581],{"class":56},[46,39304,4015],{"class":64},[46,39306,84],{"class":60},[46,39308,39309],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,39310,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,39312,39313,39315,39317,39319],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,39314,91],{"class":90},[46,39316,94],{"class":60},[46,39318,39075],{"class":102},[46,39320,215],{"class":60},[20,39322,143],{},[37,39324,39325],{"className":39,"code":38756,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,39326,39327],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39328,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339,39341],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39330,1152],{"class":60},[46,39332,2243],{"class":64},[46,39334,68],{"class":60},[46,39336,2643],{"class":64},[46,39338,68],{"class":60},[46,39340,37811],{"class":64},[46,39342,84],{"class":60},[20,39344,39345,39346,507],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[501,39347,39349],{"href":39348},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[32,39351,1834],{"id":1833},[20,39353,14900,39354,507],{},[15,39355,37743],{},[283,39357,1853,39359,39361],{"id":39358},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39360,37743],{}," to return a list",[20,39363,39364],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[37,39366,39368],{"className":39,"code":39367,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39369,39370,39412],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39371,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39373,2416],{"class":52},[46,39375,57],{"class":56},[46,39377,37822],{"class":90},[46,39379,94],{"class":60},[46,39381,1141],{"class":1140},[46,39383,37829],{"class":1144},[46,39385,198],{"class":60},[46,39387,1599],{"class":102},[46,39389,4426],{"class":56},[46,39391,71],{"class":64},[46,39393,68],{"class":60},[46,39395,61],{"class":60},[46,39397,3175],{"class":64},[46,39399,68],{"class":60},[46,39401,71],{"class":64},[46,39403,68],{"class":60},[46,39405,312],{"class":64},[46,39407,68],{"class":60},[46,39409,2643],{"class":64},[46,39411,1161],{"class":60},[46,39413,39414,39416,39418,39420],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39415,91],{"class":90},[46,39417,94],{"class":60},[46,39419,2451],{"class":102},[46,39421,215],{"class":60},[20,39423,39424],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39426,39427],{},"Fix:",[37,39429,39431],{"className":39,"code":39430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39432,39433,39475],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39434,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459,39461,39463,39465,39467,39469,39471,39473],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39436,2416],{"class":52},[46,39438,57],{"class":56},[46,39440,37822],{"class":90},[46,39442,94],{"class":60},[46,39444,1141],{"class":1140},[46,39446,37829],{"class":1144},[46,39448,198],{"class":60},[46,39450,1599],{"class":102},[46,39452,4426],{"class":56},[46,39454,71],{"class":64},[46,39456,68],{"class":60},[46,39458,61],{"class":60},[46,39460,3175],{"class":64},[46,39462,68],{"class":60},[46,39464,71],{"class":64},[46,39466,68],{"class":60},[46,39468,312],{"class":64},[46,39470,68],{"class":60},[46,39472,2643],{"class":64},[46,39474,1161],{"class":60},[46,39476,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39478,91],{"class":90},[46,39480,94],{"class":60},[46,39482,8265],{"class":1270},[46,39484,94],{"class":60},[46,39486,2451],{"class":102},[46,39488,106],{"class":60},[283,39490,39492,39493,3065,39495,39497],{"id":39491},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39494,3787],{},[15,39496,3856],{}," clearly",[20,39499,39500],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39502,39503],{},"Good example:",[37,39505,39507],{"className":39,"code":39506,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39508,39509,39522],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39510,39511,39513,39516,39518,39520],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39512,35020],{"class":1140},[46,39514,39515],{"class":35023}," is_positive",[46,39517,94],{"class":60},[46,39519,2426],{"class":1144},[46,39521,8514],{"class":60},[46,39523,39524,39526,39528,39530],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39525,35031],{"class":1595},[46,39527,6559],{"class":52},[46,39529,4426],{"class":56},[46,39531,38678],{"class":64},[20,39533,39534],{},"Then use it with:",[37,39536,39538],{"className":39,"code":39537,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39539,39540,39572],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39541,39542,39544,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39543,53],{"class":52},[46,39545,57],{"class":56},[46,39547,61],{"class":60},[46,39549,2208],{"class":56},[46,39551,2243],{"class":64},[46,39553,68],{"class":60},[46,39555,2408],{"class":56},[46,39557,3175],{"class":64},[46,39559,68],{"class":60},[46,39561,4015],{"class":64},[46,39563,68],{"class":60},[46,39565,81],{"class":64},[46,39567,68],{"class":60},[46,39569,71],{"class":64},[46,39571,84],{"class":60},[46,39573,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39589,39591,39593],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39575,91],{"class":90},[46,39577,94],{"class":60},[46,39579,8265],{"class":1270},[46,39581,94],{"class":60},[46,39583,37769],{"class":90},[46,39585,94],{"class":60},[46,39587,39588],{"class":102},"is_positive",[46,39590,68],{"class":60},[46,39592,4437],{"class":102},[46,39594,3099],{"class":60},[20,39596,143],{},[37,39598,39600],{"className":39,"code":39599,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39601,39602],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39603,39604,39606,39608,39610,39612],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39605,1152],{"class":60},[46,39607,3175],{"class":64},[46,39609,68],{"class":60},[46,39611,71],{"class":64},[46,39613,84],{"class":60},[283,39615,39617],{"id":39616},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39619,39620],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[37,39622,39623],{"className":39,"code":38363,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,39624,39625,39667,39671,39685],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39626,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655,39657,39659,39661,39663,39665],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39628,2416],{"class":52},[46,39630,57],{"class":56},[46,39632,37822],{"class":90},[46,39634,94],{"class":60},[46,39636,1141],{"class":1140},[46,39638,37829],{"class":1144},[46,39640,198],{"class":60},[46,39642,1599],{"class":102},[46,39644,4426],{"class":56},[46,39646,71],{"class":64},[46,39648,68],{"class":60},[46,39650,61],{"class":60},[46,39652,3175],{"class":64},[46,39654,68],{"class":60},[46,39656,71],{"class":64},[46,39658,68],{"class":60},[46,39660,312],{"class":64},[46,39662,68],{"class":60},[46,39664,2643],{"class":64},[46,39666,1161],{"class":60},[46,39668,39669],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39670,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,39672,39673,39675,39677,39679,39681,39683],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,39674,91],{"class":90},[46,39676,94],{"class":60},[46,39678,8265],{"class":1270},[46,39680,94],{"class":60},[46,39682,2451],{"class":102},[46,39684,106],{"class":60},[46,39686,39687,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,39688,91],{"class":90},[46,39690,94],{"class":60},[46,39692,8265],{"class":1270},[46,39694,94],{"class":60},[46,39696,2451],{"class":102},[46,39698,106],{"class":60},[20,39700,143],{},[37,39702,39703],{"className":39,"code":38444,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,39704,39705,39717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39706,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39708,1152],{"class":60},[46,39710,2249],{"class":64},[46,39712,68],{"class":60},[46,39714,2643],{"class":64},[46,39716,84],{"class":60},[46,39718,39719],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39720,38463],{"class":60},[20,39722,39723],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[37,39725,39727],{"className":39,"code":39726,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39728,39729,39775,39779,39789],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39730,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745,39747,39749,39751,39753,39755,39757,39759,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39732,2416],{"class":52},[46,39734,57],{"class":56},[46,39736,22727],{"class":1270},[46,39738,94],{"class":60},[46,39740,37769],{"class":90},[46,39742,94],{"class":60},[46,39744,1141],{"class":1140},[46,39746,37829],{"class":1144},[46,39748,198],{"class":60},[46,39750,1599],{"class":102},[46,39752,4426],{"class":56},[46,39754,71],{"class":64},[46,39756,68],{"class":60},[46,39758,61],{"class":60},[46,39760,3175],{"class":64},[46,39762,68],{"class":60},[46,39764,71],{"class":64},[46,39766,68],{"class":60},[46,39768,312],{"class":64},[46,39770,68],{"class":60},[46,39772,2643],{"class":64},[46,39774,3186],{"class":60},[46,39776,39777],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39778,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,39780,39781,39783,39785,39787],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,39782,91],{"class":90},[46,39784,94],{"class":60},[46,39786,2451],{"class":102},[46,39788,215],{"class":60},[46,39790,39791,39793,39795,39797],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,39792,91],{"class":90},[46,39794,94],{"class":60},[46,39796,2451],{"class":102},[46,39798,215],{"class":60},[283,39800,39802],{"id":39801},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39804,39805],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39807,16809],{},[37,39809,39811],{"className":39,"code":39810,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39812,39813],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39814,39815],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39816,39810],{"class":3845},[20,39818,39819,39820,6723],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39821,1494],{},[20,39823,16821],{},[37,39825,39827],{"className":39,"code":39826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39828,39829],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39830,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845,39847,39849,39851,39853,39855,39857,39859,39861,39863,39865,39867,39869,39871,39873],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39832,91],{"class":90},[46,39834,94],{"class":60},[46,39836,8265],{"class":1270},[46,39838,94],{"class":60},[46,39840,37769],{"class":90},[46,39842,94],{"class":60},[46,39844,1141],{"class":1140},[46,39846,37829],{"class":1144},[46,39848,198],{"class":60},[46,39850,1599],{"class":102},[46,39852,4426],{"class":56},[46,39854,71],{"class":64},[46,39856,68],{"class":60},[46,39858,61],{"class":60},[46,39860,3175],{"class":64},[46,39862,68],{"class":60},[46,39864,71],{"class":64},[46,39866,68],{"class":60},[46,39868,312],{"class":64},[46,39870,68],{"class":60},[46,39872,2643],{"class":64},[46,39874,37433],{"class":60},[283,39876,37372,39878,8876,39880],{"id":39877},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39879,37743],{},[15,39881,39882],{},"map()",[172,39884,39885,39890],{},[175,39886,39887,39889],{},[15,39888,37743],{}," keeps or removes items",[175,39891,39892,39894],{},[15,39893,39882],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39896,39897,39898,198],{},"Example of ",[15,39899,37743],{},[37,39901,39903],{"className":39,"code":39902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39904,39905,39929],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39906,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39908,53],{"class":52},[46,39910,57],{"class":56},[46,39912,61],{"class":60},[46,39914,3175],{"class":64},[46,39916,68],{"class":60},[46,39918,71],{"class":64},[46,39920,68],{"class":60},[46,39922,312],{"class":64},[46,39924,68],{"class":60},[46,39926,2643],{"class":64},[46,39928,84],{"class":60},[46,39930,39931,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945,39947,39949,39951,39953,39955,39957,39959],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,39932,91],{"class":90},[46,39934,94],{"class":60},[46,39936,8265],{"class":1270},[46,39938,94],{"class":60},[46,39940,37769],{"class":90},[46,39942,94],{"class":60},[46,39944,1141],{"class":1140},[46,39946,37829],{"class":1144},[46,39948,198],{"class":60},[46,39950,1599],{"class":102},[46,39952,4426],{"class":56},[46,39954,71],{"class":64},[46,39956,68],{"class":60},[46,39958,4437],{"class":102},[46,39960,3099],{"class":60},[20,39962,143],{},[37,39964,39966],{"className":39,"code":39965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39967,39968],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39969,39970,39972,39974,39976,39978],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39971,1152],{"class":60},[46,39973,2249],{"class":64},[46,39975,68],{"class":60},[46,39977,2643],{"class":64},[46,39979,84],{"class":60},[20,39981,39897,39982,198],{},[15,39983,39882],{},[37,39985,39987],{"className":39,"code":39986,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39988,39989,40013],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,39990,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40009,40011],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,39992,53],{"class":52},[46,39994,57],{"class":56},[46,39996,61],{"class":60},[46,39998,3175],{"class":64},[46,40000,68],{"class":60},[46,40002,71],{"class":64},[46,40004,68],{"class":60},[46,40006,312],{"class":64},[46,40008,68],{"class":60},[46,40010,2643],{"class":64},[46,40012,84],{"class":60},[46,40014,40015,40017,40019,40021,40023,40026,40028,40030,40032,40034,40036,40039,40041,40043,40045],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40016,91],{"class":90},[46,40018,94],{"class":60},[46,40020,8265],{"class":1270},[46,40022,94],{"class":60},[46,40024,40025],{"class":90},"map",[46,40027,94],{"class":60},[46,40029,1141],{"class":1140},[46,40031,37829],{"class":1144},[46,40033,198],{"class":60},[46,40035,1599],{"class":102},[46,40037,40038],{"class":56},"*",[46,40040,71],{"class":64},[46,40042,68],{"class":60},[46,40044,4437],{"class":102},[46,40046,3099],{"class":60},[20,40048,143],{},[37,40050,40052],{"className":39,"code":40051,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40053,40054],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40055,40056,40058,40060,40062,40064,40066,40068,40070,40072],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40057,1152],{"class":60},[46,40059,2243],{"class":64},[46,40061,68],{"class":60},[46,40063,2643],{"class":64},[46,40065,68],{"class":60},[46,40067,37811],{"class":64},[46,40069,68],{"class":60},[46,40071,6532],{"class":64},[46,40073,84],{"class":60},[20,40075,40076,40077,507],{},"For the related function, see ",[501,40078,13,40080,506],{"href":40079},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40081,39882],{},[32,40083,1991],{"id":1990},[283,40085,12872,40087,40089],{"id":40086},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40088,37743],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40091,40092,40093,40095],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40094,24948],{}," if needed.",[283,40097,40099,40100,40102],{"id":40098},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40101,37743],{}," need to return?",[20,40104,38048,40105,40107,40108,40110],{},[15,40106,3787],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40109,3856],{}," to remove it.",[283,40112,28496,40114,40116],{"id":40113},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40115,37743],{}," without lambda?",[20,40118,40119],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[283,40121,1995,40123,40126],{"id":40122},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40124,40125],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40128,40129,40130,40132,40133,17238,40135,507],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40131,554],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40134,1326],{},[15,40136,3856],{},[283,40138,21588,40140,40142],{"id":40139},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40141,37743],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40144,40145,40146,40148],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40147,6129],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40150,40151],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[172,40153,40154,40160,40166],{},[175,40155,40156,40157,40159],{},"use ",[15,40158,37743],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[175,40161,40162,40163,40165],{},"use a ",[15,40164,6129],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[175,40167,40168],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40170,40171,40172,507],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[501,40173,5306],{"href":40174},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[32,40176,2065],{"id":2064},[172,40178,40179,40184,40188,40193,40199],{},[175,40180,40181],{},[501,40182,40183],{"href":38619},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[175,40185,40186],{},[501,40187,5392],{"href":40174},[175,40189,40190],{},[501,40191,40192],{"href":39348},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[175,40194,40195],{},[501,40196,13,40197,506],{"href":40079},[15,40198,39882],{},[175,40200,40201],{},[501,40202,5387],{"href":5758},[2103,40204,40205],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":40207},[40208,40209,40211,40215,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226,40236,40248],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":37875,"depth":87,"text":40210},"What filter() does",{"id":38009,"depth":87,"text":38010,"children":40212},[40213,40214],{"id":38026,"depth":109,"text":38026},{"id":212,"depth":109,"text":212},{"id":38185,"depth":87,"text":38186,"children":40216},[40217],{"id":38356,"depth":109,"text":38357},{"id":38469,"depth":87,"text":40219},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38623,"depth":87,"text":40221},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38785,"depth":87,"text":40223},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38965,"depth":87,"text":40225},"When to use filter()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":40227},[40228,40230,40232,40233,40234],{"id":39358,"depth":109,"text":40229},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39491,"depth":109,"text":40231},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39616,"depth":109,"text":39617},{"id":39801,"depth":109,"text":39802},{"id":39877,"depth":109,"text":40235},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":40237},[40238,40240,40242,40244,40246],{"id":40086,"depth":109,"text":40239},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40098,"depth":109,"text":40241},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40113,"depth":109,"text":40243},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40122,"depth":109,"text":40245},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40139,"depth":109,"text":40247},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37735,"description":40249},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40256,"title":40257,"body":40258,"description":42409,"extension":2150,"meta":42410,"navigation":112,"path":42411,"seo":42412,"stem":42413,"__hash__":42414},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40259,"toc":42363},[40260,40263,40268,40274,40276,40328,40330,40349,40354,40358,40363,40366,40381,40384,40406,40408,40457,40459,40483,40485,40487,40502,40507,40515,40530,40532,40541,40544,40578,40582,40587,40591,40598,40633,40635,40651,40655,40658,40699,40701,40715,40719,40722,40746,40748,40757,40761,40764,40797,40799,40812,40816,40822,40841,40843,40851,40855,40860,40864,40869,40892,40894,40923,40926,40945,40949,40952,40979,40981,41015,41019,41022,41046,41050,41061,41063,41068,41074,41076,41160,41162,41204,41207,41211,41218,41227,41283,41290,41299,41304,41308,41379,41381,41390,41394,41397,41441,41443,41452,41456,41462,41512,41516,41521,41525,41549,41551,41560,41564,41588,41590,41601,41605,41629,41631,41640,41643,41660,41666,41670,41676,41679,41684,41687,41708,41710,41742,41745,41750,41752,41763,41765,41809,41813,41820,41872,41874,41883,41887,41890,41983,41986,42010,42014,42017,42109,42114,42118,42125,42130,42154,42156,42165,42170,42193,42195,42203,42210,42233,42241,42243,42256,42266,42268,42272,42279,42283,42292,42296,42303,42307,42311,42315,42328,42330,42360],[10,40261,40257],{"id":40262},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40264,9295,40265,40267],{},[15,40266,3071],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40269,40270,40271,40273],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40272,3071],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[32,40275,35],{"id":34},[37,40277,40279],{"className":39,"code":40278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40280,40281,40295,40314],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40282,40283,40285,40287,40289,40291,40293],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40284,91],{"class":90},[46,40286,94],{"class":60},[46,40288,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40290,94],{"class":60},[46,40292,65],{"class":64},[46,40294,106],{"class":60},[46,40296,40297,40299,40301,40303,40305,40307,40310,40312],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40298,91],{"class":90},[46,40300,94],{"class":60},[46,40302,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40304,94],{"class":60},[46,40306,427],{"class":426},[46,40308,40309],{"class":430},"3.14",[46,40311,427],{"class":426},[46,40313,106],{"class":60},[46,40315,40316,40318,40320,40322,40324,40326],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,40317,91],{"class":90},[46,40319,94],{"class":60},[46,40321,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40323,94],{"class":60},[46,40325,3787],{"class":1325},[46,40327,106],{"class":60},[20,40329,143],{},[37,40331,40333],{"className":39,"code":40332,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40334,40335,40339,40344],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40336,40337],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40338,2666],{"class":64},[46,40340,40341],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40342,40343],{"class":64},"3.14\n",[46,40345,40346],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,40347,40348],{"class":64},"1.0\n",[20,40350,160,40351,40353],{},[15,40352,3071],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[32,40355,40357],{"id":40356},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40359,40360,40362],{},[15,40361,3071],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40364,40365],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[172,40367,40368,40372,40376],{},[175,40369,40370],{},[15,40371,2678],{},[175,40373,40374],{},[15,40375,40309],{},[175,40377,40378],{},[15,40379,40380],{},"0.5",[20,40382,40383],{},"A few key points:",[172,40385,40386,40393,40396,40399],{},[175,40387,40388,40390,40391],{},[15,40389,3071],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40392,2377],{},[175,40394,40395],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[175,40397,40398],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[175,40400,40401,40402],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[501,40403,40404],{"href":8391},[15,40405,3144],{},[20,40407,2393],{},[37,40409,40411],{"className":39,"code":40410,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40412,40413,40433,40443],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40414,40415,40417,40419,40422,40424,40426,40429,40431],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40416,2403],{"class":52},[46,40418,57],{"class":56},[46,40420,40421],{"class":1270}," float",[46,40423,94],{"class":60},[46,40425,427],{"class":426},[46,40427,40428],{"class":430},"2.75",[46,40430,427],{"class":426},[46,40432,215],{"class":60},[46,40434,40435,40437,40439,40441],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40436,91],{"class":90},[46,40438,94],{"class":60},[46,40440,2426],{"class":102},[46,40442,215],{"class":60},[46,40444,40445,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,40446,91],{"class":90},[46,40448,94],{"class":60},[46,40450,1889],{"class":1270},[46,40452,94],{"class":60},[46,40454,2426],{"class":102},[46,40456,106],{"class":60},[20,40458,143],{},[37,40460,40462],{"className":39,"code":40461,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40463,40464,40469],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40465,40466],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40467,40468],{"class":64},"2.75\n",[46,40470,40471,40473,40475,40477,40479,40481],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40472,3476],{"class":56},[46,40474,3479],{"class":1140},[46,40476,1197],{"class":426},[46,40478,2377],{"class":430},[46,40480,1188],{"class":426},[46,40482,3488],{"class":56},[32,40484,2343],{"id":2342},[20,40486,7391],{},[37,40488,40490],{"className":39,"code":40489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"float(value)\n",[15,40491,40492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40493,40494,40496,40498,40500],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40495,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40497,94],{"class":60},[46,40499,2659],{"class":102},[46,40501,215],{"class":60},[20,40503,40504,40505,507],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40506,3071],{},[20,40508,40509,40510,40512,40513,198],{},"If you call ",[15,40511,3071],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40514,3950],{},[37,40516,40518],{"className":39,"code":40517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float())\n",[15,40519,40520],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40521,40522,40524,40526,40528],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40523,91],{"class":90},[46,40525,94],{"class":60},[46,40527,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40529,7367],{"class":60},[20,40531,143],{},[37,40533,40535],{"className":39,"code":40534,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0.0\n",[15,40536,40537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40538,40539],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40540,40534],{"class":64},[20,40542,40543],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[37,40545,40547],{"className":39,"code":40546,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40548,40549,40568],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40550,40551,40554,40556,40558,40560,40562,40564,40566],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40552,40553],{"class":52},"price ",[46,40555,57],{"class":56},[46,40557,40421],{"class":1270},[46,40559,94],{"class":60},[46,40561,427],{"class":426},[46,40563,666],{"class":430},[46,40565,427],{"class":426},[46,40567,215],{"class":60},[46,40569,40570,40572,40574,40576],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40571,91],{"class":90},[46,40573,94],{"class":60},[46,40575,25317],{"class":102},[46,40577,215],{"class":60},[32,40579,40581],{"id":40580},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40583,40584,40586],{},[15,40585,3071],{}," can convert several common value types.",[283,40588,40590],{"id":40589},"integers","Integers",[20,40592,40593,40594,40597],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40595,40596],{},".0"," added:",[37,40599,40601],{"className":39,"code":40600,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40602,40603,40617],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40604,40605,40607,40609,40611,40613,40615],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40606,91],{"class":90},[46,40608,94],{"class":60},[46,40610,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40612,94],{"class":60},[46,40614,65],{"class":64},[46,40616,106],{"class":60},[46,40618,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629,40631],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40620,91],{"class":90},[46,40622,94],{"class":60},[46,40624,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40626,94],{"class":60},[46,40628,2208],{"class":56},[46,40630,2243],{"class":64},[46,40632,106],{"class":60},[20,40634,143],{},[37,40636,40638],{"className":39,"code":40637,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40639,40640,40644],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40641,40642],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40643,2666],{"class":64},[46,40645,40646,40648],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40647,2208],{"class":56},[46,40649,40650],{"class":64},"2.0\n",[283,40652,40654],{"id":40653},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40656,40657],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[37,40659,40661],{"className":39,"code":40660,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40662,40663,40681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40664,40665,40667,40669,40671,40673,40675,40677,40679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40666,91],{"class":90},[46,40668,94],{"class":60},[46,40670,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40672,94],{"class":60},[46,40674,427],{"class":426},[46,40676,40309],{"class":430},[46,40678,427],{"class":426},[46,40680,106],{"class":60},[46,40682,40683,40685,40687,40689,40691,40693,40695,40697],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40684,91],{"class":90},[46,40686,94],{"class":60},[46,40688,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40690,94],{"class":60},[46,40692,427],{"class":426},[46,40694,1494],{"class":430},[46,40696,427],{"class":426},[46,40698,106],{"class":60},[20,40700,143],{},[37,40702,40704],{"className":39,"code":40703,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40705,40706,40710],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40707,40708],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40709,40343],{"class":64},[46,40711,40712],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40713,40714],{"class":64},"10.0\n",[283,40716,40718],{"id":40717},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40720,40721],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[37,40723,40725],{"className":39,"code":40724,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40726,40727],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40728,40729,40731,40733,40735,40737,40739,40742,40744],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40730,91],{"class":90},[46,40732,94],{"class":60},[46,40734,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40736,94],{"class":60},[46,40738,427],{"class":426},[46,40740,40741],{"class":430},"  8.5  ",[46,40743,427],{"class":426},[46,40745,106],{"class":60},[20,40747,143],{},[37,40749,40751],{"className":39,"code":40750,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8.5\n",[15,40752,40753],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40754,40755],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40756,40750],{"class":64},[283,40758,40760],{"id":40759},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40762,40763],{},"Boolean values also work:",[37,40765,40767],{"className":39,"code":40766,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40768,40769,40783],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40770,40771,40773,40775,40777,40779,40781],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40772,91],{"class":90},[46,40774,94],{"class":60},[46,40776,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40778,94],{"class":60},[46,40780,3787],{"class":1325},[46,40782,106],{"class":60},[46,40784,40785,40787,40789,40791,40793,40795],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40786,91],{"class":90},[46,40788,94],{"class":60},[46,40790,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40792,94],{"class":60},[46,40794,3856],{"class":1325},[46,40796,106],{"class":60},[20,40798,143],{},[37,40800,40802],{"className":39,"code":40801,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40803,40804,40808],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40805,40806],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40807,40348],{"class":64},[46,40809,40810],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,40811,40534],{"class":64},[283,40813,40815],{"id":40814},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40817,40818,40819,40821],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40820,3071],{}," returns a float version of it:",[37,40823,40825],{"className":39,"code":40824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40826,40827],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40828,40829,40831,40833,40835,40837,40839],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40830,91],{"class":90},[46,40832,94],{"class":60},[46,40834,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40836,94],{"class":60},[46,40838,2548],{"class":64},[46,40840,106],{"class":60},[20,40842,143],{},[37,40844,40845],{"className":39,"code":2572,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,40846,40847],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40848,40849],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40850,2572],{"class":64},[32,40852,40854],{"id":40853},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40856,40857,40858,507],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40859,3071],{},[283,40861,40863],{"id":40862},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40865,40866,40867,198],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40868,573],{},[37,40870,40872],{"className":39,"code":40871,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40873,40874],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40875,40876,40878,40880,40882,40884,40886,40888,40890],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40877,91],{"class":90},[46,40879,94],{"class":60},[46,40881,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40883,94],{"class":60},[46,40885,427],{"class":426},[46,40887,4027],{"class":430},[46,40889,427],{"class":426},[46,40891,106],{"class":60},[20,40893,29848],{},[37,40895,40897],{"className":39,"code":40896,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40898,40899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40900,40901,40903,40905,40908,40910,40913,40915,40917,40919,40921],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40902,573],{"class":1270},[46,40904,198],{"class":60},[46,40906,40907],{"class":52}," could ",[46,40909,4805],{"class":56},[46,40911,40912],{"class":52}," convert string to ",[46,40914,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40916,198],{"class":60},[46,40918,1197],{"class":426},[46,40920,4027],{"class":430},[46,40922,29867],{"class":426},[20,40924,40925],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[37,40927,40929],{"className":39,"code":40928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40930,40931],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40932,40933,40935,40937,40939,40941,40943],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40934,91],{"class":90},[46,40936,94],{"class":60},[46,40938,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40940,94],{"class":60},[46,40942,6444],{"class":426},[46,40944,106],{"class":60},[283,40946,40948],{"id":40947},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40950,40951],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[37,40953,40955],{"className":39,"code":40954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40956,40957],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40958,40959,40961,40963,40965,40967,40969,40971,40973,40975,40977],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40960,91],{"class":90},[46,40962,94],{"class":60},[46,40964,2377],{"class":1270},[46,40966,3172],{"class":60},[46,40968,3175],{"class":64},[46,40970,68],{"class":60},[46,40972,71],{"class":64},[46,40974,68],{"class":60},[46,40976,312],{"class":64},[46,40978,3186],{"class":60},[20,40980,29848],{},[37,40982,40984],{"className":39,"code":40983,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40985,40986],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,40987,40988,40990,40992,40994,40996,40999,41002,41005,41007,41009,41011,41013],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,40989,1638],{"class":1270},[46,40991,198],{"class":60},[46,40993,40421],{"class":1270},[46,40995,1277],{"class":60},[46,40997,40998],{"class":52}," argument must be a string ",[46,41000,41001],{"class":56},"or",[46,41003,41004],{"class":52}," a real number",[46,41006,68],{"class":60},[46,41008,8271],{"class":56},[46,41010,1197],{"class":426},[46,41012,8265],{"class":430},[46,41014,29867],{"class":426},[283,41016,41018],{"id":41017},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,41020,41021],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[37,41023,41025],{"className":39,"code":41024,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,41026,41027],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41028,41029,41031,41033,41035,41037,41039,41042,41044],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41030,91],{"class":90},[46,41032,94],{"class":60},[46,41034,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41036,94],{"class":60},[46,41038,427],{"class":426},[46,41040,41041],{"class":430},"3,14",[46,41043,427],{"class":426},[46,41045,106],{"class":60},[20,41047,1386,41048,507],{},[15,41049,573],{},[20,41051,41052,41053,2051,41057,507],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[501,41054,41056],{"href":41055},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[501,41058,41060],{"href":41059},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[32,41062,17585],{"id":17584},[20,41064,41065,41067],{},[15,41066,3071],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41069,41070,41071,41073],{},"It does ",[3924,41072,4805],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41075,2393],{},[37,41077,41079],{"className":39,"code":41078,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41080,41081,41094,41108,41112,41122,41132,41146],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41082,41083,41085,41087,41089,41092],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41084,34856],{"class":52},[46,41086,57],{"class":56},[46,41088,438],{"class":426},[46,41090,41091],{"class":430},"6.5",[46,41093,3544],{"class":426},[46,41095,41096,41098,41100,41102,41104,41106],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41097,2403],{"class":52},[46,41099,57],{"class":56},[46,41101,40421],{"class":1270},[46,41103,94],{"class":60},[46,41105,34877],{"class":102},[46,41107,215],{"class":60},[46,41109,41110],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41111,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41113,41114,41116,41118,41120],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41115,91],{"class":90},[46,41117,94],{"class":60},[46,41119,34877],{"class":102},[46,41121,215],{"class":60},[46,41123,41124,41126,41128,41130],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,41125,91],{"class":90},[46,41127,94],{"class":60},[46,41129,2426],{"class":102},[46,41131,215],{"class":60},[46,41133,41134,41136,41138,41140,41142,41144],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,41135,91],{"class":90},[46,41137,94],{"class":60},[46,41139,1889],{"class":1270},[46,41141,94],{"class":60},[46,41143,34877],{"class":102},[46,41145,106],{"class":60},[46,41147,41148,41150,41152,41154,41156,41158],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,41149,91],{"class":90},[46,41151,94],{"class":60},[46,41153,1889],{"class":1270},[46,41155,94],{"class":60},[46,41157,2426],{"class":102},[46,41159,106],{"class":60},[20,41161,143],{},[37,41163,41165],{"className":39,"code":41164,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41166,41167,41172,41176,41190],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41168,41169],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41170,41171],{"class":64},"6.5\n",[46,41173,41174],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41175,41171],{"class":64},[46,41177,41178,41180,41182,41184,41186,41188],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41179,3476],{"class":56},[46,41181,3479],{"class":1140},[46,41183,1197],{"class":426},[46,41185,1769],{"class":430},[46,41187,1188],{"class":426},[46,41189,3488],{"class":56},[46,41191,41192,41194,41196,41198,41200,41202],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41193,3476],{"class":56},[46,41195,3479],{"class":1140},[46,41197,1197],{"class":426},[46,41199,2377],{"class":430},[46,41201,1188],{"class":426},[46,41203,3488],{"class":56},[20,41205,41206],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[32,41208,41210],{"id":41209},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[283,41212,41214,41215,41217],{"id":41213},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41216,3144],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41219,882,41220,41224,41225,507],{},[501,41221,41222,2490],{"href":8391},[15,41223,3144],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41226,3071],{},[37,41228,41230],{"className":39,"code":41229,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41231,41232,41251,41265,41269],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41233,41234,41236,41238,41240,41242,41244,41247,41249],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41235,8409],{"class":52},[46,41237,57],{"class":56},[46,41239,8414],{"class":90},[46,41241,94],{"class":60},[46,41243,427],{"class":426},[46,41245,41246],{"class":430},"Enter a price: ",[46,41248,427],{"class":426},[46,41250,215],{"class":60},[46,41252,41253,41255,41257,41259,41261,41263],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41254,40553],{"class":52},[46,41256,57],{"class":56},[46,41258,40421],{"class":1270},[46,41260,94],{"class":60},[46,41262,8438],{"class":102},[46,41264,215],{"class":60},[46,41266,41267],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41268,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41270,41271,41273,41275,41277,41279,41281],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41272,91],{"class":90},[46,41274,94],{"class":60},[46,41276,40553],{"class":102},[46,41278,40038],{"class":56},[46,41280,71],{"class":64},[46,41282,215],{"class":60},[20,41284,41285,41286,41289],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41287,41288],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[37,41291,41293],{"className":39,"code":41292,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"9.0\n",[15,41294,41295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41296,41297],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41298,41292],{"class":64},[20,41300,41301,41302,507],{},"For more help with this, see ",[501,41303,9153],{"href":9152},[283,41305,41307],{"id":41306},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[37,41309,41311],{"className":39,"code":41310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41312,41313,41326,41339,41343,41368],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41314,41315,41317,41319,41321,41324],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41316,2741],{"class":52},[46,41318,57],{"class":56},[46,41320,438],{"class":426},[46,41322,41323],{"class":430},"2.5",[46,41325,3544],{"class":426},[46,41327,41328,41330,41332,41334,41337],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41329,2769],{"class":52},[46,41331,57],{"class":56},[46,41333,438],{"class":426},[46,41335,41336],{"class":430},"1.5",[46,41338,3544],{"class":426},[46,41340,41341],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41342,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41344,41345,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41346,41347],{"class":52},"total ",[46,41349,57],{"class":56},[46,41351,40421],{"class":1270},[46,41353,94],{"class":60},[46,41355,501],{"class":102},[46,41357,1592],{"class":60},[46,41359,2640],{"class":56},[46,41361,40421],{"class":1270},[46,41363,94],{"class":60},[46,41365,4935],{"class":102},[46,41367,215],{"class":60},[46,41369,41370,41372,41374,41377],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,41371,91],{"class":90},[46,41373,94],{"class":60},[46,41375,41376],{"class":102},"total",[46,41378,215],{"class":60},[20,41380,143],{},[37,41382,41384],{"className":39,"code":41383,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4.0\n",[15,41385,41386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41387,41388],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41389,41383],{"class":64},[283,41391,41393],{"id":41392},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41395,41396],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[37,41398,41400],{"className":39,"code":41399,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41401,41402,41412,41427,41431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41403,41404,41407,41409],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41405,41406],{"class":52},"count ",[46,41408,57],{"class":56},[46,41410,41411],{"class":64}," 7\n",[46,41413,41414,41416,41418,41420,41422,41425],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41415,2416],{"class":52},[46,41417,57],{"class":56},[46,41419,40421],{"class":1270},[46,41421,94],{"class":60},[46,41423,41424],{"class":102},"count",[46,41426,215],{"class":60},[46,41428,41429],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41430,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41432,41433,41435,41437,41439],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41434,91],{"class":90},[46,41436,94],{"class":60},[46,41438,2451],{"class":102},[46,41440,215],{"class":60},[20,41442,143],{},[37,41444,41446],{"className":39,"code":41445,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7.0\n",[15,41447,41448],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41449,41450],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41451,41445],{"class":64},[283,41453,41455],{"id":41454},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41457,41458,41459,41461],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41460,3071],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[37,41463,41465],{"className":39,"code":41464,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41466,41467,41481,41497,41501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41468,41469,41472,41474,41476,41479],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41470,41471],{"class":52},"temperature_text ",[46,41473,57],{"class":56},[46,41475,438],{"class":426},[46,41477,41478],{"class":430},"21.8",[46,41480,3544],{"class":426},[46,41482,41483,41486,41488,41490,41492,41495],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41484,41485],{"class":52},"temperature ",[46,41487,57],{"class":56},[46,41489,40421],{"class":1270},[46,41491,94],{"class":60},[46,41493,41494],{"class":102},"temperature_text",[46,41496,215],{"class":60},[46,41498,41499],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41500,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41502,41503,41505,41507,41510],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41504,91],{"class":90},[46,41506,94],{"class":60},[46,41508,41509],{"class":102},"temperature",[46,41511,215],{"class":60},[32,41513,41515],{"id":41514},"special-values","Special values",[20,41517,41518,41520],{},[15,41519,3071],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[283,41522,41524],{"id":41523},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[37,41526,41528],{"className":39,"code":41527,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41529,41530],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41531,41532,41534,41536,41538,41540,41542,41545,41547],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41533,91],{"class":90},[46,41535,94],{"class":60},[46,41537,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41539,94],{"class":60},[46,41541,427],{"class":426},[46,41543,41544],{"class":430},"inf",[46,41546,427],{"class":426},[46,41548,106],{"class":60},[20,41550,143],{},[37,41552,41554],{"className":39,"code":41553,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"inf\n",[15,41555,41556],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41557,41558],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41559,41553],{"class":52},[283,41561,41563],{"id":41562},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[37,41565,41567],{"className":39,"code":41566,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41568,41569],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41570,41571,41573,41575,41577,41579,41581,41584,41586],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41572,91],{"class":90},[46,41574,94],{"class":60},[46,41576,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41578,94],{"class":60},[46,41580,427],{"class":426},[46,41582,41583],{"class":430},"-inf",[46,41585,427],{"class":426},[46,41587,106],{"class":60},[20,41589,143],{},[37,41591,41593],{"className":39,"code":41592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"-inf\n",[15,41594,41595],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41596,41597,41599],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41598,2208],{"class":56},[46,41600,41553],{"class":52},[283,41602,41604],{"id":41603},"not-a-number","Not a number",[37,41606,41608],{"className":39,"code":41607,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41609,41610],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41611,41612,41614,41616,41618,41620,41622,41625,41627],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41613,91],{"class":90},[46,41615,94],{"class":60},[46,41617,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41619,94],{"class":60},[46,41621,427],{"class":426},[46,41623,41624],{"class":430},"nan",[46,41626,427],{"class":426},[46,41628,106],{"class":60},[20,41630,143],{},[37,41632,41634],{"className":39,"code":41633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nan\n",[15,41635,41636],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41637,41638],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41639,41633],{"class":52},[20,41641,41642],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[172,41644,41645,41650,41655],{},[175,41646,41647,41649],{},[15,41648,41544],{}," means positive infinity",[175,41651,41652,41654],{},[15,41653,41583],{}," means negative infinity",[175,41656,41657,41659],{},[15,41658,41624],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41661,41662,41663,41665],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41664,3071],{}," accepts them.",[32,41667,41669],{"id":41668},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41671,41672,41673,41675],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41674,3071],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[283,41677,573],{"id":41678},"valueerror",[20,41680,15355,41681,41683],{},[15,41682,573],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41685,41686],{},"Common causes:",[172,41688,41689,41695,41698,41701],{},[175,41690,41691,41692],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41693,41694],{},"\"abc\"",[175,41696,41697],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[175,41699,41700],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[175,41702,1859,41703],{},[501,41704,41705,41707],{"href":8391},[15,41706,3144],{}," returns a string",[20,41709,2393],{},[37,41711,41713],{"className":39,"code":41712,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41714,41715,41728],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41716,41717,41719,41721,41723,41726],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41718,2633],{"class":52},[46,41720,57],{"class":56},[46,41722,438],{"class":426},[46,41724,41725],{"class":430},"abc",[46,41727,3544],{"class":426},[46,41729,41730,41732,41734,41736,41738,41740],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41731,91],{"class":90},[46,41733,94],{"class":60},[46,41735,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41737,94],{"class":60},[46,41739,2659],{"class":102},[46,41741,106],{"class":60},[283,41743,1638],{"id":41744},"typeerror",[20,41746,15355,41747,41749],{},[15,41748,1638],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41751,41686],{},[172,41753,41754,41757,41760],{},[175,41755,41756],{},"Passing a list",[175,41758,41759],{},"Passing a dictionary",[175,41761,41762],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41764,2393],{},[37,41766,41768],{"className":39,"code":41767,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41769,41770,41795],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41771,41772,41774,41776,41778,41780,41782,41784,41786,41788,41791,41793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41773,2633],{"class":52},[46,41775,57],{"class":56},[46,41777,10660],{"class":60},[46,41779,427],{"class":426},[46,41781,25317],{"class":430},[46,41783,427],{"class":426},[46,41785,198],{"class":60},[46,41787,438],{"class":426},[46,41789,41790],{"class":430},"9.99",[46,41792,427],{"class":426},[46,41794,1105],{"class":60},[46,41796,41797,41799,41801,41803,41805,41807],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41798,91],{"class":90},[46,41800,94],{"class":60},[46,41802,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41804,94],{"class":60},[46,41806,2659],{"class":102},[46,41808,106],{"class":60},[283,41810,41812],{"id":41811},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41814,41815,41816,41819],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41817,41818],{},"strip()"," can help:",[37,41821,41823],{"className":39,"code":41822,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41824,41825,41838,41853,41857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41826,41827,41829,41831,41833,41836],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41828,2633],{"class":52},[46,41830,57],{"class":56},[46,41832,438],{"class":426},[46,41834,41835],{"class":430},"  7.25  ",[46,41837,3544],{"class":426},[46,41839,41840,41843,41845,41847,41849,41851],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41841,41842],{"class":52},"clean_value ",[46,41844,57],{"class":56},[46,41846,8605],{"class":52},[46,41848,507],{"class":60},[46,41850,8806],{"class":102},[46,41852,8814],{"class":60},[46,41854,41855],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41856,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41858,41859,41861,41863,41865,41867,41870],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41860,91],{"class":90},[46,41862,94],{"class":60},[46,41864,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41866,94],{"class":60},[46,41868,41869],{"class":102},"clean_value",[46,41871,106],{"class":60},[20,41873,143],{},[37,41875,41877],{"className":39,"code":41876,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7.25\n",[15,41878,41879],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41880,41881],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41882,41876],{"class":64},[283,41884,41886],{"id":41885},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41888,41889],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[37,41891,41893],{"className":39,"code":41892,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41894,41895,41908,41912,41922,41936,41951,41955,41969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,41896,41897,41899,41901,41903,41906],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,41898,2633],{"class":52},[46,41900,57],{"class":56},[46,41902,438],{"class":426},[46,41904,41905],{"class":430}," 3.5 ",[46,41907,3544],{"class":426},[46,41909,41910],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,41911,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41913,41914,41916,41918,41920],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,41915,91],{"class":90},[46,41917,94],{"class":60},[46,41919,2659],{"class":102},[46,41921,215],{"class":60},[46,41923,41924,41926,41928,41930,41932,41934],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,41925,91],{"class":90},[46,41927,94],{"class":60},[46,41929,1889],{"class":1270},[46,41931,94],{"class":60},[46,41933,2659],{"class":102},[46,41935,106],{"class":60},[46,41937,41938,41940,41942,41945,41947,41949],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,41939,91],{"class":90},[46,41941,94],{"class":60},[46,41943,41944],{"class":90},"repr",[46,41946,94],{"class":60},[46,41948,2659],{"class":102},[46,41950,106],{"class":60},[46,41952,41953],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,41954,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,41956,41957,41959,41961,41963,41965,41967],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,41958,41842],{"class":52},[46,41960,57],{"class":56},[46,41962,8605],{"class":52},[46,41964,507],{"class":60},[46,41966,8806],{"class":102},[46,41968,8814],{"class":60},[46,41970,41971,41973,41975,41977,41979,41981],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,41972,91],{"class":90},[46,41974,94],{"class":60},[46,41976,2377],{"class":1270},[46,41978,94],{"class":60},[46,41980,41869],{"class":102},[46,41982,106],{"class":60},[20,41984,41985],{},"Why this helps:",[172,41987,41988,41994,41999,42005],{},[175,41989,41990,41993],{},[15,41991,41992],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[175,41995,41996,21535],{},[15,41997,41998],{},"print(type(value))",[175,42000,42001,42004],{},[15,42002,42003],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[175,42006,42007,42009],{},[15,42008,41818],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[283,42011,42013],{"id":42012},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,42015,42016],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[37,42018,42020],{"className":39,"code":42019,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,42021,42022,42041,42045,42051,42066,42085,42094],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42023,42024,42026,42028,42030,42032,42034,42037,42039],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42025,2633],{"class":52},[46,42027,57],{"class":56},[46,42029,8414],{"class":90},[46,42031,94],{"class":60},[46,42033,427],{"class":426},[46,42035,42036],{"class":430},"Enter a number: ",[46,42038,427],{"class":426},[46,42040,215],{"class":60},[46,42042,42043],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,42044,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,42046,42047,42049],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,42048,29971],{"class":1595},[46,42050,6566],{"class":60},[46,42052,42053,42056,42058,42060,42062,42064],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,42054,42055],{"class":52},"    number ",[46,42057,57],{"class":56},[46,42059,40421],{"class":1270},[46,42061,94],{"class":60},[46,42063,2659],{"class":102},[46,42065,215],{"class":60},[46,42067,42068,42070,42072,42074,42077,42079,42081,42083],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,42069,8240],{"class":90},[46,42071,94],{"class":60},[46,42073,427],{"class":426},[46,42075,42076],{"class":430},"Converted:",[46,42078,427],{"class":426},[46,42080,68],{"class":60},[46,42082,2382],{"class":102},[46,42084,215],{"class":60},[46,42086,42087,42089,42092],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,42088,30002],{"class":1595},[46,42090,42091],{"class":1270}," ValueError",[46,42093,6566],{"class":60},[46,42095,42096,42098,42100,42102,42105,42107],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,42097,8240],{"class":90},[46,42099,94],{"class":60},[46,42101,427],{"class":426},[46,42103,42104],{"class":430},"That is not a valid number.",[46,42106,427],{"class":426},[46,42108,215],{"class":60},[20,42110,42111,42112,507],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[501,42113,41060],{"href":41059},[32,42115,42117],{"id":42116},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42119,10760,42120,2051,42122,42124],{},[15,42121,3071],{},[15,42123,3064],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42126,42127,42129],{},[15,42128,3071],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[37,42131,42133],{"className":39,"code":42132,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42134,42135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42136,42137,42139,42141,42143,42145,42147,42150,42152],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42138,91],{"class":90},[46,42140,94],{"class":60},[46,42142,2377],{"class":1270},[46,42144,94],{"class":60},[46,42146,427],{"class":426},[46,42148,42149],{"class":430},"3.9",[46,42151,427],{"class":426},[46,42153,106],{"class":60},[20,42155,143],{},[37,42157,42159],{"className":39,"code":42158,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.9\n",[15,42160,42161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42162,42163],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42164,42158],{"class":64},[20,42166,42167,42169],{},[15,42168,3064],{}," creates whole numbers:",[37,42171,42173],{"className":39,"code":42172,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42174,42175],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42176,42177,42179,42181,42183,42185,42187,42189,42191],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42178,91],{"class":90},[46,42180,94],{"class":60},[46,42182,1584],{"class":1270},[46,42184,94],{"class":60},[46,42186,427],{"class":426},[46,42188,1494],{"class":430},[46,42190,427],{"class":426},[46,42192,106],{"class":60},[20,42194,143],{},[37,42196,42197],{"className":39,"code":2562,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,42198,42199],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42200,42201],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42202,2562],{"class":64},[20,42204,42205,42206,42209],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42207,42208],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[37,42211,42213],{"className":39,"code":42212,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42214,42215],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42216,42217,42219,42221,42223,42225,42227,42229,42231],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42218,91],{"class":90},[46,42220,94],{"class":60},[46,42222,1584],{"class":1270},[46,42224,94],{"class":60},[46,42226,427],{"class":426},[46,42228,42149],{"class":430},[46,42230,427],{"class":426},[46,42232,106],{"class":60},[20,42234,1386,42235,8773,42237,42240],{},[15,42236,573],{},[15,42238,42239],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42242,10882],{},[172,42244,42245,42251],{},[175,42246,42247,42250],{},[15,42248,42249],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[175,42252,42253,42255],{},[15,42254,42208],{}," fails",[20,42257,42258,42259,42262,42263,42265],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[501,42260,42261],{"href":3061},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[501,42264,2606],{"href":2605}," helpful.",[32,42267,1991],{"id":1990},[283,42269,42271],{"id":42270},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42273,42274,42275,3065,42277,507],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42276,2678],{},[15,42278,40309],{},[283,42280,42282],{"id":42281},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42284,42285,42286,3065,42289,507],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42287,42288],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42290,42291],{},"\"10\"",[283,42293,42295],{"id":42294},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42297,29228,42298,42300,42301,507],{},[15,42299,41694],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42302,573],{},[283,42304,42306],{"id":42305},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42308,5320,42309,507],{},[15,42310,3950],{},[283,42312,42314],{"id":42313},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42316,42317,42318,42320,42321,2051,42324,42320,42326,507],{},"Yes. ",[15,42319,3787],{}," becomes ",[15,42322,42323],{},"1.0",[15,42325,3856],{},[15,42327,3950],{},[32,42329,2065],{"id":2064},[172,42331,42332,42336,42342,42347,42351,42355],{},[175,42333,42334],{},[501,42335,42261],{"href":3061},[175,42337,42338],{},[501,42339,42341],{"href":42340},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[175,42343,42344],{},[501,42345,42346],{"href":41055},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[175,42348,42349],{},[501,42350,9230],{"href":9152},[175,42352,42353],{},[501,42354,41060],{"href":41059},[175,42356,42357],{},[501,42358,42359],{"href":8391},"Python input() Function Explained",[2103,42361,42362],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":42364},[42365,42366,42367,42368,42375,42380,42381,42388,42393,42400,42401,42408],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":40356,"depth":87,"text":40357},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":40580,"depth":87,"text":40581,"children":42369},[42370,42371,42372,42373,42374],{"id":40589,"depth":109,"text":40590},{"id":40653,"depth":109,"text":40654},{"id":40717,"depth":109,"text":40718},{"id":40759,"depth":109,"text":40760},{"id":40814,"depth":109,"text":40815},{"id":40853,"depth":87,"text":40854,"children":42376},[42377,42378,42379],{"id":40862,"depth":109,"text":40863},{"id":40947,"depth":109,"text":40948},{"id":41017,"depth":109,"text":41018},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":41209,"depth":87,"text":41210,"children":42382},[42383,42385,42386,42387],{"id":41213,"depth":109,"text":42384},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41306,"depth":109,"text":41307},{"id":41392,"depth":109,"text":41393},{"id":41454,"depth":109,"text":41455},{"id":41514,"depth":87,"text":41515,"children":42389},[42390,42391,42392],{"id":41523,"depth":109,"text":41524},{"id":41562,"depth":109,"text":41563},{"id":41603,"depth":109,"text":41604},{"id":41668,"depth":87,"text":41669,"children":42394},[42395,42396,42397,42398,42399],{"id":41678,"depth":109,"text":573},{"id":41744,"depth":109,"text":1638},{"id":41811,"depth":109,"text":41812},{"id":41885,"depth":109,"text":41886},{"id":42012,"depth":109,"text":42013},{"id":42116,"depth":87,"text":42117},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":42402},[42403,42404,42405,42406,42407],{"id":42270,"depth":109,"text":42271},{"id":42281,"depth":109,"text":42282},{"id":42294,"depth":109,"text":42295},{"id":42305,"depth":109,"text":42306},{"id":42313,"depth":109,"text":42314},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40257,"description":42409},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42416,"title":42417,"body":42418,"description":43637,"extension":2150,"meta":43638,"navigation":112,"path":35193,"seo":43639,"stem":43640,"__hash__":43641},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42419,"toc":43603},[42420,42423,42428,42431,42433,42472,42486,42490,42495,42498,42515,42518,42526,42541,42544,42546,42549,42565,42568,42571,42591,42595,42606,42609,42613,42617,42631,42666,42670,42681,42716,42719,42721,42729,42762,42778,42780,42790,42811,42822,42824,42829,42832,42846,42848,42867,42870,42883,42886,42890,42894,42908,42911,42929,42932,42947,42951,42956,42970,42976,42978,43035,43037,43070,43073,43089,43093,43100,43104,43109,43112,43123,43127,43132,43147,43156,43161,43180,43183,43195,43197,43202,43212,43215,43244,43249,43258,43262,43267,43270,43274,43279,43281,43311,43314,43321,43326,43331,43335,43338,43346,43349,43427,43430,43452,43454,43458,43461,43465,43471,43534,43538,43546,43550,43553,43555,43580,43600],[10,42421,42417],{"id":42422},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42424,3765,42425,42427],{},[15,42426,35196],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42429,42430],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[32,42432,35],{"id":34},[37,42434,42436],{"className":39,"code":42435,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42437,42438,42448,42458],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42439,42440,42442,42444,42446],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42441,32320],{"class":90},[46,42443,94],{"class":60},[46,42445,476],{"class":90},[46,42447,215],{"class":60},[46,42449,42450,42452,42454,42456],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,42451,32320],{"class":90},[46,42453,94],{"class":60},[46,42455,1769],{"class":1270},[46,42457,215],{"class":60},[46,42459,42460,42462,42464,42466,42468,42470],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,42461,32320],{"class":90},[46,42463,94],{"class":60},[46,42465,1188],{"class":426},[46,42467,34827],{"class":430},[46,42469,1188],{"class":426},[46,42471,215],{"class":60},[20,42473,160,42474,42476,42477,3065,42479,42481,42482,42485],{},[15,42475,35196],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42478,476],{},[15,42480,1769],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42483,42484],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[32,42487,42489],{"id":42488},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42491,42492,42494],{},[15,42493,35196],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42496,42497],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[172,42499,42500,42503,42506,42509,42512],{},[175,42501,42502],{},"Functions",[175,42504,42505],{},"Classes",[175,42507,42508],{},"Methods",[175,42510,42511],{},"Modules",[175,42513,42514],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42516,42517],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42519,42520,42521,42525],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[501,42522,42523],{"href":503},[15,42524,498],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[37,42527,42529],{"className":39,"code":42528,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\n",[15,42530,42531],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42532,42533,42535,42537,42539],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42534,32320],{"class":90},[46,42536,94],{"class":60},[46,42538,476],{"class":90},[46,42540,215],{"class":60},[20,42542,42543],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[32,42545,2343],{"id":2342},[20,42547,42548],{},"The main form is:",[37,42550,42552],{"className":39,"code":42551,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(object)\n",[15,42553,42554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42555,42556,42558,42560,42563],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42557,32320],{"class":90},[46,42559,94],{"class":60},[46,42561,42562],{"class":1270},"object",[46,42564,215],{"class":60},[20,42566,42567],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42569,42570],{},"Common examples include:",[172,42572,42573,42577,42582,42586],{},[175,42574,42575],{},[15,42576,476],{},[175,42578,42579],{},[15,42580,42581],{},"list.append",[175,42583,42584],{},[15,42585,1769],{},[175,42587,42588],{},[15,42589,42590],{},"open",[20,42592,7348,42593,7351],{},[15,42594,35196],{},[37,42596,42598],{"className":39,"code":42597,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help()\n",[15,42599,42600],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42601,42602,42604],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42603,32320],{"class":90},[46,42605,8814],{"class":60},[20,42607,42608],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[32,42610,42612],{"id":42611},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[283,42614,42616],{"id":42615},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42618,42619,42620,2374,42622,2374,42624,17238,42627,507],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42621,476],{},[15,42623,91],{},[15,42625,42626],{},"input",[501,42628,42629],{"href":2486},[15,42630,2489],{},[37,42632,42634],{"className":39,"code":42633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42635,42636,42646,42656],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42637,42638,42640,42642,42644],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42639,32320],{"class":90},[46,42641,94],{"class":60},[46,42643,91],{"class":90},[46,42645,215],{"class":60},[46,42647,42648,42650,42652,42654],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,42649,32320],{"class":90},[46,42651,94],{"class":60},[46,42653,42626],{"class":90},[46,42655,215],{"class":60},[46,42657,42658,42660,42662,42664],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,42659,32320],{"class":90},[46,42661,94],{"class":60},[46,42663,1889],{"class":1270},[46,42665,215],{"class":60},[283,42667,42669],{"id":42668},"data-types","Data types",[20,42671,42672,42673,2374,42675,2374,42677,17238,42679,507],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42674,1769],{},[15,42676,8265],{},[15,42678,8993],{},[15,42680,6459],{},[37,42682,42684],{"className":39,"code":42683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42685,42686,42696,42706],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42687,42688,42690,42692,42694],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42689,32320],{"class":90},[46,42691,94],{"class":60},[46,42693,1769],{"class":1270},[46,42695,215],{"class":60},[46,42697,42698,42700,42702,42704],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,42699,32320],{"class":90},[46,42701,94],{"class":60},[46,42703,8265],{"class":1270},[46,42705,215],{"class":60},[46,42707,42708,42710,42712,42714],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,42709,32320],{"class":90},[46,42711,94],{"class":60},[46,42713,8993],{"class":1270},[46,42715,215],{"class":60},[20,42717,42718],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[283,42720,42508],{"id":34674},[20,42722,42723,42724,2051,42727,507],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42725,42726],{},"str.split",[15,42728,42581],{},[37,42730,42732],{"className":39,"code":42731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42733,42734,42748],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42735,42736,42738,42740,42742,42744,42746],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42737,32320],{"class":90},[46,42739,94],{"class":60},[46,42741,1769],{"class":1270},[46,42743,507],{"class":60},[46,42745,34637],{"class":1774},[46,42747,215],{"class":60},[46,42749,42750,42752,42754,42756,42758,42760],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,42751,32320],{"class":90},[46,42753,94],{"class":60},[46,42755,8265],{"class":1270},[46,42757,507],{"class":60},[46,42759,13720],{"class":1774},[46,42761,215],{"class":60},[20,42763,42764,42765,8876,42767,28481,42772,42774,42775,42777],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42766,35196],{},[501,42768,42770],{"href":42769},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42771,34480],{},[15,42773,34480],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42776,35196],{}," explains one of them.",[283,42779,42511],{"id":34827},[20,42781,42782,42783,2374,42785,17238,42787,507],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42784,18584],{},[15,42786,35359],{},[15,42788,42789],{},"os",[37,42791,42793],{"className":39,"code":42792,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42794,42795,42801],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42796,42797,42799],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42798,35260],{"class":1595},[46,42800,35263],{"class":52},[46,42802,42803,42805,42807,42809],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,42804,32320],{"class":90},[46,42806,94],{"class":60},[46,42808,18584],{"class":102},[46,42810,215],{"class":60},[20,42812,42813,42814,42818,42819,507],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[501,42815,42817],{"href":42816},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[501,42820,35326],{"href":42821},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[32,42823,35087],{"id":35086},[20,42825,42826,42828],{},[15,42827,35196],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42830,42831],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[172,42833,42834,42837,42840,42843],{},[175,42835,42836],{},"The function signature",[175,42838,42839],{},"The short description",[175,42841,42842],{},"Parameter names",[175,42844,42845],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42847,5644],{},[37,42849,42851],{"className":39,"code":42850,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42852,42853],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42854,42855,42857,42859,42861,42863,42865],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42856,32320],{"class":90},[46,42858,94],{"class":60},[46,42860,1769],{"class":1270},[46,42862,507],{"class":60},[46,42864,34637],{"class":1774},[46,42866,215],{"class":60},[20,42868,42869],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[172,42871,42872,42875,42878,42880],{},[175,42873,42874],{},"What object this is",[175,42876,42877],{},"What arguments it accepts",[175,42879,22137],{},[175,42881,42882],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42884,42885],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[32,42887,42889],{"id":42888},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42891,42892,30041],{},[15,42893,35196],{},[172,42895,42896,42899,42902,42905],{},[175,42897,42898],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[175,42900,42901],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[175,42903,42904],{},"You are exploring a new module",[175,42906,42907],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42909,42910],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[37,42912,42913],{"className":39,"code":42850,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,42914,42915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42916,42917,42919,42921,42923,42925,42927],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42918,32320],{"class":90},[46,42920,94],{"class":60},[46,42922,1769],{"class":1270},[46,42924,507],{"class":60},[46,42926,34637],{"class":1774},[46,42928,215],{"class":60},[20,42930,42931],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[37,42933,42935],{"className":39,"code":42934,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(open)\n",[15,42936,42937],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42938,42939,42941,42943,42945],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42940,32320],{"class":90},[46,42942,94],{"class":60},[46,42944,42590],{"class":90},[46,42946,215],{"class":60},[32,42948,42950],{"id":42949},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42952,42953,42955],{},[15,42954,35196],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[172,42957,42958,42961,42964,42967],{},[175,42959,42960],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[175,42962,42963],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[175,42965,42966],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[175,42968,42969],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42971,42972,42973,42975],{},"So, ",[15,42974,35196],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42977,5644],{},[37,42979,42981],{"className":39,"code":42980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42982,42983,42996,43020,43024],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,42984,42985,42987,42989,42991,42994],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,42986,34856],{"class":52},[46,42988,57],{"class":56},[46,42990,438],{"class":426},[46,42992,42993],{"class":430},"a,b,c",[46,42995,3544],{"class":426},[46,42997,42998,43001,43003,43006,43008,43010,43012,43014,43016,43018],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,42999,43000],{"class":52},"parts ",[46,43002,57],{"class":56},[46,43004,43005],{"class":52}," text",[46,43007,507],{"class":60},[46,43009,34637],{"class":102},[46,43011,94],{"class":60},[46,43013,427],{"class":426},[46,43015,68],{"class":430},[46,43017,427],{"class":426},[46,43019,215],{"class":60},[46,43021,43022],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,43023,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,43025,43026,43028,43030,43033],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,43027,91],{"class":90},[46,43029,94],{"class":60},[46,43031,43032],{"class":102},"parts",[46,43034,215],{"class":60},[20,43036,5731],{},[37,43038,43040],{"className":39,"code":43039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43041,43042],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43043,43044,43046,43048,43050,43052,43054,43056,43058,43060,43062,43064,43066,43068],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43045,1152],{"class":60},[46,43047,1188],{"class":426},[46,43049,501],{"class":430},[46,43051,1188],{"class":426},[46,43053,68],{"class":60},[46,43055,1197],{"class":426},[46,43057,4935],{"class":430},[46,43059,1188],{"class":426},[46,43061,68],{"class":60},[46,43063,1197],{"class":426},[46,43065,9908],{"class":430},[46,43067,1188],{"class":426},[46,43069,84],{"class":60},[20,43071,43072],{},"A good workflow is:",[28881,43074,43075,43080,43083,43086],{},[175,43076,160,43077,43079],{},[15,43078,35196],{}," to inspect something",[175,43081,43082],{},"Write a tiny example",[175,43084,43085],{},"Check the result",[175,43087,43088],{},"Repeat",[32,43090,43092],{"id":43091},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43094,43095,2051,43097,43099],{},[15,43096,35196],{},[15,43098,34480],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[283,43101,43102],{"id":32320},[15,43103,35196],{},[20,43105,160,43106,43108],{},[15,43107,35196],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43110,43111],{},"It tells you:",[172,43113,43114,43117,43120],{},[175,43115,43116],{},"What something is",[175,43118,43119],{},"How to use it",[175,43121,43122],{},"What parameters it accepts",[283,43124,43125],{"id":34541},[15,43126,34480],{},[20,43128,160,43129,43131],{},[15,43130,34480],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[37,43133,43135],{"className":39,"code":43134,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dir(str)\n",[15,43136,43137],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43138,43139,43141,43143,43145],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43140,34541],{"class":90},[46,43142,94],{"class":60},[46,43144,1769],{"class":1270},[46,43146,215],{"class":60},[20,43148,43149,43150,2374,43152,17238,43154,507],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43151,34637],{},[15,43153,8806],{},[15,43155,1775],{},[20,43157,43158,43159,198],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43160,35196],{},[37,43162,43164],{"className":39,"code":43163,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43165,43166],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43167,43168,43170,43172,43174,43176,43178],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43169,32320],{"class":90},[46,43171,94],{"class":60},[46,43173,1769],{"class":1270},[46,43175,507],{"class":60},[46,43177,1775],{"class":1774},[46,43179,215],{"class":60},[20,43181,43182],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[172,43184,43185,43190],{},[175,43186,160,43187,43189],{},[15,43188,34480],{}," to discover options",[175,43191,160,43192,43194],{},[15,43193,35196],{}," to understand one option",[32,43196,1834],{"id":1833},[20,43198,43199,43200,507],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43201,35196],{},[283,43203,578,43205,43208,43209],{"id":43204},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43206,43207],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43210,43211],{},"help(len)",[20,43213,43214],{},"These are not always the same.",[37,43216,43218],{"className":39,"code":43217,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43219,43220,43230],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43221,43222,43224,43226,43228],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43223,32320],{"class":90},[46,43225,94],{"class":60},[46,43227,476],{"class":90},[46,43229,215],{"class":60},[46,43231,43232,43234,43236,43238,43240,43242],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,43233,32320],{"class":90},[46,43235,94],{"class":60},[46,43237,1188],{"class":426},[46,43239,476],{"class":430},[46,43241,1188],{"class":426},[46,43243,215],{"class":60},[20,43245,43246,43248],{},[15,43247,43211],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43250,43251,43253,43254,43257],{},[15,43252,43207],{}," treats ",[15,43255,43256],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[283,43259,43261],{"id":43260},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43263,43264,43266],{},[15,43265,35196],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43268,43269],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[283,43271,43273],{"id":43272},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43275,40509,43276,43278],{},[15,43277,35196],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43280,2393],{},[37,43282,43284],{"className":39,"code":43283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43285,43286,43296],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43287,43288,43290,43292,43294],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43289,32320],{"class":90},[46,43291,94],{"class":60},[46,43293,476],{"class":90},[46,43295,215],{"class":60},[46,43297,43298,43300,43302,43304,43307,43309],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,43299,91],{"class":90},[46,43301,94],{"class":60},[46,43303,427],{"class":426},[46,43305,43306],{"class":430},"Done",[46,43308,427],{"class":426},[46,43310,215],{"class":60},[20,43312,43313],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[283,43315,37372,43317,8876,43319],{"id":43316},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43318,35196],{},[15,43320,34480],{},[20,43322,43323,43324,507],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43325,34480],{},[20,43327,43328,43329,507],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43330,35196],{},[32,43332,43334],{"id":43333},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43336,43337],{},"Open Python:",[37,43339,43340],{"className":39,"code":35712,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,43341,43342],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43343,43344],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43345,35712],{"class":52},[20,43347,43348],{},"Then test these commands:",[37,43350,43352],{"className":39,"code":43351,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43353,43354,43364,43378,43392,43402,43417],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43355,43356,43358,43360,43362],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43357,32320],{"class":90},[46,43359,94],{"class":60},[46,43361,476],{"class":90},[46,43363,215],{"class":60},[46,43365,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374,43376],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,43367,32320],{"class":90},[46,43369,94],{"class":60},[46,43371,1769],{"class":1270},[46,43373,507],{"class":60},[46,43375,34637],{"class":1774},[46,43377,215],{"class":60},[46,43379,43380,43382,43384,43386,43388,43390],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,43381,32320],{"class":90},[46,43383,94],{"class":60},[46,43385,8265],{"class":1270},[46,43387,507],{"class":60},[46,43389,13720],{"class":1774},[46,43391,215],{"class":60},[46,43393,43394,43396,43398,43400],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,43395,32320],{"class":90},[46,43397,94],{"class":60},[46,43399,42590],{"class":90},[46,43401,215],{"class":60},[46,43403,43404,43406,43408,43410,43413,43415],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,43405,32320],{"class":90},[46,43407,94],{"class":60},[46,43409,1188],{"class":426},[46,43411,43412],{"class":430},"keywords",[46,43414,1188],{"class":426},[46,43416,215],{"class":60},[46,43418,43419,43421,43423,43425],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,43420,34541],{"class":90},[46,43422,94],{"class":60},[46,43424,1769],{"class":1270},[46,43426,215],{"class":60},[20,43428,43429],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[172,43431,43432,43435,43438,43441,43444,43447],{},[175,43433,43434],{},"A built-in function",[175,43436,43437],{},"A string method",[175,43439,43440],{},"A list method",[175,43442,43443],{},"A built-in file function",[175,43445,43446],{},"A special help topic",[175,43448,15355,43449,43451],{},[15,43450,34480],{}," example for comparison",[32,43453,1991],{"id":1990},[283,43455,43457],{"id":43456},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43459,43460],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[283,43462,43464],{"id":43463},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43466,43467,43468,43470],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43469,35196],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[37,43472,43474],{"className":39,"code":43473,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43475,43476,43488,43501,43520,43524],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43477,43478,43480,43482,43484,43486],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43479,35020],{"class":1140},[46,43481,35024],{"class":35023},[46,43483,94],{"class":60},[46,43485,1009],{"class":1144},[46,43487,8514],{"class":60},[46,43489,43490,43494,43498],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,43491,43493],{"class":43492},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[46,43495,43497],{"class":43496},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[46,43499,43500],{"class":43492},"\"\"\"\n",[46,43502,43503,43505,43508,43511,43513,43515,43517],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,43504,35031],{"class":1595},[46,43506,43507],{"class":1140}," f",[46,43509,43510],{"class":430},"\"Hello, ",[46,43512,1185],{"class":64},[46,43514,1009],{"class":52},[46,43516,22470],{"class":64},[46,43518,43519],{"class":430},"!\"\n",[46,43521,43522],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,43523,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,43525,43526,43528,43530,43532],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,43527,32320],{"class":90},[46,43529,94],{"class":60},[46,43531,35066],{"class":102},[46,43533,215],{"class":60},[283,43535,43537],{"id":43536},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43539,43540,43542,43543,43545],{},[15,43541,43211],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43544,43207],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[283,43547,43549],{"id":43548},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43551,43552],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[32,43554,2065],{"id":2064},[172,43556,43557,43562,43566,43571,43576],{},[175,43558,43559],{},[501,43560,43561],{"href":42769},"Python dir() function explained",[175,43563,43564],{},[501,43565,8614],{"href":2486},[175,43567,43568],{},[501,43569,43570],{"href":503},"Python len() function explained",[175,43572,43573],{},[501,43574,43575],{"href":42816},"How import works in Python",[175,43577,43578],{},[501,43579,35326],{"href":42821},[20,43581,43582,43583,43585,43586,2374,43588,17238,43590,43592,43593,3065,43596,43599],{},"Try ",[15,43584,35196],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43587,476],{},[15,43589,91],{},[15,43591,42626],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43594,43595],{},"dir(str)",[15,43597,43598],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2103,43601,43602],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":43604},[43605,43606,43607,43608,43614,43615,43616,43617,43621,43629,43630,43636],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":42488,"depth":87,"text":42489},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":42611,"depth":87,"text":42612,"children":43609},[43610,43611,43612,43613],{"id":42615,"depth":109,"text":42616},{"id":42668,"depth":109,"text":42669},{"id":34674,"depth":109,"text":42508},{"id":34827,"depth":109,"text":42511},{"id":35086,"depth":87,"text":35087},{"id":42888,"depth":87,"text":42889},{"id":42949,"depth":87,"text":42950},{"id":43091,"depth":87,"text":43092,"children":43618},[43619,43620],{"id":32320,"depth":109,"text":35196},{"id":34541,"depth":109,"text":34480},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":43622},[43623,43625,43626,43627],{"id":43204,"depth":109,"text":43624},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43260,"depth":109,"text":43261},{"id":43272,"depth":109,"text":43273},{"id":43316,"depth":109,"text":43628},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43333,"depth":87,"text":43334},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":43631},[43632,43633,43634,43635],{"id":43456,"depth":109,"text":43457},{"id":43463,"depth":109,"text":43464},{"id":43536,"depth":109,"text":43537},{"id":43548,"depth":109,"text":43549},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42417,"description":43637},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43643,"title":43644,"body":43645,"description":45007,"extension":2150,"meta":45008,"navigation":112,"path":45009,"seo":45010,"stem":45011,"__hash__":45012},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43646,"toc":44980},[43647,43653,43658,43664,43674,43733,43743,43754,43759,43765,43767,43785,43793,43795,43797,43812,43815,43826,43828,43919,43922,43926,43931,43952,43954,44065,44067,44094,44105,44109,44112,44195,44197,44205,44211,44217,44221,44224,44334,44336,44349,44352,44366,44374,44381,44386,44400,44406,44519,44521,44582,44585,44591,44597,44600,44622,44625,44695,44698,44730,44737,44739,44742,44760,44763,44775,44781,44783,44788,44814,44817,44889,44891,44897,44900,44906,44909,44915,44925,44931,44934,44941,44944,44946,44977],[10,43648,13,43650,18],{"id":43649},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43651,43652],{},"id()",[20,43654,32485,43655,43657],{},[15,43656,43652],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43659,43660,43661,43663],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43662,43652],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43665,160,43666,43668,43669,43671,43672,507],{},[15,43667,43652],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3924,43670,4805],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43673,4863],{},[37,43675,43677],{"className":39,"code":43676,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43678,43679,43691,43705,43709,43719],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43680,43681,43683,43685,43687,43689],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43682,8047],{"class":52},[46,43684,57],{"class":56},[46,43686,438],{"class":426},[46,43688,7470],{"class":430},[46,43690,3544],{"class":426},[46,43692,43693,43695,43697,43699,43701,43703],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,43694,91],{"class":90},[46,43696,94],{"class":60},[46,43698,12817],{"class":90},[46,43700,94],{"class":60},[46,43702,1009],{"class":102},[46,43704,106],{"class":60},[46,43706,43707],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,43708,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,43710,43711,43714,43716],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,43712,43713],{"class":52},"other ",[46,43715,57],{"class":56},[46,43717,43718],{"class":52}," name\n",[46,43720,43721,43723,43725,43727,43729,43731],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,43722,91],{"class":90},[46,43724,94],{"class":60},[46,43726,12817],{"class":90},[46,43728,94],{"class":60},[46,43730,30911],{"class":102},[46,43732,106],{"class":60},[20,43734,43735,43736,43739,43740,43742],{},"In this example, ",[15,43737,43738],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43741,43652],{}," values match.",[43744,43745,43746],"blockquote",{},[20,43747,160,43748,43750,43751,43753],{},[15,43749,43652],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43752,4863],{}," for value comparison.",[32,43755,167,43757,170],{"id":43756},"what-id-does",[15,43758,43652],{},[20,43760,43761,43764],{},[15,43762,43763],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43766,13219],{},[172,43768,43769,43772,43779,43782],{},[175,43770,43771],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[175,43773,43774,43775,43778],{},"It shows ",[3924,43776,43777],{},"object identity",", not object value",[175,43780,43781],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[175,43783,43784],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43786,43787,43788,43792],{},"This is closely related to how ",[501,43789,43791],{"href":43790},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[32,43794,2343],{"id":2342},[20,43796,5606],{},[37,43798,43800],{"className":39,"code":43799,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"id(object)\n",[15,43801,43802],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43803,43804,43806,43808,43810],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43805,12817],{"class":90},[46,43807,94],{"class":60},[46,43809,42562],{"class":1270},[46,43811,215],{"class":60},[20,43813,43814],{},"Important details:",[172,43816,43817,43820,43823],{},[175,43818,43819],{},"It takes one argument",[175,43821,43822],{},"It returns an integer",[175,43824,43825],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43827,2393],{},[37,43829,43831],{"className":39,"code":43830,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43832,43833,43845,43853,43873,43877,43891,43905],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43834,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43836,34856],{"class":52},[46,43838,57],{"class":56},[46,43840,438],{"class":426},[46,43842,4027],{"class":430},[46,43844,3544],{"class":426},[46,43846,43847,43849,43851],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,43848,2403],{"class":52},[46,43850,57],{"class":56},[46,43852,2956],{"class":64},[46,43854,43855,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,43856,1398],{"class":52},[46,43858,57],{"class":56},[46,43860,61],{"class":60},[46,43862,3175],{"class":64},[46,43864,68],{"class":60},[46,43866,71],{"class":64},[46,43868,68],{"class":60},[46,43870,312],{"class":64},[46,43872,84],{"class":60},[46,43874,43875],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,43876,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,43878,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,43880,91],{"class":90},[46,43882,94],{"class":60},[46,43884,12817],{"class":90},[46,43886,94],{"class":60},[46,43888,34877],{"class":102},[46,43890,106],{"class":60},[46,43892,43893,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,43894,91],{"class":90},[46,43896,94],{"class":60},[46,43898,12817],{"class":90},[46,43900,94],{"class":60},[46,43902,2426],{"class":102},[46,43904,106],{"class":60},[46,43906,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,43908,91],{"class":90},[46,43910,94],{"class":60},[46,43912,12817],{"class":90},[46,43914,94],{"class":60},[46,43916,1415],{"class":102},[46,43918,106],{"class":60},[20,43920,43921],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[32,43923,43925],{"id":43924},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43927,43928,43929,507],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43930,43652],{},[172,43932,43933,43940,43947],{},[175,43934,43935,43937,43938],{},[15,43936,4863],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3924,43939,2659],{},[175,43941,43942,43944,43945],{},[15,43943,1283],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3924,43946,42562],{},[175,43948,43949,43951],{},[15,43950,43652],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43953,2393],{},[37,43955,43957],{"className":39,"code":43956,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43958,43959,43979,43999,44003,44020,44037,44051],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,43960,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,43962,2741],{"class":52},[46,43964,57],{"class":56},[46,43966,61],{"class":60},[46,43968,3175],{"class":64},[46,43970,68],{"class":60},[46,43972,71],{"class":64},[46,43974,68],{"class":60},[46,43976,312],{"class":64},[46,43978,84],{"class":60},[46,43980,43981,43983,43985,43987,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,43982,2769],{"class":52},[46,43984,57],{"class":56},[46,43986,61],{"class":60},[46,43988,3175],{"class":64},[46,43990,68],{"class":60},[46,43992,71],{"class":64},[46,43994,68],{"class":60},[46,43996,312],{"class":64},[46,43998,84],{"class":60},[46,44000,44001],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,44002,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,44004,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,44006,91],{"class":90},[46,44008,94],{"class":60},[46,44010,2741],{"class":102},[46,44012,4863],{"class":56},[46,44014,2746],{"class":102},[46,44016,1592],{"class":60},[46,44018,44019],{"class":3845},"   # True\n",[46,44021,44022,44024,44026,44028,44030,44032,44034],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,44023,91],{"class":90},[46,44025,94],{"class":60},[46,44027,2741],{"class":102},[46,44029,1283],{"class":1595},[46,44031,2746],{"class":102},[46,44033,1592],{"class":60},[46,44035,44036],{"class":3845},"   # False\n",[46,44038,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,44040,91],{"class":90},[46,44042,94],{"class":60},[46,44044,12817],{"class":90},[46,44046,94],{"class":60},[46,44048,501],{"class":102},[46,44050,106],{"class":60},[46,44052,44053,44055,44057,44059,44061,44063],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,44054,91],{"class":90},[46,44056,94],{"class":60},[46,44058,12817],{"class":90},[46,44060,94],{"class":60},[46,44062,4935],{"class":102},[46,44064,106],{"class":60},[20,44066,2364],{},[172,44068,44069,44077,44085],{},[175,44070,44071,4958,44074,44076],{},[15,44072,44073],{},"a == b",[15,44075,3787],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[175,44078,44079,4958,44082,44084],{},[15,44080,44081],{},"a is b",[15,44083,3856],{}," because they are different list objects",[175,44086,44087,2051,44090,44093],{},[15,44088,44089],{},"id(a)",[15,44091,44092],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44095,44096,44097,2051,44101,507],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[501,44098,44100],{"href":44099},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[501,44102,44104],{"href":44103},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[32,44106,44108],{"id":44107},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44110,44111],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[37,44113,44115],{"className":39,"code":44114,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44116,44117,44137,44147,44151,44165,44180],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44118,44119,44121,44123,44125,44127,44129,44131,44133,44135],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44120,53],{"class":52},[46,44122,57],{"class":56},[46,44124,61],{"class":60},[46,44126,1494],{"class":64},[46,44128,68],{"class":60},[46,44130,7962],{"class":64},[46,44132,68],{"class":60},[46,44134,7967],{"class":64},[46,44136,84],{"class":60},[46,44138,44139,44142,44144],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44140,44141],{"class":52},"other_numbers ",[46,44143,57],{"class":56},[46,44145,44146],{"class":52}," numbers\n",[46,44148,44149],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,44150,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,44152,44153,44155,44157,44159,44161,44163],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,44154,91],{"class":90},[46,44156,94],{"class":60},[46,44158,12817],{"class":90},[46,44160,94],{"class":60},[46,44162,103],{"class":102},[46,44164,106],{"class":60},[46,44166,44167,44169,44171,44173,44175,44178],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,44168,91],{"class":90},[46,44170,94],{"class":60},[46,44172,12817],{"class":90},[46,44174,94],{"class":60},[46,44176,44177],{"class":102},"other_numbers",[46,44179,106],{"class":60},[46,44181,44182,44184,44186,44188,44190,44193],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,44183,91],{"class":90},[46,44185,94],{"class":60},[46,44187,53],{"class":102},[46,44189,1283],{"class":1595},[46,44191,44192],{"class":102}," other_numbers",[46,44194,215],{"class":60},[20,44196,5731],{},[37,44198,44199],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,44200,44201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44202,44203],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44204,4157],{"class":1325},[20,44206,44207,44208,44210],{},"The two ",[15,44209,43652],{}," values will also match.",[20,44212,22356,44213,44216],{},[15,44214,44215],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[32,44218,44220],{"id":44219},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44222,44223],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[37,44225,44227],{"className":39,"code":44226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44228,44229,44250,44271,44275,44290,44304,44319],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44230,44231,44234,44236,44238,44240,44242,44244,44246,44248],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44232,44233],{"class":52},"list_a ",[46,44235,57],{"class":56},[46,44237,61],{"class":60},[46,44239,3175],{"class":64},[46,44241,68],{"class":60},[46,44243,71],{"class":64},[46,44245,68],{"class":60},[46,44247,312],{"class":64},[46,44249,84],{"class":60},[46,44251,44252,44255,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44267,44269],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44253,44254],{"class":52},"list_b ",[46,44256,57],{"class":56},[46,44258,61],{"class":60},[46,44260,3175],{"class":64},[46,44262,68],{"class":60},[46,44264,71],{"class":64},[46,44266,68],{"class":60},[46,44268,312],{"class":64},[46,44270,84],{"class":60},[46,44272,44273],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,44274,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,44276,44277,44279,44281,44283,44285,44288],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,44278,91],{"class":90},[46,44280,94],{"class":60},[46,44282,44233],{"class":102},[46,44284,4863],{"class":56},[46,44286,44287],{"class":102}," list_b",[46,44289,215],{"class":60},[46,44291,44292,44294,44296,44298,44300,44302],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,44293,91],{"class":90},[46,44295,94],{"class":60},[46,44297,44233],{"class":102},[46,44299,1283],{"class":1595},[46,44301,44287],{"class":102},[46,44303,215],{"class":60},[46,44305,44306,44308,44310,44312,44314,44317],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,44307,91],{"class":90},[46,44309,94],{"class":60},[46,44311,12817],{"class":90},[46,44313,94],{"class":60},[46,44315,44316],{"class":102},"list_a",[46,44318,106],{"class":60},[46,44320,44321,44323,44325,44327,44329,44332],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,44322,91],{"class":90},[46,44324,94],{"class":60},[46,44326,12817],{"class":90},[46,44328,94],{"class":60},[46,44330,44331],{"class":102},"list_b",[46,44333,106],{"class":60},[20,44335,5731],{},[37,44337,44339],{"className":39,"code":44338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44340,44341,44345],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44342,44343],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44344,4157],{"class":1325},[46,44346,44347],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44348,4218],{"class":1325},[20,44350,44351],{},"What this means:",[172,44353,44354,44357,44360],{},[175,44355,44356],{},"The lists are equal in value",[175,44358,44359],{},"They are not the same object",[175,44361,44362,44363,44365],{},"Their ",[15,44364,43652],{}," values are usually different",[20,44367,44368,44369,44371,44372,507],{},"This is why ",[15,44370,43652],{}," should not replace ",[15,44373,4863],{},[32,44375,44377,44378,44380],{"id":44376},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44379,43652],{}," is useful",[20,44382,44383,44385],{},[15,44384,43652],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[172,44387,44388,44391,44394,44397],{},[175,44389,44390],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[175,44392,44393],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[175,44395,44396],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[175,44398,44399],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44401,44402,44403,44405],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44404,43652],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[37,44407,44409],{"className":39,"code":44408,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44410,44411,44435,44444,44448,44467,44471,44481,44491,44505],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44412,44413,44415,44417,44419,44421,44423,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44414,12254],{"class":52},[46,44416,57],{"class":56},[46,44418,61],{"class":60},[46,44420,427],{"class":426},[46,44422,501],{"class":430},[46,44424,427],{"class":426},[46,44426,68],{"class":60},[46,44428,438],{"class":426},[46,44430,4935],{"class":430},[46,44432,427],{"class":426},[46,44434,84],{"class":60},[46,44436,44437,44440,44442],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44438,44439],{"class":52},"copy_ref ",[46,44441,57],{"class":56},[46,44443,12292],{"class":52},[46,44445,44446],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,44447,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,44449,44450,44453,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463,44465],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,44451,44452],{"class":52},"copy_ref",[46,44454,507],{"class":60},[46,44456,13720],{"class":102},[46,44458,94],{"class":60},[46,44460,427],{"class":426},[46,44462,9908],{"class":430},[46,44464,427],{"class":426},[46,44466,215],{"class":60},[46,44468,44469],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,44470,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,44472,44473,44475,44477,44479],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,44474,91],{"class":90},[46,44476,94],{"class":60},[46,44478,12301],{"class":102},[46,44480,215],{"class":60},[46,44482,44483,44485,44487,44489],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,44484,91],{"class":90},[46,44486,94],{"class":60},[46,44488,44452],{"class":102},[46,44490,215],{"class":60},[46,44492,44493,44495,44497,44499,44501,44503],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,44494,91],{"class":90},[46,44496,94],{"class":60},[46,44498,12817],{"class":90},[46,44500,94],{"class":60},[46,44502,12301],{"class":102},[46,44504,106],{"class":60},[46,44506,44507,44509,44511,44513,44515,44517],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,44508,91],{"class":90},[46,44510,94],{"class":60},[46,44512,12817],{"class":90},[46,44514,94],{"class":60},[46,44516,44452],{"class":102},[46,44518,106],{"class":60},[20,44520,5731],{},[37,44522,44524],{"className":39,"code":44523,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44525,44526,44554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44527,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550,44552],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44529,1152],{"class":60},[46,44531,1188],{"class":426},[46,44533,501],{"class":430},[46,44535,1188],{"class":426},[46,44537,68],{"class":60},[46,44539,1197],{"class":426},[46,44541,4935],{"class":430},[46,44543,1188],{"class":426},[46,44545,68],{"class":60},[46,44547,1197],{"class":426},[46,44549,9908],{"class":430},[46,44551,1188],{"class":426},[46,44553,84],{"class":60},[46,44555,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44576,44578,44580],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44557,1152],{"class":60},[46,44559,1188],{"class":426},[46,44561,501],{"class":430},[46,44563,1188],{"class":426},[46,44565,68],{"class":60},[46,44567,1197],{"class":426},[46,44569,4935],{"class":430},[46,44571,1188],{"class":426},[46,44573,68],{"class":60},[46,44575,1197],{"class":426},[46,44577,9908],{"class":430},[46,44579,1188],{"class":426},[46,44581,84],{"class":60},[20,44583,44584],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[32,44586,44588,44589],{"id":44587},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44590,43652],{},[20,44592,44593,44594,44596],{},"Do not use ",[15,44595,43652],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44598,44599],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[172,44601,44602,44608,44614,44617],{},[175,44603,44604,44605,44607],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44606,4863],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[175,44609,44610,44611,44613],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44612,43652],{}," values across program runs",[175,44615,44616],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[175,44618,44619,44620],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44621,43652],{},[20,44623,44624],{},"Bad example:",[37,44626,44628],{"className":39,"code":44627,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44629,44630,44642,44654,44658,44680],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44631,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44633,2741],{"class":52},[46,44635,57],{"class":56},[46,44637,438],{"class":426},[46,44639,934],{"class":430},[46,44641,3544],{"class":426},[46,44643,44644,44646,44648,44650,44652],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44645,2769],{"class":52},[46,44647,57],{"class":56},[46,44649,438],{"class":426},[46,44651,934],{"class":430},[46,44653,3544],{"class":426},[46,44655,44656],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,44657,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,44659,44660,44662,44664,44666,44668,44670,44672,44674,44676,44678],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,44661,7170],{"class":1595},[46,44663,14983],{"class":90},[46,44665,94],{"class":60},[46,44667,501],{"class":102},[46,44669,1592],{"class":60},[46,44671,6581],{"class":56},[46,44673,14983],{"class":90},[46,44675,94],{"class":60},[46,44677,4935],{"class":102},[46,44679,8514],{"class":60},[46,44681,44682,44684,44686,44688,44691,44693],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,44683,8240],{"class":90},[46,44685,94],{"class":60},[46,44687,427],{"class":426},[46,44689,44690],{"class":430},"The values are equal",[46,44692,427],{"class":426},[46,44694,215],{"class":60},[20,44696,44697],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[37,44699,44701],{"className":39,"code":44700,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44702,44703,44716],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44704,44705,44707,44710,44712,44714],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44706,7170],{"class":1595},[46,44708,44709],{"class":52}," a ",[46,44711,4863],{"class":56},[46,44713,2746],{"class":52},[46,44715,6566],{"class":60},[46,44717,44718,44720,44722,44724,44726,44728],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44719,8240],{"class":90},[46,44721,94],{"class":60},[46,44723,427],{"class":426},[46,44725,44690],{"class":430},[46,44727,427],{"class":426},[46,44729,215],{"class":60},[20,44731,160,44732,3065,44734,44736],{},[15,44733,1283],{},[15,44735,43652],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[32,44738,20968],{"id":20967},[20,44740,44741],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[172,44743,44744,44747,44750,44755],{},[175,44745,44746],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[175,44748,44749],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[175,44751,44752,44753],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44754,43652],{},[175,44756,44757,44758],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44759,43652],{},[20,44761,44762],{},"The important rule is:",[172,44764,44765,44770],{},[175,44766,160,44767,44769],{},[15,44768,4863],{}," to check value",[175,44771,160,44772,44774],{},[15,44773,1283],{}," to check identity",[20,44776,44777,44778,44780],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44779,43652],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[32,44782,1834],{"id":1833},[20,44784,44785,44786,198],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44787,43652],{},[172,44789,44790,44798,44801,44804,44809],{},[175,44791,578,44792,44794,44795,44797],{},[15,44793,43652],{}," when ",[15,44796,4863],{}," should be used",[175,44799,44800],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[175,44802,44803],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[175,44805,44806,44807],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44808,43652],{},[175,44810,578,44811,44813],{},[15,44812,43652],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44815,44816],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[37,44818,44820],{"className":39,"code":44819,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44821,44822,44837,44851,44865,44879],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,44823,44824,44826,44828,44830,44832,44835],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,44825,91],{"class":90},[46,44827,94],{"class":60},[46,44829,12817],{"class":90},[46,44831,94],{"class":60},[46,44833,44834],{"class":102},"my_object",[46,44836,106],{"class":60},[46,44838,44839,44841,44843,44845,44847,44849],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,44840,91],{"class":90},[46,44842,94],{"class":60},[46,44844,2741],{"class":102},[46,44846,4863],{"class":56},[46,44848,2746],{"class":102},[46,44850,215],{"class":60},[46,44852,44853,44855,44857,44859,44861,44863],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,44854,91],{"class":90},[46,44856,94],{"class":60},[46,44858,2741],{"class":102},[46,44860,1283],{"class":1595},[46,44862,2746],{"class":102},[46,44864,215],{"class":60},[46,44866,44867,44869,44871,44873,44875,44877],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,44868,91],{"class":90},[46,44870,94],{"class":60},[46,44872,1889],{"class":1270},[46,44874,94],{"class":60},[46,44876,44834],{"class":102},[46,44878,106],{"class":60},[46,44880,44881,44883,44885,44887],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,44882,32320],{"class":90},[46,44884,94],{"class":60},[46,44886,12817],{"class":90},[46,44888,215],{"class":60},[32,44890,1991],{"id":1990},[283,44892,44894,44895,12884],{"id":44893},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44896,43652],{},[20,44898,44899],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[283,44901,15069,44903,44905],{"id":44902},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44904,43652],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44907,44908],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[283,44910,21588,44912,44914],{"id":44911},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44913,43652],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44916,30438,44917,44919,44920,3065,44922,44924],{},[15,44918,4863],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44921,43652],{},[15,44923,1283],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[283,44926,44928,44929,2035],{"id":44927},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44930,43652],{},[20,44932,44933],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[283,44935,44937,44938,44940],{"id":44936},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44939,43652],{}," values?",[20,44942,44943],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[32,44945,2065],{"id":2064},[172,44947,44948,44953,44958,44963,44971],{},[175,44949,44950],{},[501,44951,44952],{"href":43790},"Python variables explained for beginners",[175,44954,44955],{},[501,44956,44957],{"href":44099},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[175,44959,44960],{},[501,44961,44962],{"href":44103},"Python data types overview",[175,44964,44965],{},[501,44966,13,44968,506],{"href":44967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44969,44970],{},"isinstance()",[175,44972,44973],{},[501,44974,44976],{"href":44975},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2103,44978,44979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":44981},[44982,44984,44985,44986,44987,44988,44990,44992,44993,44994,45006],{"id":43756,"depth":87,"text":44983},"What id() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":43924,"depth":87,"text":43925},{"id":44107,"depth":87,"text":44108},{"id":44219,"depth":87,"text":44220},{"id":44376,"depth":87,"text":44989},"When id() is useful",{"id":44587,"depth":87,"text":44991},"When not to use id()",{"id":20967,"depth":87,"text":20968},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":44995},[44996,44998,45000,45002,45004],{"id":44893,"depth":109,"text":44997},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44902,"depth":109,"text":44999},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44911,"depth":109,"text":45001},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44927,"depth":109,"text":45003},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44936,"depth":109,"text":45005},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43644,"description":45007},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":45014,"title":42359,"body":45015,"description":46655,"extension":2150,"meta":46656,"navigation":112,"path":46657,"seo":46658,"stem":46659,"__hash__":46660},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45016,"toc":46621},[45017,45022,45027,45030,45032,45075,45080,45083,45088,45093,45096,45112,45114,45158,45160,45187,45189,45204,45206,45208,45210,45226,45228,45240,45243,45277,45280,45305,45310,45312,45317,45321,45324,45326,45374,45376,45409,45415,45426,45428,45480,45482,45513,45515,45519,45523,45566,45572,45578,45630,45638,45643,45647,45738,45740,45773,45776,45778,45838,45840,45866,45876,45878,45882,45887,45892,45894,45931,45933,45952,45955,45959,45962,46018,46030,46039,46041,46068,46076,46083,46087,46090,46127,46130,46136,46173,46175,46179,46185,46203,46208,46256,46260,46349,46352,46359,46361,46363,46368,46386,46388,46431,46437,46454,46456,46518,46520,46522,46528,46536,46542,46548,46557,46567,46571,46579,46581,46583,46618],[10,45018,13,45020,18],{"id":45019},"python-input-function-explained",[15,45021,3144],{},[20,45023,882,45024,45026],{},[15,45025,3144],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,45028,45029],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[32,45031,35],{"id":34},[37,45033,45035],{"className":39,"code":45034,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45036,45037,45056],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45038,45039,45041,45043,45045,45047,45049,45052,45054],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45040,8047],{"class":52},[46,45042,57],{"class":56},[46,45044,8414],{"class":90},[46,45046,94],{"class":60},[46,45048,427],{"class":426},[46,45050,45051],{"class":430},"Enter your name: ",[46,45053,427],{"class":426},[46,45055,215],{"class":60},[46,45057,45058,45060,45062,45064,45067,45069,45071,45073],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45059,91],{"class":90},[46,45061,94],{"class":60},[46,45063,427],{"class":426},[46,45065,45066],{"class":430},"Hello, ",[46,45068,427],{"class":426},[46,45070,2640],{"class":56},[46,45072,36160],{"class":102},[46,45074,215],{"class":60},[20,45076,160,45077,45079],{},[15,45078,3144],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45081,45082],"hr",{},[32,45084,167,45086,170],{"id":45085},"what-input-does",[15,45087,3144],{},[20,45089,45090,45092],{},[15,45091,3144],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45094,45095],{},"Here is what happens:",[172,45097,45098,45103,45106,45109],{},[175,45099,45100,45102],{},[15,45101,3144],{}," waits for the user to type",[175,45104,45105],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[175,45107,45108],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[175,45110,45111],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45113,2393],{},[37,45115,45117],{"className":39,"code":45116,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45118,45119,45139],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45120,45121,45124,45126,45128,45130,45132,45135,45137],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45122,45123],{"class":52},"color ",[46,45125,57],{"class":56},[46,45127,8414],{"class":90},[46,45129,94],{"class":60},[46,45131,427],{"class":426},[46,45133,45134],{"class":430},"What is your favorite color? ",[46,45136,427],{"class":426},[46,45138,215],{"class":60},[46,45140,45141,45143,45145,45147,45150,45152,45154,45156],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45142,91],{"class":90},[46,45144,94],{"class":60},[46,45146,427],{"class":426},[46,45148,45149],{"class":430},"Your favorite color is",[46,45151,427],{"class":426},[46,45153,68],{"class":60},[46,45155,36021],{"class":102},[46,45157,215],{"class":60},[20,45159,30197],{},[37,45161,45163],{"className":39,"code":45162,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45164,45165,45178],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45166,45167,45169,45171,45174,45176],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45168,167],{"class":52},[46,45170,1283],{"class":56},[46,45172,45173],{"class":52}," your favorite color",[46,45175,2035],{"class":37535},[46,45177,36051],{"class":52},[46,45179,45180,45183,45185],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45181,45182],{"class":52},"Your favorite color ",[46,45184,1283],{"class":56},[46,45186,36051],{"class":52},[20,45188,20124],{},[172,45190,45191,45196,45201],{},[175,45192,45193,45194],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45195,45134],{},[175,45197,45198,45199],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45200,33059],{},[175,45202,45203],{},"That value is then printed",[45081,45205],{},[32,45207,2343],{"id":2342},[20,45209,7391],{},[37,45211,45213],{"className":39,"code":45212,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45214,45215],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45216,45217,45219,45221,45224],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45218,42626],{"class":90},[46,45220,94],{"class":60},[46,45222,45223],{"class":102},"prompt",[46,45225,215],{"class":60},[20,45227,888],{},[172,45229,45230,45234,45237],{},[175,45231,882,45232,20206],{},[15,45233,45223],{},[175,45235,45236],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[175,45238,45239],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45241,45242],{},"Example with a prompt:",[37,45244,45246],{"className":39,"code":45245,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45247,45248,45267],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45249,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258,45260,45263,45265],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45251,8132],{"class":52},[46,45253,57],{"class":56},[46,45255,8414],{"class":90},[46,45257,94],{"class":60},[46,45259,427],{"class":426},[46,45261,45262],{"class":430},"Enter your username: ",[46,45264,427],{"class":426},[46,45266,215],{"class":60},[46,45268,45269,45271,45273,45275],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45270,91],{"class":90},[46,45272,94],{"class":60},[46,45274,8156],{"class":102},[46,45276,215],{"class":60},[20,45278,45279],{},"Example without a prompt:",[37,45281,45283],{"className":39,"code":45282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45284,45285,45295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45286,45287,45289,45291,45293],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45288,2633],{"class":52},[46,45290,57],{"class":56},[46,45292,8414],{"class":90},[46,45294,8814],{"class":60},[46,45296,45297,45299,45301,45303],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45298,91],{"class":90},[46,45300,94],{"class":60},[46,45302,2659],{"class":102},[46,45304,215],{"class":60},[20,45306,7935,45307,45309],{},[15,45308,3144],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45081,45311],{},[32,45313,167,45315,11874],{"id":45314},"what-input-returns",[15,45316,3144],{},[20,45318,45319,8397],{},[15,45320,3144],{},[20,45322,45323],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45325,2393],{},[37,45327,45329],{"className":39,"code":45328,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45330,45331,45350,45360],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45332,45333,45335,45337,45339,45341,45343,45346,45348],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45334,21795],{"class":52},[46,45336,57],{"class":56},[46,45338,8414],{"class":90},[46,45340,94],{"class":60},[46,45342,427],{"class":426},[46,45344,45345],{"class":430},"Enter your age: ",[46,45347,427],{"class":426},[46,45349,215],{"class":60},[46,45351,45352,45354,45356,45358],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45353,91],{"class":90},[46,45355,94],{"class":60},[46,45357,9468],{"class":102},[46,45359,215],{"class":60},[46,45361,45362,45364,45366,45368,45370,45372],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45363,91],{"class":90},[46,45365,94],{"class":60},[46,45367,1889],{"class":1270},[46,45369,94],{"class":60},[46,45371,9468],{"class":102},[46,45373,106],{"class":60},[20,45375,30197],{},[37,45377,45379],{"className":39,"code":45378,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45380,45381,45391,45395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45382,45383,45386,45388],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45384,45385],{"class":52},"Enter your age",[46,45387,198],{"class":60},[46,45389,45390],{"class":64}," 25\n",[46,45392,45393],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45394,2896],{"class":64},[46,45396,45397,45399,45401,45403,45405,45407],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45398,3476],{"class":56},[46,45400,3479],{"class":1140},[46,45402,1197],{"class":426},[46,45404,1769],{"class":430},[46,45406,1188],{"class":426},[46,45408,3488],{"class":56},[20,45410,45411,45412,45414],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45413,9364],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45416,45417,45418,3065,45422,507],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[501,45419,45420],{"href":3061},[15,45421,3064],{},[501,45423,45424],{"href":3068},[15,45425,3071],{},[20,45427,2393],{},[37,45429,45431],{"className":39,"code":45430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45432,45433,45456,45466],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45434,45435,45437,45439,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45436,21795],{"class":52},[46,45438,57],{"class":56},[46,45440,45441],{"class":1270}," int",[46,45443,94],{"class":60},[46,45445,42626],{"class":90},[46,45447,94],{"class":60},[46,45449,427],{"class":426},[46,45451,45345],{"class":430},[46,45453,427],{"class":426},[46,45455,106],{"class":60},[46,45457,45458,45460,45462,45464],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45459,91],{"class":90},[46,45461,94],{"class":60},[46,45463,9468],{"class":102},[46,45465,215],{"class":60},[46,45467,45468,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45469,91],{"class":90},[46,45471,94],{"class":60},[46,45473,1889],{"class":1270},[46,45475,94],{"class":60},[46,45477,9468],{"class":102},[46,45479,106],{"class":60},[20,45481,30197],{},[37,45483,45485],{"className":39,"code":45484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45486,45487,45495,45499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45488,45489,45491,45493],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45490,45385],{"class":52},[46,45492,198],{"class":60},[46,45494,45390],{"class":64},[46,45496,45497],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45498,2896],{"class":64},[46,45500,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45502,3476],{"class":56},[46,45504,3479],{"class":1140},[46,45506,1197],{"class":426},[46,45508,1584],{"class":430},[46,45510,1188],{"class":426},[46,45512,3488],{"class":56},[45081,45514],{},[32,45516,45518],{"id":45517},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[283,45520,45522],{"id":45521},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[37,45524,45526],{"className":39,"code":45525,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45527,45528,45547],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45529,45530,45532,45534,45536,45538,45540,45543,45545],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45531,8047],{"class":52},[46,45533,57],{"class":56},[46,45535,8414],{"class":90},[46,45537,94],{"class":60},[46,45539,427],{"class":426},[46,45541,45542],{"class":430},"What is your name? ",[46,45544,427],{"class":426},[46,45546,215],{"class":60},[46,45548,45549,45551,45553,45555,45558,45560,45562,45564],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45550,91],{"class":90},[46,45552,94],{"class":60},[46,45554,427],{"class":426},[46,45556,45557],{"class":430},"Hello,",[46,45559,427],{"class":426},[46,45561,68],{"class":60},[46,45563,36160],{"class":102},[46,45565,215],{"class":60},[20,45567,45568,45569,45571],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45570,1009],{}," and prints it.",[283,45573,45575,45576],{"id":45574},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45577,3064],{},[37,45579,45581],{"className":39,"code":45580,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45582,45583,45606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45584,45585,45587,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45602,45604],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45586,21795],{"class":52},[46,45588,57],{"class":56},[46,45590,45441],{"class":1270},[46,45592,94],{"class":60},[46,45594,42626],{"class":90},[46,45596,94],{"class":60},[46,45598,427],{"class":426},[46,45600,45601],{"class":430},"How old are you? ",[46,45603,427],{"class":426},[46,45605,106],{"class":60},[46,45607,45608,45610,45612,45614,45617,45619,45621,45624,45626,45628],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45609,91],{"class":90},[46,45611,94],{"class":60},[46,45613,427],{"class":426},[46,45615,45616],{"class":430},"Next year you will be",[46,45618,427],{"class":426},[46,45620,68],{"class":60},[46,45622,45623],{"class":102}," age ",[46,45625,2246],{"class":56},[46,45627,81],{"class":64},[46,45629,215],{"class":60},[20,45631,6232,45632,45634,45635,45637],{},[15,45633,3064],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45636,3144],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45639,45640,45641,507],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[501,45642,9153],{"href":9152},[283,45644,45646],{"id":45645},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[37,45648,45650],{"className":39,"code":45649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45651,45652,45676,45700,45714,45718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45653,45654,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45669,45672,45674],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45655,45656],{"class":52},"num1 ",[46,45658,57],{"class":56},[46,45660,45441],{"class":1270},[46,45662,94],{"class":60},[46,45664,42626],{"class":90},[46,45666,94],{"class":60},[46,45668,427],{"class":426},[46,45670,45671],{"class":430},"Enter the first number: ",[46,45673,427],{"class":426},[46,45675,106],{"class":60},[46,45677,45678,45681,45683,45685,45687,45689,45691,45693,45696,45698],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45679,45680],{"class":52},"num2 ",[46,45682,57],{"class":56},[46,45684,45441],{"class":1270},[46,45686,94],{"class":60},[46,45688,42626],{"class":90},[46,45690,94],{"class":60},[46,45692,427],{"class":426},[46,45694,45695],{"class":430},"Enter the second number: ",[46,45697,427],{"class":426},[46,45699,106],{"class":60},[46,45701,45702,45704,45706,45709,45711],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45703,41347],{"class":52},[46,45705,57],{"class":56},[46,45707,45708],{"class":52}," num1 ",[46,45710,2246],{"class":56},[46,45712,45713],{"class":52}," num2\n",[46,45715,45716],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,45717,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,45719,45720,45722,45724,45726,45729,45731,45733,45736],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,45721,91],{"class":90},[46,45723,94],{"class":60},[46,45725,427],{"class":426},[46,45727,45728],{"class":430},"Total:",[46,45730,427],{"class":426},[46,45732,68],{"class":60},[46,45734,45735],{"class":102}," total",[46,45737,215],{"class":60},[20,45739,30197],{},[37,45741,45743],{"className":39,"code":45742,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45744,45745,45755,45764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45746,45747,45750,45752],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45748,45749],{"class":52},"Enter the first number",[46,45751,198],{"class":60},[46,45753,45754],{"class":64}," 2\n",[46,45756,45757,45760,45762],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45758,45759],{"class":52},"Enter the second number",[46,45761,198],{"class":60},[46,45763,2764],{"class":64},[46,45765,45766,45769,45771],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45767,45768],{"class":52},"Total",[46,45770,198],{"class":60},[46,45772,35011],{"class":64},[20,45774,45775],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45777,2393],{},[37,45779,45781],{"className":39,"code":45780,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45782,45783,45801,45819,45823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45784,45785,45787,45789,45791,45793,45795,45797,45799],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45786,45656],{"class":52},[46,45788,57],{"class":56},[46,45790,8414],{"class":90},[46,45792,94],{"class":60},[46,45794,427],{"class":426},[46,45796,45671],{"class":430},[46,45798,427],{"class":426},[46,45800,215],{"class":60},[46,45802,45803,45805,45807,45809,45811,45813,45815,45817],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45804,45680],{"class":52},[46,45806,57],{"class":56},[46,45808,8414],{"class":90},[46,45810,94],{"class":60},[46,45812,427],{"class":426},[46,45814,45695],{"class":430},[46,45816,427],{"class":426},[46,45818,215],{"class":60},[46,45820,45821],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45822,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,45824,45825,45827,45829,45831,45833,45836],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,45826,91],{"class":90},[46,45828,94],{"class":60},[46,45830,45656],{"class":102},[46,45832,2246],{"class":56},[46,45834,45835],{"class":102}," num2",[46,45837,215],{"class":60},[20,45839,30197],{},[37,45841,45843],{"className":39,"code":45842,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45844,45845,45853,45861],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45846,45847,45849,45851],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45848,45749],{"class":52},[46,45850,198],{"class":60},[46,45852,45754],{"class":64},[46,45854,45855,45857,45859],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45856,45759],{"class":52},[46,45858,198],{"class":60},[46,45860,2764],{"class":64},[46,45862,45863],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,45864,45865],{"class":64},"23\n",[20,45867,45868,45869,45872,45873,507],{},"That happens because ",[15,45870,45871],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45874,45875],{},"\"23\"",[45081,45877],{},[32,45879,45881],{"id":45880},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45883,45884,45885,507],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45886,3144],{},[283,45888,1859,45890,41707],{"id":45889},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45891,3144],{},[20,45893,39364],{},[37,45895,45897],{"className":39,"code":45896,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45898,45899,45917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45900,45901,45903,45905,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45902,2633],{"class":52},[46,45904,57],{"class":56},[46,45906,8414],{"class":90},[46,45908,94],{"class":60},[46,45910,427],{"class":426},[46,45912,42036],{"class":430},[46,45914,427],{"class":426},[46,45916,215],{"class":60},[46,45918,45919,45921,45923,45925,45927,45929],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45920,91],{"class":90},[46,45922,94],{"class":60},[46,45924,1889],{"class":1270},[46,45926,94],{"class":60},[46,45928,2659],{"class":102},[46,45930,106],{"class":60},[20,45932,143],{},[37,45934,45936],{"className":39,"code":45935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45937,45938],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45939,45940,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45941,3476],{"class":56},[46,45943,3479],{"class":1140},[46,45945,1197],{"class":426},[46,45947,1769],{"class":430},[46,45949,1188],{"class":426},[46,45951,3488],{"class":56},[20,45953,45954],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[283,45956,45958],{"id":45957},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45960,45961],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[37,45963,45965],{"className":39,"code":45964,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45966,45967,45985,46004],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,45968,45969,45971,45973,45975,45977,45979,45981,45983],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,45970,2741],{"class":52},[46,45972,57],{"class":56},[46,45974,8414],{"class":90},[46,45976,94],{"class":60},[46,45978,427],{"class":426},[46,45980,42036],{"class":430},[46,45982,427],{"class":426},[46,45984,215],{"class":60},[46,45986,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997,46000,46002],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,45988,2769],{"class":52},[46,45990,57],{"class":56},[46,45992,8414],{"class":90},[46,45994,94],{"class":60},[46,45996,427],{"class":426},[46,45998,45999],{"class":430},"Enter another number: ",[46,46001,427],{"class":426},[46,46003,215],{"class":60},[46,46005,46006,46008,46010,46012,46014,46016],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46007,91],{"class":90},[46,46009,94],{"class":60},[46,46011,2741],{"class":102},[46,46013,2246],{"class":56},[46,46015,2746],{"class":102},[46,46017,215],{"class":60},[20,46019,41285,46020,2051,46022,46024,46025,19131,46028,507],{},[15,46021,2691],{},[15,46023,65],{},", the result is ",[15,46026,46027],{},"45",[15,46029,2329],{},[283,46031,46033,46034,46036,46037],{"id":46032},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46035,573],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46038,3064],{},[20,46040,2393],{},[37,46042,46044],{"className":39,"code":46043,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46045,46046],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46047,46048,46050,46052,46054,46056,46058,46060,46062,46064,46066],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46049,21795],{"class":52},[46,46051,57],{"class":56},[46,46053,45441],{"class":1270},[46,46055,94],{"class":60},[46,46057,42626],{"class":90},[46,46059,94],{"class":60},[46,46061,427],{"class":426},[46,46063,45345],{"class":430},[46,46065,427],{"class":426},[46,46067,106],{"class":60},[20,46069,8443,46070,46073,46074,507],{},[15,46071,46072],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46075,573],{},[20,46077,46078,46079,507],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[501,46080,46082],{"href":46081},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[283,46084,46086],{"id":46085},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46088,46089],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[37,46091,46093],{"className":39,"code":46092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46094,46095,46113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46096,46097,46099,46101,46103,46105,46107,46109,46111],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46098,8047],{"class":52},[46,46100,57],{"class":56},[46,46102,8414],{"class":90},[46,46104,94],{"class":60},[46,46106,427],{"class":426},[46,46108,45051],{"class":430},[46,46110,427],{"class":426},[46,46112,215],{"class":60},[46,46114,46115,46117,46119,46121,46123,46125],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46116,91],{"class":90},[46,46118,94],{"class":60},[46,46120,41944],{"class":90},[46,46122,94],{"class":60},[46,46124,1009],{"class":102},[46,46126,106],{"class":60},[20,46128,46129],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46131,46132,46133,198],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46134,46135],{},".strip()",[37,46137,46139],{"className":39,"code":46138,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46140,46141,46163],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46142,46143,46145,46147,46149,46151,46153,46155,46157,46159,46161],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46144,8047],{"class":52},[46,46146,57],{"class":56},[46,46148,8414],{"class":90},[46,46150,94],{"class":60},[46,46152,427],{"class":426},[46,46154,45051],{"class":430},[46,46156,427],{"class":426},[46,46158,8803],{"class":60},[46,46160,8806],{"class":102},[46,46162,8814],{"class":60},[46,46164,46165,46167,46169,46171],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46166,91],{"class":90},[46,46168,94],{"class":60},[46,46170,1009],{"class":102},[46,46172,215],{"class":60},[45081,46174],{},[32,46176,46178],{"id":46177},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46180,46181,46182,46184],{},"These habits make ",[15,46183,3144],{}," easier and safer to use.",[172,46186,46187,46190,46195,46198],{},[175,46188,46189],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[175,46191,160,46192,46194],{},[15,46193,46135],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[175,46196,46197],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[175,46199,160,46200,46202],{},[15,46201,29949],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46204,46205,46206,198],{},"Example with ",[15,46207,46135],{},[37,46209,46211],{"className":39,"code":46210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46212,46213,46237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46214,46215,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46229,46231,46233,46235],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46216,46217],{"class":52},"city ",[46,46219,57],{"class":56},[46,46221,8414],{"class":90},[46,46223,94],{"class":60},[46,46225,427],{"class":426},[46,46227,46228],{"class":430},"Enter your city: ",[46,46230,427],{"class":426},[46,46232,8803],{"class":60},[46,46234,8806],{"class":102},[46,46236,8814],{"class":60},[46,46238,46239,46241,46243,46245,46248,46250,46252,46254],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46240,91],{"class":90},[46,46242,94],{"class":60},[46,46244,427],{"class":426},[46,46246,46247],{"class":430},"City:",[46,46249,427],{"class":426},[46,46251,68],{"class":60},[46,46253,31552],{"class":102},[46,46255,215],{"class":60},[20,46257,46205,46258,198],{},[15,46259,29949],{},[37,46261,46263],{"className":39,"code":46262,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46264,46265,46271,46294,46326,46334],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46266,46267,46269],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46268,29971],{"class":1595},[46,46270,6566],{"class":60},[46,46272,46273,46276,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46288,46290,46292],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46274,46275],{"class":52},"    age ",[46,46277,57],{"class":56},[46,46279,45441],{"class":1270},[46,46281,94],{"class":60},[46,46283,42626],{"class":90},[46,46285,94],{"class":60},[46,46287,427],{"class":426},[46,46289,45345],{"class":430},[46,46291,427],{"class":426},[46,46293,106],{"class":60},[46,46295,46296,46298,46300,46302,46305,46307,46309,46311,46313,46315,46317,46319,46322,46324],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46297,8240],{"class":90},[46,46299,94],{"class":60},[46,46301,427],{"class":426},[46,46303,46304],{"class":430},"You will be",[46,46306,427],{"class":426},[46,46308,68],{"class":60},[46,46310,45623],{"class":102},[46,46312,2246],{"class":56},[46,46314,81],{"class":64},[46,46316,68],{"class":60},[46,46318,438],{"class":426},[46,46320,46321],{"class":430},"next year",[46,46323,427],{"class":426},[46,46325,215],{"class":60},[46,46327,46328,46330,46332],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,46329,30002],{"class":1595},[46,46331,42091],{"class":1270},[46,46333,6566],{"class":60},[46,46335,46336,46338,46340,46342,46345,46347],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,46337,8240],{"class":90},[46,46339,94],{"class":60},[46,46341,427],{"class":426},[46,46343,46344],{"class":430},"Please enter a whole number.",[46,46346,427],{"class":426},[46,46348,215],{"class":60},[20,46350,46351],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46353,46354,46355,507],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[501,46356,46358],{"href":46357},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45081,46360],{},[32,46362,1834],{"id":1833},[20,46364,46365,46366,198],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46367,3144],{},[172,46369,46370,46377,46380,46383],{},[175,46371,46372,46373,3065,46375],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46374,3064],{},[15,46376,3071],{},[175,46378,46379],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[175,46381,46382],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[175,46384,46385],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46387,32250],{},[37,46389,46391],{"className":39,"code":46390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46392,46393,46403,46417],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46394,46395,46397,46399,46401],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46396,91],{"class":90},[46,46398,94],{"class":60},[46,46400,2659],{"class":102},[46,46402,215],{"class":60},[46,46404,46405,46407,46409,46411,46413,46415],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46406,91],{"class":90},[46,46408,94],{"class":60},[46,46410,1889],{"class":1270},[46,46412,94],{"class":60},[46,46414,2659],{"class":102},[46,46416,106],{"class":60},[46,46418,46419,46421,46423,46425,46427,46429],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46420,91],{"class":90},[46,46422,94],{"class":60},[46,46424,41944],{"class":90},[46,46426,94],{"class":60},[46,46428,2659],{"class":102},[46,46430,106],{"class":60},[20,46432,46433,46434,46436],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46435,3144],{}," actually returned:",[172,46438,46439,46444,46449],{},[175,46440,46441,46443],{},[15,46442,41992],{}," shows the value",[175,46445,46446,46448],{},[15,46447,41998],{}," shows the data type",[175,46450,46451,46453],{},[15,46452,42003],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46455,2393],{},[37,46457,46459],{"className":39,"code":46458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46460,46461,46480,46490,46504],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46462,46463,46465,46467,46469,46471,46473,46476,46478],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46464,2633],{"class":52},[46,46466,57],{"class":56},[46,46468,8414],{"class":90},[46,46470,94],{"class":60},[46,46472,427],{"class":426},[46,46474,46475],{"class":430},"Enter something: ",[46,46477,427],{"class":426},[46,46479,215],{"class":60},[46,46481,46482,46484,46486,46488],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46483,91],{"class":90},[46,46485,94],{"class":60},[46,46487,2659],{"class":102},[46,46489,215],{"class":60},[46,46491,46492,46494,46496,46498,46500,46502],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46493,91],{"class":90},[46,46495,94],{"class":60},[46,46497,1889],{"class":1270},[46,46499,94],{"class":60},[46,46501,2659],{"class":102},[46,46503,106],{"class":60},[46,46505,46506,46508,46510,46512,46514,46516],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,46507,91],{"class":90},[46,46509,94],{"class":60},[46,46511,41944],{"class":90},[46,46513,94],{"class":60},[46,46515,2659],{"class":102},[46,46517,106],{"class":60},[45081,46519],{},[32,46521,1991],{"id":1990},[283,46523,12872,46525,46527],{"id":46524},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46526,3144],{}," return an integer?",[20,46529,46530,46531,46533,46534,40095],{},"No. ",[15,46532,3144],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46535,3064],{},[283,46537,46539,46540,2035],{"id":46538},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46541,3144],{},[20,46543,46544,46545,46547],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46546,3144],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[283,46549,5330,46551,46554,46555,2035],{"id":46550},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46552,46553],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46556,3144],{},[20,46558,29228,46559,46561,46562,42320,46564,46566],{},[15,46560,3144],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46563,45871],{},[15,46565,45875],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[283,46568,46570],{"id":46569},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46572,160,46573,46575,46576,507],{},[15,46574,46135],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46577,46578],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45081,46580],{},[32,46582,2065],{"id":2064},[172,46584,46585,46590,46594,46600,46606,46610],{},[175,46586,46587],{},[501,46588,46589],{"href":46357},"How to get user input in Python",[175,46591,46592],{},[501,46593,9230],{"href":9152},[175,46595,46596],{},[501,46597,13,46598,506],{"href":3061},[15,46599,3064],{},[175,46601,46602],{},[501,46603,13,46604,506],{"href":3068},[15,46605,3071],{},[175,46607,46608],{},[501,46609,46082],{"href":46081},[175,46611,46612],{},[501,46613,13,46615,506],{"href":46614},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46616,46617],{},"print()",[2103,46619,46620],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":46622},[46623,46624,46626,46627,46629,46635,46643,46644,46645,46654],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":45085,"depth":87,"text":46625},"What input() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":45314,"depth":87,"text":46628},"What input() returns",{"id":45517,"depth":87,"text":45518,"children":46630},[46631,46632,46634],{"id":45521,"depth":109,"text":45522},{"id":45574,"depth":109,"text":46633},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45645,"depth":109,"text":45646},{"id":45880,"depth":87,"text":45881,"children":46636},[46637,46639,46640,46642],{"id":45889,"depth":109,"text":46638},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45957,"depth":109,"text":45958},{"id":46032,"depth":109,"text":46641},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46085,"depth":109,"text":46086},{"id":46177,"depth":87,"text":46178},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":46646},[46647,46649,46651,46653],{"id":46524,"depth":109,"text":46648},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46538,"depth":109,"text":46650},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46550,"depth":109,"text":46652},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46569,"depth":109,"text":46570},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42359,"description":46655},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46662,"title":42261,"body":46663,"description":48973,"extension":2150,"meta":48974,"navigation":112,"path":48975,"seo":48976,"stem":48977,"__hash__":48978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46664,"toc":48925},[46665,46670,46675,46680,46701,46704,46706,46766,46768,46787,46792,46797,46802,46804,46817,46819,46902,46904,46945,46951,46953,46983,46989,46992,47009,47011,47063,47065,47082,47088,47094,47097,47115,47117,47190,47192,47211,47218,47223,47228,47231,47291,47293,47312,47315,47318,47333,47339,47343,47404,47406,47426,47430,47559,47561,47691,47701,47707,47713,47721,47787,47789,47814,47817,47834,47847,47853,47856,47889,47891,47904,47907,47950,47952,47960,47967,47971,47978,47982,48009,48011,48019,48025,48042,48047,48051,48078,48080,48088,48092,48097,48100,48126,48129,48138,48146,48150,48160,48164,48167,48169,48220,48222,48252,48262,48289,48291,48299,48309,48313,48316,48318,48366,48368,48412,48418,48469,48471,48490,48495,48500,48503,48522,48525,48577,48579,48588,48590,48594,48598,48601,48610,48617,48619,48646,48650,48652,48661,48664,48671,48677,48737,48741,48743,48751,48754,48780,48786,48789,48809,48811,48820,48828,48830,48836,48841,48848,48858,48864,48872,48876,48879,48881,48922],[10,46666,13,46668,18],{"id":46667},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46669,3064],{},[20,46671,32485,46672,46674],{},[15,46673,3064],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46676,35575,46677,46679],{},[15,46678,3064],{}," when they want to:",[172,46681,46682,46692,46695,46698],{},[175,46683,46684,46685,46688,46689],{},"turn text like ",[15,46686,46687],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46690,46691],{},"42",[175,46693,46694],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[175,46696,46697],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[175,46699,46700],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46702,46703],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[32,46705,35],{"id":34},[37,46707,46709],{"className":39,"code":46708,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46710,46711,46729,46743],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46712,46713,46715,46717,46719,46721,46723,46725,46727],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46714,91],{"class":90},[46,46716,94],{"class":60},[46,46718,1584],{"class":1270},[46,46720,94],{"class":60},[46,46722,427],{"class":426},[46,46724,46691],{"class":430},[46,46726,427],{"class":426},[46,46728,106],{"class":60},[46,46730,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739,46741],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46732,91],{"class":90},[46,46734,94],{"class":60},[46,46736,1584],{"class":1270},[46,46738,94],{"class":60},[46,46740,42149],{"class":64},[46,46742,106],{"class":60},[46,46744,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753,46755,46758,46760,46762,46764],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46746,91],{"class":90},[46,46748,94],{"class":60},[46,46750,1584],{"class":1270},[46,46752,94],{"class":60},[46,46754,427],{"class":426},[46,46756,46757],{"class":430},"101",[46,46759,427],{"class":426},[46,46761,68],{"class":60},[46,46763,71],{"class":64},[46,46765,106],{"class":60},[20,46767,143],{},[37,46769,46771],{"className":39,"code":46770,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46772,46773,46778,46783],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46774,46775],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46776,46777],{"class":64},"42\n",[46,46779,46780],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46781,46782],{"class":64},"3\n",[46,46784,46785],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46786,1626],{"class":64},[20,46788,160,46789,46791],{},[15,46790,3064],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[32,46793,167,46795,170],{"id":46794},"what-int-does",[15,46796,3064],{},[20,46798,46799,46801],{},[15,46800,3064],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46803,13219],{},[172,46805,46806,46811,46814],{},[175,46807,46808,46809,7513],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46810,1584],{},[175,46812,46813],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[175,46815,46816],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46818,2393],{},[37,46820,46822],{"className":39,"code":46821,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46823,46824,46836,46850,46854,46864,46874,46888],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46825,46826,46828,46830,46832,46834],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46827,34856],{"class":52},[46,46829,57],{"class":56},[46,46831,438],{"class":426},[46,46833,9364],{"class":430},[46,46835,3544],{"class":426},[46,46837,46838,46840,46842,46844,46846,46848],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46839,2403],{"class":52},[46,46841,57],{"class":56},[46,46843,45441],{"class":1270},[46,46845,94],{"class":60},[46,46847,34877],{"class":102},[46,46849,215],{"class":60},[46,46851,46852],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46853,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,46855,46856,46858,46860,46862],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,46857,91],{"class":90},[46,46859,94],{"class":60},[46,46861,34877],{"class":102},[46,46863,215],{"class":60},[46,46865,46866,46868,46870,46872],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,46867,91],{"class":90},[46,46869,94],{"class":60},[46,46871,2426],{"class":102},[46,46873,215],{"class":60},[46,46875,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884,46886],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,46877,91],{"class":90},[46,46879,94],{"class":60},[46,46881,1889],{"class":1270},[46,46883,94],{"class":60},[46,46885,34877],{"class":102},[46,46887,106],{"class":60},[46,46889,46890,46892,46894,46896,46898,46900],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,46891,91],{"class":90},[46,46893,94],{"class":60},[46,46895,1889],{"class":1270},[46,46897,94],{"class":60},[46,46899,2426],{"class":102},[46,46901,106],{"class":60},[20,46903,143],{},[37,46905,46907],{"className":39,"code":46906,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46908,46909,46913,46917,46931],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46910,46911],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46912,2896],{"class":64},[46,46914,46915],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46916,2896],{"class":64},[46,46918,46919,46921,46923,46925,46927,46929],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,46920,3476],{"class":56},[46,46922,3479],{"class":1140},[46,46924,1197],{"class":426},[46,46926,1769],{"class":430},[46,46928,1188],{"class":426},[46,46930,3488],{"class":56},[46,46932,46933,46935,46937,46939,46941,46943],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,46934,3476],{"class":56},[46,46936,3479],{"class":1140},[46,46938,1197],{"class":426},[46,46940,1584],{"class":430},[46,46942,1188],{"class":426},[46,46944,3488],{"class":56},[20,46946,46947,46948,46950],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46949,3064],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[32,46952,2343],{"id":2342},[37,46954,46956],{"className":39,"code":46955,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46957,46958,46968],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,46959,46960,46962,46964,46966],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,46961,1584],{"class":1270},[46,46963,94],{"class":60},[46,46965,1589],{"class":102},[46,46967,215],{"class":60},[46,46969,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46981],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,46971,1584],{"class":1270},[46,46973,94],{"class":60},[46,46975,1589],{"class":102},[46,46977,68],{"class":60},[46,46979,46980],{"class":102}," base",[46,46982,215],{"class":60},[283,46984,46986],{"id":46985},"intx",[15,46987,46988],{},"int(x)",[20,46990,46991],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[172,46993,46994,46999,47004],{},[175,46995,46996,46997],{},"a string such as ",[15,46998,42291],{},[175,47000,47001,47002],{},"a float such as ",[15,47003,42149],{},[175,47005,47006,47007],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,47008,3787],{},[20,47010,2393],{},[37,47012,47014],{"className":39,"code":47013,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,47015,47016,47034,47049],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47017,47018,47020,47022,47024,47026,47028,47030,47032],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47019,91],{"class":90},[46,47021,94],{"class":60},[46,47023,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47025,94],{"class":60},[46,47027,427],{"class":426},[46,47029,1494],{"class":430},[46,47031,427],{"class":426},[46,47033,106],{"class":60},[46,47035,47036,47038,47040,47042,47044,47047],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47037,91],{"class":90},[46,47039,94],{"class":60},[46,47041,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47043,94],{"class":60},[46,47045,47046],{"class":64},"8.7",[46,47048,106],{"class":60},[46,47050,47051,47053,47055,47057,47059,47061],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47052,91],{"class":90},[46,47054,94],{"class":60},[46,47056,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47058,94],{"class":60},[46,47060,3787],{"class":1325},[46,47062,106],{"class":60},[20,47064,143],{},[37,47066,47068],{"className":39,"code":47067,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47069,47070,47074,47078],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47071,47072],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47073,2562],{"class":64},[46,47075,47076],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47077,2567],{"class":64},[46,47079,47080],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47081,153],{"class":64},[283,47083,47085],{"id":47084},"intx-base",[15,47086,47087],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47089,47090,47091,47093],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47092,1589],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47095,47096],{},"Common bases:",[172,47098,47099,47104,47109],{},[175,47100,47101,47103],{},[15,47102,2243],{}," for binary",[175,47105,47106,47108],{},[15,47107,307],{}," for octal",[175,47110,47111,47114],{},[15,47112,47113],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47116,2393],{},[37,47118,47120],{"className":39,"code":47119,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47121,47122,47144,47167],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47123,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132,47134,47136,47138,47140,47142],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47125,91],{"class":90},[46,47127,94],{"class":60},[46,47129,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47131,94],{"class":60},[46,47133,427],{"class":426},[46,47135,46757],{"class":430},[46,47137,427],{"class":426},[46,47139,68],{"class":60},[46,47141,71],{"class":64},[46,47143,106],{"class":60},[46,47145,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47159,47161,47163,47165],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47147,91],{"class":90},[46,47149,94],{"class":60},[46,47151,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47153,94],{"class":60},[46,47155,427],{"class":426},[46,47157,47158],{"class":430},"17",[46,47160,427],{"class":426},[46,47162,68],{"class":60},[46,47164,6532],{"class":64},[46,47166,106],{"class":60},[46,47168,47169,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179,47182,47184,47186,47188],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47170,91],{"class":90},[46,47172,94],{"class":60},[46,47174,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47176,94],{"class":60},[46,47178,427],{"class":426},[46,47180,47181],{"class":430},"1A",[46,47183,427],{"class":426},[46,47185,68],{"class":60},[46,47187,14155],{"class":64},[46,47189,106],{"class":60},[20,47191,143],{},[37,47193,47195],{"className":39,"code":47194,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47196,47197,47201,47206],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47198,47199],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47200,1626],{"class":64},[46,47202,47203],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47204,47205],{"class":64},"15\n",[46,47207,47208],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47209,47210],{"class":64},"26\n",[20,47212,47213,47214,507],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[501,47215,47216,2490],{"href":3068},[15,47217,3071],{},[32,47219,578,47221,725],{"id":47220},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47222,3064],{},[20,47224,47225,47227],{},[15,47226,3064],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47229,47230],{},"Examples that work:",[37,47232,47234],{"className":39,"code":47233,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47235,47236,47254,47272],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47237,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47239,91],{"class":90},[46,47241,94],{"class":60},[46,47243,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47245,94],{"class":60},[46,47247,427],{"class":426},[46,47249,65],{"class":430},[46,47251,427],{"class":426},[46,47253,106],{"class":60},[46,47255,47256,47258,47260,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47257,91],{"class":90},[46,47259,94],{"class":60},[46,47261,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47263,94],{"class":60},[46,47265,427],{"class":426},[46,47267,2479],{"class":430},[46,47269,427],{"class":426},[46,47271,106],{"class":60},[46,47273,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284,47287,47289],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47275,91],{"class":90},[46,47277,94],{"class":60},[46,47279,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47281,94],{"class":60},[46,47283,427],{"class":426},[46,47285,47286],{"class":430},"  42  ",[46,47288,427],{"class":426},[46,47290,106],{"class":60},[20,47292,143],{},[37,47294,47296],{"className":39,"code":47295,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47297,47298,47302,47308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47299,47300],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47301,1626],{"class":64},[46,47303,47304,47306],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47305,2208],{"class":56},[46,47307,2411],{"class":64},[46,47309,47310],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47311,46777],{"class":64},[20,47313,47314],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47316,47317],{},"Examples that fail:",[37,47319,47321],{"className":39,"code":47320,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47322,47323,47328],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47324,47325],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47326,47327],{"class":3845},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[46,47329,47330],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47331,47332],{"class":3845},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47334,47335,47336,47338],{},"These raise ",[15,47337,573],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[283,47340,47342],{"id":47341},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[37,47344,47346],{"className":39,"code":47345,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47347,47348,47366,47385],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47349,47350,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362,47364],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47351,91],{"class":90},[46,47353,94],{"class":60},[46,47355,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47357,94],{"class":60},[46,47359,427],{"class":426},[46,47361,554],{"class":430},[46,47363,427],{"class":426},[46,47365,106],{"class":60},[46,47367,47368,47370,47372,47374,47376,47378,47381,47383],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47369,91],{"class":90},[46,47371,94],{"class":60},[46,47373,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47375,94],{"class":60},[46,47377,427],{"class":426},[46,47379,47380],{"class":430},"+7",[46,47382,427],{"class":426},[46,47384,106],{"class":60},[46,47386,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395,47397,47400,47402],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47388,91],{"class":90},[46,47390,94],{"class":60},[46,47392,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47394,94],{"class":60},[46,47396,427],{"class":426},[46,47398,47399],{"class":430},"-100",[46,47401,427],{"class":426},[46,47403,106],{"class":60},[20,47405,143],{},[37,47407,47409],{"className":39,"code":47408,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47410,47411,47415,47419],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47412,47413],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47414,561],{"class":64},[46,47416,47417],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47418,2266],{"class":64},[46,47420,47421,47423],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47422,2208],{"class":56},[46,47424,47425],{"class":64},"100\n",[283,47427,47429],{"id":47428},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[37,47431,47433],{"className":39,"code":47432,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47434,47435,47473,47477,47489,47496,47511,47526],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47436,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445,47447,47449,47451,47453,47456,47458,47460,47462,47464,47466,47469,47471],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47438,4004],{"class":52},[46,47440,57],{"class":56},[46,47442,61],{"class":60},[46,47444,427],{"class":426},[46,47446,40309],{"class":430},[46,47448,427],{"class":426},[46,47450,68],{"class":60},[46,47452,438],{"class":426},[46,47454,47455],{"class":430},"12abc",[46,47457,427],{"class":426},[46,47459,68],{"class":60},[46,47461,6298],{"class":426},[46,47463,68],{"class":60},[46,47465,438],{"class":426},[46,47467,47468],{"class":430},"seven",[46,47470,427],{"class":426},[46,47472,84],{"class":60},[46,47474,47475],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47476,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,47478,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47480,6129],{"class":1595},[46,47482,21751],{"class":52},[46,47484,1602],{"class":1595},[46,47486,4064],{"class":52},[46,47488,6566],{"class":60},[46,47490,47491,47494],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,47492,47493],{"class":1595},"    try",[46,47495,6566],{"class":60},[46,47497,47498,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,47499,47500],{"class":90},"        print",[46,47502,94],{"class":60},[46,47504,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47506,94],{"class":60},[46,47508,2659],{"class":102},[46,47510,106],{"class":60},[46,47512,47513,47516,47518,47521,47524],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,47514,47515],{"class":1595},"    except",[46,47517,42091],{"class":1270},[46,47519,47520],{"class":1595}," as",[46,47522,47523],{"class":52}," error",[46,47525,6566],{"class":60},[46,47527,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536,47538,47540,47543,47545,47548,47550,47553,47555,47557],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,47529,47500],{"class":90},[46,47531,94],{"class":60},[46,47533,22461],{"class":1140},[46,47535,427],{"class":430},[46,47537,1185],{"class":64},[46,47539,2659],{"class":102},[46,47541,47542],{"class":1140},"!r",[46,47544,22470],{"class":64},[46,47546,47547],{"class":430}," -> ",[46,47549,1185],{"class":64},[46,47551,47552],{"class":102},"error",[46,47554,22470],{"class":64},[46,47556,427],{"class":430},[46,47558,215],{"class":60},[20,47560,143],{},[37,47562,47564],{"className":39,"code":47563,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47565,47566,47602,47634,47659],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47567,47568,47570,47572,47574,47577,47580,47582,47584,47586,47589,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47569,1188],{"class":43492},[46,47571,40309],{"class":43496},[46,47573,1188],{"class":43492},[46,47575,47576],{"class":37535}," ->",[46,47578,47579],{"class":52}," invalid literal ",[46,47581,6129],{"class":1595},[46,47583,45441],{"class":1270},[46,47585,1277],{"class":60},[46,47587,47588],{"class":1595}," with",[46,47590,47591],{"class":52}," base ",[46,47593,1494],{"class":64},[46,47595,198],{"class":60},[46,47597,1197],{"class":426},[46,47599,40309],{"class":430},[46,47601,29867],{"class":426},[46,47603,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624,47626,47628,47630,47632],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47605,1188],{"class":426},[46,47607,47455],{"class":430},[46,47609,1188],{"class":426},[46,47611,47576],{"class":37535},[46,47613,47579],{"class":52},[46,47615,6129],{"class":1595},[46,47617,45441],{"class":1270},[46,47619,1277],{"class":60},[46,47621,47588],{"class":1595},[46,47623,47591],{"class":52},[46,47625,1494],{"class":64},[46,47627,198],{"class":60},[46,47629,1197],{"class":426},[46,47631,47455],{"class":430},[46,47633,29867],{"class":426},[46,47635,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47637,3955],{"class":426},[46,47639,47576],{"class":37535},[46,47641,47579],{"class":52},[46,47643,6129],{"class":1595},[46,47645,45441],{"class":1270},[46,47647,1277],{"class":60},[46,47649,47588],{"class":1595},[46,47651,47591],{"class":52},[46,47653,1494],{"class":64},[46,47655,198],{"class":60},[46,47657,47658],{"class":426}," ''\n",[46,47660,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687,47689],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,47662,1188],{"class":426},[46,47664,47468],{"class":430},[46,47666,1188],{"class":426},[46,47668,47576],{"class":37535},[46,47670,47579],{"class":52},[46,47672,6129],{"class":1595},[46,47674,45441],{"class":1270},[46,47676,1277],{"class":60},[46,47678,47588],{"class":1595},[46,47680,47591],{"class":52},[46,47682,1494],{"class":64},[46,47684,198],{"class":60},[46,47686,1197],{"class":426},[46,47688,47468],{"class":430},[46,47690,29867],{"class":426},[20,47692,47693,47694,47696,47697,507],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[501,47695,9153],{"href":9152}," and the ",[501,47698,47699,2490],{"href":8391},[15,47700,3144],{},[32,47702,578,47704,47706],{"id":47703},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47705,3064],{}," with floats",[20,47708,47709,47710,47712],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47711,3064],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47714,47715,47716,14221,47718,47720],{},"Important: ",[15,47717,3064],{},[3924,47719,4805],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[37,47722,47724],{"className":39,"code":47723,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47725,47726,47740,47755,47771],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47727,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47729,91],{"class":90},[46,47731,94],{"class":60},[46,47733,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47735,94],{"class":60},[46,47737,42149],{"class":64},[46,47739,106],{"class":60},[46,47741,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750,47753],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47743,91],{"class":90},[46,47745,94],{"class":60},[46,47747,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47749,94],{"class":60},[46,47751,47752],{"class":64},"3.1",[46,47754,106],{"class":60},[46,47756,47757,47759,47761,47763,47765,47767,47769],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47758,91],{"class":90},[46,47760,94],{"class":60},[46,47762,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47764,94],{"class":60},[46,47766,2208],{"class":56},[46,47768,42149],{"class":64},[46,47770,106],{"class":60},[46,47772,47773,47775,47777,47779,47781,47783,47785],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,47774,91],{"class":90},[46,47776,94],{"class":60},[46,47778,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47780,94],{"class":60},[46,47782,2208],{"class":56},[46,47784,47752],{"class":64},[46,47786,106],{"class":60},[20,47788,143],{},[37,47790,47792],{"className":39,"code":47791,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47793,47794,47798,47802,47808],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47795,47796],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47797,46782],{"class":64},[46,47799,47800],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47801,46782],{"class":64},[46,47803,47804,47806],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47805,2208],{"class":56},[46,47807,46782],{"class":64},[46,47809,47810,47812],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,47811,2208],{"class":56},[46,47813,46782],{"class":64},[20,47815,47816],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[172,47818,47819,47826],{},[175,47820,47821,42320,47824],{},[15,47822,47823],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47825,2249],{},[175,47827,47828,42320,47831],{},[15,47829,47830],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47832,47833],{},"-3",[20,47835,47836,47837,47841,47842,507],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[501,47838,47839],{"href":3068},[15,47840,3071],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[501,47843,47844],{"href":42340},[15,47845,47846],{},"str()",[32,47848,578,47850,47852],{"id":47849},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47851,3064],{}," with booleans",[20,47854,47855],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[37,47857,47859],{"className":39,"code":47858,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47860,47861,47875],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47862,47863,47865,47867,47869,47871,47873],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47864,91],{"class":90},[46,47866,94],{"class":60},[46,47868,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47870,94],{"class":60},[46,47872,3787],{"class":1325},[46,47874,106],{"class":60},[46,47876,47877,47879,47881,47883,47885,47887],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47878,91],{"class":90},[46,47880,94],{"class":60},[46,47882,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47884,94],{"class":60},[46,47886,3856],{"class":1325},[46,47888,106],{"class":60},[20,47890,143],{},[37,47892,47894],{"className":39,"code":47893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n0\n",[15,47895,47896,47900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47897,47898],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47899,153],{"class":64},[46,47901,47902],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47903,561],{"class":64},[20,47905,47906],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[37,47908,47910],{"className":39,"code":47909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47911,47912,47921,47936,47940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47913,47914,47917,47919],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47915,47916],{"class":52},"passed ",[46,47918,57],{"class":56},[46,47920,6595],{"class":1325},[46,47922,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931,47934],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,47924,41347],{"class":52},[46,47926,57],{"class":56},[46,47928,45441],{"class":1270},[46,47930,94],{"class":60},[46,47932,47933],{"class":102},"passed",[46,47935,215],{"class":60},[46,47937,47938],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,47939,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,47941,47942,47944,47946,47948],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,47943,91],{"class":90},[46,47945,94],{"class":60},[46,47947,41376],{"class":102},[46,47949,215],{"class":60},[20,47951,143],{},[37,47953,47954],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,47955,47956],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47957,47958],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47959,153],{"class":64},[20,47961,47962,47963,507],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[501,47964,47965,2490],{"href":5952},[15,47966,3994],{},[32,47968,47970],{"id":47969},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47972,47973,47974,47977],{},"Use the ",[15,47975,47976],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[283,47979,47981],{"id":47980},"binary-example","Binary example",[37,47983,47985],{"className":39,"code":47984,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47986,47987],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,47988,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999,48001,48003,48005,48007],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,47990,91],{"class":90},[46,47992,94],{"class":60},[46,47994,1584],{"class":1270},[46,47996,94],{"class":60},[46,47998,427],{"class":426},[46,48000,46757],{"class":430},[46,48002,427],{"class":426},[46,48004,68],{"class":60},[46,48006,71],{"class":64},[46,48008,106],{"class":60},[20,48010,143],{},[37,48012,48013],{"className":39,"code":1626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,48014,48015],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48016,48017],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48018,1626],{"class":64},[20,48020,48021,48024],{},[15,48022,48023],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[172,48026,48027,48032,48037],{},[175,48028,48029],{},[15,48030,48031],{},"1 × 4",[175,48033,48034],{},[15,48035,48036],{},"0 × 2",[175,48038,48039],{},[15,48040,48041],{},"1 × 1",[20,48043,48044,48045,507],{},"So the result is ",[15,48046,65],{},[283,48048,48050],{"id":48049},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[37,48052,48054],{"className":39,"code":48053,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48055,48056],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48057,48058,48060,48062,48064,48066,48068,48070,48072,48074,48076],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48059,91],{"class":90},[46,48061,94],{"class":60},[46,48063,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48065,94],{"class":60},[46,48067,427],{"class":426},[46,48069,47181],{"class":430},[46,48071,427],{"class":426},[46,48073,68],{"class":60},[46,48075,14155],{"class":64},[46,48077,106],{"class":60},[20,48079,143],{},[37,48081,48082],{"className":39,"code":47210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,48083,48084],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48085,48086],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48087,47210],{"class":64},[283,48089,48091],{"id":48090},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48093,882,48094,48096],{},[15,48095,47976],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48098,48099],{},"Good:",[37,48101,48102],{"className":39,"code":47984,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,48103,48104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48105,48106,48108,48110,48112,48114,48116,48118,48120,48122,48124],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48107,91],{"class":90},[46,48109,94],{"class":60},[46,48111,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48113,94],{"class":60},[46,48115,427],{"class":426},[46,48117,46757],{"class":430},[46,48119,427],{"class":426},[46,48121,68],{"class":60},[46,48123,71],{"class":64},[46,48125,106],{"class":60},[20,48127,48128],{},"Not correct:",[37,48130,48132],{"className":39,"code":48131,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48133,48134],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48135,48136],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48137,48131],{"class":3845},[20,48139,48140,48141,8773,48143,48145],{},"That causes a ",[15,48142,1638],{},[15,48144,47976],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[32,48147,48149],{"id":48148},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48151,48152,48153,48155,48156,2051,48158,507],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48154,3064],{}," are ",[15,48157,573],{},[15,48159,1638],{},[283,48161,48162],{"id":41678},[15,48163,573],{},[20,48165,48166],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48168,2393],{},[37,48170,48172],{"className":39,"code":48171,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48173,48174,48180,48198,48210],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48175,48176,48178],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48177,29971],{"class":1595},[46,48179,6566],{"class":60},[46,48181,48182,48184,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194,48196],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,48183,8240],{"class":90},[46,48185,94],{"class":60},[46,48187,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48189,94],{"class":60},[46,48191,427],{"class":426},[46,48193,40309],{"class":430},[46,48195,427],{"class":426},[46,48197,106],{"class":60},[46,48199,48200,48202,48204,48206,48208],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,48201,30002],{"class":1595},[46,48203,42091],{"class":1270},[46,48205,47520],{"class":1595},[46,48207,47523],{"class":52},[46,48209,6566],{"class":60},[46,48211,48212,48214,48216,48218],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,48213,8240],{"class":90},[46,48215,94],{"class":60},[46,48217,47552],{"class":102},[46,48219,215],{"class":60},[20,48221,143],{},[37,48223,48225],{"className":39,"code":48224,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48226,48227],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48228,48229,48232,48234,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244,48246,48248,48250],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48230,48231],{"class":52},"invalid literal ",[46,48233,6129],{"class":1595},[46,48235,45441],{"class":1270},[46,48237,1277],{"class":60},[46,48239,47588],{"class":1595},[46,48241,47591],{"class":52},[46,48243,1494],{"class":64},[46,48245,198],{"class":60},[46,48247,1197],{"class":426},[46,48249,40309],{"class":430},[46,48251,29867],{"class":426},[20,48253,48254,48255,48258,48259,48261],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48256,48257],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48260,3064],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[37,48263,48265],{"className":39,"code":48264,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48266,48267],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48268,48269,48271,48273,48275,48277,48279,48281,48283,48285,48287],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48270,91],{"class":90},[46,48272,94],{"class":60},[46,48274,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48276,94],{"class":60},[46,48278,2377],{"class":1270},[46,48280,94],{"class":60},[46,48282,427],{"class":426},[46,48284,40309],{"class":430},[46,48286,427],{"class":426},[46,48288,3099],{"class":60},[20,48290,143],{},[37,48292,48293],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,48294,48295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48296,48297],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48298,46782],{"class":64},[20,48300,48301,48302,2051,48305,507],{},"If you see this often, read ",[501,48303,48304],{"href":3148},"how to convert string to int in Python",[501,48306,25847,48307],{"href":46081},[15,48308,46082],{},[283,48310,48311],{"id":41744},[15,48312,1638],{},[20,48314,48315],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48317,2393],{},[37,48319,48321],{"className":39,"code":48320,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48322,48323,48329,48343,48356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48324,48325,48327],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48326,29971],{"class":1595},[46,48328,6566],{"class":60},[46,48330,48331,48333,48335,48337,48339,48341],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,48332,8240],{"class":90},[46,48334,94],{"class":60},[46,48336,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48338,94],{"class":60},[46,48340,1326],{"class":1325},[46,48342,106],{"class":60},[46,48344,48345,48347,48350,48352,48354],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,48346,30002],{"class":1595},[46,48348,48349],{"class":1270}," TypeError",[46,48351,47520],{"class":1595},[46,48353,47523],{"class":52},[46,48355,6566],{"class":60},[46,48357,48358,48360,48362,48364],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,48359,8240],{"class":90},[46,48361,94],{"class":60},[46,48363,47552],{"class":102},[46,48365,215],{"class":60},[20,48367,143],{},[37,48369,48371],{"className":39,"code":48370,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48372,48373],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48374,48375,48377,48379,48382,48384,48386,48389,48391,48394,48396,48399,48401,48403,48405,48407,48410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48376,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48378,1277],{"class":60},[46,48380,48381],{"class":52}," argument must be a string",[46,48383,68],{"class":60},[46,48385,44709],{"class":52},[46,48387,48388],{"class":1270},"bytes",[46,48390,2208],{"class":56},[46,48392,48393],{"class":52},"like ",[46,48395,42562],{"class":1270},[46,48397,48398],{"class":56}," or",[46,48400,41004],{"class":52},[46,48402,68],{"class":60},[46,48404,8271],{"class":56},[46,48406,1197],{"class":426},[46,48408,48409],{"class":430},"NoneType",[46,48411,29867],{"class":426},[20,48413,48414,48415,48417],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48416,47976],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[37,48419,48421],{"className":39,"code":48420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48422,48423,48429,48447,48459],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48424,48425,48427],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48426,29971],{"class":1595},[46,48428,6566],{"class":60},[46,48430,48431,48433,48435,48437,48439,48441,48443,48445],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,48432,8240],{"class":90},[46,48434,94],{"class":60},[46,48436,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48438,94],{"class":60},[46,48440,46757],{"class":64},[46,48442,68],{"class":60},[46,48444,71],{"class":64},[46,48446,106],{"class":60},[46,48448,48449,48451,48453,48455,48457],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,48450,30002],{"class":1595},[46,48452,48349],{"class":1270},[46,48454,47520],{"class":1595},[46,48456,47523],{"class":52},[46,48458,6566],{"class":60},[46,48460,48461,48463,48465,48467],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,48462,8240],{"class":90},[46,48464,94],{"class":60},[46,48466,47552],{"class":102},[46,48468,215],{"class":60},[20,48470,143],{},[37,48472,48474],{"className":39,"code":48473,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48475,48476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48477,48478,48480,48482,48485,48487],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48479,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48481,1277],{"class":60},[46,48483,48484],{"class":52}," can",[46,48486,1188],{"class":426},[46,48488,48489],{"class":430},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[32,48491,1794,48493],{"id":48492},"when-to-use-int",[15,48494,3064],{},[20,48496,160,48497,48499],{},[15,48498,3064],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48501,48502],{},"Common uses:",[172,48504,48505,48511,48514,48517],{},[175,48506,48507,48508,48510],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48509,3144],{}," into integers",[175,48512,48513],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[175,48515,48516],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[175,48518,48519,48520,36785],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48521,47976],{},[20,48523,48524],{},"Example with user input:",[37,48526,48528],{"className":39,"code":48527,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48529,48530,48544,48559,48563],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48531,48532,48535,48537,48539,48542],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48533,48534],{"class":52},"age_text ",[46,48536,57],{"class":56},[46,48538,438],{"class":426},[46,48540,48541],{"class":430},"18",[46,48543,3544],{"class":426},[46,48545,48546,48548,48550,48552,48554,48557],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,48547,21795],{"class":52},[46,48549,57],{"class":56},[46,48551,45441],{"class":1270},[46,48553,94],{"class":60},[46,48555,48556],{"class":102},"age_text",[46,48558,215],{"class":60},[46,48560,48561],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,48562,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,48564,48565,48567,48569,48571,48573,48575],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,48566,91],{"class":90},[46,48568,94],{"class":60},[46,48570,21795],{"class":102},[46,48572,2246],{"class":56},[46,48574,81],{"class":64},[46,48576,215],{"class":60},[20,48578,143],{},[37,48580,48582],{"className":39,"code":48581,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"19\n",[15,48583,48584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48585,48586],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48587,48581],{"class":64},[32,48589,1834],{"id":1833},[20,48591,14900,48592,507],{},[15,48593,3064],{},[283,48595,48597],{"id":48596},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48599,48600],{},"This fails:",[37,48602,48604],{"className":39,"code":48603,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48605,48606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48607,48608],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48609,48603],{"class":3845},[20,48611,48612,48613,48616],{},"Why: ",[15,48614,48615],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48618,19008],{},[37,48620,48622],{"className":39,"code":48621,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48623,48624],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48625,48626,48628,48630,48632,48634,48636,48638,48640,48642,48644],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48627,91],{"class":90},[46,48629,94],{"class":60},[46,48631,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48633,94],{"class":60},[46,48635,2377],{"class":1270},[46,48637,94],{"class":60},[46,48639,427],{"class":426},[46,48641,41288],{"class":430},[46,48643,427],{"class":426},[46,48645,3099],{"class":60},[283,48647,48649],{"id":48648},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48651,48600],{},[37,48653,48655],{"className":39,"code":48654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48656,48657],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48658,48659],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48660,48654],{"class":3845},[20,48662,48663],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[283,48665,48667,48668],{"id":48666},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48669,48670],{},"int(None)",[20,48672,48673,48674,48676],{},"This fails because ",[15,48675,1326],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[37,48678,48680],{"className":39,"code":48679,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48681,48682,48691,48695,48701,48715,48727],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48683,48684,48686,48688],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48685,2633],{"class":52},[46,48687,57],{"class":56},[46,48689,48690],{"class":1325}," None\n",[46,48692,48693],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,48694,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,48696,48697,48699],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,48698,29971],{"class":1595},[46,48700,6566],{"class":60},[46,48702,48703,48705,48707,48709,48711,48713],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,48704,8240],{"class":90},[46,48706,94],{"class":60},[46,48708,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48710,94],{"class":60},[46,48712,2659],{"class":102},[46,48714,106],{"class":60},[46,48716,48717,48719,48721,48723,48725],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,48718,30002],{"class":1595},[46,48720,48349],{"class":1270},[46,48722,47520],{"class":1595},[46,48724,47523],{"class":52},[46,48726,6566],{"class":60},[46,48728,48729,48731,48733,48735],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,48730,8240],{"class":90},[46,48732,94],{"class":60},[46,48734,47552],{"class":102},[46,48736,215],{"class":60},[283,48738,48740],{"id":48739},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48742,48600],{},[37,48744,48745],{"className":39,"code":48131,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,48746,48747],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48748,48749],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48750,48131],{"class":3845},[20,48752,48753],{},"Use a string instead:",[37,48755,48756],{"className":39,"code":47984,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,48757,48758],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48759,48760,48762,48764,48766,48768,48770,48772,48774,48776,48778],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48761,91],{"class":90},[46,48763,94],{"class":60},[46,48765,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48767,94],{"class":60},[46,48769,427],{"class":426},[46,48771,46757],{"class":430},[46,48773,427],{"class":426},[46,48775,68],{"class":60},[46,48777,71],{"class":64},[46,48779,106],{"class":60},[283,48781,1853,48783,48785],{"id":48782},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48784,3064],{}," to round",[20,48787,48788],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[37,48790,48792],{"className":39,"code":48791,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48793,48794],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48795,48796,48798,48800,48802,48804,48807],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48797,91],{"class":90},[46,48799,94],{"class":60},[46,48801,1584],{"class":1270},[46,48803,94],{"class":60},[46,48805,48806],{"class":64},"4.9",[46,48808,106],{"class":60},[20,48810,143],{},[37,48812,48814],{"className":39,"code":48813,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4\n",[15,48815,48816],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,48817,48818],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,48819,48813],{"class":64},[20,48821,3355,48822,48824,48825,48827],{},[15,48823,65],{},", remember that ",[15,48826,3064],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[32,48829,1991],{"id":1990},[283,48831,12872,48833,48835],{"id":48832},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48834,3064],{}," round numbers?",[20,48837,46530,48838,48840],{},[15,48839,3064],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[283,48842,5330,48844,48847],{"id":48843},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48845,48846],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48849,29228,48850,48852,48853,48855,48856,40095],{},[15,48851,48257],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48854,3071],{}," first, then use ",[15,48857,3064],{},[283,48859,1995,48861,12884],{"id":48860},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48862,48863],{},"int(True)",[20,48865,5320,48866,28481,48868,42320,48870,507],{},[15,48867,3175],{},[15,48869,3856],{},[15,48871,554],{},[283,48873,48875],{"id":48874},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48877,48878],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[32,48880,2065],{"id":2064},[172,48882,48883,48889,48895,48901,48906,48910,48916],{},[175,48884,48885],{},[501,48886,48887,506],{"href":3068},[15,48888,3071],{},[175,48890,48891],{},[501,48892,48893,506],{"href":42340},[15,48894,47846],{},[175,48896,48897],{},[501,48898,48899,506],{"href":5952},[15,48900,3994],{},[175,48902,48903],{},[501,48904,48905],{"href":3148},"How to convert string to int in Python",[175,48907,48908],{},[501,48909,9230],{"href":9152},[175,48911,48912],{},[501,48913,48914,506],{"href":8391},[15,48915,3144],{},[175,48917,48918],{},[501,48919,30515,48920],{"href":46081},[15,48921,46082],{},[2103,48923,48924],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":48926},[48927,48928,48930,48934,48939,48941,48943,48948,48952,48954,48963,48972],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":46794,"depth":87,"text":48929},"What int() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":48931},[48932,48933],{"id":46985,"depth":109,"text":46988},{"id":47084,"depth":109,"text":47087},{"id":47220,"depth":87,"text":48935,"children":48936},"Using int() with strings",[48937,48938],{"id":47341,"depth":109,"text":47342},{"id":47428,"depth":109,"text":47429},{"id":47703,"depth":87,"text":48940},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47849,"depth":87,"text":48942},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47969,"depth":87,"text":47970,"children":48944},[48945,48946,48947],{"id":47980,"depth":109,"text":47981},{"id":48049,"depth":109,"text":48050},{"id":48090,"depth":109,"text":48091},{"id":48148,"depth":87,"text":48149,"children":48949},[48950,48951],{"id":41678,"depth":109,"text":573},{"id":41744,"depth":109,"text":1638},{"id":48492,"depth":87,"text":48953},"When to use int()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":48955},[48956,48957,48958,48960,48961],{"id":48596,"depth":109,"text":48597},{"id":48648,"depth":109,"text":48649},{"id":48666,"depth":109,"text":48959},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48739,"depth":109,"text":48740},{"id":48782,"depth":109,"text":48962},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":48964},[48965,48967,48969,48971],{"id":48832,"depth":109,"text":48966},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48843,"depth":109,"text":48968},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48860,"depth":109,"text":48970},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48874,"depth":109,"text":48875},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42261,"description":48973},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48980,"title":48981,"body":48982,"description":50818,"extension":2150,"meta":50819,"navigation":112,"path":44967,"seo":50820,"stem":50821,"__hash__":50822},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48983,"toc":50774},[48984,48989,48994,49002,49011,49013,49072,49078,49083,49088,49091,49119,49122,49125,49136,49146,49148,49150,49170,49174,49202,49204,49243,49245,49253,49255,49258,49262,49315,49317,49329,49333,49390,49392,49404,49410,49416,49420,49423,49426,49492,49494,49506,49512,49514,49566,49569,49610,49613,49620,49629,49635,49638,49671,49677,49680,49711,49717,49720,49732,49736,49741,49745,49903,49905,49920,49923,49927,50031,50033,50050,50054,50115,50117,50125,50128,50132,50199,50201,50210,50216,50218,50227,50229,50264,50269,50271,50301,50305,50307,50344,50347,50349,50386,50392,50394,50444,50446,50454,50464,50470,50474,50479,50528,50530,50543,50546,50548,50551,50626,50629,50648,50651,50681,50691,50693,50698,50705,50711,50717,50724,50732,50738,50741,50743,50771],[10,48985,13,48987,18],{"id":48986},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48988,44970],{},[20,48990,48991,48993],{},[15,48992,44970],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48995,48996,48997,3065,48999,49001],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48998,3787],{},[15,49000,3856],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,49003,49004,49005,49007,49008,49010],{},"In many cases, ",[15,49006,44970],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,49009,2489],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[32,49012,3792],{"id":3791},[37,49014,49016],{"className":39,"code":49015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,49017,49018,49026,49030,49051],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49019,49020,49022,49024],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49021,2633],{"class":52},[46,49023,57],{"class":56},[46,49025,2774],{"class":64},[46,49027,49028],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49029,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49031,49032,49034,49036,49039,49041,49043,49045,49047,49049],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49033,91],{"class":90},[46,49035,94],{"class":60},[46,49037,49038],{"class":90},"isinstance",[46,49040,94],{"class":60},[46,49042,2659],{"class":102},[46,49044,68],{"class":60},[46,49046,45441],{"class":1270},[46,49048,5533],{"class":60},[46,49050,44019],{"class":3845},[46,49052,49053,49055,49057,49059,49061,49063,49065,49068,49070],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,49054,91],{"class":90},[46,49056,94],{"class":60},[46,49058,49038],{"class":90},[46,49060,94],{"class":60},[46,49062,2659],{"class":102},[46,49064,68],{"class":60},[46,49066,49067],{"class":1270}," str",[46,49069,5533],{"class":60},[46,49071,44036],{"class":3845},[20,49073,160,49074,49077],{},[15,49075,49076],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[32,49079,167,49081,170],{"id":49080},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49082,44970],{},[20,49084,49085,49087],{},[15,49086,44970],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49089,49090],{},"It:",[172,49092,49093,49096,49102,49105],{},[175,49094,49095],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[175,49097,11592,49098,3065,49100],{},[15,49099,3787],{},[15,49101,3856],{},[175,49103,49104],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[175,49106,49107,49108,2374,49110,2374,49112,2374,49114,17238,49117],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49109,1769],{},[15,49111,1584],{},[15,49113,8265],{},[15,49115,49116],{},"tuple",[15,49118,8993],{},[20,49120,49121],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49123,49124],{},"For example, you might want to:",[172,49126,49127,49130,49133],{},[175,49128,49129],{},"loop through a list",[175,49131,49132],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[175,49134,49135],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49137,49138,49139,3065,49142,507],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[501,49140,44962],{"href":49141},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[501,49143,49145],{"href":49144},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[32,49147,2343],{"id":2342},[20,49149,2346],{},[37,49151,49153],{"className":39,"code":49152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49154,49155],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49156,49157,49159,49161,49163,49165,49168],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49158,49038],{"class":90},[46,49160,94],{"class":60},[46,49162,42562],{"class":1270},[46,49164,68],{"class":60},[46,49166,49167],{"class":102}," classinfo",[46,49169,215],{"class":60},[283,49171,49173],{"id":49172},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[172,49175,49176,49181,49195],{},[175,49177,49178,49180],{},[15,49179,42562],{}," is the value you want to test",[175,49182,49183,49186,49187,2374,49189,2374,49191,2378,49193],{},[15,49184,49185],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49188,1584],{},[15,49190,1769],{},[15,49192,8265],{},[15,49194,8993],{},[175,49196,49197,49198,3065,49200],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49199,3787],{},[15,49201,3856],{},[20,49203,2393],{},[37,49205,49207],{"className":39,"code":49206,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49208,49209,49221,49225],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49210,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49212,8047],{"class":52},[46,49214,57],{"class":56},[46,49216,438],{"class":426},[46,49218,11677],{"class":430},[46,49220,3544],{"class":426},[46,49222,49223],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49224,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49226,49227,49229,49231,49233,49235,49237,49239,49241],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49228,91],{"class":90},[46,49230,94],{"class":60},[46,49232,49038],{"class":90},[46,49234,94],{"class":60},[46,49236,1009],{"class":102},[46,49238,68],{"class":60},[46,49240,49067],{"class":1270},[46,49242,106],{"class":60},[20,49244,143],{},[37,49246,49247],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,49248,49249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49250,49251],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49252,4157],{"class":1325},[32,49254,11643],{"id":11642},[20,49256,49257],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[283,49259,49261],{"id":49260},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[37,49263,49265],{"className":39,"code":49264,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49266,49267,49275,49279,49297],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49268,49269,49271,49273],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49270,2633],{"class":52},[46,49272,57],{"class":56},[46,49274,45390],{"class":64},[46,49276,49277],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49278,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49280,49281,49283,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293,49295],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49282,91],{"class":90},[46,49284,94],{"class":60},[46,49286,49038],{"class":90},[46,49288,94],{"class":60},[46,49290,2659],{"class":102},[46,49292,68],{"class":60},[46,49294,45441],{"class":1270},[46,49296,106],{"class":60},[46,49298,49299,49301,49303,49305,49307,49309,49311,49313],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,49300,91],{"class":90},[46,49302,94],{"class":60},[46,49304,49038],{"class":90},[46,49306,94],{"class":60},[46,49308,2659],{"class":102},[46,49310,68],{"class":60},[46,49312,49067],{"class":1270},[46,49314,106],{"class":60},[20,49316,143],{},[37,49318,49319],{"className":39,"code":44338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,49320,49321,49325],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49322,49323],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49324,4157],{"class":1325},[46,49326,49327],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49328,4218],{"class":1325},[283,49330,49332],{"id":49331},"check-text","Check text",[37,49334,49336],{"className":39,"code":49335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49337,49338,49350,49354,49372],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49339,49340,49342,49344,49346,49348],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49341,34856],{"class":52},[46,49343,57],{"class":56},[46,49345,438],{"class":426},[46,49347,4027],{"class":430},[46,49349,3544],{"class":426},[46,49351,49352],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49353,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49355,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49357,91],{"class":90},[46,49359,94],{"class":60},[46,49361,49038],{"class":90},[46,49363,94],{"class":60},[46,49365,34877],{"class":102},[46,49367,68],{"class":60},[46,49369,49067],{"class":1270},[46,49371,106],{"class":60},[46,49373,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,49375,91],{"class":90},[46,49377,94],{"class":60},[46,49379,49038],{"class":90},[46,49381,94],{"class":60},[46,49383,34877],{"class":102},[46,49385,68],{"class":60},[46,49387,45441],{"class":1270},[46,49389,106],{"class":60},[20,49391,143],{},[37,49393,49394],{"className":39,"code":44338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,49395,49396,49400],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49397,49398],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49399,4157],{"class":1325},[46,49401,49402],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49403,4218],{"class":1325},[20,49405,49406,49407,49409],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49408,44970],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49411,49412,49413,507],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[501,49414,49415],{"href":3148},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[32,49417,49419],{"id":49418},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49421,49422],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49424,49425],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[37,49427,49429],{"className":39,"code":49428,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49430,49431,49440,49444,49468],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49432,49433,49435,49437],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49434,2633],{"class":52},[46,49436,57],{"class":56},[46,49438,49439],{"class":64}," 3.5\n",[46,49441,49442],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49443,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49445,49446,49448,49450,49452,49454,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49447,91],{"class":90},[46,49449,94],{"class":60},[46,49451,49038],{"class":90},[46,49453,94],{"class":60},[46,49455,2659],{"class":102},[46,49457,68],{"class":60},[46,49459,9406],{"class":60},[46,49461,1584],{"class":1270},[46,49463,68],{"class":60},[46,49465,40421],{"class":1270},[46,49467,3099],{"class":60},[46,49469,49470,49472,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,49471,91],{"class":90},[46,49473,94],{"class":60},[46,49475,49038],{"class":90},[46,49477,94],{"class":60},[46,49479,2659],{"class":102},[46,49481,68],{"class":60},[46,49483,9406],{"class":60},[46,49485,1769],{"class":1270},[46,49487,68],{"class":60},[46,49489,22727],{"class":1270},[46,49491,3099],{"class":60},[20,49493,143],{},[37,49495,49496],{"className":39,"code":44338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,49497,49498,49502],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49499,49500],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49501,4157],{"class":1325},[46,49503,49504],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49505,4218],{"class":1325},[20,49507,49508,49509,49511],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49510,41001],{}," conditions.",[20,49513,8470],{},[37,49515,49517],{"className":39,"code":49516,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49518,49519,49527,49531],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49520,49521,49523,49525],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49522,2633],{"class":52},[46,49524,57],{"class":56},[46,49526,49439],{"class":64},[46,49528,49529],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49530,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49532,49533,49535,49537,49539,49541,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49534,91],{"class":90},[46,49536,94],{"class":60},[46,49538,1889],{"class":1270},[46,49540,94],{"class":60},[46,49542,2659],{"class":102},[46,49544,1592],{"class":60},[46,49546,6581],{"class":56},[46,49548,45441],{"class":1270},[46,49550,48398],{"class":1595},[46,49552,49553],{"class":1270}," type",[46,49555,94],{"class":60},[46,49557,2659],{"class":102},[46,49559,1592],{"class":60},[46,49561,6581],{"class":56},[46,49563,40421],{"class":1270},[46,49565,215],{"class":60},[20,49567,49568],{},"you can write this:",[37,49570,49572],{"className":39,"code":49571,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49573,49574,49582,49586],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49575,49576,49578,49580],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49577,2633],{"class":52},[46,49579,57],{"class":56},[46,49581,49439],{"class":64},[46,49583,49584],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49585,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49587,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602,49604,49606,49608],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49589,91],{"class":90},[46,49591,94],{"class":60},[46,49593,49038],{"class":90},[46,49595,94],{"class":60},[46,49597,2659],{"class":102},[46,49599,68],{"class":60},[46,49601,9406],{"class":60},[46,49603,1584],{"class":1270},[46,49605,68],{"class":60},[46,49607,40421],{"class":1270},[46,49609,3099],{"class":60},[20,49611,49612],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[32,49614,49616,10755,49618],{"id":49615},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49617,44970],{},[15,49619,2489],{},[20,49621,10760,49622,2051,49624,49628],{},[15,49623,44970],{},[501,49625,49626],{"href":2486},[15,49627,2489],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[283,49630,49632],{"id":49631},"typevalue-int",[15,49633,49634],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49636,49637],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[37,49639,49641],{"className":39,"code":49640,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49642,49643,49651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49644,49645,49647,49649],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49646,2633],{"class":52},[46,49648,57],{"class":56},[46,49650,2774],{"class":64},[46,49652,49653,49655,49657,49659,49661,49663,49665,49667,49669],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49654,91],{"class":90},[46,49656,94],{"class":60},[46,49658,1889],{"class":1270},[46,49660,94],{"class":60},[46,49662,2659],{"class":102},[46,49664,1592],{"class":60},[46,49666,6581],{"class":56},[46,49668,45441],{"class":1270},[46,49670,215],{"class":60},[283,49672,49674],{"id":49673},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49675,49676],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49678,49679],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[37,49681,49683],{"className":39,"code":49682,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49684,49685,49693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49686,49687,49689,49691],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49688,2633],{"class":52},[46,49690,57],{"class":56},[46,49692,2774],{"class":64},[46,49694,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49696,91],{"class":90},[46,49698,94],{"class":60},[46,49700,49038],{"class":90},[46,49702,94],{"class":60},[46,49704,2659],{"class":102},[46,49706,68],{"class":60},[46,49708,45441],{"class":1270},[46,49710,106],{"class":60},[20,49712,49713,49714,49716],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49715,44970],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49718,49719],{},"In everyday code:",[172,49721,49722,49727],{},[175,49723,40156,49724,49726],{},[15,49725,2489],{}," when you need the exact type",[175,49728,40156,49729,49731],{},[15,49730,44970],{}," when you want a practical type check",[32,49733,49735],{"id":49734},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49737,49738,49739,507],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49740,44970],{},[283,49742,49744],{"id":49743},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[37,49746,49748],{"className":39,"code":49747,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49749,49750,49768,49787,49799,49804,49822,49833,49837,49849,49853,49877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49751,49752,49754,49757,49759,49761,49763,49766],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49753,35020],{"class":1140},[46,49755,49756],{"class":35023}," repeat_text",[46,49758,94],{"class":60},[46,49760,34877],{"class":1144},[46,49762,68],{"class":60},[46,49764,49765],{"class":1144}," count",[46,49767,8514],{"class":60},[46,49769,49770,49772,49774,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49771,6571],{"class":1595},[46,49773,8271],{"class":56},[46,49775,49776],{"class":90}," isinstance",[46,49778,94],{"class":60},[46,49780,34877],{"class":102},[46,49782,68],{"class":60},[46,49784,49067],{"class":1270},[46,49786,8514],{"class":60},[46,49788,49789,49792,49794,49797],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49790,49791],{"class":1595},"        return",[46,49793,438],{"class":426},[46,49795,49796],{"class":430},"text must be a string",[46,49798,3544],{"class":426},[46,49800,49801],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,49802,49803],{"class":52},"    \n",[46,49805,49806,49808,49810,49812,49814,49816,49818,49820],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,49807,6571],{"class":1595},[46,49809,8271],{"class":56},[46,49811,49776],{"class":90},[46,49813,94],{"class":60},[46,49815,41424],{"class":102},[46,49817,68],{"class":60},[46,49819,45441],{"class":1270},[46,49821,8514],{"class":60},[46,49823,49824,49826,49828,49831],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,49825,49791],{"class":1595},[46,49827,438],{"class":426},[46,49829,49830],{"class":430},"count must be an integer",[46,49832,3544],{"class":426},[46,49834,49835],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,49836,49803],{"class":52},[46,49838,49839,49841,49844,49846],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,49840,35031],{"class":1595},[46,49842,49843],{"class":52}," text ",[46,49845,40038],{"class":56},[46,49847,49848],{"class":52}," count\n",[46,49850,49851],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,49852,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49854,49855,49857,49859,49862,49864,49866,49869,49871,49873,49875],{"class":48,"line":6608},[46,49856,91],{"class":90},[46,49858,94],{"class":60},[46,49860,49861],{"class":102},"repeat_text",[46,49863,94],{"class":60},[46,49865,427],{"class":426},[46,49867,49868],{"class":430},"Hi ",[46,49870,427],{"class":426},[46,49872,68],{"class":60},[46,49874,312],{"class":64},[46,49876,106],{"class":60},[46,49878,49879,49881,49883,49885,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901],{"class":48,"line":11763},[46,49880,91],{"class":90},[46,49882,94],{"class":60},[46,49884,49861],{"class":102},[46,49886,94],{"class":60},[46,49888,427],{"class":426},[46,49890,49868],{"class":430},[46,49892,427],{"class":426},[46,49894,68],{"class":60},[46,49896,438],{"class":426},[46,49898,2249],{"class":430},[46,49900,427],{"class":426},[46,49902,106],{"class":60},[20,49904,143],{},[37,49906,49908],{"className":39,"code":49907,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49909,49910,49915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49911,49912],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49913,49914],{"class":52},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[46,49916,49917],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49918,49919],{"class":52},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49921,49922],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[283,49924,49926],{"id":49925},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[37,49928,49930],{"className":39,"code":49929,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49931,49932,49964,49968,49984,49999,50016],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,49933,49934,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950,49952,49954,49956,49958,49960,49962],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,49935,2633],{"class":52},[46,49937,57],{"class":56},[46,49939,61],{"class":60},[46,49941,427],{"class":426},[46,49943,501],{"class":430},[46,49945,427],{"class":426},[46,49947,68],{"class":60},[46,49949,438],{"class":426},[46,49951,4935],{"class":430},[46,49953,427],{"class":426},[46,49955,68],{"class":60},[46,49957,438],{"class":426},[46,49959,9908],{"class":430},[46,49961,427],{"class":426},[46,49963,84],{"class":60},[46,49965,49966],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,49967,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,49969,49970,49972,49974,49976,49978,49980,49982],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,49971,7170],{"class":1595},[46,49973,49776],{"class":90},[46,49975,94],{"class":60},[46,49977,2659],{"class":102},[46,49979,68],{"class":60},[46,49981,49067],{"class":1270},[46,49983,8514],{"class":60},[46,49985,49986,49988,49990,49992,49995,49997],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,49987,8240],{"class":90},[46,49989,94],{"class":60},[46,49991,427],{"class":426},[46,49993,49994],{"class":430},"This is text",[46,49996,427],{"class":426},[46,49998,215],{"class":60},[46,50000,50001,50004,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,50002,50003],{"class":1595},"elif",[46,50005,49776],{"class":90},[46,50007,94],{"class":60},[46,50009,2659],{"class":102},[46,50011,68],{"class":60},[46,50013,22727],{"class":1270},[46,50015,8514],{"class":60},[46,50017,50018,50020,50022,50024,50027,50029],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,50019,8240],{"class":90},[46,50021,94],{"class":60},[46,50023,427],{"class":426},[46,50025,50026],{"class":430},"This is a list",[46,50028,427],{"class":426},[46,50030,215],{"class":60},[20,50032,143],{},[37,50034,50036],{"className":39,"code":50035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This is a list\n",[15,50037,50038],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50039,50040,50043,50045,50047],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50041,50042],{"class":52},"This ",[46,50044,1283],{"class":56},[46,50046,44709],{"class":52},[46,50048,50049],{"class":1270},"list\n",[283,50051,50053],{"id":50052},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[37,50055,50057],{"className":39,"code":50056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50058,50059,50071,50075,50091,50105],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50060,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50062,2633],{"class":52},[46,50064,57],{"class":56},[46,50066,438],{"class":426},[46,50068,46691],{"class":430},[46,50070,3544],{"class":426},[46,50072,50073],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50074,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,50076,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085,50087,50089],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,50078,7170],{"class":1595},[46,50080,49776],{"class":90},[46,50082,94],{"class":60},[46,50084,2659],{"class":102},[46,50086,68],{"class":60},[46,50088,49067],{"class":1270},[46,50090,8514],{"class":60},[46,50092,50093,50095,50097,50099,50101,50103],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,50094,42055],{"class":52},[46,50096,57],{"class":56},[46,50098,45441],{"class":1270},[46,50100,94],{"class":60},[46,50102,2659],{"class":102},[46,50104,215],{"class":60},[46,50106,50107,50109,50111,50113],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,50108,8240],{"class":90},[46,50110,94],{"class":60},[46,50112,2426],{"class":102},[46,50114,215],{"class":60},[20,50116,143],{},[37,50118,50119],{"className":39,"code":46777,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,50120,50121],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50122,50123],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50124,46777],{"class":64},[20,50126,50127],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[283,50129,50131],{"id":50130},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[37,50133,50135],{"className":39,"code":50134,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50136,50137,50161,50165,50181],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50138,50139,50141,50143,50145,50147,50149,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50140,2633],{"class":52},[46,50142,57],{"class":56},[46,50144,10660],{"class":60},[46,50146,427],{"class":426},[46,50148,1009],{"class":430},[46,50150,427],{"class":426},[46,50152,198],{"class":60},[46,50154,438],{"class":426},[46,50156,1018],{"class":430},[46,50158,427],{"class":426},[46,50160,1105],{"class":60},[46,50162,50163],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50164,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,50166,50167,50169,50171,50173,50175,50177,50179],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,50168,7170],{"class":1595},[46,50170,49776],{"class":90},[46,50172,94],{"class":60},[46,50174,2659],{"class":102},[46,50176,68],{"class":60},[46,50178,9342],{"class":1270},[46,50180,8514],{"class":60},[46,50182,50183,50185,50187,50189,50191,50193,50195,50197],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,50184,8240],{"class":90},[46,50186,94],{"class":60},[46,50188,2659],{"class":102},[46,50190,1152],{"class":60},[46,50192,427],{"class":426},[46,50194,1009],{"class":430},[46,50196,427],{"class":426},[46,50198,1161],{"class":60},[20,50200,143],{},[37,50202,50204],{"className":39,"code":50203,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana\n",[15,50205,50206],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50207,50208],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50209,50203],{"class":52},[20,50211,50212,50213,50215],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50214,1638],{}," messages later.",[32,50217,4693],{"id":4692},[283,50219,50221,50222,11260,50225],{"id":50220},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50223,50224],{},"\"int\"",[15,50226,1584],{},[20,50228,16809],{},[37,50230,50232],{"className":39,"code":50231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50233,50234,50242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50235,50236,50238,50240],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50237,2633],{"class":52},[46,50239,57],{"class":56},[46,50241,2774],{"class":64},[46,50243,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254,50256,50258,50260,50262],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50245,91],{"class":90},[46,50247,94],{"class":60},[46,50249,49038],{"class":90},[46,50251,94],{"class":60},[46,50253,2659],{"class":102},[46,50255,68],{"class":60},[46,50257,438],{"class":426},[46,50259,1584],{"class":430},[46,50261,427],{"class":426},[46,50263,106],{"class":60},[20,50265,50266,50268],{},[15,50267,50224],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50270,16821],{},[37,50272,50273],{"className":39,"code":49682,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,50274,50275,50283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50276,50277,50279,50281],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50278,2633],{"class":52},[46,50280,57],{"class":56},[46,50282,2774],{"class":64},[46,50284,50285,50287,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50286,91],{"class":90},[46,50288,94],{"class":60},[46,50290,49038],{"class":90},[46,50292,94],{"class":60},[46,50294,2659],{"class":102},[46,50296,68],{"class":60},[46,50298,45441],{"class":1270},[46,50300,106],{"class":60},[283,50302,50304],{"id":50303},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50306,16809],{},[37,50308,50310],{"className":39,"code":50309,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50311,50312,50320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50313,50314,50316,50318],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50315,2633],{"class":52},[46,50317,57],{"class":56},[46,50319,35011],{"class":64},[46,50321,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50323,91],{"class":90},[46,50325,94],{"class":60},[46,50327,49038],{"class":90},[46,50329,94],{"class":60},[46,50331,2659],{"class":102},[46,50333,68],{"class":60},[46,50335,61],{"class":60},[46,50337,1584],{"class":1270},[46,50339,68],{"class":60},[46,50341,40421],{"class":1270},[46,50343,3186],{"class":60},[20,50345,50346],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50348,16821],{},[37,50350,50352],{"className":39,"code":50351,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50353,50354,50362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50355,50356,50358,50360],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50357,2633],{"class":52},[46,50359,57],{"class":56},[46,50361,35011],{"class":64},[46,50363,50364,50366,50368,50370,50372,50374,50376,50378,50380,50382,50384],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50365,91],{"class":90},[46,50367,94],{"class":60},[46,50369,49038],{"class":90},[46,50371,94],{"class":60},[46,50373,2659],{"class":102},[46,50375,68],{"class":60},[46,50377,9406],{"class":60},[46,50379,1584],{"class":1270},[46,50381,68],{"class":60},[46,50383,40421],{"class":1270},[46,50385,3099],{"class":60},[283,50387,25942,50389,50391],{"id":50388},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50390,44970],{}," converts a value",[20,50393,19081],{},[37,50395,50397],{"className":39,"code":50396,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50398,50399,50412,50430,50434],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50400,50401,50403,50405,50407,50410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50402,2633],{"class":52},[46,50404,57],{"class":56},[46,50406,438],{"class":426},[46,50408,50409],{"class":430},"123",[46,50411,3544],{"class":426},[46,50413,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50415,2416],{"class":52},[46,50417,57],{"class":56},[46,50419,49776],{"class":90},[46,50421,94],{"class":60},[46,50423,2659],{"class":102},[46,50425,68],{"class":60},[46,50427,45441],{"class":1270},[46,50429,215],{"class":60},[46,50431,50432],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,50433,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,50435,50436,50438,50440,50442],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,50437,91],{"class":90},[46,50439,94],{"class":60},[46,50441,2451],{"class":102},[46,50443,215],{"class":60},[20,50445,143],{},[37,50447,50448],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,50449,50450],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50451,50452],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50453,4218],{"class":1325},[20,50455,50456,50457,50460,50461,50463],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50458,50459],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50462,50409],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50465,50466,50467,6803],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50468,50469],{},"int(value)",[283,50471,50473],{"id":50472},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50475,50476,50478],{},[15,50477,44970],{}," does not modify anything.",[37,50480,50482],{"className":39,"code":50481,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50483,50484,50496,50500,50518],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50485,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50487,2633],{"class":52},[46,50489,57],{"class":56},[46,50491,438],{"class":426},[46,50493,13725],{"class":430},[46,50495,3544],{"class":426},[46,50497,50498],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50499,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,50501,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512,50514,50516],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,50503,91],{"class":90},[46,50505,94],{"class":60},[46,50507,49038],{"class":90},[46,50509,94],{"class":60},[46,50511,2659],{"class":102},[46,50513,68],{"class":60},[46,50515,49067],{"class":1270},[46,50517,106],{"class":60},[46,50519,50520,50522,50524,50526],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,50521,91],{"class":90},[46,50523,94],{"class":60},[46,50525,2659],{"class":102},[46,50527,215],{"class":60},[20,50529,143],{},[37,50531,50533],{"className":39,"code":50532,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\n100\n",[15,50534,50535,50539],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50536,50537],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50538,4157],{"class":1325},[46,50540,50541],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50542,47425],{"class":64},[20,50544,50545],{},"The value stays the same.",[32,50547,26110],{"id":26109},[20,50549,50550],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[37,50552,50554],{"className":39,"code":50553,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50555,50556,50570,50588,50612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50557,50558,50560,50562,50564,50566,50568],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50559,91],{"class":90},[46,50561,94],{"class":60},[46,50563,1889],{"class":1270},[46,50565,94],{"class":60},[46,50567,2659],{"class":102},[46,50569,106],{"class":60},[46,50571,50572,50574,50576,50578,50580,50582,50584,50586],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50573,91],{"class":90},[46,50575,94],{"class":60},[46,50577,49038],{"class":90},[46,50579,94],{"class":60},[46,50581,2659],{"class":102},[46,50583,68],{"class":60},[46,50585,45441],{"class":1270},[46,50587,106],{"class":60},[46,50589,50590,50592,50594,50596,50598,50600,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,50591,91],{"class":90},[46,50593,94],{"class":60},[46,50595,49038],{"class":90},[46,50597,94],{"class":60},[46,50599,2659],{"class":102},[46,50601,68],{"class":60},[46,50603,9406],{"class":60},[46,50605,1584],{"class":1270},[46,50607,68],{"class":60},[46,50609,40421],{"class":1270},[46,50611,3099],{"class":60},[46,50613,50614,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,50615,91],{"class":90},[46,50617,94],{"class":60},[46,50619,41944],{"class":90},[46,50621,94],{"class":60},[46,50623,2659],{"class":102},[46,50625,106],{"class":60},[20,50627,50628],{},"These can help when:",[172,50630,50631,50634,50639,50642],{},[175,50632,50633],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[175,50635,50636,50637],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50638,1638],{},[175,50640,50641],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[175,50643,50644,50645,50647],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50646,44970],{}," is invalid",[20,50649,50650],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[172,50652,50653,50667,50673,50678],{},[175,50654,50655,50656,3065,50659,50662,50663,3065,50665],{},"using ",[15,50657,50658],{},"'int'",[15,50660,50661],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50664,1584],{},[15,50666,1769],{},[175,50668,50669,50670,50672],{},"expecting ",[15,50671,44970],{}," to convert a value",[175,50674,50655,50675,50677],{},[15,50676,2489],{}," when inherited types should also match",[175,50679,50680],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50682,50683,50684,507],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[501,50685,50687,50688],{"href":50686},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50689,50690],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[32,50692,1991],{"id":1990},[283,50694,1995,50696,1998],{"id":50695},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50697,44970],{},[20,50699,5320,50700,50702,50703,507],{},[15,50701,3787],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50704,3856],{},[283,50706,2005,50708,50710],{"id":50707},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50709,44970],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50712,50713,50714,507],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50715,50716],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[283,50718,2048,50720,2051,50722,2035],{"id":50719},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50721,44970],{},[15,50723,2489],{},[20,50725,50726,50728,50729,50731],{},[15,50727,2489],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50730,44970],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[283,50733,12872,50735,50737],{"id":50734},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50736,44970],{}," convert a value?",[20,50739,50740],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[32,50742,2065],{"id":2064},[172,50744,50745,50751,50755,50760,50765],{},[175,50746,50747],{},[501,50748,13,50749,506],{"href":2486},[15,50750,2489],{},[175,50752,50753],{},[501,50754,44962],{"href":49141},[175,50756,50757],{},[501,50758,50759],{"href":3148},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[175,50761,50762],{},[501,50763,50764],{"href":49144},"What is a data type in Python?",[175,50766,50767],{},[501,50768,50687,50769],{"href":50686},[15,50770,50690],{},[2103,50772,50773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":50775},[50776,50777,50779,50782,50786,50787,50792,50798,50806,50807,50817],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":49080,"depth":87,"text":50778},"What isinstance() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":50780},[50781],{"id":49172,"depth":109,"text":49173},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643,"children":50783},[50784,50785],{"id":49260,"depth":109,"text":49261},{"id":49331,"depth":109,"text":49332},{"id":49418,"depth":87,"text":49419},{"id":49615,"depth":87,"text":50788,"children":50789},"isinstance() vs type()",[50790,50791],{"id":49631,"depth":109,"text":49634},{"id":49673,"depth":109,"text":49676},{"id":49734,"depth":87,"text":49735,"children":50793},[50794,50795,50796,50797],{"id":49743,"depth":109,"text":49744},{"id":49925,"depth":109,"text":49926},{"id":50052,"depth":109,"text":50053},{"id":50130,"depth":109,"text":50131},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":50799},[50800,50802,50803,50805],{"id":50220,"depth":109,"text":50801},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50303,"depth":109,"text":50304},{"id":50388,"depth":109,"text":50804},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50472,"depth":109,"text":50473},{"id":26109,"depth":87,"text":26110},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":50808},[50809,50811,50813,50815],{"id":50695,"depth":109,"text":50810},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50707,"depth":109,"text":50812},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50719,"depth":109,"text":50814},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50734,"depth":109,"text":50816},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48981,"description":50818},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50824,"title":50825,"body":50826,"description":52797,"extension":2150,"meta":52798,"navigation":112,"path":52799,"seo":52800,"stem":52801,"__hash__":52802},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50827,"toc":52772},[50828,50831,50836,50841,50855,50858,50860,50935,50940,50944,50949,50952,50966,50968,51134,51147,51149,51151,51166,51169,51172,51185,51187,51285,51289,51295,51298,51307,51309,51344,51349,51370,51375,51380,51412,51415,51472,51476,51482,51485,51538,51540,51580,51583,51651,51654,51704,51711,51715,51721,51806,51812,51818,51867,51870,51873,51923,51925,51930,51934,51984,51988,52035,52039,52116,52120,52185,52188,52192,52197,52202,52214,52216,52235,52241,52244,52263,52268,52295,52302,52306,52312,52315,52410,52413,52416,52465,52470,52472,52476,52511,52514,52571,52581,52584,52618,52621,52623,52627,52630,52634,52637,52641,52644,52648,52660,52664,52669,52671,52721,52733,52735,52769],[10,50829,50825],{"id":50830},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50832,9295,50833,50835],{},[15,50834,498],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50837,35575,50838,50840],{},[15,50839,498],{}," to count:",[172,50842,50843,50846,50849,50852],{},[175,50844,50845],{},"characters in a string",[175,50847,50848],{},"items in a list or tuple",[175,50850,50851],{},"keys in a dictionary",[175,50853,50854],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50856,50857],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[32,50859,35],{"id":34},[37,50861,50863],{"className":39,"code":50862,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50864,50865,50877,50897,50901,50918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50866,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50868,34856],{"class":52},[46,50870,57],{"class":56},[46,50872,438],{"class":426},[46,50874,4027],{"class":430},[46,50876,3544],{"class":426},[46,50878,50879,50881,50883,50885,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50880,1398],{"class":52},[46,50882,57],{"class":56},[46,50884,61],{"class":60},[46,50886,1494],{"class":64},[46,50888,68],{"class":60},[46,50890,7962],{"class":64},[46,50892,68],{"class":60},[46,50894,7967],{"class":64},[46,50896,84],{"class":60},[46,50898,50899],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,50900,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,50902,50903,50905,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,50904,91],{"class":90},[46,50906,94],{"class":60},[46,50908,476],{"class":90},[46,50910,94],{"class":60},[46,50912,34877],{"class":102},[46,50914,5533],{"class":60},[46,50916,50917],{"class":3845},"   # 5\n",[46,50919,50920,50922,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,50921,91],{"class":90},[46,50923,94],{"class":60},[46,50925,476],{"class":90},[46,50927,94],{"class":60},[46,50929,1415],{"class":102},[46,50931,5533],{"class":60},[46,50933,50934],{"class":3845},"  # 3\n",[20,50936,160,50937,50939],{},[15,50938,498],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[32,50941,50943],{"id":50942},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50945,50946,50948],{},[15,50947,498],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50950,50951],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[172,50953,50954,50957,50960,50963],{},[175,50955,50956],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[175,50958,50959],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[175,50961,50962],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[175,50964,50965],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50967,2393],{},[37,50969,50971],{"className":39,"code":50970,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50972,50973,50985,51010,51042,51062,51066,51083,51100,51117],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,50974,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,50976,8047],{"class":52},[46,50978,57],{"class":56},[46,50980,438],{"class":426},[46,50982,7849],{"class":430},[46,50984,3544],{"class":426},[46,50986,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51008],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,50988,53],{"class":52},[46,50990,57],{"class":56},[46,50992,61],{"class":60},[46,50994,1494],{"class":64},[46,50996,68],{"class":60},[46,50998,7962],{"class":64},[46,51000,68],{"class":60},[46,51002,7967],{"class":64},[46,51004,68],{"class":60},[46,51006,51007],{"class":64}," 40",[46,51009,84],{"class":60},[46,51011,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,51013,1487],{"class":52},[46,51015,57],{"class":56},[46,51017,10660],{"class":60},[46,51019,427],{"class":426},[46,51021,501],{"class":430},[46,51023,427],{"class":426},[46,51025,198],{"class":60},[46,51027,81],{"class":64},[46,51029,68],{"class":60},[46,51031,438],{"class":426},[46,51033,4935],{"class":430},[46,51035,427],{"class":426},[46,51037,198],{"class":60},[46,51039,71],{"class":64},[46,51041,1105],{"class":60},[46,51043,51044,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,51045,4004],{"class":52},[46,51047,57],{"class":56},[46,51049,10660],{"class":60},[46,51051,65],{"class":64},[46,51053,68],{"class":60},[46,51055,37811],{"class":64},[46,51057,68],{"class":60},[46,51059,6165],{"class":64},[46,51061,1105],{"class":60},[46,51063,51064],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,51065,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,51067,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,51069,91],{"class":90},[46,51071,94],{"class":60},[46,51073,476],{"class":90},[46,51075,94],{"class":60},[46,51077,1009],{"class":102},[46,51079,5533],{"class":60},[46,51081,51082],{"class":3845},"     # 3\n",[46,51084,51085,51087,51089,51091,51093,51095,51097],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,51086,91],{"class":90},[46,51088,94],{"class":60},[46,51090,476],{"class":90},[46,51092,94],{"class":60},[46,51094,103],{"class":102},[46,51096,5533],{"class":60},[46,51098,51099],{"class":3845},"  # 4\n",[46,51101,51102,51104,51106,51108,51110,51112,51114],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,51103,91],{"class":90},[46,51105,94],{"class":60},[46,51107,476],{"class":90},[46,51109,94],{"class":60},[46,51111,1523],{"class":102},[46,51113,5533],{"class":60},[46,51115,51116],{"class":3845},"     # 2\n",[46,51118,51119,51121,51123,51125,51127,51129,51131],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,51120,91],{"class":90},[46,51122,94],{"class":60},[46,51124,476],{"class":90},[46,51126,94],{"class":60},[46,51128,5530],{"class":102},[46,51130,5533],{"class":60},[46,51132,51133],{"class":3845},"   # 3\n",[20,51135,51136,51137,2374,51141,17238,51145,507],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[501,51138,51140],{"href":51139},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[501,51142,51144],{"href":51143},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[501,51146,9328],{"href":9327},[32,51148,2343],{"id":2342},[20,51150,2346],{},[37,51152,51154],{"className":39,"code":51153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"len(object)\n",[15,51155,51156],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51157,51158,51160,51162,51164],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51159,476],{"class":90},[46,51161,94],{"class":60},[46,51163,42562],{"class":1270},[46,51165,215],{"class":60},[20,51167,51168],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51170,51171],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[172,51173,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182],{},[175,51175,38073],{},[175,51177,38067],{},[175,51179,38070],{},[175,51181,38076],{},[175,51183,51184],{},"a dictionary",[20,51186,2393],{},[37,51188,51190],{"className":39,"code":51189,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51191,51192,51213,51237,51259],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51193,51194,51196,51198,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51210],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51195,91],{"class":90},[46,51197,94],{"class":60},[46,51199,476],{"class":90},[46,51201,94],{"class":60},[46,51203,427],{"class":426},[46,51205,41],{"class":430},[46,51207,427],{"class":426},[46,51209,5533],{"class":60},[46,51211,51212],{"class":3845},"      # 6\n",[46,51214,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51216,91],{"class":90},[46,51218,94],{"class":60},[46,51220,476],{"class":90},[46,51222,3172],{"class":60},[46,51224,3175],{"class":64},[46,51226,68],{"class":60},[46,51228,71],{"class":64},[46,51230,68],{"class":60},[46,51232,312],{"class":64},[46,51234,4909],{"class":60},[46,51236,51082],{"class":3845},[46,51238,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51256],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,51240,91],{"class":90},[46,51242,94],{"class":60},[46,51244,476],{"class":90},[46,51246,5682],{"class":60},[46,51248,1494],{"class":64},[46,51250,68],{"class":60},[46,51252,7962],{"class":64},[46,51254,51255],{"class":60},")))",[46,51257,51258],{"class":3845},"      # 2\n",[46,51260,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51282],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,51262,91],{"class":90},[46,51264,94],{"class":60},[46,51266,476],{"class":90},[46,51268,5701],{"class":60},[46,51270,427],{"class":426},[46,51272,1589],{"class":430},[46,51274,427],{"class":426},[46,51276,198],{"class":60},[46,51278,81],{"class":64},[46,51280,51281],{"class":60},"}))",[46,51283,51284],{"class":3845},"      # 1\n",[32,51286,51288],{"id":51287},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51290,51291,51292,51294],{},"When you use ",[15,51293,498],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51296,51297],{},"That includes:",[172,51299,51300,51302,51304],{},[175,51301,36312],{},[175,51303,10621],{},[175,51305,51306],{},"punctuation",[20,51308,2393],{},[37,51310,51312],{"className":39,"code":51311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51313,51314,51327],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51315,51316,51318,51320,51322,51325],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51317,34856],{"class":52},[46,51319,57],{"class":56},[46,51321,438],{"class":426},[46,51323,51324],{"class":430},"Hi there!",[46,51326,3544],{"class":426},[46,51328,51329,51331,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51330,91],{"class":90},[46,51332,94],{"class":60},[46,51334,476],{"class":90},[46,51336,94],{"class":60},[46,51338,34877],{"class":102},[46,51340,5533],{"class":60},[46,51342,51343],{"class":3845},"  # 9\n",[20,51345,51346,51347,2035],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51348,2329],{},[172,51350,51351,51357,51361,51364],{},[175,51352,51353,51356],{},[15,51354,51355],{},"H"," = 1",[175,51358,51359,51356],{},[15,51360,36323],{},[175,51362,51363],{},"space = 1",[175,51365,51366,51369],{},[15,51367,51368],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51371,51372,51373],{},"Total: ",[15,51374,2329],{},[20,51376,51377,51378,198],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51379,554],{},[37,51381,51383],{"className":39,"code":51382,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51384,51385,51394],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51386,51387,51390,51392],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51388,51389],{"class":52},"empty_text ",[46,51391,57],{"class":56},[46,51393,8052],{"class":426},[46,51395,51396,51398,51400,51402,51404,51407,51409],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51397,91],{"class":90},[46,51399,94],{"class":60},[46,51401,476],{"class":90},[46,51403,94],{"class":60},[46,51405,51406],{"class":102},"empty_text",[46,51408,5533],{"class":60},[46,51410,51411],{"class":3845},"  # 0\n",[20,51413,51414],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[37,51416,51418],{"className":39,"code":51417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51419,51420,51433,51437,51457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51421,51422,51425,51427,51429,51431],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51423,51424],{"class":52},"user_name ",[46,51426,57],{"class":56},[46,51428,438],{"class":426},[46,51430,5178],{"class":430},[46,51432,3544],{"class":426},[46,51434,51435],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51436,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,51438,51439,51441,51443,51445,51448,51450,51453,51455],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,51440,7170],{"class":1595},[46,51442,38551],{"class":90},[46,51444,94],{"class":60},[46,51446,51447],{"class":102},"user_name",[46,51449,1592],{"class":60},[46,51451,51452],{"class":56}," >=",[46,51454,312],{"class":64},[46,51456,6566],{"class":60},[46,51458,51459,51461,51463,51465,51468,51470],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,51460,8240],{"class":90},[46,51462,94],{"class":60},[46,51464,427],{"class":426},[46,51466,51467],{"class":430},"Name is long enough",[46,51469,427],{"class":426},[46,51471,215],{"class":60},[32,51473,51475],{"id":51474},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51477,51478,51479,51481],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51480,498],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51483,51484],{},"Example with a list:",[37,51486,51488],{"className":39,"code":51487,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51489,51490,51522],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51491,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51493,13243],{"class":52},[46,51495,57],{"class":56},[46,51497,61],{"class":60},[46,51499,427],{"class":426},[46,51501,13260],{"class":430},[46,51503,427],{"class":426},[46,51505,68],{"class":60},[46,51507,438],{"class":426},[46,51509,17622],{"class":430},[46,51511,427],{"class":426},[46,51513,68],{"class":60},[46,51515,438],{"class":426},[46,51517,13277],{"class":430},[46,51519,427],{"class":426},[46,51521,84],{"class":60},[46,51523,51524,51526,51528,51530,51532,51534,51536],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51525,91],{"class":90},[46,51527,94],{"class":60},[46,51529,476],{"class":90},[46,51531,94],{"class":60},[46,51533,17669],{"class":102},[46,51535,5533],{"class":60},[46,51537,50934],{"class":3845},[20,51539,38082],{},[37,51541,51543],{"className":39,"code":51542,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51544,51545,51562],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51546,51547,51550,51552,51554,51556,51558,51560],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51548,51549],{"class":52},"point ",[46,51551,57],{"class":56},[46,51553,9406],{"class":60},[46,51555,1494],{"class":64},[46,51557,68],{"class":60},[46,51559,7962],{"class":64},[46,51561,215],{"class":60},[46,51563,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572,51575,51577],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51565,91],{"class":90},[46,51567,94],{"class":60},[46,51569,476],{"class":90},[46,51571,94],{"class":60},[46,51573,51574],{"class":102},"point",[46,51576,5533],{"class":60},[46,51578,51579],{"class":3845},"  # 2\n",[20,51581,51582],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[37,51584,51586],{"className":39,"code":51585,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51587,51588,51612,51616,51634],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51589,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51591,1398],{"class":52},[46,51593,57],{"class":56},[46,51595,61],{"class":60},[46,51597,427],{"class":426},[46,51599,756],{"class":430},[46,51601,427],{"class":426},[46,51603,68],{"class":60},[46,51605,438],{"class":426},[46,51607,450],{"class":430},[46,51609,427],{"class":426},[46,51611,84],{"class":60},[46,51613,51614],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51615,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,51617,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628,51630,51632],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,51619,7170],{"class":1595},[46,51621,38551],{"class":90},[46,51623,94],{"class":60},[46,51625,1415],{"class":102},[46,51627,1592],{"class":60},[46,51629,38561],{"class":56},[46,51631,81],{"class":64},[46,51633,6566],{"class":60},[46,51635,51636,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646,51648],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,51637,8240],{"class":90},[46,51639,94],{"class":60},[46,51641,1415],{"class":102},[46,51643,1152],{"class":60},[46,51645,3175],{"class":64},[46,51647,20613],{"class":60},[46,51649,51650],{"class":3845},"  # banana\n",[20,51652,51653],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[37,51655,51657],{"className":39,"code":51656,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51658,51659,51681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51660,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671,51674,51676,51679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51662,596],{"class":52},[46,51664,57],{"class":56},[46,51666,61],{"class":60},[46,51668,603],{"class":64},[46,51670,68],{"class":60},[46,51672,51673],{"class":64}," 91",[46,51675,68],{"class":60},[46,51677,51678],{"class":64}," 75",[46,51680,84],{"class":60},[46,51682,51683,51685,51687,51689,51692,51694,51696,51698,51700,51702],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51684,91],{"class":90},[46,51686,94],{"class":60},[46,51688,427],{"class":426},[46,51690,51691],{"class":430},"Number of scores:",[46,51693,427],{"class":426},[46,51695,68],{"class":60},[46,51697,38551],{"class":90},[46,51699,94],{"class":60},[46,51701,633],{"class":102},[46,51703,106],{"class":60},[20,51705,51706,51707,507],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[501,51708,51710],{"href":51709},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[32,51712,51714],{"id":51713},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51716,51717,51718,51720],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51719,498],{}," counts keys.",[37,51722,51724],{"className":39,"code":51723,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51725,51726,51734,51752,51766,51782,51786,51790],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51727,51728,51730,51732],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51729,13032],{"class":52},[46,51731,57],{"class":56},[46,51733,11661],{"class":60},[46,51735,51736,51738,51740,51742,51744,51746,51748,51750],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51737,11666],{"class":426},[46,51739,1009],{"class":430},[46,51741,427],{"class":426},[46,51743,198],{"class":60},[46,51745,438],{"class":426},[46,51747,8092],{"class":430},[46,51749,427],{"class":426},[46,51751,11682],{"class":60},[46,51753,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,51755,11666],{"class":426},[46,51757,9468],{"class":430},[46,51759,427],{"class":426},[46,51761,198],{"class":60},[46,51763,317],{"class":64},[46,51765,11682],{"class":60},[46,51767,51768,51770,51772,51774,51776,51778,51780],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,51769,11666],{"class":426},[46,51771,20059],{"class":430},[46,51773,427],{"class":426},[46,51775,198],{"class":60},[46,51777,438],{"class":426},[46,51779,22412],{"class":430},[46,51781,3544],{"class":426},[46,51783,51784],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,51785,1105],{"class":60},[46,51787,51788],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,51789,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,51791,51792,51794,51796,51798,51800,51802,51804],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,51793,91],{"class":90},[46,51795,94],{"class":60},[46,51797,476],{"class":90},[46,51799,94],{"class":60},[46,51801,13793],{"class":102},[46,51803,5533],{"class":60},[46,51805,50934],{"class":3845},[20,51807,51808,51809,51811],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51810,498],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51813,51814,51815,51817],{},"For sets, ",[15,51816,498],{}," counts unique items:",[37,51819,51821],{"className":39,"code":51820,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51822,51823,51851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51824,51825,51827,51829,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847,51849],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51826,53],{"class":52},[46,51828,57],{"class":56},[46,51830,10660],{"class":60},[46,51832,3175],{"class":64},[46,51834,68],{"class":60},[46,51836,71],{"class":64},[46,51838,68],{"class":60},[46,51840,312],{"class":64},[46,51842,68],{"class":60},[46,51844,312],{"class":64},[46,51846,68],{"class":60},[46,51848,71],{"class":64},[46,51850,1105],{"class":60},[46,51852,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863,51865],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51854,91],{"class":90},[46,51856,94],{"class":60},[46,51858,476],{"class":90},[46,51860,94],{"class":60},[46,51862,103],{"class":102},[46,51864,5533],{"class":60},[46,51866,50934],{"class":3845},[20,51868,51869],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51871,51872],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[37,51874,51876],{"className":39,"code":51875,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51877,51878,51886,51890,51908],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51879,51880,51882,51884],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51881,1487],{"class":52},[46,51883,57],{"class":56},[46,51885,10007],{"class":60},[46,51887,51888],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51889,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,51891,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902,51904,51906],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,51893,7170],{"class":1595},[46,51895,38551],{"class":90},[46,51897,94],{"class":60},[46,51899,1523],{"class":102},[46,51901,1592],{"class":60},[46,51903,6581],{"class":56},[46,51905,4015],{"class":64},[46,51907,6566],{"class":60},[46,51909,51910,51912,51914,51916,51919,51921],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,51911,8240],{"class":90},[46,51913,94],{"class":60},[46,51915,427],{"class":426},[46,51917,51918],{"class":430},"The dictionary is empty",[46,51920,427],{"class":426},[46,51922,215],{"class":60},[32,51924,41210],{"id":41209},[20,51926,51927,51928,507],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51929,498],{},[283,51931,51933],{"id":51932},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[37,51935,51937],{"className":39,"code":51936,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51938,51939,51947,51951,51969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51940,51941,51943,51945],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51942,1398],{"class":52},[46,51944,57],{"class":56},[46,51946,533],{"class":60},[46,51948,51949],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,51950,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,51952,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,51954,7170],{"class":1595},[46,51956,38551],{"class":90},[46,51958,94],{"class":60},[46,51960,1415],{"class":102},[46,51962,1592],{"class":60},[46,51964,6581],{"class":56},[46,51966,4015],{"class":64},[46,51968,6566],{"class":60},[46,51970,51971,51973,51975,51977,51980,51982],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,51972,8240],{"class":90},[46,51974,94],{"class":60},[46,51976,427],{"class":426},[46,51978,51979],{"class":430},"The list is empty",[46,51981,427],{"class":426},[46,51983,215],{"class":60},[283,51985,51987],{"id":51986},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[37,51989,51991],{"className":39,"code":51990,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51992,51993,52012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,51994,51995,51997,51999,52001,52003,52005,52008,52010],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,51996,6326],{"class":52},[46,51998,57],{"class":56},[46,52000,8414],{"class":90},[46,52002,94],{"class":60},[46,52004,427],{"class":426},[46,52006,52007],{"class":430},"Enter a word: ",[46,52009,427],{"class":426},[46,52011,215],{"class":60},[46,52013,52014,52016,52018,52020,52023,52025,52027,52029,52031,52033],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52015,91],{"class":90},[46,52017,94],{"class":60},[46,52019,427],{"class":426},[46,52021,52022],{"class":430},"Number of characters:",[46,52024,427],{"class":426},[46,52026,68],{"class":60},[46,52028,38551],{"class":90},[46,52030,94],{"class":60},[46,52032,38556],{"class":102},[46,52034,106],{"class":60},[283,52036,52038],{"id":52037},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[37,52040,52042],{"className":39,"code":52041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52043,52044,52058,52062,52080,52095,52101],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52045,52046,52049,52051,52053,52056],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52047,52048],{"class":52},"password ",[46,52050,57],{"class":56},[46,52052,438],{"class":426},[46,52054,52055],{"class":430},"secret123",[46,52057,3544],{"class":426},[46,52059,52060],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52061,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,52063,52064,52066,52068,52070,52072,52074,52076,52078],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,52065,7170],{"class":1595},[46,52067,38551],{"class":90},[46,52069,94],{"class":60},[46,52071,17788],{"class":102},[46,52073,1592],{"class":60},[46,52075,51452],{"class":56},[46,52077,6532],{"class":64},[46,52079,6566],{"class":60},[46,52081,52082,52084,52086,52088,52091,52093],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,52083,8240],{"class":90},[46,52085,94],{"class":60},[46,52087,427],{"class":426},[46,52089,52090],{"class":430},"Password length is valid",[46,52092,427],{"class":426},[46,52094,215],{"class":60},[46,52096,52097,52099],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,52098,27601],{"class":1595},[46,52100,6566],{"class":60},[46,52102,52103,52105,52107,52109,52112,52114],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,52104,8240],{"class":90},[46,52106,94],{"class":60},[46,52108,427],{"class":426},[46,52110,52111],{"class":430},"Password is too short",[46,52113,427],{"class":426},[46,52115,215],{"class":60},[283,52117,52119],{"id":52118},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[37,52121,52123],{"className":39,"code":52122,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52124,52125,52161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52126,52127,52130,52132,52134,52136,52139,52141,52143,52145,52148,52150,52152,52154,52157,52159],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52128,52129],{"class":52},"results ",[46,52131,57],{"class":56},[46,52133,61],{"class":60},[46,52135,427],{"class":426},[46,52137,52138],{"class":430},"item1",[46,52140,427],{"class":426},[46,52142,68],{"class":60},[46,52144,438],{"class":426},[46,52146,52147],{"class":430},"item2",[46,52149,427],{"class":426},[46,52151,68],{"class":60},[46,52153,438],{"class":426},[46,52155,52156],{"class":430},"item3",[46,52158,427],{"class":426},[46,52160,84],{"class":60},[46,52162,52163,52165,52167,52169,52172,52174,52176,52178,52180,52183],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52164,91],{"class":90},[46,52166,94],{"class":60},[46,52168,427],{"class":426},[46,52170,52171],{"class":430},"Items found:",[46,52173,427],{"class":426},[46,52175,68],{"class":60},[46,52177,38551],{"class":90},[46,52179,94],{"class":60},[46,52181,52182],{"class":102},"results",[46,52184,106],{"class":60},[20,52186,52187],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[32,52189,52191],{"id":52190},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52193,52194,52196],{},[15,52195,498],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52198,52199,52200,198],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52201,1638],{},[172,52203,52204,52207,52210],{},[175,52205,52206],{},"plain integers",[175,52208,52209],{},"floats",[175,52211,52212],{},[15,52213,1326],{},[20,52215,2393],{},[37,52217,52219],{"className":39,"code":52218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52220,52221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52222,52223,52225,52227,52229,52231,52233],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52224,91],{"class":90},[46,52226,94],{"class":60},[46,52228,476],{"class":90},[46,52230,94],{"class":60},[46,52232,65],{"class":64},[46,52234,106],{"class":60},[20,52236,52237,52238,52240],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52239,65],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52242,52243],{},"Another example:",[37,52245,52247],{"className":39,"code":52246,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52248,52249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52250,52251,52253,52255,52257,52259,52261],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52252,91],{"class":90},[46,52254,94],{"class":60},[46,52256,476],{"class":90},[46,52258,94],{"class":60},[46,52260,40309],{"class":64},[46,52262,106],{"class":60},[20,52264,52265,52266,198],{},"And with ",[15,52267,1326],{},[37,52269,52271],{"className":39,"code":52270,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52272,52273,52281],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52274,52275,52277,52279],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52276,2633],{"class":52},[46,52278,57],{"class":56},[46,52280,48690],{"class":1325},[46,52282,52283,52285,52287,52289,52291,52293],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52284,91],{"class":90},[46,52286,94],{"class":60},[46,52288,476],{"class":90},[46,52290,94],{"class":60},[46,52292,2659],{"class":102},[46,52294,106],{"class":60},[20,52296,52297,52298,507],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[501,52299,52301],{"href":52300},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[32,52303,52305],{"id":52304},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52307,52308,52309,52311],{},"Before using ",[15,52310,498],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52313,52314],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[37,52316,52318],{"className":39,"code":52317,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52319,52320,52328,52332,52342,52356,52374,52392],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52321,52322,52324,52326],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52323,2633],{"class":52},[46,52325,57],{"class":56},[46,52327,48690],{"class":1325},[46,52329,52330],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52331,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,52333,52334,52336,52338,52340],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,52335,91],{"class":90},[46,52337,94],{"class":60},[46,52339,2659],{"class":102},[46,52341,215],{"class":60},[46,52343,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352,52354],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,52345,91],{"class":90},[46,52347,94],{"class":60},[46,52349,1889],{"class":1270},[46,52351,94],{"class":60},[46,52353,2659],{"class":102},[46,52355,106],{"class":60},[46,52357,52358,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368,52370,52372],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,52359,91],{"class":90},[46,52361,94],{"class":60},[46,52363,49038],{"class":90},[46,52365,94],{"class":60},[46,52367,2659],{"class":102},[46,52369,68],{"class":60},[46,52371,49067],{"class":1270},[46,52373,106],{"class":60},[46,52375,52376,52378,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,52377,91],{"class":90},[46,52379,94],{"class":60},[46,52381,49038],{"class":90},[46,52383,94],{"class":60},[46,52385,2659],{"class":102},[46,52387,68],{"class":60},[46,52389,22727],{"class":1270},[46,52391,106],{"class":60},[46,52393,52394,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,52395,91],{"class":90},[46,52397,94],{"class":60},[46,52399,49038],{"class":90},[46,52401,94],{"class":60},[46,52403,2659],{"class":102},[46,52405,68],{"class":60},[46,52407,9342],{"class":1270},[46,52409,106],{"class":60},[20,52411,52412],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52414,52415],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[37,52417,52419],{"className":39,"code":52418,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52420,52421,52433,52437,52451],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52422,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52424,2633],{"class":52},[46,52426,57],{"class":56},[46,52428,438],{"class":426},[46,52430,4027],{"class":430},[46,52432,3544],{"class":426},[46,52434,52435],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52436,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,52438,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,52440,7170],{"class":1595},[46,52442,21751],{"class":52},[46,52444,1283],{"class":56},[46,52446,8271],{"class":56},[46,52448,4034],{"class":1325},[46,52450,6566],{"class":60},[46,52452,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,52454,8240],{"class":90},[46,52456,94],{"class":60},[46,52458,476],{"class":90},[46,52460,94],{"class":60},[46,52462,2659],{"class":102},[46,52464,106],{"class":60},[20,52466,52467,52468,507],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[501,52469,8614],{"href":2486},[32,52471,1834],{"id":1833},[20,52473,23262,52474,198],{},[15,52475,498],{},[172,52477,52478,52486,52494,52502,52508],{},[175,52479,578,52480,52482,52483],{},[15,52481,498],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52484,52485],{},"len(5)",[175,52487,578,52488,52490,52491],{},[15,52489,498],{}," on a float like ",[15,52492,52493],{},"len(3.14)",[175,52495,578,52496,52498,52499,52501],{},[15,52497,498],{}," on ",[15,52500,1326],{}," after a function returns nothing",[175,52503,4754,52504,52507],{},[15,52505,52506],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[175,52509,52510],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52512,52513],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[37,52515,52517],{"className":39,"code":52516,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52518,52519,52555],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52520,52521,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52522,13372],{"class":52},[46,52524,57],{"class":56},[46,52526,10660],{"class":60},[46,52528,427],{"class":426},[46,52530,1009],{"class":430},[46,52532,427],{"class":426},[46,52534,198],{"class":60},[46,52536,438],{"class":426},[46,52538,1018],{"class":430},[46,52540,427],{"class":426},[46,52542,68],{"class":60},[46,52544,438],{"class":426},[46,52546,9468],{"class":430},[46,52548,427],{"class":426},[46,52550,198],{"class":60},[46,52552,7962],{"class":64},[46,52554,1105],{"class":60},[46,52556,52557,52559,52561,52563,52565,52567,52569],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52558,91],{"class":90},[46,52560,94],{"class":60},[46,52562,476],{"class":90},[46,52564,94],{"class":60},[46,52566,17473],{"class":102},[46,52568,5533],{"class":60},[46,52570,51579],{"class":3845},[20,52572,37762,52573,52575,52576,2051,52578,507],{},[15,52574,2243],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52577,15406],{},[15,52579,52580],{},"\"age\"",[20,52582,52583],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[37,52585,52587],{"className":39,"code":52586,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52588,52589,52602],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52590,52591,52593,52595,52597,52600],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52592,34856],{"class":52},[46,52594,57],{"class":56},[46,52596,438],{"class":426},[46,52598,52599],{"class":430},"a b",[46,52601,3544],{"class":426},[46,52603,52604,52606,52608,52610,52612,52614,52616],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52605,91],{"class":90},[46,52607,94],{"class":60},[46,52609,476],{"class":90},[46,52611,94],{"class":60},[46,52613,34877],{"class":102},[46,52615,5533],{"class":60},[46,52617,50934],{"class":3845},[20,52619,52620],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[32,52622,1991],{"id":1990},[283,52624,52626],{"id":52625},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52628,52629],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[283,52631,52633],{"id":52632},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52635,52636],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[283,52638,52640],{"id":52639},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52642,52643],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[283,52645,52647],{"id":52646},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52649,52650,52651,52653,52654,3065,52656,2020,52658,507],{},"No. Using ",[15,52652,498],{}," on an ",[15,52655,1584],{},[15,52657,2377],{},[15,52659,1638],{},[283,52661,52663],{"id":52662},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52665,7935,52666,507],{},[15,52667,52668],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52670,2393],{},[37,52672,52674],{"className":39,"code":52673,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52675,52676,52684,52688,52706],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52677,52678,52680,52682],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52679,8480],{"class":52},[46,52681,57],{"class":56},[46,52683,533],{"class":60},[46,52685,52686],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52687,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,52689,52690,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,52691,7170],{"class":1595},[46,52693,38551],{"class":90},[46,52695,94],{"class":60},[46,52697,8511],{"class":102},[46,52699,1592],{"class":60},[46,52701,6581],{"class":56},[46,52703,4015],{"class":64},[46,52705,6566],{"class":60},[46,52707,52708,52710,52712,52714,52717,52719],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,52709,8240],{"class":90},[46,52711,94],{"class":60},[46,52713,427],{"class":426},[46,52715,52716],{"class":430},"Empty list",[46,52718,427],{"class":426},[46,52720,215],{"class":60},[20,52722,52723,52724,52726,52727,52729,52730,52732],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52725,3856],{}," in an ",[15,52728,7170],{}," statement, but ",[15,52731,498],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[32,52734,2065],{"id":2064},[172,52736,52737,52741,52745,52749,52754,52758,52764],{},[175,52738,52739],{},[501,52740,51140],{"href":51139},[175,52742,52743],{},[501,52744,51144],{"href":51143},[175,52746,52747],{},[501,52748,9328],{"href":9327},[175,52750,52751],{},[501,52752,52753],{"href":51709},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[175,52755,52756],{},[501,52757,8614],{"href":2486},[175,52759,52760],{},[501,52761,52763],{"href":52762},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[175,52765,52766],{},[501,52767,52768],{"href":52300},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2103,52770,52771],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":52773},[52774,52775,52776,52777,52778,52779,52780,52786,52787,52788,52789,52796],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":50942,"depth":87,"text":50943},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":51287,"depth":87,"text":51288},{"id":51474,"depth":87,"text":51475},{"id":51713,"depth":87,"text":51714},{"id":41209,"depth":87,"text":41210,"children":52781},[52782,52783,52784,52785],{"id":51932,"depth":109,"text":51933},{"id":51986,"depth":109,"text":51987},{"id":52037,"depth":109,"text":52038},{"id":52118,"depth":109,"text":52119},{"id":52190,"depth":87,"text":52191},{"id":52304,"depth":87,"text":52305},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":52790},[52791,52792,52793,52794,52795],{"id":52625,"depth":109,"text":52626},{"id":52632,"depth":109,"text":52633},{"id":52639,"depth":109,"text":52640},{"id":52646,"depth":109,"text":52647},{"id":52662,"depth":109,"text":52663},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50825,"description":52797},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52804,"title":52805,"body":52806,"description":54490,"extension":2150,"meta":54491,"navigation":112,"path":54492,"seo":54493,"stem":54494,"__hash__":54495},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52807,"toc":54463},[52808,52811,52825,52831,52833,52887,52892,52896,52912,52915,52929,52935,52937,52940,52959,52975,52977,53053,53055,53092,53103,53105,53108,53169,53171,53204,53207,53213,53217,53220,53345,53347,53406,53414,53467,53469,53496,53502,53512,53516,53519,53524,53576,53578,53604,53610,53664,53666,53691,53694,53718,53724,53726,53730,53732,53789,53791,53799,53801,53823,53825,53878,53880,53904,53908,53910,53949,53951,53959,53965,53969,54021,54023,54049,54057,54061,54066,54075,54077,54143,54145,54177,54181,54186,54188,54202,54205,54278,54280,54305,54307,54311,54318,54322,54329,54333,54336,54338,54391,54393,54419,54423,54432,54434,54460],[10,52809,52805],{"id":52810},"python-list-append-method",[20,52812,882,52813,52816,52817,52820,52821,52824],{},[15,52814,52815],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3924,52818,52819],{},"one item"," to the ",[3924,52822,52823],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52826,52827,52828,52830],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3924,52829,4805],{}," create a new list.",[32,52832,3792],{"id":3791},[37,52834,52836],{"className":39,"code":52835,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52837,52838,52858,52872,52882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52839,52840,52842,52844,52846,52848,52850,52852,52854,52856],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52841,53],{"class":52},[46,52843,57],{"class":56},[46,52845,61],{"class":60},[46,52847,3175],{"class":64},[46,52849,68],{"class":60},[46,52851,71],{"class":64},[46,52853,68],{"class":60},[46,52855,312],{"class":64},[46,52857,84],{"class":60},[46,52859,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,52861,103],{"class":52},[46,52863,507],{"class":60},[46,52865,13720],{"class":102},[46,52867,94],{"class":60},[46,52869,2691],{"class":64},[46,52871,215],{"class":60},[46,52873,52874,52876,52878,52880],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,52875,91],{"class":90},[46,52877,94],{"class":60},[46,52879,103],{"class":102},[46,52881,215],{"class":60},[46,52883,52884],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,52885,52886],{"class":3845},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52888,160,52889,52891],{},[15,52890,52815],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[32,52893,52895],{"id":52894},"what-append-does","What append() does",[172,52897,52898,52903,52906,52909],{},[175,52899,52900,52902],{},[15,52901,52815],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[175,52904,52905],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[175,52907,52908],{},"It does not create a new list",[175,52910,52911],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52913,52914],{},"This means you can append:",[172,52916,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927],{},[175,52918,103],{},[175,52920,5480],{},[175,52922,40759],{},[175,52924,5471],{},[175,52926,7424],{},[175,52928,34830],{},[20,52930,52931,52932,507],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[501,52933,52934],{"href":51143},"Python lists explained for beginners",[32,52936,5603],{"id":5602},[20,52938,52939],{},"Basic form:",[37,52941,52943],{"className":39,"code":52942,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52944,52945],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52946,52947,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52948,8511],{"class":52},[46,52950,507],{"class":60},[46,52952,13720],{"class":102},[46,52954,94],{"class":60},[46,52956,23478],{"class":102},[46,52958,215],{"class":60},[172,52960,52961,52966,52971],{},[175,52962,52963,52965],{},[15,52964,8511],{}," is the list you want to change",[175,52967,52968,52970],{},[15,52969,23478],{}," is the value or object to add",[175,52972,12079,52973],{},[15,52974,1326],{},[20,52976,2393],{},[37,52978,52980],{"className":39,"code":52979,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52981,52982,53006,53029,53033,53043],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,52983,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002,53004],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,52985,36408],{"class":52},[46,52987,57],{"class":56},[46,52989,61],{"class":60},[46,52991,427],{"class":426},[46,52993,756],{"class":430},[46,52995,427],{"class":426},[46,52997,68],{"class":60},[46,52999,438],{"class":426},[46,53001,450],{"class":430},[46,53003,427],{"class":426},[46,53005,84],{"class":60},[46,53007,53008,53010,53012,53015,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53009,2416],{"class":52},[46,53011,57],{"class":56},[46,53013,53014],{"class":52}," fruits",[46,53016,507],{"class":60},[46,53018,13720],{"class":102},[46,53020,94],{"class":60},[46,53022,427],{"class":426},[46,53024,33389],{"class":430},[46,53026,427],{"class":426},[46,53028,215],{"class":60},[46,53030,53031],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53032,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53034,53035,53037,53039,53041],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53036,91],{"class":90},[46,53038,94],{"class":60},[46,53040,36460],{"class":102},[46,53042,215],{"class":60},[46,53044,53045,53047,53049,53051],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,53046,91],{"class":90},[46,53048,94],{"class":60},[46,53050,2451],{"class":102},[46,53052,215],{"class":60},[20,53054,143],{},[37,53056,53058],{"className":39,"code":53057,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53059,53060,53088],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53061,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072,53074,53076,53078,53080,53082,53084,53086],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53063,1152],{"class":60},[46,53065,1188],{"class":426},[46,53067,756],{"class":430},[46,53069,1188],{"class":426},[46,53071,68],{"class":60},[46,53073,1197],{"class":426},[46,53075,450],{"class":430},[46,53077,1188],{"class":426},[46,53079,68],{"class":60},[46,53081,1197],{"class":426},[46,53083,33389],{"class":430},[46,53085,1188],{"class":426},[46,53087,84],{"class":60},[46,53089,53090],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53091,1333],{"class":1325},[20,53093,53094,53095,53097,53098,53100,53101,507],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53096,52815],{}," updates ",[15,53099,36460],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53102,1326],{},[32,53104,11643],{"id":11642},[20,53106,53107],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[37,53109,53111],{"className":39,"code":53110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53112,53113,53137,53155,53159],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53114,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53116,13243],{"class":52},[46,53118,57],{"class":56},[46,53120,61],{"class":60},[46,53122,427],{"class":426},[46,53124,13260],{"class":430},[46,53126,427],{"class":426},[46,53128,68],{"class":60},[46,53130,438],{"class":426},[46,53132,13277],{"class":430},[46,53134,427],{"class":426},[46,53136,84],{"class":60},[46,53138,53139,53141,53143,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53140,17669],{"class":52},[46,53142,507],{"class":60},[46,53144,13720],{"class":102},[46,53146,94],{"class":60},[46,53148,427],{"class":426},[46,53150,17622],{"class":430},[46,53152,427],{"class":426},[46,53154,215],{"class":60},[46,53156,53157],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53158,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53160,53161,53163,53165,53167],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53162,91],{"class":90},[46,53164,94],{"class":60},[46,53166,17669],{"class":102},[46,53168,215],{"class":60},[20,53170,143],{},[37,53172,53174],{"className":39,"code":53173,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53175,53176],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53177,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53179,1152],{"class":60},[46,53181,1188],{"class":426},[46,53183,13260],{"class":430},[46,53185,1188],{"class":426},[46,53187,68],{"class":60},[46,53189,1197],{"class":426},[46,53191,13277],{"class":430},[46,53193,1188],{"class":426},[46,53195,68],{"class":60},[46,53197,1197],{"class":426},[46,53199,17622],{"class":430},[46,53201,1188],{"class":426},[46,53203,84],{"class":60},[20,53205,53206],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53208,31250,53209,507],{},[501,53210,53212],{"href":53211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[32,53214,53216],{"id":53215},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53218,53219],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[37,53221,53223],{"className":39,"code":53222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53224,53225,53233,53237,53251,53269,53283,53309,53331,53335],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53226,53227,53229,53231],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53228,1398],{"class":52},[46,53230,57],{"class":56},[46,53232,533],{"class":60},[46,53234,53235],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53236,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53238,53239,53241,53243,53245,53247,53249],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53240,1415],{"class":52},[46,53242,507],{"class":60},[46,53244,13720],{"class":102},[46,53246,94],{"class":60},[46,53248,1494],{"class":64},[46,53250,215],{"class":60},[46,53252,53253,53255,53257,53259,53261,53263,53265,53267],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53254,1415],{"class":52},[46,53256,507],{"class":60},[46,53258,13720],{"class":102},[46,53260,94],{"class":60},[46,53262,427],{"class":426},[46,53264,4027],{"class":430},[46,53266,427],{"class":426},[46,53268,215],{"class":60},[46,53270,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,53272,1415],{"class":52},[46,53274,507],{"class":60},[46,53276,13720],{"class":102},[46,53278,94],{"class":60},[46,53280,3787],{"class":1325},[46,53282,215],{"class":60},[46,53284,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,53286,1415],{"class":52},[46,53288,507],{"class":60},[46,53290,13720],{"class":102},[46,53292,5701],{"class":60},[46,53294,427],{"class":426},[46,53296,1009],{"class":430},[46,53298,427],{"class":426},[46,53300,198],{"class":60},[46,53302,438],{"class":426},[46,53304,7849],{"class":430},[46,53306,427],{"class":426},[46,53308,30664],{"class":60},[46,53310,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,53312,1415],{"class":52},[46,53314,507],{"class":60},[46,53316,13720],{"class":102},[46,53318,3172],{"class":60},[46,53320,3175],{"class":64},[46,53322,68],{"class":60},[46,53324,71],{"class":64},[46,53326,68],{"class":60},[46,53328,312],{"class":64},[46,53330,1161],{"class":60},[46,53332,53333],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,53334,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53336,53337,53339,53341,53343],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,53338,91],{"class":90},[46,53340,94],{"class":60},[46,53342,1415],{"class":102},[46,53344,215],{"class":60},[20,53346,143],{},[37,53348,53350],{"className":39,"code":53349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53351,53352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53353,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376,53378,53380,53382,53384,53386,53388,53391,53393,53395,53397,53399,53401,53403],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53355,1152],{"class":60},[46,53357,1494],{"class":64},[46,53359,68],{"class":60},[46,53361,1197],{"class":426},[46,53363,4027],{"class":430},[46,53365,1188],{"class":426},[46,53367,68],{"class":60},[46,53369,4093],{"class":1325},[46,53371,68],{"class":60},[46,53373,10660],{"class":60},[46,53375,1188],{"class":426},[46,53377,1009],{"class":430},[46,53379,1188],{"class":426},[46,53381,198],{"class":60},[46,53383,1197],{"class":426},[46,53385,7849],{"class":430},[46,53387,1188],{"class":426},[46,53389,53390],{"class":60},"},",[46,53392,61],{"class":60},[46,53394,3175],{"class":64},[46,53396,68],{"class":60},[46,53398,71],{"class":64},[46,53400,68],{"class":60},[46,53402,312],{"class":64},[46,53404,53405],{"class":60},"]]\n",[20,53407,53408,53409,42320,53411,507],{},"A list added with ",[15,53410,52815],{},[3924,53412,53413],{},"one single item",[37,53415,53417],{"className":39,"code":53416,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53418,53419,53435,53453,53457],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53420,53421,53423,53425,53427,53429,53431,53433],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53422,53],{"class":52},[46,53424,57],{"class":56},[46,53426,61],{"class":60},[46,53428,3175],{"class":64},[46,53430,68],{"class":60},[46,53432,71],{"class":64},[46,53434,84],{"class":60},[46,53436,53437,53439,53441,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53438,103],{"class":52},[46,53440,507],{"class":60},[46,53442,13720],{"class":102},[46,53444,3172],{"class":60},[46,53446,2249],{"class":64},[46,53448,68],{"class":60},[46,53450,2643],{"class":64},[46,53452,1161],{"class":60},[46,53454,53455],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53456,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53458,53459,53461,53463,53465],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53460,91],{"class":90},[46,53462,94],{"class":60},[46,53464,103],{"class":102},[46,53466,215],{"class":60},[20,53468,143],{},[37,53470,53472],{"className":39,"code":53471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53473,53474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53475,53476,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490,53492,53494],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53477,1152],{"class":60},[46,53479,3175],{"class":64},[46,53481,68],{"class":60},[46,53483,71],{"class":64},[46,53485,68],{"class":60},[46,53487,61],{"class":60},[46,53489,2249],{"class":64},[46,53491,68],{"class":60},[46,53493,2643],{"class":64},[46,53495,53405],{"class":60},[20,53497,2473,53498,53501],{},[15,53499,53500],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53503,53504,53505,53511],{},"This is different from ",[501,53506,53508],{"href":53507},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53509,53510],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[32,53513,53515],{"id":53514},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53517,53518],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[283,53520,578,53522],{"id":53521},"using-append",[15,53523,52815],{},[37,53525,53526],{"className":39,"code":53416,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,53527,53528,53544,53562,53566],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53529,53530,53532,53534,53536,53538,53540,53542],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53531,53],{"class":52},[46,53533,57],{"class":56},[46,53535,61],{"class":60},[46,53537,3175],{"class":64},[46,53539,68],{"class":60},[46,53541,71],{"class":64},[46,53543,84],{"class":60},[46,53545,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53547,103],{"class":52},[46,53549,507],{"class":60},[46,53551,13720],{"class":102},[46,53553,3172],{"class":60},[46,53555,2249],{"class":64},[46,53557,68],{"class":60},[46,53559,2643],{"class":64},[46,53561,1161],{"class":60},[46,53563,53564],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53565,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53567,53568,53570,53572,53574],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53569,91],{"class":90},[46,53571,94],{"class":60},[46,53573,103],{"class":102},[46,53575,215],{"class":60},[20,53577,143],{},[37,53579,53580],{"className":39,"code":53471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,53581,53582],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53583,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53585,1152],{"class":60},[46,53587,3175],{"class":64},[46,53589,68],{"class":60},[46,53591,71],{"class":64},[46,53593,68],{"class":60},[46,53595,61],{"class":60},[46,53597,2249],{"class":64},[46,53599,68],{"class":60},[46,53601,2643],{"class":64},[46,53603,53405],{"class":60},[283,53605,578,53607],{"id":53606},"using-extend",[15,53608,53609],{},"extend()",[37,53611,53613],{"className":39,"code":53612,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53614,53615,53631,53650,53654],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53616,53617,53619,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53618,53],{"class":52},[46,53620,57],{"class":56},[46,53622,61],{"class":60},[46,53624,3175],{"class":64},[46,53626,68],{"class":60},[46,53628,71],{"class":64},[46,53630,84],{"class":60},[46,53632,53633,53635,53637,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53634,103],{"class":52},[46,53636,507],{"class":60},[46,53638,53639],{"class":102},"extend",[46,53641,3172],{"class":60},[46,53643,2249],{"class":64},[46,53645,68],{"class":60},[46,53647,2643],{"class":64},[46,53649,1161],{"class":60},[46,53651,53652],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53653,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53655,53656,53658,53660,53662],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53657,91],{"class":90},[46,53659,94],{"class":60},[46,53661,103],{"class":102},[46,53663,215],{"class":60},[20,53665,143],{},[37,53667,53669],{"className":39,"code":53668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53670,53671],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53672,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53674,1152],{"class":60},[46,53676,3175],{"class":64},[46,53678,68],{"class":60},[46,53680,71],{"class":64},[46,53682,68],{"class":60},[46,53684,312],{"class":64},[46,53686,68],{"class":60},[46,53688,2643],{"class":64},[46,53690,84],{"class":60},[20,53692,53693],{},"The difference:",[172,53695,53696,53702,53708,53713],{},[175,53697,53698,53701],{},[15,53699,53700],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[175,53703,53704,53707],{},[15,53705,53706],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[175,53709,160,53710,53712],{},[15,53711,52815],{}," for one item",[175,53714,160,53715,53717],{},[15,53716,53609],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53719,53720,53721,507],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[501,53722,53723],{"href":53507},"Python list extend() method",[32,53725,4693],{"id":4692},[283,53727,53729],{"id":53728},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53731,25858],{},[37,53733,53735],{"className":39,"code":53734,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53736,53737,53757,53775,53779],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53738,53739,53741,53743,53745,53747,53749,53751,53753,53755],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53740,1398],{"class":52},[46,53742,57],{"class":56},[46,53744,61],{"class":60},[46,53746,3175],{"class":64},[46,53748,68],{"class":60},[46,53750,71],{"class":64},[46,53752,68],{"class":60},[46,53754,312],{"class":64},[46,53756,84],{"class":60},[46,53758,53759,53761,53763,53765,53767,53769,53771,53773],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53760,1398],{"class":52},[46,53762,57],{"class":56},[46,53764,6137],{"class":52},[46,53766,507],{"class":60},[46,53768,13720],{"class":102},[46,53770,94],{"class":60},[46,53772,2691],{"class":64},[46,53774,215],{"class":60},[46,53776,53777],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53778,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53780,53781,53783,53785,53787],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53782,91],{"class":90},[46,53784,94],{"class":60},[46,53786,1415],{"class":102},[46,53788,215],{"class":60},[20,53790,143],{},[37,53792,53793],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,53794,53795],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53796,53797],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53798,1333],{"class":1325},[20,53800,12068],{},[172,53802,53803,53808,53814],{},[175,53804,53805,53807],{},[15,53806,52815],{}," changes the list in place",[175,53809,53810,2583,53812],{},[15,53811,52815],{},[15,53813,1326],{},[175,53815,53816,53817,53820,53821],{},"So ",[15,53818,53819],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53822,1326],{},[20,53824,10975],{},[37,53826,53828],{"className":39,"code":53827,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53829,53830,53850,53864,53868],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53831,53832,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53833,1398],{"class":52},[46,53835,57],{"class":56},[46,53837,61],{"class":60},[46,53839,3175],{"class":64},[46,53841,68],{"class":60},[46,53843,71],{"class":64},[46,53845,68],{"class":60},[46,53847,312],{"class":64},[46,53849,84],{"class":60},[46,53851,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53853,1415],{"class":52},[46,53855,507],{"class":60},[46,53857,13720],{"class":102},[46,53859,94],{"class":60},[46,53861,2691],{"class":64},[46,53863,215],{"class":60},[46,53865,53866],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,53867,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,53869,53870,53872,53874,53876],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,53871,91],{"class":90},[46,53873,94],{"class":60},[46,53875,1415],{"class":102},[46,53877,215],{"class":60},[20,53879,143],{},[37,53881,53882],{"className":39,"code":53668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,53883,53884],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53885,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53887,1152],{"class":60},[46,53889,3175],{"class":64},[46,53891,68],{"class":60},[46,53893,71],{"class":64},[46,53895,68],{"class":60},[46,53897,312],{"class":64},[46,53899,68],{"class":60},[46,53901,2643],{"class":64},[46,53903,84],{"class":60},[283,53905,53907],{"id":53906},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53909,19081],{},[37,53911,53913],{"className":39,"code":53912,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53914,53915,53939],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53916,53917,53919,53921,53923,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53918,32050],{"class":52},[46,53920,57],{"class":56},[46,53922,61],{"class":60},[46,53924,3175],{"class":64},[46,53926,68],{"class":60},[46,53928,71],{"class":64},[46,53930,13717],{"class":60},[46,53932,13720],{"class":102},[46,53934,94],{"class":60},[46,53936,2249],{"class":64},[46,53938,215],{"class":60},[46,53940,53941,53943,53945,53947],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53942,91],{"class":90},[46,53944,94],{"class":60},[46,53946,32069],{"class":102},[46,53948,215],{"class":60},[20,53950,143],{},[37,53952,53953],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,53954,53955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53956,53957],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53958,1333],{"class":1325},[20,53960,53961,53962,53964],{},"Remember: ",[15,53963,52815],{}," updates the list you already have.",[283,53966,53968],{"id":53967},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[37,53970,53971],{"className":39,"code":53416,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,53972,53973,53989,54007,54011],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,53974,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983,53985,53987],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,53976,53],{"class":52},[46,53978,57],{"class":56},[46,53980,61],{"class":60},[46,53982,3175],{"class":64},[46,53984,68],{"class":60},[46,53986,71],{"class":64},[46,53988,84],{"class":60},[46,53990,53991,53993,53995,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,53992,103],{"class":52},[46,53994,507],{"class":60},[46,53996,13720],{"class":102},[46,53998,3172],{"class":60},[46,54000,2249],{"class":64},[46,54002,68],{"class":60},[46,54004,2643],{"class":64},[46,54006,1161],{"class":60},[46,54008,54009],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54010,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54012,54013,54015,54017,54019],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,54014,91],{"class":90},[46,54016,94],{"class":60},[46,54018,103],{"class":102},[46,54020,215],{"class":60},[20,54022,143],{},[37,54024,54025],{"className":39,"code":53471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,54026,54027],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54028,54029,54031,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045,54047],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54030,1152],{"class":60},[46,54032,3175],{"class":64},[46,54034,68],{"class":60},[46,54036,71],{"class":64},[46,54038,68],{"class":60},[46,54040,61],{"class":60},[46,54042,2249],{"class":64},[46,54044,68],{"class":60},[46,54046,2643],{"class":64},[46,54048,53405],{"class":60},[20,54050,3355,54051,54054,54055,6803],{},[15,54052,54053],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54056,53609],{},[283,54058,54060],{"id":54059},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54062,54063,54065],{},[15,54064,52815],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54067,54068,54069,507],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[501,54070,54072],{"href":54071},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54073,54074],{},"list.insert()",[20,54076,2393],{},[37,54078,54080],{"className":39,"code":54079,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54081,54082,54106,54129,54133],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54083,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102,54104],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54085,36259],{"class":52},[46,54087,57],{"class":56},[46,54089,61],{"class":60},[46,54091,427],{"class":426},[46,54093,501],{"class":430},[46,54095,427],{"class":426},[46,54097,68],{"class":60},[46,54099,438],{"class":426},[46,54101,9908],{"class":430},[46,54103,427],{"class":426},[46,54105,84],{"class":60},[46,54107,54108,54110,54112,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123,54125,54127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54109,36312],{"class":52},[46,54111,507],{"class":60},[46,54113,54114],{"class":102},"insert",[46,54116,94],{"class":60},[46,54118,3175],{"class":64},[46,54120,68],{"class":60},[46,54122,438],{"class":426},[46,54124,4935],{"class":430},[46,54126,427],{"class":426},[46,54128,215],{"class":60},[46,54130,54131],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54132,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54134,54135,54137,54139,54141],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,54136,91],{"class":90},[46,54138,94],{"class":60},[46,54140,36312],{"class":102},[46,54142,215],{"class":60},[20,54144,143],{},[37,54146,54147],{"className":39,"code":43039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,54148,54149],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54150,54151,54153,54155,54157,54159,54161,54163,54165,54167,54169,54171,54173,54175],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54152,1152],{"class":60},[46,54154,1188],{"class":426},[46,54156,501],{"class":430},[46,54158,1188],{"class":426},[46,54160,68],{"class":60},[46,54162,1197],{"class":426},[46,54164,4935],{"class":430},[46,54166,1188],{"class":426},[46,54168,68],{"class":60},[46,54170,1197],{"class":426},[46,54172,9908],{"class":430},[46,54174,1188],{"class":426},[46,54176,84],{"class":60},[32,54178,54180],{"id":54179},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54182,54183,54185],{},[15,54184,52815],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54187,36595],{},[172,54189,54190,54193,54196,54199],{},[175,54191,54192],{},"building a list in a loop",[175,54194,54195],{},"collecting user input",[175,54197,54198],{},"storing results step by step",[175,54200,54201],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54203,54204],{},"Example with a loop:",[37,54206,54208],{"className":39,"code":54207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54209,54210,54219,54223,54244,54263,54267],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54211,54212,54215,54217],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54213,54214],{"class":52},"squares ",[46,54216,57],{"class":56},[46,54218,533],{"class":60},[46,54220,54221],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54222,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54224,54225,54227,54229,54231,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54226,6129],{"class":1595},[46,54228,6559],{"class":52},[46,54230,1602],{"class":1595},[46,54232,54233],{"class":90}," range",[46,54235,94],{"class":60},[46,54237,3175],{"class":64},[46,54239,68],{"class":60},[46,54241,1508],{"class":64},[46,54243,8514],{"class":60},[46,54245,54246,54249,54251,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,54247,54248],{"class":52},"    squares",[46,54250,507],{"class":60},[46,54252,13720],{"class":102},[46,54254,94],{"class":60},[46,54256,2403],{"class":102},[46,54258,40038],{"class":56},[46,54260,2382],{"class":102},[46,54262,215],{"class":60},[46,54264,54265],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,54266,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54268,54269,54271,54273,54276],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,54270,91],{"class":90},[46,54272,94],{"class":60},[46,54274,54275],{"class":102},"squares",[46,54277,215],{"class":60},[20,54279,143],{},[37,54281,54283],{"className":39,"code":54282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54284,54285],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54286,54287,54289,54291,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54288,1152],{"class":60},[46,54290,3175],{"class":64},[46,54292,68],{"class":60},[46,54294,2643],{"class":64},[46,54296,68],{"class":60},[46,54298,76],{"class":64},[46,54300,68],{"class":60},[46,54302,14155],{"class":64},[46,54304,84],{"class":60},[32,54306,1991],{"id":1990},[283,54308,54310],{"id":54309},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54312,46530,54313,54315,54316,507],{},[15,54314,52815],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54317,1326],{},[283,54319,54321],{"id":54320},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54323,54324,54325,507],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[501,54326,54327],{"href":53507},[15,54328,53609],{},[283,54330,54332],{"id":54331},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54334,54335],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54337,2393],{},[37,54339,54341],{"className":39,"code":54340,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54342,54343,54359,54377,54381],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54344,54345,54347,54349,54351,54353,54355,54357],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54346,1487],{"class":52},[46,54348,57],{"class":56},[46,54350,61],{"class":60},[46,54352,3175],{"class":64},[46,54354,68],{"class":60},[46,54356,71],{"class":64},[46,54358,84],{"class":60},[46,54360,54361,54363,54365,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54362,1523],{"class":52},[46,54364,507],{"class":60},[46,54366,13720],{"class":102},[46,54368,3172],{"class":60},[46,54370,2249],{"class":64},[46,54372,68],{"class":60},[46,54374,2643],{"class":64},[46,54376,1161],{"class":60},[46,54378,54379],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54380,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54382,54383,54385,54387,54389],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,54384,91],{"class":90},[46,54386,94],{"class":60},[46,54388,1523],{"class":102},[46,54390,215],{"class":60},[20,54392,143],{},[37,54394,54395],{"className":39,"code":53471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,54396,54397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54398,54399,54401,54403,54405,54407,54409,54411,54413,54415,54417],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54400,1152],{"class":60},[46,54402,3175],{"class":64},[46,54404,68],{"class":60},[46,54406,71],{"class":64},[46,54408,68],{"class":60},[46,54410,61],{"class":60},[46,54412,2249],{"class":64},[46,54414,68],{"class":60},[46,54416,2643],{"class":64},[46,54418,53405],{"class":60},[283,54420,54422],{"id":54421},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54424,54425,54427,54428,54431],{},[15,54426,52815],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54429,54430],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[32,54433,2065],{"id":2064},[172,54435,54436,54441,54445,54450,54454],{},[175,54437,54438],{},[501,54439,54440],{"href":53211},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[175,54442,54443],{},[501,54444,53723],{"href":53507},[175,54446,54447],{},[501,54448,54449],{"href":54071},"Python list insert() method",[175,54451,54452],{},[501,54453,52934],{"href":51143},[175,54455,54456],{},[501,54457,54459],{"href":54458},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2103,54461,54462],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":54464},[54465,54466,54467,54468,54469,54470,54476,54482,54483,54489],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":52894,"depth":87,"text":52895},{"id":5602,"depth":87,"text":5603},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":53215,"depth":87,"text":53216},{"id":53514,"depth":87,"text":53515,"children":54471},[54472,54474],{"id":53521,"depth":109,"text":54473},"Using append()",{"id":53606,"depth":109,"text":54475},"Using extend()",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":54477},[54478,54479,54480,54481],{"id":53728,"depth":109,"text":53729},{"id":53906,"depth":109,"text":53907},{"id":53967,"depth":109,"text":53968},{"id":54059,"depth":109,"text":54060},{"id":54179,"depth":87,"text":54180},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":54484},[54485,54486,54487,54488],{"id":54309,"depth":109,"text":54310},{"id":54320,"depth":109,"text":54321},{"id":54331,"depth":109,"text":54332},{"id":54421,"depth":109,"text":54422},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52805,"description":54490},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54497,"title":54498,"body":54499,"description":55743,"extension":2150,"meta":55744,"navigation":112,"path":55745,"seo":55746,"stem":55747,"__hash__":55748},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54500,"toc":55708},[54501,54507,54513,54519,54521,54569,54574,54579,54583,54599,54605,54607,54610,54625,54627,54638,54640,54642,54699,54701,54709,54711,54727,54733,54735,54741,54745,54829,54832,54881,54888,54896,54899,54913,54926,54932,55007,55014,55021,55095,55103,55106,55117,55126,55130,55134,55145,55147,55224,55245,55247,55257,55260,55308,55310,55331,55334,55336,55387,55393,55400,55467,55473,55479,55482,55509,55514,55520,55523,55595,55598,55609,55615,55617,55623,55626,55632,55638,55645,55653,55659,55665,55667,55705],[10,54502,54504,54505,11490],{"id":54503},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54506,11489],{},[20,54508,54509,54512],{},[15,54510,54511],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54514,54515,54516,54518],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3924,54517,11502],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[32,54520,3792],{"id":3791},[37,54522,54524],{"className":39,"code":54523,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54525,54526,54546,54556],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54527,54528,54530,54532,54534,54536,54538,54540,54542,54544],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54529,1398],{"class":52},[46,54531,57],{"class":56},[46,54533,61],{"class":60},[46,54535,3175],{"class":64},[46,54537,68],{"class":60},[46,54539,71],{"class":64},[46,54541,68],{"class":60},[46,54543,312],{"class":64},[46,54545,84],{"class":60},[46,54547,54548,54550,54552,54554],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54549,1415],{"class":52},[46,54551,507],{"class":60},[46,54553,11551],{"class":102},[46,54555,8814],{"class":60},[46,54557,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54559,91],{"class":90},[46,54561,94],{"class":60},[46,54563,1415],{"class":102},[46,54565,1592],{"class":60},[46,54567,54568],{"class":3845},"  # []\n",[20,54570,160,54571,54573],{},[15,54572,11489],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[32,54575,167,54577,170],{"id":54576},"what-listclear-does",[15,54578,54511],{},[20,54580,54581,198],{},[15,54582,54511],{},[172,54584,54585,54588,54591,54596],{},[175,54586,54587],{},"Removes every item from a list",[175,54589,54590],{},"Changes the original list in place",[175,54592,54593,54594],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54595,3968],{},[175,54597,54598],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54600,54601,54602,54604],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54603,11489],{},", but it contains no values.",[32,54606,2343],{"id":2342},[20,54608,54609],{},"Syntax:",[37,54611,54613],{"className":39,"code":54612,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54614,54615],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54616,54617,54619,54621,54623],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54618,8511],{"class":52},[46,54620,507],{"class":60},[46,54622,11551],{"class":102},[46,54624,8814],{"class":60},[20,54626,888],{},[172,54628,54629,54632,54635],{},[175,54630,54631],{},"Call it on a list object",[175,54633,54634],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[175,54636,54637],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[32,54639,11643],{"id":11642},[20,54641,11646],{},[37,54643,54645],{"className":39,"code":54644,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54646,54647,54671,54675,54685,54689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54648,54649,54651,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661,54663,54665,54667,54669],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54650,53],{"class":52},[46,54652,57],{"class":56},[46,54654,61],{"class":60},[46,54656,1494],{"class":64},[46,54658,68],{"class":60},[46,54660,7962],{"class":64},[46,54662,68],{"class":60},[46,54664,7967],{"class":64},[46,54666,68],{"class":60},[46,54668,51007],{"class":64},[46,54670,84],{"class":60},[46,54672,54673],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54674,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54676,54677,54679,54681,54683],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54678,103],{"class":52},[46,54680,507],{"class":60},[46,54682,11551],{"class":102},[46,54684,8814],{"class":60},[46,54686,54687],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,54688,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54690,54691,54693,54695,54697],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,54692,91],{"class":90},[46,54694,94],{"class":60},[46,54696,103],{"class":102},[46,54698,215],{"class":60},[20,54700,143],{},[37,54702,54703],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,54704,54705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54706,54707],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54708,38463],{"class":60},[20,54710,11852],{},[172,54712,54713,54718,54724],{},[175,54714,54715,54717],{},[15,54716,103],{}," starts with four items",[175,54719,54720,54723],{},[15,54721,54722],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[175,54725,54726],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54728,54729,54730,507],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[501,54731,52934],{"href":54732},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[32,54734,17585],{"id":17584},[20,54736,54737,2583,54739,507],{},[15,54738,11489],{},[15,54740,1326],{},[20,54742,41070,54743,52830],{},[3924,54744,4805],{},[37,54746,54748],{"className":39,"code":54747,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54749,54750,54782,54786,54800,54804,54817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54751,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54753,1398],{"class":52},[46,54755,57],{"class":56},[46,54757,61],{"class":60},[46,54759,427],{"class":426},[46,54761,501],{"class":430},[46,54763,427],{"class":426},[46,54765,68],{"class":60},[46,54767,438],{"class":426},[46,54769,4935],{"class":430},[46,54771,427],{"class":426},[46,54773,68],{"class":60},[46,54775,438],{"class":426},[46,54777,9908],{"class":430},[46,54779,427],{"class":426},[46,54781,84],{"class":60},[46,54783,54784],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54785,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54787,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54789,2416],{"class":52},[46,54791,57],{"class":56},[46,54793,6137],{"class":52},[46,54795,507],{"class":60},[46,54797,11551],{"class":102},[46,54799,8814],{"class":60},[46,54801,54802],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,54803,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54805,54806,54808,54810,54812,54814],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,54807,91],{"class":90},[46,54809,94],{"class":60},[46,54811,1415],{"class":102},[46,54813,1592],{"class":60},[46,54815,54816],{"class":3845},"   # []\n",[46,54818,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,54820,91],{"class":90},[46,54822,94],{"class":60},[46,54824,2451],{"class":102},[46,54826,1592],{"class":60},[46,54828,21043],{"class":3845},[20,54830,54831],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[37,54833,54835],{"className":39,"code":54834,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54836,54837,54857,54871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54838,54839,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54840,1398],{"class":52},[46,54842,57],{"class":56},[46,54844,61],{"class":60},[46,54846,3175],{"class":64},[46,54848,68],{"class":60},[46,54850,71],{"class":64},[46,54852,68],{"class":60},[46,54854,312],{"class":64},[46,54856,84],{"class":60},[46,54858,54859,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54860,1398],{"class":52},[46,54862,57],{"class":56},[46,54864,6137],{"class":52},[46,54866,507],{"class":60},[46,54868,11551],{"class":102},[46,54870,8814],{"class":60},[46,54872,54873,54875,54877,54879],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54874,91],{"class":90},[46,54876,94],{"class":60},[46,54878,1415],{"class":102},[46,54880,215],{"class":60},[20,54882,12084,54883,42320,54885,54887],{},[15,54884,1415],{},[15,54886,1326],{},", not an empty list.",[32,54889,54891,54893,54894],{"id":54890},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54892,11489],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54895,3968],{},[20,54897,54898],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[37,54900,54901],{"className":39,"code":54612,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,54902,54903],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54904,54905,54907,54909,54911],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54906,8511],{"class":52},[46,54908,507],{"class":60},[46,54910,11551],{"class":102},[46,54912,8814],{"class":60},[37,54914,54916],{"className":39,"code":54915,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = []\n",[15,54917,54918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54919,54920,54922,54924],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54921,8480],{"class":52},[46,54923,57],{"class":56},[46,54925,533],{"class":60},[283,54927,54929,54931],{"id":54928},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54930,11489],{}," empties the same list object",[37,54933,54935],{"className":39,"code":54934,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54936,54937,54957,54965,54969,54979,54983,54995],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,54938,54939,54941,54943,54945,54947,54949,54951,54953,54955],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,54940,2741],{"class":52},[46,54942,57],{"class":56},[46,54944,61],{"class":60},[46,54946,3175],{"class":64},[46,54948,68],{"class":60},[46,54950,71],{"class":64},[46,54952,68],{"class":60},[46,54954,312],{"class":64},[46,54956,84],{"class":60},[46,54958,54959,54961,54963],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,54960,2769],{"class":52},[46,54962,57],{"class":56},[46,54964,36344],{"class":52},[46,54966,54967],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,54968,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54970,54971,54973,54975,54977],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,54972,501],{"class":52},[46,54974,507],{"class":60},[46,54976,11551],{"class":102},[46,54978,8814],{"class":60},[46,54980,54981],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,54982,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,54984,54985,54987,54989,54991,54993],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,54986,91],{"class":90},[46,54988,94],{"class":60},[46,54990,501],{"class":102},[46,54992,1592],{"class":60},[46,54994,54568],{"class":3845},[46,54996,54997,54999,55001,55003,55005],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,54998,91],{"class":90},[46,55000,94],{"class":60},[46,55002,4935],{"class":102},[46,55004,1592],{"class":60},[46,55006,54568],{"class":3845},[20,55008,10760,55009,2051,55011,55013],{},[15,55010,501],{},[15,55012,4935],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[283,55015,55017,55020],{"id":55016},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,55018,55019],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[37,55022,55024],{"className":39,"code":55023,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55025,55026,55046,55054,55058,55066,55070,55082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55027,55028,55030,55032,55034,55036,55038,55040,55042,55044],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55029,2741],{"class":52},[46,55031,57],{"class":56},[46,55033,61],{"class":60},[46,55035,3175],{"class":64},[46,55037,68],{"class":60},[46,55039,71],{"class":64},[46,55041,68],{"class":60},[46,55043,312],{"class":64},[46,55045,84],{"class":60},[46,55047,55048,55050,55052],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55049,2769],{"class":52},[46,55051,57],{"class":56},[46,55053,36344],{"class":52},[46,55055,55056],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55057,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55059,55060,55062,55064],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55061,2741],{"class":52},[46,55063,57],{"class":56},[46,55065,533],{"class":60},[46,55067,55068],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,55069,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55071,55072,55074,55076,55078,55080],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,55073,91],{"class":90},[46,55075,94],{"class":60},[46,55077,501],{"class":102},[46,55079,1592],{"class":60},[46,55081,54568],{"class":3845},[46,55083,55084,55086,55088,55090,55092],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,55085,91],{"class":90},[46,55087,94],{"class":60},[46,55089,4935],{"class":102},[46,55091,1592],{"class":60},[46,55093,55094],{"class":3845},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55096,20938,55097,55099,55100,55102],{},[15,55098,501],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55101,4935],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55104,55105],{},"This difference matters when:",[172,55107,55108,55111,55114],{},[175,55109,55110],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[175,55112,55113],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[175,55115,55116],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55118,55119,55120,507],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[501,55121,55123,55124,10910],{"href":55122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55125,12945],{},[32,55127,1794,55128],{"id":12605},[15,55129,11489],{},[20,55131,160,55132,6490],{},[15,55133,11489],{},[172,55135,55136,55139,55142],{},[175,55137,55138],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[175,55140,55141],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[175,55143,55144],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55146,2393],{},[37,55148,55150],{"className":39,"code":55149,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55151,55152,55188,55192,55197,55208,55212],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55153,55154,55157,55159,55161,55163,55166,55168,55170,55172,55175,55177,55179,55181,55184,55186],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55155,55156],{"class":52},"shopping_cart ",[46,55158,57],{"class":56},[46,55160,61],{"class":60},[46,55162,427],{"class":426},[46,55164,55165],{"class":430},"milk",[46,55167,427],{"class":426},[46,55169,68],{"class":60},[46,55171,438],{"class":426},[46,55173,55174],{"class":430},"bread",[46,55176,427],{"class":426},[46,55178,68],{"class":60},[46,55180,438],{"class":426},[46,55182,55183],{"class":430},"eggs",[46,55185,427],{"class":426},[46,55187,84],{"class":60},[46,55189,55190],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55191,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55193,55194],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55195,55196],{"class":3845},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[46,55198,55199,55202,55204,55206],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55200,55201],{"class":52},"shopping_cart",[46,55203,507],{"class":60},[46,55205,11551],{"class":102},[46,55207,8814],{"class":60},[46,55209,55210],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,55211,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55213,55214,55216,55218,55220,55222],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,55215,91],{"class":90},[46,55217,94],{"class":60},[46,55219,55201],{"class":102},[46,55221,1592],{"class":60},[46,55223,54568],{"class":3845},[20,55225,55226,55227,55231,55232,55238,55239,507],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[501,55228,55230],{"href":55229},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[501,55233,55235,10910],{"href":55234},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55236,55237],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[501,55240,55242,10910],{"href":55241},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55243,55244],{},"list.pop()",[32,55246,4693],{"id":4692},[283,55248,55250,55251,11260,55254],{"id":55249},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55252,55253],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55255,55256],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55258,55259],{},"This does not call the method.",[37,55261,55263],{"className":39,"code":55262,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55264,55265,55285,55289,55298],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55266,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277,55279,55281,55283],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55268,1398],{"class":52},[46,55270,57],{"class":56},[46,55272,61],{"class":60},[46,55274,3175],{"class":64},[46,55276,68],{"class":60},[46,55278,71],{"class":64},[46,55280,68],{"class":60},[46,55282,312],{"class":64},[46,55284,84],{"class":60},[46,55286,55287],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55288,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55290,55291,55293,55295],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55292,1415],{"class":52},[46,55294,507],{"class":60},[46,55296,55297],{"class":1774},"clear\n",[46,55299,55300,55302,55304,55306],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55301,91],{"class":90},[46,55303,94],{"class":60},[46,55305,1415],{"class":102},[46,55307,215],{"class":60},[20,55309,143],{},[37,55311,55313],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55314,55315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55316,55317,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327,55329],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55318,1152],{"class":60},[46,55320,3175],{"class":64},[46,55322,68],{"class":60},[46,55324,71],{"class":64},[46,55326,68],{"class":60},[46,55328,312],{"class":64},[46,55330,84],{"class":60},[20,55332,55333],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55335,10975],{},[37,55337,55339],{"className":39,"code":55338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55340,55341,55361,55365,55375],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55342,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355,55357,55359],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55344,1398],{"class":52},[46,55346,57],{"class":56},[46,55348,61],{"class":60},[46,55350,3175],{"class":64},[46,55352,68],{"class":60},[46,55354,71],{"class":64},[46,55356,68],{"class":60},[46,55358,312],{"class":64},[46,55360,84],{"class":60},[46,55362,55363],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55364,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55366,55367,55369,55371,55373],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55368,1415],{"class":52},[46,55370,507],{"class":60},[46,55372,11551],{"class":102},[46,55374,8814],{"class":60},[46,55376,55377,55379,55381,55383,55385],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55378,91],{"class":90},[46,55380,94],{"class":60},[46,55382,1415],{"class":102},[46,55384,1592],{"class":60},[46,55386,54568],{"class":3845},[283,55388,1853,55390,55392],{"id":55389},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55391,11489],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55394,55395,2583,55397,55399],{},[15,55396,11489],{},[15,55398,1326],{},", not the list.",[37,55401,55403],{"className":39,"code":55402,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55404,55405,55425,55439,55443,55455],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55406,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421,55423],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55408,1398],{"class":52},[46,55410,57],{"class":56},[46,55412,61],{"class":60},[46,55414,3175],{"class":64},[46,55416,68],{"class":60},[46,55418,71],{"class":64},[46,55420,68],{"class":60},[46,55422,312],{"class":64},[46,55424,84],{"class":60},[46,55426,55427,55429,55431,55433,55435,55437],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55428,2416],{"class":52},[46,55430,57],{"class":56},[46,55432,6137],{"class":52},[46,55434,507],{"class":60},[46,55436,11551],{"class":102},[46,55438,8814],{"class":60},[46,55440,55441],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55442,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55444,55445,55447,55449,55451,55453],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55446,91],{"class":90},[46,55448,94],{"class":60},[46,55450,2451],{"class":102},[46,55452,1592],{"class":60},[46,55454,21043],{"class":3845},[46,55456,55457,55459,55461,55463,55465],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,55458,91],{"class":90},[46,55460,94],{"class":60},[46,55462,1415],{"class":102},[46,55464,1592],{"class":60},[46,55466,54816],{"class":3845},[283,55468,578,55470,55472],{"id":55469},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55471,11489],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55474,55475,55476,55478],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55477,11489],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55480,55481],{},"This will fail:",[37,55483,55485],{"className":39,"code":55484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55486,55487,55499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55488,55489,55491,55493,55495,55497],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55490,34856],{"class":52},[46,55492,57],{"class":56},[46,55494,438],{"class":426},[46,55496,4027],{"class":430},[46,55498,3544],{"class":426},[46,55500,55501,55503,55505,55507],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55502,34877],{"class":52},[46,55504,507],{"class":60},[46,55506,11551],{"class":102},[46,55508,8814],{"class":60},[20,55510,55511,55512,33769],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55513,11489],{},[20,55515,55516,55517,55519],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55518,1326],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55521,55522],{},"Useful checks:",[37,55524,55526],{"className":39,"code":55525,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55527,55528,55538,55552,55566,55575,55585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55529,55530,55532,55534,55536],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55531,91],{"class":90},[46,55533,94],{"class":60},[46,55535,8511],{"class":102},[46,55537,215],{"class":60},[46,55539,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548,55550],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55541,91],{"class":90},[46,55543,94],{"class":60},[46,55545,1889],{"class":1270},[46,55547,94],{"class":60},[46,55549,8511],{"class":102},[46,55551,106],{"class":60},[46,55553,55554,55556,55558,55560,55562,55564],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55555,91],{"class":90},[46,55557,94],{"class":60},[46,55559,12817],{"class":90},[46,55561,94],{"class":60},[46,55563,8511],{"class":102},[46,55565,106],{"class":60},[46,55567,55568,55570,55572],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55569,43713],{"class":52},[46,55571,57],{"class":56},[46,55573,55574],{"class":52}," my_list\n",[46,55576,55577,55579,55581,55583],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,55578,8511],{"class":52},[46,55580,507],{"class":60},[46,55582,11551],{"class":102},[46,55584,8814],{"class":60},[46,55586,55587,55589,55591,55593],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,55588,91],{"class":90},[46,55590,94],{"class":60},[46,55592,30911],{"class":102},[46,55594,215],{"class":60},[20,55596,55597],{},"These can help you see:",[172,55599,55600,55603,55606],{},[175,55601,55602],{},"What the variable currently contains",[175,55604,55605],{},"Whether it is really a list",[175,55607,55608],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55610,55611,55612,507],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[501,55613,55614],{"href":54458},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[32,55616,1991],{"id":1990},[283,55618,12872,55620,55622],{"id":55619},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55621,54511],{}," delete the list?",[20,55624,55625],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[283,55627,12872,55629,55631],{"id":55628},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55630,54511],{}," return a new list?",[20,55633,55634,55635,55637],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55636,1326],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[283,55639,2048,55641,2051,55643,2035],{"id":55640},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55642,11489],{},[15,55644,55019],{},[20,55646,55647,55649,55650,55652],{},[15,55648,11489],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55651,55019],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[283,55654,28496,55656,55658],{"id":55655},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55657,11489],{}," on other types?",[20,55660,55661,55662,55664],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55663,11489],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[32,55666,2065],{"id":2064},[172,55668,55669,55673,55678,55685,55692,55698],{},[175,55670,55671],{},[501,55672,52934],{"href":54732},[175,55674,55675],{},[501,55676,55677],{"href":55229},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[175,55679,55680],{},[501,55681,55682,55683,10910],{"href":55241},"Python list ",[15,55684,12931],{},[175,55686,55687],{},[501,55688,55682,55689,10910],{"href":55234},[15,55690,55691],{},"remove()",[175,55693,55694],{},[501,55695,55682,55696,10910],{"href":55122},[15,55697,12945],{},[175,55699,55700],{},[501,55701,30515,55702,33802],{"href":54458},[15,55703,55704],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2103,55706,55707],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":55709},[55710,55711,55713,55714,55715,55716,55723,55724,55732,55742],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":54576,"depth":87,"text":55712},"What list.clear() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":54890,"depth":87,"text":55717,"children":55718},"clear() vs assigning []",[55719,55721],{"id":54928,"depth":109,"text":55720},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":55016,"depth":109,"text":55722},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12605,"depth":87,"text":12977},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":55725},[55726,55728,55730],{"id":55249,"depth":109,"text":55727},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55389,"depth":109,"text":55729},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55469,"depth":109,"text":55731},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":55733},[55734,55736,55738,55740],{"id":55619,"depth":109,"text":55735},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55628,"depth":109,"text":55737},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55640,"depth":109,"text":55739},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55655,"depth":109,"text":55741},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54498,"description":55743},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55750,"title":55751,"body":55752,"description":57436,"extension":2150,"meta":57437,"navigation":112,"path":57438,"seo":57439,"stem":57440,"__hash__":57441},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55753,"toc":57404},[55754,55759,55765,55773,55775,55864,55871,55876,55880,55894,55896,55973,55975,56036,56039,56041,56043,56064,56067,56081,56084,56129,56131,56139,56142,56148,56154,56157,56234,56236,56281,56284,56289,56372,56374,56415,56420,56424,56430,56432,56440,56443,56536,56538,56596,56599,56615,56620,56630,56635,56637,56642,56647,56650,56652,56709,56712,56765,56771,56776,56780,56797,56799,56883,56885,56926,56934,56936,56940,56946,56948,57011,57016,57086,57090,57125,57128,57130,57169,57173,57249,57255,57261,57266,57288,57291,57310,57318,57320,57326,57329,57336,57344,57349,57352,57356,57362,57370,57373,57375,57401],[10,55755,54504,55757,11490],{"id":55756},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55758,12945],{},[20,55760,55761,55764],{},[15,55762,55763],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55766,55767,55768,14221,55770,55772],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55769,57],{},[3924,55771,4805],{}," make a real copy.",[32,55774,35],{"id":34},[37,55776,55778],{"className":39,"code":55777,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55779,55780,55800,55815,55819,55834,55838,55851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55781,55782,55784,55786,55788,55790,55792,55794,55796,55798],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55783,53],{"class":52},[46,55785,57],{"class":56},[46,55787,61],{"class":60},[46,55789,3175],{"class":64},[46,55791,68],{"class":60},[46,55793,71],{"class":64},[46,55795,68],{"class":60},[46,55797,312],{"class":64},[46,55799,84],{"class":60},[46,55801,55802,55805,55807,55809,55811,55813],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55803,55804],{"class":52},"new_numbers ",[46,55806,57],{"class":56},[46,55808,4437],{"class":52},[46,55810,507],{"class":60},[46,55812,13078],{"class":102},[46,55814,8814],{"class":60},[46,55816,55817],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55818,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55820,55821,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55822,55823],{"class":52},"new_numbers",[46,55825,507],{"class":60},[46,55827,13720],{"class":102},[46,55829,94],{"class":60},[46,55831,2691],{"class":64},[46,55833,215],{"class":60},[46,55835,55836],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,55837,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55839,55840,55842,55844,55846,55848],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,55841,91],{"class":90},[46,55843,94],{"class":60},[46,55845,103],{"class":102},[46,55847,1592],{"class":60},[46,55849,55850],{"class":3845},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[46,55852,55853,55855,55857,55859,55861],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,55854,91],{"class":90},[46,55856,94],{"class":60},[46,55858,55823],{"class":102},[46,55860,1592],{"class":60},[46,55862,55863],{"class":3845},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55865,160,55866,55868,55869,507],{},[15,55867,55763],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3924,55870,13019],{},[32,55872,167,55874,170],{"id":55873},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55875,55763],{},[20,55877,55878,198],{},[15,55879,55763],{},[172,55881,55882,55885,55888,55891],{},[175,55883,55884],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[175,55886,55887],{},"Returns that new list",[175,55889,55890],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[175,55892,55893],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55895,2393],{},[37,55897,55899],{"className":39,"code":55898,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55900,55901,55933,55948,55952,55962],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55902,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921,55923,55925,55927,55929,55931],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55904,36408],{"class":52},[46,55906,57],{"class":56},[46,55908,61],{"class":60},[46,55910,427],{"class":426},[46,55912,756],{"class":430},[46,55914,427],{"class":426},[46,55916,68],{"class":60},[46,55918,438],{"class":426},[46,55920,450],{"class":430},[46,55922,427],{"class":426},[46,55924,68],{"class":60},[46,55926,438],{"class":426},[46,55928,33389],{"class":430},[46,55930,427],{"class":426},[46,55932,84],{"class":60},[46,55934,55935,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,55936,55937],{"class":52},"copied_fruits ",[46,55939,57],{"class":56},[46,55941,53014],{"class":52},[46,55943,507],{"class":60},[46,55945,13078],{"class":102},[46,55947,8814],{"class":60},[46,55949,55950],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,55951,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,55953,55954,55956,55958,55960],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,55955,91],{"class":90},[46,55957,94],{"class":60},[46,55959,36460],{"class":102},[46,55961,215],{"class":60},[46,55963,55964,55966,55968,55971],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,55965,91],{"class":90},[46,55967,94],{"class":60},[46,55969,55970],{"class":102},"copied_fruits",[46,55972,215],{"class":60},[20,55974,143],{},[37,55976,55978],{"className":39,"code":55977,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55979,55980,56008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,55981,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,55983,1152],{"class":60},[46,55985,1188],{"class":426},[46,55987,756],{"class":430},[46,55989,1188],{"class":426},[46,55991,68],{"class":60},[46,55993,1197],{"class":426},[46,55995,450],{"class":430},[46,55997,1188],{"class":426},[46,55999,68],{"class":60},[46,56001,1197],{"class":426},[46,56003,33389],{"class":430},[46,56005,1188],{"class":426},[46,56007,84],{"class":60},[46,56009,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56011,1152],{"class":60},[46,56013,1188],{"class":426},[46,56015,756],{"class":430},[46,56017,1188],{"class":426},[46,56019,68],{"class":60},[46,56021,1197],{"class":426},[46,56023,450],{"class":430},[46,56025,1188],{"class":426},[46,56027,68],{"class":60},[46,56029,1197],{"class":426},[46,56031,33389],{"class":430},[46,56033,1188],{"class":426},[46,56035,84],{"class":60},[20,56037,56038],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[32,56040,2343],{"id":2342},[20,56042,2346],{},[37,56044,56046],{"className":39,"code":56045,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56047,56048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56049,56050,56053,56055,56058,56060,56062],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56051,56052],{"class":52},"new_list ",[46,56054,57],{"class":56},[46,56056,56057],{"class":52}," old_list",[46,56059,507],{"class":60},[46,56061,13078],{"class":102},[46,56063,8814],{"class":60},[20,56065,56066],{},"How it works:",[172,56068,56069,56075,56078],{},[175,56070,56071,56072,56074],{},"Call ",[15,56073,12945],{}," on an existing list",[175,56076,56077],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[175,56079,56080],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56082,56083],{},"Example with an empty list:",[37,56085,56087],{"className":39,"code":56086,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56088,56089,56098,56114,56118],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56090,56091,56094,56096],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56092,56093],{"class":52},"empty_list ",[46,56095,57],{"class":56},[46,56097,533],{"class":60},[46,56099,56100,56103,56105,56108,56110,56112],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56101,56102],{"class":52},"new_empty_list ",[46,56104,57],{"class":56},[46,56106,56107],{"class":52}," empty_list",[46,56109,507],{"class":60},[46,56111,13078],{"class":102},[46,56113,8814],{"class":60},[46,56115,56116],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56117,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56119,56120,56122,56124,56127],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56121,91],{"class":90},[46,56123,94],{"class":60},[46,56125,56126],{"class":102},"new_empty_list",[46,56128,215],{"class":60},[20,56130,143],{},[37,56132,56133],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,56134,56135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56136,56137],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56138,38463],{"class":60},[20,56140,56141],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[32,56143,56145,56146],{"id":56144},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56147,57],{},[20,56149,578,56150,14221,56152,52830],{},[15,56151,57],{},[3924,56153,4805],{},[20,56155,56156],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[37,56158,56160],{"className":39,"code":56159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56161,56162,56182,56191,56195,56210,56214,56224],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56163,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178,56180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56165,53],{"class":52},[46,56167,57],{"class":56},[46,56169,61],{"class":60},[46,56171,3175],{"class":64},[46,56173,68],{"class":60},[46,56175,71],{"class":64},[46,56177,68],{"class":60},[46,56179,312],{"class":64},[46,56181,84],{"class":60},[46,56183,56184,56187,56189],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56185,56186],{"class":52},"same_list ",[46,56188,57],{"class":56},[46,56190,44146],{"class":52},[46,56192,56193],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56194,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56196,56197,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56198,56199],{"class":52},"same_list",[46,56201,507],{"class":60},[46,56203,13720],{"class":102},[46,56205,94],{"class":60},[46,56207,2691],{"class":64},[46,56209,215],{"class":60},[46,56211,56212],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,56213,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56215,56216,56218,56220,56222],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,56217,91],{"class":90},[46,56219,94],{"class":60},[46,56221,103],{"class":102},[46,56223,215],{"class":60},[46,56225,56226,56228,56230,56232],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,56227,91],{"class":90},[46,56229,94],{"class":60},[46,56231,56199],{"class":102},[46,56233,215],{"class":60},[20,56235,143],{},[37,56237,56239],{"className":39,"code":56238,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56240,56241,56261],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56242,56243,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56244,1152],{"class":60},[46,56246,3175],{"class":64},[46,56248,68],{"class":60},[46,56250,71],{"class":64},[46,56252,68],{"class":60},[46,56254,312],{"class":64},[46,56256,68],{"class":60},[46,56258,2643],{"class":64},[46,56260,84],{"class":60},[46,56262,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271,56273,56275,56277,56279],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56264,1152],{"class":60},[46,56266,3175],{"class":64},[46,56268,68],{"class":60},[46,56270,71],{"class":64},[46,56272,68],{"class":60},[46,56274,312],{"class":64},[46,56276,68],{"class":60},[46,56278,2643],{"class":64},[46,56280,84],{"class":60},[20,56282,56283],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56285,56286,56287,198],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56288,12945],{},[37,56290,56292],{"className":39,"code":56291,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56293,56294,56314,56329,56333,56348,56352,56362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56295,56296,56298,56300,56302,56304,56306,56308,56310,56312],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56297,53],{"class":52},[46,56299,57],{"class":56},[46,56301,61],{"class":60},[46,56303,3175],{"class":64},[46,56305,68],{"class":60},[46,56307,71],{"class":64},[46,56309,68],{"class":60},[46,56311,312],{"class":64},[46,56313,84],{"class":60},[46,56315,56316,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56317,56318],{"class":52},"copied_numbers ",[46,56320,57],{"class":56},[46,56322,4437],{"class":52},[46,56324,507],{"class":60},[46,56326,13078],{"class":102},[46,56328,8814],{"class":60},[46,56330,56331],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56332,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56334,56335,56338,56340,56342,56344,56346],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56336,56337],{"class":52},"copied_numbers",[46,56339,507],{"class":60},[46,56341,13720],{"class":102},[46,56343,94],{"class":60},[46,56345,2691],{"class":64},[46,56347,215],{"class":60},[46,56349,56350],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,56351,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56353,56354,56356,56358,56360],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,56355,91],{"class":90},[46,56357,94],{"class":60},[46,56359,103],{"class":102},[46,56361,215],{"class":60},[46,56363,56364,56366,56368,56370],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,56365,91],{"class":90},[46,56367,94],{"class":60},[46,56369,56337],{"class":102},[46,56371,215],{"class":60},[20,56373,143],{},[37,56375,56377],{"className":39,"code":56376,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56378,56379,56395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56380,56381,56383,56385,56387,56389,56391,56393],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56382,1152],{"class":60},[46,56384,3175],{"class":64},[46,56386,68],{"class":60},[46,56388,71],{"class":64},[46,56390,68],{"class":60},[46,56392,312],{"class":64},[46,56394,84],{"class":60},[46,56396,56397,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411,56413],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56398,1152],{"class":60},[46,56400,3175],{"class":64},[46,56402,68],{"class":60},[46,56404,71],{"class":64},[46,56406,68],{"class":60},[46,56408,312],{"class":64},[46,56410,68],{"class":60},[46,56412,2643],{"class":64},[46,56414,84],{"class":60},[20,56416,56417,56418,507],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[501,56419,52934],{"href":51143},[32,56421,56423],{"id":56422},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56425,56426,13016,56428,507],{},[15,56427,55763],{},[3924,56429,13019],{},[20,56431,2293],{},[172,56433,56434,56437],{},[175,56435,56436],{},"The outer list is new",[175,56438,56439],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56441,56442],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[37,56444,56446],{"className":39,"code":56445,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56447,56448,56475,56489,56493,56512,56516,56526],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56449,56450,56452,56454,56457,56459,56461,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56451,12254],{"class":52},[46,56453,57],{"class":56},[46,56455,56456],{"class":60}," [[",[46,56458,3175],{"class":64},[46,56460,68],{"class":60},[46,56462,71],{"class":64},[46,56464,18229],{"class":60},[46,56466,61],{"class":60},[46,56468,2249],{"class":64},[46,56470,68],{"class":60},[46,56472,2643],{"class":64},[46,56474,53405],{"class":60},[46,56476,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485,56487],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56478,14479],{"class":52},[46,56480,57],{"class":56},[46,56482,12329],{"class":52},[46,56484,507],{"class":60},[46,56486,13078],{"class":102},[46,56488,8814],{"class":60},[46,56490,56491],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56492,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56494,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56510],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56496,14498],{"class":52},[46,56498,1152],{"class":60},[46,56500,554],{"class":64},[46,56502,13717],{"class":60},[46,56504,13720],{"class":102},[46,56506,94],{"class":60},[46,56508,56509],{"class":64},"99",[46,56511,215],{"class":60},[46,56513,56514],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,56515,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56517,56518,56520,56522,56524],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,56519,91],{"class":90},[46,56521,94],{"class":60},[46,56523,12301],{"class":102},[46,56525,215],{"class":60},[46,56527,56528,56530,56532,56534],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,56529,91],{"class":90},[46,56531,94],{"class":60},[46,56533,14498],{"class":102},[46,56535,215],{"class":60},[20,56537,143],{},[37,56539,56541],{"className":39,"code":56540,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56542,56543,56570],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56544,56545,56548,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562,56564,56566,56568],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56546,56547],{"class":60},"[[",[46,56549,3175],{"class":64},[46,56551,68],{"class":60},[46,56553,71],{"class":64},[46,56555,68],{"class":60},[46,56557,10366],{"class":64},[46,56559,18229],{"class":60},[46,56561,61],{"class":60},[46,56563,2249],{"class":64},[46,56565,68],{"class":60},[46,56567,2643],{"class":64},[46,56569,53405],{"class":60},[46,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592,56594],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56573,56547],{"class":60},[46,56575,3175],{"class":64},[46,56577,68],{"class":60},[46,56579,71],{"class":64},[46,56581,68],{"class":60},[46,56583,10366],{"class":64},[46,56585,18229],{"class":60},[46,56587,61],{"class":60},[46,56589,2249],{"class":64},[46,56591,68],{"class":60},[46,56593,2643],{"class":64},[46,56595,53405],{"class":60},[20,56597,56598],{},"Why did both change?",[172,56600,56601,56608],{},[175,56602,56603,2051,56605,56607],{},[15,56604,12301],{},[15,56606,14498],{}," are different outer lists",[175,56609,56610,56611,56614],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56612,56613],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56616,53816,56617,56619],{},[15,56618,12945],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[172,56621,56622,56625,56628],{},[175,56623,56624],{},"Numbers",[175,56626,56627],{},"Strings",[175,56629,40760],{},[20,56631,56632,56633,507],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[501,56634,13958],{"href":13957},[32,56636,17585],{"id":17584},[20,56638,56639,56641],{},[15,56640,55763],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56643,41070,56644,56646],{},[3924,56645,4805],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56648,56649],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56651,16821],{},[37,56653,56655],{"className":39,"code":56654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56656,56657,56681,56695,56699],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56658,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669,56671,56673,56675,56677,56679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56660,13243],{"class":52},[46,56662,57],{"class":56},[46,56664,61],{"class":60},[46,56666,427],{"class":426},[46,56668,13260],{"class":430},[46,56670,427],{"class":426},[46,56672,68],{"class":60},[46,56674,438],{"class":426},[46,56676,13277],{"class":430},[46,56678,427],{"class":426},[46,56680,84],{"class":60},[46,56682,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56684,13286],{"class":52},[46,56686,57],{"class":56},[46,56688,13291],{"class":52},[46,56690,507],{"class":60},[46,56692,13078],{"class":102},[46,56694,8814],{"class":60},[46,56696,56697],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56698,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56700,56701,56703,56705,56707],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56702,91],{"class":90},[46,56704,94],{"class":60},[46,56706,13310],{"class":102},[46,56708,215],{"class":60},[20,56710,56711],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[37,56713,56715],{"className":39,"code":56714,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56716,56717,56741,56751,56755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56718,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56720,13243],{"class":52},[46,56722,57],{"class":56},[46,56724,61],{"class":60},[46,56726,427],{"class":426},[46,56728,13260],{"class":430},[46,56730,427],{"class":426},[46,56732,68],{"class":60},[46,56734,438],{"class":426},[46,56736,13277],{"class":430},[46,56738,427],{"class":426},[46,56740,84],{"class":60},[46,56742,56743,56745,56747,56749],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56744,17669],{"class":52},[46,56746,507],{"class":60},[46,56748,13078],{"class":102},[46,56750,8814],{"class":60},[46,56752,56753],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56754,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56756,56757,56759,56761,56763],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56758,91],{"class":90},[46,56760,94],{"class":60},[46,56762,17669],{"class":102},[46,56764,215],{"class":60},[20,56766,56767,56768,56770],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56769,12945],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[32,56772,1794,56774],{"id":56773},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56775,55763],{},[20,56777,160,56778,1801],{},[15,56779,55763],{},[172,56781,56782,56785,56788,56791],{},[175,56783,56784],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[175,56786,56787],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[175,56789,56790],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[175,56792,56793,56794],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56795,56796],{},"[:]",[20,56798,2393],{},[37,56800,56802],{"className":39,"code":56801,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56803,56804,56824,56839,56843,56858,56862,56872],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56805,56806,56808,56810,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820,56822],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56807,596],{"class":52},[46,56809,57],{"class":56},[46,56811,61],{"class":60},[46,56813,1494],{"class":64},[46,56815,68],{"class":60},[46,56817,7962],{"class":64},[46,56819,68],{"class":60},[46,56821,7967],{"class":64},[46,56823,84],{"class":60},[46,56825,56826,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56827,56828],{"class":52},"backup_scores ",[46,56830,57],{"class":56},[46,56832,5284],{"class":52},[46,56834,507],{"class":60},[46,56836,13078],{"class":102},[46,56838,8814],{"class":60},[46,56840,56841],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56842,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56844,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56856],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56846,633],{"class":52},[46,56848,507],{"class":60},[46,56850,13720],{"class":102},[46,56852,94],{"class":60},[46,56854,56855],{"class":64},"40",[46,56857,215],{"class":60},[46,56859,56860],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,56861,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,56863,56864,56866,56868,56870],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,56865,91],{"class":90},[46,56867,94],{"class":60},[46,56869,633],{"class":102},[46,56871,215],{"class":60},[46,56873,56874,56876,56878,56881],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,56875,91],{"class":90},[46,56877,94],{"class":60},[46,56879,56880],{"class":102},"backup_scores",[46,56882,215],{"class":60},[20,56884,143],{},[37,56886,56888],{"className":39,"code":56887,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56889,56890,56910],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56891,56892,56894,56896,56898,56900,56902,56904,56906,56908],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56893,1152],{"class":60},[46,56895,1494],{"class":64},[46,56897,68],{"class":60},[46,56899,7962],{"class":64},[46,56901,68],{"class":60},[46,56903,7967],{"class":64},[46,56905,68],{"class":60},[46,56907,51007],{"class":64},[46,56909,84],{"class":60},[46,56911,56912,56914,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56913,1152],{"class":60},[46,56915,1494],{"class":64},[46,56917,68],{"class":60},[46,56919,7962],{"class":64},[46,56921,68],{"class":60},[46,56923,7967],{"class":64},[46,56925,84],{"class":60},[20,56927,56928,56929,507],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[501,56930,55682,56932,10910],{"href":56931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56933,52815],{},[32,56935,4693],{"id":4692},[20,56937,1375,56938,507],{},[15,56939,55763],{},[283,56941,578,56943,56945],{"id":56942},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56944,57],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56947,39364],{},[37,56949,56951],{"className":39,"code":56950,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56952,56953,56973,56981,56995,56999],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,56954,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,56956,2741],{"class":52},[46,56958,57],{"class":56},[46,56960,61],{"class":60},[46,56962,3175],{"class":64},[46,56964,68],{"class":60},[46,56966,71],{"class":64},[46,56968,68],{"class":60},[46,56970,312],{"class":64},[46,56972,84],{"class":60},[46,56974,56975,56977,56979],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,56976,2769],{"class":52},[46,56978,57],{"class":56},[46,56980,36344],{"class":52},[46,56982,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,56984,4935],{"class":52},[46,56986,507],{"class":60},[46,56988,13720],{"class":102},[46,56990,94],{"class":60},[46,56992,2691],{"class":64},[46,56994,215],{"class":60},[46,56996,56997],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,56998,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,57000,57001,57003,57005,57007,57009],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,57002,91],{"class":90},[46,57004,94],{"class":60},[46,57006,501],{"class":102},[46,57008,1592],{"class":60},[46,57010,55863],{"class":3845},[20,57012,57013,57014,6803],{},"Fix: use ",[15,57015,12945],{},[37,57017,57019],{"className":39,"code":57018,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,57020,57021,57041,57056,57070,57074],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57022,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57024,2741],{"class":52},[46,57026,57],{"class":56},[46,57028,61],{"class":60},[46,57030,3175],{"class":64},[46,57032,68],{"class":60},[46,57034,71],{"class":64},[46,57036,68],{"class":60},[46,57038,312],{"class":64},[46,57040,84],{"class":60},[46,57042,57043,57045,57047,57050,57052,57054],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57044,2769],{"class":52},[46,57046,57],{"class":56},[46,57048,57049],{"class":52}," a",[46,57051,507],{"class":60},[46,57053,13078],{"class":102},[46,57055,8814],{"class":60},[46,57057,57058,57060,57062,57064,57066,57068],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,57059,4935],{"class":52},[46,57061,507],{"class":60},[46,57063,13720],{"class":102},[46,57065,94],{"class":60},[46,57067,2691],{"class":64},[46,57069,215],{"class":60},[46,57071,57072],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,57073,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,57075,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,57077,91],{"class":90},[46,57079,94],{"class":60},[46,57081,501],{"class":102},[46,57083,1592],{"class":60},[46,57085,55094],{"class":3845},[283,57087,57089],{"id":57088},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[37,57091,57093],{"className":39,"code":57092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57094,57095,57115],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57096,57097,57099,57101,57103,57105,57107,57109,57111,57113],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57098,53],{"class":52},[46,57100,57],{"class":56},[46,57102,61],{"class":60},[46,57104,3175],{"class":64},[46,57106,68],{"class":60},[46,57108,71],{"class":64},[46,57110,68],{"class":60},[46,57112,312],{"class":64},[46,57114,84],{"class":60},[46,57116,57117,57119,57121,57123],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57118,103],{"class":52},[46,57120,507],{"class":60},[46,57122,13078],{"class":102},[46,57124,8814],{"class":60},[20,57126,57127],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57129,39427],{},[37,57131,57133],{"className":39,"code":57132,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57134,57135,57155],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57136,57137,57139,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57138,53],{"class":52},[46,57140,57],{"class":56},[46,57142,61],{"class":60},[46,57144,3175],{"class":64},[46,57146,68],{"class":60},[46,57148,71],{"class":64},[46,57150,68],{"class":60},[46,57152,312],{"class":64},[46,57154,84],{"class":60},[46,57156,57157,57159,57161,57163,57165,57167],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57158,56318],{"class":52},[46,57160,57],{"class":56},[46,57162,4437],{"class":52},[46,57164,507],{"class":60},[46,57166,13078],{"class":102},[46,57168,8814],{"class":60},[283,57170,57172],{"id":57171},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[37,57174,57176],{"className":39,"code":57175,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57177,57178,57196,57210,57214,57232,57236],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57179,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57181,2741],{"class":52},[46,57183,57],{"class":56},[46,57185,56456],{"class":60},[46,57187,3175],{"class":64},[46,57189,18229],{"class":60},[46,57191,61],{"class":60},[46,57193,2243],{"class":64},[46,57195,53405],{"class":60},[46,57197,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57199,2769],{"class":52},[46,57201,57],{"class":56},[46,57203,57049],{"class":52},[46,57205,507],{"class":60},[46,57207,13078],{"class":102},[46,57209,8814],{"class":60},[46,57211,57212],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,57213,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,57215,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,57217,4935],{"class":52},[46,57219,1152],{"class":60},[46,57221,554],{"class":64},[46,57223,13717],{"class":60},[46,57225,13720],{"class":102},[46,57227,94],{"class":60},[46,57229,56509],{"class":64},[46,57231,215],{"class":60},[46,57233,57234],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,57235,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,57237,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,57239,91],{"class":90},[46,57241,94],{"class":60},[46,57243,501],{"class":102},[46,57245,1592],{"class":60},[46,57247,57248],{"class":3845},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57250,57251,57252,57254],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57253,55763],{}," is shallow.",[283,57256,25784,57258,57260],{"id":57257},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57259,12945],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57262,57263,57265],{},[15,57264,12945],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[37,57267,57269],{"className":39,"code":57268,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57270,57271,57283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57272,57273,57275,57277,57279,57281],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57274,8047],{"class":52},[46,57276,57],{"class":56},[46,57278,438],{"class":426},[46,57280,5178],{"class":430},[46,57282,3544],{"class":426},[46,57284,57285],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57286,57287],{"class":3845},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57289,57290],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[37,57292,57294],{"className":39,"code":57293,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57295,57296],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57297,57298,57300,57302,57304,57306,57308],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57299,91],{"class":90},[46,57301,94],{"class":60},[46,57303,1889],{"class":1270},[46,57305,94],{"class":60},[46,57307,1009],{"class":102},[46,57309,106],{"class":60},[20,57311,57312,57313,57317],{},"You can also review ",[501,57314,57316],{"href":57315},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[32,57319,1991],{"id":1990},[283,57321,12872,57323,57325],{"id":57322},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57324,55763],{}," change the original list?",[20,57327,57328],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[283,57330,2048,57332,2051,57334,2035],{"id":57331},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57333,55763],{},[15,57335,57],{},[20,57337,57338,57340,57341,57343],{},[15,57339,12945],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57342,57],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[283,57345,15069,57347,15072],{"id":57346},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57348,55763],{},[20,57350,57351],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[283,57353,57355],{"id":57354},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57357,42317,57358,57361],{},[15,57359,57360],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[283,57363,15069,57365,57367,57368,2035],{"id":57364},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57366,55763],{}," the same as ",[15,57369,56796],{},[20,57371,57372],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[32,57374,2065],{"id":2064},[172,57376,57377,57382,57386,57391,57397],{},[175,57378,57379],{},[501,57380,15131],{"href":57381},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[175,57383,57384],{},[501,57385,52934],{"href":51143},[175,57387,57388],{},[501,57389,57390],{"href":57315},"Creating a list in Python",[175,57392,57393],{},[501,57394,55682,57395,10910],{"href":56931},[15,57396,52815],{},[175,57398,57399],{},[501,57400,13958],{"href":13957},[2103,57402,57403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":57405},[57406,57407,57409,57410,57412,57413,57414,57416,57424,57435],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":55873,"depth":87,"text":57408},"What list.copy() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":56144,"depth":87,"text":57411},"Why not use =",{"id":56422,"depth":87,"text":56423},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":56773,"depth":87,"text":57415},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":57417},[57418,57420,57421,57422],{"id":56942,"depth":109,"text":57419},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57088,"depth":109,"text":57089},{"id":57171,"depth":109,"text":57172},{"id":57257,"depth":109,"text":57423},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":57425},[57426,57428,57430,57432,57433],{"id":57322,"depth":109,"text":57427},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57331,"depth":109,"text":57429},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57346,"depth":109,"text":57431},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57354,"depth":109,"text":57355},{"id":57364,"depth":109,"text":57434},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55751,"description":57436},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57443,"title":57444,"body":57445,"description":59184,"extension":2150,"meta":59185,"navigation":112,"path":59186,"seo":59187,"stem":59188,"__hash__":59189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57446,"toc":59143},[57447,57453,57459,57462,57473,57476,57478,57541,57547,57552,57556,57570,57573,57578,57583,57585,57587,57606,57618,57620,57687,57689,57697,57702,57704,57712,57715,57732,57734,57858,57869,57873,57878,57881,57883,57901,57905,57990,57999,58007,58076,58078,58081,58093,58098,58102,58173,58176,58180,58184,58249,58251,58259,58263,58346,58348,58356,58360,58421,58423,58431,58435,58522,58524,58532,58537,58542,58545,58556,58558,58643,58648,58657,58659,58663,58667,58672,58734,58738,58746,58752,58761,58766,58815,58818,58839,58843,58905,58912,58917,58920,59007,59010,59021,59024,59044,59046,59052,59055,59059,59063,59069,59072,59078,59085,59093,59104,59106,59140],[10,57448,54504,57450,11490],{"id":57449},"python-list-count-method",[15,57451,57452],{},"count()",[20,57454,57455,57458],{},[15,57456,57457],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57460,57461],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[172,57463,57464,57467,57470],{},[175,57465,57466],{},"count one specific item",[175,57468,57469],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[175,57471,57472],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57474,57475],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[32,57477,3792],{"id":3791},[37,57479,57481],{"className":39,"code":57480,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57482,57483,57511,57529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57484,57485,57487,57489,57491,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57486,53],{"class":52},[46,57488,57],{"class":56},[46,57490,61],{"class":60},[46,57492,3175],{"class":64},[46,57494,68],{"class":60},[46,57496,71],{"class":64},[46,57498,68],{"class":60},[46,57500,71],{"class":64},[46,57502,68],{"class":60},[46,57504,312],{"class":64},[46,57506,68],{"class":60},[46,57508,71],{"class":64},[46,57510,84],{"class":60},[46,57512,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57514,2416],{"class":52},[46,57516,57],{"class":56},[46,57518,4437],{"class":52},[46,57520,507],{"class":60},[46,57522,41424],{"class":102},[46,57524,94],{"class":60},[46,57526,2243],{"class":64},[46,57528,215],{"class":60},[46,57530,57531,57533,57535,57537,57539],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,57532,91],{"class":90},[46,57534,94],{"class":60},[46,57536,2451],{"class":102},[46,57538,1592],{"class":60},[46,57540,50934],{"class":3845},[20,57542,160,57543,57546],{},[15,57544,57545],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[32,57548,167,57550,170],{"id":57549},"what-listcount-does",[15,57551,57457],{},[20,57553,57554,198],{},[15,57555,57457],{},[172,57557,57558,57561,57564,57567],{},[175,57559,57560],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[175,57562,57563],{},"returns an integer",[175,57565,57566],{},"does not change the original list",[175,57568,57569],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57571,57572],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57574,57575,57576,507],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57577,2249],{},[20,57579,57580,57581,507],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57582,554],{},[32,57584,2343],{"id":2342},[20,57586,2346],{},[37,57588,57590],{"className":39,"code":57589,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57591,57592],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57593,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57595,8511],{"class":52},[46,57597,507],{"class":60},[46,57599,41424],{"class":102},[46,57601,94],{"class":60},[46,57603,2659],{"class":102},[46,57605,215],{"class":60},[172,57607,57608,57613],{},[175,57609,57610,57612],{},[15,57611,8511],{}," is the list you want to search",[175,57614,57615,57617],{},[15,57616,2659],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57619,2393],{},[37,57621,57623],{"className":39,"code":57622,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57624,57625,57665],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57626,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57628,36259],{"class":52},[46,57630,57],{"class":56},[46,57632,61],{"class":60},[46,57634,427],{"class":426},[46,57636,501],{"class":430},[46,57638,427],{"class":426},[46,57640,68],{"class":60},[46,57642,438],{"class":426},[46,57644,4935],{"class":430},[46,57646,427],{"class":426},[46,57648,68],{"class":60},[46,57650,438],{"class":426},[46,57652,501],{"class":430},[46,57654,427],{"class":426},[46,57656,68],{"class":60},[46,57658,438],{"class":426},[46,57660,9908],{"class":430},[46,57662,427],{"class":426},[46,57664,84],{"class":60},[46,57666,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57668,91],{"class":90},[46,57670,94],{"class":60},[46,57672,36312],{"class":102},[46,57674,507],{"class":60},[46,57676,41424],{"class":102},[46,57678,94],{"class":60},[46,57680,427],{"class":426},[46,57682,501],{"class":430},[46,57684,427],{"class":426},[46,57686,106],{"class":60},[20,57688,143],{},[37,57690,57691],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,57692,57693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57694,57695],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57696,17222],{"class":64},[20,57698,57699,57700,507],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57701,554],{},[32,57703,38186],{"id":38185},[20,57705,57706,57707,57709,57710,507],{},"The return value from ",[15,57708,57452],{}," is always an ",[15,57711,1584],{},[20,57713,57714],{},"Possible results:",[172,57716,57717,57722,57727],{},[175,57718,57719,57721],{},[15,57720,554],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[175,57723,57724,57726],{},[15,57725,3175],{}," if it appears once",[175,57728,57729,57731],{},[15,57730,2243],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57733,2393],{},[37,57735,57737],{"className":39,"code":57736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57738,57739,57779,57783,57808,57833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57740,57741,57743,57745,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57742,13243],{"class":52},[46,57744,57],{"class":56},[46,57746,61],{"class":60},[46,57748,427],{"class":426},[46,57750,13260],{"class":430},[46,57752,427],{"class":426},[46,57754,68],{"class":60},[46,57756,438],{"class":426},[46,57758,13277],{"class":430},[46,57760,427],{"class":426},[46,57762,68],{"class":60},[46,57764,438],{"class":426},[46,57766,17622],{"class":430},[46,57768,427],{"class":426},[46,57770,68],{"class":60},[46,57772,438],{"class":426},[46,57774,13277],{"class":430},[46,57776,427],{"class":426},[46,57778,84],{"class":60},[46,57780,57781],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57782,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,57784,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,57786,91],{"class":90},[46,57788,94],{"class":60},[46,57790,17669],{"class":102},[46,57792,507],{"class":60},[46,57794,41424],{"class":102},[46,57796,94],{"class":60},[46,57798,427],{"class":426},[46,57800,13277],{"class":430},[46,57802,427],{"class":426},[46,57804,5533],{"class":60},[46,57806,57807],{"class":3845},"   # 2\n",[46,57809,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824,57826,57828,57830],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,57811,91],{"class":90},[46,57813,94],{"class":60},[46,57815,17669],{"class":102},[46,57817,507],{"class":60},[46,57819,41424],{"class":102},[46,57821,94],{"class":60},[46,57823,427],{"class":426},[46,57825,13260],{"class":430},[46,57827,427],{"class":426},[46,57829,5533],{"class":60},[46,57831,57832],{"class":3845},"    # 1\n",[46,57834,57835,57837,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,57836,91],{"class":90},[46,57838,94],{"class":60},[46,57840,17669],{"class":102},[46,57842,507],{"class":60},[46,57844,41424],{"class":102},[46,57846,94],{"class":60},[46,57848,427],{"class":426},[46,57850,22691],{"class":430},[46,57852,427],{"class":426},[46,57854,5533],{"class":60},[46,57856,57857],{"class":3845}," # 0\n",[20,57859,57860,57861,57863,57864,57866,57867,507],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57862,57452],{}," works, but using ",[15,57865,1602],{}," is often simpler. See ",[501,57868,6370],{"href":6369},[32,57870,57872],{"id":57871},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57874,57875,57877],{},[15,57876,57457],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57879,57880],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57882,43814],{},[172,57884,57885,57888,57891,57898],{},[175,57886,57887],{},"matches are based on equality",[175,57889,57890],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[175,57892,57893,2051,57895,57897],{},[15,57894,3175],{},[15,57896,3787],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[175,57899,57900],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[283,57902,57904],{"id":57903},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[37,57906,57908],{"className":39,"code":57907,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57909,57910,57942,57966],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,57911,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,57913,419],{"class":52},[46,57915,57],{"class":56},[46,57917,61],{"class":60},[46,57919,427],{"class":426},[46,57921,756],{"class":430},[46,57923,427],{"class":426},[46,57925,68],{"class":60},[46,57927,438],{"class":426},[46,57929,823],{"class":430},[46,57931,427],{"class":426},[46,57933,68],{"class":60},[46,57935,438],{"class":426},[46,57937,756],{"class":430},[46,57939,427],{"class":426},[46,57941,84],{"class":60},[46,57943,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,57945,91],{"class":90},[46,57947,94],{"class":60},[46,57949,467],{"class":102},[46,57951,507],{"class":60},[46,57953,41424],{"class":102},[46,57955,94],{"class":60},[46,57957,427],{"class":426},[46,57959,756],{"class":430},[46,57961,427],{"class":426},[46,57963,5533],{"class":60},[46,57965,51579],{"class":3845},[46,57967,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,57969,91],{"class":90},[46,57971,94],{"class":60},[46,57973,467],{"class":102},[46,57975,507],{"class":60},[46,57977,41424],{"class":102},[46,57979,94],{"class":60},[46,57981,427],{"class":426},[46,57983,823],{"class":430},[46,57985,427],{"class":426},[46,57987,5533],{"class":60},[46,57989,27947],{"class":3845},[20,57991,57992,2051,57995,57998],{},[15,57993,57994],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57996,57997],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[283,58000,58002,2051,58004,58006],{"id":58001},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,58003,3175],{},[15,58005,3787],{}," can match",[37,58008,58010],{"className":39,"code":58009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,58011,58012,58036,58056],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58013,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58015,4004],{"class":52},[46,58017,57],{"class":56},[46,58019,61],{"class":60},[46,58021,3175],{"class":64},[46,58023,68],{"class":60},[46,58025,4093],{"class":1325},[46,58027,68],{"class":60},[46,58029,71],{"class":64},[46,58031,68],{"class":60},[46,58033,81],{"class":64},[46,58035,84],{"class":60},[46,58037,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58039,91],{"class":90},[46,58041,94],{"class":60},[46,58043,5530],{"class":102},[46,58045,507],{"class":60},[46,58047,41424],{"class":102},[46,58049,94],{"class":60},[46,58051,3175],{"class":64},[46,58053,5533],{"class":60},[46,58055,51082],{"class":3845},[46,58057,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,58059,91],{"class":90},[46,58061,94],{"class":60},[46,58063,5530],{"class":102},[46,58065,507],{"class":60},[46,58067,41424],{"class":102},[46,58069,94],{"class":60},[46,58071,3787],{"class":1325},[46,58073,5533],{"class":60},[46,58075,50934],{"class":3845},[20,58077,4584],{},[20,58079,58080],{},"In Python:",[172,58082,58083,58088],{},[175,58084,58085],{},[15,58086,58087],{},"True == 1",[175,58089,58090],{},[15,58091,58092],{},"False == 0",[20,58094,53816,58095,58097],{},[15,58096,57452],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[283,58099,58101],{"id":58100},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[37,58103,58105],{"className":39,"code":58104,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58106,58107,58149],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58108,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143,58145,58147],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58110,1398],{"class":52},[46,58112,57],{"class":56},[46,58114,56456],{"class":60},[46,58116,3175],{"class":64},[46,58118,68],{"class":60},[46,58120,71],{"class":64},[46,58122,18229],{"class":60},[46,58124,61],{"class":60},[46,58126,2249],{"class":64},[46,58128,68],{"class":60},[46,58130,2643],{"class":64},[46,58132,18229],{"class":60},[46,58134,61],{"class":60},[46,58136,3175],{"class":64},[46,58138,68],{"class":60},[46,58140,71],{"class":64},[46,58142,18229],{"class":60},[46,58144,61],{"class":60},[46,58146,3175],{"class":64},[46,58148,53405],{"class":60},[46,58150,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58152,91],{"class":90},[46,58154,94],{"class":60},[46,58156,1415],{"class":102},[46,58158,507],{"class":60},[46,58160,41424],{"class":102},[46,58162,3172],{"class":60},[46,58164,3175],{"class":64},[46,58166,68],{"class":60},[46,58168,71],{"class":64},[46,58170,4909],{"class":60},[46,58172,51579],{"class":3845},[20,58174,58175],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[32,58177,58179],{"id":58178},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[283,58181,58183],{"id":58182},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[37,58185,58187],{"className":39,"code":58186,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58188,58189,58217,58235,58239],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58190,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58192,53],{"class":52},[46,58194,57],{"class":56},[46,58196,61],{"class":60},[46,58198,1494],{"class":64},[46,58200,68],{"class":60},[46,58202,7962],{"class":64},[46,58204,68],{"class":60},[46,58206,6176],{"class":64},[46,58208,68],{"class":60},[46,58210,7967],{"class":64},[46,58212,68],{"class":60},[46,58214,6176],{"class":64},[46,58216,84],{"class":60},[46,58218,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58220,2416],{"class":52},[46,58222,57],{"class":56},[46,58224,4437],{"class":52},[46,58226,507],{"class":60},[46,58228,41424],{"class":102},[46,58230,94],{"class":60},[46,58232,1494],{"class":64},[46,58234,215],{"class":60},[46,58236,58237],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,58238,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,58240,58241,58243,58245,58247],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,58242,91],{"class":90},[46,58244,94],{"class":60},[46,58246,2451],{"class":102},[46,58248,215],{"class":60},[20,58250,143],{},[37,58252,58253],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,58254,58255],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58256,58257],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58258,46782],{"class":64},[283,58260,58262],{"id":58261},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[37,58264,58266],{"className":39,"code":58265,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58267,58268,58310,58332,58336],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58269,58270,58272,58274,58276,58278,58280,58282,58284,58286,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58306,58308],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58271,419],{"class":52},[46,58273,57],{"class":56},[46,58275,61],{"class":60},[46,58277,427],{"class":426},[46,58279,934],{"class":430},[46,58281,427],{"class":426},[46,58283,68],{"class":60},[46,58285,438],{"class":426},[46,58287,58288],{"class":430},"dog",[46,58290,427],{"class":426},[46,58292,68],{"class":60},[46,58294,438],{"class":426},[46,58296,934],{"class":430},[46,58298,427],{"class":426},[46,58300,68],{"class":60},[46,58302,438],{"class":426},[46,58304,58305],{"class":430},"bird",[46,58307,427],{"class":426},[46,58309,84],{"class":60},[46,58311,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58313,2416],{"class":52},[46,58315,57],{"class":56},[46,58317,6340],{"class":52},[46,58319,507],{"class":60},[46,58321,41424],{"class":102},[46,58323,94],{"class":60},[46,58325,427],{"class":426},[46,58327,934],{"class":430},[46,58329,427],{"class":426},[46,58331,215],{"class":60},[46,58333,58334],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,58335,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,58337,58338,58340,58342,58344],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,58339,91],{"class":90},[46,58341,94],{"class":60},[46,58343,2451],{"class":102},[46,58345,215],{"class":60},[20,58347,143],{},[37,58349,58350],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,58351,58352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58353,58354],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58355,17222],{"class":64},[283,58357,58359],{"id":58358},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[37,58361,58363],{"className":39,"code":58362,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58364,58365,58389,58407,58411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58366,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58368,53],{"class":52},[46,58370,57],{"class":56},[46,58372,61],{"class":60},[46,58374,3175],{"class":64},[46,58376,68],{"class":60},[46,58378,71],{"class":64},[46,58380,68],{"class":60},[46,58382,312],{"class":64},[46,58384,68],{"class":60},[46,58386,2643],{"class":64},[46,58388,84],{"class":60},[46,58390,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403,58405],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58392,2416],{"class":52},[46,58394,57],{"class":56},[46,58396,4437],{"class":52},[46,58398,507],{"class":60},[46,58400,41424],{"class":102},[46,58402,94],{"class":60},[46,58404,65],{"class":64},[46,58406,215],{"class":60},[46,58408,58409],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,58410,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,58412,58413,58415,58417,58419],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,58414,91],{"class":90},[46,58416,94],{"class":60},[46,58418,2451],{"class":102},[46,58420,215],{"class":60},[20,58422,143],{},[37,58424,58425],{"className":39,"code":561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,58426,58427],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58428,58429],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58430,561],{"class":64},[283,58432,58434],{"id":58433},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[37,58436,58438],{"className":39,"code":58437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58439,58440,58486,58508,58512],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58441,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454,58456,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476,58478,58480,58482,58484],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58443,1487],{"class":52},[46,58445,57],{"class":56},[46,58447,56456],{"class":60},[46,58449,3175],{"class":64},[46,58451,68],{"class":60},[46,58453,71],{"class":64},[46,58455,18229],{"class":60},[46,58457,61],{"class":60},[46,58459,3175],{"class":64},[46,58461,68],{"class":60},[46,58463,71],{"class":64},[46,58465,18229],{"class":60},[46,58467,61],{"class":60},[46,58469,2243],{"class":64},[46,58471,68],{"class":60},[46,58473,312],{"class":64},[46,58475,18229],{"class":60},[46,58477,61],{"class":60},[46,58479,3175],{"class":64},[46,58481,68],{"class":60},[46,58483,71],{"class":64},[46,58485,53405],{"class":60},[46,58487,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502,58504,58506],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58489,2416],{"class":52},[46,58491,57],{"class":56},[46,58493,1605],{"class":52},[46,58495,507],{"class":60},[46,58497,41424],{"class":102},[46,58499,3172],{"class":60},[46,58501,3175],{"class":64},[46,58503,68],{"class":60},[46,58505,71],{"class":64},[46,58507,1161],{"class":60},[46,58509,58510],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,58511,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,58513,58514,58516,58518,58520],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,58515,91],{"class":90},[46,58517,94],{"class":60},[46,58519,2451],{"class":102},[46,58521,215],{"class":60},[20,58523,143],{},[37,58525,58526],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,58527,58528],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58529,58530],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58531,46782],{"class":64},[32,58533,1794,58535],{"id":58534},"when-to-use-count",[15,58536,57452],{},[20,58538,160,58539,58541],{},[15,58540,57452],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58543,58544],{},"Good use cases:",[172,58546,58547,58550,58553],{},[175,58548,58549],{},"counting one specific item",[175,58551,58552],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[175,58554,58555],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58557,2393],{},[37,58559,58561],{"className":39,"code":58560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58562,58563,58604,58628,58632],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58564,58565,58568,58570,58572,58574,58576,58578,58580,58582,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596,58598,58600,58602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58566,58567],{"class":52},"votes ",[46,58569,57],{"class":56},[46,58571,61],{"class":60},[46,58573,427],{"class":426},[46,58575,8829],{"class":430},[46,58577,427],{"class":426},[46,58579,68],{"class":60},[46,58581,438],{"class":426},[46,58583,8769],{"class":430},[46,58585,427],{"class":426},[46,58587,68],{"class":60},[46,58589,438],{"class":426},[46,58591,8829],{"class":430},[46,58593,427],{"class":426},[46,58595,68],{"class":60},[46,58597,438],{"class":426},[46,58599,8829],{"class":430},[46,58601,427],{"class":426},[46,58603,84],{"class":60},[46,58605,58606,58609,58611,58614,58616,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58607,58608],{"class":52},"yes_votes ",[46,58610,57],{"class":56},[46,58612,58613],{"class":52}," votes",[46,58615,507],{"class":60},[46,58617,41424],{"class":102},[46,58619,94],{"class":60},[46,58621,427],{"class":426},[46,58623,8829],{"class":430},[46,58625,427],{"class":426},[46,58627,215],{"class":60},[46,58629,58630],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,58631,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,58633,58634,58636,58638,58641],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,58635,91],{"class":90},[46,58637,94],{"class":60},[46,58639,58640],{"class":102},"yes_votes",[46,58642,215],{"class":60},[20,58644,58645,58647],{},[15,58646,57452],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58649,58650,58651,2051,58653,507],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[501,58652,52934],{"href":51143},[501,58654,58656],{"href":58655},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[32,58658,1834],{"id":1833},[20,58660,8619,58661,507],{},[15,58662,57457],{},[283,58664,58666],{"id":58665},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58668,58669,58671],{},[15,58670,57457],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[37,58673,58675],{"className":39,"code":58674,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58676,58677,58710],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58678,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58680,419],{"class":52},[46,58682,57],{"class":56},[46,58684,61],{"class":60},[46,58686,427],{"class":426},[46,58688,58689],{"class":430},"apple pie",[46,58691,427],{"class":426},[46,58693,68],{"class":60},[46,58695,438],{"class":426},[46,58697,450],{"class":430},[46,58699,427],{"class":426},[46,58701,68],{"class":60},[46,58703,438],{"class":426},[46,58705,58689],{"class":430},[46,58707,427],{"class":426},[46,58709,84],{"class":60},[46,58711,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58713,91],{"class":90},[46,58715,94],{"class":60},[46,58717,467],{"class":102},[46,58719,507],{"class":60},[46,58721,41424],{"class":102},[46,58723,94],{"class":60},[46,58725,427],{"class":426},[46,58727,756],{"class":430},[46,58729,427],{"class":426},[46,58731,5533],{"class":60},[46,58733,51411],{"class":3845},[20,58735,2675,58736,2035],{},[15,58737,554],{},[20,58739,29228,58740,58742,58743,507],{},[15,58741,57994],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58744,58745],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58747,58748,58749,507],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58750,58751],{},"str.count()",[283,58753,1853,58755,8627,58757,3065,58759],{"id":58754},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58756,57452],{},[15,58758,3787],{},[15,58760,3856],{},[20,58762,58763,58765],{},[15,58764,57452],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[37,58767,58769],{"className":39,"code":58768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58770,58771,58795],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58772,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58774,53],{"class":52},[46,58776,57],{"class":56},[46,58778,61],{"class":60},[46,58780,3175],{"class":64},[46,58782,68],{"class":60},[46,58784,71],{"class":64},[46,58786,68],{"class":60},[46,58788,71],{"class":64},[46,58790,68],{"class":60},[46,58792,312],{"class":64},[46,58794,84],{"class":60},[46,58796,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58798,91],{"class":90},[46,58800,94],{"class":60},[46,58802,103],{"class":102},[46,58804,507],{"class":60},[46,58806,41424],{"class":102},[46,58808,94],{"class":60},[46,58810,2243],{"class":64},[46,58812,5533],{"class":60},[46,58814,51579],{"class":3845},[20,58816,58817],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[37,58819,58821],{"className":39,"code":58820,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58822,58823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58824,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58826,91],{"class":90},[46,58828,94],{"class":60},[46,58830,2243],{"class":64},[46,58832,21341],{"class":1595},[46,58834,4437],{"class":102},[46,58836,1592],{"class":60},[46,58838,3846],{"class":3845},[283,58840,58842],{"id":58841},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[37,58844,58846],{"className":39,"code":58845,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58847,58848,58881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58849,58850,58852,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870,58872,58874,58877,58879],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58851,5169],{"class":52},[46,58853,57],{"class":56},[46,58855,61],{"class":60},[46,58857,427],{"class":426},[46,58859,7849],{"class":430},[46,58861,427],{"class":426},[46,58863,68],{"class":60},[46,58865,438],{"class":426},[46,58867,20385],{"class":430},[46,58869,427],{"class":426},[46,58871,68],{"class":60},[46,58873,438],{"class":426},[46,58875,58876],{"class":430},"SAM",[46,58878,427],{"class":426},[46,58880,84],{"class":60},[46,58882,58883,58885,58887,58889,58891,58893,58895,58897,58899,58901,58903],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58884,91],{"class":90},[46,58886,94],{"class":60},[46,58888,5213],{"class":102},[46,58890,507],{"class":60},[46,58892,41424],{"class":102},[46,58894,94],{"class":60},[46,58896,427],{"class":426},[46,58898,20385],{"class":430},[46,58900,427],{"class":426},[46,58902,5533],{"class":60},[46,58904,27947],{"class":3845},[20,58906,58907,58908,58911],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58909,58910],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[283,58913,29817,58915,33717],{"id":58914},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58916,57452],{},[20,58918,58919],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[37,58921,58923],{"className":39,"code":58922,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58924,58925,58935,58949,58967,58981,58993],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,58926,58927,58929,58931,58933],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,58928,91],{"class":90},[46,58930,94],{"class":60},[46,58932,8511],{"class":102},[46,58934,215],{"class":60},[46,58936,58937,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,58938,91],{"class":90},[46,58940,94],{"class":60},[46,58942,1889],{"class":1270},[46,58944,94],{"class":60},[46,58946,8511],{"class":102},[46,58948,106],{"class":60},[46,58950,58951,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961,58963,58965],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,58952,91],{"class":90},[46,58954,94],{"class":60},[46,58956,8511],{"class":102},[46,58958,507],{"class":60},[46,58960,41424],{"class":102},[46,58962,94],{"class":60},[46,58964,2659],{"class":102},[46,58966,106],{"class":60},[46,58968,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,58970,91],{"class":90},[46,58972,94],{"class":60},[46,58974,2633],{"class":102},[46,58976,1602],{"class":1595},[46,58978,8568],{"class":102},[46,58980,215],{"class":60},[46,58982,58983,58985,58987,58989,58991],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,58984,6129],{"class":1595},[46,58986,6132],{"class":52},[46,58988,1602],{"class":1595},[46,58990,8568],{"class":52},[46,58992,6566],{"class":60},[46,58994,58995,58997,58999,59001,59003,59005],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,58996,8240],{"class":90},[46,58998,94],{"class":60},[46,59000,41944],{"class":90},[46,59002,94],{"class":60},[46,59004,23478],{"class":102},[46,59006,106],{"class":60},[20,59008,59009],{},"These checks can help you see:",[172,59011,59012,59015,59018],{},[175,59013,59014],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[175,59016,59017],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[175,59019,59020],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,59022,59023],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[172,59025,59026,59031,59034,59041],{},[175,59027,50655,59028,59030],{},[15,59029,57452],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[175,59032,59033],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[175,59035,11275,59036,59038,59039],{},[15,59037,57457],{}," with string ",[15,59040,57452],{},[175,59042,59043],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[32,59045,1991],{"id":1990},[283,59047,12872,59049,59051],{"id":59048},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59050,57457],{}," change the list?",[20,59053,59054],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[283,59056,59058],{"id":59057},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59060,12079,59061,507],{},[15,59062,554],{},[283,59064,2005,59066,59068],{"id":59065},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59067,57457],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59070,59071],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[283,59073,15069,59075,59077],{"id":59074},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59076,57457],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59079,42317,59080,2051,59082,59084],{},[15,59081,57997],{},[15,59083,57994],{}," are different values.",[283,59086,5330,59088,59090,59091,2035],{"id":59087},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59089,3787],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59092,3175],{},[20,59094,8957,59095,59097,59098,2051,59100,59097,59102,507],{},[15,59096,3787],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59099,3175],{},[15,59101,3856],{},[15,59103,554],{},[32,59105,2065],{"id":2064},[172,59107,59108,59112,59116,59120,59128,59135],{},[175,59109,59110],{},[501,59111,52934],{"href":51143},[175,59113,59114],{},[501,59115,2097],{"href":2096},[175,59117,59118],{},[501,59119,7108],{"href":6369},[175,59121,59122],{},[501,59123,55682,59125,10910],{"href":59124},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59126,59127],{},"index()",[175,59129,59130],{},[501,59131,13,59133],{"href":59132},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59134,498],{},[175,59136,59137],{},[501,59138,59139],{"href":58655},"What is a list in Python",[2103,59141,59142],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":59144},[59145,59146,59148,59149,59150,59156,59162,59164,59172,59183],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":57549,"depth":87,"text":59147},"What list.count() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":38185,"depth":87,"text":38186},{"id":57871,"depth":87,"text":57872,"children":59151},[59152,59153,59155],{"id":57903,"depth":109,"text":57904},{"id":58001,"depth":109,"text":59154},"1 and True can match",{"id":58100,"depth":109,"text":58101},{"id":58178,"depth":87,"text":58179,"children":59157},[59158,59159,59160,59161],{"id":58182,"depth":109,"text":58183},{"id":58261,"depth":109,"text":58262},{"id":58358,"depth":109,"text":58359},{"id":58433,"depth":109,"text":58434},{"id":58534,"depth":87,"text":59163},"When to use count()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":59165},[59166,59167,59169,59170],{"id":58665,"depth":109,"text":58666},{"id":58754,"depth":109,"text":59168},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58841,"depth":109,"text":58842},{"id":58914,"depth":109,"text":59171},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":59173},[59174,59176,59177,59179,59181],{"id":59048,"depth":109,"text":59175},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59057,"depth":109,"text":59058},{"id":59065,"depth":109,"text":59178},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59074,"depth":109,"text":59180},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59087,"depth":109,"text":59182},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57444,"description":59184},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59191,"title":59192,"body":59193,"description":61156,"extension":2150,"meta":61157,"navigation":112,"path":61158,"seo":61159,"stem":61160,"__hash__":61161},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59194,"toc":61119},[59195,59198,59201,59203,59331,59335,59416,59427,59429,59448,59452,59455,59458,59476,59478,59521,59525,59550,59559,59563,59568,59571,59688,59692,59761,59765,59777,59781,59784,59825,59829,59842,59845,59930,59934,59967,59974,59980,59985,59987,59999,60003,60036,60040,60072,60076,60113,60117,60137,60141,60175,60179,60208,60219,60223,60226,60229,60242,60299,60303,60342,60348,60351,60353,60356,60360,60363,60388,60390,60415,60422,60425,60470,60474,60493,60496,60535,60542,60547,60581,60585,60686,60693,60726,60730,60756,60760,60763,60801,60804,60841,60845,60848,60867,60871,60932,60934,60952,60956,60959,60962,60991,60993,60997,61000,61008,61012,61015,61035,61041,61047,61051,61054,61061,61069,61071,61110,61116],[10,59196,59192],{"id":59197},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59199,59200],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[32,59202,3792],{"id":3791},[37,59204,59206],{"className":39,"code":59205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59207,59208,59228,59260,59268,59286,59290,59300,59310,59321],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59209,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59211,53],{"class":52},[46,59213,57],{"class":56},[46,59215,61],{"class":60},[46,59217,3175],{"class":64},[46,59219,68],{"class":60},[46,59221,71],{"class":64},[46,59223,68],{"class":60},[46,59225,312],{"class":64},[46,59227,84],{"class":60},[46,59229,59230,59232,59234,59236,59238,59240,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59231,5169],{"class":52},[46,59233,57],{"class":56},[46,59235,61],{"class":60},[46,59237,427],{"class":426},[46,59239,1018],{"class":430},[46,59241,427],{"class":426},[46,59243,68],{"class":60},[46,59245,438],{"class":426},[46,59247,1054],{"class":430},[46,59249,427],{"class":426},[46,59251,68],{"class":60},[46,59253,438],{"class":426},[46,59255,1087],{"class":430},[46,59257,427],{"class":426},[46,59259,84],{"class":60},[46,59261,59262,59264,59266],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,59263,56093],{"class":52},[46,59265,57],{"class":56},[46,59267,533],{"class":60},[46,59269,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,59271,36259],{"class":52},[46,59273,57],{"class":56},[46,59275,22727],{"class":1270},[46,59277,94],{"class":60},[46,59279,427],{"class":426},[46,59281,41725],{"class":430},[46,59283,427],{"class":426},[46,59285,215],{"class":60},[46,59287,59288],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,59289,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,59291,59292,59294,59296,59298],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,59293,91],{"class":90},[46,59295,94],{"class":60},[46,59297,103],{"class":102},[46,59299,215],{"class":60},[46,59301,59302,59304,59306,59308],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,59303,91],{"class":90},[46,59305,94],{"class":60},[46,59307,5213],{"class":102},[46,59309,215],{"class":60},[46,59311,59312,59314,59316,59319],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,59313,91],{"class":90},[46,59315,94],{"class":60},[46,59317,59318],{"class":102},"empty_list",[46,59320,215],{"class":60},[46,59322,59323,59325,59327,59329],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,59324,91],{"class":90},[46,59326,94],{"class":60},[46,59328,36312],{"class":102},[46,59330,215],{"class":60},[20,59332,59333],{},[3924,59334,143],{},[37,59336,59338],{"className":39,"code":59337,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59339,59340,59356,59384,59388],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59341,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59343,1152],{"class":60},[46,59345,3175],{"class":64},[46,59347,68],{"class":60},[46,59349,71],{"class":64},[46,59351,68],{"class":60},[46,59353,312],{"class":64},[46,59355,84],{"class":60},[46,59357,59358,59360,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59359,1152],{"class":60},[46,59361,1188],{"class":426},[46,59363,1018],{"class":430},[46,59365,1188],{"class":426},[46,59367,68],{"class":60},[46,59369,1197],{"class":426},[46,59371,1054],{"class":430},[46,59373,1188],{"class":426},[46,59375,68],{"class":60},[46,59377,1197],{"class":426},[46,59379,1087],{"class":430},[46,59381,1188],{"class":426},[46,59383,84],{"class":60},[46,59385,59386],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,59387,38463],{"class":60},[46,59389,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402,59404,59406,59408,59410,59412,59414],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,59391,1152],{"class":60},[46,59393,1188],{"class":426},[46,59395,501],{"class":430},[46,59397,1188],{"class":426},[46,59399,68],{"class":60},[46,59401,1197],{"class":426},[46,59403,4935],{"class":430},[46,59405,1188],{"class":426},[46,59407,68],{"class":60},[46,59409,1197],{"class":426},[46,59411,9908],{"class":430},[46,59413,1188],{"class":426},[46,59415,84],{"class":60},[20,59417,59418,59419,59421,59422,59424,59425,507],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59420,3968],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59423,24948],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59426,36367],{},[32,59428,15329],{"id":15328},[172,59430,59431,59434,59437,59440,59445],{},[175,59432,59433],{},"What a list is in Python",[175,59435,59436],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[175,59438,59439],{},"How to create an empty list",[175,59441,59442,59443,2490],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59444,24948],{},[175,59446,59447],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[32,59449,59451],{"id":59450},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59453,59454],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59456,59457],{},"This means:",[172,59459,59460,59463,59466,59469],{},[175,59461,59462],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[175,59464,59465],{},"The order of items is kept",[175,59467,59468],{},"A list can hold different data types",[175,59470,59471,59472,59475],{},"A list is ",[3924,59473,59474],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59477,2393],{},[37,59479,59481],{"className":39,"code":59480,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59482,59483,59507,59511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59484,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59486,1398],{"class":52},[46,59488,57],{"class":56},[46,59490,61],{"class":60},[46,59492,427],{"class":426},[46,59494,756],{"class":430},[46,59496,427],{"class":426},[46,59498,68],{"class":60},[46,59500,6176],{"class":64},[46,59502,68],{"class":60},[46,59504,4093],{"class":1325},[46,59506,84],{"class":60},[46,59508,59509],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59510,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,59512,59513,59515,59517,59519],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,59514,91],{"class":90},[46,59516,94],{"class":60},[46,59518,1415],{"class":102},[46,59520,215],{"class":60},[20,59522,59523],{},[3924,59524,143],{},[37,59526,59528],{"className":39,"code":59527,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59529,59530],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59531,59532,59534,59536,59538,59540,59542,59544,59546,59548],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59533,1152],{"class":60},[46,59535,1188],{"class":426},[46,59537,756],{"class":430},[46,59539,1188],{"class":426},[46,59541,68],{"class":60},[46,59543,6176],{"class":64},[46,59545,68],{"class":60},[46,59547,4093],{"class":1325},[46,59549,84],{"class":60},[20,59551,59552,59553,3065,59556,507],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[501,59554,59555],{"href":51143},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[501,59557,59558],{"href":58655},"What is a List in Python?",[32,59560,59562],{"id":59561},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59564,59418,59565,59567],{},[15,59566,3968],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59569,59570],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[37,59572,59574],{"className":39,"code":59573,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59575,59576,59596,59628,59653,59657,59667,59677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59577,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59579,53],{"class":52},[46,59581,57],{"class":56},[46,59583,61],{"class":60},[46,59585,3175],{"class":64},[46,59587,68],{"class":60},[46,59589,71],{"class":64},[46,59591,68],{"class":60},[46,59593,312],{"class":64},[46,59595,84],{"class":60},[46,59597,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59599,5169],{"class":52},[46,59601,57],{"class":56},[46,59603,61],{"class":60},[46,59605,427],{"class":426},[46,59607,1018],{"class":430},[46,59609,427],{"class":426},[46,59611,68],{"class":60},[46,59613,438],{"class":426},[46,59615,1054],{"class":430},[46,59617,427],{"class":426},[46,59619,68],{"class":60},[46,59621,438],{"class":426},[46,59623,1087],{"class":430},[46,59625,427],{"class":426},[46,59627,84],{"class":60},[46,59629,59630,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643,59645,59647,59649,59651],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,59631,59632],{"class":52},"mixed ",[46,59634,57],{"class":56},[46,59636,61],{"class":60},[46,59638,1494],{"class":64},[46,59640,68],{"class":60},[46,59642,438],{"class":426},[46,59644,4027],{"class":430},[46,59646,427],{"class":426},[46,59648,68],{"class":60},[46,59650,4084],{"class":1325},[46,59652,84],{"class":60},[46,59654,59655],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,59656,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,59660,91],{"class":90},[46,59662,94],{"class":60},[46,59664,103],{"class":102},[46,59666,215],{"class":60},[46,59668,59669,59671,59673,59675],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,59670,91],{"class":90},[46,59672,94],{"class":60},[46,59674,5213],{"class":102},[46,59676,215],{"class":60},[46,59678,59679,59681,59683,59686],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,59680,91],{"class":90},[46,59682,94],{"class":60},[46,59684,59685],{"class":102},"mixed",[46,59687,215],{"class":60},[20,59689,59690],{},[3924,59691,143],{},[37,59693,59695],{"className":39,"code":59694,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59696,59697,59713,59741],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59698,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59700,1152],{"class":60},[46,59702,3175],{"class":64},[46,59704,68],{"class":60},[46,59706,71],{"class":64},[46,59708,68],{"class":60},[46,59710,312],{"class":64},[46,59712,84],{"class":60},[46,59714,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731,59733,59735,59737,59739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59716,1152],{"class":60},[46,59718,1188],{"class":426},[46,59720,1018],{"class":430},[46,59722,1188],{"class":426},[46,59724,68],{"class":60},[46,59726,1197],{"class":426},[46,59728,1054],{"class":430},[46,59730,1188],{"class":426},[46,59732,68],{"class":60},[46,59734,1197],{"class":426},[46,59736,1087],{"class":430},[46,59738,1188],{"class":426},[46,59740,84],{"class":60},[46,59742,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,59744,1152],{"class":60},[46,59746,1494],{"class":64},[46,59748,68],{"class":60},[46,59750,1197],{"class":426},[46,59752,4027],{"class":430},[46,59754,1188],{"class":426},[46,59756,68],{"class":60},[46,59758,4084],{"class":1325},[46,59760,84],{"class":60},[283,59762,59764],{"id":59763},"key-points","Key points",[172,59766,59767,59772,59774],{},[175,59768,160,59769,59771],{},[15,59770,3968],{}," to make a new list",[175,59773,15599],{},[175,59775,59776],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[32,59778,59780],{"id":59779},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59782,59783],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[37,59785,59787],{"className":39,"code":59786,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59788,59789,59797,59801,59811],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59790,59791,59793,59795],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59792,8480],{"class":52},[46,59794,57],{"class":56},[46,59796,533],{"class":60},[46,59798,59799],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59800,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,59802,59803,59805,59807,59809],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,59804,91],{"class":90},[46,59806,94],{"class":60},[46,59808,8511],{"class":102},[46,59810,215],{"class":60},[46,59812,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,59814,91],{"class":90},[46,59816,94],{"class":60},[46,59818,476],{"class":90},[46,59820,94],{"class":60},[46,59822,8511],{"class":102},[46,59824,106],{"class":60},[20,59826,59827],{},[3924,59828,143],{},[37,59830,59832],{"className":39,"code":59831,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[]\n0\n",[15,59833,59834,59838],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59835,59836],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59837,38463],{"class":60},[46,59839,59840],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59841,561],{"class":64},[20,59843,59844],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[37,59846,59848],{"className":39,"code":59847,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59849,59850,59858,59862,59880,59898,59916,59920],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59851,59852,59854,59856],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59853,5169],{"class":52},[46,59855,57],{"class":56},[46,59857,533],{"class":60},[46,59859,59860],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,59861,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,59863,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,59865,5213],{"class":52},[46,59867,507],{"class":60},[46,59869,13720],{"class":102},[46,59871,94],{"class":60},[46,59873,427],{"class":426},[46,59875,1018],{"class":430},[46,59877,427],{"class":426},[46,59879,215],{"class":60},[46,59881,59882,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,59883,5213],{"class":52},[46,59885,507],{"class":60},[46,59887,13720],{"class":102},[46,59889,94],{"class":60},[46,59891,427],{"class":426},[46,59893,1054],{"class":430},[46,59895,427],{"class":426},[46,59897,215],{"class":60},[46,59899,59900,59902,59904,59906,59908,59910,59912,59914],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,59901,5213],{"class":52},[46,59903,507],{"class":60},[46,59905,13720],{"class":102},[46,59907,94],{"class":60},[46,59909,427],{"class":426},[46,59911,1087],{"class":430},[46,59913,427],{"class":426},[46,59915,215],{"class":60},[46,59917,59918],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,59919,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,59923,91],{"class":90},[46,59925,94],{"class":60},[46,59927,5213],{"class":102},[46,59929,215],{"class":60},[20,59931,59932],{},[3924,59933,143],{},[37,59935,59937],{"className":39,"code":59936,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59938,59939],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,59940,59941,59943,59945,59947,59949,59951,59953,59955,59957,59959,59961,59963,59965],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,59942,1152],{"class":60},[46,59944,1188],{"class":426},[46,59946,1018],{"class":430},[46,59948,1188],{"class":426},[46,59950,68],{"class":60},[46,59952,1197],{"class":426},[46,59954,1054],{"class":430},[46,59956,1188],{"class":426},[46,59958,68],{"class":60},[46,59960,1197],{"class":426},[46,59962,1087],{"class":430},[46,59964,1188],{"class":426},[46,59966,84],{"class":60},[20,59968,59969,59970,507],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[501,59971,59972,10910],{"href":56931},[15,59973,52815],{},[32,59975,59977,59978],{"id":59976},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59979,24948],{},[20,59981,160,59982,59984],{},[15,59983,24948],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59986,5629],{},[172,59988,59989,59991,59993,59995],{},[175,59990,5480],{},[175,59992,5474],{},[175,59994,5477],{},[175,59996,59997],{},[15,59998,36367],{},[283,60000,60002],{"id":60001},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[37,60004,60006],{"className":39,"code":60005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,60007,60008,60026],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60009,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60011,36259],{"class":52},[46,60013,57],{"class":56},[46,60015,22727],{"class":1270},[46,60017,94],{"class":60},[46,60019,427],{"class":426},[46,60021,41725],{"class":430},[46,60023,427],{"class":426},[46,60025,215],{"class":60},[46,60027,60028,60030,60032,60034],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60029,91],{"class":90},[46,60031,94],{"class":60},[46,60033,36312],{"class":102},[46,60035,215],{"class":60},[20,60037,60038],{},[3924,60039,143],{},[37,60041,60042],{"className":39,"code":43039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,60043,60044],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60045,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60047,1152],{"class":60},[46,60049,1188],{"class":426},[46,60051,501],{"class":430},[46,60053,1188],{"class":426},[46,60055,68],{"class":60},[46,60057,1197],{"class":426},[46,60059,4935],{"class":430},[46,60061,1188],{"class":426},[46,60063,68],{"class":60},[46,60065,1197],{"class":426},[46,60067,9908],{"class":430},[46,60069,1188],{"class":426},[46,60071,84],{"class":60},[283,60073,60075],{"id":60074},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[37,60077,60079],{"className":39,"code":60078,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60080,60081,60103],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60082,60083,60085,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60084,53],{"class":52},[46,60086,57],{"class":56},[46,60088,22727],{"class":1270},[46,60090,5682],{"class":60},[46,60092,3175],{"class":64},[46,60094,68],{"class":60},[46,60096,71],{"class":64},[46,60098,68],{"class":60},[46,60100,312],{"class":64},[46,60102,106],{"class":60},[46,60104,60105,60107,60109,60111],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60106,91],{"class":90},[46,60108,94],{"class":60},[46,60110,103],{"class":102},[46,60112,215],{"class":60},[20,60114,60115],{},[3924,60116,143],{},[37,60118,60119],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,60120,60121],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60122,60123,60125,60127,60129,60131,60133,60135],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60124,1152],{"class":60},[46,60126,3175],{"class":64},[46,60128,68],{"class":60},[46,60130,71],{"class":64},[46,60132,68],{"class":60},[46,60134,312],{"class":64},[46,60136,84],{"class":60},[283,60138,60140],{"id":60139},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[37,60142,60144],{"className":39,"code":60143,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60145,60146,60165],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60147,60148,60150,60152,60154,60156,60159,60161,60163],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60149,4004],{"class":52},[46,60151,57],{"class":56},[46,60153,22727],{"class":1270},[46,60155,94],{"class":60},[46,60157,60158],{"class":90},"range",[46,60160,94],{"class":60},[46,60162,65],{"class":64},[46,60164,106],{"class":60},[46,60166,60167,60169,60171,60173],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60168,91],{"class":90},[46,60170,94],{"class":60},[46,60172,5530],{"class":102},[46,60174,215],{"class":60},[20,60176,60177],{},[3924,60178,143],{},[37,60180,60182],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60183,60184],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60185,60186,60188,60190,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60187,1152],{"class":60},[46,60189,554],{"class":64},[46,60191,68],{"class":60},[46,60193,81],{"class":64},[46,60195,68],{"class":60},[46,60197,71],{"class":64},[46,60199,68],{"class":60},[46,60201,312],{"class":64},[46,60203,68],{"class":60},[46,60205,2643],{"class":64},[46,60207,84],{"class":60},[20,60209,60210,60212,60213,507],{},[15,60211,24948],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[501,60214,60216,60218],{"href":60215},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60217,24948],{},": Function Explained",[32,60220,60222],{"id":60221},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60224,60225],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60227,60228],{},"Examples include:",[172,60230,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239],{},[175,60232,5480],{},[175,60234,40589],{},[175,60236,52209],{},[175,60238,40759],{},[175,60240,60241],{},"other lists",[37,60243,60245],{"className":39,"code":60244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60246,60247,60285,60289],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60248,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269,60271,60273,60275,60277,60279,60281,60283],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60250,1487],{"class":52},[46,60252,57],{"class":56},[46,60254,61],{"class":60},[46,60256,427],{"class":426},[46,60258,1018],{"class":430},[46,60260,427],{"class":426},[46,60262,68],{"class":60},[46,60264,9475],{"class":64},[46,60266,68],{"class":60},[46,60268,4093],{"class":1325},[46,60270,68],{"class":60},[46,60272,61],{"class":60},[46,60274,3175],{"class":64},[46,60276,68],{"class":60},[46,60278,71],{"class":64},[46,60280,68],{"class":60},[46,60282,312],{"class":64},[46,60284,53405],{"class":60},[46,60286,60287],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60288,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,60290,60291,60293,60295,60297],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,60292,91],{"class":90},[46,60294,94],{"class":60},[46,60296,1523],{"class":102},[46,60298,215],{"class":60},[20,60300,60301],{},[3924,60302,143],{},[37,60304,60306],{"className":39,"code":60305,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60307,60308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60309,60310,60312,60314,60316,60318,60320,60322,60324,60326,60328,60330,60332,60334,60336,60338,60340],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60311,1152],{"class":60},[46,60313,1188],{"class":426},[46,60315,1018],{"class":430},[46,60317,1188],{"class":426},[46,60319,68],{"class":60},[46,60321,9475],{"class":64},[46,60323,68],{"class":60},[46,60325,4093],{"class":1325},[46,60327,68],{"class":60},[46,60329,61],{"class":60},[46,60331,3175],{"class":64},[46,60333,68],{"class":60},[46,60335,71],{"class":64},[46,60337,68],{"class":60},[46,60339,312],{"class":64},[46,60341,53405],{"class":60},[20,60343,60344,60345,507],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3924,60346,60347],{},"nested list",[20,60349,60350],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[32,60352,4693],{"id":4692},[20,60354,60355],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[283,60357,60359],{"id":60358},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60361,60362],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[37,60364,60366],{"className":39,"code":60365,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60367,60368,60372],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60369,60370],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60371,4710],{"class":3845},[46,60373,60374,60376,60378,60380,60382,60384,60386],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60375,53],{"class":52},[46,60377,57],{"class":56},[46,60379,61],{"class":60},[46,60381,3175],{"class":64},[46,60383,71],{"class":64},[46,60385,312],{"class":64},[46,60387,84],{"class":60},[20,60389,10975],{},[37,60391,60393],{"className":39,"code":60392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60394,60395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60396,60397,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60398,53],{"class":52},[46,60400,57],{"class":56},[46,60402,61],{"class":60},[46,60404,3175],{"class":64},[46,60406,68],{"class":60},[46,60408,71],{"class":64},[46,60410,68],{"class":60},[46,60412,312],{"class":64},[46,60414,84],{"class":60},[283,60416,578,60418,11260,60420],{"id":60417},"using-instead-of",[15,60419,1277],{},[15,60421,3968],{},[20,60423,60424],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[37,60426,60428],{"className":39,"code":60427,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60429,60430,60451,60455],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60431,60432,60435,60437,60439,60441,60443,60445,60447,60449],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60433,60434],{"class":52},"my_values ",[46,60436,57],{"class":56},[46,60438,9406],{"class":60},[46,60440,3175],{"class":64},[46,60442,68],{"class":60},[46,60444,71],{"class":64},[46,60446,68],{"class":60},[46,60448,312],{"class":64},[46,60450,215],{"class":60},[46,60452,60453],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60454,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,60456,60457,60459,60461,60463,60465,60468],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,60458,91],{"class":90},[46,60460,94],{"class":60},[46,60462,1889],{"class":1270},[46,60464,94],{"class":60},[46,60466,60467],{"class":102},"my_values",[46,60469,106],{"class":60},[20,60471,60472],{},[3924,60473,143],{},[37,60475,60477],{"className":39,"code":60476,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60478,60479],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60480,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60482,3476],{"class":56},[46,60484,3479],{"class":1140},[46,60486,1197],{"class":426},[46,60488,49116],{"class":430},[46,60490,1188],{"class":426},[46,60492,3488],{"class":56},[20,60494,60495],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[37,60497,60499],{"className":39,"code":60498,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60500,60501,60521],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60502,60503,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60504,60434],{"class":52},[46,60506,57],{"class":56},[46,60508,61],{"class":60},[46,60510,3175],{"class":64},[46,60512,68],{"class":60},[46,60514,71],{"class":64},[46,60516,68],{"class":60},[46,60518,312],{"class":64},[46,60520,84],{"class":60},[46,60522,60523,60525,60527,60529,60531,60533],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60524,91],{"class":90},[46,60526,94],{"class":60},[46,60528,1889],{"class":1270},[46,60530,94],{"class":60},[46,60532,60467],{"class":102},[46,60534,106],{"class":60},[283,60536,1853,60538,60541],{"id":60537},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60539,60540],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60543,60544,60546],{},[15,60545,24948],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[37,60548,60550],{"className":39,"code":60549,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60551,60552,60571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60553,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60567,60569],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60555,2416],{"class":52},[46,60557,57],{"class":56},[46,60559,22727],{"class":1270},[46,60561,94],{"class":60},[46,60563,427],{"class":426},[46,60565,60566],{"class":430},"hello world",[46,60568,427],{"class":426},[46,60570,215],{"class":60},[46,60572,60573,60575,60577,60579],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60574,91],{"class":90},[46,60576,94],{"class":60},[46,60578,2451],{"class":102},[46,60580,215],{"class":60},[20,60582,60583],{},[3924,60584,143],{},[37,60586,60588],{"className":39,"code":60587,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60589,60590],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60591,60592,60594,60596,60599,60601,60603,60605,60608,60610,60612,60614,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629,60631,60634,60636,60638,60640,60642,60644,60646,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661,60663,60666,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60593,1152],{"class":60},[46,60595,1188],{"class":426},[46,60597,60598],{"class":430},"h",[46,60600,1188],{"class":426},[46,60602,68],{"class":60},[46,60604,1197],{"class":426},[46,60606,60607],{"class":430},"e",[46,60609,1188],{"class":426},[46,60611,68],{"class":60},[46,60613,1197],{"class":426},[46,60615,60616],{"class":430},"l",[46,60618,1188],{"class":426},[46,60620,68],{"class":60},[46,60622,1197],{"class":426},[46,60624,60616],{"class":430},[46,60626,1188],{"class":426},[46,60628,68],{"class":60},[46,60630,1197],{"class":426},[46,60632,60633],{"class":430},"o",[46,60635,1188],{"class":426},[46,60637,68],{"class":60},[46,60639,1197],{"class":426},[46,60641,1197],{"class":426},[46,60643,68],{"class":60},[46,60645,1197],{"class":426},[46,60647,60648],{"class":430},"w",[46,60650,1188],{"class":426},[46,60652,68],{"class":60},[46,60654,1197],{"class":426},[46,60656,60633],{"class":430},[46,60658,1188],{"class":426},[46,60660,68],{"class":60},[46,60662,1197],{"class":426},[46,60664,60665],{"class":430},"r",[46,60667,1188],{"class":426},[46,60669,68],{"class":60},[46,60671,1197],{"class":426},[46,60673,60616],{"class":430},[46,60675,1188],{"class":426},[46,60677,68],{"class":60},[46,60679,1197],{"class":426},[46,60681,18935],{"class":430},[46,60683,1188],{"class":426},[46,60685,84],{"class":60},[20,60687,60688,60689,60692],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60690,60691],{},"split()"," instead:",[37,60694,60696],{"className":39,"code":60695,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60697,60698,60716],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60699,60700,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60714],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60701,419],{"class":52},[46,60703,57],{"class":56},[46,60705,438],{"class":426},[46,60707,60566],{"class":430},[46,60709,427],{"class":426},[46,60711,507],{"class":60},[46,60713,34637],{"class":102},[46,60715,8814],{"class":60},[46,60717,60718,60720,60722,60724],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60719,91],{"class":90},[46,60721,94],{"class":60},[46,60723,467],{"class":102},[46,60725,215],{"class":60},[20,60727,60728],{},[3924,60729,143],{},[37,60731,60733],{"className":39,"code":60732,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60734,60735],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60736,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747,60749,60752,60754],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60738,1152],{"class":60},[46,60740,1188],{"class":426},[46,60742,4027],{"class":430},[46,60744,1188],{"class":426},[46,60746,68],{"class":60},[46,60748,1197],{"class":426},[46,60750,60751],{"class":430},"world",[46,60753,1188],{"class":426},[46,60755,84],{"class":60},[283,60757,60759],{"id":60758},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60761,60762],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[37,60764,60766],{"className":39,"code":60765,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60767,60768,60772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60769,60770],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60771,4710],{"class":3845},[46,60773,60774,60776,60778,60780,60782,60784,60786,60788,60790,60793,60795,60797,60799],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60775,5169],{"class":52},[46,60777,57],{"class":56},[46,60779,61],{"class":60},[46,60781,427],{"class":426},[46,60783,1018],{"class":430},[46,60785,427],{"class":426},[46,60787,68],{"class":60},[46,60789,438],{"class":426},[46,60791,60792],{"class":430},"Ben', ",[46,60794,427],{"class":426},[46,60796,1087],{"class":52},[46,60798,427],{"class":426},[46,60800,84],{"class":430},[20,60802,60803],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[37,60805,60807],{"className":39,"code":60806,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60808,60809],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60810,60811,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823,60825,60827,60829,60831,60833,60835,60837,60839],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60812,5169],{"class":52},[46,60814,57],{"class":56},[46,60816,61],{"class":60},[46,60818,427],{"class":426},[46,60820,1018],{"class":430},[46,60822,427],{"class":426},[46,60824,68],{"class":60},[46,60826,438],{"class":426},[46,60828,1054],{"class":430},[46,60830,427],{"class":426},[46,60832,68],{"class":60},[46,60834,438],{"class":426},[46,60836,1087],{"class":430},[46,60838,427],{"class":426},[46,60840,84],{"class":60},[283,60842,60844],{"id":60843},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60846,60847],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[172,60849,60850,60853,60856,60861],{},[175,60851,60852],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[175,60854,60855],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[175,60857,60858,60859],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60860,24948],{},[175,60862,1853,60863,60866],{},[15,60864,60865],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[283,60868,60870],{"id":60869},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[37,60872,60874],{"className":39,"code":60873,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60875,60876,60886,60900,60914],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,60877,60878,60880,60882,60884],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,60879,91],{"class":90},[46,60881,94],{"class":60},[46,60883,8511],{"class":102},[46,60885,215],{"class":60},[46,60887,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896,60898],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,60889,91],{"class":90},[46,60891,94],{"class":60},[46,60893,1889],{"class":1270},[46,60895,94],{"class":60},[46,60897,8511],{"class":102},[46,60899,106],{"class":60},[46,60901,60902,60904,60906,60908,60910,60912],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,60903,91],{"class":90},[46,60905,94],{"class":60},[46,60907,476],{"class":90},[46,60909,94],{"class":60},[46,60911,8511],{"class":102},[46,60913,106],{"class":60},[46,60915,60916,60918,60920,60922,60924,60926,60928,60930],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,60917,91],{"class":90},[46,60919,94],{"class":60},[46,60921,8265],{"class":1270},[46,60923,94],{"class":60},[46,60925,60158],{"class":90},[46,60927,94],{"class":60},[46,60929,65],{"class":64},[46,60931,3099],{"class":60},[20,60933,26176],{},[172,60935,60936,60939,60942,60945],{},[175,60937,60938],{},"what the list contains",[175,60940,60941],{},"whether the value is really a list",[175,60943,60944],{},"how many items it has",[175,60946,26187,60947,60949,60950],{},[15,60948,24948],{}," does with ",[15,60951,36367],{},[32,60953,60955],{"id":60954},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60957,60958],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60960,60961],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[172,60963,60964,60979,60984],{},[175,60965,160,60966,2374,60970,17238,60974,60978],{},[501,60967,60968],{"href":56931},[15,60969,52815],{},[501,60971,60972],{"href":53507},[15,60973,53609],{},[501,60975,60976],{"href":54071},[15,60977,54430],{}," to add items later",[175,60980,160,60981,60983],{},[501,60982,59555],{"href":51143}," for a broader introduction",[175,60985,160,60986,60990],{},[501,60987,60988,60218],{"href":60215},[15,60989,24948],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[32,60992,1991],{"id":1990},[283,60994,60996],{"id":60995},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60998,60999],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[37,61001,61002],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,61003,61004],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61005,61006],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61007,38463],{"class":60},[283,61009,61011],{"id":61010},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,61013,61014],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[37,61016,61017],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,61018,61019],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61020,61021,61023,61025,61027,61029,61031,61033],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61022,1152],{"class":60},[46,61024,3175],{"class":64},[46,61026,68],{"class":60},[46,61028,71],{"class":64},[46,61030,68],{"class":60},[46,61032,312],{"class":64},[46,61034,84],{"class":60},[283,61036,1995,61038,61040],{"id":61037},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61039,24948],{}," do in Python?",[20,61042,61043,61044,61046],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61045,36367],{},", into a list.",[283,61048,61050],{"id":61049},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61052,61053],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[283,61055,2048,61057,2051,61059,2035],{"id":61056},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61058,3968],{},[15,61060,1277],{},[20,61062,61063,61065,61066,61068],{},[15,61064,3968],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61067,1277],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[32,61070,2065],{"id":2064},[172,61072,61073,61077,61083,61089,61095,61101,61105],{},[175,61074,61075],{},[501,61076,59555],{"href":51143},[175,61078,61079],{},[501,61080,55682,61081,11490],{"href":56931},[15,61082,52815],{},[175,61084,61085],{},[501,61086,55682,61087,11490],{"href":53507},[15,61088,53609],{},[175,61090,61091],{},[501,61092,55682,61093,11490],{"href":54071},[15,61094,54430],{},[175,61096,61097],{},[501,61098,13,61099,18],{"href":60215},[15,61100,24948],{},[175,61102,61103],{},[501,61104,59558],{"href":58655},[175,61106,61107],{},[501,61108,61109],{"href":12233},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61111,61112,61113,61115],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61114,52815],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2103,61117,61118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":61120},[61121,61122,61123,61124,61127,61128,61134,61135,61145,61146,61155],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":15328,"depth":87,"text":15329},{"id":59450,"depth":87,"text":59451},{"id":59561,"depth":87,"text":59562,"children":61125},[61126],{"id":59763,"depth":109,"text":59764},{"id":59779,"depth":87,"text":59780},{"id":59976,"depth":87,"text":61129,"children":61130},"Create a list with list()",[61131,61132,61133],{"id":60001,"depth":109,"text":60002},{"id":60074,"depth":109,"text":60075},{"id":60139,"depth":109,"text":60140},{"id":60221,"depth":87,"text":60222},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":61136},[61137,61138,61140,61142,61143,61144],{"id":60358,"depth":109,"text":60359},{"id":60417,"depth":109,"text":61139},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60537,"depth":109,"text":61141},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60758,"depth":109,"text":60759},{"id":60843,"depth":109,"text":60844},{"id":60869,"depth":109,"text":60870},{"id":60954,"depth":87,"text":60955},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":61147},[61148,61149,61150,61152,61153],{"id":60995,"depth":109,"text":60996},{"id":61010,"depth":109,"text":61011},{"id":61037,"depth":109,"text":61151},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61049,"depth":109,"text":61050},{"id":61056,"depth":109,"text":61154},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59192,"description":61156},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61163,"title":61164,"body":61165,"description":62906,"extension":2150,"meta":62907,"navigation":112,"path":62908,"seo":62909,"stem":62910,"__hash__":62911},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61166,"toc":62861},[61167,61172,61177,61180,61182,61253,61258,61263,61267,61281,61286,61288,61308,61313,61316,61339,61343,61348,61440,61442,61464,61470,61476,61483,61490,61496,61553,61559,61617,61619,61631,61639,61645,61650,61654,61711,61714,61718,61777,61780,61784,61842,61854,61858,61911,61914,61918,61924,61930,61992,61995,62056,62059,62115,62120,62122,62126,62133,62194,62199,62208,62264,62271,62275,62333,62342,62400,62404,62439,62443,62453,62456,62511,62525,62528,62643,62648,62652,62663,62665,62744,62754,62756,62761,62766,62773,62781,62787,62790,62796,62799,62805,62811,62813,62849,62858],[10,61168,54504,61170,11490],{"id":61169},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61171,53609],{},[20,61173,61174,61176],{},[15,61175,53510],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61178,61179],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[32,61181,35],{"id":34},[37,61183,61185],{"className":39,"code":61184,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61186,61187,61203,61220,61224,61239,61249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61188,61189,61191,61193,61195,61197,61199,61201],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61190,53],{"class":52},[46,61192,57],{"class":56},[46,61194,61],{"class":60},[46,61196,3175],{"class":64},[46,61198,68],{"class":60},[46,61200,71],{"class":64},[46,61202,84],{"class":60},[46,61204,61205,61208,61210,61212,61214,61216,61218],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61206,61207],{"class":52},"more_numbers ",[46,61209,57],{"class":56},[46,61211,61],{"class":60},[46,61213,2249],{"class":64},[46,61215,68],{"class":60},[46,61217,2643],{"class":64},[46,61219,84],{"class":60},[46,61221,61222],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61223,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61225,61226,61228,61230,61232,61234,61237],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61227,103],{"class":52},[46,61229,507],{"class":60},[46,61231,53639],{"class":102},[46,61233,94],{"class":60},[46,61235,61236],{"class":102},"more_numbers",[46,61238,215],{"class":60},[46,61240,61241,61243,61245,61247],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61242,91],{"class":90},[46,61244,94],{"class":60},[46,61246,103],{"class":102},[46,61248,215],{"class":60},[46,61250,61251],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,61252,52886],{"class":3845},[20,61254,160,61255,61257],{},[15,61256,53609],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[32,61259,167,61261,170],{"id":61260},"what-listextend-does",[15,61262,53510],{},[20,61264,61265,198],{},[15,61266,53609],{},[172,61268,61269,61272,61274,61277],{},[175,61270,61271],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[175,61273,54590],{},[175,61275,61276],{},"Does not create a new list",[175,61278,11592,61279],{},[15,61280,1326],{},[20,61282,61283,61284,53964],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61285,53609],{},[32,61287,2343],{"id":2342},[37,61289,61291],{"className":39,"code":61290,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61292,61293],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61294,61295,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61296,61297],{"class":52},"list_name",[46,61299,507],{"class":60},[46,61301,53639],{"class":102},[46,61303,94],{"class":60},[46,61305,212],{"class":102},[46,61307,215],{"class":60},[20,61309,5624,61310,61312],{},[3924,61311,212],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61314,61315],{},"Common iterables include:",[172,61317,61318,61322,61326,61330,61335],{},[175,61319,61320],{},[15,61321,8265],{},[175,61323,61324],{},[15,61325,49116],{},[175,61327,61328],{},[15,61329,6459],{},[175,61331,61332],{},[15,61333,61334],{},"string",[175,61336,61337],{},[15,61338,60158],{},[32,61340,61342],{"id":61341},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61344,61345,61346,198],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61347,53609],{},[37,61349,61351],{"className":39,"code":61350,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61352,61353,61377,61402,61406,61421,61425,61435],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61354,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373,61375],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61356,36408],{"class":52},[46,61358,57],{"class":56},[46,61360,61],{"class":60},[46,61362,427],{"class":426},[46,61364,756],{"class":430},[46,61366,427],{"class":426},[46,61368,68],{"class":60},[46,61370,438],{"class":426},[46,61372,450],{"class":430},[46,61374,427],{"class":426},[46,61376,84],{"class":60},[46,61378,61379,61382,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61380,61381],{"class":52},"more_fruits ",[46,61383,57],{"class":56},[46,61385,61],{"class":60},[46,61387,427],{"class":426},[46,61389,33389],{"class":430},[46,61391,427],{"class":426},[46,61393,68],{"class":60},[46,61395,438],{"class":426},[46,61397,22700],{"class":430},[46,61399,427],{"class":426},[46,61401,84],{"class":60},[46,61403,61404],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61405,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61407,61408,61410,61412,61414,61416,61419],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61409,36460],{"class":52},[46,61411,507],{"class":60},[46,61413,53639],{"class":102},[46,61415,94],{"class":60},[46,61417,61418],{"class":102},"more_fruits",[46,61420,215],{"class":60},[46,61422,61423],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61424,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61426,61427,61429,61431,61433],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,61428,91],{"class":90},[46,61430,94],{"class":60},[46,61432,36460],{"class":102},[46,61434,215],{"class":60},[46,61436,61437],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,61438,61439],{"class":3845},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61441,11852],{},[172,61443,61444,61449,61454],{},[175,61445,61446,61448],{},[15,61447,36460],{}," starts with two items",[175,61450,61451,61453],{},[15,61452,61418],{}," has two more items",[175,61455,61456,61458,61459,61461,61462],{},[15,61457,53609],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61460,61418],{}," to ",[15,61463,36460],{},[20,61465,61466,61467,61469],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61468,36460],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61471,54729,61472,2051,61474,507],{},[501,61473,52934],{"href":51143},[501,61475,57316],{"href":57315},[32,61477,61479,10755,61481],{"id":61478},"extend-vs-append",[15,61480,53609],{},[15,61482,52815],{},[20,61484,61485,2051,61487,61489],{},[15,61486,53609],{},[15,61488,52815],{}," are often confused.",[283,61491,61493,61495],{"id":61492},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61494,53609],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[37,61497,61499],{"className":39,"code":61498,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61500,61501,61517,61535,61539,61549],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61502,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513,61515],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61504,53],{"class":52},[46,61506,57],{"class":56},[46,61508,61],{"class":60},[46,61510,3175],{"class":64},[46,61512,68],{"class":60},[46,61514,71],{"class":64},[46,61516,84],{"class":60},[46,61518,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531,61533],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61520,103],{"class":52},[46,61522,507],{"class":60},[46,61524,53639],{"class":102},[46,61526,3172],{"class":60},[46,61528,2249],{"class":64},[46,61530,68],{"class":60},[46,61532,2643],{"class":64},[46,61534,1161],{"class":60},[46,61536,61537],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61538,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61540,61541,61543,61545,61547],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61542,91],{"class":90},[46,61544,94],{"class":60},[46,61546,103],{"class":102},[46,61548,215],{"class":60},[46,61550,61551],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61552,52886],{"class":3845},[283,61554,61556,61558],{"id":61555},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61557,52815],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[37,61560,61562],{"className":39,"code":61561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61563,61564,61580,61598,61602,61612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61565,61566,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61567,53],{"class":52},[46,61569,57],{"class":56},[46,61571,61],{"class":60},[46,61573,3175],{"class":64},[46,61575,68],{"class":60},[46,61577,71],{"class":64},[46,61579,84],{"class":60},[46,61581,61582,61584,61586,61588,61590,61592,61594,61596],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61583,103],{"class":52},[46,61585,507],{"class":60},[46,61587,13720],{"class":102},[46,61589,3172],{"class":60},[46,61591,2249],{"class":64},[46,61593,68],{"class":60},[46,61595,2643],{"class":64},[46,61597,1161],{"class":60},[46,61599,61600],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61601,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61603,61604,61606,61608,61610],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61605,91],{"class":90},[46,61607,94],{"class":60},[46,61609,103],{"class":102},[46,61611,215],{"class":60},[46,61613,61614],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61615,61616],{"class":3845},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61618,18862],{},[172,61620,61621,61626],{},[175,61622,61623,61625],{},[15,61624,53609],{}," to combine values",[175,61627,61628,61630],{},[15,61629,52815],{}," to add one item",[20,61632,42258,61633,2051,61637,507],{},[501,61634,55682,61635,10910],{"href":56931},[15,61636,52815],{},[501,61638,53212],{"href":53211},[32,61640,578,61642,61644],{"id":61641},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61643,53609],{}," with different iterables",[20,61646,61647,61649],{},[15,61648,53609],{}," works with more than just lists.",[283,61651,61653],{"id":61652},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[37,61655,61657],{"className":39,"code":61656,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61658,61659,61675,61693,61697,61707],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61660,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61662,4004],{"class":52},[46,61664,57],{"class":56},[46,61666,61],{"class":60},[46,61668,3175],{"class":64},[46,61670,68],{"class":60},[46,61672,71],{"class":64},[46,61674,84],{"class":60},[46,61676,61677,61679,61681,61683,61685,61687,61689,61691],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61678,5530],{"class":52},[46,61680,507],{"class":60},[46,61682,53639],{"class":102},[46,61684,5682],{"class":60},[46,61686,2249],{"class":64},[46,61688,68],{"class":60},[46,61690,2643],{"class":64},[46,61692,106],{"class":60},[46,61694,61695],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61696,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61698,61699,61701,61703,61705],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61700,91],{"class":90},[46,61702,94],{"class":60},[46,61704,5530],{"class":102},[46,61706,215],{"class":60},[46,61708,61709],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61710,52886],{"class":3845},[20,61712,61713],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[283,61715,61717],{"id":61716},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[37,61719,61721],{"className":39,"code":61720,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61722,61723,61739,61758,61762,61772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61724,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61726,36259],{"class":52},[46,61728,57],{"class":56},[46,61730,61],{"class":60},[46,61732,427],{"class":426},[46,61734,501],{"class":430},[46,61736,427],{"class":426},[46,61738,84],{"class":60},[46,61740,61741,61743,61745,61747,61749,61751,61754,61756],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61742,36312],{"class":52},[46,61744,507],{"class":60},[46,61746,53639],{"class":102},[46,61748,94],{"class":60},[46,61750,427],{"class":426},[46,61752,61753],{"class":430},"bc",[46,61755,427],{"class":426},[46,61757,215],{"class":60},[46,61759,61760],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61761,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61763,61764,61766,61768,61770],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61765,91],{"class":90},[46,61767,94],{"class":60},[46,61769,36312],{"class":102},[46,61771,215],{"class":60},[46,61773,61774],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61775,61776],{"class":3845},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61778,61779],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[283,61781,61783],{"id":61782},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[37,61785,61787],{"className":39,"code":61786,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61788,61789,61801,61823,61827,61837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61790,61791,61793,61795,61797,61799],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61792,53],{"class":52},[46,61794,57],{"class":56},[46,61796,61],{"class":60},[46,61798,554],{"class":64},[46,61800,84],{"class":60},[46,61802,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61804,103],{"class":52},[46,61806,507],{"class":60},[46,61808,53639],{"class":102},[46,61810,94],{"class":60},[46,61812,60158],{"class":90},[46,61814,94],{"class":60},[46,61816,3175],{"class":64},[46,61818,68],{"class":60},[46,61820,2643],{"class":64},[46,61822,106],{"class":60},[46,61824,61825],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61826,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61828,61829,61831,61833,61835],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61830,91],{"class":90},[46,61832,94],{"class":60},[46,61834,103],{"class":102},[46,61836,215],{"class":60},[46,61838,61839],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61840,61841],{"class":3845},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61843,61844,61847,61848,2374,61850,17238,61852,507],{},[15,61845,61846],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61849,3175],{},[15,61851,2243],{},[15,61853,2249],{},[283,61855,61857],{"id":61856},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[37,61859,61861],{"className":39,"code":61860,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61862,61863,61879,61897,61901],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61864,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61866,1398],{"class":52},[46,61868,57],{"class":56},[46,61870,61],{"class":60},[46,61872,3175],{"class":64},[46,61874,68],{"class":60},[46,61876,71],{"class":64},[46,61878,84],{"class":60},[46,61880,61881,61883,61885,61887,61889,61891,61893,61895],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61882,1415],{"class":52},[46,61884,507],{"class":60},[46,61886,53639],{"class":102},[46,61888,5701],{"class":60},[46,61890,2249],{"class":64},[46,61892,68],{"class":60},[46,61894,2643],{"class":64},[46,61896,30664],{"class":60},[46,61898,61899],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61900,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61902,61903,61905,61907,61909],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61904,91],{"class":90},[46,61906,94],{"class":60},[46,61908,1415],{"class":102},[46,61910,215],{"class":60},[20,61912,61913],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[32,61915,61917],{"id":61916},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61919,61920,2583,61922,507],{},[15,61921,53609],{},[15,61923,1326],{},[20,61925,61926,61927,198],{},"That means this is ",[3924,61928,61929],{},"wrong",[37,61931,61933],{"className":39,"code":61932,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61934,61935,61951,61973,61977,61987],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,61936,61937,61939,61941,61943,61945,61947,61949],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,61938,53],{"class":52},[46,61940,57],{"class":56},[46,61942,61],{"class":60},[46,61944,3175],{"class":64},[46,61946,68],{"class":60},[46,61948,71],{"class":64},[46,61950,84],{"class":60},[46,61952,61953,61955,61957,61959,61961,61963,61965,61967,61969,61971],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,61954,2416],{"class":52},[46,61956,57],{"class":56},[46,61958,4437],{"class":52},[46,61960,507],{"class":60},[46,61962,53639],{"class":102},[46,61964,3172],{"class":60},[46,61966,2249],{"class":64},[46,61968,68],{"class":60},[46,61970,2643],{"class":64},[46,61972,1161],{"class":60},[46,61974,61975],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,61976,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,61978,61979,61981,61983,61985],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,61980,91],{"class":90},[46,61982,94],{"class":60},[46,61984,2451],{"class":102},[46,61986,215],{"class":60},[46,61988,61989],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,61990,61991],{"class":3845},"# None\n",[20,61993,61994],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[37,61996,61998],{"className":39,"code":61997,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61999,62000,62016,62038,62042,62052],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62001,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62003,53],{"class":52},[46,62005,57],{"class":56},[46,62007,61],{"class":60},[46,62009,3175],{"class":64},[46,62011,68],{"class":60},[46,62013,71],{"class":64},[46,62015,84],{"class":60},[46,62017,62018,62020,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034,62036],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62019,53],{"class":52},[46,62021,57],{"class":56},[46,62023,4437],{"class":52},[46,62025,507],{"class":60},[46,62027,53639],{"class":102},[46,62029,3172],{"class":60},[46,62031,2249],{"class":64},[46,62033,68],{"class":60},[46,62035,2643],{"class":64},[46,62037,1161],{"class":60},[46,62039,62040],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62041,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62043,62044,62046,62048,62050],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62045,91],{"class":90},[46,62047,94],{"class":60},[46,62049,103],{"class":102},[46,62051,215],{"class":60},[46,62053,62054],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62055,61991],{"class":3845},[20,62057,62058],{},"The correct way is:",[37,62060,62061],{"className":39,"code":61498,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,62062,62063,62079,62097,62101,62111],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62064,62065,62067,62069,62071,62073,62075,62077],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62066,53],{"class":52},[46,62068,57],{"class":56},[46,62070,61],{"class":60},[46,62072,3175],{"class":64},[46,62074,68],{"class":60},[46,62076,71],{"class":64},[46,62078,84],{"class":60},[46,62080,62081,62083,62085,62087,62089,62091,62093,62095],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62082,103],{"class":52},[46,62084,507],{"class":60},[46,62086,53639],{"class":102},[46,62088,3172],{"class":60},[46,62090,2249],{"class":64},[46,62092,68],{"class":60},[46,62094,2643],{"class":64},[46,62096,1161],{"class":60},[46,62098,62099],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62100,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62102,62103,62105,62107,62109],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62104,91],{"class":90},[46,62106,94],{"class":60},[46,62108,103],{"class":102},[46,62110,215],{"class":60},[46,62112,62113],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62114,52886],{"class":3845},[20,62116,56071,62117,62119],{},[15,62118,53609],{}," first, then use the original list.",[32,62121,4693],{"id":4692},[20,62123,14900,62124,507],{},[15,62125,53609],{},[283,62127,62129,62130,62132],{"id":62128},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62131,53609],{}," to return a new list",[37,62134,62136],{"className":39,"code":62135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62137,62138,62154,62176,62180,62190],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62139,62140,62142,62144,62146,62148,62150,62152],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62141,53],{"class":52},[46,62143,57],{"class":56},[46,62145,61],{"class":60},[46,62147,3175],{"class":64},[46,62149,68],{"class":60},[46,62151,71],{"class":64},[46,62153,84],{"class":60},[46,62155,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62157,55804],{"class":52},[46,62159,57],{"class":56},[46,62161,4437],{"class":52},[46,62163,507],{"class":60},[46,62165,53639],{"class":102},[46,62167,3172],{"class":60},[46,62169,2249],{"class":64},[46,62171,68],{"class":60},[46,62173,2643],{"class":64},[46,62175,1161],{"class":60},[46,62177,62178],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62179,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62181,62182,62184,62186,62188],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62183,91],{"class":90},[46,62185,94],{"class":60},[46,62187,55823],{"class":102},[46,62189,215],{"class":60},[46,62191,62192],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62193,61991],{"class":3845},[20,62195,62196,62197,507],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62198,53609],{},[283,62200,62202,62203,44794,62205,62207],{"id":62201},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62204,52815],{},[15,62206,53609],{}," is needed",[37,62209,62210],{"className":39,"code":61561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,62211,62212,62228,62246,62250,62260],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62213,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224,62226],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62215,53],{"class":52},[46,62217,57],{"class":56},[46,62219,61],{"class":60},[46,62221,3175],{"class":64},[46,62223,68],{"class":60},[46,62225,71],{"class":64},[46,62227,84],{"class":60},[46,62229,62230,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240,62242,62244],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62231,103],{"class":52},[46,62233,507],{"class":60},[46,62235,13720],{"class":102},[46,62237,3172],{"class":60},[46,62239,2249],{"class":64},[46,62241,68],{"class":60},[46,62243,2643],{"class":64},[46,62245,1161],{"class":60},[46,62247,62248],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62249,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62251,62252,62254,62256,62258],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62253,91],{"class":90},[46,62255,94],{"class":60},[46,62257,103],{"class":102},[46,62259,215],{"class":60},[46,62261,62262],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62263,61616],{"class":3845},[20,62265,62266,62267,54054,62269,6803],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62268,54053],{},[15,62270,53609],{},[283,62272,62274],{"id":62273},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[37,62276,62278],{"className":39,"code":62277,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62279,62280,62296,62314,62318,62328],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62281,62282,62284,62286,62288,62290,62292,62294],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62283,419],{"class":52},[46,62285,57],{"class":56},[46,62287,61],{"class":60},[46,62289,427],{"class":426},[46,62291,4027],{"class":430},[46,62293,427],{"class":426},[46,62295,84],{"class":60},[46,62297,62298,62300,62302,62304,62306,62308,62310,62312],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62299,467],{"class":52},[46,62301,507],{"class":60},[46,62303,53639],{"class":102},[46,62305,94],{"class":60},[46,62307,427],{"class":426},[46,62309,60751],{"class":430},[46,62311,427],{"class":426},[46,62313,215],{"class":60},[46,62315,62316],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62317,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62319,62320,62322,62324,62326],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62321,91],{"class":90},[46,62323,94],{"class":60},[46,62325,467],{"class":102},[46,62327,215],{"class":60},[46,62329,62330],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62331,62332],{"class":3845},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62334,62335,62336,62339,62340,198],{},"If you want ",[15,62337,62338],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62341,52815],{},[37,62343,62345],{"className":39,"code":62344,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62346,62347,62363,62381,62385,62395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62348,62349,62351,62353,62355,62357,62359,62361],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62350,419],{"class":52},[46,62352,57],{"class":56},[46,62354,61],{"class":60},[46,62356,427],{"class":426},[46,62358,4027],{"class":430},[46,62360,427],{"class":426},[46,62362,84],{"class":60},[46,62364,62365,62367,62369,62371,62373,62375,62377,62379],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62366,467],{"class":52},[46,62368,507],{"class":60},[46,62370,13720],{"class":102},[46,62372,94],{"class":60},[46,62374,427],{"class":426},[46,62376,60751],{"class":430},[46,62378,427],{"class":426},[46,62380,215],{"class":60},[46,62382,62383],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62384,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62386,62387,62389,62391,62393],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62388,91],{"class":90},[46,62390,94],{"class":60},[46,62392,467],{"class":102},[46,62394,215],{"class":60},[46,62396,62397],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62398,62399],{"class":3845},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[283,62401,62403],{"id":62402},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[37,62405,62407],{"className":39,"code":62406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62408,62409,62425],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62410,62411,62413,62415,62417,62419,62421,62423],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62412,53],{"class":52},[46,62414,57],{"class":56},[46,62416,61],{"class":60},[46,62418,3175],{"class":64},[46,62420,68],{"class":60},[46,62422,71],{"class":64},[46,62424,84],{"class":60},[46,62426,62427,62429,62431,62433,62435,62437],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62428,103],{"class":52},[46,62430,507],{"class":60},[46,62432,53639],{"class":102},[46,62434,94],{"class":60},[46,62436,65],{"class":64},[46,62438,215],{"class":60},[20,62440,39819,62441,6723],{},[15,62442,65],{},[20,62444,62445,62446,62448,62449,62452],{},"You will get a ",[15,62447,1638],{},". See ",[501,62450,62451],{"href":52762},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62454,62455],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[37,62457,62459],{"className":39,"code":62458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62460,62461,62471,62485,62497],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62462,62463,62465,62467,62469],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62464,91],{"class":90},[46,62466,94],{"class":60},[46,62468,8511],{"class":102},[46,62470,215],{"class":60},[46,62472,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481,62483],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62474,91],{"class":90},[46,62476,94],{"class":60},[46,62478,1889],{"class":1270},[46,62480,94],{"class":60},[46,62482,5530],{"class":102},[46,62484,106],{"class":60},[46,62486,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62488,91],{"class":90},[46,62490,94],{"class":60},[46,62492,2451],{"class":102},[46,62494,1592],{"class":60},[46,62496,215],{"class":52},[46,62498,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507,62509],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62500,32320],{"class":90},[46,62502,94],{"class":60},[46,62504,8265],{"class":1270},[46,62506,507],{"class":60},[46,62508,53639],{"class":1774},[46,62510,215],{"class":60},[43744,62512,62513],{},[20,62514,62515,62516,62519,62520,62522,62523,507],{},"Note: ",[15,62517,62518],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62521,1592],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62524,33195],{},[20,62526,62527],{},"Correct debugging example:",[37,62529,62531],{"className":39,"code":62530,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62532,62533,62549,62565,62569,62583,62587,62595,62605,62619,62629],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62534,62535,62537,62539,62541,62543,62545,62547],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62536,8480],{"class":52},[46,62538,57],{"class":56},[46,62540,61],{"class":60},[46,62542,3175],{"class":64},[46,62544,68],{"class":60},[46,62546,71],{"class":64},[46,62548,84],{"class":60},[46,62550,62551,62553,62555,62557,62559,62561,62563],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62552,4004],{"class":52},[46,62554,57],{"class":56},[46,62556,61],{"class":60},[46,62558,2249],{"class":64},[46,62560,68],{"class":60},[46,62562,2643],{"class":64},[46,62564,84],{"class":60},[46,62566,62567],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62568,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62570,62571,62573,62575,62577,62579,62581],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62572,8511],{"class":52},[46,62574,507],{"class":60},[46,62576,53639],{"class":102},[46,62578,94],{"class":60},[46,62580,5530],{"class":102},[46,62582,215],{"class":60},[46,62584,62585],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62586,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62588,62589,62591,62593],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,62590,2416],{"class":52},[46,62592,57],{"class":56},[46,62594,48690],{"class":1325},[46,62596,62597,62599,62601,62603],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,62598,91],{"class":90},[46,62600,94],{"class":60},[46,62602,8511],{"class":102},[46,62604,215],{"class":60},[46,62606,62607,62609,62611,62613,62615,62617],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,62608,91],{"class":90},[46,62610,94],{"class":60},[46,62612,1889],{"class":1270},[46,62614,94],{"class":60},[46,62616,5530],{"class":102},[46,62618,106],{"class":60},[46,62620,62621,62623,62625,62627],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,62622,91],{"class":90},[46,62624,94],{"class":60},[46,62626,2451],{"class":102},[46,62628,215],{"class":60},[46,62630,62631,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641],{"class":48,"line":6608},[46,62632,32320],{"class":90},[46,62634,94],{"class":60},[46,62636,8265],{"class":1270},[46,62638,507],{"class":60},[46,62640,53639],{"class":1774},[46,62642,215],{"class":60},[32,62644,1794,62646],{"id":62645},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62647,53609],{},[20,62649,160,62650,6490],{},[15,62651,53609],{},[172,62653,62654,62657,62660],{},[175,62655,62656],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[175,62658,62659],{},"Add multiple values at once",[175,62661,62662],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62664,5644],{},[37,62666,62668],{"className":39,"code":62667,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62669,62670,62687,62705,62709,62725,62729,62739],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62671,62672,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62673,62674],{"class":52},"all_scores ",[46,62676,57],{"class":56},[46,62678,61],{"class":60},[46,62680,13670],{"class":64},[46,62682,68],{"class":60},[46,62684,1034],{"class":64},[46,62686,84],{"class":60},[46,62688,62689,62692,62694,62696,62698,62700,62703],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62690,62691],{"class":52},"new_scores ",[46,62693,57],{"class":56},[46,62695,61],{"class":60},[46,62697,603],{"class":64},[46,62699,68],{"class":60},[46,62701,62702],{"class":64}," 92",[46,62704,84],{"class":60},[46,62706,62707],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62708,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62710,62711,62714,62716,62718,62720,62723],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,62712,62713],{"class":52},"all_scores",[46,62715,507],{"class":60},[46,62717,53639],{"class":102},[46,62719,94],{"class":60},[46,62721,62722],{"class":102},"new_scores",[46,62724,215],{"class":60},[46,62726,62727],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,62728,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,62730,62731,62733,62735,62737],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,62732,91],{"class":90},[46,62734,94],{"class":60},[46,62736,62713],{"class":102},[46,62738,215],{"class":60},[46,62740,62741],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,62742,62743],{"class":3845},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62745,62746,62747,62749,62750,507],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62748,52815],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[501,62751,55682,62752,10910],{"href":54071},[15,62753,54430],{},[32,62755,1991],{"id":1990},[283,62757,12872,62759,55631],{"id":62758},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62760,53510],{},[20,62762,62763,62764,507],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62765,1326],{},[283,62767,2048,62769,2051,62771,2035],{"id":62768},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62770,53609],{},[15,62772,52815],{},[20,62774,62775,62777,62778,62780],{},[15,62776,53609],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62779,52815],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[283,62782,28496,62784,62786],{"id":62783},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62785,53609],{}," with a string?",[20,62788,62789],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[283,62791,28496,62793,62795],{"id":62792},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62794,53609],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62797,62798],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[283,62800,62802,62803,2035],{"id":62801},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62804,53609],{},[20,62806,62807,62808,62810],{},"You get a ",[15,62809,1638],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[32,62812,2065],{"id":2064},[172,62814,62815,62821,62825,62829,62833,62839,62843],{},[175,62816,62817],{},[501,62818,55682,62819,10910],{"href":56931},[15,62820,52815],{},[175,62822,62823],{},[501,62824,54440],{"href":53211},[175,62826,62827],{},[501,62828,57390],{"href":57315},[175,62830,62831],{},[501,62832,52934],{"href":51143},[175,62834,62835],{},[501,62836,55682,62837,10910],{"href":54071},[15,62838,54430],{},[175,62840,62841],{},[501,62842,62451],{"href":52762},[175,62844,62845],{},[501,62846,55682,62847,10910],{"href":55122},[15,62848,12945],{},[20,62850,62851,62852,62854,62855,62857],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62853,52815],{},", when to use ",[15,62856,54430],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2103,62859,62860],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":62862},[62863,62864,62866,62867,62868,62875,62882,62883,62891,62893,62905],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":61260,"depth":87,"text":62865},"What list.extend() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":61341,"depth":87,"text":61342},{"id":61478,"depth":87,"text":62869,"children":62870},"extend() vs append()",[62871,62873],{"id":61492,"depth":109,"text":62872},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61555,"depth":109,"text":62874},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61641,"depth":87,"text":62876,"children":62877},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62878,62879,62880,62881],{"id":61652,"depth":109,"text":61653},{"id":61716,"depth":109,"text":61717},{"id":61782,"depth":109,"text":61783},{"id":61856,"depth":109,"text":61857},{"id":61916,"depth":87,"text":61917},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":62884},[62885,62887,62889,62890],{"id":62128,"depth":109,"text":62886},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62201,"depth":109,"text":62888},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62273,"depth":109,"text":62274},{"id":62402,"depth":109,"text":62403},{"id":62645,"depth":87,"text":62892},"When to use extend()",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":62894},[62895,62897,62899,62901,62903],{"id":62758,"depth":109,"text":62896},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62768,"depth":109,"text":62898},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62783,"depth":109,"text":62900},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62792,"depth":109,"text":62902},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62801,"depth":109,"text":62904},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61164,"description":62906},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62913,"title":62914,"body":62915,"description":65006,"extension":2150,"meta":65007,"navigation":112,"path":65008,"seo":65009,"stem":65010,"__hash__":65011},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62916,"toc":64969},[62917,62920,62925,62931,62942,62948,62950,63019,63021,63070,63078,63082,63087,63090,63101,63106,63108,63110,63131,63144,63147,63160,63162,63167,63192,63194,63202,63205,63274,63276,63300,63306,63310,63314,63350,63352,63372,63379,63383,63416,63418,63452,63457,63461,63494,63496,63524,63532,63536,63573,63575,63596,63599,63603,63672,63674,63698,63704,63711,63715,63718,63720,63734,63737,63761,63763,63788,63791,63810,63812,63838,63847,63851,63858,63935,63937,63978,63984,63990,64081,64083,64139,64142,64147,64151,64156,64160,64219,64221,64246,64250,64313,64315,64340,64344,64407,64409,64452,64455,64459,64463,64485,64489,64571,64573,64608,64616,64618,64622,64626,64628,64655,64660,64662,64689,64696,64699,64722,64724,64773,64776,64779,64798,64802,64805,64856,64859,64865,64869,64874,64877,64879,64885,64894,64898,64904,64908,64911,64915,64918,64922,64928,64930,64966],[10,62918,62914],{"id":62919},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62921,9295,62922,62924],{},[15,62923,24948],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62926,62927,62928,62930],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62929,24948],{}," for two main reasons:",[172,62932,62933,62936],{},[175,62934,62935],{},"to make an empty list",[175,62937,62938,62939,62941],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62940,60158],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62943,62944,62945,62947],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62946,24948],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[32,62949,35],{"id":34},[37,62951,62953],{"className":39,"code":62952,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62954,62955,62977,62995,62999,63009],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,62956,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971,62973,62975],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,62958,53],{"class":52},[46,62960,57],{"class":56},[46,62962,22727],{"class":1270},[46,62964,5682],{"class":60},[46,62966,3175],{"class":64},[46,62968,68],{"class":60},[46,62970,71],{"class":64},[46,62972,68],{"class":60},[46,62974,312],{"class":64},[46,62976,106],{"class":60},[46,62978,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,62980,36259],{"class":52},[46,62982,57],{"class":56},[46,62984,22727],{"class":1270},[46,62986,94],{"class":60},[46,62988,427],{"class":426},[46,62990,41725],{"class":430},[46,62992,427],{"class":426},[46,62994,215],{"class":60},[46,62996,62997],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,62998,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,63000,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,63002,91],{"class":90},[46,63004,94],{"class":60},[46,63006,103],{"class":102},[46,63008,215],{"class":60},[46,63010,63011,63013,63015,63017],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,63012,91],{"class":90},[46,63014,94],{"class":60},[46,63016,36312],{"class":102},[46,63018,215],{"class":60},[20,63020,143],{},[37,63022,63024],{"className":39,"code":63023,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,63025,63026,63042],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63027,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63029,1152],{"class":60},[46,63031,3175],{"class":64},[46,63033,68],{"class":60},[46,63035,71],{"class":64},[46,63037,68],{"class":60},[46,63039,312],{"class":64},[46,63041,84],{"class":60},[46,63043,63044,63046,63048,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63045,1152],{"class":60},[46,63047,1188],{"class":426},[46,63049,501],{"class":430},[46,63051,1188],{"class":426},[46,63053,68],{"class":60},[46,63055,1197],{"class":426},[46,63057,4935],{"class":430},[46,63059,1188],{"class":426},[46,63061,68],{"class":60},[46,63063,1197],{"class":426},[46,63065,9908],{"class":430},[46,63067,1188],{"class":426},[46,63069,84],{"class":60},[20,63071,160,63072,63074,63075,63077],{},[15,63073,24948],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63076,60158],{},", set, or dictionary.",[32,63079,63081],{"id":63080},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63083,63084,63086],{},[15,63085,24948],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63088,63089],{},"It can:",[172,63091,63092,63095,63098],{},[175,63093,63094],{},"create a new list object",[175,63096,63097],{},"make an empty list",[175,63099,63100],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63102,63103,63104,507],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[501,63105,52934],{"href":51143},[32,63107,2343],{"id":2342},[20,63109,26655],{},[37,63111,63113],{"className":39,"code":63112,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63114,63115,63121],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63116,63117,63119],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63118,8265],{"class":1270},[46,63120,8814],{"class":60},[46,63122,63123,63125,63127,63129],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63124,8265],{"class":1270},[46,63126,94],{"class":60},[46,63128,212],{"class":102},[46,63130,215],{"class":60},[172,63132,63133,63138],{},[175,63134,63135,63137],{},[15,63136,24948],{}," makes an empty list",[175,63139,63140,63143],{},[15,63141,63142],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63145,63146],{},"Common iterable values include:",[172,63148,63149,63151,63153,63155,63158],{},[175,63150,5480],{},[175,63152,5474],{},[175,63154,5477],{},[175,63156,63157],{},"ranges",[175,63159,7424],{},[32,63161,59780],{"id":59779},[20,63163,160,63164,63166],{},[15,63165,24948],{}," with no arguments:",[37,63168,63170],{"className":39,"code":63169,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63171,63172,63182],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63173,63174,63176,63178,63180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63175,1398],{"class":52},[46,63177,57],{"class":56},[46,63179,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63181,8814],{"class":60},[46,63183,63184,63186,63188,63190],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63185,91],{"class":90},[46,63187,94],{"class":60},[46,63189,1415],{"class":102},[46,63191,215],{"class":60},[20,63193,143],{},[37,63195,63196],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,63197,63198],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63199,63200],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63201,38463],{"class":60},[20,63203,63204],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[37,63206,63208],{"className":39,"code":63207,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63209,63210,63220,63224,63242,63260,63264],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63211,63212,63214,63216,63218],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63213,1398],{"class":52},[46,63215,57],{"class":56},[46,63217,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63219,8814],{"class":60},[46,63221,63222],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63223,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,63225,63226,63228,63230,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,63227,1415],{"class":52},[46,63229,507],{"class":60},[46,63231,13720],{"class":102},[46,63233,94],{"class":60},[46,63235,427],{"class":426},[46,63237,756],{"class":430},[46,63239,427],{"class":426},[46,63241,215],{"class":60},[46,63243,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,63245,1415],{"class":52},[46,63247,507],{"class":60},[46,63249,13720],{"class":102},[46,63251,94],{"class":60},[46,63253,427],{"class":426},[46,63255,450],{"class":430},[46,63257,427],{"class":426},[46,63259,215],{"class":60},[46,63261,63262],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,63263,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,63265,63266,63268,63270,63272],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,63267,91],{"class":90},[46,63269,94],{"class":60},[46,63271,1415],{"class":102},[46,63273,215],{"class":60},[20,63275,143],{},[37,63277,63278],{"className":39,"code":38588,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,63279,63280],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63281,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63283,1152],{"class":60},[46,63285,1188],{"class":426},[46,63287,756],{"class":430},[46,63289,1188],{"class":426},[46,63291,68],{"class":60},[46,63293,1197],{"class":426},[46,63295,450],{"class":430},[46,63297,1188],{"class":426},[46,63299,84],{"class":60},[20,63301,63302,63303,63305],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63304,3968],{},". Both are valid.",[32,63307,63309],{"id":63308},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[283,63311,63313],{"id":63312},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[37,63315,63316],{"className":39,"code":60078,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,63317,63318,63340],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63319,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63321,53],{"class":52},[46,63323,57],{"class":56},[46,63325,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63327,5682],{"class":60},[46,63329,3175],{"class":64},[46,63331,68],{"class":60},[46,63333,71],{"class":64},[46,63335,68],{"class":60},[46,63337,312],{"class":64},[46,63339,106],{"class":60},[46,63341,63342,63344,63346,63348],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63343,91],{"class":90},[46,63345,94],{"class":60},[46,63347,103],{"class":102},[46,63349,215],{"class":60},[20,63351,143],{},[37,63353,63354],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,63355,63356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63357,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63359,1152],{"class":60},[46,63361,3175],{"class":64},[46,63363,68],{"class":60},[46,63365,71],{"class":64},[46,63367,68],{"class":60},[46,63369,312],{"class":64},[46,63371,84],{"class":60},[20,63373,63374,63375,507],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[501,63376,63378],{"href":63377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[283,63380,63382],{"id":63381},"string-to-list","String to list",[37,63384,63386],{"className":39,"code":63385,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63387,63388,63406],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63389,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63391,36259],{"class":52},[46,63393,57],{"class":56},[46,63395,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63397,94],{"class":60},[46,63399,427],{"class":426},[46,63401,934],{"class":430},[46,63403,427],{"class":426},[46,63405,215],{"class":60},[46,63407,63408,63410,63412,63414],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63409,91],{"class":90},[46,63411,94],{"class":60},[46,63413,36312],{"class":102},[46,63415,215],{"class":60},[20,63417,143],{},[37,63419,63421],{"className":39,"code":63420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63422,63423],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63424,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443,63445,63448,63450],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63426,1152],{"class":60},[46,63428,1188],{"class":426},[46,63430,9908],{"class":430},[46,63432,1188],{"class":426},[46,63434,68],{"class":60},[46,63436,1197],{"class":426},[46,63438,501],{"class":430},[46,63440,1188],{"class":426},[46,63442,68],{"class":60},[46,63444,1197],{"class":426},[46,63446,63447],{"class":430},"t",[46,63449,1188],{"class":426},[46,63451,84],{"class":60},[20,63453,63454,63456],{},[15,63455,24948],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[283,63458,63460],{"id":63459},"range-to-list","Range to list",[37,63462,63464],{"className":39,"code":63463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63465,63466,63484],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63467,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63469,53],{"class":52},[46,63471,57],{"class":56},[46,63473,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63475,94],{"class":60},[46,63477,60158],{"class":90},[46,63479,94],{"class":60},[46,63481,65],{"class":64},[46,63483,106],{"class":60},[46,63485,63486,63488,63490,63492],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63487,91],{"class":90},[46,63489,94],{"class":60},[46,63491,103],{"class":102},[46,63493,215],{"class":60},[20,63495,143],{},[37,63497,63498],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,63499,63500],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63501,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63503,1152],{"class":60},[46,63505,554],{"class":64},[46,63507,68],{"class":60},[46,63509,81],{"class":64},[46,63511,68],{"class":60},[46,63513,71],{"class":64},[46,63515,68],{"class":60},[46,63517,312],{"class":64},[46,63519,68],{"class":60},[46,63521,2643],{"class":64},[46,63523,84],{"class":60},[20,63525,63526,63527,63531],{},"This is common when working with ",[501,63528,63529],{"href":36364},[15,63530,36367],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[283,63533,63535],{"id":63534},"set-to-list","Set to list",[37,63537,63539],{"className":39,"code":63538,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63540,63541,63563],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63542,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63544,4004],{"class":52},[46,63546,57],{"class":56},[46,63548,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63550,5701],{"class":60},[46,63552,1494],{"class":64},[46,63554,68],{"class":60},[46,63556,7962],{"class":64},[46,63558,68],{"class":60},[46,63560,7967],{"class":64},[46,63562,30664],{"class":60},[46,63564,63565,63567,63569,63571],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63566,91],{"class":90},[46,63568,94],{"class":60},[46,63570,5530],{"class":102},[46,63572,215],{"class":60},[20,63574,17124],{},[37,63576,63578],{"className":39,"code":63577,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63579,63580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63581,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63583,1152],{"class":60},[46,63585,1494],{"class":64},[46,63587,68],{"class":60},[46,63589,7962],{"class":64},[46,63591,68],{"class":60},[46,63593,7967],{"class":64},[46,63595,84],{"class":60},[20,63597,63598],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[283,63600,63602],{"id":63601},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[37,63604,63606],{"className":39,"code":63605,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63607,63608,63644,63658,63662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63609,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63611,13372],{"class":52},[46,63613,57],{"class":56},[46,63615,10660],{"class":60},[46,63617,427],{"class":426},[46,63619,1009],{"class":430},[46,63621,427],{"class":426},[46,63623,198],{"class":60},[46,63625,438],{"class":426},[46,63627,1018],{"class":430},[46,63629,427],{"class":426},[46,63631,68],{"class":60},[46,63633,438],{"class":426},[46,63635,9468],{"class":430},[46,63637,427],{"class":426},[46,63639,198],{"class":60},[46,63641,9475],{"class":64},[46,63643,1105],{"class":60},[46,63645,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63647,2416],{"class":52},[46,63649,57],{"class":56},[46,63651,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63653,94],{"class":60},[46,63655,17473],{"class":102},[46,63657,215],{"class":60},[46,63659,63660],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,63661,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,63663,63664,63666,63668,63670],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,63665,91],{"class":90},[46,63667,94],{"class":60},[46,63669,2451],{"class":102},[46,63671,215],{"class":60},[20,63673,143],{},[37,63675,63676],{"className":39,"code":25648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,63677,63678],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63679,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63681,1152],{"class":60},[46,63683,1188],{"class":426},[46,63685,1009],{"class":430},[46,63687,1188],{"class":426},[46,63689,68],{"class":60},[46,63691,1197],{"class":426},[46,63693,9468],{"class":430},[46,63695,1188],{"class":426},[46,63697,84],{"class":60},[20,63699,63700,63701,63703],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63702,24948],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63705,63706,63707,507],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[501,63708,63710],{"href":63709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[32,63712,63714],{"id":63713},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63716,63717],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63719,61315],{},[172,63721,63722,63724,63726,63728,63730,63732],{},[175,63723,5471],{},[175,63725,5474],{},[175,63727,5480],{},[175,63729,5477],{},[175,63731,63157],{},[175,63733,7424],{},[20,63735,63736],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[37,63738,63740],{"className":39,"code":63739,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63741,63742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63743,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63757,63759],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63745,91],{"class":90},[46,63747,94],{"class":60},[46,63749,8265],{"class":1270},[46,63751,94],{"class":60},[46,63753,427],{"class":426},[46,63755,63756],{"class":430},"hi",[46,63758,427],{"class":426},[46,63760,106],{"class":60},[20,63762,143],{},[37,63764,63766],{"className":39,"code":63765,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63767,63768],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63769,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782,63784,63786],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63771,1152],{"class":60},[46,63773,1188],{"class":426},[46,63775,60598],{"class":430},[46,63777,1188],{"class":426},[46,63779,68],{"class":60},[46,63781,1197],{"class":426},[46,63783,36323],{"class":430},[46,63785,1188],{"class":426},[46,63787,84],{"class":60},[20,63789,63790],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[37,63792,63794],{"className":39,"code":63793,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63795,63796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63797,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63799,91],{"class":90},[46,63801,94],{"class":60},[46,63803,8265],{"class":1270},[46,63805,94],{"class":60},[46,63807,65],{"class":64},[46,63809,106],{"class":60},[20,63811,143],{},[37,63813,63815],{"className":39,"code":63814,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63816,63817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63818,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63820,1638],{"class":1270},[46,63822,198],{"class":60},[46,63824,1197],{"class":426},[46,63826,1584],{"class":430},[46,63828,1188],{"class":426},[46,63830,24785],{"class":1270},[46,63832,8268],{"class":56},[46,63834,8271],{"class":56},[46,63836,63837],{"class":52}," iterable\n",[20,63839,63840,63841,63843,63844,507],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[501,63842,5310],{"href":5758},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[501,63845,63846],{"href":52762},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[32,63848,63850],{"id":63849},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63852,63853,63854,63857],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63855,63856],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[37,63859,63861],{"className":39,"code":63860,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63862,63863,63883,63897,63901,63911,63921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63864,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63866,12254],{"class":52},[46,63868,57],{"class":56},[46,63870,61],{"class":60},[46,63872,3175],{"class":64},[46,63874,68],{"class":60},[46,63876,71],{"class":64},[46,63878,68],{"class":60},[46,63880,312],{"class":64},[46,63882,84],{"class":60},[46,63884,63885,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63886,14479],{"class":52},[46,63888,57],{"class":56},[46,63890,22727],{"class":1270},[46,63892,94],{"class":60},[46,63894,12301],{"class":102},[46,63896,215],{"class":60},[46,63898,63899],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,63900,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,63902,63903,63905,63907,63909],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,63904,91],{"class":90},[46,63906,94],{"class":60},[46,63908,12301],{"class":102},[46,63910,215],{"class":60},[46,63912,63913,63915,63917,63919],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,63914,91],{"class":90},[46,63916,94],{"class":60},[46,63918,14498],{"class":102},[46,63920,215],{"class":60},[46,63922,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,63924,91],{"class":90},[46,63926,94],{"class":60},[46,63928,12254],{"class":102},[46,63930,1283],{"class":1595},[46,63932,14552],{"class":102},[46,63934,215],{"class":60},[20,63936,143],{},[37,63938,63940],{"className":39,"code":63939,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63941,63942,63958,63974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63943,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63945,1152],{"class":60},[46,63947,3175],{"class":64},[46,63949,68],{"class":60},[46,63951,71],{"class":64},[46,63953,68],{"class":60},[46,63955,312],{"class":64},[46,63957,84],{"class":60},[46,63959,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,63961,1152],{"class":60},[46,63963,3175],{"class":64},[46,63965,68],{"class":60},[46,63967,71],{"class":64},[46,63969,68],{"class":60},[46,63971,312],{"class":64},[46,63973,84],{"class":60},[46,63975,63976],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,63977,4218],{"class":1325},[20,63979,63980,63981,63983],{},"This means ",[15,63982,14498],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63985,63986,63987,63989],{},"However, this is only a ",[3924,63988,13019],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[37,63991,63993],{"className":39,"code":63992,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63994,63995,64021,64035,64039,64057,64061,64071],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,63996,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,63998,12254],{"class":52},[46,64000,57],{"class":56},[46,64002,56456],{"class":60},[46,64004,3175],{"class":64},[46,64006,68],{"class":60},[46,64008,71],{"class":64},[46,64010,18229],{"class":60},[46,64012,61],{"class":60},[46,64014,2249],{"class":64},[46,64016,68],{"class":60},[46,64018,2643],{"class":64},[46,64020,53405],{"class":60},[46,64022,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64024,14479],{"class":52},[46,64026,57],{"class":56},[46,64028,22727],{"class":1270},[46,64030,94],{"class":60},[46,64032,12301],{"class":102},[46,64034,215],{"class":60},[46,64036,64037],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,64038,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,64040,64041,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053,64055],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,64042,14498],{"class":52},[46,64044,1152],{"class":60},[46,64046,554],{"class":64},[46,64048,13717],{"class":60},[46,64050,13720],{"class":102},[46,64052,94],{"class":60},[46,64054,56509],{"class":64},[46,64056,215],{"class":60},[46,64058,64059],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,64060,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,64062,64063,64065,64067,64069],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,64064,91],{"class":90},[46,64066,94],{"class":60},[46,64068,12301],{"class":102},[46,64070,215],{"class":60},[46,64072,64073,64075,64077,64079],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,64074,91],{"class":90},[46,64076,94],{"class":60},[46,64078,14498],{"class":102},[46,64080,215],{"class":60},[20,64082,143],{},[37,64084,64085],{"className":39,"code":56540,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,64086,64087,64113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64088,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64090,56547],{"class":60},[46,64092,3175],{"class":64},[46,64094,68],{"class":60},[46,64096,71],{"class":64},[46,64098,68],{"class":60},[46,64100,10366],{"class":64},[46,64102,18229],{"class":60},[46,64104,61],{"class":60},[46,64106,2249],{"class":64},[46,64108,68],{"class":60},[46,64110,2643],{"class":64},[46,64112,53405],{"class":60},[46,64114,64115,64117,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135,64137],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64116,56547],{"class":60},[46,64118,3175],{"class":64},[46,64120,68],{"class":60},[46,64122,71],{"class":64},[46,64124,68],{"class":60},[46,64126,10366],{"class":64},[46,64128,18229],{"class":60},[46,64130,61],{"class":60},[46,64132,2249],{"class":64},[46,64134,68],{"class":60},[46,64136,2643],{"class":64},[46,64138,53405],{"class":60},[20,64140,64141],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64143,64144,64145,507],{},"For more on this, see ",[501,64146,13958],{"href":13957},[32,64148,64150],{"id":64149},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64152,64153,64154,507],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64155,24948],{},[283,64157,64159],{"id":64158},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[37,64161,64163],{"className":39,"code":64162,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64164,64165,64205],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64166,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191,64193,64195,64197,64199,64201,64203],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64168,13032],{"class":52},[46,64170,57],{"class":56},[46,64172,10660],{"class":60},[46,64174,427],{"class":426},[46,64176,1009],{"class":430},[46,64178,427],{"class":426},[46,64180,198],{"class":60},[46,64182,438],{"class":426},[46,64184,8092],{"class":430},[46,64186,427],{"class":426},[46,64188,68],{"class":60},[46,64190,438],{"class":426},[46,64192,20059],{"class":430},[46,64194,427],{"class":426},[46,64196,198],{"class":60},[46,64198,438],{"class":426},[46,64200,22412],{"class":430},[46,64202,427],{"class":426},[46,64204,1105],{"class":60},[46,64206,64207,64209,64211,64213,64215,64217],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64208,91],{"class":90},[46,64210,94],{"class":60},[46,64212,8265],{"class":1270},[46,64214,94],{"class":60},[46,64216,13793],{"class":102},[46,64218,106],{"class":60},[20,64220,143],{},[37,64222,64224],{"className":39,"code":64223,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64225,64226],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64227,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64229,1152],{"class":60},[46,64231,1188],{"class":426},[46,64233,1009],{"class":430},[46,64235,1188],{"class":426},[46,64237,68],{"class":60},[46,64239,1197],{"class":426},[46,64241,20059],{"class":430},[46,64243,1188],{"class":426},[46,64245,84],{"class":60},[283,64247,64249],{"id":64248},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[37,64251,64253],{"className":39,"code":64252,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64254,64255,64295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64256,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64258,13032],{"class":52},[46,64260,57],{"class":56},[46,64262,10660],{"class":60},[46,64264,427],{"class":426},[46,64266,1009],{"class":430},[46,64268,427],{"class":426},[46,64270,198],{"class":60},[46,64272,438],{"class":426},[46,64274,8092],{"class":430},[46,64276,427],{"class":426},[46,64278,68],{"class":60},[46,64280,438],{"class":426},[46,64282,20059],{"class":430},[46,64284,427],{"class":426},[46,64286,198],{"class":60},[46,64288,438],{"class":426},[46,64290,22412],{"class":430},[46,64292,427],{"class":426},[46,64294,1105],{"class":60},[46,64296,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64298,91],{"class":90},[46,64300,94],{"class":60},[46,64302,8265],{"class":1270},[46,64304,94],{"class":60},[46,64306,13793],{"class":102},[46,64308,507],{"class":60},[46,64310,5530],{"class":102},[46,64312,6462],{"class":60},[20,64314,143],{},[37,64316,64318],{"className":39,"code":64317,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64319,64320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64321,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336,64338],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64323,1152],{"class":60},[46,64325,1188],{"class":426},[46,64327,8092],{"class":430},[46,64329,1188],{"class":426},[46,64331,68],{"class":60},[46,64333,1197],{"class":426},[46,64335,22412],{"class":430},[46,64337,1188],{"class":426},[46,64339,84],{"class":60},[283,64341,64343],{"id":64342},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[37,64345,64347],{"className":39,"code":64346,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64348,64349,64389],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64350,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383,64385,64387],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64352,13032],{"class":52},[46,64354,57],{"class":56},[46,64356,10660],{"class":60},[46,64358,427],{"class":426},[46,64360,1009],{"class":430},[46,64362,427],{"class":426},[46,64364,198],{"class":60},[46,64366,438],{"class":426},[46,64368,8092],{"class":430},[46,64370,427],{"class":426},[46,64372,68],{"class":60},[46,64374,438],{"class":426},[46,64376,20059],{"class":430},[46,64378,427],{"class":426},[46,64380,198],{"class":60},[46,64382,438],{"class":426},[46,64384,22412],{"class":430},[46,64386,427],{"class":426},[46,64388,1105],{"class":60},[46,64390,64391,64393,64395,64397,64399,64401,64403,64405],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64392,91],{"class":90},[46,64394,94],{"class":60},[46,64396,8265],{"class":1270},[46,64398,94],{"class":60},[46,64400,13793],{"class":102},[46,64402,507],{"class":60},[46,64404,1415],{"class":102},[46,64406,6462],{"class":60},[20,64408,143],{},[37,64410,64412],{"className":39,"code":64411,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64413,64414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64415,64416,64418,64420,64422,64424,64426,64428,64430,64432,64434,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446,64448,64450],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64417,21907],{"class":60},[46,64419,1188],{"class":426},[46,64421,1009],{"class":430},[46,64423,1188],{"class":426},[46,64425,68],{"class":60},[46,64427,1197],{"class":426},[46,64429,8092],{"class":430},[46,64431,1188],{"class":426},[46,64433,9403],{"class":60},[46,64435,9406],{"class":60},[46,64437,1188],{"class":426},[46,64439,20059],{"class":430},[46,64441,1188],{"class":426},[46,64443,68],{"class":60},[46,64445,1197],{"class":426},[46,64447,22412],{"class":430},[46,64449,1188],{"class":426},[46,64451,9419],{"class":60},[20,64453,64454],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[32,64456,64458],{"id":64457},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64460,160,64461,1801],{},[15,64462,24948],{},[172,64464,64465,64473,64482],{},[175,64466,64467,64468,3065,64470],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64469,52815],{},[15,64471,64472],{},"sort()",[175,64474,64475,64476,3065,64478,64481],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64477,36367],{},[15,64479,64480],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[175,64483,64484],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64486,46205,64487,198],{},[15,64488,64480],{},[37,64490,64492],{"className":39,"code":64491,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64493,64494,64518,64534,64538,64561],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64495,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504,64506,64508,64510,64512,64514,64516],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64497,5169],{"class":52},[46,64499,57],{"class":56},[46,64501,61],{"class":60},[46,64503,427],{"class":426},[46,64505,1018],{"class":430},[46,64507,427],{"class":426},[46,64509,68],{"class":60},[46,64511,438],{"class":426},[46,64513,1054],{"class":430},[46,64515,427],{"class":426},[46,64517,84],{"class":60},[46,64519,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64521,596],{"class":52},[46,64523,57],{"class":56},[46,64525,61],{"class":60},[46,64527,13670],{"class":64},[46,64529,68],{"class":60},[46,64531,1034],{"class":64},[46,64533,84],{"class":60},[46,64535,64536],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,64537,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,64539,64540,64542,64544,64546,64548,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,64541,9385],{"class":52},[46,64543,57],{"class":56},[46,64545,22727],{"class":1270},[46,64547,94],{"class":60},[46,64549,64550],{"class":90},"zip",[46,64552,94],{"class":60},[46,64554,5213],{"class":102},[46,64556,68],{"class":60},[46,64558,5284],{"class":102},[46,64560,106],{"class":60},[46,64562,64563,64565,64567,64569],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,64564,91],{"class":90},[46,64566,94],{"class":60},[46,64568,9432],{"class":102},[46,64570,215],{"class":60},[20,64572,143],{},[37,64574,64576],{"className":39,"code":64575,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64577,64578],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64579,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64581,21907],{"class":60},[46,64583,1188],{"class":426},[46,64585,1018],{"class":430},[46,64587,1188],{"class":426},[46,64589,68],{"class":60},[46,64591,1102],{"class":64},[46,64593,9403],{"class":60},[46,64595,9406],{"class":60},[46,64597,1188],{"class":426},[46,64599,1054],{"class":430},[46,64601,1188],{"class":426},[46,64603,68],{"class":60},[46,64605,1034],{"class":64},[46,64607,9419],{"class":60},[20,64609,64610,64611,64613,64614,507],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64612,52815],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[501,64615,53212],{"href":53211},[32,64617,4693],{"id":4692},[20,64619,1375,64620,507],{},[15,64621,24948],{},[283,64623,64625],{"id":64624},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64627,4700],{},[37,64629,64631],{"className":39,"code":64630,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64632,64633,64637],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64634,64635],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64636,4710],{"class":3845},[46,64638,64639,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64640,8265],{"class":1270},[46,64642,94],{"class":60},[46,64644,3175],{"class":64},[46,64646,68],{"class":60},[46,64648,71],{"class":64},[46,64650,68],{"class":60},[46,64652,312],{"class":64},[46,64654,215],{"class":60},[20,64656,64657,64659],{},[15,64658,24948],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64661,18862],{},[37,64663,64665],{"className":39,"code":64664,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64666,64667],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64668,64669,64671,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64670,91],{"class":90},[46,64672,94],{"class":60},[46,64674,8265],{"class":1270},[46,64676,5682],{"class":60},[46,64678,3175],{"class":64},[46,64680,68],{"class":60},[46,64682,71],{"class":64},[46,64684,68],{"class":60},[46,64686,312],{"class":64},[46,64688,3099],{"class":60},[283,64690,64692,64693],{"id":64691},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[46,64694,64695],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64697,64698],{},"This is a common surprise:",[37,64700,64702],{"className":39,"code":64701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64703,64704],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64705,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714,64716,64718,64720],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64707,91],{"class":90},[46,64709,94],{"class":60},[46,64711,8265],{"class":1270},[46,64713,94],{"class":60},[46,64715,427],{"class":426},[46,64717,4027],{"class":430},[46,64719,427],{"class":426},[46,64721,106],{"class":60},[20,64723,143],{},[37,64725,64727],{"className":39,"code":64726,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64728,64729],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64730,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769,64771],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64732,1152],{"class":60},[46,64734,1188],{"class":426},[46,64736,60598],{"class":430},[46,64738,1188],{"class":426},[46,64740,68],{"class":60},[46,64742,1197],{"class":426},[46,64744,60607],{"class":430},[46,64746,1188],{"class":426},[46,64748,68],{"class":60},[46,64750,1197],{"class":426},[46,64752,60616],{"class":430},[46,64754,1188],{"class":426},[46,64756,68],{"class":60},[46,64758,1197],{"class":426},[46,64760,60616],{"class":430},[46,64762,1188],{"class":426},[46,64764,68],{"class":60},[46,64766,1197],{"class":426},[46,64768,60633],{"class":430},[46,64770,1188],{"class":426},[46,64772,84],{"class":60},[20,64774,64775],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64777,64778],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[37,64780,64782],{"className":39,"code":64781,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64783,64784],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64785,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64787,91],{"class":90},[46,64789,3172],{"class":60},[46,64791,427],{"class":426},[46,64793,4027],{"class":430},[46,64795,427],{"class":426},[46,64797,1161],{"class":60},[283,64799,64801],{"id":64800},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64803,64804],{},"This:",[37,64806,64808],{"className":39,"code":64807,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64809,64810,64842],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,64811,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828,64830,64832,64834,64836,64838,64840],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,64813,1487],{"class":52},[46,64815,57],{"class":56},[46,64817,10660],{"class":60},[46,64819,427],{"class":426},[46,64821,501],{"class":430},[46,64823,427],{"class":426},[46,64825,198],{"class":60},[46,64827,81],{"class":64},[46,64829,68],{"class":60},[46,64831,438],{"class":426},[46,64833,4935],{"class":430},[46,64835,427],{"class":426},[46,64837,198],{"class":60},[46,64839,71],{"class":64},[46,64841,1105],{"class":60},[46,64843,64844,64846,64848,64850,64852,64854],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,64845,91],{"class":90},[46,64847,94],{"class":60},[46,64849,8265],{"class":1270},[46,64851,94],{"class":60},[46,64853,1523],{"class":102},[46,64855,106],{"class":60},[20,64857,64858],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64860,160,64861,64864],{},[15,64862,64863],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[283,64866,64868],{"id":64867},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64870,64871,64873],{},[15,64872,24948],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64875,64876],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[32,64878,1991],{"id":1990},[283,64880,2048,64882,64884],{"id":64881},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[46,64883],{}," and list()?",[20,64886,64887,64888,64890,64891,64893],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64889,3968],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64892,24948],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[283,64895,64897],{"id":64896},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64899,64900,64901,64903],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64902,24948],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[283,64905,64907],{"id":64906},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64909,64910],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[283,64912,64914],{"id":64913},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64916,64917],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[283,64919,64921],{"id":64920},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64923,64924,64925,64927],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64926,24948],{}," cannot loop through it.",[32,64929,2065],{"id":2064},[172,64931,64932,64936,64941,64945,64949,64953,64957,64962],{},[175,64933,64934],{},[501,64935,52934],{"href":51143},[175,64937,64938],{},[501,64939,64940],{"href":36364},"Python range() function explained",[175,64942,64943],{},[501,64944,63378],{"href":63377},[175,64946,64947],{},[501,64948,63710],{"href":63709},[175,64950,64951],{},[501,64952,5387],{"href":5758},[175,64954,64955],{},[501,64956,13958],{"href":13957},[175,64958,64959],{},[501,64960,64961],{"href":52762},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[175,64963,64964],{},[501,64965,54440],{"href":53211},[2103,64967,64968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":64970},[64971,64972,64973,64974,64975,64982,64983,64984,64989,64990,64997,65005],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":63080,"depth":87,"text":63081},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":59779,"depth":87,"text":59780},{"id":63308,"depth":87,"text":63309,"children":64976},[64977,64978,64979,64980,64981],{"id":63312,"depth":109,"text":63313},{"id":63381,"depth":109,"text":63382},{"id":63459,"depth":109,"text":63460},{"id":63534,"depth":109,"text":63535},{"id":63601,"depth":109,"text":63602},{"id":63713,"depth":87,"text":63714},{"id":63849,"depth":87,"text":63850},{"id":64149,"depth":87,"text":64150,"children":64985},[64986,64987,64988],{"id":64158,"depth":109,"text":64159},{"id":64248,"depth":109,"text":64249},{"id":64342,"depth":109,"text":64343},{"id":64457,"depth":87,"text":64458},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":64991},[64992,64993,64995,64996],{"id":64624,"depth":109,"text":64625},{"id":64691,"depth":109,"text":64994},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64800,"depth":109,"text":64801},{"id":64867,"depth":109,"text":64868},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":64998},[64999,65001,65002,65003,65004],{"id":64881,"depth":109,"text":65000},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64896,"depth":109,"text":64897},{"id":64906,"depth":109,"text":64907},{"id":64913,"depth":109,"text":64914},{"id":64920,"depth":109,"text":64921},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62914,"description":65006},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":65013,"title":65014,"body":65015,"description":66365,"extension":2150,"meta":66366,"navigation":112,"path":66367,"seo":66368,"stem":66369,"__hash__":66370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":65016,"toc":66339},[65017,65022,65028,65037,65039,65112,65121,65126,65130,65146,65150,65152,65154,65173,65176,65204,65207,65232,65240,65242,65247,65254,65256,65313,65315,65323,65329,65333,65336,65409,65411,65419,65422,65445,65452,65458,65462,65468,65539,65541,65549,65558,65565,65572,65580,65724,65726,65743,65746,65785,65788,65792,65797,65799,65858,65864,65867,65974,65976,65991,65994,66000,66002,66006,66154,66157,66218,66221,66224,66245,66250,66254,66265,66268,66270,66275,66278,66286,66291,66297,66300,66306,66314,66316,66336],[10,65018,54504,65020,11490],{"id":65019},"python-list-index-method",[15,65021,59127],{},[20,65023,65024,65027],{},[15,65025,65026],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65029,65030,65031,65034,65035,507],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3924,65032,65033],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65036,573],{},[32,65038,3792],{"id":3791},[37,65040,65042],{"className":39,"code":65041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65043,65044,65076,65099],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65045,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066,65068,65070,65072,65074],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65047,1398],{"class":52},[46,65049,57],{"class":56},[46,65051,61],{"class":60},[46,65053,427],{"class":426},[46,65055,756],{"class":430},[46,65057,427],{"class":426},[46,65059,68],{"class":60},[46,65061,438],{"class":426},[46,65063,450],{"class":430},[46,65065,427],{"class":426},[46,65067,68],{"class":60},[46,65069,438],{"class":426},[46,65071,765],{"class":430},[46,65073,427],{"class":426},[46,65075,84],{"class":60},[46,65077,65078,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65079,65080],{"class":52},"position ",[46,65082,57],{"class":56},[46,65084,6137],{"class":52},[46,65086,507],{"class":60},[46,65088,36016],{"class":102},[46,65090,94],{"class":60},[46,65092,427],{"class":426},[46,65094,450],{"class":430},[46,65096,427],{"class":426},[46,65098,215],{"class":60},[46,65100,65101,65103,65105,65108,65110],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,65102,91],{"class":90},[46,65104,94],{"class":60},[46,65106,65107],{"class":102},"position",[46,65109,1592],{"class":60},[46,65111,27947],{"class":3845},[20,65113,160,65114,65117,65118,65120],{},[15,65115,65116],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65119,573],{}," if the item is not found.",[32,65122,167,65124,170],{"id":65123},"what-listindex-does",[15,65125,65026],{},[20,65127,65128,198],{},[15,65129,65026],{},[172,65131,65132,65135,65138,65143],{},[175,65133,65134],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[175,65136,65137],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[175,65139,65140,65141],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65142,554],{},[175,65144,65145],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65147,54729,65148,507],{},[501,65149,52934],{"href":54732},[32,65151,2343],{"id":2342},[20,65153,30893],{},[37,65155,65157],{"className":39,"code":65156,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65158,65159],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65160,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65162,8511],{"class":52},[46,65164,507],{"class":60},[46,65166,36016],{"class":102},[46,65168,94],{"class":60},[46,65170,2659],{"class":102},[46,65172,215],{"class":60},[20,65174,65175],{},"You can also limit the search:",[37,65177,65179],{"className":39,"code":65178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65180,65181],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65182,65183,65185,65187,65189,65191,65193,65195,65197,65199,65202],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65184,8511],{"class":52},[46,65186,507],{"class":60},[46,65188,36016],{"class":102},[46,65190,94],{"class":60},[46,65192,2659],{"class":102},[46,65194,68],{"class":60},[46,65196,36220],{"class":102},[46,65198,68],{"class":60},[46,65200,65201],{"class":102}," end",[46,65203,215],{"class":60},[20,65205,65206],{},"Here is what each part means:",[172,65208,65209,65214,65219,65224],{},[175,65210,65211,65213],{},[15,65212,2659],{},": the item to search for",[175,65215,65216,65218],{},[15,65217,36241],{},": where the search begins",[175,65220,65221,65223],{},[15,65222,52823],{},": where the search stops",[175,65225,65226,4958,65228,65231],{},[15,65227,52823],{},[3924,65229,65230],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65233,65234,65235,65237,65238,507],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65236,36241],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65239,52823],{},[32,65241,38186],{"id":38185},[20,65243,65244,65246],{},[15,65245,65026],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65248,65249,65250,65253],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3924,65251,65252],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65255,2393],{},[37,65257,65259],{"className":39,"code":65258,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65260,65261,65281,65299,65303],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65262,65263,65265,65267,65269,65271,65273,65275,65277,65279],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65264,53],{"class":52},[46,65266,57],{"class":56},[46,65268,61],{"class":60},[46,65270,1494],{"class":64},[46,65272,68],{"class":60},[46,65274,7962],{"class":64},[46,65276,68],{"class":60},[46,65278,7967],{"class":64},[46,65280,84],{"class":60},[46,65282,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295,65297],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65284,2416],{"class":52},[46,65286,57],{"class":56},[46,65288,4437],{"class":52},[46,65290,507],{"class":60},[46,65292,36016],{"class":102},[46,65294,94],{"class":60},[46,65296,1501],{"class":64},[46,65298,215],{"class":60},[46,65300,65301],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,65302,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,65304,65305,65307,65309,65311],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,65306,91],{"class":90},[46,65308,94],{"class":60},[46,65310,2451],{"class":102},[46,65312,215],{"class":60},[20,65314,143],{},[37,65316,65317],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,65318,65319],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65320,65321],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65322,153],{"class":64},[20,65324,65325,65326,65328],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65327,59127],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[32,65330,65332],{"id":65331},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65334,65335],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[37,65337,65339],{"className":39,"code":65338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65340,65341,65373,65395,65399],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65342,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65344,36408],{"class":52},[46,65346,57],{"class":56},[46,65348,61],{"class":60},[46,65350,427],{"class":426},[46,65352,756],{"class":430},[46,65354,427],{"class":426},[46,65356,68],{"class":60},[46,65358,438],{"class":426},[46,65360,450],{"class":430},[46,65362,427],{"class":426},[46,65364,68],{"class":60},[46,65366,438],{"class":426},[46,65368,765],{"class":430},[46,65370,427],{"class":426},[46,65372,84],{"class":60},[46,65374,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65385,65387,65389,65391,65393],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65376,65080],{"class":52},[46,65378,57],{"class":56},[46,65380,53014],{"class":52},[46,65382,507],{"class":60},[46,65384,36016],{"class":102},[46,65386,94],{"class":60},[46,65388,427],{"class":426},[46,65390,765],{"class":430},[46,65392,427],{"class":426},[46,65394,215],{"class":60},[46,65396,65397],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,65398,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,65400,65401,65403,65405,65407],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,65402,91],{"class":90},[46,65404,94],{"class":60},[46,65406,65107],{"class":102},[46,65408,215],{"class":60},[20,65410,143],{},[37,65412,65413],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,65414,65415],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65416,65417],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65418,17222],{"class":64},[20,65420,65421],{},"In this list:",[172,65423,65424,65431,65438],{},[175,65425,65426,65428,65429],{},[15,65427,57994],{}," is at index ",[15,65430,554],{},[175,65432,65433,65428,65436],{},[15,65434,65435],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65437,3175],{},[175,65439,65440,65428,65443],{},[15,65441,65442],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65444,2243],{},[20,65446,53816,65447,2583,65450,507],{},[15,65448,65449],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65451,2243],{},[20,65453,51706,65454,507],{},[501,65455,65457],{"href":65456},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[32,65459,65461],{"id":65460},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65463,65464,65465,65467],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65466,59127],{}," returns the first match only.",[37,65469,65471],{"className":39,"code":65470,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65472,65473,65513,65517],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65474,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483,65485,65487,65489,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509,65511],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65476,13243],{"class":52},[46,65478,57],{"class":56},[46,65480,61],{"class":60},[46,65482,427],{"class":426},[46,65484,13260],{"class":430},[46,65486,427],{"class":426},[46,65488,68],{"class":60},[46,65490,438],{"class":426},[46,65492,13277],{"class":430},[46,65494,427],{"class":426},[46,65496,68],{"class":60},[46,65498,438],{"class":426},[46,65500,13260],{"class":430},[46,65502,427],{"class":426},[46,65504,68],{"class":60},[46,65506,438],{"class":426},[46,65508,17622],{"class":430},[46,65510,427],{"class":426},[46,65512,84],{"class":60},[46,65514,65515],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65516,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,65518,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531,65533,65535,65537],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,65520,91],{"class":90},[46,65522,94],{"class":60},[46,65524,17669],{"class":102},[46,65526,507],{"class":60},[46,65528,36016],{"class":102},[46,65530,94],{"class":60},[46,65532,427],{"class":426},[46,65534,13260],{"class":430},[46,65536,427],{"class":426},[46,65538,106],{"class":60},[20,65540,143],{},[37,65542,65543],{"className":39,"code":561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,65544,65545],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65546,65547],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65548,561],{"class":64},[20,65550,21145,65551,65554,65555,65557],{},[15,65552,65553],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65556,554],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65559,65560,65561,507],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[501,65562,55682,65563,10910],{"href":59186},[15,65564,57452],{},[32,65566,578,65568,2051,65570],{"id":65567},"using-start-and-end",[15,65569,36241],{},[15,65571,52823],{},[20,65573,65574,65575,2051,65577,65579],{},"The optional ",[15,65576,36241],{},[15,65578,52823],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[37,65581,65583],{"className":39,"code":65582,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65584,65585,65633,65637,65662,65691],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65586,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65588,36259],{"class":52},[46,65590,57],{"class":56},[46,65592,61],{"class":60},[46,65594,427],{"class":426},[46,65596,501],{"class":430},[46,65598,427],{"class":426},[46,65600,68],{"class":60},[46,65602,438],{"class":426},[46,65604,4935],{"class":430},[46,65606,427],{"class":426},[46,65608,68],{"class":60},[46,65610,438],{"class":426},[46,65612,9908],{"class":430},[46,65614,427],{"class":426},[46,65616,68],{"class":60},[46,65618,438],{"class":426},[46,65620,4935],{"class":430},[46,65622,427],{"class":426},[46,65624,68],{"class":60},[46,65626,438],{"class":426},[46,65628,18935],{"class":430},[46,65630,427],{"class":426},[46,65632,84],{"class":60},[46,65634,65635],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65636,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,65638,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657,65659],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,65640,91],{"class":90},[46,65642,94],{"class":60},[46,65644,36312],{"class":102},[46,65646,507],{"class":60},[46,65648,36016],{"class":102},[46,65650,94],{"class":60},[46,65652,427],{"class":426},[46,65654,4935],{"class":430},[46,65656,427],{"class":426},[46,65658,5533],{"class":60},[46,65660,65661],{"class":3845},"        # first match\n",[46,65663,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65674,65676,65678,65680,65682,65684,65686,65688],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,65665,91],{"class":90},[46,65667,94],{"class":60},[46,65669,36312],{"class":102},[46,65671,507],{"class":60},[46,65673,36016],{"class":102},[46,65675,94],{"class":60},[46,65677,427],{"class":426},[46,65679,4935],{"class":430},[46,65681,427],{"class":426},[46,65683,68],{"class":60},[46,65685,71],{"class":64},[46,65687,5533],{"class":60},[46,65689,65690],{"class":3845},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[46,65692,65693,65695,65697,65699,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715,65717,65719,65721],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,65694,91],{"class":90},[46,65696,94],{"class":60},[46,65698,36312],{"class":102},[46,65700,507],{"class":60},[46,65702,36016],{"class":102},[46,65704,94],{"class":60},[46,65706,427],{"class":426},[46,65708,4935],{"class":430},[46,65710,427],{"class":426},[46,65712,68],{"class":60},[46,65714,81],{"class":64},[46,65716,68],{"class":60},[46,65718,2643],{"class":64},[46,65720,5533],{"class":60},[46,65722,65723],{"class":3845},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65725,143],{},[37,65727,65729],{"className":39,"code":65728,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65730,65731,65735,65739],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65732,65733],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65734,153],{"class":64},[46,65736,65737],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65738,46782],{"class":64},[46,65740,65741],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,65742,153],{"class":64},[20,65744,65745],{},"How this works:",[172,65747,65748,65760,65773],{},[175,65749,65750,65753,65754,65757,65758],{},[15,65751,65752],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65755,65756],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65759,3175],{},[175,65761,65762,65765,65766,65768,65769,65757,65771],{},[15,65763,65764],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65767,2243],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65770,65756],{},[15,65772,2249],{},[175,65774,65775,65778,65779,2374,65781,17238,65783],{},[15,65776,65777],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65780,3175],{},[15,65782,2243],{},[15,65784,2249],{},[20,65786,65787],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[32,65789,65791],{"id":65790},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65793,65794,65795,507],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65796,573],{},[20,65798,2393],{},[37,65800,65802],{"className":39,"code":65801,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65803,65804,65836],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65805,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828,65830,65832,65834],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65807,1398],{"class":52},[46,65809,57],{"class":56},[46,65811,61],{"class":60},[46,65813,427],{"class":426},[46,65815,756],{"class":430},[46,65817,427],{"class":426},[46,65819,68],{"class":60},[46,65821,438],{"class":426},[46,65823,450],{"class":430},[46,65825,427],{"class":426},[46,65827,68],{"class":60},[46,65829,438],{"class":426},[46,65831,765],{"class":430},[46,65833,427],{"class":426},[46,65835,84],{"class":60},[46,65837,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65839,91],{"class":90},[46,65841,94],{"class":60},[46,65843,1415],{"class":102},[46,65845,507],{"class":60},[46,65847,36016],{"class":102},[46,65849,94],{"class":60},[46,65851,427],{"class":426},[46,65853,33389],{"class":430},[46,65855,427],{"class":426},[46,65857,106],{"class":60},[20,65859,39819,65860,65863],{},[15,65861,65862],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65865,65866],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[37,65868,65870],{"className":39,"code":65869,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65871,65872,65904,65917,65921,65934,65953,65959],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65873,65874,65876,65878,65880,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896,65898,65900,65902],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65875,1398],{"class":52},[46,65877,57],{"class":56},[46,65879,61],{"class":60},[46,65881,427],{"class":426},[46,65883,756],{"class":430},[46,65885,427],{"class":426},[46,65887,68],{"class":60},[46,65889,438],{"class":426},[46,65891,450],{"class":430},[46,65893,427],{"class":426},[46,65895,68],{"class":60},[46,65897,438],{"class":426},[46,65899,765],{"class":430},[46,65901,427],{"class":426},[46,65903,84],{"class":60},[46,65905,65906,65909,65911,65913,65915],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,65907,65908],{"class":52},"search_value ",[46,65910,57],{"class":56},[46,65912,438],{"class":426},[46,65914,33389],{"class":430},[46,65916,3544],{"class":426},[46,65918,65919],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,65920,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,65922,65923,65925,65928,65930,65932],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,65924,7170],{"class":1595},[46,65926,65927],{"class":52}," search_value ",[46,65929,1602],{"class":56},[46,65931,6137],{"class":52},[46,65933,6566],{"class":60},[46,65935,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65951],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,65937,8240],{"class":90},[46,65939,94],{"class":60},[46,65941,1415],{"class":102},[46,65943,507],{"class":60},[46,65945,36016],{"class":102},[46,65947,94],{"class":60},[46,65949,65950],{"class":102},"search_value",[46,65952,106],{"class":60},[46,65954,65955,65957],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,65956,27601],{"class":1595},[46,65958,6566],{"class":60},[46,65960,65961,65963,65965,65967,65970,65972],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,65962,8240],{"class":90},[46,65964,94],{"class":60},[46,65966,427],{"class":426},[46,65968,65969],{"class":430},"Item not found",[46,65971,427],{"class":426},[46,65973,215],{"class":60},[20,65975,143],{},[37,65977,65979],{"className":39,"code":65978,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Item not found\n",[15,65980,65981],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,65982,65983,65986,65988],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,65984,65985],{"class":52},"Item ",[46,65987,4805],{"class":56},[46,65989,65990],{"class":52}," found\n",[20,65992,65993],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65995,65996,65997,507],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[501,65998,1368],{"href":65999},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes",[32,66001,4693],{"id":4692},[20,66003,21379,66004,198],{},[15,66005,65026],{},[172,66007,66008,66026,66038,66098],{},[175,66009,25942,66010,2583,66012,66015,66016,66018,66019,5333,66021,66023,66024,507],{},[15,66011,59127],{},[15,66013,66014],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[10015,66017],{},"\nPython does ",[3924,66020,4805],{},[15,66022,66014],{},". It raises ",[15,66025,573],{},[175,66027,66028,66029,66031,66034,66035,66037],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[10015,66030],{},[15,66032,66033],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66036,65435],{},", not the value itself.",[175,66039,578,66040,11260,66043,66045,66047,66048,16821,66050,66073,16809,66075],{},[15,66041,66042],{},"index[]",[15,66044,59127],{},[10015,66046],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[10015,66049],{},[37,66051,66053],{"className":39,"code":66052,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66054,66055],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66056,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069,66071],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66058,1415],{"class":52},[46,66060,507],{"class":60},[46,66062,36016],{"class":102},[46,66064,94],{"class":60},[46,66066,427],{"class":426},[46,66068,450],{"class":430},[46,66070,427],{"class":426},[46,66072,215],{"class":60},[10015,66074],{},[37,66076,66078],{"className":39,"code":66077,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66079,66080],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66081,66082,66084,66086,66088,66090,66092,66094,66096],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66083,1415],{"class":52},[46,66085,507],{"class":60},[46,66087,36016],{"class":1774},[46,66089,1152],{"class":60},[46,66091,427],{"class":426},[46,66093,450],{"class":430},[46,66095,427],{"class":426},[46,66097,84],{"class":60},[175,66099,66100,66101,66103,2051,66106,66108,66109],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[10015,66102],{},[15,66104,66105],{},"\"3\"",[15,66107,2249],{}," are different values in Python.",[37,66110,66112],{"className":39,"code":66111,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66113,66114,66134],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66115,66116,66118,66120,66122,66124,66126,66128,66130,66132],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66117,53],{"class":52},[46,66119,57],{"class":56},[46,66121,61],{"class":60},[46,66123,3175],{"class":64},[46,66125,68],{"class":60},[46,66127,71],{"class":64},[46,66129,68],{"class":60},[46,66131,312],{"class":64},[46,66133,84],{"class":60},[46,66135,66136,66138,66140,66142,66144,66146,66148,66150,66152],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66137,91],{"class":90},[46,66139,94],{"class":60},[46,66141,427],{"class":426},[46,66143,2249],{"class":430},[46,66145,427],{"class":426},[46,66147,21341],{"class":1595},[46,66149,4437],{"class":102},[46,66151,1592],{"class":60},[46,66153,4946],{"class":3845},[20,66155,66156],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[37,66158,66160],{"className":39,"code":66159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66161,66162,66172,66186,66200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66163,66164,66166,66168,66170],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66165,91],{"class":90},[46,66167,94],{"class":60},[46,66169,8511],{"class":102},[46,66171,215],{"class":60},[46,66173,66174,66176,66178,66180,66182,66184],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66175,91],{"class":90},[46,66177,94],{"class":60},[46,66179,1889],{"class":1270},[46,66181,94],{"class":60},[46,66183,65950],{"class":102},[46,66185,106],{"class":60},[46,66187,66188,66190,66192,66194,66196,66198],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,66189,91],{"class":90},[46,66191,94],{"class":60},[46,66193,65908],{"class":102},[46,66195,1602],{"class":1595},[46,66197,8568],{"class":102},[46,66199,215],{"class":60},[46,66201,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210,66212,66214,66216],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,66203,91],{"class":90},[46,66205,94],{"class":60},[46,66207,8511],{"class":102},[46,66209,507],{"class":60},[46,66211,36016],{"class":102},[46,66213,94],{"class":60},[46,66215,65950],{"class":102},[46,66217,106],{"class":60},[20,66219,66220],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66222,66223],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[172,66225,66226,66229,66236,66242],{},[175,66227,66228],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[175,66230,66231,66232,11260,66234],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66233,66105],{},[15,66235,2249],{},[175,66237,66238,66239,66241],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66240,59127],{}," returns only the first one",[175,66243,66244],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[32,66246,1794,66248],{"id":66247},"when-to-use-index",[15,66249,59127],{},[20,66251,160,66252,1801],{},[15,66253,59127],{},[172,66255,66256,66259,66262],{},[175,66257,66258],{},"You need the position of a known value",[175,66260,66261],{},"You are working with a small list",[175,66263,66264],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66266,66267],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[32,66269,1991],{"id":1990},[283,66271,1995,66273,1998],{"id":66272},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66274,65026],{},[20,66276,66277],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[283,66279,12872,66281,5333,66283,66285],{"id":66280},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66282,65026],{},[15,66284,66014],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66287,66288,66289,6803],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66290,573],{},[283,66292,2005,66294,66296],{"id":66293},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66295,65026],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66298,66299],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[283,66301,66303,66304,2035],{"id":66302},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66305,59127],{},[20,66307,66308,66309,2051,66311,66313],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66310,36241],{},[15,66312,52823],{}," arguments.",[32,66315,2065],{"id":2064},[172,66317,66318,66322,66326,66330],{},[175,66319,66320],{},[501,66321,2097],{"href":65456},[175,66323,66324],{},[501,66325,52934],{"href":54732},[175,66327,66328],{},[501,66329,1368],{"href":65999},[175,66331,66332],{},[501,66333,55682,66334,10910],{"href":59186},[15,66335,57452],{},[2103,66337,66338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":66340},[66341,66342,66344,66345,66346,66347,66348,66350,66351,66352,66354,66364],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":65123,"depth":87,"text":66343},"What list.index() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":38185,"depth":87,"text":38186},{"id":65331,"depth":87,"text":65332},{"id":65460,"depth":87,"text":65461},{"id":65567,"depth":87,"text":66349},"Using start and end",{"id":65790,"depth":87,"text":65791},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693},{"id":66247,"depth":87,"text":66353},"When to use index()",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":66355},[66356,66358,66360,66362],{"id":66272,"depth":109,"text":66357},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66280,"depth":109,"text":66359},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66293,"depth":109,"text":66361},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66302,"depth":109,"text":66363},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":65014,"description":66365},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66372,"title":66373,"body":66374,"description":68316,"extension":2150,"meta":68317,"navigation":112,"path":68318,"seo":68319,"stem":68320,"__hash__":68321},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66375,"toc":68276},[66376,66381,66386,66389,66398,66455,66461,66466,66470,66484,66490,66492,66515,66532,66534,66595,66597,66629,66642,66644,66647,66747,66749,66827,66833,66837,66845,66849,66855,66910,66912,66936,66940,66943,66996,66998,67022,67026,67029,67082,67084,67108,67112,67118,67189,67191,67232,67238,67245,67248,67253,67261,67266,67274,67276,67373,67375,67444,67451,67456,67458,67462,67467,67469,67540,67542,67571,67577,67579,67606,67609,67632,67636,67639,67661,67664,67687,67689,67749,67751,67783,67789,67794,67847,67849,67874,67877,67926,67928,67949,67953,67958,67961,68016,68018,68045,68052,68056,68061,68132,68135,68149,68154,68159,68161,68175,68187,68192,68194,68199,68204,68208,68211,68217,68223,68230,68238,68240,68273],[10,66377,54504,66379,11490],{"id":66378},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66380,54430],{},[20,66382,66383,66385],{},[15,66384,54074],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66387,66388],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66390,160,66391,66393,66394,507],{},[15,66392,54430],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[501,66395,55682,66396,10910],{"href":56931},[15,66397,52815],{},[37,66399,66401],{"className":39,"code":66400,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66402,66403,66423,66441,66451],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66404,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66406,53],{"class":52},[46,66408,57],{"class":56},[46,66410,61],{"class":60},[46,66412,3175],{"class":64},[46,66414,68],{"class":60},[46,66416,71],{"class":64},[46,66418,68],{"class":60},[46,66420,2643],{"class":64},[46,66422,84],{"class":60},[46,66424,66425,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66426,103],{"class":52},[46,66428,507],{"class":60},[46,66430,54114],{"class":102},[46,66432,94],{"class":60},[46,66434,2243],{"class":64},[46,66436,68],{"class":60},[46,66438,312],{"class":64},[46,66440,215],{"class":60},[46,66442,66443,66445,66447,66449],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,66444,91],{"class":90},[46,66446,94],{"class":60},[46,66448,103],{"class":102},[46,66450,215],{"class":60},[46,66452,66453],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,66454,52886],{"class":3845},[20,66456,160,66457,66460],{},[15,66458,66459],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[32,66462,167,66464,170],{"id":66463},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66465,54074],{},[20,66467,66468,198],{},[15,66469,54074],{},[172,66471,66472,66475,66478,66480],{},[175,66473,66474],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[175,66476,66477],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[175,66479,54590],{},[175,66481,11592,66482],{},[15,66483,1326],{},[20,66485,66486,66487,66489],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66488,54430],{}," does not create a new list.",[32,66491,5603],{"id":5602},[37,66493,66495],{"className":39,"code":66494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66496,66497],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66498,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509,66511,66513],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66500,8511],{"class":52},[46,66502,507],{"class":60},[46,66504,54114],{"class":102},[46,66506,94],{"class":60},[46,66508,36016],{"class":102},[46,66510,68],{"class":60},[46,66512,29674],{"class":102},[46,66514,215],{"class":60},[172,66516,66517,66522,66527],{},[175,66518,66519,66521],{},[15,66520,36016],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[175,66523,66524,66526],{},[15,66525,23478],{}," is the value to add",[175,66528,66529,66530],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66531,554],{},[20,66533,2393],{},[37,66535,66537],{"className":39,"code":66536,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66538,66539,66563,66585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66540,66541,66543,66545,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66542,36259],{"class":52},[46,66544,57],{"class":56},[46,66546,61],{"class":60},[46,66548,427],{"class":426},[46,66550,501],{"class":430},[46,66552,427],{"class":426},[46,66554,68],{"class":60},[46,66556,438],{"class":426},[46,66558,9908],{"class":430},[46,66560,427],{"class":426},[46,66562,84],{"class":60},[46,66564,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66566,36312],{"class":52},[46,66568,507],{"class":60},[46,66570,54114],{"class":102},[46,66572,94],{"class":60},[46,66574,3175],{"class":64},[46,66576,68],{"class":60},[46,66578,438],{"class":426},[46,66580,4935],{"class":430},[46,66582,427],{"class":426},[46,66584,215],{"class":60},[46,66586,66587,66589,66591,66593],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,66588,91],{"class":90},[46,66590,94],{"class":60},[46,66592,36312],{"class":102},[46,66594,215],{"class":60},[20,66596,143],{},[37,66598,66599],{"className":39,"code":43039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,66600,66601],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66602,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66604,1152],{"class":60},[46,66606,1188],{"class":426},[46,66608,501],{"class":430},[46,66610,1188],{"class":426},[46,66612,68],{"class":60},[46,66614,1197],{"class":426},[46,66616,4935],{"class":430},[46,66618,1188],{"class":426},[46,66620,68],{"class":60},[46,66622,1197],{"class":426},[46,66624,9908],{"class":430},[46,66626,1188],{"class":426},[46,66628,84],{"class":60},[20,66630,20938,66631,66633,66634,66636,66637,2051,66639,507],{},[15,66632,65756],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66635,3175],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66638,18263],{},[15,66640,66641],{},"\"c\"",[32,66643,5958],{"id":5957},[20,66645,66646],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[37,66648,66650],{"className":39,"code":66649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66651,66652,66684,66702,66706,66728],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66653,66654,66656,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66655,13243],{"class":52},[46,66657,57],{"class":56},[46,66659,61],{"class":60},[46,66661,427],{"class":426},[46,66663,13260],{"class":430},[46,66665,427],{"class":426},[46,66667,68],{"class":60},[46,66669,438],{"class":426},[46,66671,13277],{"class":430},[46,66673,427],{"class":426},[46,66675,68],{"class":60},[46,66677,438],{"class":426},[46,66679,17622],{"class":430},[46,66681,427],{"class":426},[46,66683,84],{"class":60},[46,66685,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66687,91],{"class":90},[46,66689,94],{"class":60},[46,66691,427],{"class":426},[46,66693,11732],{"class":430},[46,66695,427],{"class":426},[46,66697,68],{"class":60},[46,66699,13291],{"class":102},[46,66701,215],{"class":60},[46,66703,66704],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,66705,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,66707,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,66709,17669],{"class":52},[46,66711,507],{"class":60},[46,66713,54114],{"class":102},[46,66715,94],{"class":60},[46,66717,3175],{"class":64},[46,66719,68],{"class":60},[46,66721,438],{"class":426},[46,66723,22691],{"class":430},[46,66725,427],{"class":426},[46,66727,215],{"class":60},[46,66729,66730,66732,66734,66736,66739,66741,66743,66745],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,66731,91],{"class":90},[46,66733,94],{"class":60},[46,66735,427],{"class":426},[46,66737,66738],{"class":430},"After: ",[46,66740,427],{"class":426},[46,66742,68],{"class":60},[46,66744,13291],{"class":102},[46,66746,215],{"class":60},[20,66748,143],{},[37,66750,66752],{"className":39,"code":66751,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66753,66754,66786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66755,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66757,11792],{"class":52},[46,66759,198],{"class":60},[46,66761,61],{"class":60},[46,66763,1188],{"class":426},[46,66765,13260],{"class":430},[46,66767,1188],{"class":426},[46,66769,68],{"class":60},[46,66771,1197],{"class":426},[46,66773,13277],{"class":430},[46,66775,1188],{"class":426},[46,66777,68],{"class":60},[46,66779,1197],{"class":426},[46,66781,17622],{"class":430},[46,66783,1188],{"class":426},[46,66785,84],{"class":60},[46,66787,66788,66790,66792,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66789,11845],{"class":52},[46,66791,198],{"class":60},[46,66793,66794],{"class":60},"  [",[46,66796,1188],{"class":426},[46,66798,13260],{"class":430},[46,66800,1188],{"class":426},[46,66802,68],{"class":60},[46,66804,1197],{"class":426},[46,66806,22691],{"class":430},[46,66808,1188],{"class":426},[46,66810,68],{"class":60},[46,66812,1197],{"class":426},[46,66814,13277],{"class":430},[46,66816,1188],{"class":426},[46,66818,68],{"class":60},[46,66820,1197],{"class":426},[46,66822,17622],{"class":430},[46,66824,1188],{"class":426},[46,66826,84],{"class":60},[20,66828,66829,66830,66832],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66831,3175],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[32,66834,66836],{"id":66835},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66838,882,66839,35499,66841,66844],{},[15,66840,36016],{},[15,66842,66843],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[283,66846,66848],{"id":66847},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66850,66851,66852,66854],{},"Use index ",[15,66853,554],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[37,66856,66858],{"className":39,"code":66857,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66859,66860,66881,66900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66861,66862,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66863,66864],{"class":52},"nums ",[46,66866,57],{"class":56},[46,66868,61],{"class":60},[46,66870,2243],{"class":64},[46,66872,68],{"class":60},[46,66874,312],{"class":64},[46,66876,68],{"class":60},[46,66878,2643],{"class":64},[46,66880,84],{"class":60},[46,66882,66883,66886,66888,66890,66892,66894,66896,66898],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66884,66885],{"class":52},"nums",[46,66887,507],{"class":60},[46,66889,54114],{"class":102},[46,66891,94],{"class":60},[46,66893,554],{"class":64},[46,66895,68],{"class":60},[46,66897,81],{"class":64},[46,66899,215],{"class":60},[46,66901,66902,66904,66906,66908],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,66903,91],{"class":90},[46,66905,94],{"class":60},[46,66907,66885],{"class":102},[46,66909,215],{"class":60},[20,66911,143],{},[37,66913,66914],{"className":39,"code":53668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,66915,66916],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66917,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66919,1152],{"class":60},[46,66921,3175],{"class":64},[46,66923,68],{"class":60},[46,66925,71],{"class":64},[46,66927,68],{"class":60},[46,66929,312],{"class":64},[46,66931,68],{"class":60},[46,66933,2643],{"class":64},[46,66935,84],{"class":60},[283,66937,66939],{"id":66938},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66941,66942],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[37,66944,66946],{"className":39,"code":66945,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66947,66948,66968,66986],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,66949,66950,66952,66954,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,66951,66864],{"class":52},[46,66953,57],{"class":56},[46,66955,61],{"class":60},[46,66957,3175],{"class":64},[46,66959,68],{"class":60},[46,66961,71],{"class":64},[46,66963,68],{"class":60},[46,66965,2643],{"class":64},[46,66967,84],{"class":60},[46,66969,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980,66982,66984],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,66971,66885],{"class":52},[46,66973,507],{"class":60},[46,66975,54114],{"class":102},[46,66977,94],{"class":60},[46,66979,2243],{"class":64},[46,66981,68],{"class":60},[46,66983,312],{"class":64},[46,66985,215],{"class":60},[46,66987,66988,66990,66992,66994],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,66989,91],{"class":90},[46,66991,94],{"class":60},[46,66993,66885],{"class":102},[46,66995,215],{"class":60},[20,66997,143],{},[37,66999,67000],{"className":39,"code":53668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,67001,67002],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67003,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67005,1152],{"class":60},[46,67007,3175],{"class":64},[46,67009,68],{"class":60},[46,67011,71],{"class":64},[46,67013,68],{"class":60},[46,67015,312],{"class":64},[46,67017,68],{"class":60},[46,67019,2643],{"class":64},[46,67021,84],{"class":60},[283,67023,67025],{"id":67024},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67027,67028],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[37,67030,67032],{"className":39,"code":67031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67033,67034,67054,67072],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67035,67036,67038,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67037,66864],{"class":52},[46,67039,57],{"class":56},[46,67041,61],{"class":60},[46,67043,3175],{"class":64},[46,67045,68],{"class":60},[46,67047,71],{"class":64},[46,67049,68],{"class":60},[46,67051,312],{"class":64},[46,67053,84],{"class":60},[46,67055,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068,67070],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67057,66885],{"class":52},[46,67059,507],{"class":60},[46,67061,54114],{"class":102},[46,67063,94],{"class":60},[46,67065,1494],{"class":64},[46,67067,68],{"class":60},[46,67069,2643],{"class":64},[46,67071,215],{"class":60},[46,67073,67074,67076,67078,67080],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,67075,91],{"class":90},[46,67077,94],{"class":60},[46,67079,66885],{"class":102},[46,67081,215],{"class":60},[20,67083,143],{},[37,67085,67086],{"className":39,"code":53668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,67087,67088],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67089,67090,67092,67094,67096,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67091,1152],{"class":60},[46,67093,3175],{"class":64},[46,67095,68],{"class":60},[46,67097,71],{"class":64},[46,67099,68],{"class":60},[46,67101,312],{"class":64},[46,67103,68],{"class":60},[46,67105,2643],{"class":64},[46,67107,84],{"class":60},[283,67109,67111],{"id":67110},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67113,67114,67115,67117],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67116,54430],{}," places the item before that position.",[37,67119,67121],{"className":39,"code":67120,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67122,67123,67155,67179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67124,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145,67147,67149,67151,67153],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67126,36259],{"class":52},[46,67128,57],{"class":56},[46,67130,61],{"class":60},[46,67132,427],{"class":426},[46,67134,501],{"class":430},[46,67136,427],{"class":426},[46,67138,68],{"class":60},[46,67140,438],{"class":426},[46,67142,4935],{"class":430},[46,67144,427],{"class":426},[46,67146,68],{"class":60},[46,67148,438],{"class":426},[46,67150,18935],{"class":430},[46,67152,427],{"class":426},[46,67154,84],{"class":60},[46,67156,67157,67159,67161,67163,67165,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67158,36312],{"class":52},[46,67160,507],{"class":60},[46,67162,54114],{"class":102},[46,67164,94],{"class":60},[46,67166,2208],{"class":56},[46,67168,3175],{"class":64},[46,67170,68],{"class":60},[46,67172,438],{"class":426},[46,67174,9908],{"class":430},[46,67176,427],{"class":426},[46,67178,215],{"class":60},[46,67180,67181,67183,67185,67187],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,67182,91],{"class":90},[46,67184,94],{"class":60},[46,67186,36312],{"class":102},[46,67188,215],{"class":60},[20,67190,143],{},[37,67192,67194],{"className":39,"code":67193,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67195,67196],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67199,1152],{"class":60},[46,67201,1188],{"class":426},[46,67203,501],{"class":430},[46,67205,1188],{"class":426},[46,67207,68],{"class":60},[46,67209,1197],{"class":426},[46,67211,4935],{"class":430},[46,67213,1188],{"class":426},[46,67215,68],{"class":60},[46,67217,1197],{"class":426},[46,67219,9908],{"class":430},[46,67221,1188],{"class":426},[46,67223,68],{"class":60},[46,67225,1197],{"class":426},[46,67227,18935],{"class":430},[46,67229,1188],{"class":426},[46,67231,84],{"class":60},[20,67233,67234,67235,2491],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[501,67236,67237],{"href":51143},"Python lists beginner guide",[32,67239,67241,10755,67243],{"id":67240},"insert-vs-append",[15,67242,54430],{},[15,67244,52815],{},[20,67246,67247],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[283,67249,160,67251,1801],{"id":67250},"use-insert-when",[15,67252,54430],{},[172,67254,67255,67258],{},[175,67256,67257],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[175,67259,67260],{},"The order of the list matters",[283,67262,160,67264,1801],{"id":67263},"use-append-when",[15,67265,52815],{},[172,67267,67268,67271],{},[175,67269,67270],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[175,67272,67273],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67275,2393],{},[37,67277,67279],{"className":39,"code":67278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67280,67281,67305,67309,67331,67341,67345,67363],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67282,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67284,1398],{"class":52},[46,67286,57],{"class":56},[46,67288,61],{"class":60},[46,67290,427],{"class":426},[46,67292,756],{"class":430},[46,67294,427],{"class":426},[46,67296,68],{"class":60},[46,67298,438],{"class":426},[46,67300,33389],{"class":430},[46,67302,427],{"class":426},[46,67304,84],{"class":60},[46,67306,67307],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67308,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,67310,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,67312,1415],{"class":52},[46,67314,507],{"class":60},[46,67316,54114],{"class":102},[46,67318,94],{"class":60},[46,67320,3175],{"class":64},[46,67322,68],{"class":60},[46,67324,438],{"class":426},[46,67326,450],{"class":430},[46,67328,427],{"class":426},[46,67330,215],{"class":60},[46,67332,67333,67335,67337,67339],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,67334,91],{"class":90},[46,67336,94],{"class":60},[46,67338,1415],{"class":102},[46,67340,215],{"class":60},[46,67342,67343],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,67344,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,67346,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357,67359,67361],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,67348,1415],{"class":52},[46,67350,507],{"class":60},[46,67352,13720],{"class":102},[46,67354,94],{"class":60},[46,67356,427],{"class":426},[46,67358,22700],{"class":430},[46,67360,427],{"class":426},[46,67362,215],{"class":60},[46,67364,67365,67367,67369,67371],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,67366,91],{"class":90},[46,67368,94],{"class":60},[46,67370,1415],{"class":102},[46,67372,215],{"class":60},[20,67374,143],{},[37,67376,67378],{"className":39,"code":67377,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67379,67380,67408],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67381,67382,67384,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404,67406],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67383,1152],{"class":60},[46,67385,1188],{"class":426},[46,67387,756],{"class":430},[46,67389,1188],{"class":426},[46,67391,68],{"class":60},[46,67393,1197],{"class":426},[46,67395,450],{"class":430},[46,67397,1188],{"class":426},[46,67399,68],{"class":60},[46,67401,1197],{"class":426},[46,67403,33389],{"class":430},[46,67405,1188],{"class":426},[46,67407,84],{"class":60},[46,67409,67410,67412,67414,67416,67418,67420,67422,67424,67426,67428,67430,67432,67434,67436,67438,67440,67442],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67411,1152],{"class":60},[46,67413,1188],{"class":426},[46,67415,756],{"class":430},[46,67417,1188],{"class":426},[46,67419,68],{"class":60},[46,67421,1197],{"class":426},[46,67423,450],{"class":430},[46,67425,1188],{"class":426},[46,67427,68],{"class":60},[46,67429,1197],{"class":426},[46,67431,33389],{"class":430},[46,67433,1188],{"class":426},[46,67435,68],{"class":60},[46,67437,1197],{"class":426},[46,67439,22700],{"class":430},[46,67441,1188],{"class":426},[46,67443,84],{"class":60},[20,67445,67446,67447,507],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[501,67448,55682,67449,10910],{"href":56931},[15,67450,52815],{},[20,67452,67453,67454,507],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[501,67455,53212],{"href":53211},[32,67457,4693],{"id":4692},[20,67459,14900,67460,507],{},[15,67461,54430],{},[283,67463,12762,67465],{"id":67464},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67466,54430],{},[20,67468,25858],{},[37,67470,67472],{"className":39,"code":67471,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67473,67474,67494,67516,67520,67530],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67475,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67477,53],{"class":52},[46,67479,57],{"class":56},[46,67481,61],{"class":60},[46,67483,3175],{"class":64},[46,67485,68],{"class":60},[46,67487,71],{"class":64},[46,67489,68],{"class":60},[46,67491,312],{"class":64},[46,67493,84],{"class":60},[46,67495,67496,67498,67500,67502,67504,67506,67508,67510,67512,67514],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67497,2416],{"class":52},[46,67499,57],{"class":56},[46,67501,4437],{"class":52},[46,67503,507],{"class":60},[46,67505,54114],{"class":102},[46,67507,94],{"class":60},[46,67509,3175],{"class":64},[46,67511,68],{"class":60},[46,67513,10366],{"class":64},[46,67515,215],{"class":60},[46,67517,67518],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,67519,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,67521,67522,67524,67526,67528],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,67523,91],{"class":90},[46,67525,94],{"class":60},[46,67527,2451],{"class":102},[46,67529,215],{"class":60},[46,67531,67532,67534,67536,67538],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,67533,91],{"class":90},[46,67535,94],{"class":60},[46,67537,103],{"class":102},[46,67539,215],{"class":60},[20,67541,143],{},[37,67543,67545],{"className":39,"code":67544,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67546,67547,67551],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67548,67549],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67550,1333],{"class":1325},[46,67552,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67554,1152],{"class":60},[46,67556,3175],{"class":64},[46,67558,68],{"class":60},[46,67560,10366],{"class":64},[46,67562,68],{"class":60},[46,67564,71],{"class":64},[46,67566,68],{"class":60},[46,67568,312],{"class":64},[46,67570,84],{"class":60},[20,67572,67573,54315,67575,507],{},[15,67574,54430],{},[15,67576,1326],{},[20,67578,16809],{},[37,67580,67582],{"className":39,"code":67581,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67583,67584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67585,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600,67602,67604],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67587,56052],{"class":52},[46,67589,57],{"class":56},[46,67591,4437],{"class":52},[46,67593,507],{"class":60},[46,67595,54114],{"class":102},[46,67597,94],{"class":60},[46,67599,3175],{"class":64},[46,67601,68],{"class":60},[46,67603,10366],{"class":64},[46,67605,215],{"class":60},[20,67607,67608],{},"Right:",[37,67610,67612],{"className":39,"code":67611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67613,67614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67615,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67617,103],{"class":52},[46,67619,507],{"class":60},[46,67621,54114],{"class":102},[46,67623,94],{"class":60},[46,67625,3175],{"class":64},[46,67627,68],{"class":60},[46,67629,10366],{"class":64},[46,67631,215],{"class":60},[283,67633,67635],{"id":67634},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67637,67638],{},"The correct order is:",[37,67640,67641],{"className":39,"code":66494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,67642,67643],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67644,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655,67657,67659],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67646,8511],{"class":52},[46,67648,507],{"class":60},[46,67650,54114],{"class":102},[46,67652,94],{"class":60},[46,67654,36016],{"class":102},[46,67656,68],{"class":60},[46,67658,29674],{"class":102},[46,67660,215],{"class":60},[20,67662,67663],{},"Not:",[37,67665,67667],{"className":39,"code":67666,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67668,67669],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67670,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67685],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67672,8511],{"class":52},[46,67674,507],{"class":60},[46,67676,54114],{"class":102},[46,67678,94],{"class":60},[46,67680,23478],{"class":102},[46,67682,68],{"class":60},[46,67684,35991],{"class":102},[46,67686,215],{"class":60},[20,67688,2393],{},[37,67690,67691],{"className":39,"code":66536,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,67692,67693,67717,67739],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67694,67695,67697,67699,67701,67703,67705,67707,67709,67711,67713,67715],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67696,36259],{"class":52},[46,67698,57],{"class":56},[46,67700,61],{"class":60},[46,67702,427],{"class":426},[46,67704,501],{"class":430},[46,67706,427],{"class":426},[46,67708,68],{"class":60},[46,67710,438],{"class":426},[46,67712,9908],{"class":430},[46,67714,427],{"class":426},[46,67716,84],{"class":60},[46,67718,67719,67721,67723,67725,67727,67729,67731,67733,67735,67737],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67720,36312],{"class":52},[46,67722,507],{"class":60},[46,67724,54114],{"class":102},[46,67726,94],{"class":60},[46,67728,3175],{"class":64},[46,67730,68],{"class":60},[46,67732,438],{"class":426},[46,67734,4935],{"class":430},[46,67736,427],{"class":426},[46,67738,215],{"class":60},[46,67740,67741,67743,67745,67747],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,67742,91],{"class":90},[46,67744,94],{"class":60},[46,67746,36312],{"class":102},[46,67748,215],{"class":60},[20,67750,143],{},[37,67752,67753],{"className":39,"code":43039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,67754,67755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67756,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67758,1152],{"class":60},[46,67760,1188],{"class":426},[46,67762,501],{"class":430},[46,67764,1188],{"class":426},[46,67766,68],{"class":60},[46,67768,1197],{"class":426},[46,67770,4935],{"class":430},[46,67772,1188],{"class":426},[46,67774,68],{"class":60},[46,67776,1197],{"class":426},[46,67778,9908],{"class":430},[46,67780,1188],{"class":426},[46,67782,84],{"class":60},[283,67784,1853,67786,67788],{"id":67785},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67787,54430],{}," to replace an item",[20,67790,67791,67793],{},[15,67792,54430],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[37,67795,67797],{"className":39,"code":67796,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67798,67799,67819,67837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67800,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815,67817],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67802,53],{"class":52},[46,67804,57],{"class":56},[46,67806,61],{"class":60},[46,67808,3175],{"class":64},[46,67810,68],{"class":60},[46,67812,71],{"class":64},[46,67814,68],{"class":60},[46,67816,312],{"class":64},[46,67818,84],{"class":60},[46,67820,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829,67831,67833,67835],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67822,103],{"class":52},[46,67824,507],{"class":60},[46,67826,54114],{"class":102},[46,67828,94],{"class":60},[46,67830,3175],{"class":64},[46,67832,68],{"class":60},[46,67834,10366],{"class":64},[46,67836,215],{"class":60},[46,67838,67839,67841,67843,67845],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,67840,91],{"class":90},[46,67842,94],{"class":60},[46,67844,103],{"class":102},[46,67846,215],{"class":60},[20,67848,143],{},[37,67850,67852],{"className":39,"code":67851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67853,67854],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67855,67856,67858,67860,67862,67864,67866,67868,67870,67872],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67857,1152],{"class":60},[46,67859,3175],{"class":64},[46,67861,68],{"class":60},[46,67863,10366],{"class":64},[46,67865,68],{"class":60},[46,67867,71],{"class":64},[46,67869,68],{"class":60},[46,67871,312],{"class":64},[46,67873,84],{"class":60},[20,67875,67876],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[37,67878,67880],{"className":39,"code":67879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67881,67882,67902,67916],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67883,67884,67886,67888,67890,67892,67894,67896,67898,67900],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67885,53],{"class":52},[46,67887,57],{"class":56},[46,67889,61],{"class":60},[46,67891,3175],{"class":64},[46,67893,68],{"class":60},[46,67895,71],{"class":64},[46,67897,68],{"class":60},[46,67899,312],{"class":64},[46,67901,84],{"class":60},[46,67903,67904,67906,67908,67910,67912,67914],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67905,103],{"class":52},[46,67907,1152],{"class":60},[46,67909,3175],{"class":64},[46,67911,13441],{"class":60},[46,67913,13444],{"class":56},[46,67915,14298],{"class":64},[46,67917,67918,67920,67922,67924],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,67919,91],{"class":90},[46,67921,94],{"class":60},[46,67923,103],{"class":102},[46,67925,215],{"class":60},[20,67927,143],{},[37,67929,67931],{"className":39,"code":67930,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67932,67933],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67934,67935,67937,67939,67941,67943,67945,67947],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67936,1152],{"class":60},[46,67938,3175],{"class":64},[46,67940,68],{"class":60},[46,67942,10366],{"class":64},[46,67944,68],{"class":60},[46,67946,312],{"class":64},[46,67948,84],{"class":60},[283,67950,67952],{"id":67951},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67954,67955,67957],{},[15,67956,54430],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67959,67960],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[37,67962,67964],{"className":39,"code":67963,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67965,67966,67982,68006],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,67967,67968,67970,67972,67974,67976,67978,67980],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,67969,53],{"class":52},[46,67971,57],{"class":56},[46,67973,61],{"class":60},[46,67975,3175],{"class":64},[46,67977,68],{"class":60},[46,67979,2643],{"class":64},[46,67981,84],{"class":60},[46,67983,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,67985,103],{"class":52},[46,67987,507],{"class":60},[46,67989,54114],{"class":102},[46,67991,94],{"class":60},[46,67993,3175],{"class":64},[46,67995,68],{"class":60},[46,67997,61],{"class":60},[46,67999,2243],{"class":64},[46,68001,68],{"class":60},[46,68003,312],{"class":64},[46,68005,1161],{"class":60},[46,68007,68008,68010,68012,68014],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,68009,91],{"class":90},[46,68011,94],{"class":60},[46,68013,103],{"class":102},[46,68015,215],{"class":60},[20,68017,143],{},[37,68019,68021],{"className":39,"code":68020,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,68022,68023],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035,68037,68039,68041,68043],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68026,1152],{"class":60},[46,68028,3175],{"class":64},[46,68030,68],{"class":60},[46,68032,61],{"class":60},[46,68034,2243],{"class":64},[46,68036,68],{"class":60},[46,68038,312],{"class":64},[46,68040,18229],{"class":60},[46,68042,2643],{"class":64},[46,68044,84],{"class":60},[20,68046,68047,68048,507],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[501,68049,55682,68050,10910],{"href":53507},[15,68051,53609],{},[283,68053,68055],{"id":68054},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,68057,9047,68058,68060],{},[15,68059,54430],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[37,68062,68064],{"className":39,"code":68063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68065,68066,68076,68090,68108,68122],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68067,68068,68070,68072,68074],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68069,91],{"class":90},[46,68071,94],{"class":60},[46,68073,8511],{"class":102},[46,68075,215],{"class":60},[46,68077,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68079,91],{"class":90},[46,68081,94],{"class":60},[46,68083,476],{"class":90},[46,68085,94],{"class":60},[46,68087,8511],{"class":102},[46,68089,106],{"class":60},[46,68091,68092,68094,68096,68098,68100,68102,68104,68106],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,68093,91],{"class":90},[46,68095,94],{"class":60},[46,68097,8511],{"class":102},[46,68099,507],{"class":60},[46,68101,54114],{"class":1774},[46,68103,507],{"class":60},[46,68105,34615],{"class":34622},[46,68107,215],{"class":60},[46,68109,68110,68112,68114,68116,68118,68120],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,68111,32320],{"class":90},[46,68113,94],{"class":60},[46,68115,8265],{"class":1270},[46,68117,507],{"class":60},[46,68119,54114],{"class":1774},[46,68121,215],{"class":60},[46,68123,68124,68126,68128,68130],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,68125,1889],{"class":1270},[46,68127,94],{"class":60},[46,68129,8511],{"class":102},[46,68131,215],{"class":60},[20,68133,68134],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[172,68136,68137,68140,68143,68146],{},[175,68138,68139],{},"What is currently in the list",[175,68141,68142],{},"How long the list is",[175,68144,68145],{},"That you are working with a real list",[175,68147,68148],{},"How Python describes the method",[32,68150,1794,68152],{"id":68151},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68153,54430],{},[20,68155,160,68156,68158],{},[15,68157,54430],{}," when position matters.",[20,68160,36595],{},[172,68162,68163,68166,68169,68172],{},[175,68164,68165],{},"Ordered menus",[175,68167,68168],{},"Rankings or score lists",[175,68170,68171],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[175,68173,68174],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68176,68177,68178,68180,68181,68183,68184,68186],{},"You usually do ",[3924,68179,4805],{}," need ",[15,68182,54430],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68185,52815],{}," is simpler.",[20,68188,68189,68190,507],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[501,68191,57316],{"href":57315},[32,68193,1991],{"id":1990},[283,68195,12872,68197,55631],{"id":68196},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68198,54074],{},[20,68200,68201,68202,507],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68203,1326],{},[283,68205,68207],{"id":68206},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68209,68210],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[283,68212,2005,68214,68216],{"id":68213},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68215,54074],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68218,68219,68220,68222],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68221,53609],{}," or slicing.",[283,68224,2048,68226,2051,68228,2035],{"id":68225},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68227,54430],{},[15,68229,52815],{},[20,68231,68232,68234,68235,68237],{},[15,68233,54430],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68236,52815],{}," adds only at the end.",[32,68239,2065],{"id":2064},[172,68241,68242,68248,68254,68258,68262,68266],{},[175,68243,68244],{},[501,68245,55682,68246,10910],{"href":56931},[15,68247,52815],{},[175,68249,68250],{},[501,68251,55682,68252,10910],{"href":53507},[15,68253,53609],{},[175,68255,68256],{},[501,68257,54440],{"href":53211},[175,68259,68260],{},[501,68261,52934],{"href":51143},[175,68263,68264],{},[501,68265,57390],{"href":57315},[175,68267,68268],{},[501,68269,30515,68270,33802],{"href":54458},[15,68271,68272],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2103,68274,68275],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":68277},[68278,68280,68281,68282,68288,68295,68304,68306,68315],{"id":66463,"depth":87,"text":68279},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5602,"depth":87,"text":5603},{"id":5957,"depth":87,"text":5958},{"id":66835,"depth":87,"text":66836,"children":68283},[68284,68285,68286,68287],{"id":66847,"depth":109,"text":66848},{"id":66938,"depth":109,"text":66939},{"id":67024,"depth":109,"text":67025},{"id":67110,"depth":109,"text":67111},{"id":67240,"depth":87,"text":68289,"children":68290},"insert() vs append()",[68291,68293],{"id":67250,"depth":109,"text":68292},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67263,"depth":109,"text":68294},"Use append() when:",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":68296},[68297,68299,68300,68302,68303],{"id":67464,"depth":109,"text":68298},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67634,"depth":109,"text":67635},{"id":67785,"depth":109,"text":68301},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67951,"depth":109,"text":67952},{"id":68054,"depth":109,"text":68055},{"id":68151,"depth":87,"text":68305},"When to use insert()",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":68307},[68308,68310,68311,68313],{"id":68196,"depth":109,"text":68309},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68206,"depth":109,"text":68207},{"id":68213,"depth":109,"text":68312},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68225,"depth":109,"text":68314},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66373,"description":68316},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68323,"title":68324,"body":68325,"description":69879,"extension":2150,"meta":69880,"navigation":112,"path":59132,"seo":69881,"stem":69882,"__hash__":69883},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68326,"toc":69852},[68327,68333,68342,68391,68393,68401,68407,68409,68427,68433,68438,68441,68444,68459,68461,68512,68514,68522,68530,68537,68539,68545,68610,68612,68620,68622,68641,68644,68695,68699,68704,68731,68733,68741,68744,68813,68815,68830,68836,68840,68849,68852,68907,68909,68917,68920,68922,68967,68969,68977,68983,68985,68993,68996,68998,69037,69039,69078,69083,69085,69087,69122,69125,69127,69165,69169,69175,69177,69228,69230,69238,69245,69248,69269,69272,69327,69338,69340,69401,69403,69412,69419,69425,69428,69431,69488,69491,69504,69511,69517,69523,69525,69538,69541,69638,69640,69657,69660,69742,69744,69766,69773,69779,69781,69785,69791,69797,69802,69806,69809,69815,69822,69824,69849],[10,68328,68330,68331,1592],{"id":68329},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68332,476],{},[20,68334,68335,68336,68338,68339,68341],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68337,498],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68340,498],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[37,68343,68345],{"className":39,"code":68344,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68346,68347,68367,68381],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68348,68349,68351,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363,68365],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68350,53],{"class":52},[46,68352,57],{"class":56},[46,68354,61],{"class":60},[46,68356,1494],{"class":64},[46,68358,68],{"class":60},[46,68360,7962],{"class":64},[46,68362,68],{"class":60},[46,68364,7967],{"class":64},[46,68366,84],{"class":60},[46,68368,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68370,41406],{"class":52},[46,68372,57],{"class":56},[46,68374,38551],{"class":90},[46,68376,94],{"class":60},[46,68378,103],{"class":102},[46,68380,215],{"class":60},[46,68382,68383,68385,68387,68389],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,68384,91],{"class":90},[46,68386,94],{"class":60},[46,68388,41424],{"class":102},[46,68390,215],{"class":60},[20,68392,143],{},[37,68394,68395],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,68396,68397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68398,68399],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68400,46782],{"class":64},[20,68402,160,68403,68406],{},[15,68404,68405],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[32,68408,15329],{"id":15328},[172,68410,68411,68416,68421,68424],{},[175,68412,4372,68413,68415],{},[15,68414,498],{}," works with Python lists",[175,68417,68418,68419,11874],{},"What value ",[15,68420,498],{},[175,68422,68423],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[175,68425,68426],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[32,68428,167,68430,68432],{"id":68429},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68431,498],{}," returns for a list",[20,68434,68435,65246],{},[15,68436,68437],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68439,68440],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68442,68443],{},"A few important points:",[172,68445,68446,68449,68454],{},[175,68447,68448],{},"It counts list items",[175,68450,41070,68451,68453],{},[3924,68452,4805],{}," count characters inside a string item",[175,68455,68456,68457],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68458,554],{},[20,68460,2393],{},[37,68462,68464],{"className":39,"code":68463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68465,68466,68498],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68467,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68469,419],{"class":52},[46,68471,57],{"class":56},[46,68473,61],{"class":60},[46,68475,427],{"class":426},[46,68477,934],{"class":430},[46,68479,427],{"class":426},[46,68481,68],{"class":60},[46,68483,438],{"class":426},[46,68485,925],{"class":430},[46,68487,427],{"class":426},[46,68489,68],{"class":60},[46,68491,438],{"class":426},[46,68493,58288],{"class":430},[46,68495,427],{"class":426},[46,68497,84],{"class":60},[46,68499,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68501,91],{"class":90},[46,68503,94],{"class":60},[46,68505,476],{"class":90},[46,68507,94],{"class":60},[46,68509,467],{"class":102},[46,68511,106],{"class":60},[20,68513,143],{},[37,68515,68516],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,68517,68518],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68519,68520],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68521,46782],{"class":64},[20,68523,21145,68524,68527,68528,65253],{},[15,68525,68526],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3924,68529,52819],{},[20,68531,68532,68533,507],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[501,68534,13,68535,506],{"href":503},[15,68536,498],{},[32,68538,5958],{"id":5957},[20,68540,68541,68542,68544],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68543,498],{},", and print the result.",[37,68546,68548],{"className":39,"code":68547,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68549,68550,68582,68596,68600],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68551,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68553,13243],{"class":52},[46,68555,57],{"class":56},[46,68557,61],{"class":60},[46,68559,427],{"class":426},[46,68561,13260],{"class":430},[46,68563,427],{"class":426},[46,68565,68],{"class":60},[46,68567,438],{"class":426},[46,68569,17622],{"class":430},[46,68571,427],{"class":426},[46,68573,68],{"class":60},[46,68575,438],{"class":426},[46,68577,13277],{"class":430},[46,68579,427],{"class":426},[46,68581,84],{"class":60},[46,68583,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68585,41406],{"class":52},[46,68587,57],{"class":56},[46,68589,38551],{"class":90},[46,68591,94],{"class":60},[46,68593,17669],{"class":102},[46,68595,215],{"class":60},[46,68597,68598],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,68599,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,68601,68602,68604,68606,68608],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,68603,91],{"class":90},[46,68605,94],{"class":60},[46,68607,41424],{"class":102},[46,68609,215],{"class":60},[20,68611,143],{},[37,68613,68614],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,68615,68616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68617,68618],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68619,46782],{"class":64},[20,68621,11852],{},[172,68623,68624,68629,68636],{},[175,68625,68626,68628],{},[15,68627,17669],{}," is a list with 3 items",[175,68630,68631,2583,68634],{},[15,68632,68633],{},"len(colors)",[15,68635,2249],{},[175,68637,68638,68639],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68640,41424],{},[20,68642,68643],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[37,68645,68647],{"className":39,"code":68646,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68648,68649,68681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68650,68651,68653,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665,68667,68669,68671,68673,68675,68677,68679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68652,13243],{"class":52},[46,68654,57],{"class":56},[46,68656,61],{"class":60},[46,68658,427],{"class":426},[46,68660,13260],{"class":430},[46,68662,427],{"class":426},[46,68664,68],{"class":60},[46,68666,438],{"class":426},[46,68668,17622],{"class":430},[46,68670,427],{"class":426},[46,68672,68],{"class":60},[46,68674,438],{"class":426},[46,68676,13277],{"class":430},[46,68678,427],{"class":426},[46,68680,84],{"class":60},[46,68682,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68684,91],{"class":90},[46,68686,94],{"class":60},[46,68688,476],{"class":90},[46,68690,94],{"class":60},[46,68692,17669],{"class":102},[46,68694,106],{"class":60},[32,68696,68698],{"id":68697},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68700,68701,68702,507],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68703,554],{},[37,68705,68707],{"className":39,"code":68706,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68708,68709,68717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68710,68711,68713,68715],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68712,1398],{"class":52},[46,68714,57],{"class":56},[46,68716,533],{"class":60},[46,68718,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68720,91],{"class":90},[46,68722,94],{"class":60},[46,68724,476],{"class":90},[46,68726,94],{"class":60},[46,68728,1415],{"class":102},[46,68730,106],{"class":60},[20,68732,143],{},[37,68734,68735],{"className":39,"code":561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,68736,68737],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68738,68739],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68740,561],{"class":64},[20,68742,68743],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[37,68745,68747],{"className":39,"code":68746,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68748,68749,68757,68761,68779,68793,68799],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68750,68751,68753,68755],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68752,1398],{"class":52},[46,68754,57],{"class":56},[46,68756,533],{"class":60},[46,68758,68759],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68760,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,68762,68763,68765,68767,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,68764,7170],{"class":1595},[46,68766,38551],{"class":90},[46,68768,94],{"class":60},[46,68770,1415],{"class":102},[46,68772,1592],{"class":60},[46,68774,38561],{"class":56},[46,68776,4015],{"class":64},[46,68778,6566],{"class":60},[46,68780,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,68782,8240],{"class":90},[46,68784,94],{"class":60},[46,68786,1415],{"class":102},[46,68788,1152],{"class":60},[46,68790,554],{"class":64},[46,68792,1161],{"class":60},[46,68794,68795,68797],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,68796,27601],{"class":1595},[46,68798,6566],{"class":60},[46,68800,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,68802,8240],{"class":90},[46,68804,94],{"class":60},[46,68806,427],{"class":426},[46,68808,51979],{"class":430},[46,68810,427],{"class":426},[46,68812,215],{"class":60},[20,68814,143],{},[37,68816,68818],{"className":39,"code":68817,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The list is empty\n",[15,68819,68820],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68821,68822,68824,68826,68828],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68823,882],{"class":52},[46,68825,8265],{"class":1270},[46,68827,8268],{"class":56},[46,68829,8274],{"class":52},[20,68831,68832,68833,68835],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[501,68834,52934],{"href":51143}," is a good next step.",[32,68837,68839],{"id":68838},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68841,68842,68844,68845,68848],{},[15,68843,498],{}," counts only the ",[3924,68846,68847],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68850,68851],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[37,68853,68855],{"className":39,"code":68854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68856,68857,68893],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68858,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68860,1487],{"class":52},[46,68862,57],{"class":56},[46,68864,56456],{"class":60},[46,68866,3175],{"class":64},[46,68868,68],{"class":60},[46,68870,71],{"class":64},[46,68872,18229],{"class":60},[46,68874,61],{"class":60},[46,68876,2249],{"class":64},[46,68878,68],{"class":60},[46,68880,2643],{"class":64},[46,68882,18229],{"class":60},[46,68884,61],{"class":60},[46,68886,65],{"class":64},[46,68888,68],{"class":60},[46,68890,37811],{"class":64},[46,68892,53405],{"class":60},[46,68894,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68896,91],{"class":90},[46,68898,94],{"class":60},[46,68900,476],{"class":90},[46,68902,94],{"class":60},[46,68904,1523],{"class":102},[46,68906,106],{"class":60},[20,68908,143],{},[37,68910,68911],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,68912,68913],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68914,68915],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68916,46782],{"class":64},[20,68918,68919],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68921,52243],{},[37,68923,68925],{"className":39,"code":68924,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68926,68927,68953],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68928,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68930,59632],{"class":52},[46,68932,57],{"class":56},[46,68934,61],{"class":60},[46,68936,3175],{"class":64},[46,68938,68],{"class":60},[46,68940,61],{"class":60},[46,68942,2243],{"class":64},[46,68944,68],{"class":60},[46,68946,312],{"class":64},[46,68948,18229],{"class":60},[46,68950,2643],{"class":64},[46,68952,84],{"class":60},[46,68954,68955,68957,68959,68961,68963,68965],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,68956,91],{"class":90},[46,68958,94],{"class":60},[46,68960,476],{"class":90},[46,68962,94],{"class":60},[46,68964,59685],{"class":102},[46,68966,106],{"class":60},[20,68968,143],{},[37,68970,68971],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,68972,68973],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,68974,68975],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,68976,46782],{"class":64},[20,68978,21145,68979,68982],{},[15,68980,68981],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[32,68984,4693],{"id":4692},[283,68986,578,68988,11260,68991],{"id":68987},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68989,68990],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68992,68437],{},[20,68994,68995],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68997,16809],{},[37,68999,69001],{"className":39,"code":69000,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,69002,69003,69023],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69004,69005,69007,69009,69011,69013,69015,69017,69019,69021],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69006,53],{"class":52},[46,69008,57],{"class":56},[46,69010,61],{"class":60},[46,69012,1494],{"class":64},[46,69014,68],{"class":60},[46,69016,7962],{"class":64},[46,69018,68],{"class":60},[46,69020,7967],{"class":64},[46,69022,84],{"class":60},[46,69024,69025,69027,69029,69031,69033,69035],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69026,91],{"class":90},[46,69028,94],{"class":60},[46,69030,103],{"class":102},[46,69032,507],{"class":60},[46,69034,476],{"class":102},[46,69036,7367],{"class":60},[20,69038,16821],{},[37,69040,69042],{"className":39,"code":69041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69043,69044,69064],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69045,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69047,53],{"class":52},[46,69049,57],{"class":56},[46,69051,61],{"class":60},[46,69053,1494],{"class":64},[46,69055,68],{"class":60},[46,69057,7962],{"class":64},[46,69059,68],{"class":60},[46,69061,7967],{"class":64},[46,69063,84],{"class":60},[46,69065,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69067,91],{"class":90},[46,69069,94],{"class":60},[46,69071,476],{"class":90},[46,69073,94],{"class":60},[46,69075,103],{"class":102},[46,69077,106],{"class":60},[20,69079,69080,69082],{},[15,69081,498],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[283,69084,25855],{"id":25854},[20,69086,16809],{},[37,69088,69090],{"className":39,"code":69089,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69091,69092,69112],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69093,69094,69096,69098,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69095,53],{"class":52},[46,69097,57],{"class":56},[46,69099,61],{"class":60},[46,69101,1494],{"class":64},[46,69103,68],{"class":60},[46,69105,7962],{"class":64},[46,69107,68],{"class":60},[46,69109,7967],{"class":64},[46,69111,84],{"class":60},[46,69113,69114,69116,69118,69120],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69115,91],{"class":90},[46,69117,94],{"class":60},[46,69119,476],{"class":90},[46,69121,215],{"class":60},[20,69123,69124],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69126,16821],{},[37,69128,69129],{"className":39,"code":69041,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,69130,69131,69151],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69132,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69134,53],{"class":52},[46,69136,57],{"class":56},[46,69138,61],{"class":60},[46,69140,1494],{"class":64},[46,69142,68],{"class":60},[46,69144,7962],{"class":64},[46,69146,68],{"class":60},[46,69148,7967],{"class":64},[46,69150,84],{"class":60},[46,69152,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161,69163],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69154,91],{"class":90},[46,69156,94],{"class":60},[46,69158,476],{"class":90},[46,69160,94],{"class":60},[46,69162,103],{"class":102},[46,69164,106],{"class":60},[283,69166,69168],{"id":69167},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69170,69171,69172,69174],{},"The length of a list is ",[3924,69173,4805],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69176,2393],{},[37,69178,69180],{"className":39,"code":69179,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69181,69182,69214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69183,69184,69186,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198,69200,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210,69212],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69185,36259],{"class":52},[46,69187,57],{"class":56},[46,69189,61],{"class":60},[46,69191,427],{"class":426},[46,69193,501],{"class":430},[46,69195,427],{"class":426},[46,69197,68],{"class":60},[46,69199,438],{"class":426},[46,69201,4935],{"class":430},[46,69203,427],{"class":426},[46,69205,68],{"class":60},[46,69207,438],{"class":426},[46,69209,9908],{"class":430},[46,69211,427],{"class":426},[46,69213,84],{"class":60},[46,69215,69216,69218,69220,69222,69224,69226],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69217,91],{"class":90},[46,69219,94],{"class":60},[46,69221,476],{"class":90},[46,69223,94],{"class":60},[46,69225,36312],{"class":102},[46,69227,106],{"class":60},[20,69229,143],{},[37,69231,69232],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,69233,69234],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69235,69236],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69237,46782],{"class":64},[20,69239,69240,69241,19131,69243,507],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69242,2243],{},[15,69244,2249],{},[20,69246,69247],{},"Indexes are:",[172,69249,69250,69257,69263],{},[175,69251,69252,69254,69255],{},[15,69253,554],{}," for ",[15,69256,18263],{},[175,69258,69259,69254,69261],{},[15,69260,3175],{},[15,69262,65756],{},[175,69264,69265,69254,69267],{},[15,69266,2243],{},[15,69268,66641],{},[20,69270,69271],{},"So this causes an error:",[37,69273,69275],{"className":39,"code":69274,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69276,69277,69309],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69278,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69280,36259],{"class":52},[46,69282,57],{"class":56},[46,69284,61],{"class":60},[46,69286,427],{"class":426},[46,69288,501],{"class":430},[46,69290,427],{"class":426},[46,69292,68],{"class":60},[46,69294,438],{"class":426},[46,69296,4935],{"class":430},[46,69298,427],{"class":426},[46,69300,68],{"class":60},[46,69302,438],{"class":426},[46,69304,9908],{"class":430},[46,69306,427],{"class":426},[46,69308,84],{"class":60},[46,69310,69311,69313,69315,69317,69319,69321,69323,69325],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69312,91],{"class":90},[46,69314,94],{"class":60},[46,69316,36312],{"class":102},[46,69318,1152],{"class":60},[46,69320,476],{"class":90},[46,69322,94],{"class":60},[46,69324,36312],{"class":102},[46,69326,10848],{"class":60},[20,69328,8667,69329,4958,69332,69334,69335,69337],{},[15,69330,69331],{},"len(letters)",[15,69333,2249],{},", and index ",[15,69336,2249],{}," does not exist.",[20,69339,19008],{},[37,69341,69343],{"className":39,"code":69342,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69344,69345,69377],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69346,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371,69373,69375],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69348,36259],{"class":52},[46,69350,57],{"class":56},[46,69352,61],{"class":60},[46,69354,427],{"class":426},[46,69356,501],{"class":430},[46,69358,427],{"class":426},[46,69360,68],{"class":60},[46,69362,438],{"class":426},[46,69364,4935],{"class":430},[46,69366,427],{"class":426},[46,69368,68],{"class":60},[46,69370,438],{"class":426},[46,69372,9908],{"class":430},[46,69374,427],{"class":426},[46,69376,84],{"class":60},[46,69378,69379,69381,69383,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397,69399],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69380,91],{"class":90},[46,69382,94],{"class":60},[46,69384,36312],{"class":102},[46,69386,1152],{"class":60},[46,69388,476],{"class":90},[46,69390,94],{"class":60},[46,69392,36312],{"class":102},[46,69394,1592],{"class":60},[46,69396,2408],{"class":56},[46,69398,81],{"class":64},[46,69400,1161],{"class":60},[20,69402,143],{},[37,69404,69406],{"className":39,"code":69405,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"c\n",[15,69407,69408],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69409,69410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69411,69405],{"class":52},[20,69413,69414,69415,507],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[501,69416,69418],{"href":69417},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[283,69420,578,69422,69424],{"id":69421},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69423,498],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69426,69427],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69429,69430],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[37,69432,69434],{"className":39,"code":69433,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69435,69436,69446,69460,69474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69437,69438,69440,69442,69444],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69439,91],{"class":90},[46,69441,94],{"class":60},[46,69443,8511],{"class":102},[46,69445,215],{"class":60},[46,69447,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69449,91],{"class":90},[46,69451,94],{"class":60},[46,69453,476],{"class":90},[46,69455,94],{"class":60},[46,69457,8511],{"class":102},[46,69459,106],{"class":60},[46,69461,69462,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,69463,91],{"class":90},[46,69465,94],{"class":60},[46,69467,1889],{"class":1270},[46,69469,94],{"class":60},[46,69471,8511],{"class":102},[46,69473,106],{"class":60},[46,69475,69476,69478,69480,69482,69484,69486],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,69477,91],{"class":90},[46,69479,94],{"class":60},[46,69481,8511],{"class":102},[46,69483,1152],{"class":60},[46,69485,554],{"class":64},[46,69487,1161],{"class":60},[20,69489,69490],{},"These help you verify:",[172,69492,69493,69496,69498,69501],{},[175,69494,69495],{},"what the variable contains",[175,69497,60944],{},[175,69499,69500],{},"whether it is really a list",[175,69502,69503],{},"what the first item is",[20,69505,69506,69507,69510],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69508,69509],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[32,69512,1794,69514,69516],{"id":69513},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69515,498],{}," with lists",[20,69518,69519,69520,69522],{},"You will often use ",[15,69521,498],{}," in real programs.",[20,69524,9542],{},[172,69526,69527,69529,69532,69535],{},[175,69528,51933],{},[175,69530,69531],{},"Control loops",[175,69533,69534],{},"Validate input or results",[175,69536,69537],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69539,69540],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[37,69542,69544],{"className":39,"code":69543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69545,69546,69566,69582,69586,69600,69614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69547,69548,69550,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560,69562,69564],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69549,2741],{"class":52},[46,69551,57],{"class":56},[46,69553,61],{"class":60},[46,69555,3175],{"class":64},[46,69557,68],{"class":60},[46,69559,71],{"class":64},[46,69561,68],{"class":60},[46,69563,312],{"class":64},[46,69565,84],{"class":60},[46,69567,69568,69570,69572,69574,69576,69578,69580],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69569,2769],{"class":52},[46,69571,57],{"class":56},[46,69573,61],{"class":60},[46,69575,1494],{"class":64},[46,69577,68],{"class":60},[46,69579,7962],{"class":64},[46,69581,84],{"class":60},[46,69583,69584],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,69585,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,69587,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,69589,91],{"class":90},[46,69591,94],{"class":60},[46,69593,476],{"class":90},[46,69595,94],{"class":60},[46,69597,501],{"class":102},[46,69599,106],{"class":60},[46,69601,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,69603,91],{"class":90},[46,69605,94],{"class":60},[46,69607,476],{"class":90},[46,69609,94],{"class":60},[46,69611,4935],{"class":102},[46,69613,106],{"class":60},[46,69615,69616,69618,69620,69622,69624,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,69617,91],{"class":90},[46,69619,94],{"class":60},[46,69621,476],{"class":90},[46,69623,94],{"class":60},[46,69625,501],{"class":102},[46,69627,1592],{"class":60},[46,69629,38561],{"class":56},[46,69631,38551],{"class":90},[46,69633,94],{"class":60},[46,69635,4935],{"class":102},[46,69637,106],{"class":60},[20,69639,143],{},[37,69641,69643],{"className":39,"code":69642,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69644,69645,69649,69653],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69646,69647],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69648,46782],{"class":64},[46,69650,69651],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69652,17222],{"class":64},[46,69654,69655],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,69656,4157],{"class":1325},[20,69658,69659],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[37,69661,69663],{"className":39,"code":69662,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69664,69665,69697,69701,69723],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69666,69667,69669,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69668,5169],{"class":52},[46,69670,57],{"class":56},[46,69672,61],{"class":60},[46,69674,427],{"class":426},[46,69676,1018],{"class":430},[46,69678,427],{"class":426},[46,69680,68],{"class":60},[46,69682,438],{"class":426},[46,69684,1054],{"class":430},[46,69686,427],{"class":426},[46,69688,68],{"class":60},[46,69690,438],{"class":426},[46,69692,1087],{"class":430},[46,69694,427],{"class":426},[46,69696,84],{"class":60},[46,69698,69699],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69700,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,69702,69703,69705,69708,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,69704,6129],{"class":1595},[46,69706,69707],{"class":52}," i ",[46,69709,1602],{"class":1595},[46,69711,54233],{"class":90},[46,69713,94],{"class":60},[46,69715,476],{"class":90},[46,69717,94],{"class":60},[46,69719,5213],{"class":102},[46,69721,69722],{"class":60},")):\n",[46,69724,69725,69727,69729,69731,69733,69736,69738,69740],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,69726,8240],{"class":90},[46,69728,94],{"class":60},[46,69730,36323],{"class":102},[46,69732,68],{"class":60},[46,69734,69735],{"class":102}," names",[46,69737,1152],{"class":60},[46,69739,36323],{"class":102},[46,69741,1161],{"class":60},[20,69743,143],{},[37,69745,69746],{"className":39,"code":36167,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,69747,69748,69754,69760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69749,69750,69752],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69751,554],{"class":64},[46,69753,36176],{"class":52},[46,69755,69756,69758],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69757,3175],{"class":64},[46,69759,36183],{"class":52},[46,69761,69762,69764],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,69763,2243],{"class":64},[46,69765,36190],{"class":52},[20,69767,69768,69769,507],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[501,69770,69772],{"href":69771},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69774,69775,69776,69778],{},"You can also read ",[501,69777,51710],{"href":51709}," for a task-focused guide.",[32,69780,1991],{"id":1990},[283,69782,69784],{"id":69783},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69786,160,69787,69790],{},[15,69788,69789],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[283,69792,1995,69794,12884],{"id":69793},"what-does-len-return",[15,69795,69796],{},"len([])",[20,69798,5320,69799,69801],{},[15,69800,554],{}," because the list is empty.",[283,69803,69805],{"id":69804},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69807,69808],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[283,69810,28496,69812,69814],{"id":69811},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69813,68990],{}," in Python?",[20,69816,30438,69817,8394,69819,69821],{},[15,69818,68437],{},[15,69820,498],{}," is a built-in function.",[32,69823,2065],{"id":2064},[172,69825,69826,69832,69836,69840,69844],{},[175,69827,69828],{},[501,69829,13,69830,506],{"href":503},[15,69831,498],{},[175,69833,69834],{},[501,69835,52753],{"href":51709},[175,69837,69838],{},[501,69839,52934],{"href":51143},[175,69841,69842],{},[501,69843,69418],{"href":69417},[175,69845,69846],{},[501,69847,69848],{"href":69771},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2103,69850,69851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":69853},[69854,69855,69857,69858,69859,69860,69868,69870,69878],{"id":15328,"depth":87,"text":15329},{"id":68429,"depth":87,"text":69856},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5957,"depth":87,"text":5958},{"id":68697,"depth":87,"text":68698},{"id":68838,"depth":87,"text":68839},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":69861},[69862,69864,69865,69866],{"id":68987,"depth":109,"text":69863},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25854,"depth":109,"text":25855},{"id":69167,"depth":109,"text":69168},{"id":69421,"depth":109,"text":69867},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69513,"depth":87,"text":69869},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":69871},[69872,69873,69875,69876],{"id":69783,"depth":109,"text":69784},{"id":69793,"depth":109,"text":69874},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69804,"depth":109,"text":69805},{"id":69811,"depth":109,"text":69877},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68324,"description":69879},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69885,"title":69886,"body":69887,"description":71867,"extension":2150,"meta":71868,"navigation":112,"path":71869,"seo":71870,"stem":71871,"__hash__":71872},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69888,"toc":71840},[69889,69892,69897,69900,69908,69921,69923,69988,69990,70012,70017,70021,70026,70034,70036,70046,70048,70129,70131,70161,70163,70182,70187,70204,70206,70290,70292,70322,70327,70331,70337,70421,70423,70453,70456,70460,70463,70554,70556,70594,70597,70682,70684,70714,70720,70727,70731,70736,70745,70747,70832,70834,70863,70866,70874,70878,70882,70891,70914,70916,70938,70940,70954,70956,71016,71020,71025,71064,71066,71083,71085,71095,71194,71199,71203,71208,71251,71253,71281,71283,71297,71372,71374,71396,71400,71403,71408,71419,71424,71432,71435,71506,71508,71533,71590,71592,71613,71622,71630,71635,71637,71642,71663,71666,71741,71744,71758,71765,71767,71771,71777,71781,71791,71795,71802,71804,71810,71812,71837],[10,69890,69886],{"id":69891},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69893,69894,69896],{},[15,69895,55244],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69898,69899],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[172,69901,69902,69905],{},[175,69903,69904],{},"delete an item from a list",[175,69906,69907],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69909,69910,69911,69913,69914,8876,69916,69920],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69912,12931],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69915,12931],{},[501,69917,69918],{"href":55234},[15,69919,55691],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[32,69922,35],{"id":34},[37,69924,69926],{"className":39,"code":69925,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69927,69928,69948,69963,69967,69978],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69929,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69931,53],{"class":52},[46,69933,57],{"class":56},[46,69935,61],{"class":60},[46,69937,1494],{"class":64},[46,69939,68],{"class":60},[46,69941,7962],{"class":64},[46,69943,68],{"class":60},[46,69945,7967],{"class":64},[46,69947,84],{"class":60},[46,69949,69950,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,69951,69952],{"class":52},"last_item ",[46,69954,57],{"class":56},[46,69956,4437],{"class":52},[46,69958,507],{"class":60},[46,69960,26409],{"class":102},[46,69962,8814],{"class":60},[46,69964,69965],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,69966,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,69968,69969,69971,69973,69976],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,69970,91],{"class":90},[46,69972,94],{"class":60},[46,69974,69975],{"class":102},"last_item",[46,69977,215],{"class":60},[46,69979,69980,69982,69984,69986],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,69981,91],{"class":90},[46,69983,94],{"class":60},[46,69985,103],{"class":102},[46,69987,215],{"class":60},[20,69989,143],{},[37,69991,69993],{"className":39,"code":69992,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69994,69995,70000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,69996,69997],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,69998,69999],{"class":64},"30\n",[46,70001,70002,70004,70006,70008,70010],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70003,1152],{"class":60},[46,70005,1494],{"class":64},[46,70007,68],{"class":60},[46,70009,7962],{"class":64},[46,70011,84],{"class":60},[20,70013,160,70014,70016],{},[15,70015,12931],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[32,70018,70020],{"id":70019},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,70022,70023,70025],{},[15,70024,12931],{}," has two main jobs:",[172,70027,70028,70031],{},[175,70029,70030],{},"It removes one item from a list",[175,70032,70033],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70035,43814],{},[172,70037,70038,70041,70044],{},[175,70039,70040],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[175,70042,70043],{},"It changes the original list",[175,70045,52908],{},[20,70047,2393],{},[37,70049,70051],{"className":39,"code":70050,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70052,70053,70085,70089,70104,70108,70119],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70054,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067,70069,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70056,13243],{"class":52},[46,70058,57],{"class":56},[46,70060,61],{"class":60},[46,70062,427],{"class":426},[46,70064,13260],{"class":430},[46,70066,427],{"class":426},[46,70068,68],{"class":60},[46,70070,438],{"class":426},[46,70072,17622],{"class":430},[46,70074,427],{"class":426},[46,70076,68],{"class":60},[46,70078,438],{"class":426},[46,70080,13277],{"class":430},[46,70082,427],{"class":426},[46,70084,84],{"class":60},[46,70086,70087],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70088,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70090,70091,70094,70096,70098,70100,70102],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,70092,70093],{"class":52},"removed ",[46,70095,57],{"class":56},[46,70097,13291],{"class":52},[46,70099,507],{"class":60},[46,70101,26409],{"class":102},[46,70103,8814],{"class":60},[46,70105,70106],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,70107,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70109,70110,70112,70114,70117],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,70111,91],{"class":90},[46,70113,94],{"class":60},[46,70115,70116],{"class":102},"removed",[46,70118,215],{"class":60},[46,70120,70121,70123,70125,70127],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,70122,91],{"class":90},[46,70124,94],{"class":60},[46,70126,17669],{"class":102},[46,70128,215],{"class":60},[20,70130,143],{},[37,70132,70134],{"className":39,"code":70133,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70135,70136,70141],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70137,70138],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70139,70140],{"class":52},"blue\n",[46,70142,70143,70145,70147,70149,70151,70153,70155,70157,70159],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70144,1152],{"class":60},[46,70146,1188],{"class":426},[46,70148,13260],{"class":430},[46,70150,1188],{"class":426},[46,70152,68],{"class":60},[46,70154,1197],{"class":426},[46,70156,17622],{"class":430},[46,70158,1188],{"class":426},[46,70160,84],{"class":60},[32,70162,2343],{"id":2342},[37,70164,70166],{"className":39,"code":70165,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70167,70168],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70169,70170,70172,70174,70176,70178,70180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70171,8265],{"class":1270},[46,70173,507],{"class":60},[46,70175,26409],{"class":102},[46,70177,3172],{"class":60},[46,70179,36016],{"class":102},[46,70181,1161],{"class":60},[20,70183,882,70184,70186],{},[15,70185,36016],{}," is optional.",[172,70188,70189,70195,70201],{},[175,70190,70191,70192,70194],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70193,12931],{}," removes the last item",[175,70196,70197,70198,70200],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70199,12931],{}," removes the item at that position",[175,70202,70203],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70205,2393],{},[37,70207,70209],{"className":39,"code":70208,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70210,70211,70243,70247,70266,70270,70280],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70212,70213,70215,70217,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235,70237,70239,70241],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70214,36259],{"class":52},[46,70216,57],{"class":56},[46,70218,61],{"class":60},[46,70220,427],{"class":426},[46,70222,501],{"class":430},[46,70224,427],{"class":426},[46,70226,68],{"class":60},[46,70228,438],{"class":426},[46,70230,4935],{"class":430},[46,70232,427],{"class":426},[46,70234,68],{"class":60},[46,70236,438],{"class":426},[46,70238,9908],{"class":430},[46,70240,427],{"class":426},[46,70242,84],{"class":60},[46,70244,70245],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70246,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70248,70249,70251,70253,70256,70258,70260,70262,70264],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,70250,28706],{"class":52},[46,70252,57],{"class":56},[46,70254,70255],{"class":52}," letters",[46,70257,507],{"class":60},[46,70259,26409],{"class":102},[46,70261,94],{"class":60},[46,70263,3175],{"class":64},[46,70265,215],{"class":60},[46,70267,70268],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,70269,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70271,70272,70274,70276,70278],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,70273,91],{"class":90},[46,70275,94],{"class":60},[46,70277,23478],{"class":102},[46,70279,215],{"class":60},[46,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,70283,91],{"class":90},[46,70285,94],{"class":60},[46,70287,36312],{"class":102},[46,70289,215],{"class":60},[20,70291,143],{},[37,70293,70295],{"className":39,"code":70294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70296,70297,70302],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70298,70299],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70300,70301],{"class":52},"b\n",[46,70303,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318,70320],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70305,1152],{"class":60},[46,70307,1188],{"class":426},[46,70309,501],{"class":430},[46,70311,1188],{"class":426},[46,70313,68],{"class":60},[46,70315,1197],{"class":426},[46,70317,9908],{"class":430},[46,70319,1188],{"class":426},[46,70321,84],{"class":60},[20,70323,70324,70325,507],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[501,70326,52934],{"href":51143},[32,70328,70330],{"id":70329},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70332,70333,70334,70336],{},"When you call ",[15,70335,12931],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[37,70338,70340],{"className":39,"code":70339,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70341,70342,70377,70381,70396,70400,70411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70343,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70355,70357,70359,70361,70364,70366,70368,70370,70373,70375],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70345,30065],{"class":52},[46,70347,57],{"class":56},[46,70349,61],{"class":60},[46,70351,427],{"class":426},[46,70353,70354],{"class":430},"write",[46,70356,427],{"class":426},[46,70358,68],{"class":60},[46,70360,438],{"class":426},[46,70362,70363],{"class":430},"test",[46,70365,427],{"class":426},[46,70367,68],{"class":60},[46,70369,438],{"class":426},[46,70371,70372],{"class":430},"submit",[46,70374,427],{"class":426},[46,70376,84],{"class":60},[46,70378,70379],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70380,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70382,70383,70386,70388,70390,70392,70394],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,70384,70385],{"class":52},"last_task ",[46,70387,57],{"class":56},[46,70389,30143],{"class":52},[46,70391,507],{"class":60},[46,70393,26409],{"class":102},[46,70395,8814],{"class":60},[46,70397,70398],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,70399,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70401,70402,70404,70406,70409],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,70403,91],{"class":90},[46,70405,94],{"class":60},[46,70407,70408],{"class":102},"last_task",[46,70410,215],{"class":60},[46,70412,70413,70415,70417,70419],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,70414,91],{"class":90},[46,70416,94],{"class":60},[46,70418,36675],{"class":102},[46,70420,215],{"class":60},[20,70422,143],{},[37,70424,70426],{"className":39,"code":70425,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70427,70428,70433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70429,70430],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70431,70432],{"class":52},"submit\n",[46,70434,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70436,1152],{"class":60},[46,70438,1188],{"class":426},[46,70440,70354],{"class":430},[46,70442,1188],{"class":426},[46,70444,68],{"class":60},[46,70446,1197],{"class":426},[46,70448,70363],{"class":430},[46,70450,1188],{"class":426},[46,70452,84],{"class":60},[20,70454,70455],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[32,70457,70459],{"id":70458},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70461,70462],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[37,70464,70466],{"className":39,"code":70465,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70467,70468,70508,70512,70530,70534,70544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70469,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70471,36408],{"class":52},[46,70473,57],{"class":56},[46,70475,61],{"class":60},[46,70477,427],{"class":426},[46,70479,756],{"class":430},[46,70481,427],{"class":426},[46,70483,68],{"class":60},[46,70485,438],{"class":426},[46,70487,450],{"class":430},[46,70489,427],{"class":426},[46,70491,68],{"class":60},[46,70493,438],{"class":426},[46,70495,765],{"class":430},[46,70497,427],{"class":426},[46,70499,68],{"class":60},[46,70501,438],{"class":426},[46,70503,33389],{"class":430},[46,70505,427],{"class":426},[46,70507,84],{"class":60},[46,70509,70510],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70511,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70513,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524,70526,70528],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,70515,70093],{"class":52},[46,70517,57],{"class":56},[46,70519,53014],{"class":52},[46,70521,507],{"class":60},[46,70523,26409],{"class":102},[46,70525,94],{"class":60},[46,70527,3175],{"class":64},[46,70529,215],{"class":60},[46,70531,70532],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,70533,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70535,70536,70538,70540,70542],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,70537,91],{"class":90},[46,70539,94],{"class":60},[46,70541,70116],{"class":102},[46,70543,215],{"class":60},[46,70545,70546,70548,70550,70552],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,70547,91],{"class":90},[46,70549,94],{"class":60},[46,70551,36460],{"class":102},[46,70553,215],{"class":60},[20,70555,143],{},[37,70557,70559],{"className":39,"code":70558,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70560,70561,70566],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70562,70563],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70564,70565],{"class":52},"banana\n",[46,70567,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70569,1152],{"class":60},[46,70571,1188],{"class":426},[46,70573,756],{"class":430},[46,70575,1188],{"class":426},[46,70577,68],{"class":60},[46,70579,1197],{"class":426},[46,70581,765],{"class":430},[46,70583,1188],{"class":426},[46,70585,68],{"class":60},[46,70587,1197],{"class":426},[46,70589,33389],{"class":430},[46,70591,1188],{"class":426},[46,70593,84],{"class":60},[20,70595,70596],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[37,70598,70600],{"className":39,"code":70599,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70601,70602,70634,70638,70658,70662,70672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70603,70604,70606,70608,70610,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628,70630,70632],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70605,36408],{"class":52},[46,70607,57],{"class":56},[46,70609,61],{"class":60},[46,70611,427],{"class":426},[46,70613,756],{"class":430},[46,70615,427],{"class":426},[46,70617,68],{"class":60},[46,70619,438],{"class":426},[46,70621,450],{"class":430},[46,70623,427],{"class":426},[46,70625,68],{"class":60},[46,70627,438],{"class":426},[46,70629,765],{"class":430},[46,70631,427],{"class":426},[46,70633,84],{"class":60},[46,70635,70636],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70637,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70639,70640,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,70641,70093],{"class":52},[46,70643,57],{"class":56},[46,70645,53014],{"class":52},[46,70647,507],{"class":60},[46,70649,26409],{"class":102},[46,70651,94],{"class":60},[46,70653,2208],{"class":56},[46,70655,3175],{"class":64},[46,70657,215],{"class":60},[46,70659,70660],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,70661,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70663,70664,70666,70668,70670],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,70665,91],{"class":90},[46,70667,94],{"class":60},[46,70669,70116],{"class":102},[46,70671,215],{"class":60},[46,70673,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,70675,91],{"class":90},[46,70677,94],{"class":60},[46,70679,36460],{"class":102},[46,70681,215],{"class":60},[20,70683,143],{},[37,70685,70687],{"className":39,"code":70686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70688,70689,70694],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70690,70691],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70692,70693],{"class":52},"cherry\n",[46,70695,70696,70698,70700,70702,70704,70706,70708,70710,70712],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70697,1152],{"class":60},[46,70699,1188],{"class":426},[46,70701,756],{"class":430},[46,70703,1188],{"class":426},[46,70705,68],{"class":60},[46,70707,1197],{"class":426},[46,70709,450],{"class":430},[46,70711,1188],{"class":426},[46,70713,84],{"class":60},[20,70715,70716,70717,70719],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70718,66014],{}," means the last item.",[20,70721,70722,70723,507],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[501,70724,70725,10910],{"href":59124},[15,70726,65026],{},[32,70728,70730],{"id":70729},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70732,70733,70735],{},[15,70734,12931],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70737,70738,70739,2051,70741,507],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70740,12931],{},[501,70742,70743],{"href":55234},[15,70744,55691],{},[20,70746,2393],{},[37,70748,70750],{"className":39,"code":70749,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70751,70752,70784,70788,70807,70811,70822],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70753,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70755,5169],{"class":52},[46,70757,57],{"class":56},[46,70759,61],{"class":60},[46,70761,427],{"class":426},[46,70763,1018],{"class":430},[46,70765,427],{"class":426},[46,70767,68],{"class":60},[46,70769,438],{"class":426},[46,70771,1054],{"class":430},[46,70773,427],{"class":426},[46,70775,68],{"class":60},[46,70777,438],{"class":426},[46,70779,1087],{"class":430},[46,70781,427],{"class":426},[46,70783,84],{"class":60},[46,70785,70786],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70787,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70789,70790,70793,70795,70797,70799,70801,70803,70805],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,70791,70792],{"class":52},"removed_name ",[46,70794,57],{"class":56},[46,70796,69735],{"class":52},[46,70798,507],{"class":60},[46,70800,26409],{"class":102},[46,70802,94],{"class":60},[46,70804,554],{"class":64},[46,70806,215],{"class":60},[46,70808,70809],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,70810,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70812,70813,70815,70817,70820],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,70814,91],{"class":90},[46,70816,94],{"class":60},[46,70818,70819],{"class":102},"removed_name",[46,70821,215],{"class":60},[46,70823,70824,70826,70828,70830],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,70825,91],{"class":90},[46,70827,94],{"class":60},[46,70829,5213],{"class":102},[46,70831,215],{"class":60},[20,70833,143],{},[37,70835,70837],{"className":39,"code":70836,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70838,70839,70843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70840,70841],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70842,50203],{"class":52},[46,70844,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853,70855,70857,70859,70861],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70846,1152],{"class":60},[46,70848,1188],{"class":426},[46,70850,1054],{"class":430},[46,70852,1188],{"class":426},[46,70854,68],{"class":60},[46,70856,1197],{"class":426},[46,70858,1087],{"class":430},[46,70860,1188],{"class":426},[46,70862,84],{"class":60},[20,70864,70865],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70867,70868,70869,70871,70872,507],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70870,55691],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70873,1326],{},[32,70875,70877],{"id":70876},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[283,70879,70881],{"id":70880},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70883,70884,70885,70887,70888,507],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70886,12931],{}," raises an ",[15,70889,70890],{},"IndexError",[37,70892,70894],{"className":39,"code":70893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70895,70896,70904],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70897,70898,70900,70902],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70899,1398],{"class":52},[46,70901,57],{"class":56},[46,70903,533],{"class":60},[46,70905,70906,70908,70910,70912],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70907,1415],{"class":52},[46,70909,507],{"class":60},[46,70911,26409],{"class":102},[46,70913,8814],{"class":60},[20,70915,143],{},[37,70917,70919],{"className":39,"code":70918,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70920,70921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70922,70923,70925,70927,70930,70933,70936],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70924,70890],{"class":1270},[46,70926,198],{"class":60},[46,70928,70929],{"class":52}," pop ",[46,70931,70932],{"class":1595},"from",[46,70934,70935],{"class":52}," empty ",[46,70937,50049],{"class":1270},[20,70939,39427],{},[172,70941,70942,70947],{},[175,70943,70944,70945],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70946,12931],{},[175,70948,70949,70950,2051,70952],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70951,29971],{},[15,70953,30002],{},[20,70955,2393],{},[37,70957,70959],{"className":39,"code":70958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70960,70961,70969,70973,70981,70995,71001],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,70962,70963,70965,70967],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,70964,1398],{"class":52},[46,70966,57],{"class":56},[46,70968,533],{"class":60},[46,70970,70971],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,70972,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,70974,70975,70977,70979],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,70976,7170],{"class":1595},[46,70978,6137],{"class":52},[46,70980,6566],{"class":60},[46,70982,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,70984,8240],{"class":90},[46,70986,94],{"class":60},[46,70988,1415],{"class":102},[46,70990,507],{"class":60},[46,70992,26409],{"class":102},[46,70994,7367],{"class":60},[46,70996,70997,70999],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,70998,27601],{"class":1595},[46,71000,6566],{"class":60},[46,71002,71003,71005,71007,71009,71012,71014],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,71004,8240],{"class":90},[46,71006,94],{"class":60},[46,71008,427],{"class":426},[46,71010,71011],{"class":430},"The list is empty.",[46,71013,427],{"class":426},[46,71015,215],{"class":60},[283,71017,71019],{"id":71018},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,71021,71022,71023,507],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,71024,70890],{},[37,71026,71028],{"className":39,"code":71027,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71029,71030,71050],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71031,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042,71044,71046,71048],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71033,53],{"class":52},[46,71035,57],{"class":56},[46,71037,61],{"class":60},[46,71039,1494],{"class":64},[46,71041,68],{"class":60},[46,71043,7962],{"class":64},[46,71045,68],{"class":60},[46,71047,7967],{"class":64},[46,71049,84],{"class":60},[46,71051,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060,71062],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71053,103],{"class":52},[46,71055,507],{"class":60},[46,71057,26409],{"class":102},[46,71059,94],{"class":60},[46,71061,65],{"class":64},[46,71063,215],{"class":60},[20,71065,143],{},[37,71067,71069],{"className":39,"code":71068,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71070,71071],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71072,71073,71075,71077,71080],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71074,70890],{"class":1270},[46,71076,198],{"class":60},[46,71078,71079],{"class":52}," pop index out of ",[46,71081,71082],{"class":90},"range\n",[20,71084,39427],{},[172,71086,71087,71092],{},[175,71088,71089,71090],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71091,498],{},[175,71093,71094],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[37,71096,71098],{"className":39,"code":71097,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71099,71100,71120,71129,71133,71155,71173,71179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71101,71102,71104,71106,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116,71118],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71103,53],{"class":52},[46,71105,57],{"class":56},[46,71107,61],{"class":60},[46,71109,1494],{"class":64},[46,71111,68],{"class":60},[46,71113,7962],{"class":64},[46,71115,68],{"class":60},[46,71117,7967],{"class":64},[46,71119,84],{"class":60},[46,71121,71122,71125,71127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71123,71124],{"class":52},"index ",[46,71126,57],{"class":56},[46,71128,45754],{"class":64},[46,71130,71131],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,71132,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,71134,71135,71137,71139,71142,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,71136,7170],{"class":1595},[46,71138,4015],{"class":64},[46,71140,71141],{"class":56}," \u003C=",[46,71143,71144],{"class":52}," index ",[46,71146,3476],{"class":56},[46,71148,38551],{"class":90},[46,71150,94],{"class":60},[46,71152,103],{"class":102},[46,71154,8514],{"class":60},[46,71156,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,71158,8240],{"class":90},[46,71160,94],{"class":60},[46,71162,103],{"class":102},[46,71164,507],{"class":60},[46,71166,26409],{"class":102},[46,71168,94],{"class":60},[46,71170,36016],{"class":102},[46,71172,106],{"class":60},[46,71174,71175,71177],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,71176,27601],{"class":1595},[46,71178,6566],{"class":60},[46,71180,71181,71183,71185,71187,71190,71192],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,71182,8240],{"class":90},[46,71184,94],{"class":60},[46,71186,427],{"class":426},[46,71188,71189],{"class":430},"Index is out of range.",[46,71191,427],{"class":426},[46,71193,215],{"class":60},[20,71195,71196,71197,507],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[501,71198,69418],{"href":69417},[283,71200,71202],{"id":71201},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71204,71205,71207],{},[15,71206,12931],{}," expects an integer index.",[37,71209,71211],{"className":39,"code":71210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71212,71213,71233],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71214,71215,71217,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71216,53],{"class":52},[46,71218,57],{"class":56},[46,71220,61],{"class":60},[46,71222,1494],{"class":64},[46,71224,68],{"class":60},[46,71226,7962],{"class":64},[46,71228,68],{"class":60},[46,71230,7967],{"class":64},[46,71232,84],{"class":60},[46,71234,71235,71237,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71236,103],{"class":52},[46,71238,507],{"class":60},[46,71240,26409],{"class":102},[46,71242,94],{"class":60},[46,71244,427],{"class":426},[46,71246,3175],{"class":430},[46,71248,427],{"class":426},[46,71250,215],{"class":60},[20,71252,143],{},[37,71254,71256],{"className":39,"code":71255,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71257,71258],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71259,71260,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71275,71278],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71261,1638],{"class":1270},[46,71263,198],{"class":60},[46,71265,1197],{"class":426},[46,71267,1769],{"class":430},[46,71269,1188],{"class":426},[46,71271,24785],{"class":1270},[46,71273,71274],{"class":52}," cannot be interpreted ",[46,71276,71277],{"class":1595},"as",[46,71279,71280],{"class":52}," an integer\n",[20,71282,39427],{},[172,71284,71285,71294],{},[175,71286,71287,71288,2374,71290,2378,71292],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71289,554],{},[15,71291,3175],{},[15,71293,66014],{},[175,71295,71296],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[37,71298,71300],{"className":39,"code":71299,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71301,71302,71322,71340,71344,71362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71303,71304,71306,71308,71310,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71305,53],{"class":52},[46,71307,57],{"class":56},[46,71309,61],{"class":60},[46,71311,1494],{"class":64},[46,71313,68],{"class":60},[46,71315,7962],{"class":64},[46,71317,68],{"class":60},[46,71319,7967],{"class":64},[46,71321,84],{"class":60},[46,71323,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332,71334,71336,71338],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71325,71124],{"class":52},[46,71327,57],{"class":56},[46,71329,45441],{"class":1270},[46,71331,94],{"class":60},[46,71333,427],{"class":426},[46,71335,3175],{"class":430},[46,71337,427],{"class":426},[46,71339,215],{"class":60},[46,71341,71342],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,71343,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,71345,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356,71358,71360],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,71347,91],{"class":90},[46,71349,94],{"class":60},[46,71351,103],{"class":102},[46,71353,507],{"class":60},[46,71355,26409],{"class":102},[46,71357,94],{"class":60},[46,71359,36016],{"class":102},[46,71361,106],{"class":60},[46,71363,71364,71366,71368,71370],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,71365,91],{"class":90},[46,71367,94],{"class":60},[46,71369,103],{"class":102},[46,71371,215],{"class":60},[20,71373,143],{},[37,71375,71377],{"className":39,"code":71376,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71378,71379,71384],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71380,71381],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71382,71383],{"class":64},"20\n",[46,71385,71386,71388,71390,71392,71394],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71387,1152],{"class":60},[46,71389,1494],{"class":64},[46,71391,68],{"class":60},[46,71393,7967],{"class":64},[46,71395,84],{"class":60},[32,71397,71399],{"id":71398},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71401,71402],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[283,71404,160,71406,1801],{"id":71405},"use-pop-when",[15,71407,12931],{},[172,71409,71410,71413,71416],{},[175,71411,71412],{},"you want to remove by index",[175,71414,71415],{},"you want the removed item returned",[175,71417,71418],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[283,71420,160,71422,1801],{"id":71421},"use-remove-when",[15,71423,55691],{},[172,71425,71426,71429],{},[175,71427,71428],{},"you want to remove by value",[175,71430,71431],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71433,71434],{},"Compare these examples:",[37,71436,71438],{"className":39,"code":71437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71439,71440,71464,71468,71486,71496],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71441,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71443,53],{"class":52},[46,71445,57],{"class":56},[46,71447,61],{"class":60},[46,71449,1494],{"class":64},[46,71451,68],{"class":60},[46,71453,7962],{"class":64},[46,71455,68],{"class":60},[46,71457,7967],{"class":64},[46,71459,68],{"class":60},[46,71461,7962],{"class":64},[46,71463,84],{"class":60},[46,71465,71466],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71467,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,71469,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,71471,70093],{"class":52},[46,71473,57],{"class":56},[46,71475,4437],{"class":52},[46,71477,507],{"class":60},[46,71479,26409],{"class":102},[46,71481,94],{"class":60},[46,71483,3175],{"class":64},[46,71485,215],{"class":60},[46,71487,71488,71490,71492,71494],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,71489,91],{"class":90},[46,71491,94],{"class":60},[46,71493,70116],{"class":102},[46,71495,215],{"class":60},[46,71497,71498,71500,71502,71504],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,71499,91],{"class":90},[46,71501,94],{"class":60},[46,71503,103],{"class":102},[46,71505,215],{"class":60},[20,71507,143],{},[37,71509,71511],{"className":39,"code":71510,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71512,71513,71517],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71514,71515],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71516,71383],{"class":64},[46,71518,71519,71521,71523,71525,71527,71529,71531],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71520,1152],{"class":60},[46,71522,1494],{"class":64},[46,71524,68],{"class":60},[46,71526,7967],{"class":64},[46,71528,68],{"class":60},[46,71530,7962],{"class":64},[46,71532,84],{"class":60},[37,71534,71536],{"className":39,"code":71535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71537,71538,71562,71566,71580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71539,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71541,53],{"class":52},[46,71543,57],{"class":56},[46,71545,61],{"class":60},[46,71547,1494],{"class":64},[46,71549,68],{"class":60},[46,71551,7962],{"class":64},[46,71553,68],{"class":60},[46,71555,7967],{"class":64},[46,71557,68],{"class":60},[46,71559,7962],{"class":64},[46,71561,84],{"class":60},[46,71563,71564],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71565,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,71569,103],{"class":52},[46,71571,507],{"class":60},[46,71573,34963],{"class":102},[46,71575,94],{"class":60},[46,71577,1501],{"class":64},[46,71579,215],{"class":60},[46,71581,71582,71584,71586,71588],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,71583,91],{"class":90},[46,71585,94],{"class":60},[46,71587,103],{"class":102},[46,71589,215],{"class":60},[20,71591,143],{},[37,71593,71595],{"className":39,"code":71594,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71596,71597],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71598,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609,71611],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71600,1152],{"class":60},[46,71602,1494],{"class":64},[46,71604,68],{"class":60},[46,71606,7967],{"class":64},[46,71608,68],{"class":60},[46,71610,7962],{"class":64},[46,71612,84],{"class":60},[20,71614,71615,71616,71619,71620,507],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71617,71618],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71621,3175],{},[20,71623,56767,71624,71627,71628,507],{},[15,71625,71626],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71629,1501],{},[20,71631,71632,71633,507],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[501,71634,55230],{"href":55229},[32,71636,1834],{"id":1833},[20,71638,71639,71640,198],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71641,12931],{},[172,71643,71644,71647,71650,71656,71660],{},[175,71645,71646],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[175,71648,71649],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[175,71651,37372,71652,8876,71654],{},[15,71653,12931],{},[15,71655,55691],{},[175,71657,1853,71658,62132],{},[15,71659,12931],{},[175,71661,71662],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71664,71665],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[37,71667,71669],{"className":39,"code":71668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71670,71671,71681,71695,71709,71727],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71672,71673,71675,71677,71679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71674,91],{"class":90},[46,71676,94],{"class":60},[46,71678,8511],{"class":102},[46,71680,215],{"class":60},[46,71682,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71684,91],{"class":90},[46,71686,94],{"class":60},[46,71688,476],{"class":90},[46,71690,94],{"class":60},[46,71692,8511],{"class":102},[46,71694,106],{"class":60},[46,71696,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705,71707],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,71698,91],{"class":90},[46,71700,94],{"class":60},[46,71702,8511],{"class":102},[46,71704,507],{"class":60},[46,71706,26409],{"class":102},[46,71708,7367],{"class":60},[46,71710,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,71712,91],{"class":90},[46,71714,94],{"class":60},[46,71716,8511],{"class":102},[46,71718,507],{"class":60},[46,71720,26409],{"class":102},[46,71722,94],{"class":60},[46,71724,554],{"class":64},[46,71726,106],{"class":60},[46,71728,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,71730,91],{"class":90},[46,71732,94],{"class":60},[46,71734,1889],{"class":1270},[46,71736,94],{"class":60},[46,71738,36016],{"class":102},[46,71740,106],{"class":60},[20,71742,71743],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[172,71745,71746,71752],{},[175,71747,71748,71751],{},[15,71749,71750],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[175,71753,71754,71757],{},[15,71755,71756],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71759,71760,71761,71764],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71762,71763],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[32,71766,1991],{"id":1990},[283,71768,71770],{"id":71769},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71772,71773,71774,71776],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71775,12931],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[283,71778,71780],{"id":71779},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71782,71783,71785,71786,71788,71789,507],{},[15,71784,12931],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71787,55691],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71790,1326],{},[283,71792,71794],{"id":71793},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71796,71797,71798,71801],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71799,71800],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[283,71803,2015],{"id":2014},[20,71805,71806,71807,71809],{},"Python raises ",[15,71808,70890],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[32,71811,2065],{"id":2064},[172,71813,71814,71818,71823,71828,71833],{},[175,71815,71816],{},[501,71817,55677],{"href":55229},[175,71819,71820],{},[501,71821,71822],{"href":55234},"Python list remove() method",[175,71824,71825],{},[501,71826,71827],{"href":59124},"Python list index() method",[175,71829,71830],{},[501,71831,71832],{"href":51143},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[175,71834,71835],{},[501,71836,69418],{"href":69417},[2103,71838,71839],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":71841},[71842,71843,71844,71845,71846,71847,71848,71853,71859,71860,71866],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":70019,"depth":87,"text":70020},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":70329,"depth":87,"text":70330},{"id":70458,"depth":87,"text":70459},{"id":70729,"depth":87,"text":70730},{"id":70876,"depth":87,"text":70877,"children":71849},[71850,71851,71852],{"id":70880,"depth":109,"text":70881},{"id":71018,"depth":109,"text":71019},{"id":71201,"depth":109,"text":71202},{"id":71398,"depth":87,"text":71399,"children":71854},[71855,71857],{"id":71405,"depth":109,"text":71856},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71421,"depth":109,"text":71858},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":71861},[71862,71863,71864,71865],{"id":71769,"depth":109,"text":71770},{"id":71779,"depth":109,"text":71780},{"id":71793,"depth":109,"text":71794},{"id":2014,"depth":109,"text":2015},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69886,"description":71867},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71874,"title":71875,"body":71876,"description":73661,"extension":2150,"meta":73662,"navigation":112,"path":73663,"seo":73664,"stem":73665,"__hash__":73666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71877,"toc":73643},[71878,71881,71886,71892,71894,71964,71970,71974,71979,72000,72003,72070,72072,72093,72101,72103,72122,72138,72140,72205,72207,72232,72234,72236,72301,72303,72328,72330,72344,72347,72400,72402,72423,72427,72435,72508,72510,72543,72549,72555,72646,72648,72673,72679,72768,72770,72794,72796,72800,72855,72857,72889,72892,72895,72989,72991,73024,73030,73035,73039,73046,73072,73076,73141,73143,73168,73172,73253,73255,73284,73289,73294,73300,73304,73311,73333,73337,73396,73398,73422,73431,73436,73438,73442,73471,73473,73548,73551,73565,73571,73573,73577,73580,73584,73589,73593,73602,73606,73614,73616,73640],[10,71879,71875],{"id":71880},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71882,882,71883,71885],{},[15,71884,55237],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71887,71888,71889,71891],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3924,71890,2659],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[32,71893,35],{"id":34},[37,71895,71897],{"className":39,"code":71896,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71898,71899,71931,71949,71959],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,71900,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,71902,1398],{"class":52},[46,71904,57],{"class":56},[46,71906,61],{"class":60},[46,71908,427],{"class":426},[46,71910,756],{"class":430},[46,71912,427],{"class":426},[46,71914,68],{"class":60},[46,71916,438],{"class":426},[46,71918,450],{"class":430},[46,71920,427],{"class":426},[46,71922,68],{"class":60},[46,71924,438],{"class":426},[46,71926,33389],{"class":430},[46,71928,427],{"class":426},[46,71930,84],{"class":60},[46,71932,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943,71945,71947],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,71934,1415],{"class":52},[46,71936,507],{"class":60},[46,71938,34963],{"class":102},[46,71940,94],{"class":60},[46,71942,427],{"class":426},[46,71944,450],{"class":430},[46,71946,427],{"class":426},[46,71948,215],{"class":60},[46,71950,71951,71953,71955,71957],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,71952,91],{"class":90},[46,71954,94],{"class":60},[46,71956,1415],{"class":102},[46,71958,215],{"class":60},[46,71960,71961],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,71962,71963],{"class":3845},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71965,160,71966,71969],{},[15,71967,71968],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[32,71971,71973],{"id":71972},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71975,71976,71978],{},[15,71977,55691],{}," is a list method that:",[172,71980,71981,71987,71992,71997],{},[175,71982,71983,71984,71986],{},"Deletes the ",[3924,71985,30076],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[175,71988,71989,71990],{},"Changes the original list ",[3924,71991,11502],{},[175,71993,12872,71994,71996],{},[3924,71995,4805],{}," return a new list",[175,71998,71999],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,72001,72002],{},"This is important for beginners:",[37,72004,72006],{"className":39,"code":72005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,72007,72008,72028,72046,72050,72060],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72009,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72011,53],{"class":52},[46,72013,57],{"class":56},[46,72015,61],{"class":60},[46,72017,3175],{"class":64},[46,72019,68],{"class":60},[46,72021,71],{"class":64},[46,72023,68],{"class":60},[46,72025,312],{"class":64},[46,72027,84],{"class":60},[46,72029,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72031,2416],{"class":52},[46,72033,57],{"class":56},[46,72035,4437],{"class":52},[46,72037,507],{"class":60},[46,72039,34963],{"class":102},[46,72041,94],{"class":60},[46,72043,2243],{"class":64},[46,72045,215],{"class":60},[46,72047,72048],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72049,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,72051,72052,72054,72056,72058],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,72053,91],{"class":90},[46,72055,94],{"class":60},[46,72057,103],{"class":102},[46,72059,215],{"class":60},[46,72061,72062,72064,72066,72068],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,72063,91],{"class":90},[46,72065,94],{"class":60},[46,72067,2451],{"class":102},[46,72069,215],{"class":60},[20,72071,143],{},[37,72073,72075],{"className":39,"code":72074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72076,72077,72089],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72078,72079,72081,72083,72085,72087],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72080,1152],{"class":60},[46,72082,3175],{"class":64},[46,72084,68],{"class":60},[46,72086,312],{"class":64},[46,72088,84],{"class":60},[46,72090,72091],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72092,1333],{"class":1325},[20,72094,72095,72096,72098,72099,507],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72097,55691],{}," itself returned ",[15,72100,1326],{},[32,72102,5603],{"id":5602},[37,72104,72106],{"className":39,"code":72105,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72107,72108],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72109,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72111,8265],{"class":1270},[46,72113,507],{"class":60},[46,72115,34963],{"class":102},[46,72117,94],{"class":60},[46,72119,2659],{"class":102},[46,72121,215],{"class":60},[172,72123,72124,72129,72132],{},[175,72125,72126,72128],{},[15,72127,2659],{}," is the item you want to delete",[175,72130,72131],{},"Python searches from left to right",[175,72133,72134,72135,72137],{},"Only the ",[3924,72136,30076],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72139,2393],{},[37,72141,72143],{"className":39,"code":72142,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72144,72145,72177,72195],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72146,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72148,36259],{"class":52},[46,72150,57],{"class":56},[46,72152,61],{"class":60},[46,72154,427],{"class":426},[46,72156,501],{"class":430},[46,72158,427],{"class":426},[46,72160,68],{"class":60},[46,72162,438],{"class":426},[46,72164,4935],{"class":430},[46,72166,427],{"class":426},[46,72168,68],{"class":60},[46,72170,438],{"class":426},[46,72172,9908],{"class":430},[46,72174,427],{"class":426},[46,72176,84],{"class":60},[46,72178,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72180,36312],{"class":52},[46,72182,507],{"class":60},[46,72184,34963],{"class":102},[46,72186,94],{"class":60},[46,72188,427],{"class":426},[46,72190,4935],{"class":430},[46,72192,427],{"class":426},[46,72194,215],{"class":60},[46,72196,72197,72199,72201,72203],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72198,91],{"class":90},[46,72200,94],{"class":60},[46,72202,36312],{"class":102},[46,72204,215],{"class":60},[20,72206,143],{},[37,72208,72210],{"className":39,"code":72209,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72211,72212],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72213,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226,72228,72230],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72215,1152],{"class":60},[46,72217,1188],{"class":426},[46,72219,501],{"class":430},[46,72221,1188],{"class":426},[46,72223,68],{"class":60},[46,72225,1197],{"class":426},[46,72227,9908],{"class":430},[46,72229,1188],{"class":426},[46,72231,84],{"class":60},[32,72233,5958],{"id":5957},[20,72235,65335],{},[37,72237,72239],{"className":39,"code":72238,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72240,72241,72273,72291],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72242,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269,72271],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72244,13243],{"class":52},[46,72246,57],{"class":56},[46,72248,61],{"class":60},[46,72250,427],{"class":426},[46,72252,13260],{"class":430},[46,72254,427],{"class":426},[46,72256,68],{"class":60},[46,72258,438],{"class":426},[46,72260,13277],{"class":430},[46,72262,427],{"class":426},[46,72264,68],{"class":60},[46,72266,438],{"class":426},[46,72268,17622],{"class":430},[46,72270,427],{"class":426},[46,72272,84],{"class":60},[46,72274,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72276,17669],{"class":52},[46,72278,507],{"class":60},[46,72280,34963],{"class":102},[46,72282,94],{"class":60},[46,72284,427],{"class":426},[46,72286,13277],{"class":430},[46,72288,427],{"class":426},[46,72290,215],{"class":60},[46,72292,72293,72295,72297,72299],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72294,91],{"class":90},[46,72296,94],{"class":60},[46,72298,17669],{"class":102},[46,72300,215],{"class":60},[20,72302,143],{},[37,72304,72306],{"className":39,"code":72305,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72307,72308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72309,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72311,1152],{"class":60},[46,72313,1188],{"class":426},[46,72315,13260],{"class":430},[46,72317,1188],{"class":426},[46,72319,68],{"class":60},[46,72321,1197],{"class":426},[46,72323,17622],{"class":430},[46,72325,1188],{"class":426},[46,72327,84],{"class":60},[20,72329,11852],{},[172,72331,72332,72335,72341],{},[175,72333,72334],{},"A list is created with three values",[175,72336,72337,72340],{},[15,72338,72339],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[175,72342,72343],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72345,72346],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[37,72348,72350],{"className":39,"code":72349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72351,72352,72376,72390],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72353,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72355,596],{"class":52},[46,72357,57],{"class":56},[46,72359,61],{"class":60},[46,72361,1494],{"class":64},[46,72363,68],{"class":60},[46,72365,7962],{"class":64},[46,72367,68],{"class":60},[46,72369,7967],{"class":64},[46,72371,68],{"class":60},[46,72373,51007],{"class":64},[46,72375,84],{"class":60},[46,72377,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72379,633],{"class":52},[46,72381,507],{"class":60},[46,72383,34963],{"class":102},[46,72385,94],{"class":60},[46,72387,37010],{"class":64},[46,72389,215],{"class":60},[46,72391,72392,72394,72396,72398],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72393,91],{"class":90},[46,72395,94],{"class":60},[46,72397,633],{"class":102},[46,72399,215],{"class":60},[20,72401,143],{},[37,72403,72405],{"className":39,"code":72404,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72406,72407],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72408,72409,72411,72413,72415,72417,72419,72421],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72410,1152],{"class":60},[46,72412,1494],{"class":64},[46,72414,68],{"class":60},[46,72416,7962],{"class":64},[46,72418,68],{"class":60},[46,72420,51007],{"class":64},[46,72422,84],{"class":60},[32,72424,72426],{"id":72425},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72428,65325,72429,72431,72432,72434],{},[15,72430,55691],{}," deletes only the ",[3924,72433,30076],{}," one.",[37,72436,72438],{"className":39,"code":72437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72439,72440,72480,72498],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72441,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72443,1398],{"class":52},[46,72445,57],{"class":56},[46,72447,61],{"class":60},[46,72449,427],{"class":426},[46,72451,756],{"class":430},[46,72453,427],{"class":426},[46,72455,68],{"class":60},[46,72457,438],{"class":426},[46,72459,450],{"class":430},[46,72461,427],{"class":426},[46,72463,68],{"class":60},[46,72465,438],{"class":426},[46,72467,756],{"class":430},[46,72469,427],{"class":426},[46,72471,68],{"class":60},[46,72473,438],{"class":426},[46,72475,33389],{"class":430},[46,72477,427],{"class":426},[46,72479,84],{"class":60},[46,72481,72482,72484,72486,72488,72490,72492,72494,72496],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72483,1415],{"class":52},[46,72485,507],{"class":60},[46,72487,34963],{"class":102},[46,72489,94],{"class":60},[46,72491,427],{"class":426},[46,72493,756],{"class":430},[46,72495,427],{"class":426},[46,72497,215],{"class":60},[46,72499,72500,72502,72504,72506],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72501,91],{"class":90},[46,72503,94],{"class":60},[46,72505,1415],{"class":102},[46,72507,215],{"class":60},[20,72509,143],{},[37,72511,72513],{"className":39,"code":72512,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72514,72515],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72516,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72518,1152],{"class":60},[46,72520,1188],{"class":426},[46,72522,450],{"class":430},[46,72524,1188],{"class":426},[46,72526,68],{"class":60},[46,72528,1197],{"class":426},[46,72530,756],{"class":430},[46,72532,1188],{"class":426},[46,72534,68],{"class":60},[46,72536,1197],{"class":426},[46,72538,33389],{"class":430},[46,72540,1188],{"class":426},[46,72542,84],{"class":60},[20,72544,72545,72546,72548],{},"Only the first ",[15,72547,57994],{}," was removed.",[20,72550,72551,72552,72554],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72553,55691],{}," again:",[37,72556,72558],{"className":39,"code":72557,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72559,72560,72600,72618,72636],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72561,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72563,1398],{"class":52},[46,72565,57],{"class":56},[46,72567,61],{"class":60},[46,72569,427],{"class":426},[46,72571,756],{"class":430},[46,72573,427],{"class":426},[46,72575,68],{"class":60},[46,72577,438],{"class":426},[46,72579,450],{"class":430},[46,72581,427],{"class":426},[46,72583,68],{"class":60},[46,72585,438],{"class":426},[46,72587,756],{"class":430},[46,72589,427],{"class":426},[46,72591,68],{"class":60},[46,72593,438],{"class":426},[46,72595,33389],{"class":430},[46,72597,427],{"class":426},[46,72599,84],{"class":60},[46,72601,72602,72604,72606,72608,72610,72612,72614,72616],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72603,1415],{"class":52},[46,72605,507],{"class":60},[46,72607,34963],{"class":102},[46,72609,94],{"class":60},[46,72611,427],{"class":426},[46,72613,756],{"class":430},[46,72615,427],{"class":426},[46,72617,215],{"class":60},[46,72619,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72621,1415],{"class":52},[46,72623,507],{"class":60},[46,72625,34963],{"class":102},[46,72627,94],{"class":60},[46,72629,427],{"class":426},[46,72631,756],{"class":430},[46,72633,427],{"class":426},[46,72635,215],{"class":60},[46,72637,72638,72640,72642,72644],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,72639,91],{"class":90},[46,72641,94],{"class":60},[46,72643,1415],{"class":102},[46,72645,215],{"class":60},[20,72647,143],{},[37,72649,72651],{"className":39,"code":72650,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72652,72653],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72654,72655,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665,72667,72669,72671],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72656,1152],{"class":60},[46,72658,1188],{"class":426},[46,72660,450],{"class":430},[46,72662,1188],{"class":426},[46,72664,68],{"class":60},[46,72666,1197],{"class":426},[46,72668,33389],{"class":430},[46,72670,1188],{"class":426},[46,72672,84],{"class":60},[20,72674,72675,72676,72678],{},"If you need to remove ",[3924,72677,3897],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[37,72680,72682],{"className":39,"code":72681,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72683,72684,72724,72758],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72685,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72716,72718,72720,72722],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72687,1398],{"class":52},[46,72689,57],{"class":56},[46,72691,61],{"class":60},[46,72693,427],{"class":426},[46,72695,756],{"class":430},[46,72697,427],{"class":426},[46,72699,68],{"class":60},[46,72701,438],{"class":426},[46,72703,450],{"class":430},[46,72705,427],{"class":426},[46,72707,68],{"class":60},[46,72709,438],{"class":426},[46,72711,756],{"class":430},[46,72713,427],{"class":426},[46,72715,68],{"class":60},[46,72717,438],{"class":426},[46,72719,33389],{"class":430},[46,72721,427],{"class":426},[46,72723,84],{"class":60},[46,72725,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72743,72745,72747,72750,72752,72754,72756],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72727,1398],{"class":52},[46,72729,57],{"class":56},[46,72731,61],{"class":60},[46,72733,28706],{"class":52},[46,72735,6129],{"class":1595},[46,72737,6132],{"class":52},[46,72739,1602],{"class":1595},[46,72741,72742],{"class":52}," items ",[46,72744,7170],{"class":1595},[46,72746,6132],{"class":52},[46,72748,72749],{"class":56},"!=",[46,72751,438],{"class":426},[46,72753,756],{"class":430},[46,72755,427],{"class":426},[46,72757,84],{"class":60},[46,72759,72760,72762,72764,72766],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72761,91],{"class":90},[46,72763,94],{"class":60},[46,72765,1415],{"class":102},[46,72767,215],{"class":60},[20,72769,143],{},[37,72771,72772],{"className":39,"code":72650,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,72773,72774],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72775,72776,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72777,1152],{"class":60},[46,72779,1188],{"class":426},[46,72781,450],{"class":430},[46,72783,1188],{"class":426},[46,72785,68],{"class":60},[46,72787,1197],{"class":426},[46,72789,33389],{"class":430},[46,72791,1188],{"class":426},[46,72793,84],{"class":60},[32,72795,65791],{"id":65790},[20,72797,65794,72798,507],{},[15,72799,573],{},[37,72801,72803],{"className":39,"code":72802,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72804,72805,72837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72806,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72808,1398],{"class":52},[46,72810,57],{"class":56},[46,72812,61],{"class":60},[46,72814,427],{"class":426},[46,72816,756],{"class":430},[46,72818,427],{"class":426},[46,72820,68],{"class":60},[46,72822,438],{"class":426},[46,72824,450],{"class":430},[46,72826,427],{"class":426},[46,72828,68],{"class":60},[46,72830,438],{"class":426},[46,72832,33389],{"class":430},[46,72834,427],{"class":426},[46,72836,84],{"class":60},[46,72838,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72840,1415],{"class":52},[46,72842,507],{"class":60},[46,72844,34963],{"class":102},[46,72846,94],{"class":60},[46,72848,427],{"class":426},[46,72850,22700],{"class":430},[46,72852,427],{"class":426},[46,72854,215],{"class":60},[20,72856,143],{},[37,72858,72860],{"className":39,"code":72859,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72861,72862],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72863,72864,72866,72868,72870,72872,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72865,573],{"class":1270},[46,72867,198],{"class":60},[46,72869,22727],{"class":1270},[46,72871,507],{"class":60},[46,72873,34963],{"class":102},[46,72875,94],{"class":60},[46,72877,1589],{"class":102},[46,72879,16617],{"class":60},[46,72881,1599],{"class":52},[46,72883,4805],{"class":56},[46,72885,21341],{"class":56},[46,72887,72888],{"class":1270}," list\n",[20,72890,72891],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72893,72894],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[37,72896,72898],{"className":39,"code":72897,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72899,72900,72932,72944,72948,72960,72975,72979],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72901,72902,72904,72906,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926,72928,72930],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72903,1398],{"class":52},[46,72905,57],{"class":56},[46,72907,61],{"class":60},[46,72909,427],{"class":426},[46,72911,756],{"class":430},[46,72913,427],{"class":426},[46,72915,68],{"class":60},[46,72917,438],{"class":426},[46,72919,450],{"class":430},[46,72921,427],{"class":426},[46,72923,68],{"class":60},[46,72925,438],{"class":426},[46,72927,33389],{"class":430},[46,72929,427],{"class":426},[46,72931,84],{"class":60},[46,72933,72934,72936,72938,72940,72942],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,72935,2633],{"class":52},[46,72937,57],{"class":56},[46,72939,438],{"class":426},[46,72941,22700],{"class":430},[46,72943,3544],{"class":426},[46,72945,72946],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,72947,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,72949,72950,72952,72954,72956,72958],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,72951,7170],{"class":1595},[46,72953,21751],{"class":52},[46,72955,1602],{"class":56},[46,72957,6137],{"class":52},[46,72959,6566],{"class":60},[46,72961,72962,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,72963,72964],{"class":52},"    items",[46,72966,507],{"class":60},[46,72968,34963],{"class":102},[46,72970,94],{"class":60},[46,72972,2659],{"class":102},[46,72974,215],{"class":60},[46,72976,72977],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,72978,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,72980,72981,72983,72985,72987],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,72982,91],{"class":90},[46,72984,94],{"class":60},[46,72986,1415],{"class":102},[46,72988,215],{"class":60},[20,72990,143],{},[37,72992,72994],{"className":39,"code":72993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72995,72996],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,72997,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,72999,1152],{"class":60},[46,73001,1188],{"class":426},[46,73003,756],{"class":430},[46,73005,1188],{"class":426},[46,73007,68],{"class":60},[46,73009,1197],{"class":426},[46,73011,450],{"class":430},[46,73013,1188],{"class":426},[46,73015,68],{"class":60},[46,73017,1197],{"class":426},[46,73019,33389],{"class":430},[46,73021,1188],{"class":426},[46,73023,84],{"class":60},[20,73025,73026,73027,73029],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73028,55691],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73031,73032,73033,507],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[501,73034,1368],{"href":1367},[32,73036,73038],{"id":73037},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73040,73041,2051,73043,73045],{},[15,73042,55691],{},[15,73044,12931],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[172,73047,73048,73055,73061,73067],{},[175,73049,73050,73052,73053],{},[15,73051,55691],{}," deletes by ",[3924,73054,2659],{},[175,73056,73057,73052,73059],{},[15,73058,12931],{},[3924,73060,36016],{},[175,73062,73063,2583,73065],{},[15,73064,55691],{},[15,73066,1326],{},[175,73068,73069,73071],{},[15,73070,12931],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73073,46205,73074,198],{},[15,73075,55691],{},[37,73077,73079],{"className":39,"code":73078,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73080,73081,73113,73131],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73082,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73084,1398],{"class":52},[46,73086,57],{"class":56},[46,73088,61],{"class":60},[46,73090,427],{"class":426},[46,73092,756],{"class":430},[46,73094,427],{"class":426},[46,73096,68],{"class":60},[46,73098,438],{"class":426},[46,73100,450],{"class":430},[46,73102,427],{"class":426},[46,73104,68],{"class":60},[46,73106,438],{"class":426},[46,73108,33389],{"class":430},[46,73110,427],{"class":426},[46,73112,84],{"class":60},[46,73114,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125,73127,73129],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73116,1415],{"class":52},[46,73118,507],{"class":60},[46,73120,34963],{"class":102},[46,73122,94],{"class":60},[46,73124,427],{"class":426},[46,73126,450],{"class":430},[46,73128,427],{"class":426},[46,73130,215],{"class":60},[46,73132,73133,73135,73137,73139],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,73134,91],{"class":90},[46,73136,94],{"class":60},[46,73138,1415],{"class":102},[46,73140,215],{"class":60},[20,73142,143],{},[37,73144,73146],{"className":39,"code":73145,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73147,73148],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73149,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73151,1152],{"class":60},[46,73153,1188],{"class":426},[46,73155,756],{"class":430},[46,73157,1188],{"class":426},[46,73159,68],{"class":60},[46,73161,1197],{"class":426},[46,73163,33389],{"class":430},[46,73165,1188],{"class":426},[46,73167,84],{"class":60},[20,73169,46205,73170,198],{},[15,73171,12931],{},[37,73173,73175],{"className":39,"code":73174,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73176,73177,73209,73228,73232,73242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73178,73179,73181,73183,73185,73187,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73180,1398],{"class":52},[46,73182,57],{"class":56},[46,73184,61],{"class":60},[46,73186,427],{"class":426},[46,73188,756],{"class":430},[46,73190,427],{"class":426},[46,73192,68],{"class":60},[46,73194,438],{"class":426},[46,73196,450],{"class":430},[46,73198,427],{"class":426},[46,73200,68],{"class":60},[46,73202,438],{"class":426},[46,73204,33389],{"class":430},[46,73206,427],{"class":426},[46,73208,84],{"class":60},[46,73210,73211,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224,73226],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73212,73213],{"class":52},"removed_item ",[46,73215,57],{"class":56},[46,73217,6137],{"class":52},[46,73219,507],{"class":60},[46,73221,26409],{"class":102},[46,73223,94],{"class":60},[46,73225,3175],{"class":64},[46,73227,215],{"class":60},[46,73229,73230],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,73231,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,73233,73234,73236,73238,73240],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,73235,91],{"class":90},[46,73237,94],{"class":60},[46,73239,1415],{"class":102},[46,73241,215],{"class":60},[46,73243,73244,73246,73248,73251],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,73245,91],{"class":90},[46,73247,94],{"class":60},[46,73249,73250],{"class":102},"removed_item",[46,73252,215],{"class":60},[20,73254,143],{},[37,73256,73258],{"className":39,"code":73257,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73259,73260,73280],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73261,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73263,1152],{"class":60},[46,73265,1188],{"class":426},[46,73267,756],{"class":430},[46,73269,1188],{"class":426},[46,73271,68],{"class":60},[46,73273,1197],{"class":426},[46,73275,33389],{"class":430},[46,73277,1188],{"class":426},[46,73279,84],{"class":60},[46,73281,73282],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73283,70565],{"class":52},[20,73285,160,73286,73288],{},[15,73287,55691],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73290,160,73291,73293],{},[15,73292,12931],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73295,73296,73297,507],{},"For more detail, see the ",[501,73298,73299],{"href":55241},"Python list pop() method",[32,73301,73303],{"id":73302},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73305,73306,2051,73308,73310],{},[15,73307,55691],{},[15,73309,27192],{}," are also different.",[172,73312,73313,73318,73323,73328],{},[175,73314,73315,73317],{},[15,73316,55691],{}," deletes by matching value",[175,73319,73320,73322],{},[15,73321,27192],{}," deletes by index or slice",[175,73324,160,73325,73327],{},[15,73326,27192],{}," when you know the position",[175,73329,160,73330,73332],{},[15,73331,55691],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73334,46205,73335,198],{},[15,73336,27192],{},[37,73338,73340],{"className":39,"code":73339,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73341,73342,73374,73386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73343,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73345,1398],{"class":52},[46,73347,57],{"class":56},[46,73349,61],{"class":60},[46,73351,427],{"class":426},[46,73353,756],{"class":430},[46,73355,427],{"class":426},[46,73357,68],{"class":60},[46,73359,438],{"class":426},[46,73361,450],{"class":430},[46,73363,427],{"class":426},[46,73365,68],{"class":60},[46,73367,438],{"class":426},[46,73369,33389],{"class":430},[46,73371,427],{"class":426},[46,73373,84],{"class":60},[46,73375,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73377,27192],{"class":1595},[46,73379,6137],{"class":52},[46,73381,1152],{"class":60},[46,73383,3175],{"class":64},[46,73385,84],{"class":60},[46,73387,73388,73390,73392,73394],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,73389,91],{"class":90},[46,73391,94],{"class":60},[46,73393,1415],{"class":102},[46,73395,215],{"class":60},[20,73397,143],{},[37,73399,73400],{"className":39,"code":73145,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,73401,73402],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73403,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416,73418,73420],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73405,1152],{"class":60},[46,73407,1188],{"class":426},[46,73409,756],{"class":430},[46,73411,1188],{"class":426},[46,73413,68],{"class":60},[46,73415,1197],{"class":426},[46,73417,33389],{"class":430},[46,73419,1188],{"class":426},[46,73421,84],{"class":60},[20,73423,73424,73425,73427,73428,73430],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73426,3175],{},", not the value ",[15,73429,65435],{}," directly.",[20,73432,73433,73434,507],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[501,73435,55230],{"href":55229},[32,73437,1834],{"id":1833},[20,73439,21379,73440,198],{},[15,73441,55691],{},[172,73443,73444,73447,73452,73459,73468],{},[175,73445,73446],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[175,73448,1853,73449,73451],{},[15,73450,55691],{}," to delete all matching values",[175,73453,12762,73454,73456,73457],{},[15,73455,55691],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73458,1326],{},[175,73460,578,73461,44794,73463,3065,73465,73467],{},[15,73462,55691],{},[15,73464,12931],{},[15,73466,27192],{}," would be a better fit",[175,73469,73470],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73472,71665],{},[37,73474,73476],{"className":39,"code":73475,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73477,73478,73488,73502,73520,73534],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73479,73480,73482,73484,73486],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73481,91],{"class":90},[46,73483,94],{"class":60},[46,73485,8511],{"class":102},[46,73487,215],{"class":60},[46,73489,73490,73492,73494,73496,73498,73500],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73491,91],{"class":90},[46,73493,94],{"class":60},[46,73495,2633],{"class":102},[46,73497,1602],{"class":1595},[46,73499,8568],{"class":102},[46,73501,215],{"class":60},[46,73503,73504,73506,73508,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,73505,91],{"class":90},[46,73507,94],{"class":60},[46,73509,8511],{"class":102},[46,73511,507],{"class":60},[46,73513,41424],{"class":102},[46,73515,94],{"class":60},[46,73517,2659],{"class":102},[46,73519,106],{"class":60},[46,73521,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,73523,91],{"class":90},[46,73525,94],{"class":60},[46,73527,1889],{"class":1270},[46,73529,94],{"class":60},[46,73531,8511],{"class":102},[46,73533,106],{"class":60},[46,73535,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,73537,32320],{"class":90},[46,73539,94],{"class":60},[46,73541,8265],{"class":1270},[46,73543,507],{"class":60},[46,73545,34963],{"class":1774},[46,73547,215],{"class":60},[20,73549,73550],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[172,73552,73553,73556,73559,73562],{},[175,73554,73555],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[175,73557,73558],{},"How many times does it appear?",[175,73560,73561],{},"Am I working with a list?",[175,73563,73564],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73566,73567,73568,73570],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[501,73569,71827],{"href":59124}," may also help.",[32,73572,1991],{"id":1990},[283,73574,73576],{"id":73575},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73578,73579],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[283,73581,73583],{"id":73582},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73585,5320,73586,73588],{},[15,73587,1326],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[283,73590,73592],{"id":73591},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73594,73595,73596,73599,73600,507],{},"Check with ",[15,73597,73598],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73601,55691],{},[283,73603,73605],{"id":73604},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73607,160,73608,73610,73611,73613],{},[15,73609,55691],{}," for a value and ",[15,73612,12931],{}," for an index.",[32,73615,2065],{"id":2064},[172,73617,73618,73622,73626,73630,73634],{},[175,73619,73620],{},[501,73621,55677],{"href":55229},[175,73623,73624],{},[501,73625,73299],{"href":55241},[175,73627,73628],{},[501,73629,71827],{"href":59124},[175,73631,73632],{},[501,73633,1368],{"href":1367},[175,73635,73636],{},[501,73637,73639],{"href":73638},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2103,73641,73642],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":73644},[73645,73646,73647,73648,73649,73650,73651,73652,73653,73654,73660],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":71972,"depth":87,"text":71973},{"id":5602,"depth":87,"text":5603},{"id":5957,"depth":87,"text":5958},{"id":72425,"depth":87,"text":72426},{"id":65790,"depth":87,"text":65791},{"id":73037,"depth":87,"text":73038},{"id":73302,"depth":87,"text":73303},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":73655},[73656,73657,73658,73659],{"id":73575,"depth":109,"text":73576},{"id":73582,"depth":109,"text":73583},{"id":73591,"depth":109,"text":73592},{"id":73604,"depth":109,"text":73605},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71875,"description":73661},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73668,"title":73669,"body":73670,"description":75559,"extension":2150,"meta":75560,"navigation":112,"path":75561,"seo":75562,"stem":75563,"__hash__":75564},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73671,"toc":75529},[73672,73678,73684,73687,73698,73700,73749,73754,73759,73763,73778,73780,73845,73847,73888,73890,73892,73907,73909,73920,73922,73979,73981,74014,74016,74019,74068,74070,74095,74097,74113,74119,74126,74187,74189,74222,74227,74230,74310,74312,74373,74379,74383,74386,74450,74452,74477,74479,74499,74501,74550,74552,74573,74581,74584,74588,74593,74638,74640,74661,74667,74672,74679,74743,74745,74782,74788,74792,74799,74864,74866,74903,74907,74924,74934,74939,74944,74955,74962,74964,74970,74993,74996,75023,75028,75031,75132,75134,75189,75192,75299,75301,75372,75375,75401,75403,75408,75412,75420,75425,75430,75436,75441,75445,75448,75465,75468,75488,75496,75498,75526],[10,73673,54504,73675,11490],{"id":73674},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73676,73677],{},"reverse()",[20,73679,73680,73683],{},[15,73681,73682],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73685,73686],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73688,73689,73690,73692,73693,73697],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73691,73677],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[501,73694,73696],{"href":73695},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[32,73699,3792],{"id":3791},[37,73701,73703],{"className":39,"code":73702,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73704,73705,73725,73736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73706,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73708,53],{"class":52},[46,73710,57],{"class":56},[46,73712,61],{"class":60},[46,73714,3175],{"class":64},[46,73716,68],{"class":60},[46,73718,71],{"class":64},[46,73720,68],{"class":60},[46,73722,312],{"class":64},[46,73724,84],{"class":60},[46,73726,73727,73729,73731,73734],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73728,103],{"class":52},[46,73730,507],{"class":60},[46,73732,73733],{"class":102},"reverse",[46,73735,8814],{"class":60},[46,73737,73738,73740,73742,73744,73746],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,73739,91],{"class":90},[46,73741,94],{"class":60},[46,73743,103],{"class":102},[46,73745,1592],{"class":60},[46,73747,73748],{"class":3845},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73750,73751,73753],{},[15,73752,73677],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[32,73755,167,73757,170],{"id":73756},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73758,73682],{},[20,73760,73761,198],{},[15,73762,73682],{},[172,73764,73765,73768,73771,73775],{},[175,73766,73767],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[175,73769,73770],{},"Changes the original list directly",[175,73772,11592,73773],{},[15,73774,1326],{},[175,73776,73777],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73779,2393],{},[37,73781,73783],{"className":39,"code":73782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73784,73785,73825,73835],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73786,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805,73807,73809,73811,73813,73815,73817,73819,73821,73823],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73788,36259],{"class":52},[46,73790,57],{"class":56},[46,73792,61],{"class":60},[46,73794,427],{"class":426},[46,73796,501],{"class":430},[46,73798,427],{"class":426},[46,73800,68],{"class":60},[46,73802,438],{"class":426},[46,73804,4935],{"class":430},[46,73806,427],{"class":426},[46,73808,68],{"class":60},[46,73810,438],{"class":426},[46,73812,9908],{"class":430},[46,73814,427],{"class":426},[46,73816,68],{"class":60},[46,73818,438],{"class":426},[46,73820,18935],{"class":430},[46,73822,427],{"class":426},[46,73824,84],{"class":60},[46,73826,73827,73829,73831,73833],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73828,36312],{"class":52},[46,73830,507],{"class":60},[46,73832,73733],{"class":102},[46,73834,8814],{"class":60},[46,73836,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,73838,91],{"class":90},[46,73840,94],{"class":60},[46,73842,36312],{"class":102},[46,73844,215],{"class":60},[20,73846,143],{},[37,73848,73850],{"className":39,"code":73849,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73851,73852],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73853,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884,73886],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73855,1152],{"class":60},[46,73857,1188],{"class":426},[46,73859,18935],{"class":430},[46,73861,1188],{"class":426},[46,73863,68],{"class":60},[46,73865,1197],{"class":426},[46,73867,9908],{"class":430},[46,73869,1188],{"class":426},[46,73871,68],{"class":60},[46,73873,1197],{"class":426},[46,73875,4935],{"class":430},[46,73877,1188],{"class":426},[46,73879,68],{"class":60},[46,73881,1197],{"class":426},[46,73883,501],{"class":430},[46,73885,1188],{"class":426},[46,73887,84],{"class":60},[32,73889,2343],{"id":2342},[20,73891,2346],{},[37,73893,73895],{"className":39,"code":73894,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73896,73897],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73898,73899,73901,73903,73905],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73900,8511],{"class":52},[46,73902,507],{"class":60},[46,73904,73733],{"class":102},[46,73906,8814],{"class":60},[20,73908,13219],{},[172,73910,73911,73914,73917],{},[175,73912,73913],{},"No arguments are needed",[175,73915,73916],{},"You call it on an existing list",[175,73918,73919],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73921,2393],{},[37,73923,73925],{"className":39,"code":73924,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73926,73927,73959,73969],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73928,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953,73955,73957],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73930,13243],{"class":52},[46,73932,57],{"class":56},[46,73934,61],{"class":60},[46,73936,427],{"class":426},[46,73938,13260],{"class":430},[46,73940,427],{"class":426},[46,73942,68],{"class":60},[46,73944,438],{"class":426},[46,73946,17622],{"class":430},[46,73948,427],{"class":426},[46,73950,68],{"class":60},[46,73952,438],{"class":426},[46,73954,13277],{"class":430},[46,73956,427],{"class":426},[46,73958,84],{"class":60},[46,73960,73961,73963,73965,73967],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,73962,17669],{"class":52},[46,73964,507],{"class":60},[46,73966,73733],{"class":102},[46,73968,8814],{"class":60},[46,73970,73971,73973,73975,73977],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,73972,91],{"class":90},[46,73974,94],{"class":60},[46,73976,17669],{"class":102},[46,73978,215],{"class":60},[20,73980,143],{},[37,73982,73984],{"className":39,"code":73983,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73985,73986],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,73987,73988,73990,73992,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006,74008,74010,74012],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,73989,1152],{"class":60},[46,73991,1188],{"class":426},[46,73993,13277],{"class":430},[46,73995,1188],{"class":426},[46,73997,68],{"class":60},[46,73999,1197],{"class":426},[46,74001,17622],{"class":430},[46,74003,1188],{"class":426},[46,74005,68],{"class":60},[46,74007,1197],{"class":426},[46,74009,13260],{"class":430},[46,74011,1188],{"class":426},[46,74013,84],{"class":60},[32,74015,11643],{"id":11642},[20,74017,74018],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[37,74020,74022],{"className":39,"code":74021,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74023,74024,74048,74058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74025,74026,74028,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74027,53],{"class":52},[46,74029,57],{"class":56},[46,74031,61],{"class":60},[46,74033,1494],{"class":64},[46,74035,68],{"class":60},[46,74037,7962],{"class":64},[46,74039,68],{"class":60},[46,74041,7967],{"class":64},[46,74043,68],{"class":60},[46,74045,51007],{"class":64},[46,74047,84],{"class":60},[46,74049,74050,74052,74054,74056],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74051,103],{"class":52},[46,74053,507],{"class":60},[46,74055,73733],{"class":102},[46,74057,8814],{"class":60},[46,74059,74060,74062,74064,74066],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74061,91],{"class":90},[46,74063,94],{"class":60},[46,74065,103],{"class":102},[46,74067,215],{"class":60},[20,74069,143],{},[37,74071,74073],{"className":39,"code":74072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74074,74075],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74076,74077,74079,74081,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74078,1152],{"class":60},[46,74080,56855],{"class":64},[46,74082,68],{"class":60},[46,74084,7967],{"class":64},[46,74086,68],{"class":60},[46,74088,7962],{"class":64},[46,74090,68],{"class":60},[46,74092,6176],{"class":64},[46,74094,84],{"class":60},[20,74096,11852],{},[172,74098,74099,74105,74110],{},[175,74100,74101,74102],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74103,74104],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[175,74106,74107,74109],{},[15,74108,73677],{}," flips the order",[175,74111,74112],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[32,74114,74116,74118],{"id":74115},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74117,73677],{}," changes the original list",[20,74120,74121,74122,74125],{},"This method is ",[3924,74123,74124],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[37,74127,74129],{"className":39,"code":74128,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74130,74131,74163,74173,74177],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74132,74133,74135,74137,74139,74141,74143,74145,74147,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74134,36408],{"class":52},[46,74136,57],{"class":56},[46,74138,61],{"class":60},[46,74140,427],{"class":426},[46,74142,756],{"class":430},[46,74144,427],{"class":426},[46,74146,68],{"class":60},[46,74148,438],{"class":426},[46,74150,450],{"class":430},[46,74152,427],{"class":426},[46,74154,68],{"class":60},[46,74156,438],{"class":426},[46,74158,765],{"class":430},[46,74160,427],{"class":426},[46,74162,84],{"class":60},[46,74164,74165,74167,74169,74171],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74166,36460],{"class":52},[46,74168,507],{"class":60},[46,74170,73733],{"class":102},[46,74172,8814],{"class":60},[46,74174,74175],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74176,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,74178,74179,74181,74183,74185],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,74180,91],{"class":90},[46,74182,94],{"class":60},[46,74184,36460],{"class":102},[46,74186,215],{"class":60},[20,74188,143],{},[37,74190,74192],{"className":39,"code":74191,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74193,74194],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74195,74196,74198,74200,74202,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74197,1152],{"class":60},[46,74199,1188],{"class":426},[46,74201,765],{"class":430},[46,74203,1188],{"class":426},[46,74205,68],{"class":60},[46,74207,1197],{"class":426},[46,74209,450],{"class":430},[46,74211,1188],{"class":426},[46,74213,68],{"class":60},[46,74215,1197],{"class":426},[46,74217,756],{"class":430},[46,74219,1188],{"class":426},[46,74221,84],{"class":60},[20,74223,160,74224,74226],{},[15,74225,73677],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74228,74229],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[37,74231,74233],{"className":39,"code":74232,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74234,74235,74267,74285,74289,74299],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74236,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261,74263,74265],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74238,36408],{"class":52},[46,74240,57],{"class":56},[46,74242,61],{"class":60},[46,74244,427],{"class":426},[46,74246,756],{"class":430},[46,74248,427],{"class":426},[46,74250,68],{"class":60},[46,74252,438],{"class":426},[46,74254,450],{"class":430},[46,74256,427],{"class":426},[46,74258,68],{"class":60},[46,74260,438],{"class":426},[46,74262,765],{"class":430},[46,74264,427],{"class":426},[46,74266,84],{"class":60},[46,74268,74269,74272,74274,74276,74279,74281,74283],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74270,74271],{"class":52},"reversed_fruits ",[46,74273,57],{"class":56},[46,74275,53014],{"class":52},[46,74277,74278],{"class":60},"[::",[46,74280,2208],{"class":56},[46,74282,3175],{"class":64},[46,74284,84],{"class":60},[46,74286,74287],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74288,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,74290,74291,74293,74295,74297],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,74292,91],{"class":90},[46,74294,94],{"class":60},[46,74296,36460],{"class":102},[46,74298,215],{"class":60},[46,74300,74301,74303,74305,74308],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,74302,91],{"class":90},[46,74304,94],{"class":60},[46,74306,74307],{"class":102},"reversed_fruits",[46,74309,215],{"class":60},[20,74311,143],{},[37,74313,74315],{"className":39,"code":74314,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74316,74317,74345],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341,74343],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74320,1152],{"class":60},[46,74322,1188],{"class":426},[46,74324,756],{"class":430},[46,74326,1188],{"class":426},[46,74328,68],{"class":60},[46,74330,1197],{"class":426},[46,74332,450],{"class":430},[46,74334,1188],{"class":426},[46,74336,68],{"class":60},[46,74338,1197],{"class":426},[46,74340,765],{"class":430},[46,74342,1188],{"class":426},[46,74344,84],{"class":60},[46,74346,74347,74349,74351,74353,74355,74357,74359,74361,74363,74365,74367,74369,74371],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74348,1152],{"class":60},[46,74350,1188],{"class":426},[46,74352,765],{"class":430},[46,74354,1188],{"class":426},[46,74356,68],{"class":60},[46,74358,1197],{"class":426},[46,74360,450],{"class":430},[46,74362,1188],{"class":426},[46,74364,68],{"class":60},[46,74366,1197],{"class":426},[46,74368,756],{"class":430},[46,74370,1188],{"class":426},[46,74372,84],{"class":60},[20,74374,74375,74376,507],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[501,74377,74378],{"href":73695},"Python list slicing explained",[32,74380,74382],{"id":74381},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74384,74385],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[37,74387,74389],{"className":39,"code":74388,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74390,74391,74411,74425,74429,74440],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74392,74393,74395,74397,74399,74401,74403,74405,74407,74409],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74394,53],{"class":52},[46,74396,57],{"class":56},[46,74398,61],{"class":60},[46,74400,3175],{"class":64},[46,74402,68],{"class":60},[46,74404,71],{"class":64},[46,74406,68],{"class":60},[46,74408,312],{"class":64},[46,74410,84],{"class":60},[46,74412,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74414,56052],{"class":52},[46,74416,57],{"class":56},[46,74418,4437],{"class":52},[46,74420,507],{"class":60},[46,74422,73733],{"class":102},[46,74424,8814],{"class":60},[46,74426,74427],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74428,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,74430,74431,74433,74435,74438],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,74432,91],{"class":90},[46,74434,94],{"class":60},[46,74436,74437],{"class":102},"new_list",[46,74439,215],{"class":60},[46,74441,74442,74444,74446,74448],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,74443,91],{"class":90},[46,74445,94],{"class":60},[46,74447,103],{"class":102},[46,74449,215],{"class":60},[20,74451,143],{},[37,74453,74455],{"className":39,"code":74454,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74456,74457,74461],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74458,74459],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74460,1333],{"class":1325},[46,74462,74463,74465,74467,74469,74471,74473,74475],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74464,1152],{"class":60},[46,74466,2249],{"class":64},[46,74468,68],{"class":60},[46,74470,71],{"class":64},[46,74472,68],{"class":60},[46,74474,81],{"class":64},[46,74476,84],{"class":60},[20,74478,12068],{},[172,74480,74481,74489,74493],{},[175,74482,74483,74485,74486,74488],{},[15,74484,73677],{}," changes ",[15,74487,103],{}," directly",[175,74490,41070,74491,71996],{},[3924,74492,4805],{},[175,74494,53816,74495,42320,74497],{},[15,74496,74437],{},[15,74498,1326],{},[20,74500,62058],{},[37,74502,74504],{"className":39,"code":74503,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74505,74506,74526,74536,74540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74507,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518,74520,74522,74524],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74509,53],{"class":52},[46,74511,57],{"class":56},[46,74513,61],{"class":60},[46,74515,3175],{"class":64},[46,74517,68],{"class":60},[46,74519,71],{"class":64},[46,74521,68],{"class":60},[46,74523,312],{"class":64},[46,74525,84],{"class":60},[46,74527,74528,74530,74532,74534],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74529,103],{"class":52},[46,74531,507],{"class":60},[46,74533,73733],{"class":102},[46,74535,8814],{"class":60},[46,74537,74538],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74539,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,74541,74542,74544,74546,74548],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,74543,91],{"class":90},[46,74545,94],{"class":60},[46,74547,103],{"class":102},[46,74549,215],{"class":60},[20,74551,143],{},[37,74553,74555],{"className":39,"code":74554,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74556,74557],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74558,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74560,1152],{"class":60},[46,74562,2249],{"class":64},[46,74564,68],{"class":60},[46,74566,71],{"class":64},[46,74568,68],{"class":60},[46,74570,81],{"class":64},[46,74572,84],{"class":60},[32,74574,74576,10755,74578,74580],{"id":74575},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74577,73677],{},[15,74579,872],{}," vs slicing",[20,74582,74583],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[283,74585,74586],{"id":73733},[15,74587,73677],{},[20,74589,74590,74592],{},[15,74591,73677],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[37,74594,74596],{"className":39,"code":74595,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74597,74598,74618,74628],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74599,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74601,53],{"class":52},[46,74603,57],{"class":56},[46,74605,61],{"class":60},[46,74607,2249],{"class":64},[46,74609,68],{"class":60},[46,74611,81],{"class":64},[46,74613,68],{"class":60},[46,74615,71],{"class":64},[46,74617,84],{"class":60},[46,74619,74620,74622,74624,74626],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74621,103],{"class":52},[46,74623,507],{"class":60},[46,74625,73733],{"class":102},[46,74627,8814],{"class":60},[46,74629,74630,74632,74634,74636],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74631,91],{"class":90},[46,74633,94],{"class":60},[46,74635,103],{"class":102},[46,74637,215],{"class":60},[20,74639,143],{},[37,74641,74643],{"className":39,"code":74642,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74644,74645],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74646,74647,74649,74651,74653,74655,74657,74659],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74648,1152],{"class":60},[46,74650,2243],{"class":64},[46,74652,68],{"class":60},[46,74654,81],{"class":64},[46,74656,68],{"class":60},[46,74658,312],{"class":64},[46,74660,84],{"class":60},[20,74662,74663,74664,74666],{},"Notice that this is ",[3924,74665,4805],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[283,74668,74670],{"id":74669},"sorted",[15,74671,872],{},[20,74673,74674,74678],{},[501,74675,74676],{"href":869},[15,74677,872],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[37,74680,74682],{"className":39,"code":74681,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74683,74684,74704,74719,74723,74733],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74685,74686,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700,74702],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74687,53],{"class":52},[46,74689,57],{"class":56},[46,74691,61],{"class":60},[46,74693,2249],{"class":64},[46,74695,68],{"class":60},[46,74697,81],{"class":64},[46,74699,68],{"class":60},[46,74701,71],{"class":64},[46,74703,84],{"class":60},[46,74705,74706,74708,74710,74713,74715,74717],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74707,2416],{"class":52},[46,74709,57],{"class":56},[46,74711,74712],{"class":90}," sorted",[46,74714,94],{"class":60},[46,74716,103],{"class":102},[46,74718,215],{"class":60},[46,74720,74721],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74722,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,74724,74725,74727,74729,74731],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,74726,91],{"class":90},[46,74728,94],{"class":60},[46,74730,103],{"class":102},[46,74732,215],{"class":60},[46,74734,74735,74737,74739,74741],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,74736,91],{"class":90},[46,74738,94],{"class":60},[46,74740,2451],{"class":102},[46,74742,215],{"class":60},[20,74744,143],{},[37,74746,74748],{"className":39,"code":74747,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74749,74750,74766],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74751,74752,74754,74756,74758,74760,74762,74764],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74753,1152],{"class":60},[46,74755,2249],{"class":64},[46,74757,68],{"class":60},[46,74759,81],{"class":64},[46,74761,68],{"class":60},[46,74763,71],{"class":64},[46,74765,84],{"class":60},[46,74767,74768,74770,74772,74774,74776,74778,74780],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74769,1152],{"class":60},[46,74771,3175],{"class":64},[46,74773,68],{"class":60},[46,74775,71],{"class":64},[46,74777,68],{"class":60},[46,74779,312],{"class":64},[46,74781,84],{"class":60},[20,74783,74784,74785,507],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74786,74787],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[283,74789,74791],{"id":74790},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74793,74794,74795,74798],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74796,74797],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[37,74800,74802],{"className":39,"code":74801,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74803,74804,74824,74840,74844,74854],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74805,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814,74816,74818,74820,74822],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74807,53],{"class":52},[46,74809,57],{"class":56},[46,74811,61],{"class":60},[46,74813,2249],{"class":64},[46,74815,68],{"class":60},[46,74817,81],{"class":64},[46,74819,68],{"class":60},[46,74821,71],{"class":64},[46,74823,84],{"class":60},[46,74825,74826,74828,74830,74832,74834,74836,74838],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74827,2416],{"class":52},[46,74829,57],{"class":56},[46,74831,4437],{"class":52},[46,74833,74278],{"class":60},[46,74835,2208],{"class":56},[46,74837,3175],{"class":64},[46,74839,84],{"class":60},[46,74841,74842],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,74843,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,74845,74846,74848,74850,74852],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,74847,91],{"class":90},[46,74849,94],{"class":60},[46,74851,103],{"class":102},[46,74853,215],{"class":60},[46,74855,74856,74858,74860,74862],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,74857,91],{"class":90},[46,74859,94],{"class":60},[46,74861,2451],{"class":102},[46,74863,215],{"class":60},[20,74865,143],{},[37,74867,74869],{"className":39,"code":74868,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74870,74871,74887],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,74872,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,74874,1152],{"class":60},[46,74876,2249],{"class":64},[46,74878,68],{"class":60},[46,74880,81],{"class":64},[46,74882,68],{"class":60},[46,74884,71],{"class":64},[46,74886,84],{"class":60},[46,74888,74889,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899,74901],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,74890,1152],{"class":60},[46,74892,2243],{"class":64},[46,74894,68],{"class":60},[46,74896,81],{"class":64},[46,74898,68],{"class":60},[46,74900,312],{"class":64},[46,74902,84],{"class":60},[283,74904,74906],{"id":74905},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[172,74908,74909,74914,74919],{},[175,74910,160,74911,74913],{},[15,74912,73677],{}," when you want to change the original list",[175,74915,160,74916,74918],{},[15,74917,74797],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[175,74920,160,74921,74923],{},[15,74922,872],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74925,74926,74927,74933],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[501,74928,74930,74931,10910],{"href":74929},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74932,64472],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[32,74935,1794,74937],{"id":74936},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74938,73677],{},[20,74940,74941,74943],{},[15,74942,73677],{}," is a good choice:",[172,74945,74946,74949,74952],{},[175,74947,74948],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[175,74950,74951],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[175,74953,74954],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74956,74957,74958,507],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[501,74959,74961],{"href":74960},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[32,74963,1834],{"id":1833},[20,74965,74966,74967,74969],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74968,73677],{}," for these reasons:",[172,74971,74972,74976,74981,74986],{},[175,74973,12762,74974,12765],{},[15,74975,73677],{},[175,74977,1853,74978,74980],{},[15,74979,73677],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[175,74982,578,74983,74985],{},[15,74984,73677],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[175,74987,37372,74988,8876,74990],{},[15,74989,73677],{},[15,74991,74992],{},"reversed()",[20,74994,74995],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[37,74997,74999],{"className":39,"code":74998,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,75000,75001,75013],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75002,75003,75005,75007,75009,75011],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75004,34856],{"class":52},[46,75006,57],{"class":56},[46,75008,438],{"class":426},[46,75010,4027],{"class":430},[46,75012,3544],{"class":426},[46,75014,75015,75017,75019,75021],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,75016,34877],{"class":52},[46,75018,507],{"class":60},[46,75020,73733],{"class":102},[46,75022,8814],{"class":60},[20,75024,75025,75026,33769],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75027,73677],{},[20,75029,75030],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[37,75032,75034],{"className":39,"code":75033,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75035,75036,75056,75060,75070,75084,75088,75102,75112,75116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75037,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050,75052,75054],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75039,8480],{"class":52},[46,75041,57],{"class":56},[46,75043,61],{"class":60},[46,75045,3175],{"class":64},[46,75047,68],{"class":60},[46,75049,71],{"class":64},[46,75051,68],{"class":60},[46,75053,312],{"class":64},[46,75055,84],{"class":60},[46,75057,75058],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,75059,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,75061,75062,75064,75066,75068],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,75063,91],{"class":90},[46,75065,94],{"class":60},[46,75067,8511],{"class":102},[46,75069,215],{"class":60},[46,75071,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,75073,91],{"class":90},[46,75075,94],{"class":60},[46,75077,1889],{"class":1270},[46,75079,94],{"class":60},[46,75081,8511],{"class":102},[46,75083,106],{"class":60},[46,75085,75086],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,75087,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,75089,75090,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,75091,2416],{"class":52},[46,75093,57],{"class":56},[46,75095,8568],{"class":52},[46,75097,507],{"class":60},[46,75099,73733],{"class":102},[46,75101,8814],{"class":60},[46,75103,75104,75106,75108,75110],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,75105,91],{"class":90},[46,75107,94],{"class":60},[46,75109,2451],{"class":102},[46,75111,215],{"class":60},[46,75113,75114],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,75115,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,75119,91],{"class":90},[46,75121,94],{"class":60},[46,75123,8511],{"class":102},[46,75125,74278],{"class":60},[46,75127,2208],{"class":56},[46,75129,3175],{"class":64},[46,75131,1161],{"class":60},[20,75133,143],{},[37,75135,75137],{"className":39,"code":75136,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75138,75139,75155,75169,75173],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75140,75141,75143,75145,75147,75149,75151,75153],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75142,1152],{"class":60},[46,75144,3175],{"class":64},[46,75146,68],{"class":60},[46,75148,71],{"class":64},[46,75150,68],{"class":60},[46,75152,312],{"class":64},[46,75154,84],{"class":60},[46,75156,75157,75159,75161,75163,75165,75167],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,75158,3476],{"class":56},[46,75160,3479],{"class":1140},[46,75162,1197],{"class":426},[46,75164,8265],{"class":430},[46,75166,1188],{"class":426},[46,75168,3488],{"class":56},[46,75170,75171],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,75172,1333],{"class":1325},[46,75174,75175,75177,75179,75181,75183,75185,75187],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,75176,1152],{"class":60},[46,75178,3175],{"class":64},[46,75180,68],{"class":60},[46,75182,71],{"class":64},[46,75184,68],{"class":60},[46,75186,81],{"class":64},[46,75188,84],{"class":60},[20,75190,75191],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[37,75193,75195],{"className":39,"code":75194,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75196,75197,75217,75221,75231,75245,75249,75263,75273,75283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75198,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75200,8480],{"class":52},[46,75202,57],{"class":56},[46,75204,61],{"class":60},[46,75206,3175],{"class":64},[46,75208,68],{"class":60},[46,75210,71],{"class":64},[46,75212,68],{"class":60},[46,75214,312],{"class":64},[46,75216,84],{"class":60},[46,75218,75219],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,75220,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,75222,75223,75225,75227,75229],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,75224,91],{"class":90},[46,75226,94],{"class":60},[46,75228,8511],{"class":102},[46,75230,215],{"class":60},[46,75232,75233,75235,75237,75239,75241,75243],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,75234,91],{"class":90},[46,75236,94],{"class":60},[46,75238,1889],{"class":1270},[46,75240,94],{"class":60},[46,75242,8511],{"class":102},[46,75244,106],{"class":60},[46,75246,75247],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,75248,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,75250,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,75252,2416],{"class":52},[46,75254,57],{"class":56},[46,75256,8568],{"class":52},[46,75258,507],{"class":60},[46,75260,73733],{"class":102},[46,75262,8814],{"class":60},[46,75264,75265,75267,75269,75271],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,75266,91],{"class":90},[46,75268,94],{"class":60},[46,75270,2451],{"class":102},[46,75272,215],{"class":60},[46,75274,75275,75277,75279,75281],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,75276,91],{"class":90},[46,75278,94],{"class":60},[46,75280,8511],{"class":102},[46,75282,215],{"class":60},[46,75284,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,75286,91],{"class":90},[46,75288,94],{"class":60},[46,75290,8511],{"class":102},[46,75292,74278],{"class":60},[46,75294,2208],{"class":56},[46,75296,3175],{"class":64},[46,75298,1161],{"class":60},[20,75300,143],{},[37,75302,75304],{"className":39,"code":75303,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75305,75306,75322,75336,75340,75356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75307,75308,75310,75312,75314,75316,75318,75320],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75309,1152],{"class":60},[46,75311,3175],{"class":64},[46,75313,68],{"class":60},[46,75315,71],{"class":64},[46,75317,68],{"class":60},[46,75319,312],{"class":64},[46,75321,84],{"class":60},[46,75323,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,75325,3476],{"class":56},[46,75327,3479],{"class":1140},[46,75329,1197],{"class":426},[46,75331,8265],{"class":430},[46,75333,1188],{"class":426},[46,75335,3488],{"class":56},[46,75337,75338],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,75339,1333],{"class":1325},[46,75341,75342,75344,75346,75348,75350,75352,75354],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,75343,1152],{"class":60},[46,75345,2249],{"class":64},[46,75347,68],{"class":60},[46,75349,71],{"class":64},[46,75351,68],{"class":60},[46,75353,81],{"class":64},[46,75355,84],{"class":60},[46,75357,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,75359,1152],{"class":60},[46,75361,3175],{"class":64},[46,75363,68],{"class":60},[46,75365,71],{"class":64},[46,75367,68],{"class":60},[46,75369,312],{"class":64},[46,75371,84],{"class":60},[20,75373,75374],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[172,75376,75377,75386,75395],{},[175,75378,27963,75379,75382,75383],{},[15,75380,75381],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75384,75385],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[175,75387,12084,75388,75391,75392,22727],{},[15,75389,75390],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3924,75393,75394],{},"current",[175,75396,75397,75398],{},"So it prints ",[15,75399,75400],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[32,75402,1991],{"id":1990},[283,75404,12872,75406,55631],{"id":75405},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75407,73682],{},[20,75409,62763,75410,507],{},[15,75411,1326],{},[283,75413,34374,75415,34377,75417,2035],{"id":75414},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75416,73677],{},[15,75418,75419],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75421,75422,75424],{},[15,75423,73677],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75426,75427,75429],{},[15,75428,75419],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[283,75431,28496,75433,75435],{"id":75432},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75434,73677],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75437,46530,75438,75440],{},[15,75439,73677],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[283,75442,75444],{"id":75443},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75446,75447],{},"Use slicing:",[37,75449,75451],{"className":39,"code":75450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75452,75453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75454,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75456,8511],{"class":52},[46,75458,74278],{"class":60},[46,75460,2208],{"class":56},[46,75462,3175],{"class":64},[46,75464,84],{"class":60},[20,75466,75467],{},"Or use:",[37,75469,75471],{"className":39,"code":75470,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75472,75473],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75474,75475,75477,75479,75482,75484,75486],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75476,8265],{"class":1270},[46,75478,94],{"class":60},[46,75480,75481],{"class":90},"reversed",[46,75483,94],{"class":60},[46,75485,8511],{"class":102},[46,75487,106],{"class":60},[20,75489,75490,75491,75495],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[501,75492,55682,75493],{"href":55122},[15,75494,12945],{}," can also help.",[32,75497,2065],{"id":2064},[172,75499,75500,75506,75512,75516,75520],{},[175,75501,75502],{},[501,75503,55682,75504,10910],{"href":74929},[15,75505,64472],{},[175,75507,75508],{},[501,75509,13,75510,506],{"href":869},[15,75511,872],{},[175,75513,75514],{},[501,75515,74961],{"href":74960},[175,75517,75518],{},[501,75519,74378],{"href":73695},[175,75521,75522],{},[501,75523,55682,75524,10910],{"href":55122},[15,75525,12945],{},[2103,75527,75528],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":75530},[75531,75532,75534,75535,75536,75538,75539,75546,75548,75549,75558],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":73756,"depth":87,"text":75533},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":74115,"depth":87,"text":75537},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74381,"depth":87,"text":74382},{"id":74575,"depth":87,"text":75540,"children":75541},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75542,75543,75544,75545],{"id":73733,"depth":109,"text":73677},{"id":74669,"depth":109,"text":872},{"id":74790,"depth":109,"text":74791},{"id":74905,"depth":109,"text":74906},{"id":74936,"depth":87,"text":75547},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":75550},[75551,75553,75555,75557],{"id":75405,"depth":109,"text":75552},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75414,"depth":109,"text":75554},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75432,"depth":109,"text":75556},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75443,"depth":109,"text":75444},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73669,"description":75559},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75566,"title":75567,"body":75568,"description":78000,"extension":2150,"meta":78001,"navigation":112,"path":78002,"seo":78003,"stem":78004,"__hash__":78005},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75569,"toc":77968},[75570,75573,75585,75588,75611,75619,75621,75733,75742,75746,75749,75752,75839,75841,75874,75876,75899,75905,75909,75912,75934,75936,75953,75956,75976,75978,76088,76090,76167,76171,76174,76217,76219,76351,76353,76455,76460,76464,76467,76469,76483,76486,76600,76602,76676,76678,76706,76710,76715,76745,76748,76874,76876,76958,76964,76968,76970,77009,77018,77022,77025,77029,77076,77078,77086,77090,77141,77143,77156,77158,77172,77175,77183,77185,77232,77234,77242,77245,77288,77293,77296,77299,77322,77326,77377,77380,77401,77411,77415,77417,77447,77450,77473,77477,77480,77547,77549,77586,77589,77597,77664,77666,77703,77709,77716,77720,77723,77753,77758,77762,77765,77789,77792,77886,77896,77898,77902,77905,77909,77912,77917,77920,77926,77929,77931,77959,77965],[10,75571,75567],{"id":75572},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75574,75575,75576,2374,75578,17238,75581,75584],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75577,36241],{},[15,75579,75580],{},"stop",[15,75582,75583],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75586,75587],{},"The basic slice form is:",[37,75589,75591],{"className":39,"code":75590,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75592,75593],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75594,75595,75597,75599,75601,75603,75605,75607,75609],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75596,8511],{"class":52},[46,75598,1152],{"class":60},[46,75600,36241],{"class":52},[46,75602,198],{"class":60},[46,75604,75580],{"class":52},[46,75606,198],{"class":60},[46,75608,75583],{"class":52},[46,75610,84],{"class":60},[20,75612,75613,75614,75616,75617,507],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75615,75580],{}," position is ",[3924,75618,65230],{},[32,75620,35],{"id":34},[37,75622,75624],{"className":39,"code":75623,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75625,75626,75654,75658,75679,75697,75714],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75627,75628,75630,75632,75634,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650,75652],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75629,53],{"class":52},[46,75631,57],{"class":56},[46,75633,61],{"class":60},[46,75635,1494],{"class":64},[46,75637,68],{"class":60},[46,75639,7962],{"class":64},[46,75641,68],{"class":60},[46,75643,7967],{"class":64},[46,75645,68],{"class":60},[46,75647,51007],{"class":64},[46,75649,68],{"class":60},[46,75651,5254],{"class":64},[46,75653,84],{"class":60},[46,75655,75656],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,75657,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,75659,75660,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,75661,91],{"class":90},[46,75663,94],{"class":60},[46,75665,103],{"class":102},[46,75667,1152],{"class":60},[46,75669,3175],{"class":64},[46,75671,198],{"class":60},[46,75673,2691],{"class":64},[46,75675,20613],{"class":60},[46,75677,75678],{"class":3845},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[46,75680,75681,75683,75685,75687,75690,75692,75694],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,75682,91],{"class":90},[46,75684,94],{"class":60},[46,75686,103],{"class":102},[46,75688,75689],{"class":60},"[:",[46,75691,2249],{"class":64},[46,75693,20613],{"class":60},[46,75695,75696],{"class":3845},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[46,75698,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,75700,91],{"class":90},[46,75702,94],{"class":60},[46,75704,103],{"class":102},[46,75706,74278],{"class":60},[46,75708,2243],{"class":64},[46,75710,20613],{"class":60},[46,75712,75713],{"class":3845},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[46,75715,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,75717,91],{"class":90},[46,75719,94],{"class":60},[46,75721,103],{"class":102},[46,75723,74278],{"class":60},[46,75725,2208],{"class":56},[46,75727,3175],{"class":64},[46,75729,20613],{"class":60},[46,75731,75732],{"class":3845},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75734,160,75735,75738,75739,75741],{},[15,75736,75737],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75740,75580],{}," value is not included.",[32,75743,75745],{"id":75744},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75747,75748],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75750,75751],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[37,75753,75755],{"className":39,"code":75754,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75756,75757,75805,75809,75828],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75758,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75760,36259],{"class":52},[46,75762,57],{"class":56},[46,75764,61],{"class":60},[46,75766,427],{"class":426},[46,75768,501],{"class":430},[46,75770,427],{"class":426},[46,75772,68],{"class":60},[46,75774,438],{"class":426},[46,75776,4935],{"class":430},[46,75778,427],{"class":426},[46,75780,68],{"class":60},[46,75782,438],{"class":426},[46,75784,9908],{"class":430},[46,75786,427],{"class":426},[46,75788,68],{"class":60},[46,75790,438],{"class":426},[46,75792,18935],{"class":430},[46,75794,427],{"class":426},[46,75796,68],{"class":60},[46,75798,438],{"class":426},[46,75800,60607],{"class":430},[46,75802,427],{"class":426},[46,75804,84],{"class":60},[46,75806,75807],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,75808,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,75810,75811,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,75812,75813],{"class":52},"part ",[46,75815,57],{"class":56},[46,75817,70255],{"class":52},[46,75819,1152],{"class":60},[46,75821,3175],{"class":64},[46,75823,198],{"class":60},[46,75825,2691],{"class":64},[46,75827,84],{"class":60},[46,75829,75830,75832,75834,75837],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,75831,91],{"class":90},[46,75833,94],{"class":60},[46,75835,75836],{"class":102},"part",[46,75838,215],{"class":60},[20,75840,143],{},[37,75842,75844],{"className":39,"code":75843,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75845,75846],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75847,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75849,1152],{"class":60},[46,75851,1188],{"class":426},[46,75853,4935],{"class":430},[46,75855,1188],{"class":426},[46,75857,68],{"class":60},[46,75859,1197],{"class":426},[46,75861,9908],{"class":430},[46,75863,1188],{"class":426},[46,75865,68],{"class":60},[46,75867,1197],{"class":426},[46,75869,18935],{"class":430},[46,75871,1188],{"class":426},[46,75873,84],{"class":60},[20,75875,13219],{},[172,75877,75878,75881,75884,75890,75896],{},[175,75879,75880],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[175,75882,75883],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[175,75885,75886,75887],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75888,75889],{},"list[start:stop]",[175,75891,75892,75893,75895],{},"The item at ",[15,75894,75580],{}," is not included",[175,75897,75898],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75900,75901,75902,507],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[501,75903,75904],{"href":51143},"beginner guide to Python lists",[32,75906,75908],{"id":75907},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75910,75911],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[37,75913,75914],{"className":39,"code":75590,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,75915,75916],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75917,75918,75920,75922,75924,75926,75928,75930,75932],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75919,8511],{"class":52},[46,75921,1152],{"class":60},[46,75923,36241],{"class":52},[46,75925,198],{"class":60},[46,75927,75580],{"class":52},[46,75929,198],{"class":60},[46,75931,75583],{"class":52},[46,75933,84],{"class":60},[20,75935,65206],{},[172,75937,75938,75943,75948],{},[175,75939,75940,75942],{},[15,75941,36241],{}," is where slicing begins",[175,75944,75945,75947],{},[15,75946,75580],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[175,75949,75950,75952],{},[15,75951,75583],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75954,75955],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[172,75957,75958,75964,75969],{},[175,75959,75960,75961,75963],{},"Missing ",[15,75962,36241],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[175,75965,75960,75966,75968],{},[15,75967,75580],{}," means go to the end of the list",[175,75970,75960,75971,75973,75974],{},[15,75972,75583],{}," means use ",[15,75975,3175],{},[20,75977,2393],{},[37,75979,75981],{"className":39,"code":75980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75982,75983,76011,76015,76036,76053,76071],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,75984,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,75986,53],{"class":52},[46,75988,57],{"class":56},[46,75990,61],{"class":60},[46,75992,1494],{"class":64},[46,75994,68],{"class":60},[46,75996,7962],{"class":64},[46,75998,68],{"class":60},[46,76000,7967],{"class":64},[46,76002,68],{"class":60},[46,76004,51007],{"class":64},[46,76006,68],{"class":60},[46,76008,5254],{"class":64},[46,76010,84],{"class":60},[46,76012,76013],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76014,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,76016,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76018,91],{"class":90},[46,76020,94],{"class":60},[46,76022,103],{"class":102},[46,76024,1152],{"class":60},[46,76026,3175],{"class":64},[46,76028,198],{"class":60},[46,76030,2691],{"class":64},[46,76032,20613],{"class":60},[46,76034,76035],{"class":3845},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[46,76037,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,76039,91],{"class":90},[46,76041,94],{"class":60},[46,76043,103],{"class":102},[46,76045,75689],{"class":60},[46,76047,2249],{"class":64},[46,76049,20613],{"class":60},[46,76051,76052],{"class":3845},"    # start from the beginning\n",[46,76054,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76068],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,76056,91],{"class":90},[46,76058,94],{"class":60},[46,76060,103],{"class":102},[46,76062,1152],{"class":60},[46,76064,2243],{"class":64},[46,76066,76067],{"class":60},":])",[46,76069,76070],{"class":3845},"    # go to the end\n",[46,76072,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,76074,91],{"class":90},[46,76076,94],{"class":60},[46,76078,103],{"class":102},[46,76080,74278],{"class":60},[46,76082,3175],{"class":64},[46,76084,20613],{"class":60},[46,76086,76087],{"class":3845},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76089,143],{},[37,76091,76093],{"className":39,"code":76092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76094,76095,76111,76127,76143],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76096,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76098,1152],{"class":60},[46,76100,1501],{"class":64},[46,76102,68],{"class":60},[46,76104,7967],{"class":64},[46,76106,68],{"class":60},[46,76108,51007],{"class":64},[46,76110,84],{"class":60},[46,76112,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123,76125],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76114,1152],{"class":60},[46,76116,1494],{"class":64},[46,76118,68],{"class":60},[46,76120,7962],{"class":64},[46,76122,68],{"class":60},[46,76124,7967],{"class":64},[46,76126,84],{"class":60},[46,76128,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76130,1152],{"class":60},[46,76132,37010],{"class":64},[46,76134,68],{"class":60},[46,76136,51007],{"class":64},[46,76138,68],{"class":60},[46,76140,5254],{"class":64},[46,76142,84],{"class":60},[46,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,76146,1152],{"class":60},[46,76148,1494],{"class":64},[46,76150,68],{"class":60},[46,76152,7962],{"class":64},[46,76154,68],{"class":60},[46,76156,7967],{"class":64},[46,76158,68],{"class":60},[46,76160,51007],{"class":64},[46,76162,68],{"class":60},[46,76164,5254],{"class":64},[46,76166,84],{"class":60},[32,76168,76170],{"id":76169},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76172,76173],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[172,76175,76176,76185,76194,76205,76211],{},[175,76177,76178,76181,76182,6137],{},[15,76179,76180],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76183,76184],{},"n",[175,76186,76187,76190,76191,76193],{},[15,76188,76189],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76192,76184],{}," to the end",[175,76195,76196,76199,76200,76202,76203],{},[15,76197,76198],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76201,501],{}," up to ",[15,76204,4935],{},[175,76206,76207,76210],{},[15,76208,76209],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[175,76212,76213,76216],{},[15,76214,76215],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76218,2393],{},[37,76220,76222],{"className":39,"code":76221,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76223,76224,76256,76260,76277,76294,76315,76332],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76225,76226,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76227,53],{"class":52},[46,76229,57],{"class":56},[46,76231,61],{"class":60},[46,76233,1494],{"class":64},[46,76235,68],{"class":60},[46,76237,7962],{"class":64},[46,76239,68],{"class":60},[46,76241,7967],{"class":64},[46,76243,68],{"class":60},[46,76245,51007],{"class":64},[46,76247,68],{"class":60},[46,76249,5254],{"class":64},[46,76251,68],{"class":60},[46,76253,618],{"class":64},[46,76255,84],{"class":60},[46,76257,76258],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76259,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,76261,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272,76274],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76263,91],{"class":90},[46,76265,94],{"class":60},[46,76267,103],{"class":102},[46,76269,75689],{"class":60},[46,76271,2249],{"class":64},[46,76273,20613],{"class":60},[46,76275,76276],{"class":3845},"    # first 3 items\n",[46,76278,76279,76281,76283,76285,76287,76289,76291],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,76280,91],{"class":90},[46,76282,94],{"class":60},[46,76284,103],{"class":102},[46,76286,1152],{"class":60},[46,76288,2249],{"class":64},[46,76290,76067],{"class":60},[46,76292,76293],{"class":3845},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[46,76295,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308,76310,76312],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,76297,91],{"class":90},[46,76299,94],{"class":60},[46,76301,103],{"class":102},[46,76303,1152],{"class":60},[46,76305,3175],{"class":64},[46,76307,198],{"class":60},[46,76309,65],{"class":64},[46,76311,20613],{"class":60},[46,76313,76314],{"class":3845},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[46,76316,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,76318,91],{"class":90},[46,76320,94],{"class":60},[46,76322,103],{"class":102},[46,76324,74278],{"class":60},[46,76326,2243],{"class":64},[46,76328,20613],{"class":60},[46,76330,76331],{"class":3845},"   # every second item\n",[46,76333,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,76335,91],{"class":90},[46,76337,94],{"class":60},[46,76339,103],{"class":102},[46,76341,74278],{"class":60},[46,76343,2208],{"class":56},[46,76345,3175],{"class":64},[46,76347,20613],{"class":60},[46,76349,76350],{"class":3845},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76352,143],{},[37,76354,76356],{"className":39,"code":76355,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76357,76358,76374,76390,76410,76426],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76359,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76361,1152],{"class":60},[46,76363,1494],{"class":64},[46,76365,68],{"class":60},[46,76367,7962],{"class":64},[46,76369,68],{"class":60},[46,76371,7967],{"class":64},[46,76373,84],{"class":60},[46,76375,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76377,1152],{"class":60},[46,76379,56855],{"class":64},[46,76381,68],{"class":60},[46,76383,5254],{"class":64},[46,76385,68],{"class":60},[46,76387,618],{"class":64},[46,76389,84],{"class":60},[46,76391,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76393,1152],{"class":60},[46,76395,1501],{"class":64},[46,76397,68],{"class":60},[46,76399,7967],{"class":64},[46,76401,68],{"class":60},[46,76403,51007],{"class":64},[46,76405,68],{"class":60},[46,76407,5254],{"class":64},[46,76409,84],{"class":60},[46,76411,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,76413,1152],{"class":60},[46,76415,1494],{"class":64},[46,76417,68],{"class":60},[46,76419,7967],{"class":64},[46,76421,68],{"class":60},[46,76423,5254],{"class":64},[46,76425,84],{"class":60},[46,76427,76428,76430,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,76429,1152],{"class":60},[46,76431,76432],{"class":64},"60",[46,76434,68],{"class":60},[46,76436,5254],{"class":64},[46,76438,68],{"class":60},[46,76440,51007],{"class":64},[46,76442,68],{"class":60},[46,76444,7967],{"class":64},[46,76446,68],{"class":60},[46,76448,7962],{"class":64},[46,76450,68],{"class":60},[46,76452,6176],{"class":64},[46,76454,84],{"class":60},[20,76456,76457,76458,507],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[501,76459,15054],{"href":57381},[32,76461,76463],{"id":76462},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76465,76466],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76468,5644],{},[172,76470,76471,76477],{},[175,76472,76473,76476],{},[15,76474,76475],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[175,76478,76479,76482],{},[15,76480,76481],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76484,76485],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[37,76487,76489],{"className":39,"code":76488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76490,76491,76539,76543,76562,76581],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76492,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76494,36259],{"class":52},[46,76496,57],{"class":56},[46,76498,61],{"class":60},[46,76500,427],{"class":426},[46,76502,501],{"class":430},[46,76504,427],{"class":426},[46,76506,68],{"class":60},[46,76508,438],{"class":426},[46,76510,4935],{"class":430},[46,76512,427],{"class":426},[46,76514,68],{"class":60},[46,76516,438],{"class":426},[46,76518,9908],{"class":430},[46,76520,427],{"class":426},[46,76522,68],{"class":60},[46,76524,438],{"class":426},[46,76526,18935],{"class":430},[46,76528,427],{"class":426},[46,76530,68],{"class":60},[46,76532,438],{"class":426},[46,76534,60607],{"class":430},[46,76536,427],{"class":426},[46,76538,84],{"class":60},[46,76540,76541],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76542,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,76544,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76546,91],{"class":90},[46,76548,94],{"class":60},[46,76550,36312],{"class":102},[46,76552,1152],{"class":60},[46,76554,2208],{"class":56},[46,76556,3175],{"class":64},[46,76558,20613],{"class":60},[46,76560,76561],{"class":3845},"    # last item\n",[46,76563,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,76565,91],{"class":90},[46,76567,94],{"class":60},[46,76569,36312],{"class":102},[46,76571,1152],{"class":60},[46,76573,2208],{"class":56},[46,76575,2249],{"class":64},[46,76577,76067],{"class":60},[46,76579,76580],{"class":3845},"   # last 3 items\n",[46,76582,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595,76597],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,76584,91],{"class":90},[46,76586,94],{"class":60},[46,76588,36312],{"class":102},[46,76590,75689],{"class":60},[46,76592,2208],{"class":56},[46,76594,3175],{"class":64},[46,76596,20613],{"class":60},[46,76598,76599],{"class":3845},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76601,143],{},[37,76603,76605],{"className":39,"code":76604,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76606,76607,76612,76640],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76608,76609],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76610,76611],{"class":52},"e\n",[46,76613,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76615,1152],{"class":60},[46,76617,1188],{"class":426},[46,76619,9908],{"class":430},[46,76621,1188],{"class":426},[46,76623,68],{"class":60},[46,76625,1197],{"class":426},[46,76627,18935],{"class":430},[46,76629,1188],{"class":426},[46,76631,68],{"class":60},[46,76633,1197],{"class":426},[46,76635,60607],{"class":430},[46,76637,1188],{"class":426},[46,76639,84],{"class":60},[46,76641,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654,76656,76658,76660,76662,76664,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76643,1152],{"class":60},[46,76645,1188],{"class":426},[46,76647,501],{"class":430},[46,76649,1188],{"class":426},[46,76651,68],{"class":60},[46,76653,1197],{"class":426},[46,76655,4935],{"class":430},[46,76657,1188],{"class":426},[46,76659,68],{"class":60},[46,76661,1197],{"class":426},[46,76663,9908],{"class":430},[46,76665,1188],{"class":426},[46,76667,68],{"class":60},[46,76669,1197],{"class":426},[46,76671,18935],{"class":430},[46,76673,1188],{"class":426},[46,76675,84],{"class":60},[20,76677,13219],{},[172,76679,76680,76683,76687,76693,76699],{},[175,76681,76682],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[175,76684,76685,76476],{},[15,76686,76475],{},[175,76688,76689,76692],{},[15,76690,76691],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[175,76694,76695,76698],{},[15,76696,76697],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[175,76700,76701,76702,2051,76704],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76703,36241],{},[15,76705,75580],{},[32,76707,76709],{"id":76708},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76711,882,76712,76714],{},[15,76713,75583],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[172,76716,76717,76720,76723,76728,76738],{},[175,76718,76719],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[175,76721,76722],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[175,76724,76725,76727],{},[15,76726,76215],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[175,76729,9047,76730,76732,76733,76735,76736],{},[15,76731,75583],{}," is negative, ",[15,76734,36241],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76737,75580],{},[175,76739,76740,76742,76743],{},[15,76741,75583],{}," cannot be ",[15,76744,554],{},[20,76746,76747],{},"Example with different step values:",[37,76749,76751],{"className":39,"code":76750,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76752,76753,76785,76789,76806,76828,76847],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76754,76755,76757,76759,76761,76763,76765,76767,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76756,53],{"class":52},[46,76758,57],{"class":56},[46,76760,61],{"class":60},[46,76762,1494],{"class":64},[46,76764,68],{"class":60},[46,76766,7962],{"class":64},[46,76768,68],{"class":60},[46,76770,7967],{"class":64},[46,76772,68],{"class":60},[46,76774,51007],{"class":64},[46,76776,68],{"class":60},[46,76778,5254],{"class":64},[46,76780,68],{"class":60},[46,76782,618],{"class":64},[46,76784,84],{"class":60},[46,76786,76787],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76788,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,76790,76791,76793,76795,76797,76799,76801,76803],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76792,91],{"class":90},[46,76794,94],{"class":60},[46,76796,103],{"class":102},[46,76798,74278],{"class":60},[46,76800,2243],{"class":64},[46,76802,20613],{"class":60},[46,76804,76805],{"class":3845},"     # every second item\n",[46,76807,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76821,76823,76825],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,76809,91],{"class":90},[46,76811,94],{"class":60},[46,76813,103],{"class":102},[46,76815,1152],{"class":60},[46,76817,3175],{"class":64},[46,76819,76820],{"class":60},"::",[46,76822,2243],{"class":64},[46,76824,20613],{"class":60},[46,76826,76827],{"class":3845},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[46,76829,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838,76840,76842,76844],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,76831,91],{"class":90},[46,76833,94],{"class":60},[46,76835,103],{"class":102},[46,76837,74278],{"class":60},[46,76839,2208],{"class":56},[46,76841,3175],{"class":64},[46,76843,20613],{"class":60},[46,76845,76846],{"class":3845},"    # reverse the list\n",[46,76848,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,76850,91],{"class":90},[46,76852,94],{"class":60},[46,76854,103],{"class":102},[46,76856,1152],{"class":60},[46,76858,2691],{"class":64},[46,76860,198],{"class":60},[46,76862,3175],{"class":64},[46,76864,198],{"class":60},[46,76866,2208],{"class":56},[46,76868,3175],{"class":64},[46,76870,20613],{"class":60},[46,76872,76873],{"class":3845},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76875,143],{},[37,76877,76879],{"className":39,"code":76878,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76880,76881,76897,76913,76941],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76882,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76884,1152],{"class":60},[46,76886,1494],{"class":64},[46,76888,68],{"class":60},[46,76890,7967],{"class":64},[46,76892,68],{"class":60},[46,76894,5254],{"class":64},[46,76896,84],{"class":60},[46,76898,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76900,1152],{"class":60},[46,76902,1501],{"class":64},[46,76904,68],{"class":60},[46,76906,51007],{"class":64},[46,76908,68],{"class":60},[46,76910,618],{"class":64},[46,76912,84],{"class":60},[46,76914,76915,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927,76929,76931,76933,76935,76937,76939],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,76916,1152],{"class":60},[46,76918,76432],{"class":64},[46,76920,68],{"class":60},[46,76922,5254],{"class":64},[46,76924,68],{"class":60},[46,76926,51007],{"class":64},[46,76928,68],{"class":60},[46,76930,7967],{"class":64},[46,76932,68],{"class":60},[46,76934,7962],{"class":64},[46,76936,68],{"class":60},[46,76938,6176],{"class":64},[46,76940,84],{"class":60},[46,76942,76943,76945,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,76944,1152],{"class":60},[46,76946,76947],{"class":64},"50",[46,76949,68],{"class":60},[46,76951,51007],{"class":64},[46,76953,68],{"class":60},[46,76955,7967],{"class":64},[46,76957,84],{"class":60},[20,76959,76960,76961,507],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[501,76962,76963],{"href":74960},"how to reverse a list in Python",[283,76965,76967],{"id":76966},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76969,3023],{},[37,76971,76973],{"className":39,"code":76972,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76974,76975,76995],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,76976,76977,76979,76981,76983,76985,76987,76989,76991,76993],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,76978,53],{"class":52},[46,76980,57],{"class":56},[46,76982,61],{"class":60},[46,76984,3175],{"class":64},[46,76986,68],{"class":60},[46,76988,71],{"class":64},[46,76990,68],{"class":60},[46,76992,312],{"class":64},[46,76994,84],{"class":60},[46,76996,76997,76999,77001,77003,77005,77007],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,76998,91],{"class":90},[46,77000,94],{"class":60},[46,77002,103],{"class":102},[46,77004,74278],{"class":60},[46,77006,554],{"class":64},[46,77008,1161],{"class":60},[20,77010,77011,77012,77014,77015,77017],{},"Python raises a ",[15,77013,573],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,77016,554],{}," does not make sense.",[32,77019,77021],{"id":77020},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77023,77024],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[283,77026,77028],{"id":77027},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[37,77030,77032],{"className":39,"code":77031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77033,77034,77058,77062],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77035,77036,77038,77040,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052,77054,77056],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77037,53],{"class":52},[46,77039,57],{"class":56},[46,77041,61],{"class":60},[46,77043,1494],{"class":64},[46,77045,68],{"class":60},[46,77047,7962],{"class":64},[46,77049,68],{"class":60},[46,77051,7967],{"class":64},[46,77053,68],{"class":60},[46,77055,51007],{"class":64},[46,77057,84],{"class":60},[46,77059,77060],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77061,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,77063,77064,77066,77068,77070,77072,77074],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,77065,91],{"class":90},[46,77067,94],{"class":60},[46,77069,103],{"class":102},[46,77071,1152],{"class":60},[46,77073,2243],{"class":64},[46,77075,1161],{"class":60},[20,77077,143],{},[37,77079,77080],{"className":39,"code":69999,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,77081,77082],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77083,77084],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77085,69999],{"class":64},[283,77087,77089],{"id":77088},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[37,77091,77093],{"className":39,"code":77092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77094,77095,77119,77123],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77096,77097,77099,77101,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77098,53],{"class":52},[46,77100,57],{"class":56},[46,77102,61],{"class":60},[46,77104,1494],{"class":64},[46,77106,68],{"class":60},[46,77108,7962],{"class":64},[46,77110,68],{"class":60},[46,77112,7967],{"class":64},[46,77114,68],{"class":60},[46,77116,51007],{"class":64},[46,77118,84],{"class":60},[46,77120,77121],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77122,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,77124,77125,77127,77129,77131,77133,77135,77137,77139],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,77126,91],{"class":90},[46,77128,94],{"class":60},[46,77130,103],{"class":102},[46,77132,1152],{"class":60},[46,77134,2243],{"class":64},[46,77136,198],{"class":60},[46,77138,2249],{"class":64},[46,77140,1161],{"class":60},[20,77142,143],{},[37,77144,77146],{"className":39,"code":77145,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[30]\n",[15,77147,77148],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77149,77150,77152,77154],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77151,1152],{"class":60},[46,77153,37010],{"class":64},[46,77155,84],{"class":60},[20,77157,13930],{},[172,77159,77160,77166],{},[175,77161,77162,77165],{},[15,77163,77164],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[175,77167,77168,77171],{},[15,77169,77170],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77173,77174],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[172,77176,77177,77180],{},[175,77178,77179],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[175,77181,77182],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77184,2393],{},[37,77186,77188],{"className":39,"code":77187,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77189,77190,77210,77214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77191,77192,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77193,53],{"class":52},[46,77195,57],{"class":56},[46,77197,61],{"class":60},[46,77199,1494],{"class":64},[46,77201,68],{"class":60},[46,77203,7962],{"class":64},[46,77205,68],{"class":60},[46,77207,7967],{"class":64},[46,77209,84],{"class":60},[46,77211,77212],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77213,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,77215,77216,77218,77220,77222,77224,77226,77228,77230],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,77217,91],{"class":90},[46,77219,94],{"class":60},[46,77221,103],{"class":102},[46,77223,1152],{"class":60},[46,77225,65],{"class":64},[46,77227,198],{"class":60},[46,77229,1494],{"class":64},[46,77231,1161],{"class":60},[20,77233,143],{},[37,77235,77236],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,77237,77238],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77239,77240],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77241,38463],{"class":60},[20,77243,77244],{},"But this would raise an error:",[37,77246,77248],{"className":39,"code":77247,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77249,77250,77270,77274],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77251,77252,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77253,53],{"class":52},[46,77255,57],{"class":56},[46,77257,61],{"class":60},[46,77259,1494],{"class":64},[46,77261,68],{"class":60},[46,77263,7962],{"class":64},[46,77265,68],{"class":60},[46,77267,7967],{"class":64},[46,77269,84],{"class":60},[46,77271,77272],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77273,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,77275,77276,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,77277,91],{"class":90},[46,77279,94],{"class":60},[46,77281,103],{"class":102},[46,77283,1152],{"class":60},[46,77285,65],{"class":64},[46,77287,1161],{"class":60},[20,77289,77290,77291,507],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[501,77292,69418],{"href":69417},[32,77294,15343],{"id":77295},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77297,77298],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[172,77300,77301,77305,77307,77310,77316],{},[175,77302,1859,77303,75895],{},[15,77304,75580],{},[175,77306,60852],{},[175,77308,77309],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[175,77311,37372,77312,8876,77314],{},[15,77313,76215],{},[15,77315,73682],{},[175,77317,77318,77319,77321],{},"Using step ",[15,77320,554],{},", which causes an error",[283,77323,77325],{"id":77324},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[37,77327,77329],{"className":39,"code":77328,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77330,77331,77359],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77332,77333,77335,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353,77355,77357],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77334,53],{"class":52},[46,77336,57],{"class":56},[46,77338,61],{"class":60},[46,77340,1494],{"class":64},[46,77342,68],{"class":60},[46,77344,7962],{"class":64},[46,77346,68],{"class":60},[46,77348,7967],{"class":64},[46,77350,68],{"class":60},[46,77352,51007],{"class":64},[46,77354,68],{"class":60},[46,77356,5254],{"class":64},[46,77358,84],{"class":60},[46,77360,77361,77363,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77362,91],{"class":90},[46,77364,94],{"class":60},[46,77366,103],{"class":102},[46,77368,1152],{"class":60},[46,77370,3175],{"class":64},[46,77372,198],{"class":60},[46,77374,2691],{"class":64},[46,77376,1161],{"class":60},[20,77378,77379],{},"This returns:",[37,77381,77383],{"className":39,"code":77382,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77384,77385],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77386,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395,77397,77399],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77388,1152],{"class":60},[46,77390,1501],{"class":64},[46,77392,68],{"class":60},[46,77394,7967],{"class":64},[46,77396,68],{"class":60},[46,77398,51007],{"class":64},[46,77400,84],{"class":60},[20,77402,41070,77403,77405,77406,77408,77409,507],{},[3924,77404,4805],{}," include ",[15,77407,76947],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77410,2691],{},[283,77412,77414],{"id":77413},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77416,16809],{},[37,77418,77420],{"className":39,"code":77419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77421,77422,77442],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77423,77424,77426,77428,77430,77432,77434,77436,77438,77440],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77425,53],{"class":52},[46,77427,57],{"class":56},[46,77429,61],{"class":60},[46,77431,1494],{"class":64},[46,77433,68],{"class":60},[46,77435,7962],{"class":64},[46,77437,68],{"class":60},[46,77439,7967],{"class":64},[46,77441,84],{"class":60},[46,77443,77444],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77445,77446],{"class":3845},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77448,77449],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[37,77451,77453],{"className":39,"code":77452,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77454,77455],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77456,77457,77459,77461,77463,77465,77467,77469,77471],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77458,91],{"class":90},[46,77460,94],{"class":60},[46,77462,103],{"class":102},[46,77464,1152],{"class":60},[46,77466,3175],{"class":64},[46,77468,198],{"class":60},[46,77470,2249],{"class":64},[46,77472,1161],{"class":60},[283,77474,77476],{"id":77475},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77478,77479],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[37,77481,77483],{"className":39,"code":77482,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77484,77485,77509,77523,77527,77537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77486,77487,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499,77501,77503,77505,77507],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77488,53],{"class":52},[46,77490,57],{"class":56},[46,77492,61],{"class":60},[46,77494,1494],{"class":64},[46,77496,68],{"class":60},[46,77498,7962],{"class":64},[46,77500,68],{"class":60},[46,77502,7967],{"class":64},[46,77504,68],{"class":60},[46,77506,51007],{"class":64},[46,77508,84],{"class":60},[46,77510,77511,77513,77515,77517,77519,77521],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77512,75813],{"class":52},[46,77514,57],{"class":56},[46,77516,4437],{"class":52},[46,77518,75689],{"class":60},[46,77520,2243],{"class":64},[46,77522,84],{"class":60},[46,77524,77525],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,77526,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,77528,77529,77531,77533,77535],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,77530,91],{"class":90},[46,77532,94],{"class":60},[46,77534,75836],{"class":102},[46,77536,215],{"class":60},[46,77538,77539,77541,77543,77545],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,77540,91],{"class":90},[46,77542,94],{"class":60},[46,77544,103],{"class":102},[46,77546,215],{"class":60},[20,77548,143],{},[37,77550,77552],{"className":39,"code":77551,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77553,77554,77566],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77555,77556,77558,77560,77562,77564],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77557,1152],{"class":60},[46,77559,1494],{"class":64},[46,77561,68],{"class":60},[46,77563,7962],{"class":64},[46,77565,84],{"class":60},[46,77567,77568,77570,77572,77574,77576,77578,77580,77582,77584],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77569,1152],{"class":60},[46,77571,1494],{"class":64},[46,77573,68],{"class":60},[46,77575,7962],{"class":64},[46,77577,68],{"class":60},[46,77579,7967],{"class":64},[46,77581,68],{"class":60},[46,77583,51007],{"class":64},[46,77585,84],{"class":60},[20,77587,77588],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[283,77590,77592,77593,8876,77595],{"id":77591},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77594,76215],{},[15,77596,73682],{},[37,77598,77600],{"className":39,"code":77599,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77601,77602,77622,77626,77643,77654],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77603,77604,77606,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77605,53],{"class":52},[46,77607,57],{"class":56},[46,77609,61],{"class":60},[46,77611,1494],{"class":64},[46,77613,68],{"class":60},[46,77615,7962],{"class":64},[46,77617,68],{"class":60},[46,77619,7967],{"class":64},[46,77621,84],{"class":60},[46,77623,77624],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77625,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,77627,77628,77631,77633,77635,77637,77639,77641],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,77629,77630],{"class":52},"reversed_copy ",[46,77632,57],{"class":56},[46,77634,4437],{"class":52},[46,77636,74278],{"class":60},[46,77638,2208],{"class":56},[46,77640,3175],{"class":64},[46,77642,84],{"class":60},[46,77644,77645,77647,77649,77652],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,77646,91],{"class":90},[46,77648,94],{"class":60},[46,77650,77651],{"class":102},"reversed_copy",[46,77653,215],{"class":60},[46,77655,77656,77658,77660,77662],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,77657,91],{"class":90},[46,77659,94],{"class":60},[46,77661,103],{"class":102},[46,77663,215],{"class":60},[20,77665,143],{},[37,77667,77669],{"className":39,"code":77668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77670,77671,77687],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77672,77673,77675,77677,77679,77681,77683,77685],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77674,1152],{"class":60},[46,77676,37010],{"class":64},[46,77678,68],{"class":60},[46,77680,7962],{"class":64},[46,77682,68],{"class":60},[46,77684,6176],{"class":64},[46,77686,84],{"class":60},[46,77688,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77690,1152],{"class":60},[46,77692,1494],{"class":64},[46,77694,68],{"class":60},[46,77696,7962],{"class":64},[46,77698,68],{"class":60},[46,77700,7967],{"class":64},[46,77702,84],{"class":60},[20,77704,77705,77708],{},[15,77706,77707],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77710,77711,77712,77715],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77713,77714],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[283,77717,77719],{"id":77718},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77721,77722],{},"This is not allowed:",[37,77724,77726],{"className":39,"code":77725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77727,77728,77748],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77729,77730,77732,77734,77736,77738,77740,77742,77744,77746],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77731,53],{"class":52},[46,77733,57],{"class":56},[46,77735,61],{"class":60},[46,77737,1494],{"class":64},[46,77739,68],{"class":60},[46,77741,7962],{"class":64},[46,77743,68],{"class":60},[46,77745,7967],{"class":64},[46,77747,84],{"class":60},[46,77749,77750],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77751,77752],{"class":3845},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77754,77755,77756,507],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77757,573],{},[32,77759,77761],{"id":77760},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77763,77764],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[172,77766,77767,77774,77780,77783,77786],{},[175,77768,37372,77769,2051,77771,77773],{},[15,77770,36241],{},[15,77772,75580],{}," positions",[175,77775,77776,77777,77779],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77778,75580],{}," index is included",[175,77781,77782],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[175,77784,77785],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[175,77787,77788],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77790,77791],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[37,77793,77795],{"className":39,"code":77794,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77796,77797,77807,77821,77839,77853,77870],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,77798,77799,77801,77803,77805],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,77800,91],{"class":90},[46,77802,94],{"class":60},[46,77804,8511],{"class":102},[46,77806,215],{"class":60},[46,77808,77809,77811,77813,77815,77817,77819],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,77810,91],{"class":90},[46,77812,94],{"class":60},[46,77814,476],{"class":90},[46,77816,94],{"class":60},[46,77818,8511],{"class":102},[46,77820,106],{"class":60},[46,77822,77823,77825,77827,77829,77831,77833,77835,77837],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,77824,91],{"class":90},[46,77826,94],{"class":60},[46,77828,8511],{"class":102},[46,77830,1152],{"class":60},[46,77832,3175],{"class":64},[46,77834,198],{"class":60},[46,77836,2691],{"class":64},[46,77838,1161],{"class":60},[46,77840,77841,77843,77845,77847,77849,77851],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,77842,91],{"class":90},[46,77844,94],{"class":60},[46,77846,8511],{"class":102},[46,77848,75689],{"class":60},[46,77850,2249],{"class":64},[46,77852,1161],{"class":60},[46,77854,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863,77865,77867],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,77856,91],{"class":90},[46,77858,94],{"class":60},[46,77860,8511],{"class":102},[46,77862,1152],{"class":60},[46,77864,2208],{"class":56},[46,77866,2249],{"class":64},[46,77868,77869],{"class":60},":])\n",[46,77871,77872,77874,77876,77878,77880,77882,77884],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,77873,91],{"class":90},[46,77875,94],{"class":60},[46,77877,8511],{"class":102},[46,77879,74278],{"class":60},[46,77881,2208],{"class":56},[46,77883,3175],{"class":64},[46,77885,1161],{"class":60},[20,77887,578,77888,77890,77891,77895],{},[15,77889,498],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[501,77892,77894],{"href":77893},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[32,77897,1991],{"id":1990},[283,77899,77901],{"id":77900},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77903,77904],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[283,77906,77908],{"id":77907},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77910,77911],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[283,77913,1995,77915,40126],{"id":77914},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77916,76215],{},[20,77918,77919],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[283,77921,77923,77924,2035],{"id":77922},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77925,70890],{},[20,77927,77928],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[32,77930,2065],{"id":2064},[172,77932,77933,77938,77943,77947,77951,77955],{},[175,77934,77935],{},[501,77936,77937],{"href":51143},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[175,77939,77940],{},[501,77941,77942],{"href":57315},"How to create a list in Python",[175,77944,77945],{},[501,77946,15131],{"href":57381},[175,77948,77949],{},[501,77950,74961],{"href":74960},[175,77952,77953],{},[501,77954,77894],{"href":77893},[175,77956,77957],{},[501,77958,69418],{"href":69417},[20,77960,77961,77962,77964],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77963,498],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2103,77966,77967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":77969},[77970,77971,77972,77973,77974,77975,77978,77982,77990,77991,77999],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":75744,"depth":87,"text":75745},{"id":75907,"depth":87,"text":75908},{"id":76169,"depth":87,"text":76170},{"id":76462,"depth":87,"text":76463},{"id":76708,"depth":87,"text":76709,"children":77976},[77977],{"id":76966,"depth":109,"text":76967},{"id":77020,"depth":87,"text":77021,"children":77979},[77980,77981],{"id":77027,"depth":109,"text":77028},{"id":77088,"depth":109,"text":77089},{"id":77295,"depth":87,"text":15343,"children":77983},[77984,77985,77986,77987,77989],{"id":77324,"depth":109,"text":77325},{"id":77413,"depth":109,"text":77414},{"id":77475,"depth":109,"text":77476},{"id":77591,"depth":109,"text":77988},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77718,"depth":109,"text":77719},{"id":77760,"depth":87,"text":77761},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":77992},[77993,77994,77995,77997],{"id":77900,"depth":109,"text":77901},{"id":77907,"depth":109,"text":77908},{"id":77914,"depth":109,"text":77996},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77922,"depth":109,"text":77998},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75567,"description":78000},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":78007,"title":78008,"body":78009,"description":80073,"extension":2150,"meta":80074,"navigation":112,"path":80075,"seo":80076,"stem":80077,"__hash__":80078},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":78010,"toc":80039},[78011,78016,78022,78028,78030,78077,78084,78089,78093,78108,78111,78164,78166,78191,78196,78198,78230,78233,78249,78251,78312,78314,78339,78343,78348,78401,78403,78428,78433,78494,78496,78521,78524,78530,78534,78537,78598,78600,78633,78636,78697,78699,78732,78738,78811,78813,78845,78852,78857,78862,78864,78876,78879,78956,78958,78999,79002,79076,79078,79111,79116,79123,79130,79134,79143,79147,79155,79157,79224,79226,79262,79267,79278,79280,79285,79290,79292,79355,79357,79382,79389,79394,79398,79401,79441,79446,79452,79457,79459,79486,79491,79494,79541,79543,79600,79607,79612,79618,79687,79691,79694,79755,79757,79790,79795,79797,79800,79881,79883,79907,79913,79915,79920,79924,79931,79939,79943,79945,79968,79972,79974,80001,80004,80011,80014,80016,80036],[10,78012,54504,78014,11490],{"id":78013},"python-list-sort-method",[15,78015,64472],{},[20,78017,78018,78021],{},[15,78019,78020],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78023,78024,78025,78027],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78026,64472],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[32,78029,35],{"id":34},[37,78031,78033],{"className":39,"code":78032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78034,78035,78055,78065],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78036,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78038,53],{"class":52},[46,78040,57],{"class":56},[46,78042,61],{"class":60},[46,78044,2249],{"class":64},[46,78046,68],{"class":60},[46,78048,81],{"class":64},[46,78050,68],{"class":60},[46,78052,71],{"class":64},[46,78054,84],{"class":60},[46,78056,78057,78059,78061,78063],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78058,103],{"class":52},[46,78060,507],{"class":60},[46,78062,34968],{"class":102},[46,78064,8814],{"class":60},[46,78066,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78068,91],{"class":90},[46,78070,94],{"class":60},[46,78072,103],{"class":102},[46,78074,1592],{"class":60},[46,78076,55094],{"class":3845},[20,78078,160,78079,78081,78082,507],{},[15,78080,78020],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78083,1326],{},[32,78085,167,78087,170],{"id":78086},"what-listsort-does",[15,78088,78020],{},[20,78090,78091,198],{},[15,78092,78020],{},[172,78094,78095,78098,78101,78105],{},[175,78096,78097],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[175,78099,78100],{},"Changes the original list",[175,78102,11592,78103],{},[15,78104,1326],{},[175,78106,78107],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78109,78110],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[37,78112,78114],{"className":39,"code":78113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78115,78116,78140,78150,78154],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78117,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130,78132,78134,78136,78138],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78119,53],{"class":52},[46,78121,57],{"class":56},[46,78123,61],{"class":60},[46,78125,65],{"class":64},[46,78127,68],{"class":60},[46,78129,71],{"class":64},[46,78131,68],{"class":60},[46,78133,76],{"class":64},[46,78135,68],{"class":60},[46,78137,81],{"class":64},[46,78139,84],{"class":60},[46,78141,78142,78144,78146,78148],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78143,103],{"class":52},[46,78145,507],{"class":60},[46,78147,34968],{"class":102},[46,78149,8814],{"class":60},[46,78151,78152],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78153,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78157,91],{"class":90},[46,78159,94],{"class":60},[46,78161,103],{"class":102},[46,78163,215],{"class":60},[20,78165,143],{},[37,78167,78169],{"className":39,"code":78168,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78170,78171],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78172,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78174,1152],{"class":60},[46,78176,3175],{"class":64},[46,78178,68],{"class":60},[46,78180,71],{"class":64},[46,78182,68],{"class":60},[46,78184,1508],{"class":64},[46,78186,68],{"class":60},[46,78188,76],{"class":64},[46,78190,84],{"class":60},[20,78192,78193,78194,507],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[501,78195,67237],{"href":51143},[32,78197,2343],{"id":2342},[37,78199,78201],{"className":39,"code":78200,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78202,78203],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78204,78205,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78224,78226,78228],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78206,8511],{"class":52},[46,78208,507],{"class":60},[46,78210,34968],{"class":102},[46,78212,94],{"class":60},[46,78214,408],{"class":254},[46,78216,57],{"class":56},[46,78218,1326],{"class":1325},[46,78220,68],{"class":60},[46,78222,78223],{"class":254}," reverse",[46,78225,57],{"class":56},[46,78227,3856],{"class":1325},[46,78229,215],{"class":60},[20,78231,78232],{},"Main arguments:",[172,78234,78235,78240,78246],{},[175,78236,78237,78239],{},[15,78238,408],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[175,78241,78242,78245],{},[15,78243,78244],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[175,78247,78248],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78250,2393],{},[37,78252,78254],{"className":39,"code":78253,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78255,78256,78280,78298,78302],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78257,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78259,53],{"class":52},[46,78261,57],{"class":56},[46,78263,61],{"class":60},[46,78265,2691],{"class":64},[46,78267,68],{"class":60},[46,78269,81],{"class":64},[46,78271,68],{"class":60},[46,78273,6165],{"class":64},[46,78275,68],{"class":60},[46,78277,71],{"class":64},[46,78279,84],{"class":60},[46,78281,78282,78284,78286,78288,78290,78292,78294,78296],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78283,103],{"class":52},[46,78285,507],{"class":60},[46,78287,34968],{"class":102},[46,78289,94],{"class":60},[46,78291,73733],{"class":254},[46,78293,57],{"class":56},[46,78295,3787],{"class":1325},[46,78297,215],{"class":60},[46,78299,78300],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78301,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78303,78304,78306,78308,78310],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78305,91],{"class":90},[46,78307,94],{"class":60},[46,78309,103],{"class":102},[46,78311,215],{"class":60},[20,78313,143],{},[37,78315,78317],{"className":39,"code":78316,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78318,78319],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78320,78321,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78322,1152],{"class":60},[46,78324,2211],{"class":64},[46,78326,68],{"class":60},[46,78328,2643],{"class":64},[46,78330,68],{"class":60},[46,78332,71],{"class":64},[46,78334,68],{"class":60},[46,78336,81],{"class":64},[46,78338,84],{"class":60},[32,78340,78342],{"id":78341},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78344,160,78345,78347],{},[15,78346,64472],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[37,78349,78351],{"className":39,"code":78350,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78352,78353,78377,78387,78391],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78354,78355,78357,78359,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78356,53],{"class":52},[46,78358,57],{"class":56},[46,78360,61],{"class":60},[46,78362,1494],{"class":64},[46,78364,68],{"class":60},[46,78366,312],{"class":64},[46,78368,68],{"class":60},[46,78370,6532],{"class":64},[46,78372,68],{"class":60},[46,78374,81],{"class":64},[46,78376,84],{"class":60},[46,78378,78379,78381,78383,78385],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78380,103],{"class":52},[46,78382,507],{"class":60},[46,78384,34968],{"class":102},[46,78386,8814],{"class":60},[46,78388,78389],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78390,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78392,78393,78395,78397,78399],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78394,91],{"class":90},[46,78396,94],{"class":60},[46,78398,103],{"class":102},[46,78400,215],{"class":60},[20,78402,143],{},[37,78404,78406],{"className":39,"code":78405,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78407,78408],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78409,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78411,1152],{"class":60},[46,78413,3175],{"class":64},[46,78415,68],{"class":60},[46,78417,312],{"class":64},[46,78419,68],{"class":60},[46,78421,6532],{"class":64},[46,78423,68],{"class":60},[46,78425,6176],{"class":64},[46,78427,84],{"class":60},[20,78429,160,78430,78432],{},[15,78431,78244],{}," for descending order:",[37,78434,78436],{"className":39,"code":78435,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78437,78438,78462,78480,78484],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78439,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78441,53],{"class":52},[46,78443,57],{"class":56},[46,78445,61],{"class":60},[46,78447,1494],{"class":64},[46,78449,68],{"class":60},[46,78451,312],{"class":64},[46,78453,68],{"class":60},[46,78455,6532],{"class":64},[46,78457,68],{"class":60},[46,78459,81],{"class":64},[46,78461,84],{"class":60},[46,78463,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78465,103],{"class":52},[46,78467,507],{"class":60},[46,78469,34968],{"class":102},[46,78471,94],{"class":60},[46,78473,73733],{"class":254},[46,78475,57],{"class":56},[46,78477,3787],{"class":1325},[46,78479,215],{"class":60},[46,78481,78482],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78483,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78485,78486,78488,78490,78492],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78487,91],{"class":90},[46,78489,94],{"class":60},[46,78491,103],{"class":102},[46,78493,215],{"class":60},[20,78495,143],{},[37,78497,78499],{"className":39,"code":78498,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78500,78501],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78502,78503,78505,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78504,1152],{"class":60},[46,78506,1494],{"class":64},[46,78508,68],{"class":60},[46,78510,6532],{"class":64},[46,78512,68],{"class":60},[46,78514,312],{"class":64},[46,78516,68],{"class":60},[46,78518,81],{"class":64},[46,78520,84],{"class":60},[20,78522,78523],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78525,78526,78527,507],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[501,78528,78529],{"href":2090},"how to sort a list in Python",[32,78531,78533],{"id":78532},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78535,78536],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[37,78538,78540],{"className":39,"code":78539,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78541,78542,78574,78584,78588],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78543,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78545,419],{"class":52},[46,78547,57],{"class":56},[46,78549,61],{"class":60},[46,78551,427],{"class":426},[46,78553,450],{"class":430},[46,78555,427],{"class":426},[46,78557,68],{"class":60},[46,78559,438],{"class":426},[46,78561,756],{"class":430},[46,78563,427],{"class":426},[46,78565,68],{"class":60},[46,78567,438],{"class":426},[46,78569,765],{"class":430},[46,78571,427],{"class":426},[46,78573,84],{"class":60},[46,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78577,467],{"class":52},[46,78579,507],{"class":60},[46,78581,34968],{"class":102},[46,78583,8814],{"class":60},[46,78585,78586],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78587,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78589,78590,78592,78594,78596],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78591,91],{"class":90},[46,78593,94],{"class":60},[46,78595,467],{"class":102},[46,78597,215],{"class":60},[20,78599,143],{},[37,78601,78603],{"className":39,"code":78602,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78604,78605],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78606,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78621,78623,78625,78627,78629,78631],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78608,1152],{"class":60},[46,78610,1188],{"class":426},[46,78612,756],{"class":430},[46,78614,1188],{"class":426},[46,78616,68],{"class":60},[46,78618,1197],{"class":426},[46,78620,450],{"class":430},[46,78622,1188],{"class":426},[46,78624,68],{"class":60},[46,78626,1197],{"class":426},[46,78628,765],{"class":430},[46,78630,1188],{"class":426},[46,78632,84],{"class":60},[20,78634,78635],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[37,78637,78639],{"className":39,"code":78638,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78640,78641,78673,78683,78687],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78642,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663,78665,78667,78669,78671],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78644,419],{"class":52},[46,78646,57],{"class":56},[46,78648,61],{"class":60},[46,78650,427],{"class":426},[46,78652,450],{"class":430},[46,78654,427],{"class":426},[46,78656,68],{"class":60},[46,78658,438],{"class":426},[46,78660,823],{"class":430},[46,78662,427],{"class":426},[46,78664,68],{"class":60},[46,78666,438],{"class":426},[46,78668,765],{"class":430},[46,78670,427],{"class":426},[46,78672,84],{"class":60},[46,78674,78675,78677,78679,78681],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78676,467],{"class":52},[46,78678,507],{"class":60},[46,78680,34968],{"class":102},[46,78682,8814],{"class":60},[46,78684,78685],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78686,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78688,78689,78691,78693,78695],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78690,91],{"class":90},[46,78692,94],{"class":60},[46,78694,467],{"class":102},[46,78696,215],{"class":60},[20,78698,143],{},[37,78700,78702],{"className":39,"code":78701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78703,78704],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78705,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716,78718,78720,78722,78724,78726,78728,78730],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78707,1152],{"class":60},[46,78709,1188],{"class":426},[46,78711,823],{"class":430},[46,78713,1188],{"class":426},[46,78715,68],{"class":60},[46,78717,1197],{"class":426},[46,78719,450],{"class":430},[46,78721,1188],{"class":426},[46,78723,68],{"class":60},[46,78725,1197],{"class":426},[46,78727,765],{"class":430},[46,78729,1188],{"class":426},[46,78731,84],{"class":60},[20,78733,78734,78735,198],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78736,78737],{},"key=str.lower",[37,78739,78741],{"className":39,"code":78740,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78742,78743,78775,78797,78801],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78744,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78761,78763,78765,78767,78769,78771,78773],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78746,419],{"class":52},[46,78748,57],{"class":56},[46,78750,61],{"class":60},[46,78752,427],{"class":426},[46,78754,450],{"class":430},[46,78756,427],{"class":426},[46,78758,68],{"class":60},[46,78760,438],{"class":426},[46,78762,823],{"class":430},[46,78764,427],{"class":426},[46,78766,68],{"class":60},[46,78768,438],{"class":426},[46,78770,765],{"class":430},[46,78772,427],{"class":426},[46,78774,84],{"class":60},[46,78776,78777,78779,78781,78783,78785,78787,78789,78791,78793,78795],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78778,467],{"class":52},[46,78780,507],{"class":60},[46,78782,34968],{"class":102},[46,78784,94],{"class":60},[46,78786,408],{"class":254},[46,78788,57],{"class":56},[46,78790,1769],{"class":1270},[46,78792,507],{"class":60},[46,78794,1775],{"class":1774},[46,78796,215],{"class":60},[46,78798,78799],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78800,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78802,78803,78805,78807,78809],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78804,91],{"class":90},[46,78806,94],{"class":60},[46,78808,467],{"class":102},[46,78810,215],{"class":60},[20,78812,143],{},[37,78814,78815],{"className":39,"code":78701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,78816,78817],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78818,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78820,1152],{"class":60},[46,78822,1188],{"class":426},[46,78824,823],{"class":430},[46,78826,1188],{"class":426},[46,78828,68],{"class":60},[46,78830,1197],{"class":426},[46,78832,450],{"class":430},[46,78834,1188],{"class":426},[46,78836,68],{"class":60},[46,78838,1197],{"class":426},[46,78840,765],{"class":430},[46,78842,1188],{"class":426},[46,78844,84],{"class":60},[20,78846,78847,78848,78851],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78849,78850],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[32,78853,36782,78855,36785],{"id":78854},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78856,408],{},[20,78858,882,78859,78861],{},[15,78860,408],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78863,7516],{},[172,78865,78866,78871],{},[175,78867,78868,78870],{},[15,78869,476],{}," to sort by length",[175,78872,78873,78875],{},[15,78874,78850],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78877,78878],{},"Sort words by length:",[37,78880,78882],{"className":39,"code":78881,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78883,78884,78924,78942,78946],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78885,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78887,419],{"class":52},[46,78889,57],{"class":56},[46,78891,61],{"class":60},[46,78893,427],{"class":426},[46,78895,431],{"class":430},[46,78897,427],{"class":426},[46,78899,68],{"class":60},[46,78901,438],{"class":426},[46,78903,450],{"class":430},[46,78905,427],{"class":426},[46,78907,68],{"class":60},[46,78909,438],{"class":426},[46,78911,38523],{"class":430},[46,78913,427],{"class":426},[46,78915,68],{"class":60},[46,78917,438],{"class":426},[46,78919,756],{"class":430},[46,78921,427],{"class":426},[46,78923,84],{"class":60},[46,78925,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78936,78938,78940],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,78927,467],{"class":52},[46,78929,507],{"class":60},[46,78931,34968],{"class":102},[46,78933,94],{"class":60},[46,78935,408],{"class":254},[46,78937,57],{"class":56},[46,78939,476],{"class":90},[46,78941,215],{"class":60},[46,78943,78944],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,78945,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,78947,78948,78950,78952,78954],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,78949,91],{"class":90},[46,78951,94],{"class":60},[46,78953,467],{"class":102},[46,78955,215],{"class":60},[20,78957,143],{},[37,78959,78961],{"className":39,"code":78960,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78962,78963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,78964,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977,78979,78981,78983,78985,78987,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,78966,1152],{"class":60},[46,78968,1188],{"class":426},[46,78970,38523],{"class":430},[46,78972,1188],{"class":426},[46,78974,68],{"class":60},[46,78976,1197],{"class":426},[46,78978,431],{"class":430},[46,78980,1188],{"class":426},[46,78982,68],{"class":60},[46,78984,1197],{"class":426},[46,78986,756],{"class":430},[46,78988,1188],{"class":426},[46,78990,68],{"class":60},[46,78992,1197],{"class":426},[46,78994,450],{"class":430},[46,78996,1188],{"class":426},[46,78998,84],{"class":60},[20,79000,79001],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[37,79003,79005],{"className":39,"code":79004,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79006,79007,79040,79062,79066],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79008,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79036,79038],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79010,419],{"class":52},[46,79012,57],{"class":56},[46,79014,61],{"class":60},[46,79016,427],{"class":426},[46,79018,5187],{"class":430},[46,79020,427],{"class":426},[46,79022,68],{"class":60},[46,79024,438],{"class":426},[46,79026,17970],{"class":430},[46,79028,427],{"class":426},[46,79030,68],{"class":60},[46,79032,438],{"class":426},[46,79034,79035],{"class":430},"Carol",[46,79037,427],{"class":426},[46,79039,84],{"class":60},[46,79041,79042,79044,79046,79048,79050,79052,79054,79056,79058,79060],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79043,467],{"class":52},[46,79045,507],{"class":60},[46,79047,34968],{"class":102},[46,79049,94],{"class":60},[46,79051,408],{"class":254},[46,79053,57],{"class":56},[46,79055,1769],{"class":1270},[46,79057,507],{"class":60},[46,79059,1775],{"class":1774},[46,79061,215],{"class":60},[46,79063,79064],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,79065,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,79067,79068,79070,79072,79074],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,79069,91],{"class":90},[46,79071,94],{"class":60},[46,79073,467],{"class":102},[46,79075,215],{"class":60},[20,79077,143],{},[37,79079,79081],{"className":39,"code":79080,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79082,79083],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79084,79085,79087,79089,79091,79093,79095,79097,79099,79101,79103,79105,79107,79109],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79086,1152],{"class":60},[46,79088,1188],{"class":426},[46,79090,17970],{"class":430},[46,79092,1188],{"class":426},[46,79094,68],{"class":60},[46,79096,1197],{"class":426},[46,79098,5187],{"class":430},[46,79100,1188],{"class":426},[46,79102,68],{"class":60},[46,79104,1197],{"class":426},[46,79106,79035],{"class":430},[46,79108,1188],{"class":426},[46,79110,84],{"class":60},[20,79112,882,79113,79115],{},[15,79114,408],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[32,79117,79119,10755,79121],{"id":79118},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79120,78020],{},[15,79122,872],{},[20,79124,79125,2051,79127,79129],{},[15,79126,78020],{},[15,79128,872],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79131,79132,198],{},[15,79133,78020],{},[172,79135,79136,79139],{},[175,79137,79138],{},"Changes the existing list",[175,79140,11592,79141],{},[15,79142,1326],{},[20,79144,79145,198],{},[15,79146,872],{},[172,79148,79149,79152],{},[175,79150,79151],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[175,79153,79154],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79156,2393],{},[37,79158,79160],{"className":39,"code":79159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79161,79162,79182,79186,79200,79204,79214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79163,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79165,53],{"class":52},[46,79167,57],{"class":56},[46,79169,61],{"class":60},[46,79171,2249],{"class":64},[46,79173,68],{"class":60},[46,79175,81],{"class":64},[46,79177,68],{"class":60},[46,79179,71],{"class":64},[46,79181,84],{"class":60},[46,79183,79184],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79185,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,79187,79188,79190,79192,79194,79196,79198],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,79189,56052],{"class":52},[46,79191,57],{"class":56},[46,79193,74712],{"class":90},[46,79195,94],{"class":60},[46,79197,103],{"class":102},[46,79199,215],{"class":60},[46,79201,79202],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,79203,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,79205,79206,79208,79210,79212],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,79207,91],{"class":90},[46,79209,94],{"class":60},[46,79211,103],{"class":102},[46,79213,215],{"class":60},[46,79215,79216,79218,79220,79222],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,79217,91],{"class":90},[46,79219,94],{"class":60},[46,79221,74437],{"class":102},[46,79223,215],{"class":60},[20,79225,143],{},[37,79227,79228],{"className":39,"code":74747,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,79229,79230,79246],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79231,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240,79242,79244],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79233,1152],{"class":60},[46,79235,2249],{"class":64},[46,79237,68],{"class":60},[46,79239,81],{"class":64},[46,79241,68],{"class":60},[46,79243,71],{"class":64},[46,79245,84],{"class":60},[46,79247,79248,79250,79252,79254,79256,79258,79260],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79249,1152],{"class":60},[46,79251,3175],{"class":64},[46,79253,68],{"class":60},[46,79255,71],{"class":64},[46,79257,68],{"class":60},[46,79259,312],{"class":64},[46,79261,84],{"class":60},[20,79263,160,79264,79266],{},[15,79265,872],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79268,79269,79270,2051,79274,507],{},"You can learn more in ",[501,79271,13,79272,873],{"href":869},[15,79273,872],{},[501,79275,79277],{"href":79276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[32,79279,1834],{"id":1833},[20,79281,79282,79283,507],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79284,78020],{},[283,79286,12762,79288],{"id":79287},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79289,64472],{},[20,79291,25858],{},[37,79293,79295],{"className":39,"code":79294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79296,79297,79317,79331,79335,79345],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79298,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79300,53],{"class":52},[46,79302,57],{"class":56},[46,79304,61],{"class":60},[46,79306,2249],{"class":64},[46,79308,68],{"class":60},[46,79310,81],{"class":64},[46,79312,68],{"class":60},[46,79314,71],{"class":64},[46,79316,84],{"class":60},[46,79318,79319,79321,79323,79325,79327,79329],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79320,2416],{"class":52},[46,79322,57],{"class":56},[46,79324,4437],{"class":52},[46,79326,507],{"class":60},[46,79328,34968],{"class":102},[46,79330,8814],{"class":60},[46,79332,79333],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,79334,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,79336,79337,79339,79341,79343],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,79338,91],{"class":90},[46,79340,94],{"class":60},[46,79342,2451],{"class":102},[46,79344,215],{"class":60},[46,79346,79347,79349,79351,79353],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,79348,91],{"class":90},[46,79350,94],{"class":60},[46,79352,103],{"class":102},[46,79354,215],{"class":60},[20,79356,143],{},[37,79358,79360],{"className":39,"code":79359,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79361,79362,79366],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79363,79364],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79365,1333],{"class":1325},[46,79367,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378,79380],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79369,1152],{"class":60},[46,79371,3175],{"class":64},[46,79373,68],{"class":60},[46,79375,71],{"class":64},[46,79377,68],{"class":60},[46,79379,312],{"class":64},[46,79381,84],{"class":60},[20,79383,79384,79386,79387,507],{},[15,79385,64472],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79388,1326],{},[20,79390,79391,79392,6803],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79393,872],{},[283,79395,79397],{"id":79396},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79399,79400],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[37,79402,79404],{"className":39,"code":79403,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79405,79406,79431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79407,79408,79410,79412,79414,79416,79418,79420,79423,79425,79427,79429],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79409,1398],{"class":52},[46,79411,57],{"class":56},[46,79413,61],{"class":60},[46,79415,3175],{"class":64},[46,79417,68],{"class":60},[46,79419,438],{"class":426},[46,79421,79422],{"class":430},"two",[46,79424,427],{"class":426},[46,79426,68],{"class":60},[46,79428,312],{"class":64},[46,79430,84],{"class":60},[46,79432,79433,79435,79437,79439],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79434,1415],{"class":52},[46,79436,507],{"class":60},[46,79438,34968],{"class":102},[46,79440,8814],{"class":60},[20,79442,1386,79443,79445],{},[15,79444,1638],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[283,79447,1859,79449,79451],{"id":79448},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79450,64472],{}," only works on lists",[20,79453,79454,79456],{},[15,79455,64472],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79458,16809],{},[37,79460,79462],{"className":39,"code":79461,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79463,79464,79476],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79465,79466,79468,79470,79472,79474],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79467,34856],{"class":52},[46,79469,57],{"class":56},[46,79471,438],{"class":426},[46,79473,41],{"class":430},[46,79475,3544],{"class":426},[46,79477,79478,79480,79482,79484],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79479,34877],{"class":52},[46,79481,507],{"class":60},[46,79483,34968],{"class":102},[46,79485,8814],{"class":60},[20,79487,79488,79489,33769],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79490,64472],{},[20,79492,79493],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[37,79495,79497],{"className":39,"code":79496,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79498,79499,79517,79527,79531],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79500,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79502,36259],{"class":52},[46,79504,57],{"class":56},[46,79506,22727],{"class":1270},[46,79508,94],{"class":60},[46,79510,427],{"class":426},[46,79512,41],{"class":430},[46,79514,427],{"class":426},[46,79516,215],{"class":60},[46,79518,79519,79521,79523,79525],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79520,36312],{"class":52},[46,79522,507],{"class":60},[46,79524,34968],{"class":102},[46,79526,8814],{"class":60},[46,79528,79529],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,79530,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,79532,79533,79535,79537,79539],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,79534,91],{"class":90},[46,79536,94],{"class":60},[46,79538,36312],{"class":102},[46,79540,215],{"class":60},[20,79542,143],{},[37,79544,79546],{"className":39,"code":79545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79547,79548],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79549,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568,79570,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79551,1152],{"class":60},[46,79553,1188],{"class":426},[46,79555,60598],{"class":430},[46,79557,1188],{"class":426},[46,79559,68],{"class":60},[46,79561,1197],{"class":426},[46,79563,76184],{"class":430},[46,79565,1188],{"class":426},[46,79567,68],{"class":60},[46,79569,1197],{"class":426},[46,79571,60633],{"class":430},[46,79573,1188],{"class":426},[46,79575,68],{"class":60},[46,79577,1197],{"class":426},[46,79579,20],{"class":430},[46,79581,1188],{"class":426},[46,79583,68],{"class":60},[46,79585,1197],{"class":426},[46,79587,63447],{"class":430},[46,79589,1188],{"class":426},[46,79591,68],{"class":60},[46,79593,1197],{"class":426},[46,79595,11914],{"class":430},[46,79597,1188],{"class":426},[46,79599,84],{"class":60},[283,79601,79603,79604,79606],{"id":79602},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79605,408],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79608,79609,79610,507],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79611,408],{},[20,79613,79614,79615,79617],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79616,64472],{}," will not do that:",[37,79619,79621],{"className":39,"code":79620,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79622,79623,79655,79673,79677],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79624,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647,79649,79651,79653],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79626,419],{"class":52},[46,79628,57],{"class":56},[46,79630,61],{"class":60},[46,79632,427],{"class":426},[46,79634,450],{"class":430},[46,79636,427],{"class":426},[46,79638,68],{"class":60},[46,79640,438],{"class":426},[46,79642,38523],{"class":430},[46,79644,427],{"class":426},[46,79646,68],{"class":60},[46,79648,438],{"class":426},[46,79650,756],{"class":430},[46,79652,427],{"class":426},[46,79654,84],{"class":60},[46,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663,79665,79667,79669,79671],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79658,467],{"class":52},[46,79660,507],{"class":60},[46,79662,34968],{"class":102},[46,79664,94],{"class":60},[46,79666,408],{"class":254},[46,79668,57],{"class":56},[46,79670,476],{"class":90},[46,79672,215],{"class":60},[46,79674,79675],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,79676,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,79678,79679,79681,79683,79685],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,79680,91],{"class":90},[46,79682,94],{"class":60},[46,79684,467],{"class":102},[46,79686,215],{"class":60},[283,79688,79690],{"id":79689},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79692,79693],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[37,79695,79697],{"className":39,"code":79696,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79698,79699,79731,79741,79745],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79700,79701,79703,79705,79707,79709,79711,79713,79715,79717,79719,79721,79723,79725,79727,79729],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79702,419],{"class":52},[46,79704,57],{"class":56},[46,79706,61],{"class":60},[46,79708,427],{"class":426},[46,79710,1663],{"class":430},[46,79712,427],{"class":426},[46,79714,68],{"class":60},[46,79716,438],{"class":426},[46,79718,823],{"class":430},[46,79720,427],{"class":426},[46,79722,68],{"class":60},[46,79724,438],{"class":426},[46,79726,1680],{"class":430},[46,79728,427],{"class":426},[46,79730,84],{"class":60},[46,79732,79733,79735,79737,79739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79734,467],{"class":52},[46,79736,507],{"class":60},[46,79738,34968],{"class":102},[46,79740,8814],{"class":60},[46,79742,79743],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,79744,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,79746,79747,79749,79751,79753],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,79748,91],{"class":90},[46,79750,94],{"class":60},[46,79752,467],{"class":102},[46,79754,215],{"class":60},[20,79756,143],{},[37,79758,79760],{"className":39,"code":79759,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79761,79762],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79763,79764,79766,79768,79770,79772,79774,79776,79778,79780,79782,79784,79786,79788],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79765,1152],{"class":60},[46,79767,1188],{"class":426},[46,79769,823],{"class":430},[46,79771,1188],{"class":426},[46,79773,68],{"class":60},[46,79775,1197],{"class":426},[46,79777,1680],{"class":430},[46,79779,1188],{"class":426},[46,79781,68],{"class":60},[46,79783,1197],{"class":426},[46,79785,1663],{"class":430},[46,79787,1188],{"class":426},[46,79789,84],{"class":60},[20,79791,160,79792,79794],{},[15,79793,78737],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[283,79796,60870],{"id":60869},[20,79798,79799],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[37,79801,79803],{"className":39,"code":79802,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79804,79805,79815,79829,79843,79857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79806,79807,79809,79811,79813],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79808,91],{"class":90},[46,79810,94],{"class":60},[46,79812,8511],{"class":102},[46,79814,215],{"class":60},[46,79816,79817,79819,79821,79823,79825,79827],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,79818,91],{"class":90},[46,79820,94],{"class":60},[46,79822,1889],{"class":1270},[46,79824,94],{"class":60},[46,79826,8511],{"class":102},[46,79828,106],{"class":60},[46,79830,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,79832,91],{"class":90},[46,79834,94],{"class":60},[46,79836,8511],{"class":102},[46,79838,507],{"class":60},[46,79840,34968],{"class":102},[46,79842,7367],{"class":60},[46,79844,79845,79847,79849,79851,79853,79855],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,79846,91],{"class":90},[46,79848,94],{"class":60},[46,79850,74669],{"class":90},[46,79852,94],{"class":60},[46,79854,8511],{"class":102},[46,79856,106],{"class":60},[46,79858,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,79860,91],{"class":90},[46,79862,3172],{"class":60},[46,79864,1889],{"class":1270},[46,79866,94],{"class":60},[46,79868,23478],{"class":102},[46,79870,1592],{"class":60},[46,79872,1596],{"class":1595},[46,79874,6132],{"class":102},[46,79876,1602],{"class":1595},[46,79878,8568],{"class":102},[46,79880,1161],{"class":60},[20,79882,11338],{},[172,79884,79885,79888,79891,79898,79904],{},[175,79886,79887],{},"What values are in the list",[175,79889,79890],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[175,79892,79893,79894,2583,79896],{},"That ",[15,79895,64472],{},[15,79897,1326],{},[175,79899,79900,79901,79903],{},"Whether ",[15,79902,872],{}," works better for your case",[175,79905,79906],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79908,79909,79910,79912],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79911,1638],{}," problems.",[32,79914,1991],{"id":1990},[283,79916,12872,79918,55631],{"id":79917},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79919,78020],{},[20,79921,62763,79922,507],{},[15,79923,1326],{},[283,79925,2048,79927,2051,79929,2035],{"id":79926},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79928,64472],{},[15,79930,872],{},[20,79932,79933,79935,79936,79938],{},[15,79934,64472],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79937,872],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[283,79940,79942],{"id":79941},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79944,18862],{},[37,79946,79948],{"className":39,"code":79947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79949,79950],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79951,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964,79966],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79953,8511],{"class":52},[46,79955,507],{"class":60},[46,79957,34968],{"class":102},[46,79959,94],{"class":60},[46,79961,73733],{"class":254},[46,79963,57],{"class":56},[46,79965,3787],{"class":1325},[46,79967,215],{"class":60},[283,79969,79971],{"id":79970},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79973,18862],{},[37,79975,79977],{"className":39,"code":79976,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79978,79979],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,79980,79981,79983,79985,79987,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997,79999],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,79982,8511],{"class":52},[46,79984,507],{"class":60},[46,79986,34968],{"class":102},[46,79988,94],{"class":60},[46,79990,408],{"class":254},[46,79992,57],{"class":56},[46,79994,1769],{"class":1270},[46,79996,507],{"class":60},[46,79998,1775],{"class":1774},[46,80000,215],{"class":60},[20,80002,80003],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[283,80005,80007,80008,80010],{"id":80006},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,80009,1638],{}," when sorting?",[20,80012,80013],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[32,80015,2065],{"id":2064},[172,80017,80018,80022,80028,80032],{},[175,80019,80020],{},[501,80021,2091],{"href":2090},[175,80023,80024],{},[501,80025,13,80026,873],{"href":869},[15,80027,872],{},[175,80029,80030],{},[501,80031,67237],{"href":51143},[175,80033,80034],{},[501,80035,79277],{"href":79276},[2103,80037,80038],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":80040},[80041,80042,80044,80045,80046,80047,80049,80051,80062,80072],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":78086,"depth":87,"text":80043},"What list.sort() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":78341,"depth":87,"text":78342},{"id":78532,"depth":87,"text":78533},{"id":78854,"depth":87,"text":80048},"Using the key argument",{"id":79118,"depth":87,"text":80050},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":80052},[80053,80055,80056,80058,80060,80061],{"id":79287,"depth":109,"text":80054},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79396,"depth":109,"text":79397},{"id":79448,"depth":109,"text":80057},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79602,"depth":109,"text":80059},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79689,"depth":109,"text":79690},{"id":60869,"depth":109,"text":60870},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":80063},[80064,80066,80068,80069,80070],{"id":79917,"depth":109,"text":80065},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79926,"depth":109,"text":80067},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79941,"depth":109,"text":79942},{"id":79970,"depth":109,"text":79971},{"id":80006,"depth":109,"text":80071},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":78008,"description":80073},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80080,"title":80081,"body":80082,"description":82713,"extension":2150,"meta":82714,"navigation":112,"path":82715,"seo":82716,"stem":82717,"__hash__":82718},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80083,"toc":82672},[80084,80089,80094,80097,80108,80111,80131,80133,80195,80197,80238,80247,80252,80257,80263,80274,80276,80295,80298,80303,80308,80310,80315,80329,80331,80349,80352,80369,80372,80378,80401,80406,80408,80411,80472,80474,80507,80509,80548,80556,80566,80572,80577,80670,80672,80696,80698,80716,80719,80750,80756,80761,80764,80766,80891,80893,80917,80919,80938,80944,80950,81069,81071,81088,81095,81101,81106,81113,81119,81121,81178,81181,81202,81205,81208,81269,81271,81304,81308,81378,81380,81397,81401,81404,81479,81481,81518,81521,81524,81595,81597,81658,81663,81668,81671,81685,81687,81760,81762,81782,81785,81788,81845,81907,81910,81942,81945,81960,81965,81967,81973,81976,82032,82035,82037,82056,82060,82062,82106,82115,82117,82177,82181,82184,82186,82279,82281,82396,82400,82402,82476,82479,82482,82484,82489,82554,82556,82580,82590,82592,82598,82607,82616,82625,82631,82634,82638,82641,82643,82669],[10,80085,13,80087,18],{"id":80086},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80088,39882],{},[20,80090,3765,80091,80093],{},[15,80092,39882],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80095,80096],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[172,80098,80099,80102,80105],{},[175,80100,80101],{},"converting numbers to strings",[175,80103,80104],{},"changing strings to integers",[175,80106,80107],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80109,80110],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[172,80112,80113,80120,80126],{},[175,80114,80115,14221,80117,80119],{},[15,80116,39882],{},[3924,80118,4805],{}," return a list in Python 3",[175,80121,80122,80123],{},"it returns a ",[3924,80124,80125],{},"map object",[175,80127,80128,80129],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80130,24948],{},[32,80132,35],{"id":34},[37,80134,80136],{"className":39,"code":80135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80137,80138,80162,80181],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80139,80140,80142,80144,80146,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80141,53],{"class":52},[46,80143,57],{"class":56},[46,80145,61],{"class":60},[46,80147,3175],{"class":64},[46,80149,68],{"class":60},[46,80151,71],{"class":64},[46,80153,68],{"class":60},[46,80155,312],{"class":64},[46,80157,68],{"class":60},[46,80159,2643],{"class":64},[46,80161,84],{"class":60},[46,80163,80164,80166,80168,80171,80173,80175,80177,80179],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,80165,2416],{"class":52},[46,80167,57],{"class":56},[46,80169,80170],{"class":90}," map",[46,80172,94],{"class":60},[46,80174,1769],{"class":1270},[46,80176,68],{"class":60},[46,80178,4437],{"class":102},[46,80180,215],{"class":60},[46,80182,80183,80185,80187,80189,80191,80193],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,80184,91],{"class":90},[46,80186,94],{"class":60},[46,80188,8265],{"class":1270},[46,80190,94],{"class":60},[46,80192,2451],{"class":102},[46,80194,106],{"class":60},[20,80196,143],{},[37,80198,80200],{"className":39,"code":80199,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80201,80202],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80203,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234,80236],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80205,1152],{"class":60},[46,80207,1188],{"class":426},[46,80209,3175],{"class":430},[46,80211,1188],{"class":426},[46,80213,68],{"class":60},[46,80215,1197],{"class":426},[46,80217,2243],{"class":430},[46,80219,1188],{"class":426},[46,80221,68],{"class":60},[46,80223,1197],{"class":426},[46,80225,2249],{"class":430},[46,80227,1188],{"class":426},[46,80229,68],{"class":60},[46,80231,1197],{"class":426},[46,80233,2691],{"class":430},[46,80235,1188],{"class":426},[46,80237,84],{"class":60},[20,80239,160,80240,80243,80244,80246],{},[15,80241,80242],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80245,24948],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[32,80248,167,80250,170],{"id":80249},"what-map-does",[15,80251,39882],{},[20,80253,80254,80256],{},[15,80255,39882],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80258,80259,80260,80262],{},"An ",[3924,80261,212],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[172,80264,80265,80267,80269,80271],{},[175,80266,38067],{},[175,80268,38070],{},[175,80270,38073],{},[175,80272,80273],{},"a range object",[20,80275,30893],{},[37,80277,80279],{"className":39,"code":80278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80280,80281],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80282,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291,80293],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80284,40025],{"class":90},[46,80286,94],{"class":60},[46,80288,38026],{"class":102},[46,80290,68],{"class":60},[46,80292,38031],{"class":102},[46,80294,215],{"class":60},[20,80296,80297],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80299,80300,80301,33910],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3924,80302,80125],{},[20,80304,80305,80306,507],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[501,80307,5310],{"href":5309},[32,80309,2343],{"id":2342},[20,80311,80312,80314],{},[15,80313,39882],{}," needs at least two parts:",[172,80316,80317,80323],{},[175,80318,80319,80322],{},[3924,80320,80321],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[175,80324,80325,80328],{},[3924,80326,80327],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80330,3887],{},[37,80332,80333],{"className":39,"code":80278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,80334,80335],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80336,80337,80339,80341,80343,80345,80347],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80338,40025],{"class":90},[46,80340,94],{"class":60},[46,80342,38026],{"class":102},[46,80344,68],{"class":60},[46,80346,38031],{"class":102},[46,80348,215],{"class":60},[20,80350,80351],{},"You can pass:",[172,80353,80354,80363,80366],{},[175,80355,80356,80357,2374,80359,2378,80361],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80358,1769],{},[15,80360,1584],{},[15,80362,2203],{},[175,80364,80365],{},"your own custom function",[175,80367,80368],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80370,80371],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80373,80374,80375,80377],{},"You will often see ",[15,80376,39882],{}," used like this:",[37,80379,80381],{"className":39,"code":80380,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80382,80383],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80384,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395,80397,80399],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80386,8265],{"class":1270},[46,80388,94],{"class":60},[46,80390,40025],{"class":90},[46,80392,94],{"class":60},[46,80394,38026],{"class":102},[46,80396,68],{"class":60},[46,80398,4064],{"class":102},[46,80400,106],{"class":60},[20,80402,6849,80403,80405],{},[15,80404,24948],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[32,80407,11643],{"id":11642},[20,80409,80410],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[37,80412,80414],{"className":39,"code":80413,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80415,80416,80436,80454,80458],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80417,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80419,53],{"class":52},[46,80421,57],{"class":56},[46,80423,61],{"class":60},[46,80425,1494],{"class":64},[46,80427,68],{"class":60},[46,80429,7962],{"class":64},[46,80431,68],{"class":60},[46,80433,7967],{"class":64},[46,80435,84],{"class":60},[46,80437,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,80439,2416],{"class":52},[46,80441,57],{"class":56},[46,80443,80170],{"class":90},[46,80445,94],{"class":60},[46,80447,1769],{"class":1270},[46,80449,68],{"class":60},[46,80451,4437],{"class":102},[46,80453,215],{"class":60},[46,80455,80456],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,80457,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,80459,80460,80462,80464,80466,80468,80470],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,80461,91],{"class":90},[46,80463,94],{"class":60},[46,80465,8265],{"class":1270},[46,80467,94],{"class":60},[46,80469,2451],{"class":102},[46,80471,106],{"class":60},[20,80473,143],{},[37,80475,80477],{"className":39,"code":80476,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80478,80479],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80480,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80482,1152],{"class":60},[46,80484,1188],{"class":426},[46,80486,1494],{"class":430},[46,80488,1188],{"class":426},[46,80490,68],{"class":60},[46,80492,1197],{"class":426},[46,80494,1501],{"class":430},[46,80496,1188],{"class":426},[46,80498,68],{"class":60},[46,80500,1197],{"class":426},[46,80502,37010],{"class":430},[46,80504,1188],{"class":426},[46,80506,84],{"class":60},[20,80508,11852],{},[172,80510,80511,80516,80524,80532,80540],{},[175,80512,80513,80515],{},[15,80514,103],{}," contains integers",[175,80517,80518,80521,80522],{},[15,80519,80520],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80523,47846],{},[175,80525,80526,42320,80529],{},[15,80527,80528],{},"str(10)",[15,80530,80531],{},"'10'",[175,80533,80534,42320,80537],{},[15,80535,80536],{},"str(20)",[15,80538,80539],{},"'20'",[175,80541,80542,42320,80545],{},[15,80543,80544],{},"str(30)",[15,80546,80547],{},"'30'",[20,80549,53816,80550,80552,80553,80555],{},[15,80551,39882],{}," applies ",[15,80554,47846],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80557,80558,80559,80561,80562,507],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80560,24948],{}," better, see ",[501,80563,13,80564,506],{"href":65008},[15,80565,24948],{},[32,80567,578,80569,80571],{"id":80568},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80570,39882],{}," with your own function",[20,80573,15881,80574,80576],{},[15,80575,39882],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[37,80578,80580],{"className":39,"code":80579,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80581,80582,80595,80605,80609,80633,80652,80656],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80583,80584,80586,80589,80591,80593],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80585,35020],{"class":1140},[46,80587,80588],{"class":35023}," double",[46,80590,94],{"class":60},[46,80592,1589],{"class":1144},[46,80594,8514],{"class":60},[46,80596,80597,80599,80601,80603],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,80598,35031],{"class":1595},[46,80600,1599],{"class":52},[46,80602,40038],{"class":56},[46,80604,45754],{"class":64},[46,80606,80607],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,80608,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,80610,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,80612,53],{"class":52},[46,80614,57],{"class":56},[46,80616,61],{"class":60},[46,80618,3175],{"class":64},[46,80620,68],{"class":60},[46,80622,71],{"class":64},[46,80624,68],{"class":60},[46,80626,312],{"class":64},[46,80628,68],{"class":60},[46,80630,2643],{"class":64},[46,80632,84],{"class":60},[46,80634,80635,80637,80639,80641,80643,80646,80648,80650],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,80636,2416],{"class":52},[46,80638,57],{"class":56},[46,80640,80170],{"class":90},[46,80642,94],{"class":60},[46,80644,80645],{"class":102},"double",[46,80647,68],{"class":60},[46,80649,4437],{"class":102},[46,80651,215],{"class":60},[46,80653,80654],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,80655,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,80657,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,80659,91],{"class":90},[46,80661,94],{"class":60},[46,80663,8265],{"class":1270},[46,80665,94],{"class":60},[46,80667,2451],{"class":102},[46,80669,106],{"class":60},[20,80671,143],{},[37,80673,80674],{"className":39,"code":40051,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,80675,80676],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80677,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688,80690,80692,80694],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80679,1152],{"class":60},[46,80681,2243],{"class":64},[46,80683,68],{"class":60},[46,80685,2643],{"class":64},[46,80687,68],{"class":60},[46,80689,37811],{"class":64},[46,80691,68],{"class":60},[46,80693,6532],{"class":64},[46,80695,84],{"class":60},[20,80697,65745],{},[172,80699,80700,80707,80713],{},[175,80701,80702,80704,80705],{},[15,80703,39882],{}," takes the function ",[15,80706,80645],{},[175,80708,80709,80710,80712],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80711,103],{}," into that function",[175,80714,80715],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80717,80718],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[172,80720,80721,80728,80735,80743],{},[175,80722,80723,6244,80726],{},[15,80724,80725],{},"double(1)",[15,80727,2243],{},[175,80729,80730,6244,80733],{},[15,80731,80732],{},"double(2)",[15,80734,2691],{},[175,80736,80737,6244,80740],{},[15,80738,80739],{},"double(3)",[15,80741,80742],{},"6",[175,80744,80745,6244,80748],{},[15,80746,80747],{},"double(4)",[15,80749,307],{},[32,80751,578,80753,80755],{"id":80752},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80754,39882],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80757,80758,80760],{},[15,80759,39882],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80762,80763],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80765,2393],{},[37,80767,80769],{"className":39,"code":80768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80770,80771,80788,80798,80802,80823,80844,80848,80873,80877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80772,80773,80775,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80774,35020],{"class":1140},[46,80776,80777],{"class":35023}," add_numbers",[46,80779,94],{"class":60},[46,80781,501],{"class":1144},[46,80783,68],{"class":60},[46,80785,2746],{"class":1144},[46,80787,8514],{"class":60},[46,80789,80790,80792,80794,80796],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,80791,35031],{"class":1595},[46,80793,44709],{"class":52},[46,80795,2246],{"class":56},[46,80797,36351],{"class":52},[46,80799,80800],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,80801,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,80803,80804,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817,80819,80821],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,80805,80806],{"class":52},"list1 ",[46,80808,57],{"class":56},[46,80810,61],{"class":60},[46,80812,3175],{"class":64},[46,80814,68],{"class":60},[46,80816,71],{"class":64},[46,80818,68],{"class":60},[46,80820,312],{"class":64},[46,80822,84],{"class":60},[46,80824,80825,80828,80830,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80842],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,80826,80827],{"class":52},"list2 ",[46,80829,57],{"class":56},[46,80831,61],{"class":60},[46,80833,1494],{"class":64},[46,80835,68],{"class":60},[46,80837,7962],{"class":64},[46,80839,68],{"class":60},[46,80841,7967],{"class":64},[46,80843,84],{"class":60},[46,80845,80846],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,80847,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,80849,80850,80852,80854,80856,80858,80861,80863,80866,80868,80871],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,80851,2416],{"class":52},[46,80853,57],{"class":56},[46,80855,80170],{"class":90},[46,80857,94],{"class":60},[46,80859,80860],{"class":102},"add_numbers",[46,80862,68],{"class":60},[46,80864,80865],{"class":102}," list1",[46,80867,68],{"class":60},[46,80869,80870],{"class":102}," list2",[46,80872,215],{"class":60},[46,80874,80875],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,80876,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,80878,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,80880,91],{"class":90},[46,80882,94],{"class":60},[46,80884,8265],{"class":1270},[46,80886,94],{"class":60},[46,80888,2451],{"class":102},[46,80890,106],{"class":60},[20,80892,143],{},[37,80894,80896],{"className":39,"code":80895,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80897,80898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80899,80900,80902,80905,80907,80910,80912,80915],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80901,1152],{"class":60},[46,80903,80904],{"class":64},"11",[46,80906,68],{"class":60},[46,80908,80909],{"class":64}," 22",[46,80911,68],{"class":60},[46,80913,80914],{"class":64}," 33",[46,80916,84],{"class":60},[20,80918,2364],{},[172,80920,80921,80927,80933],{},[175,80922,80923,80924],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80925,80926],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[175,80928,80929,80930],{},"then ",[15,80931,80932],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[175,80934,80929,80935],{},[15,80936,80937],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[283,80939,80941,80943],{"id":80940},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80942,39882],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80945,80946,80947,80949],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80948,39882],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[37,80951,80953],{"className":39,"code":80952,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80954,80955,80971,80981,80985,81009,81025,81029,81051,81055],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,80956,80957,80959,80961,80963,80965,80967,80969],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,80958,35020],{"class":1140},[46,80960,80777],{"class":35023},[46,80962,94],{"class":60},[46,80964,501],{"class":1144},[46,80966,68],{"class":60},[46,80968,2746],{"class":1144},[46,80970,8514],{"class":60},[46,80972,80973,80975,80977,80979],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,80974,35031],{"class":1595},[46,80976,44709],{"class":52},[46,80978,2246],{"class":56},[46,80980,36351],{"class":52},[46,80982,80983],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,80984,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,80986,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,80988,80806],{"class":52},[46,80990,57],{"class":56},[46,80992,61],{"class":60},[46,80994,3175],{"class":64},[46,80996,68],{"class":60},[46,80998,71],{"class":64},[46,81000,68],{"class":60},[46,81002,312],{"class":64},[46,81004,68],{"class":60},[46,81006,2643],{"class":64},[46,81008,84],{"class":60},[46,81010,81011,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,81012,80827],{"class":52},[46,81014,57],{"class":56},[46,81016,61],{"class":60},[46,81018,1494],{"class":64},[46,81020,68],{"class":60},[46,81022,7962],{"class":64},[46,81024,84],{"class":60},[46,81026,81027],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,81028,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81030,81031,81033,81035,81037,81039,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,81032,2416],{"class":52},[46,81034,57],{"class":56},[46,81036,80170],{"class":90},[46,81038,94],{"class":60},[46,81040,80860],{"class":102},[46,81042,68],{"class":60},[46,81044,80865],{"class":102},[46,81046,68],{"class":60},[46,81048,80870],{"class":102},[46,81050,215],{"class":60},[46,81052,81053],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,81054,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81056,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,81058,91],{"class":90},[46,81060,94],{"class":60},[46,81062,8265],{"class":1270},[46,81064,94],{"class":60},[46,81066,2451],{"class":102},[46,81068,106],{"class":60},[20,81070,143],{},[37,81072,81074],{"className":39,"code":81073,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81075,81076],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81077,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81079,1152],{"class":60},[46,81081,80904],{"class":64},[46,81083,68],{"class":60},[46,81085,80909],{"class":64},[46,81087,84],{"class":60},[20,81089,81090,81091,81094],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81092,81093],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[32,81096,81098,81100],{"id":81097},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81099,39882],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81102,38189,81103,81105],{},[15,81104,39882],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81107,81108,81109,81112],{},"This object is ",[3924,81110,81111],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[283,81114,2675,81116,81118],{"id":81115},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81117,33195],{}," looks strange",[20,81120,33811],{},[37,81122,81124],{"className":39,"code":81123,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81125,81126,81146,81164,81168],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81127,81128,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81129,53],{"class":52},[46,81131,57],{"class":56},[46,81133,61],{"class":60},[46,81135,3175],{"class":64},[46,81137,68],{"class":60},[46,81139,71],{"class":64},[46,81141,68],{"class":60},[46,81143,312],{"class":64},[46,81145,84],{"class":60},[46,81147,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81149,2416],{"class":52},[46,81151,57],{"class":56},[46,81153,80170],{"class":90},[46,81155,94],{"class":60},[46,81157,1769],{"class":1270},[46,81159,68],{"class":60},[46,81161,4437],{"class":102},[46,81163,215],{"class":60},[46,81165,81166],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81167,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81169,81170,81172,81174,81176],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,81171,91],{"class":90},[46,81173,94],{"class":60},[46,81175,2451],{"class":102},[46,81177,215],{"class":60},[20,81179,81180],{},"Output will look something like this:",[37,81182,81184],{"className":39,"code":81183,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81185,81186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81187,81188,81190,81192,81194,81196,81198,81200],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81189,3476],{"class":56},[46,81191,40025],{"class":90},[46,81193,24785],{"class":1270},[46,81195,37532],{"class":52},[46,81197,37536],{"class":37535},[46,81199,260],{"class":34622},[46,81201,3488],{"class":56},[20,81203,81204],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81206,81207],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[37,81209,81211],{"className":39,"code":81210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81212,81213,81233,81251,81255],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81214,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81216,53],{"class":52},[46,81218,57],{"class":56},[46,81220,61],{"class":60},[46,81222,3175],{"class":64},[46,81224,68],{"class":60},[46,81226,71],{"class":64},[46,81228,68],{"class":60},[46,81230,312],{"class":64},[46,81232,84],{"class":60},[46,81234,81235,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81236,2416],{"class":52},[46,81238,57],{"class":56},[46,81240,80170],{"class":90},[46,81242,94],{"class":60},[46,81244,1769],{"class":1270},[46,81246,68],{"class":60},[46,81248,4437],{"class":102},[46,81250,215],{"class":60},[46,81252,81253],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81254,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81256,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,81258,91],{"class":90},[46,81260,94],{"class":60},[46,81262,8265],{"class":1270},[46,81264,94],{"class":60},[46,81266,2451],{"class":102},[46,81268,106],{"class":60},[20,81270,143],{},[37,81272,81274],{"className":39,"code":81273,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81275,81276],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81277,81278,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81279,1152],{"class":60},[46,81281,1188],{"class":426},[46,81283,3175],{"class":430},[46,81285,1188],{"class":426},[46,81287,68],{"class":60},[46,81289,1197],{"class":426},[46,81291,2243],{"class":430},[46,81293,1188],{"class":426},[46,81295,68],{"class":60},[46,81297,1197],{"class":426},[46,81299,2249],{"class":430},[46,81301,1188],{"class":426},[46,81303,84],{"class":60},[283,81305,81307],{"id":81306},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[37,81309,81311],{"className":39,"code":81310,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81312,81313,81333,81351,81355,81368],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81314,81315,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81316,53],{"class":52},[46,81318,57],{"class":56},[46,81320,61],{"class":60},[46,81322,3175],{"class":64},[46,81324,68],{"class":60},[46,81326,71],{"class":64},[46,81328,68],{"class":60},[46,81330,312],{"class":64},[46,81332,84],{"class":60},[46,81334,81335,81337,81339,81341,81343,81345,81347,81349],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81336,2416],{"class":52},[46,81338,57],{"class":56},[46,81340,80170],{"class":90},[46,81342,94],{"class":60},[46,81344,1769],{"class":1270},[46,81346,68],{"class":60},[46,81348,4437],{"class":102},[46,81350,215],{"class":60},[46,81352,81353],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81354,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81356,81357,81359,81361,81363,81366],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,81358,6129],{"class":1595},[46,81360,6132],{"class":52},[46,81362,1602],{"class":1595},[46,81364,81365],{"class":52}," result",[46,81367,6566],{"class":60},[46,81369,81370,81372,81374,81376],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,81371,8240],{"class":90},[46,81373,94],{"class":60},[46,81375,23478],{"class":102},[46,81377,215],{"class":60},[20,81379,143],{},[37,81381,81383],{"className":39,"code":81382,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81384,81385,81389,81393],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81386,81387],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81388,153],{"class":64},[46,81390,81391],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81392,17222],{"class":64},[46,81394,81395],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81396,46782],{"class":64},[283,81398,81400],{"id":81399},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81402,81403],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[37,81405,81407],{"className":39,"code":81406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81408,81409,81429,81447,81451,81465],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81410,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81412,53],{"class":52},[46,81414,57],{"class":56},[46,81416,61],{"class":60},[46,81418,3175],{"class":64},[46,81420,68],{"class":60},[46,81422,71],{"class":64},[46,81424,68],{"class":60},[46,81426,312],{"class":64},[46,81428,84],{"class":60},[46,81430,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81432,2416],{"class":52},[46,81434,57],{"class":56},[46,81436,80170],{"class":90},[46,81438,94],{"class":60},[46,81440,1769],{"class":1270},[46,81442,68],{"class":60},[46,81444,4437],{"class":102},[46,81446,215],{"class":60},[46,81448,81449],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81450,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81452,81453,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,81454,91],{"class":90},[46,81456,94],{"class":60},[46,81458,8265],{"class":1270},[46,81460,94],{"class":60},[46,81462,2451],{"class":102},[46,81464,106],{"class":60},[46,81466,81467,81469,81471,81473,81475,81477],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,81468,91],{"class":90},[46,81470,94],{"class":60},[46,81472,8265],{"class":1270},[46,81474,94],{"class":60},[46,81476,2451],{"class":102},[46,81478,106],{"class":60},[20,81480,143],{},[37,81482,81484],{"className":39,"code":81483,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81485,81486,81514],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81487,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508,81510,81512],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81489,1152],{"class":60},[46,81491,1188],{"class":426},[46,81493,3175],{"class":430},[46,81495,1188],{"class":426},[46,81497,68],{"class":60},[46,81499,1197],{"class":426},[46,81501,2243],{"class":430},[46,81503,1188],{"class":426},[46,81505,68],{"class":60},[46,81507,1197],{"class":426},[46,81509,2249],{"class":430},[46,81511,1188],{"class":426},[46,81513,84],{"class":60},[46,81515,81516],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81517,38463],{"class":60},[20,81519,81520],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81522,81523],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[37,81525,81527],{"className":39,"code":81526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81528,81529,81549,81571,81575,81585],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81530,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81532,53],{"class":52},[46,81534,57],{"class":56},[46,81536,61],{"class":60},[46,81538,3175],{"class":64},[46,81540,68],{"class":60},[46,81542,71],{"class":64},[46,81544,68],{"class":60},[46,81546,312],{"class":64},[46,81548,84],{"class":60},[46,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81552,2416],{"class":52},[46,81554,57],{"class":56},[46,81556,22727],{"class":1270},[46,81558,94],{"class":60},[46,81560,40025],{"class":90},[46,81562,94],{"class":60},[46,81564,1769],{"class":1270},[46,81566,68],{"class":60},[46,81568,4437],{"class":102},[46,81570,106],{"class":60},[46,81572,81573],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81574,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81576,81577,81579,81581,81583],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,81578,91],{"class":90},[46,81580,94],{"class":60},[46,81582,2451],{"class":102},[46,81584,215],{"class":60},[46,81586,81587,81589,81591,81593],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,81588,91],{"class":90},[46,81590,94],{"class":60},[46,81592,2451],{"class":102},[46,81594,215],{"class":60},[20,81596,143],{},[37,81598,81600],{"className":39,"code":81599,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81601,81602,81630],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81603,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81605,1152],{"class":60},[46,81607,1188],{"class":426},[46,81609,3175],{"class":430},[46,81611,1188],{"class":426},[46,81613,68],{"class":60},[46,81615,1197],{"class":426},[46,81617,2243],{"class":430},[46,81619,1188],{"class":426},[46,81621,68],{"class":60},[46,81623,1197],{"class":426},[46,81625,2249],{"class":430},[46,81627,1188],{"class":426},[46,81629,84],{"class":60},[46,81631,81632,81634,81636,81638,81640,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81633,1152],{"class":60},[46,81635,1188],{"class":426},[46,81637,3175],{"class":430},[46,81639,1188],{"class":426},[46,81641,68],{"class":60},[46,81643,1197],{"class":426},[46,81645,2243],{"class":430},[46,81647,1188],{"class":426},[46,81649,68],{"class":60},[46,81651,1197],{"class":426},[46,81653,2249],{"class":430},[46,81655,1188],{"class":426},[46,81657,84],{"class":60},[32,81659,1794,81661],{"id":81660},"when-to-use-map",[15,81662,39882],{},[20,81664,81665,81667],{},[15,81666,39882],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81669,81670],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[172,81672,81673,81677,81681],{},[175,81674,81675],{},[15,81676,1769],{},[175,81678,81679],{},[15,81680,1584],{},[175,81682,81683],{},[15,81684,2203],{},[20,81686,2393],{},[37,81688,81690],{"className":39,"code":81689,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81691,81692,81724,81746,81750],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81693,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81695,4004],{"class":52},[46,81697,57],{"class":56},[46,81699,61],{"class":60},[46,81701,1188],{"class":426},[46,81703,3175],{"class":430},[46,81705,1188],{"class":426},[46,81707,68],{"class":60},[46,81709,1197],{"class":426},[46,81711,2243],{"class":430},[46,81713,1188],{"class":426},[46,81715,68],{"class":60},[46,81717,1197],{"class":426},[46,81719,2249],{"class":430},[46,81721,1188],{"class":426},[46,81723,84],{"class":60},[46,81725,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81727,53],{"class":52},[46,81729,57],{"class":56},[46,81731,22727],{"class":1270},[46,81733,94],{"class":60},[46,81735,40025],{"class":90},[46,81737,94],{"class":60},[46,81739,1584],{"class":1270},[46,81741,68],{"class":60},[46,81743,4064],{"class":102},[46,81745,106],{"class":60},[46,81747,81748],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81749,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,81751,81752,81754,81756,81758],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,81753,91],{"class":90},[46,81755,94],{"class":60},[46,81757,103],{"class":102},[46,81759,215],{"class":60},[20,81761,143],{},[37,81763,81764],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,81765,81766],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81767,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81769,1152],{"class":60},[46,81771,3175],{"class":64},[46,81773,68],{"class":60},[46,81775,71],{"class":64},[46,81777,68],{"class":60},[46,81779,312],{"class":64},[46,81781,84],{"class":60},[20,81783,81784],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81786,81787],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[37,81789,81791],{"className":39,"code":81790,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81792,81793,81813,81835],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81794,81795,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81796,53],{"class":52},[46,81798,57],{"class":56},[46,81800,61],{"class":60},[46,81802,3175],{"class":64},[46,81804,68],{"class":60},[46,81806,71],{"class":64},[46,81808,68],{"class":60},[46,81810,312],{"class":64},[46,81812,84],{"class":60},[46,81814,81815,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827,81829,81831,81833],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81816,2416],{"class":52},[46,81818,57],{"class":56},[46,81820,22727],{"class":1270},[46,81822,94],{"class":60},[46,81824,40025],{"class":90},[46,81826,94],{"class":60},[46,81828,1769],{"class":1270},[46,81830,68],{"class":60},[46,81832,4437],{"class":102},[46,81834,106],{"class":60},[46,81836,81837,81839,81841,81843],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81838,91],{"class":90},[46,81840,94],{"class":60},[46,81842,2451],{"class":102},[46,81844,215],{"class":60},[37,81846,81848],{"className":39,"code":81847,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81849,81850,81870,81897],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81851,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81853,53],{"class":52},[46,81855,57],{"class":56},[46,81857,61],{"class":60},[46,81859,3175],{"class":64},[46,81861,68],{"class":60},[46,81863,71],{"class":64},[46,81865,68],{"class":60},[46,81867,312],{"class":64},[46,81869,84],{"class":60},[46,81871,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888,81891,81893,81895],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,81873,2416],{"class":52},[46,81875,57],{"class":56},[46,81877,61],{"class":60},[46,81879,1769],{"class":1270},[46,81881,94],{"class":60},[46,81883,76184],{"class":102},[46,81885,1592],{"class":60},[46,81887,1596],{"class":1595},[46,81889,81890],{"class":52}," n ",[46,81892,1602],{"class":1595},[46,81894,4437],{"class":52},[46,81896,84],{"class":60},[46,81898,81899,81901,81903,81905],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,81900,91],{"class":90},[46,81902,94],{"class":60},[46,81904,2451],{"class":102},[46,81906,215],{"class":60},[20,81908,81909],{},"Both produce:",[37,81911,81912],{"className":39,"code":81273,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,81913,81914],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81915,81916,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81917,1152],{"class":60},[46,81919,1188],{"class":426},[46,81921,3175],{"class":430},[46,81923,1188],{"class":426},[46,81925,68],{"class":60},[46,81927,1197],{"class":426},[46,81929,2243],{"class":430},[46,81931,1188],{"class":426},[46,81933,68],{"class":60},[46,81935,1197],{"class":426},[46,81937,2249],{"class":430},[46,81939,1188],{"class":426},[46,81941,84],{"class":60},[20,81943,81944],{},"A simple rule:",[172,81946,81947,81952,81957],{},[175,81948,40156,81949,81951],{},[15,81950,39882],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[175,81953,40162,81954,81956],{},[15,81955,6129],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[175,81958,81959],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81961,81962,81963,507],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[501,81964,4567],{"href":4566},[32,81966,4693],{"id":4692},[283,81968,81970,81971],{"id":81969},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81972,24948],{},[20,81974,81975],{},"This is very common:",[37,81977,81978],{"className":39,"code":81123,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,81979,81980,82000,82018,82022],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,81981,81982,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,81983,53],{"class":52},[46,81985,57],{"class":56},[46,81987,61],{"class":60},[46,81989,3175],{"class":64},[46,81991,68],{"class":60},[46,81993,71],{"class":64},[46,81995,68],{"class":60},[46,81997,312],{"class":64},[46,81999,84],{"class":60},[46,82001,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010,82012,82014,82016],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82003,2416],{"class":52},[46,82005,57],{"class":56},[46,82007,80170],{"class":90},[46,82009,94],{"class":60},[46,82011,1769],{"class":1270},[46,82013,68],{"class":60},[46,82015,4437],{"class":102},[46,82017,215],{"class":60},[46,82019,82020],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82021,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82023,82024,82026,82028,82030],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,82025,91],{"class":90},[46,82027,94],{"class":60},[46,82029,2451],{"class":102},[46,82031,215],{"class":60},[20,82033,82034],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82036,39427],{},[37,82038,82040],{"className":39,"code":82039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82041,82042],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82043,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82045,91],{"class":90},[46,82047,94],{"class":60},[46,82049,8265],{"class":1270},[46,82051,94],{"class":60},[46,82053,2451],{"class":102},[46,82055,106],{"class":60},[283,82057,82059],{"id":82058},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82061,16809],{},[37,82063,82065],{"className":39,"code":82064,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82066,82067,82087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82068,82069,82071,82073,82075,82077,82079,82081,82083,82085],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82070,53],{"class":52},[46,82072,57],{"class":56},[46,82074,61],{"class":60},[46,82076,3175],{"class":64},[46,82078,68],{"class":60},[46,82080,71],{"class":64},[46,82082,68],{"class":60},[46,82084,312],{"class":64},[46,82086,84],{"class":60},[46,82088,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82102,82104],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82090,2416],{"class":52},[46,82092,57],{"class":56},[46,82094,80170],{"class":90},[46,82096,94],{"class":60},[46,82098,1769],{"class":1270},[46,82100,82101],{"class":60},"(),",[46,82103,4437],{"class":102},[46,82105,215],{"class":60},[20,82107,82108,82109,82111,82112,82114],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82110,47846],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82113,39882],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82116,16821],{},[37,82118,82119],{"className":39,"code":81210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,82120,82121,82141,82159,82163],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82122,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82124,53],{"class":52},[46,82126,57],{"class":56},[46,82128,61],{"class":60},[46,82130,3175],{"class":64},[46,82132,68],{"class":60},[46,82134,71],{"class":64},[46,82136,68],{"class":60},[46,82138,312],{"class":64},[46,82140,84],{"class":60},[46,82142,82143,82145,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82144,2416],{"class":52},[46,82146,57],{"class":56},[46,82148,80170],{"class":90},[46,82150,94],{"class":60},[46,82152,1769],{"class":1270},[46,82154,68],{"class":60},[46,82156,4437],{"class":102},[46,82158,215],{"class":60},[46,82160,82161],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82162,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82164,82165,82167,82169,82171,82173,82175],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,82166,91],{"class":90},[46,82168,94],{"class":60},[46,82170,8265],{"class":1270},[46,82172,94],{"class":60},[46,82174,2451],{"class":102},[46,82176,106],{"class":60},[283,82178,82180],{"id":82179},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82182,82183],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82185,16809],{},[37,82187,82189],{"className":39,"code":82188,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82190,82191,82208,82218,82222,82242,82261,82265],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82192,82193,82195,82198,82200,82202,82204,82206],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82194,35020],{"class":1140},[46,82196,82197],{"class":35023}," add",[46,82199,94],{"class":60},[46,82201,501],{"class":1144},[46,82203,68],{"class":60},[46,82205,2746],{"class":1144},[46,82207,8514],{"class":60},[46,82209,82210,82212,82214,82216],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82211,35031],{"class":1595},[46,82213,44709],{"class":52},[46,82215,2246],{"class":56},[46,82217,36351],{"class":52},[46,82219,82220],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82221,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82223,82224,82226,82228,82230,82232,82234,82236,82238,82240],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,82225,53],{"class":52},[46,82227,57],{"class":56},[46,82229,61],{"class":60},[46,82231,3175],{"class":64},[46,82233,68],{"class":60},[46,82235,71],{"class":64},[46,82237,68],{"class":60},[46,82239,312],{"class":64},[46,82241,84],{"class":60},[46,82243,82244,82246,82248,82250,82252,82255,82257,82259],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,82245,2416],{"class":52},[46,82247,57],{"class":56},[46,82249,80170],{"class":90},[46,82251,94],{"class":60},[46,82253,82254],{"class":102},"add",[46,82256,68],{"class":60},[46,82258,4437],{"class":102},[46,82260,215],{"class":60},[46,82262,82263],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,82264,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82266,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275,82277],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,82268,91],{"class":90},[46,82270,94],{"class":60},[46,82272,8265],{"class":1270},[46,82274,94],{"class":60},[46,82276,2451],{"class":102},[46,82278,106],{"class":60},[20,82280,16821],{},[37,82282,82284],{"className":39,"code":82283,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82285,82286,82302,82312,82316,82336,82356,82378,82382],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82287,82288,82290,82292,82294,82296,82298,82300],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82289,35020],{"class":1140},[46,82291,82197],{"class":35023},[46,82293,94],{"class":60},[46,82295,501],{"class":1144},[46,82297,68],{"class":60},[46,82299,2746],{"class":1144},[46,82301,8514],{"class":60},[46,82303,82304,82306,82308,82310],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82305,35031],{"class":1595},[46,82307,44709],{"class":52},[46,82309,2246],{"class":56},[46,82311,36351],{"class":52},[46,82313,82314],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82315,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82317,82318,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,82319,80806],{"class":52},[46,82321,57],{"class":56},[46,82323,61],{"class":60},[46,82325,3175],{"class":64},[46,82327,68],{"class":60},[46,82329,71],{"class":64},[46,82331,68],{"class":60},[46,82333,312],{"class":64},[46,82335,84],{"class":60},[46,82337,82338,82340,82342,82344,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,82339,80827],{"class":52},[46,82341,57],{"class":56},[46,82343,61],{"class":60},[46,82345,1494],{"class":64},[46,82347,68],{"class":60},[46,82349,7962],{"class":64},[46,82351,68],{"class":60},[46,82353,7967],{"class":64},[46,82355,84],{"class":60},[46,82357,82358,82360,82362,82364,82366,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,82359,2416],{"class":52},[46,82361,57],{"class":56},[46,82363,80170],{"class":90},[46,82365,94],{"class":60},[46,82367,82254],{"class":102},[46,82369,68],{"class":60},[46,82371,80865],{"class":102},[46,82373,68],{"class":60},[46,82375,80870],{"class":102},[46,82377,215],{"class":60},[46,82379,82380],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,82381,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82383,82384,82386,82388,82390,82392,82394],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,82385,91],{"class":90},[46,82387,94],{"class":60},[46,82389,8265],{"class":1270},[46,82391,94],{"class":60},[46,82393,2451],{"class":102},[46,82395,106],{"class":60},[283,82397,82399],{"id":82398},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82401,16809],{},[37,82403,82404],{"className":39,"code":81406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,82405,82406,82426,82444,82448,82462],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82407,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82409,53],{"class":52},[46,82411,57],{"class":56},[46,82413,61],{"class":60},[46,82415,3175],{"class":64},[46,82417,68],{"class":60},[46,82419,71],{"class":64},[46,82421,68],{"class":60},[46,82423,312],{"class":64},[46,82425,84],{"class":60},[46,82427,82428,82430,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440,82442],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82429,2416],{"class":52},[46,82431,57],{"class":56},[46,82433,80170],{"class":90},[46,82435,94],{"class":60},[46,82437,1769],{"class":1270},[46,82439,68],{"class":60},[46,82441,4437],{"class":102},[46,82443,215],{"class":60},[46,82445,82446],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82447,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82449,82450,82452,82454,82456,82458,82460],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,82451,91],{"class":90},[46,82453,94],{"class":60},[46,82455,8265],{"class":1270},[46,82457,94],{"class":60},[46,82459,2451],{"class":102},[46,82461,106],{"class":60},[46,82463,82464,82466,82468,82470,82472,82474],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,82465,91],{"class":90},[46,82467,94],{"class":60},[46,82469,8265],{"class":1270},[46,82471,94],{"class":60},[46,82473,2451],{"class":102},[46,82475,106],{"class":60},[20,82477,82478],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82480,82481],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[32,82483,68055],{"id":68054},[20,82485,9047,82486,82488],{},[15,82487,39882],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[37,82490,82492],{"className":39,"code":82491,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82493,82494,82504,82518,82532,82544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82495,82496,82498,82500,82502],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82497,91],{"class":90},[46,82499,94],{"class":60},[46,82501,2451],{"class":102},[46,82503,215],{"class":60},[46,82505,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82516],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82507,91],{"class":90},[46,82509,94],{"class":60},[46,82511,8265],{"class":1270},[46,82513,94],{"class":60},[46,82515,2451],{"class":102},[46,82517,106],{"class":60},[46,82519,82520,82522,82524,82526,82528,82530],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82521,91],{"class":90},[46,82523,94],{"class":60},[46,82525,1889],{"class":1270},[46,82527,94],{"class":60},[46,82529,2451],{"class":102},[46,82531,106],{"class":60},[46,82533,82534,82536,82538,82540,82542],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,82535,6129],{"class":1595},[46,82537,6132],{"class":52},[46,82539,1602],{"class":1595},[46,82541,81365],{"class":52},[46,82543,6566],{"class":60},[46,82545,82546,82548,82550,82552],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,82547,8240],{"class":90},[46,82549,94],{"class":60},[46,82551,23478],{"class":102},[46,82553,215],{"class":60},[20,82555,12840],{},[172,82557,82558,82563,82568,82574],{},[175,82559,82560,82562],{},[15,82561,33195],{}," shows that you have a map object",[175,82564,82565,82567],{},[15,82566,33203],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[175,82569,82570,82573],{},[15,82571,82572],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[175,82575,82576,82577,82579],{},"looping over ",[15,82578,2451],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82581,82582,82583,82586,82587,82589],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82584,82585],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82588,6129],{}," loop consume the map object.",[32,82591,1991],{"id":1990},[283,82593,12872,82595,82597],{"id":82594},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82596,39882],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82599,82600,82601,82603,82604,24106],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82602,39882],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82605,82606],{},"list(map(...))",[283,82608,15069,82610,82612,82613,82615],{"id":82609},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82611,39882],{}," better than a ",[15,82614,6129],{}," loop?",[20,82617,82618,82619,82621,82622,82624],{},"Not always. ",[15,82620,39882],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82623,6129],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[283,82626,2005,82628,82630],{"id":82627},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82629,39882],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82632,82633],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[283,82635,82637],{"id":82636},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82639,82640],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[32,82642,2065],{"id":2064},[172,82644,82645,82651,82657,82661,82665],{},[175,82646,82647],{},[501,82648,13,82649,506],{"href":40251},[15,82650,37743],{},[175,82652,82653],{},[501,82654,13,82655,506],{"href":65008},[15,82656,24948],{},[175,82658,82659],{},[501,82660,5392],{"href":5305},[175,82662,82663],{},[501,82664,5397],{"href":4566},[175,82666,82667],{},[501,82668,5387],{"href":5309},[2103,82670,82671],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":82673},[82674,82675,82677,82678,82679,82681,82686,82693,82695,82702,82703,82712],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":80249,"depth":87,"text":82676},"What map() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":80568,"depth":87,"text":82680},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80752,"depth":87,"text":82682,"children":82683},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82684],{"id":80940,"depth":109,"text":82685},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81097,"depth":87,"text":82687,"children":82688},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82689,82691,82692],{"id":81115,"depth":109,"text":82690},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81306,"depth":109,"text":81307},{"id":81399,"depth":109,"text":81400},{"id":81660,"depth":87,"text":82694},"When to use map()",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":82696},[82697,82699,82700,82701],{"id":81969,"depth":109,"text":82698},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82058,"depth":109,"text":82059},{"id":82179,"depth":109,"text":82180},{"id":82398,"depth":109,"text":82399},{"id":68054,"depth":87,"text":68055},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":82704},[82705,82707,82709,82711],{"id":82594,"depth":109,"text":82706},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82609,"depth":109,"text":82708},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82627,"depth":109,"text":82710},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82636,"depth":109,"text":82637},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80081,"description":82713},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82720,"title":82721,"body":82722,"description":84730,"extension":2150,"meta":84731,"navigation":112,"path":84732,"seo":84733,"stem":84734,"__hash__":84735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82723,"toc":84688},[82724,82729,82734,82737,82745,82748,82750,82874,82876,82894,82896,82916,82921,82925,82939,82942,82945,82947,82952,83064,83067,83084,83090,83093,83155,83157,83166,83169,83183,83185,83230,83232,83241,83251,83257,83260,83287,83289,83297,83300,83303,83373,83375,83383,83386,83391,83396,83447,83449,83457,83460,83462,83479,83481,83533,83536,83542,83546,83551,83554,83558,83617,83619,83628,83633,83642,83646,83709,83711,83719,83724,83728,83733,83813,83815,83824,83831,83836,83841,83844,83879,83881,83889,83892,83898,83900,83950,83952,83961,83964,83982,83984,83989,83995,84002,84029,84031,84052,84057,84092,84097,84103,84108,84151,84154,84157,84196,84203,84209,84214,84229,84233,84240,84243,84247,84252,84256,84261,84263,84324,84326,84355,84360,84367,84375,84377,84379,84404,84406,84509,84512,84530,84539,84541,84546,84549,84554,84557,84559,84568,84574,84578,84636,84643,84651,84653,84685],[10,82725,13,82727,18],{"id":82726},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82728,1829],{},[20,82730,9295,82731,82733],{},[15,82732,1829],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82735,82736],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[172,82738,82739,82742],{},[175,82740,82741],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[175,82743,82744],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82746,82747],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[32,82749,35],{"id":34},[37,82751,82753],{"className":39,"code":82752,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82754,82755,82779,82794,82798,82824,82828,82860],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82756,82757,82759,82761,82763,82765,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82758,53],{"class":52},[46,82760,57],{"class":56},[46,82762,61],{"class":60},[46,82764,2249],{"class":64},[46,82766,68],{"class":60},[46,82768,6532],{"class":64},[46,82770,68],{"class":60},[46,82772,71],{"class":64},[46,82774,68],{"class":60},[46,82776,1508],{"class":64},[46,82778,84],{"class":60},[46,82780,82781,82783,82785,82788,82790,82792],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82782,91],{"class":90},[46,82784,94],{"class":60},[46,82786,82787],{"class":90},"max",[46,82789,94],{"class":60},[46,82791,103],{"class":102},[46,82793,106],{"class":60},[46,82795,82796],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82797,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82799,82800,82802,82804,82806,82808,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820,82822],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,82801,91],{"class":90},[46,82803,94],{"class":60},[46,82805,82787],{"class":90},[46,82807,94],{"class":60},[46,82809,2249],{"class":64},[46,82811,68],{"class":60},[46,82813,6532],{"class":64},[46,82815,68],{"class":60},[46,82817,71],{"class":64},[46,82819,68],{"class":60},[46,82821,1508],{"class":64},[46,82823,106],{"class":60},[46,82825,82826],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,82827,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,82829,82830,82832,82834,82836,82838,82840,82842,82844,82846,82848,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,82831,419],{"class":52},[46,82833,57],{"class":56},[46,82835,61],{"class":60},[46,82837,427],{"class":426},[46,82839,756],{"class":430},[46,82841,427],{"class":426},[46,82843,68],{"class":60},[46,82845,438],{"class":426},[46,82847,450],{"class":430},[46,82849,427],{"class":426},[46,82851,68],{"class":60},[46,82853,438],{"class":426},[46,82855,431],{"class":430},[46,82857,427],{"class":426},[46,82859,84],{"class":60},[46,82861,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,82863,91],{"class":90},[46,82865,94],{"class":60},[46,82867,82787],{"class":90},[46,82869,94],{"class":60},[46,82871,467],{"class":102},[46,82873,106],{"class":60},[20,82875,143],{},[37,82877,82879],{"className":39,"code":82878,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82880,82881,82885,82889],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82882,82883],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82884,2567],{"class":64},[46,82886,82887],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82888,2567],{"class":64},[46,82890,82891],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82892,82893],{"class":52},"pear\n",[20,82895,20124],{},[172,82897,82898,82904,82910],{},[175,82899,82900,82903],{},[15,82901,82902],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[175,82905,82906,82909],{},[15,82907,82908],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[175,82911,82912,82915],{},[15,82913,82914],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[32,82917,167,82919,170],{"id":82918},"what-max-does",[15,82920,1829],{},[20,82922,82923,198],{},[15,82924,1829],{},[172,82926,82927,82930,82933,82936],{},[175,82928,82929],{},"Returns the largest item",[175,82931,82932],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[175,82934,82935],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[175,82937,82938],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82940,82941],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82943,82944],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[32,82946,2343],{"id":2342},[20,82948,82949,82950,198],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82951,1829],{},[37,82953,82955],{"className":39,"code":82954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82956,82957,82967,82991,83013,83036],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,82958,82959,82961,82963,82965],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,82960,82787],{"class":90},[46,82962,94],{"class":60},[46,82964,212],{"class":102},[46,82966,215],{"class":60},[46,82968,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82980,82982,82984,82986,82989],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,82970,82787],{"class":90},[46,82972,94],{"class":60},[46,82974,212],{"class":102},[46,82976,68],{"class":60},[46,82978,82979],{"class":56}," *",[46,82981,68],{"class":60},[46,82983,255],{"class":254},[46,82985,57],{"class":56},[46,82987,82988],{"class":102},"func",[46,82990,215],{"class":60},[46,82992,82993,82995,82997,82999,83001,83003,83005,83007,83009,83011],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,82994,82787],{"class":90},[46,82996,94],{"class":60},[46,82998,212],{"class":102},[46,83000,68],{"class":60},[46,83002,82979],{"class":56},[46,83004,68],{"class":60},[46,83006,275],{"class":254},[46,83008,57],{"class":56},[46,83010,2659],{"class":102},[46,83012,215],{"class":60},[46,83014,83015,83017,83019,83022,83024,83027,83029,83031,83034],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,83016,82787],{"class":90},[46,83018,94],{"class":60},[46,83020,83021],{"class":102},"arg1",[46,83023,68],{"class":60},[46,83025,83026],{"class":102}," arg2",[46,83028,68],{"class":60},[46,83030,82979],{"class":56},[46,83032,83033],{"class":102},"args",[46,83035,215],{"class":60},[46,83037,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,83039,82787],{"class":90},[46,83041,94],{"class":60},[46,83043,83021],{"class":102},[46,83045,68],{"class":60},[46,83047,83026],{"class":102},[46,83049,68],{"class":60},[46,83051,82979],{"class":56},[46,83053,83033],{"class":102},[46,83055,68],{"class":60},[46,83057,255],{"class":254},[46,83059,57],{"class":56},[46,83061,82988],{"class":102},[46,83063,215],{"class":60},[20,83065,83066],{},"The most important parts are:",[172,83068,83069,83074,83079],{},[175,83070,83071,83073],{},[15,83072,212],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[175,83075,83076,83078],{},[15,83077,408],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[175,83080,83081,83083],{},[15,83082,518],{},": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[32,83085,578,83087,83089],{"id":83086},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83088,1829],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83091,83092],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[37,83094,83096],{"className":39,"code":83095,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83097,83098,83124,83140,83144],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83099,83100,83102,83104,83106,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83122],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83101,596],{"class":52},[46,83103,57],{"class":56},[46,83105,61],{"class":60},[46,83107,83108],{"class":64},"72",[46,83110,68],{"class":60},[46,83112,51673],{"class":64},[46,83114,68],{"class":60},[46,83116,1034],{"class":64},[46,83118,68],{"class":60},[46,83120,83121],{"class":64}," 66",[46,83123,84],{"class":60},[46,83125,83126,83129,83131,83134,83136,83138],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83127,83128],{"class":52},"highest_score ",[46,83130,57],{"class":56},[46,83132,83133],{"class":90}," max",[46,83135,94],{"class":60},[46,83137,633],{"class":102},[46,83139,215],{"class":60},[46,83141,83142],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,83143,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,83145,83146,83148,83150,83153],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,83147,91],{"class":90},[46,83149,94],{"class":60},[46,83151,83152],{"class":102},"highest_score",[46,83154,215],{"class":60},[20,83156,143],{},[37,83158,83160],{"className":39,"code":83159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"91\n",[15,83161,83162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83163,83164],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83165,83159],{"class":64},[20,83167,83168],{},"This works well for:",[172,83170,83171,83174,83177,83180],{},[175,83172,83173],{},"Scores",[175,83175,83176],{},"Prices",[175,83178,83179],{},"Ages",[175,83181,83182],{},"Counts",[20,83184,52243],{},[37,83186,83188],{"className":39,"code":83187,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83189,83190,83216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83191,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83205,83207,83209,83211,83214],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83193,659],{"class":52},[46,83195,57],{"class":56},[46,83197,61],{"class":60},[46,83199,666],{"class":64},[46,83201,68],{"class":60},[46,83203,83204],{"class":64}," 5.50",[46,83206,68],{"class":60},[46,83208,676],{"class":64},[46,83210,68],{"class":60},[46,83212,83213],{"class":64}," 29.00",[46,83215,84],{"class":60},[46,83217,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83219,91],{"class":90},[46,83221,94],{"class":60},[46,83223,82787],{"class":90},[46,83225,94],{"class":60},[46,83227,691],{"class":102},[46,83229,106],{"class":60},[20,83231,143],{},[37,83233,83235],{"className":39,"code":83234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"29.0\n",[15,83236,83237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83238,83239],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83240,83234],{"class":64},[20,83242,83243,83244,83246,83247,507],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83245,1829],{}," is simpler than ",[501,83248,83249],{"href":869},[15,83250,872],{},[32,83252,578,83254,83256],{"id":83253},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83255,1829],{}," with separate values",[20,83258,83259],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[37,83261,83263],{"className":39,"code":83262,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83264,83265],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83266,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83268,91],{"class":90},[46,83270,94],{"class":60},[46,83272,82787],{"class":90},[46,83274,94],{"class":60},[46,83276,2691],{"class":64},[46,83278,68],{"class":60},[46,83280,317],{"class":64},[46,83282,68],{"class":60},[46,83284,6165],{"class":64},[46,83286,106],{"class":60},[20,83288,143],{},[37,83290,83291],{"className":39,"code":2411,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,83292,83293],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83294,83295],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83296,2411],{"class":64},[20,83298,83299],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83301,83302],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[37,83304,83306],{"className":39,"code":83305,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83307,83308,83317,83325,83335,83339,83362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83309,83310,83312,83314],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83311,2741],{"class":52},[46,83313,57],{"class":56},[46,83315,83316],{"class":64}," 15\n",[46,83318,83319,83321,83323],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83320,2769],{"class":52},[46,83322,57],{"class":56},[46,83324,2956],{"class":64},[46,83326,83327,83330,83332],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,83328,83329],{"class":52},"c ",[46,83331,57],{"class":56},[46,83333,83334],{"class":64}," 27\n",[46,83336,83337],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,83338,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,83340,83341,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354,83356,83358,83360],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,83342,83343],{"class":52},"largest ",[46,83345,57],{"class":56},[46,83347,83133],{"class":90},[46,83349,94],{"class":60},[46,83351,501],{"class":102},[46,83353,68],{"class":60},[46,83355,2746],{"class":102},[46,83357,68],{"class":60},[46,83359,9850],{"class":102},[46,83361,215],{"class":60},[46,83363,83364,83366,83368,83371],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,83365,91],{"class":90},[46,83367,94],{"class":60},[46,83369,83370],{"class":102},"largest",[46,83372,215],{"class":60},[20,83374,143],{},[37,83376,83377],{"className":39,"code":46777,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,83378,83379],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83380,83381],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83382,46777],{"class":64},[20,83384,83385],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[32,83387,578,83389,725],{"id":83388},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83390,1829],{},[20,83392,83393,83395],{},[15,83394,1829],{}," can compare strings too.",[37,83397,83399],{"className":39,"code":83398,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83400,83401,83433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83402,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83404,419],{"class":52},[46,83406,57],{"class":56},[46,83408,61],{"class":60},[46,83410,427],{"class":426},[46,83412,756],{"class":430},[46,83414,427],{"class":426},[46,83416,68],{"class":60},[46,83418,438],{"class":426},[46,83420,450],{"class":430},[46,83422,427],{"class":426},[46,83424,68],{"class":60},[46,83426,438],{"class":426},[46,83428,431],{"class":430},[46,83430,427],{"class":426},[46,83432,84],{"class":60},[46,83434,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83436,91],{"class":90},[46,83438,94],{"class":60},[46,83440,82787],{"class":90},[46,83442,94],{"class":60},[46,83444,467],{"class":102},[46,83446,106],{"class":60},[20,83448,143],{},[37,83450,83451],{"className":39,"code":82893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,83452,83453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83454,83455],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83456,82893],{"class":52},[20,83458,83459],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83461,68443],{},[172,83463,83464,83473,83476],{},[175,83465,83466,83469,83470,83472],{},[15,83467,83468],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83471,65435],{}," alphabetically",[175,83474,83475],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[175,83477,83478],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83480,2393],{},[37,83482,83484],{"className":39,"code":83483,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83485,83486,83519],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83487,83488,83490,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502,83504,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83489,419],{"class":52},[46,83491,57],{"class":56},[46,83493,61],{"class":60},[46,83495,427],{"class":426},[46,83497,756],{"class":430},[46,83499,427],{"class":426},[46,83501,68],{"class":60},[46,83503,438],{"class":426},[46,83505,83506],{"class":430},"Banana",[46,83508,427],{"class":426},[46,83510,68],{"class":60},[46,83512,438],{"class":426},[46,83514,431],{"class":430},[46,83516,427],{"class":426},[46,83518,84],{"class":60},[46,83520,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83522,91],{"class":90},[46,83524,94],{"class":60},[46,83526,82787],{"class":90},[46,83528,94],{"class":60},[46,83530,467],{"class":102},[46,83532,106],{"class":60},[20,83534,83535],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83537,83538,83539,83541],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83540,408],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[32,83543,36782,83544,36785],{"id":78854},[15,83545,408],{},[20,83547,882,83548,83550],{},[15,83549,408],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83552,83553],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[283,83555,83557],{"id":83556},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[37,83559,83561],{"className":39,"code":83560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83562,83563,83595],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83564,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585,83587,83589,83591,83593],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83566,419],{"class":52},[46,83568,57],{"class":56},[46,83570,61],{"class":60},[46,83572,427],{"class":426},[46,83574,934],{"class":430},[46,83576,427],{"class":426},[46,83578,68],{"class":60},[46,83580,438],{"class":426},[46,83582,925],{"class":430},[46,83584,427],{"class":426},[46,83586,68],{"class":60},[46,83588,438],{"class":426},[46,83590,58288],{"class":430},[46,83592,427],{"class":426},[46,83594,84],{"class":60},[46,83596,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613,83615],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83598,91],{"class":90},[46,83600,94],{"class":60},[46,83602,82787],{"class":90},[46,83604,94],{"class":60},[46,83606,467],{"class":102},[46,83608,68],{"class":60},[46,83610,255],{"class":254},[46,83612,57],{"class":56},[46,83614,476],{"class":90},[46,83616,106],{"class":60},[20,83618,143],{},[37,83620,83622],{"className":39,"code":83621,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"elephant\n",[15,83623,83624],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83625,83626],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83627,83621],{"class":52},[20,83629,20938,83630,83632],{},[15,83631,2043],{}," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83634,83635,83636,33797,83638,507],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83637,498],{},[501,83639,83640,873],{"href":503},[15,83641,498],{},[283,83643,83645],{"id":83644},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[37,83647,83649],{"className":39,"code":83648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83650,83651,83683],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83652,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83654,419],{"class":52},[46,83656,57],{"class":56},[46,83658,61],{"class":60},[46,83660,427],{"class":426},[46,83662,756],{"class":430},[46,83664,427],{"class":426},[46,83666,68],{"class":60},[46,83668,438],{"class":426},[46,83670,83506],{"class":430},[46,83672,427],{"class":426},[46,83674,68],{"class":60},[46,83676,438],{"class":426},[46,83678,431],{"class":430},[46,83680,427],{"class":426},[46,83682,84],{"class":60},[46,83684,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693,83695,83697,83699,83701,83703,83705,83707],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83686,91],{"class":90},[46,83688,94],{"class":60},[46,83690,82787],{"class":90},[46,83692,94],{"class":60},[46,83694,467],{"class":102},[46,83696,68],{"class":60},[46,83698,255],{"class":254},[46,83700,57],{"class":56},[46,83702,1769],{"class":1270},[46,83704,507],{"class":60},[46,83706,1775],{"class":1774},[46,83708,106],{"class":60},[20,83710,143],{},[37,83712,83713],{"className":39,"code":82893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,83714,83715],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83716,83717],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83718,82893],{"class":52},[20,83720,20938,83721,83723],{},[15,83722,78850],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[283,83725,83727],{"id":83726},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83729,83730,83731,198],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83732,1141],{},[37,83734,83736],{"className":39,"code":83735,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83737,83738,83781],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83739,83740,83742,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83759,83761,83763,83765,83768,83770,83772,83774,83777,83779],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83741,1398],{"class":52},[46,83743,57],{"class":56},[46,83745,61],{"class":60},[46,83747,427],{"class":426},[46,83749,501],{"class":430},[46,83751,427],{"class":426},[46,83753,68],{"class":60},[46,83755,438],{"class":426},[46,83757,83758],{"class":430},"bb",[46,83760,427],{"class":426},[46,83762,68],{"class":60},[46,83764,438],{"class":426},[46,83766,83767],{"class":430},"cccc",[46,83769,427],{"class":426},[46,83771,68],{"class":60},[46,83773,438],{"class":426},[46,83775,83776],{"class":430},"ddd",[46,83778,427],{"class":426},[46,83780,84],{"class":60},[46,83782,83783,83785,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803,83805,83807,83809,83811],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83784,91],{"class":90},[46,83786,94],{"class":60},[46,83788,82787],{"class":90},[46,83790,94],{"class":60},[46,83792,1415],{"class":102},[46,83794,68],{"class":60},[46,83796,255],{"class":254},[46,83798,57],{"class":56},[46,83800,1141],{"class":1140},[46,83802,43005],{"class":1144},[46,83804,198],{"class":60},[46,83806,38551],{"class":90},[46,83808,94],{"class":60},[46,83810,34877],{"class":102},[46,83812,3099],{"class":60},[20,83814,143],{},[37,83816,83818],{"className":39,"code":83817,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cccc\n",[15,83819,83820],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83821,83822],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83823,83817],{"class":52},[20,83825,49713,83826,2051,83828,83830],{},[15,83827,2043],{},[15,83829,78737],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[32,83832,36782,83834,36785],{"id":83833},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83835,518],{},[20,83837,882,83838,83840],{},[15,83839,518],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83842,83843],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[37,83845,83847],{"className":39,"code":83846,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83848,83849,83857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83850,83851,83853,83855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83852,53],{"class":52},[46,83854,57],{"class":56},[46,83856,533],{"class":60},[46,83858,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871,83873,83875,83877],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83860,91],{"class":90},[46,83862,94],{"class":60},[46,83864,82787],{"class":90},[46,83866,94],{"class":60},[46,83868,103],{"class":102},[46,83870,68],{"class":60},[46,83872,275],{"class":254},[46,83874,57],{"class":56},[46,83876,554],{"class":64},[46,83878,106],{"class":60},[20,83880,143],{},[37,83882,83883],{"className":39,"code":561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,83884,83885],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83886,83887],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83888,561],{"class":64},[20,83890,83891],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83893,83894,83895,83897],{},"Without ",[15,83896,518],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83899,52243],{},[37,83901,83903],{"className":39,"code":83902,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83904,83905,83913,83940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83906,83907,83909,83911],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83908,419],{"class":52},[46,83910,57],{"class":56},[46,83912,533],{"class":60},[46,83914,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931,83933,83936,83938],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,83916,2416],{"class":52},[46,83918,57],{"class":56},[46,83920,83133],{"class":90},[46,83922,94],{"class":60},[46,83924,467],{"class":102},[46,83926,68],{"class":60},[46,83928,275],{"class":254},[46,83930,57],{"class":56},[46,83932,427],{"class":426},[46,83934,83935],{"class":430},"no words found",[46,83937,427],{"class":426},[46,83939,215],{"class":60},[46,83941,83942,83944,83946,83948],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,83943,91],{"class":90},[46,83945,94],{"class":60},[46,83947,2451],{"class":102},[46,83949,215],{"class":60},[20,83951,143],{},[37,83953,83955],{"className":39,"code":83954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"no words found\n",[15,83956,83957],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,83958,83959],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,83960,83954],{"class":52},[20,83962,83963],{},"Important:",[172,83965,83966,83974],{},[175,83967,83968,83970,83971],{},[15,83969,518],{}," works with ",[15,83972,83973],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[175,83975,41070,83976,83978,83979],{},[3924,83977,4805],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83980,83981],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[32,83983,48149],{"id":48148},[20,83985,83986,83987,507],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83988,1829],{},[283,83990,83992,83994],{"id":83991},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83993,573],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83996,83997,83998,46073,84000,507],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83999,518],{},[15,84001,573],{},[37,84003,84005],{"className":39,"code":84004,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,84006,84007,84015],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84008,84009,84011,84013],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84010,53],{"class":52},[46,84012,57],{"class":56},[46,84014,533],{"class":60},[46,84016,84017,84019,84021,84023,84025,84027],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84018,91],{"class":90},[46,84020,94],{"class":60},[46,84022,82787],{"class":90},[46,84024,94],{"class":60},[46,84026,103],{"class":102},[46,84028,106],{"class":60},[20,84030,29848],{},[37,84032,84034],{"className":39,"code":84033,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84035,84036],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84037,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84039,573],{"class":1270},[46,84041,198],{"class":60},[46,84043,83133],{"class":90},[46,84045,1277],{"class":60},[46,84047,1280],{"class":52},[46,84049,1283],{"class":56},[46,84051,1286],{"class":52},[20,84053,84054,84055,198],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84056,518],{},[37,84058,84060],{"className":39,"code":84059,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84061,84062,84070],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84063,84064,84066,84068],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84065,53],{"class":52},[46,84067,57],{"class":56},[46,84069,533],{"class":60},[46,84071,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088,84090],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84073,91],{"class":90},[46,84075,94],{"class":60},[46,84077,82787],{"class":90},[46,84079,94],{"class":60},[46,84081,103],{"class":102},[46,84083,68],{"class":60},[46,84085,275],{"class":254},[46,84087,57],{"class":56},[46,84089,1326],{"class":1325},[46,84091,106],{"class":60},[20,84093,84094,84095,507],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[501,84096,1368],{"href":1367},[283,84098,84100,84102],{"id":84099},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84101,1638],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84104,84105,84106,507],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84107,1638],{},[37,84109,84111],{"className":39,"code":84110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84112,84113,84137],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84114,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84116,1398],{"class":52},[46,84118,57],{"class":56},[46,84120,61],{"class":60},[46,84122,1494],{"class":64},[46,84124,68],{"class":60},[46,84126,438],{"class":426},[46,84128,1501],{"class":430},[46,84130,427],{"class":426},[46,84132,68],{"class":60},[46,84134,7967],{"class":64},[46,84136,84],{"class":60},[46,84138,84139,84141,84143,84145,84147,84149],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84140,91],{"class":90},[46,84142,94],{"class":60},[46,84144,82787],{"class":90},[46,84146,94],{"class":60},[46,84148,1415],{"class":102},[46,84150,106],{"class":60},[20,84152,84153],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84155,84156],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[37,84158,84160],{"className":39,"code":84159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84161,84162,84182],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84163,84164,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84165,1398],{"class":52},[46,84167,57],{"class":56},[46,84169,61],{"class":60},[46,84171,1494],{"class":64},[46,84173,68],{"class":60},[46,84175,7962],{"class":64},[46,84177,68],{"class":60},[46,84179,7967],{"class":64},[46,84181,84],{"class":60},[46,84183,84184,84186,84188,84190,84192,84194],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84185,91],{"class":90},[46,84187,94],{"class":60},[46,84189,82787],{"class":90},[46,84191,94],{"class":60},[46,84193,1415],{"class":102},[46,84195,106],{"class":60},[20,84197,84198,84199,507],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[501,84200,84202],{"href":84201},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[283,84204,84206,84208],{"id":84205},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84207,1638],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84210,84211,84213],{},[15,84212,1829],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[37,84215,84217],{"className":39,"code":84216,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(max())\n",[15,84218,84219],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84220,84221,84223,84225,84227],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84222,91],{"class":90},[46,84224,94],{"class":60},[46,84226,82787],{"class":90},[46,84228,7367],{"class":60},[20,84230,1386,84231,507],{},[15,84232,1638],{},[32,84234,84236,10755,84238],{"id":84235},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84237,1829],{},[15,84239,872],{},[20,84241,84242],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84244,84245,198],{},[15,84246,1829],{},[172,84248,84249],{},[175,84250,84251],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84253,84254,198],{},[15,84255,872],{},[172,84257,84258],{},[175,84259,84260],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84262,2393],{},[37,84264,84266],{"className":39,"code":84265,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84267,84268,84292,84296,84310],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84269,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84271,53],{"class":52},[46,84273,57],{"class":56},[46,84275,61],{"class":60},[46,84277,2249],{"class":64},[46,84279,68],{"class":60},[46,84281,6532],{"class":64},[46,84283,68],{"class":60},[46,84285,71],{"class":64},[46,84287,68],{"class":60},[46,84289,1508],{"class":64},[46,84291,84],{"class":60},[46,84293,84294],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84295,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,84297,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,84299,91],{"class":90},[46,84301,94],{"class":60},[46,84303,82787],{"class":90},[46,84305,94],{"class":60},[46,84307,103],{"class":102},[46,84309,106],{"class":60},[46,84311,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,84313,91],{"class":90},[46,84315,94],{"class":60},[46,84317,74669],{"class":90},[46,84319,94],{"class":60},[46,84321,103],{"class":102},[46,84323,106],{"class":60},[20,84325,143],{},[37,84327,84329],{"className":39,"code":84328,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84330,84331,84335],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84332,84333],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84334,2567],{"class":64},[46,84336,84337,84339,84341,84343,84345,84347,84349,84351,84353],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84338,1152],{"class":60},[46,84340,2243],{"class":64},[46,84342,68],{"class":60},[46,84344,312],{"class":64},[46,84346,68],{"class":60},[46,84348,1508],{"class":64},[46,84350,68],{"class":60},[46,84352,6532],{"class":64},[46,84354,84],{"class":60},[20,84356,160,84357,84359],{},[15,84358,1829],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84361,160,84362,84366],{},[501,84363,84364],{"href":869},[15,84365,872],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84368,84369,84370,507],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[501,84371,84373],{"href":84372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84374,17],{},[32,84376,1834],{"id":1833},[20,84378,1837],{},[172,84380,84381,84388,84391,84396,84399],{},[175,84382,29817,84383,84385,84386],{},[15,84384,1829],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84387,518],{},[175,84389,84390],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[175,84392,1853,84393,84395],{},[15,84394,1829],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[175,84397,84398],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[175,84400,578,84401,84403],{},[15,84402,518],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84405,11281],{},[37,84407,84409],{"className":39,"code":84408,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84410,84411,84421,84435,84449,84463,84485],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84412,84413,84415,84417,84419],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84414,91],{"class":90},[46,84416,94],{"class":60},[46,84418,1415],{"class":102},[46,84420,215],{"class":60},[46,84422,84423,84425,84427,84429,84431,84433],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84424,91],{"class":90},[46,84426,94],{"class":60},[46,84428,1889],{"class":1270},[46,84430,94],{"class":60},[46,84432,1415],{"class":102},[46,84434,106],{"class":60},[46,84436,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,84438,91],{"class":90},[46,84440,94],{"class":60},[46,84442,476],{"class":90},[46,84444,94],{"class":60},[46,84446,1415],{"class":102},[46,84448,106],{"class":60},[46,84450,84451,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,84452,91],{"class":90},[46,84454,94],{"class":60},[46,84456,82787],{"class":90},[46,84458,94],{"class":60},[46,84460,1415],{"class":102},[46,84462,106],{"class":60},[46,84464,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473,84475,84477,84479,84481,84483],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,84466,91],{"class":90},[46,84468,94],{"class":60},[46,84470,82787],{"class":90},[46,84472,94],{"class":60},[46,84474,1415],{"class":102},[46,84476,68],{"class":60},[46,84478,275],{"class":254},[46,84480,57],{"class":56},[46,84482,1326],{"class":1325},[46,84484,106],{"class":60},[46,84486,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,84488,91],{"class":90},[46,84490,3172],{"class":60},[46,84492,1889],{"class":1270},[46,84494,94],{"class":60},[46,84496,1589],{"class":102},[46,84498,1592],{"class":60},[46,84500,1596],{"class":1595},[46,84502,1599],{"class":102},[46,84504,1602],{"class":1595},[46,84506,6137],{"class":102},[46,84508,1161],{"class":60},[20,84510,84511],{},"These are useful for checking:",[172,84513,84514,84519,84524,84527],{},[175,84515,84516,84517],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84518,1415],{},[175,84520,79900,84521,84523],{},[15,84522,1415],{}," is a list or some other type",[175,84525,84526],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[175,84528,84529],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84531,69506,84532,84535,84536,84538],{},[15,84533,84534],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84537,1415],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[32,84540,1991],{"id":1990},[283,84542,1995,84544,1998],{"id":84543},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84545,1829],{},[20,84547,84548],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[283,84550,2005,84552,2008],{"id":84551},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84553,1829],{},[20,84555,84556],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[283,84558,2015],{"id":2014},[20,84560,84561,2020,84563,2023,84565,84567],{},[15,84562,1829],{},[15,84564,573],{},[15,84566,518],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[283,84569,84571,84572,2035],{"id":84570},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84573,1829],{},[20,84575,160,84576,198],{},[15,84577,2043],{},[37,84579,84580],{"className":39,"code":83560,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,84581,84582,84614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,84583,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,84585,419],{"class":52},[46,84587,57],{"class":56},[46,84589,61],{"class":60},[46,84591,427],{"class":426},[46,84593,934],{"class":430},[46,84595,427],{"class":426},[46,84597,68],{"class":60},[46,84599,438],{"class":426},[46,84601,925],{"class":430},[46,84603,427],{"class":426},[46,84605,68],{"class":60},[46,84607,438],{"class":426},[46,84609,58288],{"class":430},[46,84611,427],{"class":426},[46,84613,84],{"class":60},[46,84615,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630,84632,84634],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,84617,91],{"class":90},[46,84619,94],{"class":60},[46,84621,82787],{"class":90},[46,84623,94],{"class":60},[46,84625,467],{"class":102},[46,84627,68],{"class":60},[46,84629,255],{"class":254},[46,84631,57],{"class":56},[46,84633,476],{"class":90},[46,84635,106],{"class":60},[283,84637,2048,84639,2051,84641,2035],{"id":84638},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84640,1829],{},[15,84642,872],{},[20,84644,84645,84647,84648,84650],{},[15,84646,1829],{}," returns one largest item. 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":84689},[84690,84691,84693,84694,84696,84698,84700,84705,84707,84715,84717,84718,84729],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":82918,"depth":87,"text":84692},"What max() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":83086,"depth":87,"text":84695},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83253,"depth":87,"text":84697},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83388,"depth":87,"text":84699},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78854,"depth":87,"text":80048,"children":84701},[84702,84703,84704],{"id":83556,"depth":109,"text":83557},{"id":83644,"depth":109,"text":83645},{"id":83726,"depth":109,"text":83727},{"id":83833,"depth":87,"text":84706},"Using the default 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open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86525,"toc":88667},[86526,86529,86535,86541,86543,86624,86633,86637,86642,86644,86689,86691,86771,86777,86779,86782,86814,86816,86834,86836,86909,86911,86930,86934,86937,86973,86975,87042,87116,87189,87194,87198,87204,87207,87224,87227,87229,87290,87292,87312,87318,87322,87325,87395,87398,87417,87422,87498,87501,87505,87511,87515,87520,87590,87594,87599,87673,87677,87680,87755,87766,87770,87775,87865,87870,87938,87941,87960,87971,87975,87978,87983,87986,88048,88051,88062,88067,88070,88073,88078,88081,88084,88088,88091,88097,88100,88111,88113,88175,88190,88196,88199,88202,88213,88224,88230,88233,88235,88297,88307,88313,88318,88324,88328,88334,88337,88358,88360,88365,88392,88395,88422,88425,88464,88467,88505,88508,88569,88572,88574,88578,88581,88585,88591,88599,88607,88611,88614,88618,88624,88626,88664],[10,86527,86523],{"id":86528},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86530,86531,86534],{},[15,86532,86533],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86536,86537,86538,86540],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86539,86533],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[32,86542,35],{"id":34},[37,86544,86546],{"className":39,"code":86545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86547,86548,86597,86613],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,86549,86550,86553,86556,86558,86560,86563,86565,86567,86569,86571,86573,86575,86578,86580,86582,86585,86587,86589,86591,86595],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,86551,86552],{"class":1595},"with",[46,86554,86555],{"class":90}," open",[46,86557,94],{"class":60},[46,86559,427],{"class":426},[46,86561,86562],{"class":430},"example.txt",[46,86564,427],{"class":426},[46,86566,68],{"class":60},[46,86568,438],{"class":426},[46,86570,60665],{"class":430},[46,86572,427],{"class":426},[46,86574,68],{"class":60},[46,86576,86577],{"class":254}," encoding",[46,86579,57],{"class":56},[46,86581,427],{"class":426},[46,86583,86584],{"class":430},"utf-8",[46,86586,427],{"class":426},[46,86588,1592],{"class":60},[46,86590,47520],{"class":1595},[46,86592,86594],{"class":86593},"sMMDD"," file",[46,86596,6566],{"class":60},[46,86598,86599,86602,86604,86606,86608,86611],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,86600,86601],{"class":52},"    content ",[46,86603,57],{"class":56},[46,86605,86594],{"class":86593},[46,86607,507],{"class":60},[46,86609,86610],{"class":102},"read",[46,86612,8814],{"class":60},[46,86614,86615,86617,86619,86622],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,86616,8240],{"class":90},[46,86618,94],{"class":60},[46,86620,86621],{"class":102},"content",[46,86623,215],{"class":60},[20,86625,160,86626,86628,86629,86632],{},[15,86627,86552],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86630,86631],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[32,86634,86636],{"id":86635},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86638,86639,86641],{},[15,86640,86533],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86643,888],{},[172,86645,86646,86649,86654,86659],{},[175,86647,86648],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[175,86650,41070,86651,86653],{},[3924,86652,4805],{}," read or write anything by itself",[175,86655,17588,86656],{},[3924,86657,86658],{},"file object",[175,86660,86661,86662],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[172,86663,86664,86669,86674,86679,86684],{},[175,86665,86666],{},[15,86667,86668],{},"read()",[175,86670,86671],{},[15,86672,86673],{},"readline()",[175,86675,86676],{},[15,86677,86678],{},"readlines()",[175,86680,86681],{},[15,86682,86683],{},"write()",[175,86685,86686],{},[15,86687,86688],{},"close()",[20,86690,2393],{},[37,86692,86694],{"className":39,"code":86693,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86695,86696,86735,86750,86760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,86697,86698,86701,86703,86705,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,86699,86700],{"class":86593},"file",[46,86702,13444],{"class":56},[46,86704,86555],{"class":90},[46,86706,94],{"class":60},[46,86708,427],{"class":426},[46,86710,86562],{"class":430},[46,86712,427],{"class":426},[46,86714,68],{"class":60},[46,86716,438],{"class":426},[46,86718,60665],{"class":430},[46,86720,427],{"class":426},[46,86722,68],{"class":60},[46,86724,86577],{"class":254},[46,86726,57],{"class":56},[46,86728,427],{"class":426},[46,86730,86584],{"class":430},[46,86732,427],{"class":426},[46,86734,215],{"class":60},[46,86736,86737,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,86738,86739],{"class":52},"content ",[46,86741,57],{"class":56},[46,86743,86594],{"class":86593},[46,86745,507],{"class":60},[46,86747,86610],{"class":102},[46,86749,8814],{"class":60},[46,86751,86752,86754,86756,86758],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,86753,91],{"class":90},[46,86755,94],{"class":60},[46,86757,86621],{"class":102},[46,86759,215],{"class":60},[46,86761,86762,86764,86766,86769],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,86763,86700],{"class":86593},[46,86765,507],{"class":60},[46,86767,86768],{"class":102},"close",[46,86770,8814],{"class":60},[20,86772,86773,86774,86776],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86775,86552],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[32,86778,2343],{"id":2342},[20,86780,86781],{},"A common form is:",[37,86783,86785],{"className":39,"code":86784,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86786,86787],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,86788,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86800,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,86790,42590],{"class":90},[46,86792,94],{"class":60},[46,86794,86700],{"class":86593},[46,86796,68],{"class":60},[46,86798,86799],{"class":102}," mode",[46,86801,68],{"class":60},[46,86803,86577],{"class":254},[46,86805,57],{"class":56},[46,86807,427],{"class":426},[46,86809,86584],{"class":430},[46,86811,427],{"class":426},[46,86813,215],{"class":60},[20,86815,65206],{},[172,86817,86818,86823,86828],{},[175,86819,86820,86822],{},[15,86821,86700],{}," is the file name or file path",[175,86824,86825,86827],{},[15,86826,21086],{}," controls how the file is opened",[175,86829,86830,86833],{},[15,86831,86832],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86835,2393],{},[37,86837,86839],{"className":39,"code":86838,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86840,86841,86884,86899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,86842,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86854,86856,86858,86860,86862,86864,86866,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,86844,86552],{"class":1595},[46,86846,86555],{"class":90},[46,86848,94],{"class":60},[46,86850,427],{"class":426},[46,86852,86853],{"class":430},"notes.txt",[46,86855,427],{"class":426},[46,86857,68],{"class":60},[46,86859,438],{"class":426},[46,86861,60665],{"class":430},[46,86863,427],{"class":426},[46,86865,68],{"class":60},[46,86867,86577],{"class":254},[46,86869,57],{"class":56},[46,86871,427],{"class":426},[46,86873,86584],{"class":430},[46,86875,427],{"class":426},[46,86877,1592],{"class":60},[46,86879,47520],{"class":1595},[46,86881,86594],{"class":86593},[46,86883,6566],{"class":60},[46,86885,86886,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,86887,86888],{"class":52},"    text ",[46,86890,57],{"class":56},[46,86892,86594],{"class":86593},[46,86894,507],{"class":60},[46,86896,86610],{"class":102},[46,86898,8814],{"class":60},[46,86900,86901,86903,86905,86907],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,86902,8240],{"class":90},[46,86904,94],{"class":60},[46,86906,34877],{"class":102},[46,86908,215],{"class":60},[20,86910,20124],{},[172,86912,86913,86919,86924],{},[175,86914,86915,86918],{},[15,86916,86917],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[175,86920,86921,86923],{},[15,86922,86631],{}," means open for reading",[175,86925,86926,86929],{},[15,86927,86928],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[32,86931,86933],{"id":86932},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86935,86936],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[172,86938,86939,86944,86950,86955,86961,86967],{},[175,86940,86941,86943],{},[15,86942,86631],{}," = read a text file",[175,86945,86946,86949],{},[15,86947,86948],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[175,86951,86952,86954],{},[15,86953,18263],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[175,86956,86957,86960],{},[15,86958,86959],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[175,86962,86963,86966],{},[15,86964,86965],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[175,86968,86969,86972],{},[15,86970,86971],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86974,2311],{},[37,86976,86978],{"className":39,"code":86977,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86979,86980,86985,87028],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,86981,86982],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,86983,86984],{"class":3845},"# Read a text file\n",[46,86986,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,86988,86552],{"class":1595},[46,86990,86555],{"class":90},[46,86992,94],{"class":60},[46,86994,427],{"class":426},[46,86996,86997],{"class":430},"data.txt",[46,86999,427],{"class":426},[46,87001,68],{"class":60},[46,87003,438],{"class":426},[46,87005,60665],{"class":430},[46,87007,427],{"class":426},[46,87009,68],{"class":60},[46,87011,86577],{"class":254},[46,87013,57],{"class":56},[46,87015,427],{"class":426},[46,87017,86584],{"class":430},[46,87019,427],{"class":426},[46,87021,1592],{"class":60},[46,87023,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87025,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87027,6566],{"class":60},[46,87029,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87031,8240],{"class":90},[46,87033,94],{"class":60},[46,87035,86700],{"class":86593},[46,87037,507],{"class":60},[46,87039,86610],{"class":102},[46,87041,7367],{"class":60},[37,87043,87045],{"className":39,"code":87044,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87046,87047,87052,87094],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87048,87049],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87050,87051],{"class":3845},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[46,87053,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87055,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87057,86555],{"class":90},[46,87059,94],{"class":60},[46,87061,427],{"class":426},[46,87063,86997],{"class":430},[46,87065,427],{"class":426},[46,87067,68],{"class":60},[46,87069,438],{"class":426},[46,87071,60648],{"class":430},[46,87073,427],{"class":426},[46,87075,68],{"class":60},[46,87077,86577],{"class":254},[46,87079,57],{"class":56},[46,87081,427],{"class":426},[46,87083,86584],{"class":430},[46,87085,427],{"class":426},[46,87087,1592],{"class":60},[46,87089,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87091,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87093,6566],{"class":60},[46,87095,87096,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87112,87114],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87097,87098],{"class":86593},"    file",[46,87100,507],{"class":60},[46,87102,70354],{"class":102},[46,87104,94],{"class":60},[46,87106,427],{"class":426},[46,87108,35036],{"class":430},[46,87110,87111],{"class":34622},"\\n",[46,87113,427],{"class":426},[46,87115,215],{"class":60},[37,87117,87119],{"className":39,"code":87118,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87120,87121,87126,87168],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87122,87123],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87124,87125],{"class":3845},"# Append to a text file\n",[46,87127,87128,87130,87132,87134,87136,87138,87140,87142,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87129,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87131,86555],{"class":90},[46,87133,94],{"class":60},[46,87135,427],{"class":426},[46,87137,86997],{"class":430},[46,87139,427],{"class":426},[46,87141,68],{"class":60},[46,87143,438],{"class":426},[46,87145,501],{"class":430},[46,87147,427],{"class":426},[46,87149,68],{"class":60},[46,87151,86577],{"class":254},[46,87153,57],{"class":56},[46,87155,427],{"class":426},[46,87157,86584],{"class":430},[46,87159,427],{"class":426},[46,87161,1592],{"class":60},[46,87163,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87165,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87167,6566],{"class":60},[46,87169,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87183,87185,87187],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87171,87098],{"class":86593},[46,87173,507],{"class":60},[46,87175,70354],{"class":102},[46,87177,94],{"class":60},[46,87179,427],{"class":426},[46,87181,87182],{"class":430},"Another line",[46,87184,87111],{"class":34622},[46,87186,427],{"class":426},[46,87188,215],{"class":60},[20,87190,69506,87191,87193],{},[15,87192,86948],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[32,87195,87197],{"id":87196},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87199,87200,22142,87202,507],{},[15,87201,86533],{},[3924,87203,86658],{},[20,87205,87206],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[172,87208,87209,87214,87219],{},[175,87210,87211],{},[15,87212,87213],{},"file.read()",[175,87215,87216],{},[15,87217,87218],{},"file.write()",[175,87220,87221],{},[15,87222,87223],{},"file.close()",[20,87225,87226],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87228,2393],{},[37,87230,87232],{"className":39,"code":87231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87233,87234,87276],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87235,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87237,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87239,86555],{"class":90},[46,87241,94],{"class":60},[46,87243,427],{"class":426},[46,87245,86562],{"class":430},[46,87247,427],{"class":426},[46,87249,68],{"class":60},[46,87251,438],{"class":426},[46,87253,60665],{"class":430},[46,87255,427],{"class":426},[46,87257,68],{"class":60},[46,87259,86577],{"class":254},[46,87261,57],{"class":56},[46,87263,427],{"class":426},[46,87265,86584],{"class":430},[46,87267,427],{"class":426},[46,87269,1592],{"class":60},[46,87271,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87273,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87275,6566],{"class":60},[46,87277,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87279,8240],{"class":90},[46,87281,94],{"class":60},[46,87283,1889],{"class":1270},[46,87285,94],{"class":60},[46,87287,86700],{"class":86593},[46,87289,106],{"class":60},[20,87291,30197],{},[37,87293,87295],{"className":39,"code":87294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87296,87297],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87298,87299,87301,87303,87305,87308,87310],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87300,3476],{"class":56},[46,87302,3479],{"class":1140},[46,87304,1197],{"class":426},[46,87306,87307],{"class":430},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[46,87309,1188],{"class":426},[46,87311,3488],{"class":56},[20,87313,87314,87315,87317],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87316,86533],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[32,87319,87321],{"id":87320},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87323,87324],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[37,87326,87327],{"className":39,"code":86545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,87328,87329,87371,87385],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87330,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87332,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87334,86555],{"class":90},[46,87336,94],{"class":60},[46,87338,427],{"class":426},[46,87340,86562],{"class":430},[46,87342,427],{"class":426},[46,87344,68],{"class":60},[46,87346,438],{"class":426},[46,87348,60665],{"class":430},[46,87350,427],{"class":426},[46,87352,68],{"class":60},[46,87354,86577],{"class":254},[46,87356,57],{"class":56},[46,87358,427],{"class":426},[46,87360,86584],{"class":430},[46,87362,427],{"class":426},[46,87364,1592],{"class":60},[46,87366,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87368,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87370,6566],{"class":60},[46,87372,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87374,86601],{"class":52},[46,87376,57],{"class":56},[46,87378,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87380,507],{"class":60},[46,87382,86610],{"class":102},[46,87384,8814],{"class":60},[46,87386,87387,87389,87391,87393],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87388,8240],{"class":90},[46,87390,94],{"class":60},[46,87392,86621],{"class":102},[46,87394,215],{"class":60},[20,87396,87397],{},"Why this is recommended:",[172,87399,87400,87405,87411,87414],{},[175,87401,87402,87404],{},[15,87403,86552],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[175,87406,87407,87408,87410],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87409,86688],{}," yourself",[175,87412,87413],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[175,87415,87416],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87418,83894,87419,87421],{},[15,87420,86552],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[37,87423,87424],{"className":39,"code":86693,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,87425,87426,87464,87478,87488],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87427,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87429,86700],{"class":86593},[46,87431,13444],{"class":56},[46,87433,86555],{"class":90},[46,87435,94],{"class":60},[46,87437,427],{"class":426},[46,87439,86562],{"class":430},[46,87441,427],{"class":426},[46,87443,68],{"class":60},[46,87445,438],{"class":426},[46,87447,60665],{"class":430},[46,87449,427],{"class":426},[46,87451,68],{"class":60},[46,87453,86577],{"class":254},[46,87455,57],{"class":56},[46,87457,427],{"class":426},[46,87459,86584],{"class":430},[46,87461,427],{"class":426},[46,87463,215],{"class":60},[46,87465,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87467,86739],{"class":52},[46,87469,57],{"class":56},[46,87471,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87473,507],{"class":60},[46,87475,86610],{"class":102},[46,87477,8814],{"class":60},[46,87479,87480,87482,87484,87486],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87481,91],{"class":90},[46,87483,94],{"class":60},[46,87485,86621],{"class":102},[46,87487,215],{"class":60},[46,87489,87490,87492,87494,87496],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,87491,86700],{"class":86593},[46,87493,507],{"class":60},[46,87495,86768],{"class":102},[46,87497,8814],{"class":60},[20,87499,87500],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[32,87502,87504],{"id":87503},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87506,87507,87508,87510],{},"Use mode ",[15,87509,86631],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[283,87512,87514],{"id":87513},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87516,87517,87519],{},[15,87518,86668],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[37,87521,87522],{"className":39,"code":86545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,87523,87524,87566,87580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87525,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87527,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87529,86555],{"class":90},[46,87531,94],{"class":60},[46,87533,427],{"class":426},[46,87535,86562],{"class":430},[46,87537,427],{"class":426},[46,87539,68],{"class":60},[46,87541,438],{"class":426},[46,87543,60665],{"class":430},[46,87545,427],{"class":426},[46,87547,68],{"class":60},[46,87549,86577],{"class":254},[46,87551,57],{"class":56},[46,87553,427],{"class":426},[46,87555,86584],{"class":430},[46,87557,427],{"class":426},[46,87559,1592],{"class":60},[46,87561,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87563,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87565,6566],{"class":60},[46,87567,87568,87570,87572,87574,87576,87578],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87569,86601],{"class":52},[46,87571,57],{"class":56},[46,87573,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87575,507],{"class":60},[46,87577,86610],{"class":102},[46,87579,8814],{"class":60},[46,87581,87582,87584,87586,87588],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87583,8240],{"class":90},[46,87585,94],{"class":60},[46,87587,86621],{"class":102},[46,87589,215],{"class":60},[283,87591,87593],{"id":87592},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87595,87596,87598],{},[15,87597,86673],{}," reads one line at a time.",[37,87600,87602],{"className":39,"code":87601,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87603,87604,87646,87662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87605,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632,87634,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87607,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87609,86555],{"class":90},[46,87611,94],{"class":60},[46,87613,427],{"class":426},[46,87615,86562],{"class":430},[46,87617,427],{"class":426},[46,87619,68],{"class":60},[46,87621,438],{"class":426},[46,87623,60665],{"class":430},[46,87625,427],{"class":426},[46,87627,68],{"class":60},[46,87629,86577],{"class":254},[46,87631,57],{"class":56},[46,87633,427],{"class":426},[46,87635,86584],{"class":430},[46,87637,427],{"class":426},[46,87639,1592],{"class":60},[46,87641,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87643,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87645,6566],{"class":60},[46,87647,87648,87651,87653,87655,87657,87660],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87649,87650],{"class":52},"    first_line ",[46,87652,57],{"class":56},[46,87654,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87656,507],{"class":60},[46,87658,87659],{"class":102},"readline",[46,87661,8814],{"class":60},[46,87663,87664,87666,87668,87671],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87665,8240],{"class":90},[46,87667,94],{"class":60},[46,87669,87670],{"class":102},"first_line",[46,87672,215],{"class":60},[283,87674,87676],{"id":87675},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87678,87679],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[37,87681,87683],{"className":39,"code":87682,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87684,87685,87727,87741],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87686,87687,87689,87691,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703,87705,87707,87709,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87688,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87690,86555],{"class":90},[46,87692,94],{"class":60},[46,87694,427],{"class":426},[46,87696,86562],{"class":430},[46,87698,427],{"class":426},[46,87700,68],{"class":60},[46,87702,438],{"class":426},[46,87704,60665],{"class":430},[46,87706,427],{"class":426},[46,87708,68],{"class":60},[46,87710,86577],{"class":254},[46,87712,57],{"class":56},[46,87714,427],{"class":426},[46,87716,86584],{"class":430},[46,87718,427],{"class":426},[46,87720,1592],{"class":60},[46,87722,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87724,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87726,6566],{"class":60},[46,87728,87729,87732,87735,87737,87739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87730,87731],{"class":1595},"    for",[46,87733,87734],{"class":52}," line ",[46,87736,1602],{"class":1595},[46,87738,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87740,6566],{"class":60},[46,87742,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87744,47500],{"class":90},[46,87746,94],{"class":60},[46,87748,48],{"class":102},[46,87750,507],{"class":60},[46,87752,8806],{"class":102},[46,87754,7367],{"class":60},[20,87756,87757,87758,3065,87762,507],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[501,87759,87761],{"href":87760},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[501,87763,87765],{"href":87764},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[32,87767,87769],{"id":87768},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87771,160,87772,87774],{},[15,87773,86948],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[37,87776,87778],{"className":39,"code":87777,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87779,87780,87823,87844],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87781,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87793,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87783,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87785,86555],{"class":90},[46,87787,94],{"class":60},[46,87789,427],{"class":426},[46,87791,87792],{"class":430},"output.txt",[46,87794,427],{"class":426},[46,87796,68],{"class":60},[46,87798,438],{"class":426},[46,87800,60648],{"class":430},[46,87802,427],{"class":426},[46,87804,68],{"class":60},[46,87806,86577],{"class":254},[46,87808,57],{"class":56},[46,87810,427],{"class":426},[46,87812,86584],{"class":430},[46,87814,427],{"class":426},[46,87816,1592],{"class":60},[46,87818,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87820,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87822,6566],{"class":60},[46,87824,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833,87835,87838,87840,87842],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87826,87098],{"class":86593},[46,87828,507],{"class":60},[46,87830,70354],{"class":102},[46,87832,94],{"class":60},[46,87834,427],{"class":426},[46,87836,87837],{"class":430},"First line",[46,87839,87111],{"class":34622},[46,87841,427],{"class":426},[46,87843,215],{"class":60},[46,87845,87846,87848,87850,87852,87854,87856,87859,87861,87863],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,87847,87098],{"class":86593},[46,87849,507],{"class":60},[46,87851,70354],{"class":102},[46,87853,94],{"class":60},[46,87855,427],{"class":426},[46,87857,87858],{"class":430},"Second line",[46,87860,87111],{"class":34622},[46,87862,427],{"class":426},[46,87864,215],{"class":60},[20,87866,160,87867,87869],{},[15,87868,18263],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[37,87871,87873],{"className":39,"code":87872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87874,87875,87917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87876,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87913,87915],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87878,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87880,86555],{"class":90},[46,87882,94],{"class":60},[46,87884,427],{"class":426},[46,87886,87792],{"class":430},[46,87888,427],{"class":426},[46,87890,68],{"class":60},[46,87892,438],{"class":426},[46,87894,501],{"class":430},[46,87896,427],{"class":426},[46,87898,68],{"class":60},[46,87900,86577],{"class":254},[46,87902,57],{"class":56},[46,87904,427],{"class":426},[46,87906,86584],{"class":430},[46,87908,427],{"class":426},[46,87910,1592],{"class":60},[46,87912,47520],{"class":1595},[46,87914,86594],{"class":86593},[46,87916,6566],{"class":60},[46,87918,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927,87929,87932,87934,87936],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,87920,87098],{"class":86593},[46,87922,507],{"class":60},[46,87924,70354],{"class":102},[46,87926,94],{"class":60},[46,87928,427],{"class":426},[46,87930,87931],{"class":430},"Third line",[46,87933,87111],{"class":34622},[46,87935,427],{"class":426},[46,87937,215],{"class":60},[20,87939,87940],{},"Important detail:",[172,87942,87943,87948,87955],{},[175,87944,87945,87947],{},[15,87946,86683],{}," writes a string",[175,87949,87950,14221,87952,87954],{},[15,87951,86683],{},[3924,87953,4805],{}," add a newline for you",[175,87956,87957,87958,87410],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87959,87111],{},[20,87961,87962,87963,3065,87967,507],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[501,87964,87966],{"href":87965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[501,87968,87970],{"href":87969},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[32,87972,87974],{"id":87973},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87976,87977],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[283,87979,87981],{"id":87980},"encodingutf-8",[15,87982,86928],{},[20,87984,87985],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[37,87987,87989],{"className":39,"code":87988,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87990,87991,88034],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,87992,87993,87995,87997,87999,88001,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028,88030,88032],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,87994,86552],{"class":1595},[46,87996,86555],{"class":90},[46,87998,94],{"class":60},[46,88000,427],{"class":426},[46,88002,88003],{"class":430},"message.txt",[46,88005,427],{"class":426},[46,88007,68],{"class":60},[46,88009,438],{"class":426},[46,88011,60665],{"class":430},[46,88013,427],{"class":426},[46,88015,68],{"class":60},[46,88017,86577],{"class":254},[46,88019,57],{"class":56},[46,88021,427],{"class":426},[46,88023,86584],{"class":430},[46,88025,427],{"class":426},[46,88027,1592],{"class":60},[46,88029,47520],{"class":1595},[46,88031,86594],{"class":86593},[46,88033,6566],{"class":60},[46,88035,88036,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88037,8240],{"class":90},[46,88039,94],{"class":60},[46,88041,86700],{"class":86593},[46,88043,507],{"class":60},[46,88045,86610],{"class":102},[46,88047,7367],{"class":60},[20,88049,88050],{},"Why it matters:",[172,88052,88053,88056,88059],{},[175,88054,88055],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[175,88057,88058],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[175,88060,88061],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[283,88063,88065],{"id":88064},"newline",[15,88066,88064],{},[20,88068,88069],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88071,88072],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[283,88074,88076],{"id":88075},"buffering",[15,88077,88075],{},[20,88079,88080],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88082,88083],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[32,88085,88087],{"id":88086},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88089,88090],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[283,88092,88094],{"id":88093},"filenotfounderror",[15,88095,88096],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88098,88099],{},"This happens when:",[172,88101,88102,88105,88108],{},[175,88103,88104],{},"the file does not exist",[175,88106,88107],{},"the path is wrong",[175,88109,88110],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88112,2393],{},[37,88114,88116],{"className":39,"code":88115,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88117,88118,88161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88119,88120,88122,88124,88126,88128,88131,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88121,86552],{"class":1595},[46,88123,86555],{"class":90},[46,88125,94],{"class":60},[46,88127,427],{"class":426},[46,88129,88130],{"class":430},"missing.txt",[46,88132,427],{"class":426},[46,88134,68],{"class":60},[46,88136,438],{"class":426},[46,88138,60665],{"class":430},[46,88140,427],{"class":426},[46,88142,68],{"class":60},[46,88144,86577],{"class":254},[46,88146,57],{"class":56},[46,88148,427],{"class":426},[46,88150,86584],{"class":430},[46,88152,427],{"class":426},[46,88154,1592],{"class":60},[46,88156,47520],{"class":1595},[46,88158,86594],{"class":86593},[46,88160,6566],{"class":60},[46,88162,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88164,8240],{"class":90},[46,88166,94],{"class":60},[46,88168,86700],{"class":86593},[46,88170,507],{"class":60},[46,88172,86610],{"class":102},[46,88174,7367],{"class":60},[20,88176,88177,88178,2051,88186,507],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[501,88179,88181,88182,88185],{"href":88180},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[46,88183,88184],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[501,88187,88189],{"href":88188},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[283,88191,88193],{"id":88192},"permissionerror",[15,88194,88195],{},"PermissionError",[20,88197,88198],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88200,88201],{},"Example causes:",[172,88203,88204,88207,88210],{},[175,88205,88206],{},"the file is protected",[175,88208,88209],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[175,88211,88212],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88214,88215,88216],{},"Related page: ",[501,88217,88219,88220,88223],{"href":88218},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[46,88221,88222],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[283,88225,88227],{"id":88226},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88228,88229],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88231,88232],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88234,2393],{},[37,88236,88238],{"className":39,"code":88237,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88239,88240,88283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88241,88242,88244,88246,88248,88250,88253,88255,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271,88273,88275,88277,88279,88281],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88243,86552],{"class":1595},[46,88245,86555],{"class":90},[46,88247,94],{"class":60},[46,88249,427],{"class":426},[46,88251,88252],{"class":430},"my_folder",[46,88254,427],{"class":426},[46,88256,68],{"class":60},[46,88258,438],{"class":426},[46,88260,60665],{"class":430},[46,88262,427],{"class":426},[46,88264,68],{"class":60},[46,88266,86577],{"class":254},[46,88268,57],{"class":56},[46,88270,427],{"class":426},[46,88272,86584],{"class":430},[46,88274,427],{"class":426},[46,88276,1592],{"class":60},[46,88278,47520],{"class":1595},[46,88280,86594],{"class":86593},[46,88282,6566],{"class":60},[46,88284,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88286,8240],{"class":90},[46,88288,94],{"class":60},[46,88290,86700],{"class":86593},[46,88292,507],{"class":60},[46,88294,86610],{"class":102},[46,88296,7367],{"class":60},[20,88298,88215,88299],{},[501,88300,88302,88303,88306],{"href":88301},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[46,88304,88305],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[283,88308,88310],{"id":88309},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88311,88312],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88314,88315,88316,507],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88317,86533],{},[20,88319,88215,88320],{},[501,88321,88323],{"href":88322},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[32,88325,88327],{"id":88326},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88329,88330,88331,88333],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88332,86533],{}," function.",[20,88335,88336],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[172,88338,88339,88342,88345,88351],{},[175,88340,88341],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[175,88343,88344],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[175,88346,88347,88348,88350],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88349,86533],{}," itself",[175,88352,88353,88354],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[501,88355,88357],{"href":88356},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[32,88359,1834],{"id":1833},[20,88361,88362,88363,198],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88364,86533],{},[172,88366,88367,88372,88378,88383,88386,88389],{},[175,88368,578,88369,88371],{},[15,88370,86631],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[175,88373,88374,88375,88377],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88376,86832],{}," for text files",[175,88379,578,88380,88382],{},[15,88381,86948],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[175,88384,88385],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[175,88387,88388],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[175,88390,88391],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88393,88394],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[37,88396,88398],{"className":39,"code":88397,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88399,88400,88407],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88401,88402,88404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88403,35260],{"class":1595},[46,88405,88406],{"class":52}," os\n",[46,88408,88409,88411,88413,88415,88417,88420],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88410,91],{"class":90},[46,88412,94],{"class":60},[46,88414,42789],{"class":102},[46,88416,507],{"class":60},[46,88418,88419],{"class":102},"getcwd",[46,88421,7367],{"class":60},[20,88423,88424],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[37,88426,88428],{"className":39,"code":88427,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88429,88430,88436],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88431,88432,88434],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88433,35260],{"class":1595},[46,88435,88406],{"class":52},[46,88437,88438,88440,88442,88444,88446,88449,88451,88454,88456,88458,88460,88462],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88439,91],{"class":90},[46,88441,94],{"class":60},[46,88443,42789],{"class":102},[46,88445,507],{"class":60},[46,88447,88448],{"class":1774},"path",[46,88450,507],{"class":60},[46,88452,88453],{"class":102},"exists",[46,88455,94],{"class":60},[46,88457,427],{"class":426},[46,88459,86562],{"class":430},[46,88461,427],{"class":426},[46,88463,106],{"class":60},[20,88465,88466],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[37,88468,88470],{"className":39,"code":88469,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88471,88472,88478],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88473,88474,88476],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88475,35260],{"class":1595},[46,88477,88406],{"class":52},[46,88479,88480,88482,88484,88486,88488,88490,88492,88495,88497,88499,88501,88503],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88481,91],{"class":90},[46,88483,94],{"class":60},[46,88485,42789],{"class":102},[46,88487,507],{"class":60},[46,88489,88448],{"class":1774},[46,88491,507],{"class":60},[46,88493,88494],{"class":102},"isfile",[46,88496,94],{"class":60},[46,88498,427],{"class":426},[46,88500,86562],{"class":430},[46,88502,427],{"class":426},[46,88504,106],{"class":60},[20,88506,88507],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[37,88509,88511],{"className":39,"code":88510,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88512,88513,88555],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88514,88515,88517,88519,88521,88523,88525,88527,88529,88531,88533,88535,88537,88539,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551,88553],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88516,86552],{"class":1595},[46,88518,86555],{"class":90},[46,88520,94],{"class":60},[46,88522,427],{"class":426},[46,88524,86562],{"class":430},[46,88526,427],{"class":426},[46,88528,68],{"class":60},[46,88530,438],{"class":426},[46,88532,60665],{"class":430},[46,88534,427],{"class":426},[46,88536,68],{"class":60},[46,88538,86577],{"class":254},[46,88540,57],{"class":56},[46,88542,427],{"class":426},[46,88544,86584],{"class":430},[46,88546,427],{"class":426},[46,88548,1592],{"class":60},[46,88550,47520],{"class":1595},[46,88552,86594],{"class":86593},[46,88554,6566],{"class":60},[46,88556,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88558,8240],{"class":90},[46,88560,94],{"class":60},[46,88562,86700],{"class":86593},[46,88564,507],{"class":60},[46,88566,86610],{"class":102},[46,88568,7367],{"class":60},[20,88570,88571],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[32,88573,1991],{"id":1990},[283,88575,88577],{"id":88576},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88579,88580],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[283,88582,88584],{"id":88583},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88586,88587,88588,88590],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88589,86552],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[283,88592,2048,88594,2051,88596,88598],{"id":88593},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88595,86948],{},[15,88597,18263],{}," mode?",[20,88600,88601,88603,88604,88606],{},[15,88602,86948],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88605,18263],{}," adds new content to the end.",[283,88608,88610],{"id":88609},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88612,88613],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[283,88615,88617],{"id":88616},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88619,88620,88621,88623],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88622,86928],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[32,88625,2065],{"id":2064},[172,88627,88628,88632,88636,88640,88644,88648,88652,88658],{},[175,88629,88630],{},[501,88631,87761],{"href":87760},[175,88633,88634],{},[501,88635,87966],{"href":87965},[175,88637,88638],{},[501,88639,87970],{"href":87969},[175,88641,88642],{},[501,88643,87765],{"href":87764},[175,88645,88646],{},[501,88647,88357],{"href":88356},[175,88649,88650],{},[501,88651,88189],{"href":88188},[175,88653,88654],{},[501,88655,88181,88656,88185],{"href":88180},[46,88657,88184],{},[175,88659,88660],{},[501,88661,88219,88662,88223],{"href":88218},[46,88663,88222],{},[2103,88665,88666],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":88668},[88669,88670,88671,88672,88673,88674,88675,88680,88681,88686,88692,88693,88694,88702],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":86635,"depth":87,"text":86636},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":86932,"depth":87,"text":86933},{"id":87196,"depth":87,"text":87197},{"id":87320,"depth":87,"text":87321},{"id":87503,"depth":87,"text":87504,"children":88676},[88677,88678,88679],{"id":87513,"depth":109,"text":87514},{"id":87592,"depth":109,"text":87593},{"id":87675,"depth":109,"text":87676},{"id":87768,"depth":87,"text":87769},{"id":87973,"depth":87,"text":87974,"children":88682},[88683,88684,88685],{"id":87980,"depth":109,"text":86928},{"id":88064,"depth":109,"text":88064},{"id":88075,"depth":109,"text":88075},{"id":88086,"depth":87,"text":88087,"children":88687},[88688,88689,88690,88691],{"id":88093,"depth":109,"text":88096},{"id":88192,"depth":109,"text":88195},{"id":88226,"depth":109,"text":88229},{"id":88309,"depth":109,"text":88312},{"id":88326,"depth":87,"text":88327},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":88695},[88696,88697,88698,88700,88701],{"id":88576,"depth":109,"text":88577},{"id":88583,"depth":109,"text":88584},{"id":88593,"depth":109,"text":88699},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88609,"depth":109,"text":88610},{"id":88616,"depth":109,"text":88617},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86523,"description":88703},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88710,"title":88711,"body":88712,"description":90707,"extension":2150,"meta":90708,"navigation":112,"path":90709,"seo":90710,"stem":90711,"__hash__":90712},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88713,"toc":90654},[88714,88719,88724,88730,88732,88800,88802,88821,88826,88831,88836,88839,88851,88853,88896,88898,88916,88927,88929,88931,88956,88958,88969,88971,89031,89033,89059,89062,89066,89071,89075,89078,89112,89116,89119,89144,89148,89171,89175,89208,89213,89217,89222,89225,89293,89295,89319,89324,89327,89358,89360,89392,89409,89413,89418,89442,89449,89454,89459,89462,89466,89501,89503,89512,89516,89607,89609,89640,89645,89652,89657,89666,89669,89703,89705,89719,89723,89764,89766,89775,89779,89827,89829,89843,89848,89859,89866,89872,89874,89909,89911,89925,89928,89950,89956,89985,89996,90002,90008,90022,90024,90103,90105,90155,90162,90164,90169,90173,90176,90191,90196,90198,90217,90223,90226,90241,90243,90261,90267,90272,90302,90305,90328,90331,90358,90365,90371,90379,90402,90407,90415,90417,90437,90441,90447,90497,90500,90522,90524,90530,90538,90544,90550,90558,90563,90567,90570,90593,90598,90605,90617,90619,90651],[10,88715,13,88717,18],{"id":88716},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88718,46617],{},[20,88720,32485,88721,88723],{},[15,88722,46617],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88725,88726,88727,88729],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88728,46617],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[32,88731,35],{"id":34},[37,88733,88735],{"className":39,"code":88734,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88736,88737,88749,88758,88762,88772,88782],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88738,88739,88741,88743,88745,88747],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88740,8047],{"class":52},[46,88742,57],{"class":56},[46,88744,438],{"class":426},[46,88746,8092],{"class":430},[46,88748,3544],{"class":426},[46,88750,88751,88753,88755],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88752,21795],{"class":52},[46,88754,57],{"class":56},[46,88756,88757],{"class":64}," 12\n",[46,88759,88760],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,88761,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,88763,88764,88766,88768,88770],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,88765,91],{"class":90},[46,88767,94],{"class":60},[46,88769,1009],{"class":102},[46,88771,215],{"class":60},[46,88773,88774,88776,88778,88780],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,88775,91],{"class":90},[46,88777,94],{"class":60},[46,88779,9468],{"class":102},[46,88781,215],{"class":60},[46,88783,88784,88786,88788,88790,88792,88794,88796,88798],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,88785,91],{"class":90},[46,88787,94],{"class":60},[46,88789,427],{"class":426},[46,88791,35036],{"class":430},[46,88793,427],{"class":426},[46,88795,68],{"class":60},[46,88797,36160],{"class":102},[46,88799,215],{"class":60},[20,88801,143],{},[37,88803,88805],{"className":39,"code":88804,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88806,88807,88812,88816],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88808,88809],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88810,88811],{"class":52},"Mia\n",[46,88813,88814],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88815,2411],{"class":64},[46,88817,88818],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,88819,88820],{"class":52},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88822,160,88823,88825],{},[15,88824,46617],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[32,88827,167,88829,170],{"id":88828},"what-print-does",[15,88830,46617],{},[20,88832,88833,88835],{},[15,88834,46617],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88837,88838],{},"You can use it to display:",[172,88840,88841,88843,88845,88848],{},[175,88842,34877],{},[175,88844,103],{},[175,88846,88847],{},"variables",[175,88849,88850],{},"expressions",[20,88852,2393],{},[37,88854,88856],{"className":39,"code":88855,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88857,88858,88872,88882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88859,88860,88862,88864,88866,88868,88870],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88861,91],{"class":90},[46,88863,94],{"class":60},[46,88865,427],{"class":426},[46,88867,35036],{"class":430},[46,88869,427],{"class":426},[46,88871,215],{"class":60},[46,88873,88874,88876,88878,88880],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88875,91],{"class":90},[46,88877,94],{"class":60},[46,88879,65],{"class":64},[46,88881,215],{"class":60},[46,88883,88884,88886,88888,88890,88892,88894],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,88885,91],{"class":90},[46,88887,94],{"class":60},[46,88889,2243],{"class":64},[46,88891,2640],{"class":56},[46,88893,312],{"class":64},[46,88895,215],{"class":60},[20,88897,143],{},[37,88899,88901],{"className":39,"code":88900,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88902,88903,88908,88912],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88904,88905],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88906,88907],{"class":52},"Hello\n",[46,88909,88910],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88911,1626],{"class":64},[46,88913,88914],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,88915,1626],{"class":64},[20,88917,88918,88919,88921,88922,88926],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88920,46617],{}," ",[3924,88923,3873,88924],{},[15,88925,1326],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[32,88928,2343],{"id":2342},[20,88930,30893],{},[37,88932,88934],{"className":39,"code":88933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88935,88936],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88937,88938,88940,88942,88945,88947,88950,88952,88954],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88939,91],{"class":90},[46,88941,94],{"class":60},[46,88943,88944],{"class":102},"object1",[46,88946,68],{"class":60},[46,88948,88949],{"class":102}," object2",[46,88951,68],{"class":60},[46,88953,239],{"class":90},[46,88955,215],{"class":60},[20,88957,80351],{},[172,88959,88960,88963,88966],{},[175,88961,88962],{},"one value",[175,88964,88965],{},"many values",[175,88967,88968],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88970,2393],{},[37,88972,88974],{"className":39,"code":88973,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88975,88976,88990,89009],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,88977,88978,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,88979,91],{"class":90},[46,88981,94],{"class":60},[46,88983,427],{"class":426},[46,88985,823],{"class":430},[46,88987,427],{"class":426},[46,88989,215],{"class":60},[46,88991,88992,88994,88996,88998,89001,89003,89005,89007],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,88993,91],{"class":90},[46,88995,94],{"class":60},[46,88997,427],{"class":426},[46,88999,89000],{"class":430},"Score:",[46,89002,427],{"class":426},[46,89004,68],{"class":60},[46,89006,6176],{"class":64},[46,89008,215],{"class":60},[46,89010,89011,89013,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023,89025,89027,89029],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,89012,91],{"class":90},[46,89014,94],{"class":60},[46,89016,427],{"class":426},[46,89018,45728],{"class":430},[46,89020,427],{"class":426},[46,89022,68],{"class":60},[46,89024,2643],{"class":64},[46,89026,2640],{"class":56},[46,89028,37811],{"class":64},[46,89030,215],{"class":60},[20,89032,143],{},[37,89034,89036],{"className":39,"code":89035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89037,89038,89042,89051],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89039,89040],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89041,854],{"class":52},[46,89043,89044,89047,89049],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89045,89046],{"class":52},"Score",[46,89048,198],{"class":60},[46,89050,2774],{"class":64},[46,89052,89053,89055,89057],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,89054,45768],{"class":52},[46,89056,198],{"class":60},[46,89058,2774],{"class":64},[20,89060,89061],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[32,89063,89065],{"id":89064},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89067,89068,89069,507],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89070,46617],{},[283,89072,89074],{"id":89073},"print-text","Print text",[20,89076,89077],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[37,89079,89081],{"className":39,"code":89080,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89082,89083,89097],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89084,89085,89087,89089,89091,89093,89095],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89086,91],{"class":90},[46,89088,94],{"class":60},[46,89090,427],{"class":426},[46,89092,35036],{"class":430},[46,89094,427],{"class":426},[46,89096,215],{"class":60},[46,89098,89099,89101,89103,89105,89108,89110],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89100,91],{"class":90},[46,89102,94],{"class":60},[46,89104,427],{"class":426},[46,89106,89107],{"class":430},"Python is fun",[46,89109,427],{"class":426},[46,89111,215],{"class":60},[283,89113,89115],{"id":89114},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89117,89118],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[37,89120,89122],{"className":39,"code":89121,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89123,89124,89134],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89125,89126,89128,89130,89132],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89127,91],{"class":90},[46,89129,94],{"class":60},[46,89131,65],{"class":64},[46,89133,215],{"class":60},[46,89135,89136,89138,89140,89142],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89137,91],{"class":90},[46,89139,94],{"class":60},[46,89141,40309],{"class":64},[46,89143,215],{"class":60},[283,89145,89147],{"id":89146},"print-variables","Print variables",[37,89149,89151],{"className":39,"code":89150,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89152,89153,89161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89154,89155,89157,89159],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89156,5269],{"class":52},[46,89158,57],{"class":56},[46,89160,14298],{"class":64},[46,89162,89163,89165,89167,89169],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89164,91],{"class":90},[46,89166,94],{"class":60},[46,89168,1027],{"class":102},[46,89170,215],{"class":60},[283,89172,89174],{"id":89173},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[37,89176,89178],{"className":39,"code":89177,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89179,89180,89194],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89181,89182,89184,89186,89188,89190,89192],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89183,91],{"class":90},[46,89185,94],{"class":60},[46,89187,2243],{"class":64},[46,89189,2640],{"class":56},[46,89191,312],{"class":64},[46,89193,215],{"class":60},[46,89195,89196,89198,89200,89202,89204,89206],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89197,91],{"class":90},[46,89199,94],{"class":60},[46,89201,1494],{"class":64},[46,89203,82979],{"class":56},[46,89205,2643],{"class":64},[46,89207,215],{"class":60},[20,89209,89210,89211,507],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[501,89212,51140],{"href":51139},[32,89214,89216],{"id":89215},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89218,89219,89221],{},[15,89220,46617],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89223,89224],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[37,89226,89228],{"className":39,"code":89227,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89229,89230,89243,89251,89255,89274],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89231,89232,89234,89236,89238,89241],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89233,8047],{"class":52},[46,89235,57],{"class":56},[46,89237,438],{"class":426},[46,89239,89240],{"class":430},"Ava",[46,89242,3544],{"class":426},[46,89244,89245,89247,89249],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89246,21795],{"class":52},[46,89248,57],{"class":56},[46,89250,2774],{"class":64},[46,89252,89253],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,89254,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,89256,89257,89259,89261,89263,89266,89268,89270,89272],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,89258,91],{"class":90},[46,89260,94],{"class":60},[46,89262,427],{"class":426},[46,89264,89265],{"class":430},"Name:",[46,89267,427],{"class":426},[46,89269,68],{"class":60},[46,89271,36160],{"class":102},[46,89273,215],{"class":60},[46,89275,89276,89278,89280,89282,89285,89287,89289,89291],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,89277,91],{"class":90},[46,89279,94],{"class":60},[46,89281,427],{"class":426},[46,89283,89284],{"class":430},"Age:",[46,89286,427],{"class":426},[46,89288,68],{"class":60},[46,89290,9359],{"class":102},[46,89292,215],{"class":60},[20,89294,143],{},[37,89296,89298],{"className":39,"code":89297,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89299,89300,89310],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89301,89302,89305,89307],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89303,89304],{"class":52},"Name",[46,89306,198],{"class":60},[46,89308,89309],{"class":52}," Ava\n",[46,89311,89312,89315,89317],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89313,89314],{"class":52},"Age",[46,89316,198],{"class":60},[46,89318,2774],{"class":64},[20,89320,89321,89322,507],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89323,2246],{},[20,89325,89326],{},"For example, this works:",[37,89328,89330],{"className":39,"code":89329,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89331,89332,89340],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89333,89334,89336,89338],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89335,21795],{"class":52},[46,89337,57],{"class":56},[46,89339,2774],{"class":64},[46,89341,89342,89344,89346,89348,89350,89352,89354,89356],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89343,91],{"class":90},[46,89345,94],{"class":60},[46,89347,427],{"class":426},[46,89349,89284],{"class":430},[46,89351,427],{"class":426},[46,89353,68],{"class":60},[46,89355,9359],{"class":102},[46,89357,215],{"class":60},[20,89359,37095],{},[37,89361,89363],{"className":39,"code":89362,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89364,89365,89373],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89366,89367,89369,89371],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89368,21795],{"class":52},[46,89370,57],{"class":56},[46,89372,2774],{"class":64},[46,89374,89375,89377,89379,89381,89384,89386,89388,89390],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89376,91],{"class":90},[46,89378,94],{"class":60},[46,89380,427],{"class":426},[46,89382,89383],{"class":430},"Age: ",[46,89385,427],{"class":426},[46,89387,2640],{"class":56},[46,89389,9359],{"class":102},[46,89391,215],{"class":60},[20,89393,89394,89395,89398,89399,89401,89402,89404,89405,507],{},"That fails because ",[15,89396,89397],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89400,9468],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89403,2246],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[501,89406,89407],{"href":42340},[15,89408,47846],{},[32,89410,89412],{"id":89411},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89414,89415,89417],{},[15,89416,46617],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[172,89419,89420,89426,89431,89436],{},[175,89421,89422,89425],{},[15,89423,89424],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[175,89427,89428,89430],{},[15,89429,52823],{}," controls what is added after the output",[175,89432,89433,89435],{},[15,89434,86700],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[175,89437,89438,89441],{},[15,89439,89440],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89443,89444,89445,2051,89447,507],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89446,89424],{},[15,89448,52823],{},[32,89450,89452,36785],{"id":89451},"sep-argument",[15,89453,89424],{},[20,89455,882,89456,89458],{},[15,89457,89424],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89460,89461],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[283,89463,89465],{"id":89464},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[37,89467,89469],{"className":39,"code":89468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89470,89471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89472,89473,89475,89477,89479,89481,89483,89485,89487,89489,89491,89493,89495,89497,89499],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89474,91],{"class":90},[46,89476,94],{"class":60},[46,89478,427],{"class":426},[46,89480,13260],{"class":430},[46,89482,427],{"class":426},[46,89484,68],{"class":60},[46,89486,438],{"class":426},[46,89488,17622],{"class":430},[46,89490,427],{"class":426},[46,89492,68],{"class":60},[46,89494,438],{"class":426},[46,89496,13277],{"class":430},[46,89498,427],{"class":426},[46,89500,215],{"class":60},[20,89502,143],{},[37,89504,89506],{"className":39,"code":89505,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red green blue\n",[15,89507,89508],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89509,89510],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89511,89505],{"class":52},[283,89513,89515],{"id":89514},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[37,89517,89519],{"className":39,"code":89518,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89520,89521,89564],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89522,89523,89525,89527,89529,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539,89541,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89554,89556,89558,89560,89562],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89524,91],{"class":90},[46,89526,94],{"class":60},[46,89528,427],{"class":426},[46,89530,13260],{"class":430},[46,89532,427],{"class":426},[46,89534,68],{"class":60},[46,89536,438],{"class":426},[46,89538,17622],{"class":430},[46,89540,427],{"class":426},[46,89542,68],{"class":60},[46,89544,438],{"class":426},[46,89546,13277],{"class":430},[46,89548,427],{"class":426},[46,89550,68],{"class":60},[46,89552,89553],{"class":254}," sep",[46,89555,57],{"class":56},[46,89557,427],{"class":426},[46,89559,68],{"class":430},[46,89561,427],{"class":426},[46,89563,215],{"class":60},[46,89565,89566,89568,89570,89572,89574,89576,89578,89580,89582,89584,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89603,89605],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89567,91],{"class":90},[46,89569,94],{"class":60},[46,89571,427],{"class":426},[46,89573,13260],{"class":430},[46,89575,427],{"class":426},[46,89577,68],{"class":60},[46,89579,438],{"class":426},[46,89581,17622],{"class":430},[46,89583,427],{"class":426},[46,89585,68],{"class":60},[46,89587,438],{"class":426},[46,89589,13277],{"class":430},[46,89591,427],{"class":426},[46,89593,68],{"class":60},[46,89595,89553],{"class":254},[46,89597,57],{"class":56},[46,89599,427],{"class":426},[46,89601,89602],{"class":430}," - ",[46,89604,427],{"class":426},[46,89606,215],{"class":60},[20,89608,143],{},[37,89610,89612],{"className":39,"code":89611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89613,89614,89626],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89615,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89617,13260],{"class":52},[46,89619,68],{"class":60},[46,89621,17622],{"class":52},[46,89623,68],{"class":60},[46,89625,70140],{"class":52},[46,89627,89628,89631,89633,89636,89638],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89629,89630],{"class":52},"red ",[46,89632,2208],{"class":56},[46,89634,89635],{"class":52}," green ",[46,89637,2208],{"class":56},[46,89639,36051],{"class":52},[20,89641,89642,89644],{},[15,89643,89424],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89646,89647,89648,507],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[501,89649,89651],{"href":89650},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[32,89653,89655,36785],{"id":89654},"end-argument",[15,89656,52823],{},[20,89658,89659,89660,89662,89663,89665],{},"By default, ",[15,89661,46617],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89664,46617],{}," starts on a new line.",[283,89667,89465],{"id":89668},"default-behavior-1",[37,89670,89672],{"className":39,"code":89671,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89673,89674,89688],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89675,89676,89678,89680,89682,89684,89686],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89677,91],{"class":90},[46,89679,94],{"class":60},[46,89681,427],{"class":426},[46,89683,35036],{"class":430},[46,89685,427],{"class":426},[46,89687,215],{"class":60},[46,89689,89690,89692,89694,89696,89699,89701],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89691,91],{"class":90},[46,89693,94],{"class":60},[46,89695,427],{"class":426},[46,89697,89698],{"class":430},"World",[46,89700,427],{"class":426},[46,89702,215],{"class":60},[20,89704,143],{},[37,89706,89708],{"className":39,"code":89707,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89709,89710,89714],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89711,89712],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89713,88907],{"class":52},[46,89715,89716],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89717,89718],{"class":52},"World\n",[283,89720,89722],{"id":89721},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[37,89724,89726],{"className":39,"code":89725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89727,89728,89750],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89729,89730,89732,89734,89736,89738,89740,89742,89744,89746,89748],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89731,91],{"class":90},[46,89733,94],{"class":60},[46,89735,427],{"class":426},[46,89737,35036],{"class":430},[46,89739,427],{"class":426},[46,89741,68],{"class":60},[46,89743,65201],{"class":254},[46,89745,57],{"class":56},[46,89747,6444],{"class":426},[46,89749,215],{"class":60},[46,89751,89752,89754,89756,89758,89760,89762],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89753,91],{"class":90},[46,89755,94],{"class":60},[46,89757,427],{"class":426},[46,89759,89698],{"class":430},[46,89761,427],{"class":426},[46,89763,215],{"class":60},[20,89765,143],{},[37,89767,89769],{"className":39,"code":89768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89770,89771],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89772,89773],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89774,89768],{"class":52},[283,89776,89778],{"id":89777},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[37,89780,89782],{"className":39,"code":89781,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89783,89784,89813],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89785,89786,89788,89790,89792,89794,89796,89798,89800,89802,89804,89807,89809,89811],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89787,91],{"class":90},[46,89789,94],{"class":60},[46,89791,427],{"class":426},[46,89793,35036],{"class":430},[46,89795,427],{"class":426},[46,89797,68],{"class":60},[46,89799,65201],{"class":254},[46,89801,57],{"class":56},[46,89803,427],{"class":426},[46,89805,89806],{"class":430},"!",[46,89808,87111],{"class":34622},[46,89810,427],{"class":426},[46,89812,215],{"class":60},[46,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821,89823,89825],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89816,91],{"class":90},[46,89818,94],{"class":60},[46,89820,427],{"class":426},[46,89822,89698],{"class":430},[46,89824,427],{"class":426},[46,89826,215],{"class":60},[20,89828,143],{},[37,89830,89832],{"className":39,"code":89831,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89833,89834,89839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89835,89836],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89837,89838],{"class":52},"Hello!\n",[46,89840,89841],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89842,89718],{"class":52},[20,89844,882,89845,89847],{},[15,89846,52823],{}," argument is useful for:",[172,89849,89850,89853,89856],{},[175,89851,89852],{},"progress messages",[175,89854,89855],{},"inline output",[175,89857,89858],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[32,89860,89862,2583,89864],{"id":89861},"print-returns-none",[15,89863,46617],{},[15,89865,1326],{},[20,89867,89868,89869,89871],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89870,46617],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89873,2393],{},[37,89875,89877],{"className":39,"code":89876,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89878,89879,89899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89880,89881,89883,89885,89888,89890,89892,89895,89897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89882,2416],{"class":52},[46,89884,57],{"class":56},[46,89886,89887],{"class":90}," print",[46,89889,94],{"class":60},[46,89891,427],{"class":426},[46,89893,89894],{"class":430},"Hi",[46,89896,427],{"class":426},[46,89898,215],{"class":60},[46,89900,89901,89903,89905,89907],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89902,91],{"class":90},[46,89904,94],{"class":60},[46,89906,2451],{"class":102},[46,89908,215],{"class":60},[20,89910,143],{},[37,89912,89914],{"className":39,"code":89913,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89915,89916,89921],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89917,89918],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89919,89920],{"class":52},"Hi\n",[46,89922,89923],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89924,1333],{"class":1325},[20,89926,89927],{},"Why does this happen?",[172,89929,89930,89938,89943],{},[175,89931,89932,89935,89936],{},[15,89933,89934],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89937,89894],{},[175,89939,89940,89941],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89942,1326],{},[175,89944,89945,89946,12088,89948],{},"so ",[15,89947,2451],{},[15,89949,1326],{},[20,89951,89952,89953,89955],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89954,46617],{}," call.",[37,89957,89959],{"className":39,"code":89958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89960,89961,89974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,89962,89963,89966,89968,89970,89972],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,89964,89965],{"class":52},"message ",[46,89967,57],{"class":56},[46,89969,438],{"class":426},[46,89971,89894],{"class":430},[46,89973,3544],{"class":426},[46,89975,89976,89978,89980,89983],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,89977,91],{"class":90},[46,89979,94],{"class":60},[46,89981,89982],{"class":102},"message",[46,89984,215],{"class":60},[20,89986,89987,89988,89990,89991,89995],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89989,46617],{}," with functions like ",[501,89992,89993],{"href":8391},[15,89994,3144],{},", which do return a value.",[32,89997,89999,90000],{"id":89998},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90001,46617],{},[20,90003,90004,90005,90007],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90006,46617],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[172,90009,90010,90013,90016,90019],{},[175,90011,90012],{},"to display results to the user",[175,90014,90015],{},"to show messages in a script",[175,90017,90018],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[175,90020,90021],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90023,2393],{},[37,90025,90027],{"className":39,"code":90026,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90028,90029,90037,90041,90061,90072],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90030,90031,90033,90035],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90032,41347],{"class":52},[46,90034,57],{"class":56},[46,90036,38678],{"class":64},[46,90038,90039],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90040,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,90042,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,90044,6129],{"class":1595},[46,90046,6559],{"class":52},[46,90048,1602],{"class":1595},[46,90050,54233],{"class":90},[46,90052,94],{"class":60},[46,90054,3175],{"class":64},[46,90056,68],{"class":60},[46,90058,2643],{"class":64},[46,90060,8514],{"class":60},[46,90062,90063,90066,90069],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,90064,90065],{"class":52},"    total ",[46,90067,90068],{"class":56},"+=",[46,90070,90071],{"class":52}," number\n",[46,90073,90074,90076,90078,90080,90083,90085,90087,90089,90091,90093,90095,90097,90099,90101],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,90075,8240],{"class":90},[46,90077,94],{"class":60},[46,90079,427],{"class":426},[46,90081,90082],{"class":430},"Current number:",[46,90084,427],{"class":426},[46,90086,68],{"class":60},[46,90088,2382],{"class":102},[46,90090,68],{"class":60},[46,90092,438],{"class":426},[46,90094,45728],{"class":430},[46,90096,427],{"class":426},[46,90098,68],{"class":60},[46,90100,45735],{"class":102},[46,90102,215],{"class":60},[20,90104,143],{},[37,90106,90108],{"className":39,"code":90107,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90109,90110,90126,90140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90111,90112,90115,90117,90119,90122,90124],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90113,90114],{"class":52},"Current number",[46,90116,198],{"class":60},[46,90118,81],{"class":64},[46,90120,90121],{"class":52}," Total",[46,90123,198],{"class":60},[46,90125,29782],{"class":64},[46,90127,90128,90130,90132,90134,90136,90138],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90129,90114],{"class":52},[46,90131,198],{"class":60},[46,90133,71],{"class":64},[46,90135,90121],{"class":52},[46,90137,198],{"class":60},[46,90139,2764],{"class":64},[46,90141,90142,90144,90146,90148,90150,90152],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,90143,90114],{"class":52},[46,90145,198],{"class":60},[46,90147,312],{"class":64},[46,90149,90121],{"class":52},[46,90151,198],{"class":60},[46,90153,90154],{"class":64}," 6\n",[20,90156,90157,90158,507],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[501,90159,90161],{"href":90160},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[32,90163,1834],{"id":1833},[20,90165,90166,90167,507],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90168,46617],{},[283,90170,90172],{"id":90171},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90174,90175],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[37,90177,90179],{"className":39,"code":90178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90180,90181],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90182,90183,90185,90187,90189],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90184,91],{"class":90},[46,90186,94],{"class":60},[46,90188,35036],{"class":102},[46,90190,215],{"class":60},[20,90192,9047,90193,90195],{},[15,90194,35036],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90197,10975],{},[37,90199,90201],{"className":39,"code":90200,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90202,90203],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90204,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90206,91],{"class":90},[46,90208,94],{"class":60},[46,90210,427],{"class":426},[46,90212,35036],{"class":430},[46,90214,427],{"class":426},[46,90216,215],{"class":60},[283,90218,578,90220,90222],{"id":90219},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90221,91],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90224,90225],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[37,90227,90229],{"className":39,"code":90228,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90230,90231],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90232,90233,90235,90237,90239],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90234,91],{"class":90},[46,90236,438],{"class":426},[46,90238,35036],{"class":430},[46,90240,3544],{"class":426},[20,90242,10975],{},[37,90244,90245],{"className":39,"code":90200,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,90246,90247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90248,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90250,91],{"class":90},[46,90252,94],{"class":60},[46,90254,427],{"class":426},[46,90256,35036],{"class":430},[46,90258,427],{"class":426},[46,90260,215],{"class":60},[283,90262,90264,90265],{"id":90263},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90266,2246],{},[20,90268,90269,90270,507],{},"This causes a ",[15,90271,1638],{},[37,90273,90274],{"className":39,"code":89362,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,90275,90276,90284],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90277,90278,90280,90282],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90279,21795],{"class":52},[46,90281,57],{"class":56},[46,90283,2774],{"class":64},[46,90285,90286,90288,90290,90292,90294,90296,90298,90300],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90287,91],{"class":90},[46,90289,94],{"class":60},[46,90291,427],{"class":426},[46,90293,89383],{"class":430},[46,90295,427],{"class":426},[46,90297,2640],{"class":56},[46,90299,9359],{"class":102},[46,90301,215],{"class":60},[20,90303,90304],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[37,90306,90308],{"className":39,"code":90307,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90309,90310],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90311,90312,90314,90316,90318,90320,90322,90324,90326],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90313,91],{"class":90},[46,90315,94],{"class":60},[46,90317,427],{"class":426},[46,90319,89284],{"class":430},[46,90321,427],{"class":426},[46,90323,68],{"class":60},[46,90325,9359],{"class":102},[46,90327,215],{"class":60},[20,90329,90330],{},"Or convert the number first:",[37,90332,90334],{"className":39,"code":90333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90335,90336],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90337,90338,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348,90350,90352,90354,90356],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90339,91],{"class":90},[46,90341,94],{"class":60},[46,90343,427],{"class":426},[46,90345,89383],{"class":430},[46,90347,427],{"class":426},[46,90349,2640],{"class":56},[46,90351,49067],{"class":1270},[46,90353,94],{"class":60},[46,90355,9468],{"class":102},[46,90357,106],{"class":60},[20,90359,90360,90361,507],{},"If you see this error, read ",[501,90362,90364],{"href":90363},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[283,90366,1853,90368,90370],{"id":90367},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90369,46617],{}," to return a value",[20,90372,90373,90374,35499,90377,198],{},"This does not store ",[15,90375,90376],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90378,2451],{},[37,90380,90382],{"className":39,"code":90381,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90383,90384],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90385,90386,90388,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398,90400],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90387,2416],{"class":52},[46,90389,57],{"class":56},[46,90391,89887],{"class":90},[46,90393,94],{"class":60},[46,90395,427],{"class":426},[46,90397,35036],{"class":430},[46,90399,427],{"class":426},[46,90401,215],{"class":60},[20,90403,90404,90405,507],{},"It stores ",[15,90406,1326],{},[283,90408,90410,90411,2051,90413],{"id":90409},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90412,89424],{},[15,90414,52823],{},[20,90416,1345],{},[172,90418,90419,90428],{},[175,90420,90421,90423,90424,90427],{},[15,90422,89424],{}," changes what goes ",[3924,90425,90426],{},"between"," multiple values",[175,90429,90430,90432,90433,90436],{},[15,90431,52823],{}," changes what appears ",[3924,90434,90435],{},"after"," the output",[32,90438,90440],{"id":90439},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90442,90443,90444,90446],{},"These simple ",[15,90445,46617],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[37,90448,90450],{"className":39,"code":90449,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90451,90452,90472,90487],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90453,90454,90456,90458,90460,90463,90465,90467,90470],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90455,91],{"class":90},[46,90457,94],{"class":60},[46,90459,427],{"class":426},[46,90461,90462],{"class":430},"Debug:",[46,90464,427],{"class":426},[46,90466,68],{"class":60},[46,90468,90469],{"class":102}," variable_name",[46,90471,215],{"class":60},[46,90473,90474,90476,90478,90480,90482,90485],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90475,91],{"class":90},[46,90477,94],{"class":60},[46,90479,1889],{"class":1270},[46,90481,94],{"class":60},[46,90483,90484],{"class":102},"variable_name",[46,90486,106],{"class":60},[46,90488,90489,90491,90493,90495],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,90490,32320],{"class":90},[46,90492,94],{"class":60},[46,90494,91],{"class":90},[46,90496,215],{"class":60},[20,90498,90499],{},"What they do:",[172,90501,90502,90508,90514],{},[175,90503,90504,90507],{},[15,90505,90506],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[175,90509,90510,90513],{},[15,90511,90512],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[175,90515,90516,90519,90520],{},[15,90517,90518],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90521,46617],{},[32,90523,1991],{"id":1990},[283,90525,12872,90527,90529],{"id":90526},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90528,46617],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90531,90532,90533,90535,90536,2026],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90534,46617],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90537,52823],{},[283,90539,2005,90541,90543],{"id":90540},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90542,46617],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90545,90546,90547,90549],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90548,46617],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[283,90551,5330,90553,5333,90556,2035],{"id":90552},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90554,90555],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90557,1326],{},[20,90559,29228,90560,90562],{},[15,90561,46617],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[283,90564,90566],{"id":90565},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90568,90569],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[37,90571,90573],{"className":39,"code":90572,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90574,90575],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90576,90577,90579,90581,90583,90585,90587,90589,90591],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90578,91],{"class":90},[46,90580,94],{"class":60},[46,90582,427],{"class":426},[46,90584,89284],{"class":430},[46,90586,427],{"class":426},[46,90588,68],{"class":60},[46,90590,6176],{"class":64},[46,90592,215],{"class":60},[20,90594,90595,90596,40095],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90597,47846],{},[283,90599,2048,90601,2051,90603,2035],{"id":90600},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90602,89424],{},[15,90604,52823],{},[172,90606,90607,90612],{},[175,90608,90609,90611],{},[15,90610,89424],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[175,90613,90614,90616],{},[15,90615,52823],{}," changes what appears after the output",[32,90618,2065],{"id":2064},[172,90620,90621,90625,90631,90637,90642,90647],{},[175,90622,90623],{},[501,90624,51140],{"href":51139},[175,90626,90627],{},[501,90628,13,90629,506],{"href":8391},[15,90630,3144],{},[175,90632,90633],{},[501,90634,13,90635,506],{"href":42340},[15,90636,47846],{},[175,90638,90639],{},[501,90640,90641],{"href":89650},"How to format strings in Python",[175,90643,90644],{},[501,90645,90646],{"href":90160},"How to debug Python code",[175,90648,90649],{},[501,90650,90364],{"href":90363},[2103,90652,90653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":90655},[90656,90657,90659,90660,90666,90667,90668,90673,90679,90681,90683,90694,90695,90706],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":88828,"depth":87,"text":90658},"What print() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":89064,"depth":87,"text":89065,"children":90661},[90662,90663,90664,90665],{"id":89073,"depth":109,"text":89074},{"id":89114,"depth":109,"text":89115},{"id":89146,"depth":109,"text":89147},{"id":89173,"depth":109,"text":89174},{"id":89215,"depth":87,"text":89216},{"id":89411,"depth":87,"text":89412},{"id":89451,"depth":87,"text":90669,"children":90670},"sep argument",[90671,90672],{"id":89464,"depth":109,"text":89465},{"id":89514,"depth":109,"text":89515},{"id":89654,"depth":87,"text":90674,"children":90675},"end argument",[90676,90677,90678],{"id":89668,"depth":109,"text":89465},{"id":89721,"depth":109,"text":89722},{"id":89777,"depth":109,"text":89778},{"id":89861,"depth":87,"text":90680},"print() returns None",{"id":89998,"depth":87,"text":90682},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":90684},[90685,90686,90688,90690,90692],{"id":90171,"depth":109,"text":90172},{"id":90219,"depth":109,"text":90687},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90263,"depth":109,"text":90689},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90367,"depth":109,"text":90691},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90409,"depth":109,"text":90693},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90439,"depth":87,"text":90440},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":90696},[90697,90699,90701,90703,90704],{"id":90526,"depth":109,"text":90698},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90540,"depth":109,"text":90700},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90552,"depth":109,"text":90702},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90565,"depth":109,"text":90566},{"id":90600,"depth":109,"text":90705},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88711,"description":90707},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90714,"title":90715,"body":90716,"description":93020,"extension":2150,"meta":93021,"navigation":112,"path":93022,"seo":93023,"stem":93024,"__hash__":93025},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90717,"toc":92966},[90718,90723,90728,90741,90743,90808,90819,90824,90829,90831,90854,90857,90888,90890,90907,90912,90918,90923,90972,90975,90992,90998,91003,91026,91028,91056,91062,91070,91097,91099,91124,91130,91133,91164,91166,91195,91199,91202,91207,91229,91231,91259,91265,91271,91297,91299,91323,91329,91335,91365,91367,91395,91405,91409,91415,91448,91450,91479,91482,91485,91518,91520,91528,91534,91536,91559,91564,91573,91578,91592,91594,91634,91636,91666,91670,91705,91711,91715,91759,91761,91791,91797,91800,91879,91881,91903,91911,91914,91977,91985,92060,92066,92073,92078,92083,92106,92108,92129,92131,92144,92146,92193,92195,92234,92243,92245,92249,92253,92256,92283,92286,92315,92318,92342,92345,92353,92359,92381,92383,92411,92415,92420,92475,92480,92482,92539,92546,92555,92558,92590,92592,92600,92603,92609,92611,92634,92637,92643,92646,92665,92667,92686,92689,92711,92713,92741,92745,92749,92854,92856,92869,92871,92877,92880,92888,92893,92899,92905,92910,92918,92924,92931,92933,92963],[10,90719,13,90721,18],{"id":90720},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90722,36367],{},[20,90724,32485,90725,90727],{},[15,90726,36367],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90729,90730,90731,90733,90734,90736,90737,90740],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90732,6129],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90735,36367],{}," stops ",[3924,90738,90739],{},"before"," the end value.",[32,90742,35],{"id":34},[37,90744,90746],{"className":39,"code":90745,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90747,90748,90764,90774,90778,90783,90788,90793,90798,90803],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90749,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90751,6129],{"class":1595},[46,90753,69707],{"class":52},[46,90755,1602],{"class":1595},[46,90757,54233],{"class":90},[46,90759,94],{"class":60},[46,90761,65],{"class":64},[46,90763,8514],{"class":60},[46,90765,90766,90768,90770,90772],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90767,8240],{"class":90},[46,90769,94],{"class":60},[46,90771,36323],{"class":102},[46,90773,215],{"class":60},[46,90775,90776],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,90777,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,90779,90780],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,90781,90782],{"class":3845},"# Output:\n",[46,90784,90785],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,90786,90787],{"class":3845},"# 0\n",[46,90789,90790],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,90791,90792],{"class":3845},"# 1\n",[46,90794,90795],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,90796,90797],{"class":3845},"# 2\n",[46,90799,90800],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,90801,90802],{"class":3845},"# 3\n",[46,90804,90805],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,90806,90807],{"class":3845},"# 4\n",[20,90809,90810,90813,90814,90816,90817,507],{},[15,90811,90812],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90815,554],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90818,65],{},[32,90820,167,90822,170],{"id":90821},"what-range-does",[15,90823,36367],{},[20,90825,90826,90828],{},[15,90827,36367],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90830,13219],{},[172,90832,90833,90838,90844,90849],{},[175,90834,90835,90837],{},[15,90836,36367],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[175,90839,90840,90841,90843],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90842,6129],{}," loops",[175,90845,90846,90847],{},"The stop value is ",[3924,90848,65230],{},[175,90850,17588,90851,90853],{},[15,90852,60158],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90855,90856],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[37,90858,90860],{"className":39,"code":90859,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90861,90862,90878],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90863,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90865,6129],{"class":1595},[46,90867,6559],{"class":52},[46,90869,1602],{"class":1595},[46,90871,54233],{"class":90},[46,90873,94],{"class":60},[46,90875,2249],{"class":64},[46,90877,8514],{"class":60},[46,90879,90880,90882,90884,90886],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90881,8240],{"class":90},[46,90883,94],{"class":60},[46,90885,2426],{"class":102},[46,90887,215],{"class":60},[20,90889,143],{},[37,90891,90893],{"className":39,"code":90892,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90894,90895,90899,90903],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90896,90897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90898,561],{"class":64},[46,90900,90901],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90902,153],{"class":64},[46,90904,90905],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,90906,17222],{"class":64},[20,90908,90909,90910,507],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[501,90911,36197],{"href":36196},[32,90913,90915,90917],{"id":90914},"range-syntax",[15,90916,36367],{}," syntax",[20,90919,90920,90922],{},[15,90921,36367],{}," has three common forms:",[37,90924,90926],{"className":39,"code":90925,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90927,90928,90938,90953],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,90929,90930,90932,90934,90936],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,90931,60158],{"class":90},[46,90933,94],{"class":60},[46,90935,75580],{"class":102},[46,90937,215],{"class":60},[46,90939,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90951],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,90941,60158],{"class":90},[46,90943,94],{"class":60},[46,90945,36241],{"class":102},[46,90947,68],{"class":60},[46,90949,90950],{"class":102}," stop",[46,90952,215],{"class":60},[46,90954,90955,90957,90959,90961,90963,90965,90967,90970],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,90956,60158],{"class":90},[46,90958,94],{"class":60},[46,90960,36241],{"class":102},[46,90962,68],{"class":60},[46,90964,90950],{"class":102},[46,90966,68],{"class":60},[46,90968,90969],{"class":102}," step",[46,90971,215],{"class":60},[20,90973,90974],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[172,90976,90977,90982,90987],{},[175,90978,90979,90981],{},[15,90980,36241],{}," = first number",[175,90983,90984,90986],{},[15,90985,75580],{}," = end limit, not included",[175,90988,90989,90991],{},[15,90990,75583],{}," = amount to move each time",[283,90993,90995],{"id":90994},"rangestop",[15,90996,90997],{},"range(stop)",[20,90999,91000,91001,507],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91002,554],{},[37,91004,91006],{"className":39,"code":91005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91007,91008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91009,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020,91022,91024],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91011,91],{"class":90},[46,91013,94],{"class":60},[46,91015,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91017,94],{"class":60},[46,91019,60158],{"class":90},[46,91021,94],{"class":60},[46,91023,65],{"class":64},[46,91025,3099],{"class":60},[20,91027,143],{},[37,91029,91030],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91031,91032],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91033,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050,91052,91054],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91035,1152],{"class":60},[46,91037,554],{"class":64},[46,91039,68],{"class":60},[46,91041,81],{"class":64},[46,91043,68],{"class":60},[46,91045,71],{"class":64},[46,91047,68],{"class":60},[46,91049,312],{"class":64},[46,91051,68],{"class":60},[46,91053,2643],{"class":64},[46,91055,84],{"class":60},[283,91057,91059],{"id":91058},"rangestart-stop",[15,91060,91061],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91063,91064,91065,91067,91068,507],{},"This starts at ",[15,91066,36241],{}," and stops before ",[15,91069,75580],{},[37,91071,91073],{"className":39,"code":91072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91074,91075],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91076,91077,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91078,91],{"class":90},[46,91080,94],{"class":60},[46,91082,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91084,94],{"class":60},[46,91086,60158],{"class":90},[46,91088,94],{"class":60},[46,91090,2243],{"class":64},[46,91092,68],{"class":60},[46,91094,37811],{"class":64},[46,91096,3099],{"class":60},[20,91098,143],{},[37,91100,91102],{"className":39,"code":91101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91103,91104],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91105,91106,91108,91110,91112,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91107,1152],{"class":60},[46,91109,2243],{"class":64},[46,91111,68],{"class":60},[46,91113,312],{"class":64},[46,91115,68],{"class":60},[46,91117,2643],{"class":64},[46,91119,68],{"class":60},[46,91121,1508],{"class":64},[46,91123,84],{"class":60},[283,91125,91127],{"id":91126},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91128,91129],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91131,91132],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[37,91134,91136],{"className":39,"code":91135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91137,91138],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91139,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91141,91],{"class":90},[46,91143,94],{"class":60},[46,91145,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91147,94],{"class":60},[46,91149,60158],{"class":90},[46,91151,94],{"class":60},[46,91153,3175],{"class":64},[46,91155,68],{"class":60},[46,91157,6176],{"class":64},[46,91159,68],{"class":60},[46,91161,71],{"class":64},[46,91163,3099],{"class":60},[20,91165,143],{},[37,91167,91169],{"className":39,"code":91168,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91170,91171],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91172,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189,91191,91193],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91174,1152],{"class":60},[46,91176,3175],{"class":64},[46,91178,68],{"class":60},[46,91180,312],{"class":64},[46,91182,68],{"class":60},[46,91184,1508],{"class":64},[46,91186,68],{"class":60},[46,91188,6165],{"class":64},[46,91190,68],{"class":60},[46,91192,76],{"class":64},[46,91194,84],{"class":60},[32,91196,91198],{"id":91197},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91200,91201],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[283,91203,91205],{"id":91204},"range5",[15,91206,90812],{},[37,91208,91209],{"className":39,"code":91005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91210,91211],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91212,91213,91215,91217,91219,91221,91223,91225,91227],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91214,91],{"class":90},[46,91216,94],{"class":60},[46,91218,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91220,94],{"class":60},[46,91222,60158],{"class":90},[46,91224,94],{"class":60},[46,91226,65],{"class":64},[46,91228,3099],{"class":60},[20,91230,143],{},[37,91232,91233],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91234,91235],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91236,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245,91247,91249,91251,91253,91255,91257],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91238,1152],{"class":60},[46,91240,554],{"class":64},[46,91242,68],{"class":60},[46,91244,81],{"class":64},[46,91246,68],{"class":60},[46,91248,71],{"class":64},[46,91250,68],{"class":60},[46,91252,312],{"class":64},[46,91254,68],{"class":60},[46,91256,2643],{"class":64},[46,91258,84],{"class":60},[20,91260,91064,91261,91067,91263,507],{},[15,91262,554],{},[15,91264,65],{},[283,91266,91268],{"id":91267},"range2-6",[15,91269,91270],{},"range(2, 6)",[37,91272,91273],{"className":39,"code":91072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91274,91275],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91276,91277,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91278,91],{"class":90},[46,91280,94],{"class":60},[46,91282,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91284,94],{"class":60},[46,91286,60158],{"class":90},[46,91288,94],{"class":60},[46,91290,2243],{"class":64},[46,91292,68],{"class":60},[46,91294,37811],{"class":64},[46,91296,3099],{"class":60},[20,91298,143],{},[37,91300,91301],{"className":39,"code":91101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91302,91303],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91304,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91306,1152],{"class":60},[46,91308,2243],{"class":64},[46,91310,68],{"class":60},[46,91312,312],{"class":64},[46,91314,68],{"class":60},[46,91316,2643],{"class":64},[46,91318,68],{"class":60},[46,91320,1508],{"class":64},[46,91322,84],{"class":60},[20,91324,91064,91325,91067,91327,507],{},[15,91326,2243],{},[15,91328,80742],{},[283,91330,91332],{"id":91331},"range1-10-2",[15,91333,91334],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[37,91336,91337],{"className":39,"code":91135,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91338,91339],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91340,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91342,91],{"class":90},[46,91344,94],{"class":60},[46,91346,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91348,94],{"class":60},[46,91350,60158],{"class":90},[46,91352,94],{"class":60},[46,91354,3175],{"class":64},[46,91356,68],{"class":60},[46,91358,6176],{"class":64},[46,91360,68],{"class":60},[46,91362,71],{"class":64},[46,91364,3099],{"class":60},[20,91366,143],{},[37,91368,91369],{"className":39,"code":91168,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91370,91371],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91372,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91374,1152],{"class":60},[46,91376,3175],{"class":64},[46,91378,68],{"class":60},[46,91380,312],{"class":64},[46,91382,68],{"class":60},[46,91384,1508],{"class":64},[46,91386,68],{"class":60},[46,91388,6165],{"class":64},[46,91390,68],{"class":60},[46,91392,76],{"class":64},[46,91394,84],{"class":60},[20,91396,91397,91398,91400,91401,61461,91403,507],{},"This moves by ",[15,91399,2243],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91402,3175],{},[15,91404,2329],{},[283,91406,91408],{"id":91407},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91410,91411,91412,91414],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91413,36367],{}," count backward.",[37,91416,91418],{"className":39,"code":91417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91419,91420],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91421,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432,91434,91436,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91423,91],{"class":90},[46,91425,94],{"class":60},[46,91427,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91429,94],{"class":60},[46,91431,60158],{"class":90},[46,91433,94],{"class":60},[46,91435,65],{"class":64},[46,91437,68],{"class":60},[46,91439,4015],{"class":64},[46,91441,68],{"class":60},[46,91443,2408],{"class":56},[46,91445,3175],{"class":64},[46,91447,3099],{"class":60},[20,91449,143],{},[37,91451,91453],{"className":39,"code":91452,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91454,91455],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91456,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473,91475,91477],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91458,1152],{"class":60},[46,91460,65],{"class":64},[46,91462,68],{"class":60},[46,91464,2643],{"class":64},[46,91466,68],{"class":60},[46,91468,312],{"class":64},[46,91470,68],{"class":60},[46,91472,71],{"class":64},[46,91474,68],{"class":60},[46,91476,81],{"class":64},[46,91478,84],{"class":60},[20,91480,91481],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91483,91484],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[37,91486,91488],{"className":39,"code":91487,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91489,91490],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91491,91492,91494,91496,91498,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91493,91],{"class":90},[46,91495,94],{"class":60},[46,91497,8265],{"class":1270},[46,91499,94],{"class":60},[46,91501,60158],{"class":90},[46,91503,94],{"class":60},[46,91505,3175],{"class":64},[46,91507,68],{"class":60},[46,91509,1508],{"class":64},[46,91511,68],{"class":60},[46,91513,2408],{"class":56},[46,91515,3175],{"class":64},[46,91517,3099],{"class":60},[20,91519,143],{},[37,91521,91522],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91523,91524],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91525,91526],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91527,38463],{"class":60},[283,91529,91530,76742,91532],{"id":76966},[15,91531,75583],{},[15,91533,554],{},[20,91535,3023],{},[37,91537,91539],{"className":39,"code":91538,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91540,91541],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91542,91543,91545,91547,91549,91551,91553,91555,91557],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91544,60158],{"class":90},[46,91546,94],{"class":60},[46,91548,3175],{"class":64},[46,91550,68],{"class":60},[46,91552,1508],{"class":64},[46,91554,68],{"class":60},[46,91556,4015],{"class":64},[46,91558,215],{"class":60},[20,91560,77011,91561,91563],{},[15,91562,573],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[32,91565,578,91567,91569,91570,91572],{"id":91566},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91568,36367],{}," in a ",[15,91571,6129],{}," loop",[20,91574,91575,91577],{},[15,91576,36367],{}," is most useful when:",[172,91579,91580,91583,91586],{},[175,91581,91582],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[175,91584,91585],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[175,91587,91588,91589],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91590,91591],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91593,2393],{},[37,91595,91597],{"className":39,"code":91596,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91598,91599,91615],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91600,91601,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91602,6129],{"class":1595},[46,91604,69707],{"class":52},[46,91606,1602],{"class":1595},[46,91608,54233],{"class":90},[46,91610,94],{"class":60},[46,91612,2249],{"class":64},[46,91614,8514],{"class":60},[46,91616,91617,91619,91621,91623,91626,91628,91630,91632],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91618,8240],{"class":90},[46,91620,94],{"class":60},[46,91622,427],{"class":426},[46,91624,91625],{"class":430},"Loop number:",[46,91627,427],{"class":426},[46,91629,68],{"class":60},[46,91631,36298],{"class":102},[46,91633,215],{"class":60},[20,91635,143],{},[37,91637,91639],{"className":39,"code":91638,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91640,91641,91650,91658],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91642,91643,91646,91648],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91644,91645],{"class":52},"Loop number",[46,91647,198],{"class":60},[46,91649,38678],{"class":64},[46,91651,91652,91654,91656],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91653,91645],{"class":52},[46,91655,198],{"class":60},[46,91657,29782],{"class":64},[46,91659,91660,91662,91664],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,91661,91645],{"class":52},[46,91663,198],{"class":60},[46,91665,45754],{"class":64},[283,91667,91669],{"id":91668},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[37,91671,91673],{"className":39,"code":91672,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91674,91675,91691],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91676,91677,91679,91681,91683,91685,91687,91689],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91678,6129],{"class":1595},[46,91680,69707],{"class":52},[46,91682,1602],{"class":1595},[46,91684,54233],{"class":90},[46,91686,94],{"class":60},[46,91688,65],{"class":64},[46,91690,8514],{"class":60},[46,91692,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701,91703],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91694,8240],{"class":90},[46,91696,94],{"class":60},[46,91698,427],{"class":426},[46,91700,35036],{"class":430},[46,91702,427],{"class":426},[46,91704,215],{"class":60},[20,91706,91707,91708,91710],{},"This prints ",[15,91709,90376],{}," five times.",[283,91712,91714],{"id":91713},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[37,91716,91718],{"className":39,"code":91717,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91719,91720,91740],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91721,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736,91738],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91723,6129],{"class":1595},[46,91725,69707],{"class":52},[46,91727,1602],{"class":1595},[46,91729,54233],{"class":90},[46,91731,94],{"class":60},[46,91733,3175],{"class":64},[46,91735,68],{"class":60},[46,91737,2643],{"class":64},[46,91739,8514],{"class":60},[46,91741,91742,91744,91746,91748,91751,91753,91755,91757],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91743,8240],{"class":90},[46,91745,94],{"class":60},[46,91747,427],{"class":426},[46,91749,91750],{"class":430},"Current number is",[46,91752,427],{"class":426},[46,91754,68],{"class":60},[46,91756,36298],{"class":102},[46,91758,215],{"class":60},[20,91760,143],{},[37,91762,91764],{"className":39,"code":91763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91765,91766,91775,91783],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91767,91768,91771,91773],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91769,91770],{"class":52},"Current number ",[46,91772,1283],{"class":56},[46,91774,29782],{"class":64},[46,91776,91777,91779,91781],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91778,91770],{"class":52},[46,91780,1283],{"class":56},[46,91782,45754],{"class":64},[46,91784,91785,91787,91789],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,91786,91770],{"class":52},[46,91788,1283],{"class":56},[46,91790,2764],{"class":64},[283,91792,91794,91796],{"id":91793},"range-and-indexing",[15,91795,36367],{}," and indexing",[20,91798,91799],{},"You may see code like this:",[37,91801,91803],{"className":39,"code":91802,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91804,91805,91837,91841,91861],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91806,91807,91809,91811,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823,91825,91827,91829,91831,91833,91835],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91808,1398],{"class":52},[46,91810,57],{"class":56},[46,91812,61],{"class":60},[46,91814,427],{"class":426},[46,91816,501],{"class":430},[46,91818,427],{"class":426},[46,91820,68],{"class":60},[46,91822,438],{"class":426},[46,91824,4935],{"class":430},[46,91826,427],{"class":426},[46,91828,68],{"class":60},[46,91830,438],{"class":426},[46,91832,9908],{"class":430},[46,91834,427],{"class":426},[46,91836,84],{"class":60},[46,91838,91839],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91840,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,91842,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,91844,6129],{"class":1595},[46,91846,69707],{"class":52},[46,91848,1602],{"class":1595},[46,91850,54233],{"class":90},[46,91852,94],{"class":60},[46,91854,476],{"class":90},[46,91856,94],{"class":60},[46,91858,1415],{"class":102},[46,91860,69722],{"class":60},[46,91862,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,91864,8240],{"class":90},[46,91866,94],{"class":60},[46,91868,36323],{"class":102},[46,91870,68],{"class":60},[46,91872,6137],{"class":102},[46,91874,1152],{"class":60},[46,91876,36323],{"class":102},[46,91878,1161],{"class":60},[20,91880,143],{},[37,91882,91883],{"className":39,"code":36335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,91884,91885,91891,91897],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91886,91887,91889],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91888,554],{"class":64},[46,91890,36344],{"class":52},[46,91892,91893,91895],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91894,3175],{"class":64},[46,91896,36351],{"class":52},[46,91898,91899,91901],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,91900,2243],{"class":64},[46,91902,36358],{"class":52},[20,91904,91905,91906,91910],{},"This works, and it uses ",[501,91907,91908],{"href":503},[15,91909,498],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91912,91913],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[37,91915,91917],{"className":39,"code":91916,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91918,91919,91951,91955,91967],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91920,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945,91947,91949],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91922,1398],{"class":52},[46,91924,57],{"class":56},[46,91926,61],{"class":60},[46,91928,427],{"class":426},[46,91930,501],{"class":430},[46,91932,427],{"class":426},[46,91934,68],{"class":60},[46,91936,438],{"class":426},[46,91938,4935],{"class":430},[46,91940,427],{"class":426},[46,91942,68],{"class":60},[46,91944,438],{"class":426},[46,91946,9908],{"class":430},[46,91948,427],{"class":426},[46,91950,84],{"class":60},[46,91952,91953],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,91954,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,91956,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,91958,6129],{"class":1595},[46,91960,6132],{"class":52},[46,91962,1602],{"class":1595},[46,91964,6137],{"class":52},[46,91966,6566],{"class":60},[46,91968,91969,91971,91973,91975],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,91970,8240],{"class":90},[46,91972,94],{"class":60},[46,91974,23478],{"class":102},[46,91976,215],{"class":60},[20,91978,36762,91979,91984],{},[501,91980,91982],{"href":91981},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91983,35919],{}," is usually a better choice:",[37,91986,91988],{"className":39,"code":91987,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91989,91990,92022,92026,92046],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,91991,91992,91994,91996,91998,92000,92002,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,91993,1398],{"class":52},[46,91995,57],{"class":56},[46,91997,61],{"class":60},[46,91999,427],{"class":426},[46,92001,501],{"class":430},[46,92003,427],{"class":426},[46,92005,68],{"class":60},[46,92007,438],{"class":426},[46,92009,4935],{"class":430},[46,92011,427],{"class":426},[46,92013,68],{"class":60},[46,92015,438],{"class":426},[46,92017,9908],{"class":430},[46,92019,427],{"class":426},[46,92021,84],{"class":60},[46,92023,92024],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,92025,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,92027,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,92029,6129],{"class":1595},[46,92031,35991],{"class":52},[46,92033,68],{"class":60},[46,92035,6132],{"class":52},[46,92037,1602],{"class":1595},[46,92039,36001],{"class":90},[46,92041,94],{"class":60},[46,92043,1415],{"class":102},[46,92045,8514],{"class":60},[46,92047,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,92049,8240],{"class":90},[46,92051,94],{"class":60},[46,92053,36016],{"class":102},[46,92055,68],{"class":60},[46,92057,29674],{"class":102},[46,92059,215],{"class":60},[20,92061,79269,92062,507],{},[501,92063,36775,92064,36778],{"href":36774},[15,92065,35919],{},[32,92067,92069,92070,92072],{"id":92068},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92071,36367],{}," to a list",[20,92074,92075,92077],{},[15,92076,36367],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92079,92080,92081,198],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92082,24948],{},[37,92084,92086],{"className":39,"code":92085,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92087,92088],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92089,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92091,91],{"class":90},[46,92093,94],{"class":60},[46,92095,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92097,94],{"class":60},[46,92099,60158],{"class":90},[46,92101,94],{"class":60},[46,92103,2249],{"class":64},[46,92105,3099],{"class":60},[20,92107,143],{},[37,92109,92111],{"className":39,"code":92110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92112,92113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92114,92115,92117,92119,92121,92123,92125,92127],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92116,1152],{"class":60},[46,92118,554],{"class":64},[46,92120,68],{"class":60},[46,92122,81],{"class":64},[46,92124,68],{"class":60},[46,92126,71],{"class":64},[46,92128,84],{"class":60},[20,92130,33480],{},[172,92132,92133,92138,92141],{},[175,92134,92135,92136,42250],{},"learning how ",[15,92137,36367],{},[175,92139,92140],{},"checking your values",[175,92142,92143],{},"debugging code",[20,92145,5644],{},[37,92147,92149],{"className":39,"code":92148,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92150,92151,92165,92169,92179],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92152,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92154,53],{"class":52},[46,92156,57],{"class":56},[46,92158,54233],{"class":90},[46,92160,94],{"class":60},[46,92162,2691],{"class":64},[46,92164,215],{"class":60},[46,92166,92167],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,92168,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,92170,92171,92173,92175,92177],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,92172,91],{"class":90},[46,92174,94],{"class":60},[46,92176,103],{"class":102},[46,92178,215],{"class":60},[46,92180,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,92182,91],{"class":90},[46,92184,94],{"class":60},[46,92186,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92188,94],{"class":60},[46,92190,103],{"class":102},[46,92192,106],{"class":60},[20,92194,143],{},[37,92196,92198],{"className":39,"code":92197,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92199,92200,92214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92201,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92203,60158],{"class":90},[46,92205,94],{"class":60},[46,92207,554],{"class":64},[46,92209,68],{"class":60},[46,92211,2643],{"class":64},[46,92213,215],{"class":60},[46,92215,92216,92218,92220,92222,92224,92226,92228,92230,92232],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,92217,1152],{"class":60},[46,92219,554],{"class":64},[46,92221,68],{"class":60},[46,92223,81],{"class":64},[46,92225,68],{"class":60},[46,92227,71],{"class":64},[46,92229,68],{"class":60},[46,92231,312],{"class":64},[46,92233,84],{"class":60},[20,92235,92236,92237,10755,92239,92242],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92238,60158],{},[15,92240,92241],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[32,92244,4693],{"id":4692},[20,92246,33709,92247,507],{},[15,92248,36367],{},[283,92250,92252],{"id":92251},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92254,92255],{},"Many beginners think this:",[37,92257,92259],{"className":39,"code":92258,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92260,92261],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92262,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273,92275,92277,92279,92281],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92264,91],{"class":90},[46,92266,94],{"class":60},[46,92268,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92270,94],{"class":60},[46,92272,60158],{"class":90},[46,92274,94],{"class":60},[46,92276,3175],{"class":64},[46,92278,68],{"class":60},[46,92280,1508],{"class":64},[46,92282,3099],{"class":60},[20,92284,92285],{},"will produce:",[37,92287,92289],{"className":39,"code":92288,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92290,92291],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92292,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301,92303,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92294,1152],{"class":60},[46,92296,3175],{"class":64},[46,92298,68],{"class":60},[46,92300,71],{"class":64},[46,92302,68],{"class":60},[46,92304,312],{"class":64},[46,92306,68],{"class":60},[46,92308,2643],{"class":64},[46,92310,68],{"class":60},[46,92312,1508],{"class":64},[46,92314,84],{"class":60},[20,92316,92317],{},"But the real output is:",[37,92319,92320],{"className":39,"code":53668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,92321,92322],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92323,92324,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92325,1152],{"class":60},[46,92327,3175],{"class":64},[46,92329,68],{"class":60},[46,92331,71],{"class":64},[46,92333,68],{"class":60},[46,92335,312],{"class":64},[46,92337,68],{"class":60},[46,92339,2643],{"class":64},[46,92341,84],{"class":60},[20,92343,92344],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[283,92346,4754,92348,92350,92351],{"id":92347},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92349,90812],{}," starts at ",[15,92352,3175],{},[20,92354,37635,92355,19131,92357,507],{},[15,92356,554],{},[15,92358,3175],{},[37,92360,92361],{"className":39,"code":91005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,92362,92363],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92364,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373,92375,92377,92379],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92366,91],{"class":90},[46,92368,94],{"class":60},[46,92370,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92372,94],{"class":60},[46,92374,60158],{"class":90},[46,92376,94],{"class":60},[46,92378,65],{"class":64},[46,92380,3099],{"class":60},[20,92382,143],{},[37,92384,92385],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,92386,92387],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92388,92389,92391,92393,92395,92397,92399,92401,92403,92405,92407,92409],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92390,1152],{"class":60},[46,92392,554],{"class":64},[46,92394,68],{"class":60},[46,92396,81],{"class":64},[46,92398,68],{"class":60},[46,92400,71],{"class":64},[46,92402,68],{"class":60},[46,92404,312],{"class":64},[46,92406,68],{"class":60},[46,92408,2643],{"class":64},[46,92410,84],{"class":60},[283,92412,92414],{"id":92413},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92416,92417,92418,198],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92419,3144],{},[37,92421,92423],{"className":39,"code":92422,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92424,92425,92444,92448,92465],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92426,92427,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92428,92429],{"class":52},"user_number ",[46,92431,57],{"class":56},[46,92433,8414],{"class":90},[46,92435,94],{"class":60},[46,92437,427],{"class":426},[46,92439,42036],{"class":430},[46,92441,427],{"class":426},[46,92443,215],{"class":60},[46,92445,92446],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,92447,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,92449,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92463],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,92451,6129],{"class":1595},[46,92453,69707],{"class":52},[46,92455,1602],{"class":1595},[46,92457,54233],{"class":90},[46,92459,94],{"class":60},[46,92461,92462],{"class":102},"user_number",[46,92464,8514],{"class":60},[46,92466,92467,92469,92471,92473],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,92468,8240],{"class":90},[46,92470,94],{"class":60},[46,92472,36323],{"class":102},[46,92474,215],{"class":60},[20,92476,48673,92477,92479],{},[15,92478,3144],{}," returns a string.",[20,92481,10975],{},[37,92483,92485],{"className":39,"code":92484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92486,92487,92509,92513,92529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92488,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92490,92429],{"class":52},[46,92492,57],{"class":56},[46,92494,45441],{"class":1270},[46,92496,94],{"class":60},[46,92498,42626],{"class":90},[46,92500,94],{"class":60},[46,92502,427],{"class":426},[46,92504,42036],{"class":430},[46,92506,427],{"class":426},[46,92508,106],{"class":60},[46,92510,92511],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,92512,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,92514,92515,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,92516,6129],{"class":1595},[46,92518,69707],{"class":52},[46,92520,1602],{"class":1595},[46,92522,54233],{"class":90},[46,92524,94],{"class":60},[46,92526,92462],{"class":102},[46,92528,8514],{"class":60},[46,92530,92531,92533,92535,92537],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,92532,8240],{"class":90},[46,92534,94],{"class":60},[46,92536,36323],{"class":102},[46,92538,215],{"class":60},[20,92540,92541,92542,507],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[501,92543,50687,92544],{"href":50686},[15,92545,50690],{},[283,92547,92549,92550,92552,92553],{"id":92548},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92551,36241],{}," smaller than ",[15,92554,75580],{},[20,92556,92557],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[37,92559,92560],{"className":39,"code":91487,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,92561,92562],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92563,92564,92566,92568,92570,92572,92574,92576,92578,92580,92582,92584,92586,92588],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92565,91],{"class":90},[46,92567,94],{"class":60},[46,92569,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92571,94],{"class":60},[46,92573,60158],{"class":90},[46,92575,94],{"class":60},[46,92577,3175],{"class":64},[46,92579,68],{"class":60},[46,92581,1508],{"class":64},[46,92583,68],{"class":60},[46,92585,2408],{"class":56},[46,92587,3175],{"class":64},[46,92589,3099],{"class":60},[20,92591,143],{},[37,92593,92594],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,92595,92596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92597,92598],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92599,38463],{"class":60},[20,92601,92602],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[283,92604,25784,92606],{"id":92605},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92607,92608],{},"step = 0",[20,92610,77722],{},[37,92612,92614],{"className":39,"code":92613,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92615,92616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92617,92618,92620,92622,92624,92626,92628,92630,92632],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92619,60158],{"class":90},[46,92621,94],{"class":60},[46,92623,3175],{"class":64},[46,92625,68],{"class":60},[46,92627,6176],{"class":64},[46,92629,68],{"class":60},[46,92631,4015],{"class":64},[46,92633,215],{"class":60},[20,92635,92636],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[283,92638,1859,92640,92642],{"id":92639},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92641,36367],{}," is not a list",[20,92644,92645],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[37,92647,92649],{"className":39,"code":92648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92650,92651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92652,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92654,91],{"class":90},[46,92656,94],{"class":60},[46,92658,60158],{"class":90},[46,92660,94],{"class":60},[46,92662,65],{"class":64},[46,92664,106],{"class":60},[20,92666,143],{},[37,92668,92670],{"className":39,"code":92669,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92671,92672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92673,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92675,60158],{"class":90},[46,92677,94],{"class":60},[46,92679,554],{"class":64},[46,92681,68],{"class":60},[46,92683,1508],{"class":64},[46,92685,215],{"class":60},[20,92687,92688],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[37,92690,92691],{"className":39,"code":91005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,92692,92693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92694,92695,92697,92699,92701,92703,92705,92707,92709],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92696,91],{"class":90},[46,92698,94],{"class":60},[46,92700,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92702,94],{"class":60},[46,92704,60158],{"class":90},[46,92706,94],{"class":60},[46,92708,65],{"class":64},[46,92710,3099],{"class":60},[20,92712,143],{},[37,92714,92715],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,92716,92717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92718,92719,92721,92723,92725,92727,92729,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92720,1152],{"class":60},[46,92722,554],{"class":64},[46,92724,68],{"class":60},[46,92726,81],{"class":64},[46,92728,68],{"class":60},[46,92730,71],{"class":64},[46,92732,68],{"class":60},[46,92734,312],{"class":64},[46,92736,68],{"class":60},[46,92738,2643],{"class":64},[46,92740,84],{"class":60},[32,92742,92744],{"id":92743},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92746,9047,92747,82488],{},[15,92748,36367],{},[37,92750,92752],{"className":39,"code":92751,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92753,92754,92768,92786,92808,92836],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,92755,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,92757,91],{"class":90},[46,92759,94],{"class":60},[46,92761,60158],{"class":90},[46,92763,94],{"class":60},[46,92765,65],{"class":64},[46,92767,106],{"class":60},[46,92769,92770,92772,92774,92776,92778,92780,92782,92784],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,92771,91],{"class":90},[46,92773,94],{"class":60},[46,92775,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92777,94],{"class":60},[46,92779,60158],{"class":90},[46,92781,94],{"class":60},[46,92783,65],{"class":64},[46,92785,3099],{"class":60},[46,92787,92788,92790,92792,92794,92796,92798,92800,92802,92804,92806],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,92789,91],{"class":90},[46,92791,94],{"class":60},[46,92793,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92795,94],{"class":60},[46,92797,60158],{"class":90},[46,92799,94],{"class":60},[46,92801,2243],{"class":64},[46,92803,68],{"class":60},[46,92805,6532],{"class":64},[46,92807,3099],{"class":60},[46,92809,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824,92826,92828,92830,92832,92834],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,92811,91],{"class":90},[46,92813,94],{"class":60},[46,92815,8265],{"class":1270},[46,92817,94],{"class":60},[46,92819,60158],{"class":90},[46,92821,94],{"class":60},[46,92823,1494],{"class":64},[46,92825,68],{"class":60},[46,92827,4015],{"class":64},[46,92829,68],{"class":60},[46,92831,2408],{"class":56},[46,92833,2243],{"class":64},[46,92835,3099],{"class":60},[46,92837,92838,92840,92842,92844,92846,92848,92850,92852],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,92839,91],{"class":90},[46,92841,94],{"class":60},[46,92843,1889],{"class":1270},[46,92845,94],{"class":60},[46,92847,60158],{"class":90},[46,92849,94],{"class":60},[46,92851,65],{"class":64},[46,92853,3099],{"class":60},[20,92855,26176],{},[172,92857,92858,92861,92864],{},[175,92859,92860],{},"what values are being created",[175,92862,92863],{},"whether the direction is correct",[175,92865,92866,92867,24785],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92868,60158],{},[32,92870,1991],{"id":1990},[283,92872,12872,92874,92876],{"id":92873},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92875,36367],{}," include the last number?",[20,92878,92879],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[283,92881,5330,92883,92885,92886,2035],{"id":92882},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92884,90812],{}," start at ",[15,92887,554],{},[20,92889,92890,92891,507],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92892,554],{},[283,92894,2005,92896,92898],{"id":92895},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92897,36367],{}," count backward?",[20,92900,92901,92902,507],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92903,92904],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[283,92906,15069,92908,26211],{"id":92907},"is-range-a-list",[15,92909,36367],{},[20,92911,26214,92912,92914,92915,24106],{},[15,92913,60158],{}," object. Use ",[15,92916,92917],{},"list(range(...))",[283,92919,5330,92921,48847],{"id":92920},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92922,92923],{},"range(input())",[20,92925,92926,3669,92928,507],{},[15,92927,3144],{},[15,92929,92930],{},"int(input())",[32,92932,2065],{"id":2064},[172,92934,92935,92939,92945,92951,92957],{},[175,92936,92937],{},[501,92938,36197],{"href":36196},[175,92940,92941],{},[501,92942,13,92943,506],{"href":503},[15,92944,498],{},[175,92946,92947],{},[501,92948,13,92949,506],{"href":91981},[15,92950,35919],{},[175,92952,92953],{},[501,92954,37686,92955,36778],{"href":36774},[15,92956,35919],{},[175,92958,92959],{},[501,92960,50687,92961],{"href":50686},[15,92962,50690],{},[2103,92964,92965],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":92967},[92968,92969,92971,92977,92985,92992,92994,93006,93007,93019],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":90821,"depth":87,"text":92970},"What range() does",{"id":90914,"depth":87,"text":92972,"children":92973},"range() syntax",[92974,92975,92976],{"id":90994,"depth":109,"text":90997},{"id":91058,"depth":109,"text":91061},{"id":91126,"depth":109,"text":91129},{"id":91197,"depth":87,"text":91198,"children":92978},[92979,92980,92981,92982,92983],{"id":91204,"depth":109,"text":90812},{"id":91267,"depth":109,"text":91270},{"id":91331,"depth":109,"text":91334},{"id":91407,"depth":109,"text":91408},{"id":76966,"depth":109,"text":92984},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91566,"depth":87,"text":92986,"children":92987},"Using range() in a for loop",[92988,92989,92990],{"id":91668,"depth":109,"text":91669},{"id":91713,"depth":109,"text":91714},{"id":91793,"depth":109,"text":92991},"range() and indexing",{"id":92068,"depth":87,"text":92993},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":92995},[92996,92997,92999,93000,93002,93004],{"id":92251,"depth":109,"text":92252},{"id":92347,"depth":109,"text":92998},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92413,"depth":109,"text":92414},{"id":92548,"depth":109,"text":93001},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92605,"depth":109,"text":93003},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92639,"depth":109,"text":93005},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92743,"depth":87,"text":92744},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":93008},[93009,93011,93013,93015,93017],{"id":92873,"depth":109,"text":93010},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92882,"depth":109,"text":93012},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92895,"depth":109,"text":93014},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92907,"depth":109,"text":93016},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92920,"depth":109,"text":93018},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90715,"description":93020},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93027,"title":93028,"body":93029,"description":94702,"extension":2150,"meta":94703,"navigation":112,"path":94704,"seo":94705,"stem":94706,"__hash__":94707},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93030,"toc":94675},[93031,93040,93047,93064,93080,93082,93131,93139,93143,93146,93166,93168,93232,93234,93277,93280,93326,93328,93361,93371,93377,93385,93402,93404,93435,93437,93462,93467,93478,93481,93551,93553,93584,93589,93594,93611,93613,93664,93666,93699,93702,93709,93714,93718,93734,93736,93780,93782,93828,93831,93844,93849,93853,93867,93869,93920,93922,93955,93960,93962,93969,93971,93994,93996,94061,94063,94080,94083,94116,94118,94146,94156,94163,94167,94170,94188,94191,94219,94222,94240,94245,94251,94254,94276,94278,94306,94308,94311,94336,94339,94452,94454,94533,94535,94541,94546,94554,94562,94566,94569,94571,94604,94606,94614,94620,94627,94634,94637,94639,94672],[10,93032,13,93034,10755,93036,93039],{"id":93033},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93035,36367],{},[15,93037,93038],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93041,93042,2051,93044,93046],{},[15,93043,36367],{},[15,93045,93038],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[172,93048,93049,93057],{},[175,93050,93051,93053,93054],{},[15,93052,36367],{}," creates a ",[3924,93055,93056],{},"range object",[175,93058,93059,93053,93061],{},[15,93060,93038],{},[3924,93062,93063],{},"real list",[20,93065,93066,93067,93069,93070,93073,93074,93076,93077,93079],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93068,90812],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93071,93072],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93075,36367],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93078,93038],{}," when you actually need a list.",[32,93081,3792],{"id":3791},[37,93083,93085],{"className":39,"code":93084,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93086,93087,93101,93114],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93088,93089,93091,93093,93095,93097,93099],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93090,53],{"class":52},[46,93092,57],{"class":56},[46,93094,54233],{"class":90},[46,93096,94],{"class":60},[46,93098,65],{"class":64},[46,93100,215],{"class":60},[46,93102,93103,93105,93107,93109,93111],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93104,91],{"class":90},[46,93106,94],{"class":60},[46,93108,103],{"class":102},[46,93110,1592],{"class":60},[46,93112,93113],{"class":3845},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[46,93115,93116,93118,93120,93122,93124,93126,93128],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93117,91],{"class":90},[46,93119,94],{"class":60},[46,93121,8265],{"class":1270},[46,93123,94],{"class":60},[46,93125,103],{"class":102},[46,93127,5533],{"class":60},[46,93129,93130],{"class":3845},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93132,160,93133,93135,93136,93138],{},[15,93134,36367],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93137,93038],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[32,93140,93142],{"id":93141},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93144,93145],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[172,93147,93148,93155,93160,93163],{},[175,93149,93150,22142,93152,93154],{},[15,93151,36367],{},[3924,93153,93056],{},", not a list",[175,93156,93157,93159],{},[15,93158,93038],{}," converts that range object into a list",[175,93161,93162],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[175,93164,93165],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93167,2393],{},[37,93169,93171],{"className":39,"code":93170,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93172,93173,93188,93207,93211,93221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93174,93175,93178,93180,93182,93184,93186],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93176,93177],{"class":52},"r ",[46,93179,57],{"class":56},[46,93181,54233],{"class":90},[46,93183,94],{"class":60},[46,93185,65],{"class":64},[46,93187,215],{"class":60},[46,93189,93190,93193,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203,93205],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93191,93192],{"class":52},"lst ",[46,93194,57],{"class":56},[46,93196,22727],{"class":1270},[46,93198,94],{"class":60},[46,93200,60158],{"class":90},[46,93202,94],{"class":60},[46,93204,65],{"class":64},[46,93206,106],{"class":60},[46,93208,93209],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93210,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,93212,93213,93215,93217,93219],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,93214,91],{"class":90},[46,93216,94],{"class":60},[46,93218,60665],{"class":102},[46,93220,215],{"class":60},[46,93222,93223,93225,93227,93230],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,93224,91],{"class":90},[46,93226,94],{"class":60},[46,93228,93229],{"class":102},"lst",[46,93231,215],{"class":60},[20,93233,143],{},[37,93235,93237],{"className":39,"code":93236,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93238,93239,93253],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93240,93241,93243,93245,93247,93249,93251],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93242,60158],{"class":90},[46,93244,94],{"class":60},[46,93246,554],{"class":64},[46,93248,68],{"class":60},[46,93250,1508],{"class":64},[46,93252,215],{"class":60},[46,93254,93255,93257,93259,93261,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93256,1152],{"class":60},[46,93258,554],{"class":64},[46,93260,68],{"class":60},[46,93262,81],{"class":64},[46,93264,68],{"class":60},[46,93266,71],{"class":64},[46,93268,68],{"class":60},[46,93270,312],{"class":64},[46,93272,68],{"class":60},[46,93274,2643],{"class":64},[46,93276,84],{"class":60},[20,93278,93279],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[37,93281,93283],{"className":39,"code":93282,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93284,93285,93303],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93286,93287,93289,93291,93293,93295,93297,93299,93301],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93288,91],{"class":90},[46,93290,94],{"class":60},[46,93292,1889],{"class":1270},[46,93294,94],{"class":60},[46,93296,60158],{"class":90},[46,93298,94],{"class":60},[46,93300,65],{"class":64},[46,93302,3099],{"class":60},[46,93304,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321,93323],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93306,91],{"class":90},[46,93308,94],{"class":60},[46,93310,1889],{"class":1270},[46,93312,94],{"class":60},[46,93314,8265],{"class":1270},[46,93316,94],{"class":60},[46,93318,60158],{"class":90},[46,93320,94],{"class":60},[46,93322,65],{"class":64},[46,93324,93325],{"class":60},"))))\n",[20,93327,143],{},[37,93329,93331],{"className":39,"code":93330,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93332,93333,93347],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93334,93335,93337,93339,93341,93343,93345],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93336,3476],{"class":56},[46,93338,3479],{"class":1140},[46,93340,1197],{"class":426},[46,93342,60158],{"class":430},[46,93344,1188],{"class":426},[46,93346,3488],{"class":56},[46,93348,93349,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93350,3476],{"class":56},[46,93352,3479],{"class":1140},[46,93354,1197],{"class":426},[46,93356,8265],{"class":430},[46,93358,1188],{"class":426},[46,93360,3488],{"class":56},[20,93362,93363,93364,93366,93367,507],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93365,36367],{}," works, see ",[501,93368,13,93369,506],{"href":93022},[15,93370,36367],{},[32,93372,167,93374,93376],{"id":93373},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93375,36367],{}," gives you",[20,93378,93379,93381,93382,93384],{},[15,93380,36367],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93383,6129],{}," loops.",[172,93386,93387,93390,93393,93396],{},[175,93388,93389],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[175,93391,93392],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[175,93394,93395],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[175,93397,93398,93399],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93400,93401],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93403,2393],{},[37,93405,93407],{"className":39,"code":93406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93408,93409,93425],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93410,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93412,6129],{"class":1595},[46,93414,69707],{"class":52},[46,93416,1602],{"class":1595},[46,93418,54233],{"class":90},[46,93420,94],{"class":60},[46,93422,65],{"class":64},[46,93424,8514],{"class":60},[46,93426,93427,93429,93431,93433],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93428,8240],{"class":90},[46,93430,94],{"class":60},[46,93432,36323],{"class":102},[46,93434,215],{"class":60},[20,93436,143],{},[37,93438,93440],{"className":39,"code":93439,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93441,93442,93446,93450,93454,93458],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93443,93444],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93445,561],{"class":64},[46,93447,93448],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93449,153],{"class":64},[46,93451,93452],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93453,17222],{"class":64},[46,93455,93456],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,93457,46782],{"class":64},[46,93459,93460],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,93461,48813],{"class":64},[20,93463,20938,93464,93466],{},[15,93465,90812],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93468,93469,93470,93472,93473,507],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93471,36367],{}," is so common with ",[501,93474,13,93476,90843],{"href":93475},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93477,6129],{},[20,93479,93480],{},"You can also inspect it:",[37,93482,93484],{"className":39,"code":93483,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93485,93486,93508,93512,93522,93536],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93487,93488,93490,93492,93494,93496,93498,93500,93502,93504,93506],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93489,93177],{"class":52},[46,93491,57],{"class":56},[46,93493,54233],{"class":90},[46,93495,94],{"class":60},[46,93497,2243],{"class":64},[46,93499,68],{"class":60},[46,93501,6176],{"class":64},[46,93503,68],{"class":60},[46,93505,71],{"class":64},[46,93507,215],{"class":60},[46,93509,93510],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93511,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,93513,93514,93516,93518,93520],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93515,91],{"class":90},[46,93517,94],{"class":60},[46,93519,60665],{"class":102},[46,93521,215],{"class":60},[46,93523,93524,93526,93528,93530,93532,93534],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,93525,91],{"class":90},[46,93527,94],{"class":60},[46,93529,476],{"class":90},[46,93531,94],{"class":60},[46,93533,60665],{"class":102},[46,93535,106],{"class":60},[46,93537,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93549],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,93539,91],{"class":90},[46,93541,94],{"class":60},[46,93543,80742],{"class":64},[46,93545,21341],{"class":1595},[46,93547,93548],{"class":102}," r",[46,93550,215],{"class":60},[20,93552,143],{},[37,93554,93556],{"className":39,"code":93555,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93557,93558,93576,93580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93559,93560,93562,93564,93566,93568,93570,93572,93574],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93561,60158],{"class":90},[46,93563,94],{"class":60},[46,93565,2243],{"class":64},[46,93567,68],{"class":60},[46,93569,6176],{"class":64},[46,93571,68],{"class":60},[46,93573,71],{"class":64},[46,93575,215],{"class":60},[46,93577,93578],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93579,48813],{"class":64},[46,93581,93582],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93583,4157],{"class":1325},[32,93585,167,93587,93376],{"id":93586},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93588,93038],{},[20,93590,93591,93593],{},[15,93592,93038],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[172,93595,93596,93599,93602,93605],{},[175,93597,93598],{},"It creates all values at once",[175,93600,93601],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[175,93603,93604],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[175,93606,93607,93608,93610],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93609,36367],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93612,2393],{},[37,93614,93616],{"className":39,"code":93615,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93617,93618,93636,93640,93650],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93619,93620,93622,93624,93626,93628,93630,93632,93634],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93621,53],{"class":52},[46,93623,57],{"class":56},[46,93625,22727],{"class":1270},[46,93627,94],{"class":60},[46,93629,60158],{"class":90},[46,93631,94],{"class":60},[46,93633,65],{"class":64},[46,93635,106],{"class":60},[46,93637,93638],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93639,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,93641,93642,93644,93646,93648],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93643,91],{"class":90},[46,93645,94],{"class":60},[46,93647,103],{"class":102},[46,93649,215],{"class":60},[46,93651,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,93653,91],{"class":90},[46,93655,94],{"class":60},[46,93657,103],{"class":102},[46,93659,1152],{"class":60},[46,93661,2243],{"class":64},[46,93663,1161],{"class":60},[20,93665,143],{},[37,93667,93669],{"className":39,"code":93668,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93670,93671,93695],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93672,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93691,93693],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93674,1152],{"class":60},[46,93676,554],{"class":64},[46,93678,68],{"class":60},[46,93680,81],{"class":64},[46,93682,68],{"class":60},[46,93684,71],{"class":64},[46,93686,68],{"class":60},[46,93688,312],{"class":64},[46,93690,68],{"class":60},[46,93692,2643],{"class":64},[46,93694,84],{"class":60},[46,93696,93697],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93698,17222],{"class":64},[20,93700,93701],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93703,93704,93705,507],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[501,93706,13,93707,506],{"href":65008},[15,93708,24948],{},[32,93710,1794,93712],{"id":93711},"when-to-use-range",[15,93713,36367],{},[20,93715,160,93716,1801],{},[15,93717,36367],{},[172,93719,93720,93725,93728,93731],{},[175,93721,93722,93723,91572],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93724,6129],{},[175,93726,93727],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[175,93729,93730],{},"You are working with large sequences",[175,93732,93733],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93735,2393],{},[37,93737,93739],{"className":39,"code":93738,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93740,93741,93761],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93742,93743,93745,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757,93759],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93744,6129],{"class":1595},[46,93746,69707],{"class":52},[46,93748,1602],{"class":1595},[46,93750,54233],{"class":90},[46,93752,94],{"class":60},[46,93754,3175],{"class":64},[46,93756,68],{"class":60},[46,93758,37811],{"class":64},[46,93760,8514],{"class":60},[46,93762,93763,93765,93767,93769,93772,93774,93776,93778],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93764,8240],{"class":90},[46,93766,94],{"class":60},[46,93768,427],{"class":426},[46,93770,93771],{"class":430},"Count:",[46,93773,427],{"class":426},[46,93775,68],{"class":60},[46,93777,36298],{"class":102},[46,93779,215],{"class":60},[20,93781,143],{},[37,93783,93785],{"className":39,"code":93784,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93786,93787,93796,93804,93812,93820],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93788,93789,93792,93794],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93790,93791],{"class":52},"Count",[46,93793,198],{"class":60},[46,93795,29782],{"class":64},[46,93797,93798,93800,93802],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93799,93791],{"class":52},[46,93801,198],{"class":60},[46,93803,45754],{"class":64},[46,93805,93806,93808,93810],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93807,93791],{"class":52},[46,93809,198],{"class":60},[46,93811,2764],{"class":64},[46,93813,93814,93816,93818],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,93815,93791],{"class":52},[46,93817,198],{"class":60},[46,93819,23831],{"class":64},[46,93821,93822,93824,93826],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,93823,93791],{"class":52},[46,93825,198],{"class":60},[46,93827,35011],{"class":64},[20,93829,93830],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93832,93833,93834,93836,93837,62448,93839,507],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93835,35919],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93838,36768],{},[501,93840,36775,93842,36778],{"href":93841},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93843,35919],{},[32,93845,1794,93847],{"id":93846},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93848,93038],{},[20,93850,160,93851,1801],{},[15,93852,93038],{},[172,93854,93855,93858,93861,93864],{},[175,93856,93857],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[175,93859,93860],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[175,93862,93863],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[175,93865,93866],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93868,2393],{},[37,93870,93872],{"className":39,"code":93871,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93873,93874,93892,93906,93910],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93875,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93877,53],{"class":52},[46,93879,57],{"class":56},[46,93881,22727],{"class":1270},[46,93883,94],{"class":60},[46,93885,60158],{"class":90},[46,93887,94],{"class":60},[46,93889,65],{"class":64},[46,93891,106],{"class":60},[46,93893,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,93895,103],{"class":52},[46,93897,507],{"class":60},[46,93899,13720],{"class":102},[46,93901,94],{"class":60},[46,93903,65],{"class":64},[46,93905,215],{"class":60},[46,93907,93908],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,93909,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,93911,93912,93914,93916,93918],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,93913,91],{"class":90},[46,93915,94],{"class":60},[46,93917,103],{"class":102},[46,93919,215],{"class":60},[20,93921,143],{},[37,93923,93925],{"className":39,"code":93924,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93926,93927],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,93928,93929,93931,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947,93949,93951,93953],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,93930,1152],{"class":60},[46,93932,554],{"class":64},[46,93934,68],{"class":60},[46,93936,81],{"class":64},[46,93938,68],{"class":60},[46,93940,71],{"class":64},[46,93942,68],{"class":60},[46,93944,312],{"class":64},[46,93946,68],{"class":60},[46,93948,2643],{"class":64},[46,93950,68],{"class":60},[46,93952,1508],{"class":64},[46,93954,84],{"class":60},[20,93956,6232,93957,93959],{},[15,93958,103],{}," is a list.",[32,93961,15763],{"id":15762},[20,93963,93964,93966,93967,507],{},[15,93965,36367],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3924,93968,37765],{},[20,93970,2293],{},[172,93972,93973,93975,93980,93985,93988],{},[175,93974,22152],{},[175,93976,93977,93978],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93979,498],{},[175,93981,93982,93983],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93984,1602],{},[175,93986,93987],{},"You can index it",[175,93989,93990,93991,93993],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93992,52815],{}," do not work on it",[20,93995,2393],{},[37,93997,93999],{"className":39,"code":93998,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94000,94001,94015,94019,94033,94047],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94002,94003,94005,94007,94009,94011,94013],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94004,93177],{"class":52},[46,94006,57],{"class":56},[46,94008,54233],{"class":90},[46,94010,94],{"class":60},[46,94012,65],{"class":64},[46,94014,215],{"class":60},[46,94016,94017],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94018,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,94020,94021,94023,94025,94027,94029,94031],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,94022,91],{"class":90},[46,94024,94],{"class":60},[46,94026,60665],{"class":102},[46,94028,1152],{"class":60},[46,94030,2243],{"class":64},[46,94032,1161],{"class":60},[46,94034,94035,94037,94039,94041,94043,94045],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,94036,91],{"class":90},[46,94038,94],{"class":60},[46,94040,476],{"class":90},[46,94042,94],{"class":60},[46,94044,60665],{"class":102},[46,94046,106],{"class":60},[46,94048,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,94050,91],{"class":90},[46,94052,94],{"class":60},[46,94054,2249],{"class":64},[46,94056,21341],{"class":1595},[46,94058,93548],{"class":102},[46,94060,215],{"class":60},[20,94062,143],{},[37,94064,94066],{"className":39,"code":94065,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94067,94068,94072,94076],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94069,94070],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94071,17222],{"class":64},[46,94073,94074],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94075,1626],{"class":64},[46,94077,94078],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,94079,4157],{"class":1325},[20,94081,94082],{},"Now compare that with this:",[37,94084,94086],{"className":39,"code":94085,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94087,94088,94102],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94089,94090,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94091,93177],{"class":52},[46,94093,57],{"class":56},[46,94095,54233],{"class":90},[46,94097,94],{"class":60},[46,94099,65],{"class":64},[46,94101,215],{"class":60},[46,94103,94104,94106,94108,94110,94112,94114],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94105,60665],{"class":52},[46,94107,507],{"class":60},[46,94109,13720],{"class":102},[46,94111,94],{"class":60},[46,94113,65],{"class":64},[46,94115,215],{"class":60},[20,94117,143],{},[37,94119,94121],{"className":39,"code":94120,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94122,94123],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94124,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133,94135,94137,94140,94142,94144],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94126,25839],{"class":1270},[46,94128,198],{"class":60},[46,94130,1197],{"class":426},[46,94132,60158],{"class":430},[46,94134,1188],{"class":426},[46,94136,24785],{"class":1270},[46,94138,94139],{"class":52}," has no attribute ",[46,94141,1188],{"class":426},[46,94143,13720],{"class":430},[46,94145,29867],{"class":426},[20,94147,94148,94149,2374,94151,2378,94153,94155],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94150,52815],{},[15,94152,55691],{},[15,94154,64472],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94157,94158,94159,507],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[501,94160,25847,94161],{"href":35589},[15,94162,34424],{},[32,94164,94166],{"id":94165},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94168,94169],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[37,94171,94172],{"className":39,"code":92648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,94173,94174],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94175,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94177,91],{"class":90},[46,94179,94],{"class":60},[46,94181,60158],{"class":90},[46,94183,94],{"class":60},[46,94185,65],{"class":64},[46,94187,106],{"class":60},[20,94189,94190],{},"to show:",[37,94192,94193],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,94194,94195],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94196,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205,94207,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94198,1152],{"class":60},[46,94200,554],{"class":64},[46,94202,68],{"class":60},[46,94204,81],{"class":64},[46,94206,68],{"class":60},[46,94208,71],{"class":64},[46,94210,68],{"class":60},[46,94212,312],{"class":64},[46,94214,68],{"class":60},[46,94216,2643],{"class":64},[46,94218,84],{"class":60},[20,94220,94221],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[37,94223,94224],{"className":39,"code":92669,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,94225,94226],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94227,94228,94230,94232,94234,94236,94238],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94229,60158],{"class":90},[46,94231,94],{"class":60},[46,94233,554],{"class":64},[46,94235,68],{"class":60},[46,94237,1508],{"class":64},[46,94239,215],{"class":60},[20,94241,4802,94242,94244],{},[3924,94243,4805],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94246,94247,94248,94250],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3924,94249,93056],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94252,94253],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[37,94255,94256],{"className":39,"code":91005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,94257,94258],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94259,94260,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94261,91],{"class":90},[46,94263,94],{"class":60},[46,94265,8265],{"class":1270},[46,94267,94],{"class":60},[46,94269,60158],{"class":90},[46,94271,94],{"class":60},[46,94273,65],{"class":64},[46,94275,3099],{"class":60},[20,94277,143],{},[37,94279,94280],{"className":39,"code":60181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,94281,94282],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94283,94284,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94296,94298,94300,94302,94304],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94285,1152],{"class":60},[46,94287,554],{"class":64},[46,94289,68],{"class":60},[46,94291,81],{"class":64},[46,94293,68],{"class":60},[46,94295,71],{"class":64},[46,94297,68],{"class":60},[46,94299,312],{"class":64},[46,94301,68],{"class":60},[46,94303,2643],{"class":64},[46,94305,84],{"class":60},[32,94307,1834],{"id":1833},[20,94309,94310],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[172,94312,94313,94319,94322,94328],{},[175,94314,578,94315,94318],{},[15,94316,94317],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[175,94320,94321],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[175,94323,94324,94325,94327],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94326,36367],{}," is iterable but not a list",[175,94329,578,94330,94332,94333,94335],{},[15,94331,93038],{}," when plain ",[15,94334,36367],{}," would be simpler",[20,94337,94338],{},"These quick checks can help:",[37,94340,94342],{"className":39,"code":94341,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94343,94344,94358,94376,94394,94416,94434],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94345,94346,94348,94350,94352,94354,94356],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94347,91],{"class":90},[46,94349,94],{"class":60},[46,94351,60158],{"class":90},[46,94353,94],{"class":60},[46,94355,65],{"class":64},[46,94357,106],{"class":60},[46,94359,94360,94362,94364,94366,94368,94370,94372,94374],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94361,91],{"class":90},[46,94363,94],{"class":60},[46,94365,8265],{"class":1270},[46,94367,94],{"class":60},[46,94369,60158],{"class":90},[46,94371,94],{"class":60},[46,94373,65],{"class":64},[46,94375,3099],{"class":60},[46,94377,94378,94380,94382,94384,94386,94388,94390,94392],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,94379,91],{"class":90},[46,94381,94],{"class":60},[46,94383,1889],{"class":1270},[46,94385,94],{"class":60},[46,94387,60158],{"class":90},[46,94389,94],{"class":60},[46,94391,65],{"class":64},[46,94393,3099],{"class":60},[46,94395,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,94397,91],{"class":90},[46,94399,94],{"class":60},[46,94401,1889],{"class":1270},[46,94403,94],{"class":60},[46,94405,8265],{"class":1270},[46,94407,94],{"class":60},[46,94409,60158],{"class":90},[46,94411,94],{"class":60},[46,94413,65],{"class":64},[46,94415,93325],{"class":60},[46,94417,94418,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430,94432],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,94419,91],{"class":90},[46,94421,94],{"class":60},[46,94423,2249],{"class":64},[46,94425,21341],{"class":1595},[46,94427,54233],{"class":90},[46,94429,94],{"class":60},[46,94431,65],{"class":64},[46,94433,106],{"class":60},[46,94435,94436,94438,94440,94442,94444,94446,94448,94450],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,94437,91],{"class":90},[46,94439,94],{"class":60},[46,94441,476],{"class":90},[46,94443,94],{"class":60},[46,94445,60158],{"class":90},[46,94447,94],{"class":60},[46,94449,65],{"class":64},[46,94451,3099],{"class":60},[20,94453,143],{},[37,94455,94457],{"className":39,"code":94456,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94458,94459,94473,94497,94511,94525,94529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94460,94461,94463,94465,94467,94469,94471],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94462,60158],{"class":90},[46,94464,94],{"class":60},[46,94466,554],{"class":64},[46,94468,68],{"class":60},[46,94470,1508],{"class":64},[46,94472,215],{"class":60},[46,94474,94475,94477,94479,94481,94483,94485,94487,94489,94491,94493,94495],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94476,1152],{"class":60},[46,94478,554],{"class":64},[46,94480,68],{"class":60},[46,94482,81],{"class":64},[46,94484,68],{"class":60},[46,94486,71],{"class":64},[46,94488,68],{"class":60},[46,94490,312],{"class":64},[46,94492,68],{"class":60},[46,94494,2643],{"class":64},[46,94496,84],{"class":60},[46,94498,94499,94501,94503,94505,94507,94509],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,94500,3476],{"class":56},[46,94502,3479],{"class":1140},[46,94504,1197],{"class":426},[46,94506,60158],{"class":430},[46,94508,1188],{"class":426},[46,94510,3488],{"class":56},[46,94512,94513,94515,94517,94519,94521,94523],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,94514,3476],{"class":56},[46,94516,3479],{"class":1140},[46,94518,1197],{"class":426},[46,94520,8265],{"class":430},[46,94522,1188],{"class":426},[46,94524,3488],{"class":56},[46,94526,94527],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,94528,4157],{"class":1325},[46,94530,94531],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,94532,1626],{"class":64},[32,94534,1991],{"id":1990},[283,94536,15069,94538,94540],{"id":94537},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94539,36367],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94542,46530,94543,94545],{},[15,94544,36367],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[283,94547,94549,94550,11260,94552,2035],{"id":94548},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94551,36367],{},[15,94553,93038],{},[20,94555,94556,94558,94559,94561],{},[15,94557,36367],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94560,93038],{}," creates a full list.",[283,94563,94565],{"id":94564},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94567,94568],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94570,2393],{},[37,94572,94574],{"className":39,"code":94573,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94575,94576,94590],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94577,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94579,93177],{"class":52},[46,94581,57],{"class":56},[46,94583,54233],{"class":90},[46,94585,94],{"class":60},[46,94587,65],{"class":64},[46,94589,215],{"class":60},[46,94591,94592,94594,94596,94598,94600,94602],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94593,91],{"class":90},[46,94595,94],{"class":60},[46,94597,60665],{"class":102},[46,94599,1152],{"class":60},[46,94601,3175],{"class":64},[46,94603,1161],{"class":60},[20,94605,143],{},[37,94607,94608],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,94609,94610],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94611,94612],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94613,153],{"class":64},[283,94615,5330,94617,94619],{"id":94616},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94618,94317],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94621,94622,94623,94626],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94624,94625],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[283,94628,94630,94631,94633],{"id":94629},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94632,36367],{}," to a list?",[20,94635,94636],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[32,94638,2065],{"id":2064},[172,94640,94641,94647,94653,94660,94666],{},[175,94642,94643],{},[501,94644,13,94645,506],{"href":93022},[15,94646,36367],{},[175,94648,94649],{},[501,94650,13,94651,506],{"href":65008},[15,94652,24948],{},[175,94654,94655],{},[501,94656,13,94657,94659],{"href":93475},[15,94658,6129],{}," loops explained",[175,94661,94662],{},[501,94663,37686,94664,36778],{"href":93841},[15,94665,35919],{},[175,94667,94668],{},[501,94669,26290,94670],{"href":35589},[15,94671,34424],{},[2103,94673,94674],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":94676},[94677,94678,94679,94681,94683,94685,94687,94688,94689,94690,94701],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":93141,"depth":87,"text":93142},{"id":93373,"depth":87,"text":94680},"What range() gives you",{"id":93586,"depth":87,"text":94682},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93711,"depth":87,"text":94684},"When to use range()",{"id":93846,"depth":87,"text":94686},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15762,"depth":87,"text":15763},{"id":94165,"depth":87,"text":94166},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":94691},[94692,94694,94696,94697,94699],{"id":94537,"depth":109,"text":94693},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94548,"depth":109,"text":94695},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94564,"depth":109,"text":94565},{"id":94616,"depth":109,"text":94698},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94629,"depth":109,"text":94700},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93028,"description":94702},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94709,"title":94710,"body":94711,"description":96147,"extension":2150,"meta":96148,"navigation":112,"path":96149,"seo":96150,"stem":96151,"__hash__":96152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94712,"toc":96113},[94713,94719,94724,94727,94741,94744,94746,94785,94787,94800,94808,94813,94829,94832,94834,94836,94857,94874,94877,94936,94938,94957,94962,94968,94971,95005,95007,95020,95023,95068,95070,95093,95100,95106,95109,95150,95152,95166,95169,95227,95229,95244,95257,95263,95269,95334,95336,95355,95357,95375,95378,95382,95388,95390,95423,95425,95438,95448,95451,95512,95514,95535,95538,95540,95556,95561,95565,95570,95575,95631,95633,95651,95654,95699,95701,95709,95714,95718,95732,95734,95766,95768,95777,95779,95783,95792,95795,95827,95829,95841,95844,95848,95853,95894,95896,95904,95907,95930,95934,95936,95945,95948,96001,96003,96012,96016,96021,96032,96034,96043,96046,96052,96055,96061,96071,96079,96086,96088,96110],[10,94714,13,94716,18],{"id":94715},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94717,94718],{},"round()",[20,94720,9295,94721,94723],{},[15,94722,94718],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94725,94726],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[172,94728,94729,94735],{},[175,94730,94731,94734],{},[15,94732,94733],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[175,94736,94737,94740],{},[15,94738,94739],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94742,94743],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[32,94745,35],{"id":34},[37,94747,94749],{"className":39,"code":94748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94750,94751,94767],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94752,94753,94755,94757,94760,94762,94765],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94754,91],{"class":90},[46,94756,94],{"class":60},[46,94758,94759],{"class":90},"round",[46,94761,94],{"class":60},[46,94763,94764],{"class":64},"3.14159",[46,94766,106],{"class":60},[46,94768,94769,94771,94773,94775,94777,94779,94781,94783],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94770,91],{"class":90},[46,94772,94],{"class":60},[46,94774,94759],{"class":90},[46,94776,94],{"class":60},[46,94778,94764],{"class":64},[46,94780,68],{"class":60},[46,94782,71],{"class":64},[46,94784,106],{"class":60},[20,94786,143],{},[37,94788,94790],{"className":39,"code":94789,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94791,94792,94796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94793,94794],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94795,46782],{"class":64},[46,94797,94798],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94799,40343],{"class":64},[20,94801,160,94802,94804,94805,94807],{},[15,94803,94733],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94806,94739],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[32,94809,167,94811,170],{"id":94810},"what-round-does",[15,94812,94718],{},[172,94814,94815,94820,94823,94826],{},[175,94816,94817,94819],{},[15,94818,94718],{}," is a built-in Python function",[175,94821,94822],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[175,94824,94825],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[175,94827,94828],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94830,94831],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[32,94833,2343],{"id":2342},[20,94835,2346],{},[37,94837,94839],{"className":39,"code":94838,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94840,94841],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94842,94843,94845,94847,94849,94852,94855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94844,94759],{"class":90},[46,94846,94],{"class":60},[46,94848,2426],{"class":102},[46,94850,94851],{"class":60},"[,",[46,94853,94854],{"class":102}," ndigits",[46,94856,1161],{"class":60},[172,94858,94859,94864,94869],{},[175,94860,94861,94863],{},[15,94862,2426],{}," is the value to round",[175,94865,94866,20206],{},[15,94867,94868],{},"ndigits",[175,94870,94871,94873],{},[15,94872,94868],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94875,94876],{},"Basic examples:",[37,94878,94880],{"className":39,"code":94879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94881,94882,94897,94915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94883,94884,94886,94888,94890,94892,94895],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94885,91],{"class":90},[46,94887,94],{"class":60},[46,94889,94759],{"class":90},[46,94891,94],{"class":60},[46,94893,94894],{"class":64},"7.8",[46,94896,106],{"class":60},[46,94898,94899,94901,94903,94905,94907,94909,94911,94913],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94900,91],{"class":90},[46,94902,94],{"class":60},[46,94904,94759],{"class":90},[46,94906,94],{"class":60},[46,94908,94894],{"class":64},[46,94910,68],{"class":60},[46,94912,81],{"class":64},[46,94914,106],{"class":60},[46,94916,94917,94919,94921,94923,94925,94928,94930,94932,94934],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,94918,91],{"class":90},[46,94920,94],{"class":60},[46,94922,94759],{"class":90},[46,94924,94],{"class":60},[46,94926,94927],{"class":64},"1234",[46,94929,68],{"class":60},[46,94931,2408],{"class":56},[46,94933,2243],{"class":64},[46,94935,106],{"class":60},[20,94937,143],{},[37,94939,94941],{"className":39,"code":94940,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94942,94943,94947,94952],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94944,94945],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94946,2567],{"class":64},[46,94948,94949],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94950,94951],{"class":64},"7.8\n",[46,94953,94954],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,94955,94956],{"class":64},"1200\n",[20,94958,94959,94960,507],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[501,94961,2606],{"href":2605},[32,94963,578,94965,94967],{"id":94964},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94966,94718],{}," with one argument",[20,94969,94970],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[37,94972,94974],{"className":39,"code":94973,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94975,94976,94990],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,94977,94978,94980,94982,94984,94986,94988],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,94979,91],{"class":90},[46,94981,94],{"class":60},[46,94983,94759],{"class":90},[46,94985,94],{"class":60},[46,94987,2548],{"class":64},[46,94989,106],{"class":60},[46,94991,94992,94994,94996,94998,95000,95003],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,94993,91],{"class":90},[46,94995,94],{"class":60},[46,94997,94759],{"class":90},[46,94999,94],{"class":60},[46,95001,95002],{"class":64},"4.8",[46,95004,106],{"class":60},[20,95006,143],{},[37,95008,95010],{"className":39,"code":95009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4\n5\n",[15,95011,95012,95016],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95013,95014],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95015,48813],{"class":64},[46,95017,95018],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95019,1626],{"class":64},[20,95021,95022],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[37,95024,95026],{"className":39,"code":95025,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95027,95028,95044,95054],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95029,95030,95032,95034,95037,95039,95042],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95031,2416],{"class":52},[46,95033,57],{"class":56},[46,95035,95036],{"class":90}," round",[46,95038,94],{"class":60},[46,95040,95041],{"class":64},"10.2",[46,95043,215],{"class":60},[46,95045,95046,95048,95050,95052],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95047,91],{"class":90},[46,95049,94],{"class":60},[46,95051,2451],{"class":102},[46,95053,215],{"class":60},[46,95055,95056,95058,95060,95062,95064,95066],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95057,91],{"class":90},[46,95059,94],{"class":60},[46,95061,1889],{"class":1270},[46,95063,94],{"class":60},[46,95065,2451],{"class":102},[46,95067,106],{"class":60},[20,95069,143],{},[37,95071,95073],{"className":39,"code":95072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95074,95075,95079],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95076,95077],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95078,2562],{"class":64},[46,95080,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95082,3476],{"class":56},[46,95084,3479],{"class":1140},[46,95086,1197],{"class":426},[46,95088,1584],{"class":430},[46,95090,1188],{"class":426},[46,95092,3488],{"class":56},[20,95094,95095,95096,507],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[501,95097,13,95098,506],{"href":3061},[15,95099,3064],{},[32,95101,578,95103,95105],{"id":95102},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95104,94718],{}," with decimal places",[20,95107,95108],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[37,95110,95112],{"className":39,"code":95111,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95113,95114,95132],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95115,95116,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128,95130],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95117,91],{"class":90},[46,95119,94],{"class":60},[46,95121,94759],{"class":90},[46,95123,94],{"class":60},[46,95125,94764],{"class":64},[46,95127,68],{"class":60},[46,95129,71],{"class":64},[46,95131,106],{"class":60},[46,95133,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146,95148],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95135,91],{"class":90},[46,95137,94],{"class":60},[46,95139,94759],{"class":90},[46,95141,94],{"class":60},[46,95143,94764],{"class":64},[46,95145,68],{"class":60},[46,95147,312],{"class":64},[46,95149,106],{"class":60},[20,95151,143],{},[37,95153,95155],{"className":39,"code":95154,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95156,95157,95161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95158,95159],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95160,40343],{"class":64},[46,95162,95163],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95164,95165],{"class":64},"3.142\n",[20,95167,95168],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[37,95170,95172],{"className":39,"code":95171,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95173,95174,95183,95202,95206,95216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95175,95176,95178,95180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95177,40553],{"class":52},[46,95179,57],{"class":56},[46,95181,95182],{"class":64}," 19.9876\n",[46,95184,95185,95188,95190,95192,95194,95196,95198,95200],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95186,95187],{"class":52},"rounded_price ",[46,95189,57],{"class":56},[46,95191,95036],{"class":90},[46,95193,94],{"class":60},[46,95195,25317],{"class":102},[46,95197,68],{"class":60},[46,95199,71],{"class":64},[46,95201,215],{"class":60},[46,95203,95204],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95205,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,95207,95208,95210,95212,95214],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,95209,91],{"class":90},[46,95211,94],{"class":60},[46,95213,25317],{"class":102},[46,95215,215],{"class":60},[46,95217,95218,95220,95222,95225],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,95219,91],{"class":90},[46,95221,94],{"class":60},[46,95223,95224],{"class":102},"rounded_price",[46,95226,215],{"class":60},[20,95228,143],{},[37,95230,95232],{"className":39,"code":95231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95233,95234,95239],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95235,95236],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95237,95238],{"class":64},"19.9876\n",[46,95240,95241],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95242,95243],{"class":64},"19.99\n",[20,95245,95246,95247,95250,95251,3065,95253,507],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95248,95249],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[501,95252,41056],{"href":41055},[501,95254,13,95255,506],{"href":3068},[15,95256,3071],{},[32,95258,95260,95261],{"id":95259},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95262,94868],{},[20,95264,95265,95266,95268],{},"A negative ",[15,95267,94868],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[37,95270,95272],{"className":39,"code":95271,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95273,95274,95294,95314],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95275,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290,95292],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95277,91],{"class":90},[46,95279,94],{"class":60},[46,95281,94759],{"class":90},[46,95283,94],{"class":60},[46,95285,94927],{"class":64},[46,95287,68],{"class":60},[46,95289,2408],{"class":56},[46,95291,3175],{"class":64},[46,95293,106],{"class":60},[46,95295,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310,95312],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95297,91],{"class":90},[46,95299,94],{"class":60},[46,95301,94759],{"class":90},[46,95303,94],{"class":60},[46,95305,94927],{"class":64},[46,95307,68],{"class":60},[46,95309,2408],{"class":56},[46,95311,2243],{"class":64},[46,95313,106],{"class":60},[46,95315,95316,95318,95320,95322,95324,95326,95328,95330,95332],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95317,91],{"class":90},[46,95319,94],{"class":60},[46,95321,94759],{"class":90},[46,95323,94],{"class":60},[46,95325,94927],{"class":64},[46,95327,68],{"class":60},[46,95329,2408],{"class":56},[46,95331,2249],{"class":64},[46,95333,106],{"class":60},[20,95335,143],{},[37,95337,95339],{"className":39,"code":95338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95340,95341,95346,95350],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95342,95343],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95344,95345],{"class":64},"1230\n",[46,95347,95348],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95349,94956],{"class":64},[46,95351,95352],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95353,95354],{"class":64},"1000\n",[20,95356,65745],{},[172,95358,95359,95364,95370],{},[175,95360,95361,95363],{},[15,95362,66014],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[175,95365,95366,95369],{},[15,95367,95368],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[175,95371,95372,95374],{},[15,95373,47833],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95376,95377],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[32,95379,95381],{"id":95380},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95383,95384,95385,507],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95386,95387],{},".5",[20,95389,5644],{},[37,95391,95393],{"className":39,"code":95392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95394,95395,95409],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95396,95397,95399,95401,95403,95405,95407],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95398,91],{"class":90},[46,95400,94],{"class":60},[46,95402,94759],{"class":90},[46,95404,94],{"class":60},[46,95406,41323],{"class":64},[46,95408,106],{"class":60},[46,95410,95411,95413,95415,95417,95419,95421],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95412,91],{"class":90},[46,95414,94],{"class":60},[46,95416,94759],{"class":90},[46,95418,94],{"class":60},[46,95420,2226],{"class":64},[46,95422,106],{"class":60},[20,95424,143],{},[37,95426,95428],{"className":39,"code":95427,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n4\n",[15,95429,95430,95434],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95431,95432],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95433,17222],{"class":64},[46,95435,95436],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95437,48813],{"class":64},[20,95439,95440,95441,95444,95445,95447],{},"Python uses ",[3924,95442,95443],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95446,95387],{}," situations.",[20,95449,95450],{},"More examples:",[37,95452,95454],{"className":39,"code":95453,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95455,95456,95470,95484,95498],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95457,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95459,91],{"class":90},[46,95461,94],{"class":60},[46,95463,94759],{"class":90},[46,95465,94],{"class":60},[46,95467,41336],{"class":64},[46,95469,106],{"class":60},[46,95471,95472,95474,95476,95478,95480,95482],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95473,91],{"class":90},[46,95475,94],{"class":60},[46,95477,94759],{"class":90},[46,95479,94],{"class":60},[46,95481,41323],{"class":64},[46,95483,106],{"class":60},[46,95485,95486,95488,95490,95492,95494,95496],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95487,91],{"class":90},[46,95489,94],{"class":60},[46,95491,94759],{"class":90},[46,95493,94],{"class":60},[46,95495,2226],{"class":64},[46,95497,106],{"class":60},[46,95499,95500,95502,95504,95506,95508,95510],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,95501,91],{"class":90},[46,95503,94],{"class":60},[46,95505,94759],{"class":90},[46,95507,94],{"class":60},[46,95509,41288],{"class":64},[46,95511,106],{"class":60},[20,95513,143],{},[37,95515,95517],{"className":39,"code":95516,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95518,95519,95523,95527,95531],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95520,95521],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95522,17222],{"class":64},[46,95524,95525],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95526,17222],{"class":64},[46,95528,95529],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95530,48813],{"class":64},[46,95532,95533],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,95534,48813],{"class":64},[20,95536,95537],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95539,10882],{},[172,95541,95542,95549],{},[175,95543,95544,2319,95547],{},[15,95545,95546],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95548,2243],{},[175,95550,95551,2319,95554],{},[15,95552,95553],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95555,2691],{},[20,95557,3355,95558,95560],{},[15,95559,95387],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[32,95562,95564],{"id":95563},"return-values","Return values",[20,95566,95567,95569],{},[15,95568,94718],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95571,41070,95572,95574],{},[3924,95573,4805],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[37,95576,95578],{"className":39,"code":95577,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95579,95580,95589,95593,95603,95621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95581,95582,95584,95586],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95583,2633],{"class":52},[46,95585,57],{"class":56},[46,95587,95588],{"class":64}," 3.14159\n",[46,95590,95591],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95592,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,95594,95595,95597,95599,95601],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95596,91],{"class":90},[46,95598,94],{"class":60},[46,95600,2659],{"class":102},[46,95602,215],{"class":60},[46,95604,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,95606,91],{"class":90},[46,95608,94],{"class":60},[46,95610,94759],{"class":90},[46,95612,94],{"class":60},[46,95614,2659],{"class":102},[46,95616,68],{"class":60},[46,95618,71],{"class":64},[46,95620,106],{"class":60},[46,95622,95623,95625,95627,95629],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,95624,91],{"class":90},[46,95626,94],{"class":60},[46,95628,2659],{"class":102},[46,95630,215],{"class":60},[20,95632,143],{},[37,95634,95636],{"className":39,"code":95635,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95637,95638,95643,95647],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95639,95640],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95641,95642],{"class":64},"3.14159\n",[46,95644,95645],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95646,40343],{"class":64},[46,95648,95649],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95650,95642],{"class":64},[20,95652,95653],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[37,95655,95657],{"className":39,"code":95656,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95658,95659,95667,95685,95689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95660,95661,95663,95665],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95662,2633],{"class":52},[46,95664,57],{"class":56},[46,95666,95588],{"class":64},[46,95668,95669,95671,95673,95675,95677,95679,95681,95683],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95670,2633],{"class":52},[46,95672,57],{"class":56},[46,95674,95036],{"class":90},[46,95676,94],{"class":60},[46,95678,2659],{"class":102},[46,95680,68],{"class":60},[46,95682,71],{"class":64},[46,95684,215],{"class":60},[46,95686,95687],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95688,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,95690,95691,95693,95695,95697],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,95692,91],{"class":90},[46,95694,94],{"class":60},[46,95696,2659],{"class":102},[46,95698,215],{"class":60},[20,95700,143],{},[37,95702,95703],{"className":39,"code":40343,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,95704,95705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95706,95707],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95708,40343],{"class":64},[32,95710,1794,95712],{"id":95711},"when-to-use-round",[15,95713,94718],{},[20,95715,160,95716,6490],{},[15,95717,94718],{},[172,95719,95720,95723,95726,95729],{},[175,95721,95722],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[175,95724,95725],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[175,95727,95728],{},"Round values before reporting results",[175,95730,95731],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95733,5644],{},[37,95735,95737],{"className":39,"code":95736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95738,95739,95748],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95740,95741,95743,95745],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95742,2783],{"class":52},[46,95744,57],{"class":56},[46,95746,95747],{"class":64}," 12.67891\n",[46,95749,95750,95752,95754,95756,95758,95760,95762,95764],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95751,91],{"class":90},[46,95753,94],{"class":60},[46,95755,94759],{"class":90},[46,95757,94],{"class":60},[46,95759,2806],{"class":102},[46,95761,68],{"class":60},[46,95763,71],{"class":64},[46,95765,106],{"class":60},[20,95767,143],{},[37,95769,95771],{"className":39,"code":95770,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"12.68\n",[15,95772,95773],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95774,95775],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95776,95770],{"class":64},[32,95778,1834],{"id":1833},[20,95780,23262,95781,507],{},[15,95782,94718],{},[283,95784,1853,95786,95788,95789,95791],{"id":95785},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95787,94718],{}," to always round ",[15,95790,95387],{}," upward",[20,95793,95794],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[37,95796,95797],{"className":39,"code":95392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,95798,95799,95813],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95800,95801,95803,95805,95807,95809,95811],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95802,91],{"class":90},[46,95804,94],{"class":60},[46,95806,94759],{"class":90},[46,95808,94],{"class":60},[46,95810,41323],{"class":64},[46,95812,106],{"class":60},[46,95814,95815,95817,95819,95821,95823,95825],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95816,91],{"class":90},[46,95818,94],{"class":60},[46,95820,94759],{"class":90},[46,95822,94],{"class":60},[46,95824,2226],{"class":64},[46,95826,106],{"class":60},[20,95828,143],{},[37,95830,95831],{"className":39,"code":95427,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,95832,95833,95837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95834,95835],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95836,17222],{"class":64},[46,95838,95839],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95840,48813],{"class":64},[20,95842,95843],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[283,95845,95847],{"id":95846},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95849,95850,95852],{},[15,95851,94718],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[37,95854,95856],{"className":39,"code":95855,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95857,95858,95866,95880,95884],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95859,95860,95862,95864],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95861,2633],{"class":52},[46,95863,57],{"class":56},[46,95865,95588],{"class":64},[46,95867,95868,95870,95872,95874,95876,95878],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95869,94759],{"class":90},[46,95871,94],{"class":60},[46,95873,2659],{"class":102},[46,95875,68],{"class":60},[46,95877,71],{"class":64},[46,95879,215],{"class":60},[46,95881,95882],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95883,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,95885,95886,95888,95890,95892],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,95887,91],{"class":90},[46,95889,94],{"class":60},[46,95891,2659],{"class":102},[46,95893,215],{"class":60},[20,95895,143],{},[37,95897,95898],{"className":39,"code":95642,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,95899,95900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95901,95902],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95903,95642],{"class":64},[20,95905,95906],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[37,95908,95910],{"className":39,"code":95909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95911,95912],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95913,95914,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924,95926,95928],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95915,2633],{"class":52},[46,95917,57],{"class":56},[46,95919,95036],{"class":90},[46,95921,94],{"class":60},[46,95923,2659],{"class":102},[46,95925,68],{"class":60},[46,95927,71],{"class":64},[46,95929,215],{"class":60},[283,95931,95933],{"id":95932},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95935,16566],{},[37,95937,95939],{"className":39,"code":95938,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95940,95941],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95942,95943],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95944,95938],{"class":3845},[20,95946,95947],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[37,95949,95951],{"className":39,"code":95950,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95952,95953,95965,95979,95983],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,95954,95955,95957,95959,95961,95963],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,95956,34856],{"class":52},[46,95958,57],{"class":56},[46,95960,438],{"class":426},[46,95962,40309],{"class":430},[46,95964,3544],{"class":426},[46,95966,95967,95969,95971,95973,95975,95977],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,95968,2403],{"class":52},[46,95970,57],{"class":56},[46,95972,40421],{"class":1270},[46,95974,94],{"class":60},[46,95976,34877],{"class":102},[46,95978,215],{"class":60},[46,95980,95981],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,95982,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,95984,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,95986,91],{"class":90},[46,95988,94],{"class":60},[46,95990,94759],{"class":90},[46,95992,94],{"class":60},[46,95994,2426],{"class":102},[46,95996,68],{"class":60},[46,95998,81],{"class":64},[46,96000,106],{"class":60},[20,96002,143],{},[37,96004,96006],{"className":39,"code":96005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.1\n",[15,96007,96008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96009,96010],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96011,96005],{"class":64},[283,96013,96015],{"id":96014},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96017,96018,96020],{},[15,96019,94718],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96022,96023,96024,3065,96028,507],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[501,96025,96026],{"href":3068},[15,96027,3071],{},[501,96029,96030],{"href":3061},[15,96031,3064],{},[32,96033,1991],{"id":1990},[283,96035,12872,96037,96039,96040,96042],{"id":96036},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96038,94718],{}," always round ",[15,96041,40380],{}," up?",[20,96044,96045],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[283,96047,12872,96049,96051],{"id":96048},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96050,94718],{}," change the original number?",[20,96053,96054],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[283,96056,2005,96058,96060],{"id":96057},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96059,94718],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96062,96063,96064,96066,96067,3065,96069,507],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96065,94868],{}," value like ",[15,96068,66014],{},[15,96070,95368],{},[283,96072,28496,96074,96076,96077,2035],{"id":96073},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96075,94718],{}," on a string like ",[15,96078,48257],{},[20,96080,96081,96082,3065,96084,507],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96083,3071],{},[15,96085,3064],{},[32,96087,2065],{"id":2064},[172,96089,96090,96096,96102,96106],{},[175,96091,96092],{},[501,96093,13,96094,506],{"href":3068},[15,96095,3071],{},[175,96097,96098],{},[501,96099,13,96100,506],{"href":3061},[15,96101,3064],{},[175,96103,96104],{},[501,96105,2606],{"href":2605},[175,96107,96108],{},[501,96109,42346],{"href":41055},[2103,96111,96112],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":96114},[96115,96116,96118,96119,96121,96123,96125,96126,96127,96129,96136,96146],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":94810,"depth":87,"text":96117},"What round() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":94964,"depth":87,"text":96120},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95102,"depth":87,"text":96122},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95259,"depth":87,"text":96124},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95380,"depth":87,"text":95381},{"id":95563,"depth":87,"text":95564},{"id":95711,"depth":87,"text":96128},"When to use round()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":96130},[96131,96133,96134,96135],{"id":95785,"depth":109,"text":96132},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95846,"depth":109,"text":95847},{"id":95932,"depth":109,"text":95933},{"id":96014,"depth":109,"text":96015},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":96137},[96138,96140,96142,96144],{"id":96036,"depth":109,"text":96139},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96048,"depth":109,"text":96141},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96057,"depth":109,"text":96143},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96073,"depth":109,"text":96145},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94710,"description":96147},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96154,"title":96155,"body":96156,"description":97341,"extension":2150,"meta":97342,"navigation":112,"path":97343,"seo":97344,"stem":97345,"__hash__":97346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96157,"toc":97315},[96158,96165,96171,96174,96176,96225,96229,96254,96259,96264,96269,96283,96294,96296,96315,96317,96333,96336,96347,96349,96351,96412,96416,96449,96456,96463,96466,96499,96502,96506,96509,96562,96566,96587,96593,96600,96607,96668,96676,96753,96757,96769,96778,96780,96786,96792,96796,96849,96852,96910,96914,96922,96925,96929,96932,96942,96944,97041,97044,97055,97058,97101,97105,97129,97132,97138,97140,97144,97169,97171,97238,97247,97249,97255,97260,97264,97267,97271,97278,97282,97287,97289,97306,97312],[10,96159,96161,96162,11490],{"id":96160},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96163,96164],{},"add()",[20,96166,96167,96170],{},[15,96168,96169],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96172,96173],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[32,96175,35],{"id":34},[37,96177,96179],{"className":39,"code":96178,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96180,96181,96201,96215],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96182,96183,96185,96187,96189,96191,96193,96195,96197,96199],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96184,53],{"class":52},[46,96186,57],{"class":56},[46,96188,10660],{"class":60},[46,96190,3175],{"class":64},[46,96192,68],{"class":60},[46,96194,71],{"class":64},[46,96196,68],{"class":60},[46,96198,312],{"class":64},[46,96200,1105],{"class":60},[46,96202,96203,96205,96207,96209,96211,96213],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96204,103],{"class":52},[46,96206,507],{"class":60},[46,96208,82254],{"class":102},[46,96210,94],{"class":60},[46,96212,2691],{"class":64},[46,96214,215],{"class":60},[46,96216,96217,96219,96221,96223],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96218,91],{"class":90},[46,96220,94],{"class":60},[46,96222,103],{"class":102},[46,96224,215],{"class":60},[20,96226,96227],{},[3924,96228,143],{},[37,96230,96232],{"className":39,"code":96231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96233,96234],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96235,96236,96238,96240,96242,96244,96246,96248,96250,96252],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96237,1185],{"class":60},[46,96239,3175],{"class":64},[46,96241,68],{"class":60},[46,96243,71],{"class":64},[46,96245,68],{"class":60},[46,96247,312],{"class":64},[46,96249,68],{"class":60},[46,96251,2643],{"class":64},[46,96253,1105],{"class":60},[20,96255,160,96256,96258],{},[15,96257,96164],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[32,96260,167,96262,170],{"id":96261},"what-setadd-does",[15,96263,96169],{},[20,96265,96266,96268],{},[15,96267,96169],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[172,96270,96271,96274,96277,96280],{},[175,96272,96273],{},"Adds one item to a set",[175,96275,96276],{},"Changes the original set in place",[175,96278,96279],{},"Does not return a new set",[175,96281,96282],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96284,96285,96286,3065,96290,507],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[501,96287,96289],{"href":96288},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[501,96291,96293],{"href":96292},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[32,96295,2343],{"id":2342},[37,96297,96299],{"className":39,"code":96298,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96300,96301],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96302,96303,96305,96307,96309,96311,96313],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96304,15833],{"class":52},[46,96306,507],{"class":60},[46,96308,82254],{"class":102},[46,96310,94],{"class":60},[46,96312,23478],{"class":102},[46,96314,215],{"class":60},[20,96316,888],{},[172,96318,96319,96324,96327],{},[175,96320,56071,96321,96323],{},[15,96322,96164],{}," on an existing set",[175,96325,96326],{},"Pass exactly one item",[175,96328,96329,96330],{},"The item must be ",[3924,96331,96332],{},"hashable",[20,96334,96335],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[172,96337,96338,96340,96342,96345],{},[175,96339,56624],{},[175,96341,56627],{},[175,96343,96344],{},"Tuples",[175,96346,40760],{},[32,96348,11643],{"id":11642},[20,96350,11646],{},[37,96352,96354],{"className":39,"code":96353,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96355,96356,96380,96398,96402],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96357,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368,96370,96372,96374,96376,96378],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96359,13243],{"class":52},[46,96361,57],{"class":56},[46,96363,10660],{"class":60},[46,96365,427],{"class":426},[46,96367,13260],{"class":430},[46,96369,427],{"class":426},[46,96371,68],{"class":60},[46,96373,438],{"class":426},[46,96375,13277],{"class":430},[46,96377,427],{"class":426},[46,96379,1105],{"class":60},[46,96381,96382,96384,96386,96388,96390,96392,96394,96396],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96383,17669],{"class":52},[46,96385,507],{"class":60},[46,96387,82254],{"class":102},[46,96389,94],{"class":60},[46,96391,427],{"class":426},[46,96393,17622],{"class":430},[46,96395,427],{"class":426},[46,96397,215],{"class":60},[46,96399,96400],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96401,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,96403,96404,96406,96408,96410],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,96405,91],{"class":90},[46,96407,94],{"class":60},[46,96409,17669],{"class":102},[46,96411,215],{"class":60},[20,96413,96414],{},[3924,96415,30197],{},[37,96417,96419],{"className":39,"code":96418,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96420,96421],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96422,96423,96425,96427,96429,96431,96433,96435,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96424,1185],{"class":60},[46,96426,1188],{"class":426},[46,96428,13260],{"class":430},[46,96430,1188],{"class":426},[46,96432,68],{"class":60},[46,96434,1197],{"class":426},[46,96436,17622],{"class":430},[46,96438,1188],{"class":426},[46,96440,68],{"class":60},[46,96442,1197],{"class":426},[46,96444,13277],{"class":430},[46,96446,1188],{"class":426},[46,96448,1105],{"class":60},[20,96450,96451,96452,96455],{},"The new value ",[15,96453,96454],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96457,96458,96459,96462],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3924,96460,96461],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96464,96465],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[37,96467,96469],{"className":39,"code":96468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96470,96471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96472,96473,96475,96477,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96474,1185],{"class":60},[46,96476,1188],{"class":426},[46,96478,13277],{"class":430},[46,96480,1188],{"class":426},[46,96482,68],{"class":60},[46,96484,1197],{"class":426},[46,96486,13260],{"class":430},[46,96488,1188],{"class":426},[46,96490,68],{"class":60},[46,96492,1197],{"class":426},[46,96494,17622],{"class":430},[46,96496,1188],{"class":426},[46,96498,1105],{"class":60},[20,96500,96501],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[32,96503,96505],{"id":96504},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96507,96508],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[37,96510,96512],{"className":39,"code":96511,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96513,96514,96534,96548,96552],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96515,96516,96518,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96517,53],{"class":52},[46,96519,57],{"class":56},[46,96521,10660],{"class":60},[46,96523,3175],{"class":64},[46,96525,68],{"class":60},[46,96527,71],{"class":64},[46,96529,68],{"class":60},[46,96531,312],{"class":64},[46,96533,1105],{"class":60},[46,96535,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96537,103],{"class":52},[46,96539,507],{"class":60},[46,96541,82254],{"class":102},[46,96543,94],{"class":60},[46,96545,2243],{"class":64},[46,96547,215],{"class":60},[46,96549,96550],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96551,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,96553,96554,96556,96558,96560],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,96555,91],{"class":90},[46,96557,94],{"class":60},[46,96559,103],{"class":102},[46,96561,215],{"class":60},[20,96563,96564],{},[3924,96565,143],{},[37,96567,96569],{"className":39,"code":96568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96570,96571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96572,96573,96575,96577,96579,96581,96583,96585],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96574,1185],{"class":60},[46,96576,3175],{"class":64},[46,96578,68],{"class":60},[46,96580,71],{"class":64},[46,96582,68],{"class":60},[46,96584,312],{"class":64},[46,96586,1105],{"class":60},[20,96588,96589,96590,96592],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96591,2243],{}," was already present.",[32,96594,96596,10755,96598],{"id":96595},"add-vs-update",[15,96597,96164],{},[15,96599,15120],{},[20,96601,160,96602,96604,96605,507],{},[15,96603,96164],{}," when you want to add ",[3924,96606,52819],{},[37,96608,96610],{"className":39,"code":96609,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96611,96612,96636,96654,96658],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96613,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96615,36259],{"class":52},[46,96617,57],{"class":56},[46,96619,10660],{"class":60},[46,96621,427],{"class":426},[46,96623,501],{"class":430},[46,96625,427],{"class":426},[46,96627,68],{"class":60},[46,96629,438],{"class":426},[46,96631,4935],{"class":430},[46,96633,427],{"class":426},[46,96635,1105],{"class":60},[46,96637,96638,96640,96642,96644,96646,96648,96650,96652],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96639,36312],{"class":52},[46,96641,507],{"class":60},[46,96643,82254],{"class":102},[46,96645,94],{"class":60},[46,96647,427],{"class":426},[46,96649,9908],{"class":430},[46,96651,427],{"class":426},[46,96653,215],{"class":60},[46,96655,96656],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96657,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,96659,96660,96662,96664,96666],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,96661,91],{"class":90},[46,96663,94],{"class":60},[46,96665,36312],{"class":102},[46,96667,215],{"class":60},[20,96669,160,96670,96604,96672,96675],{},[15,96671,15120],{},[3924,96673,96674],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[37,96677,96679],{"className":39,"code":96678,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96680,96681,96705,96739,96743],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96682,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701,96703],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96684,36259],{"class":52},[46,96686,57],{"class":56},[46,96688,10660],{"class":60},[46,96690,427],{"class":426},[46,96692,501],{"class":430},[46,96694,427],{"class":426},[46,96696,68],{"class":60},[46,96698,438],{"class":426},[46,96700,4935],{"class":430},[46,96702,427],{"class":426},[46,96704,1105],{"class":60},[46,96706,96707,96709,96711,96713,96715,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96708,36312],{"class":52},[46,96710,507],{"class":60},[46,96712,30632],{"class":102},[46,96714,3172],{"class":60},[46,96716,427],{"class":426},[46,96718,9908],{"class":430},[46,96720,427],{"class":426},[46,96722,68],{"class":60},[46,96724,438],{"class":426},[46,96726,18935],{"class":430},[46,96728,427],{"class":426},[46,96730,68],{"class":60},[46,96732,438],{"class":426},[46,96734,60607],{"class":430},[46,96736,427],{"class":426},[46,96738,1161],{"class":60},[46,96740,96741],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96742,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,96744,96745,96747,96749,96751],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,96746,91],{"class":90},[46,96748,94],{"class":60},[46,96750,36312],{"class":102},[46,96752,215],{"class":60},[283,96754,96756],{"id":96755},"key-difference","Key difference",[172,96758,96759,96764],{},[175,96760,96761,96763],{},[15,96762,96164],{}," adds one item",[175,96765,96766,96768],{},[15,96767,15120],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96770,96771,96772,507],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[501,96773,96775,96776,10910],{"href":96774},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96777,15120],{},[32,96779,17585],{"id":17584},[20,96781,96782,2583,96784,507],{},[15,96783,96169],{},[15,96785,1326],{},[20,96787,96788,96789,96791],{},"That means you should ",[3924,96790,4805],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[283,96793,96795],{"id":96794},"correct","Correct",[37,96797,96799],{"className":39,"code":96798,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96800,96801,96821,96835,96839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96802,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813,96815,96817,96819],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96804,15795],{"class":52},[46,96806,57],{"class":56},[46,96808,10660],{"class":60},[46,96810,3175],{"class":64},[46,96812,68],{"class":60},[46,96814,71],{"class":64},[46,96816,68],{"class":60},[46,96818,312],{"class":64},[46,96820,1105],{"class":60},[46,96822,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96824,15833],{"class":52},[46,96826,507],{"class":60},[46,96828,82254],{"class":102},[46,96830,94],{"class":60},[46,96832,2691],{"class":64},[46,96834,215],{"class":60},[46,96836,96837],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96838,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,96840,96841,96843,96845,96847],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,96842,91],{"class":90},[46,96844,94],{"class":60},[46,96846,15833],{"class":102},[46,96848,215],{"class":60},[283,96850,96851],{"id":61929},"Wrong",[37,96853,96855],{"className":39,"code":96854,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96856,96857,96877,96896,96900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96858,96859,96861,96863,96865,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96860,15795],{"class":52},[46,96862,57],{"class":56},[46,96864,10660],{"class":60},[46,96866,3175],{"class":64},[46,96868,68],{"class":60},[46,96870,71],{"class":64},[46,96872,68],{"class":60},[46,96874,312],{"class":64},[46,96876,1105],{"class":60},[46,96878,96879,96881,96883,96886,96888,96890,96892,96894],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96880,15795],{"class":52},[46,96882,57],{"class":56},[46,96884,96885],{"class":52}," my_set",[46,96887,507],{"class":60},[46,96889,82254],{"class":102},[46,96891,94],{"class":60},[46,96893,2691],{"class":64},[46,96895,215],{"class":60},[46,96897,96898],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96899,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,96901,96902,96904,96906,96908],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,96903,91],{"class":90},[46,96905,94],{"class":60},[46,96907,15833],{"class":102},[46,96909,215],{"class":60},[20,96911,96912],{},[3924,96913,143],{},[37,96915,96916],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,96917,96918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96919,96920],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96921,1333],{"class":1325},[20,96923,96924],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[32,96926,96928],{"id":96927},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96930,96931],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[172,96933,96934,96936,96938,96940],{},[175,96935,56624],{},[175,96937,56627],{},[175,96939,96344],{},[175,96941,40760],{},[20,96943,2393],{},[37,96945,96947],{"className":39,"code":96946,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96948,96949,96959,96963,96977,96995,97013,97027,97031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,96950,96951,96953,96955,96957],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,96952,1398],{"class":52},[46,96954,57],{"class":56},[46,96956,15800],{"class":1270},[46,96958,8814],{"class":60},[46,96960,96961],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,96962,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,96964,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,96966,1415],{"class":52},[46,96968,507],{"class":60},[46,96970,82254],{"class":102},[46,96972,94],{"class":60},[46,96974,1494],{"class":64},[46,96976,215],{"class":60},[46,96978,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,96980,1415],{"class":52},[46,96982,507],{"class":60},[46,96984,82254],{"class":102},[46,96986,94],{"class":60},[46,96988,427],{"class":426},[46,96990,4027],{"class":430},[46,96992,427],{"class":426},[46,96994,215],{"class":60},[46,96996,96997,96999,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,96998,1415],{"class":52},[46,97000,507],{"class":60},[46,97002,82254],{"class":102},[46,97004,5682],{"class":60},[46,97006,3175],{"class":64},[46,97008,68],{"class":60},[46,97010,71],{"class":64},[46,97012,106],{"class":60},[46,97014,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,97016,1415],{"class":52},[46,97018,507],{"class":60},[46,97020,82254],{"class":102},[46,97022,94],{"class":60},[46,97024,3787],{"class":1325},[46,97026,215],{"class":60},[46,97028,97029],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,97030,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97032,97033,97035,97037,97039],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,97034,91],{"class":90},[46,97036,94],{"class":60},[46,97038,1415],{"class":102},[46,97040,215],{"class":60},[20,97042,97043],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[172,97045,97046,97049,97052],{},[175,97047,97048],{},"Lists",[175,97050,97051],{},"Dictionaries",[175,97053,97054],{},"Sets",[20,97056,97057],{},"Example that causes an error:",[37,97059,97061],{"className":39,"code":97060,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97062,97063,97083],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97064,97065,97067,97069,97071,97073,97075,97077,97079,97081],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97066,1398],{"class":52},[46,97068,57],{"class":56},[46,97070,10660],{"class":60},[46,97072,3175],{"class":64},[46,97074,68],{"class":60},[46,97076,71],{"class":64},[46,97078,68],{"class":60},[46,97080,312],{"class":64},[46,97082,1105],{"class":60},[46,97084,97085,97087,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97086,1415],{"class":52},[46,97088,507],{"class":60},[46,97090,82254],{"class":102},[46,97092,3172],{"class":60},[46,97094,2691],{"class":64},[46,97096,68],{"class":60},[46,97098,1508],{"class":64},[46,97100,1161],{"class":60},[20,97102,97103],{},[3924,97104,29848],{},[37,97106,97108],{"className":39,"code":97107,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97109,97110],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97111,97112,97114,97116,97119,97121,97123,97125,97127],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97113,1638],{"class":1270},[46,97115,198],{"class":60},[46,97117,97118],{"class":52}," unhashable ",[46,97120,1889],{"class":1270},[46,97122,198],{"class":60},[46,97124,1197],{"class":426},[46,97126,8265],{"class":430},[46,97128,29867],{"class":426},[20,97130,97131],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97133,97134,97135,507],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97136,97137],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[32,97139,1834],{"id":1833},[20,97141,14900,97142,198],{},[15,97143,96169],{},[172,97145,97146,97151,97156,97159,97166],{},[175,97147,578,97148,97150],{},[15,97149,96164],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[175,97152,1853,97153,97155],{},[15,97154,96164],{}," to return the updated set",[175,97157,97158],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[175,97160,37372,97161,97163,97164],{},[15,97162,96169],{}," with list ",[15,97165,52815],{},[175,97167,97168],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97170,71665],{},[37,97172,97174],{"className":39,"code":97173,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97175,97176,97186,97200,97210,97224],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97177,97178,97180,97182,97184],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97179,91],{"class":90},[46,97181,94],{"class":60},[46,97183,15833],{"class":102},[46,97185,215],{"class":60},[46,97187,97188,97190,97192,97194,97196,97198],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97189,91],{"class":90},[46,97191,94],{"class":60},[46,97193,1889],{"class":1270},[46,97195,94],{"class":60},[46,97197,15833],{"class":102},[46,97199,106],{"class":60},[46,97201,97202,97204,97206,97208],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,97203,91],{"class":90},[46,97205,94],{"class":60},[46,97207,2659],{"class":102},[46,97209,215],{"class":60},[46,97211,97212,97214,97216,97218,97220,97222],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,97213,91],{"class":90},[46,97215,94],{"class":60},[46,97217,1889],{"class":1270},[46,97219,94],{"class":60},[46,97221,2659],{"class":102},[46,97223,106],{"class":60},[46,97225,97226,97228,97230,97232,97234,97236],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,97227,32320],{"class":90},[46,97229,94],{"class":60},[46,97231,6459],{"class":1270},[46,97233,507],{"class":60},[46,97235,82254],{"class":1774},[46,97237,215],{"class":60},[20,97239,97240,97241,97243,97244,507],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97242,96169],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[501,97245,53212],{"href":97246},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[32,97248,1991],{"id":1990},[283,97250,12872,97252,97254],{"id":97251},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97253,96169],{}," return a new set?",[20,97256,97257,97258,507],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97259,1326],{},[283,97261,97263],{"id":97262},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97265,97266],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[283,97268,97270],{"id":97269},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97272,160,97273,11260,97276,507],{},[15,97274,97275],{},"set.update()",[15,97277,96164],{},[283,97279,97281],{"id":97280},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97283,97284,97285,507],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97286,1638],{},[32,97288,2065],{"id":2064},[172,97290,97291,97295,97300],{},[175,97292,97293],{},[501,97294,96289],{"href":96288},[175,97296,97297],{},[501,97298,97299],{"href":96292},"How to create a set in Python",[175,97301,97302],{},[501,97303,96775,97304,10910],{"href":96774},[15,97305,15120],{},[20,97307,97308,97309,97311],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97310,96164],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2103,97313,97314],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":97316},[97317,97318,97320,97321,97322,97323,97327,97331,97332,97333,97340],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":96261,"depth":87,"text":97319},"What set.add() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":96504,"depth":87,"text":96505},{"id":96595,"depth":87,"text":97324,"children":97325},"add() vs update()",[97326],{"id":96755,"depth":109,"text":96756},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585,"children":97328},[97329,97330],{"id":96794,"depth":109,"text":96795},{"id":61929,"depth":109,"text":96851},{"id":96927,"depth":87,"text":96928},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":97334},[97335,97337,97338,97339],{"id":97251,"depth":109,"text":97336},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97262,"depth":109,"text":97263},{"id":97269,"depth":109,"text":97270},{"id":97280,"depth":109,"text":97281},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96155,"description":97341},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97348,"title":97349,"body":97350,"description":98519,"extension":2150,"meta":98520,"navigation":112,"path":98521,"seo":98522,"stem":98523,"__hash__":98524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97351,"toc":98486},[97352,97357,97363,97370,97415,97417,97428,97433,97438,97442,97456,97461,97463,97465,97480,97482,97496,97498,97500,97565,97567,97577,97579,97597,97603,97610,97615,97689,97691,97708,97714,97719,97790,97792,97819,97836,97839,97845,97847,97854,97858,97925,97927,97942,97945,97998,98000,98008,98020,98022,98026,98031,98033,98082,98084,98092,98094,98139,98141,98151,98157,98165,98178,98184,98186,98215,98217,98235,98239,98242,98273,98275,98293,98297,98372,98374,98390,98397,98399,98404,98409,98415,98418,98422,98430,98437,98445,98447,98483],[10,97353,96161,97355,11490],{"id":97354},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97356,11489],{},[20,97358,97359,97362],{},[15,97360,97361],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97364,97365,97366,97369],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3924,97367,97368],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[37,97371,97373],{"className":39,"code":97372,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97374,97375,97395,97405],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97376,97377,97379,97381,97383,97385,97387,97389,97391,97393],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97378,53],{"class":52},[46,97380,57],{"class":56},[46,97382,10660],{"class":60},[46,97384,3175],{"class":64},[46,97386,68],{"class":60},[46,97388,71],{"class":64},[46,97390,68],{"class":60},[46,97392,312],{"class":64},[46,97394,1105],{"class":60},[46,97396,97397,97399,97401,97403],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97398,103],{"class":52},[46,97400,507],{"class":60},[46,97402,11551],{"class":102},[46,97404,8814],{"class":60},[46,97406,97407,97409,97411,97413],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,97408,91],{"class":90},[46,97410,94],{"class":60},[46,97412,103],{"class":102},[46,97414,215],{"class":60},[20,97416,143],{},[37,97418,97420],{"className":39,"code":97419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\n",[15,97421,97422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97423,97424,97426],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97425,6459],{"class":1270},[46,97427,8814],{"class":60},[20,97429,97430,97432],{},[15,97431,11489],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[32,97434,167,97436,170],{"id":97435},"what-setclear-does",[15,97437,97361],{},[20,97439,882,97440,11581],{},[15,97441,11489],{},[172,97443,97444,97447,97449,97453],{},[175,97445,97446],{},"Removes every item from a set",[175,97448,96276],{},[175,97450,11592,97451],{},[15,97452,1326],{},[175,97454,97455],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97457,96285,97458,71764],{},[501,97459,96289],{"href":97460},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[32,97462,2343],{"id":2342},[20,97464,54609],{},[37,97466,97468],{"className":39,"code":97467,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97469,97470],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97471,97472,97474,97476,97478],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97473,15833],{"class":52},[46,97475,507],{"class":60},[46,97477,11551],{"class":102},[46,97479,8814],{"class":60},[20,97481,13219],{},[172,97483,97484,97487,97490,97493],{},[175,97485,97486],{},"It takes no arguments",[175,97488,97489],{},"It empties the set",[175,97491,97492],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[175,97494,97495],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[32,97497,11643],{"id":11642},[20,97499,11646],{},[37,97501,97503],{"className":39,"code":97502,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97504,97505,97537,97541,97551,97555],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97506,97507,97509,97511,97513,97515,97517,97519,97521,97523,97525,97527,97529,97531,97533,97535],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97508,13243],{"class":52},[46,97510,57],{"class":56},[46,97512,10660],{"class":60},[46,97514,427],{"class":426},[46,97516,13260],{"class":430},[46,97518,427],{"class":426},[46,97520,68],{"class":60},[46,97522,438],{"class":426},[46,97524,17622],{"class":430},[46,97526,427],{"class":426},[46,97528,68],{"class":60},[46,97530,438],{"class":426},[46,97532,13277],{"class":430},[46,97534,427],{"class":426},[46,97536,1105],{"class":60},[46,97538,97539],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97540,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97542,97543,97545,97547,97549],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,97544,17669],{"class":52},[46,97546,507],{"class":60},[46,97548,11551],{"class":102},[46,97550,8814],{"class":60},[46,97552,97553],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,97554,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97556,97557,97559,97561,97563],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,97558,91],{"class":90},[46,97560,94],{"class":60},[46,97562,17669],{"class":102},[46,97564,215],{"class":60},[20,97566,143],{},[37,97568,97569],{"className":39,"code":97419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,97570,97571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97572,97573,97575],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97574,6459],{"class":1270},[46,97576,8814],{"class":60},[20,97578,11852],{},[172,97580,97581,97586,97591],{},[175,97582,97583,97585],{},[15,97584,17669],{}," starts with three values",[175,97587,97588,11865],{},[15,97589,97590],{},"colors.clear()",[175,97592,97593,97594,97596],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97595,3978],{},", which means an empty set",[32,97598,97600,97602],{"id":97599},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97601,11489],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97604,97605,2051,97607,97609],{},[15,97606,11489],{},[15,97608,3978],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[283,97611,578,97613],{"id":97612},"using-clear",[15,97614,11489],{},[37,97616,97618],{"className":39,"code":97617,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97619,97620,97640,97650,97654,97664,97668,97678],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97621,97622,97624,97626,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97623,1398],{"class":52},[46,97625,57],{"class":56},[46,97627,10660],{"class":60},[46,97629,3175],{"class":64},[46,97631,68],{"class":60},[46,97633,71],{"class":64},[46,97635,68],{"class":60},[46,97637,312],{"class":64},[46,97639,1105],{"class":60},[46,97641,97642,97645,97647],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97643,97644],{"class":52},"other_name ",[46,97646,57],{"class":56},[46,97648,97649],{"class":52}," items\n",[46,97651,97652],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,97653,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97655,97656,97658,97660,97662],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,97657,1415],{"class":52},[46,97659,507],{"class":60},[46,97661,11551],{"class":102},[46,97663,8814],{"class":60},[46,97665,97666],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,97667,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97669,97670,97672,97674,97676],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,97671,91],{"class":90},[46,97673,94],{"class":60},[46,97675,1415],{"class":102},[46,97677,215],{"class":60},[46,97679,97680,97682,97684,97687],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,97681,91],{"class":90},[46,97683,94],{"class":60},[46,97685,97686],{"class":102},"other_name",[46,97688,215],{"class":60},[20,97690,143],{},[37,97692,97694],{"className":39,"code":97693,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97695,97696,97702],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97697,97698,97700],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97699,6459],{"class":1270},[46,97701,8814],{"class":60},[46,97703,97704,97706],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97705,6459],{"class":1270},[46,97707,8814],{"class":60},[20,97709,97710,97711,507],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3924,97712,97713],{},"same set object",[283,97715,578,97717],{"id":97716},"using-set",[15,97718,3978],{},[37,97720,97722],{"className":39,"code":97721,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97723,97724,97744,97752,97756,97766,97770,97780],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97725,97726,97728,97730,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97727,1398],{"class":52},[46,97729,57],{"class":56},[46,97731,10660],{"class":60},[46,97733,3175],{"class":64},[46,97735,68],{"class":60},[46,97737,71],{"class":64},[46,97739,68],{"class":60},[46,97741,312],{"class":64},[46,97743,1105],{"class":60},[46,97745,97746,97748,97750],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97747,97644],{"class":52},[46,97749,57],{"class":56},[46,97751,97649],{"class":52},[46,97753,97754],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,97755,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97757,97758,97760,97762,97764],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,97759,1398],{"class":52},[46,97761,57],{"class":56},[46,97763,15800],{"class":1270},[46,97765,8814],{"class":60},[46,97767,97768],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,97769,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97771,97772,97774,97776,97778],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,97773,91],{"class":90},[46,97775,94],{"class":60},[46,97777,1415],{"class":102},[46,97779,215],{"class":60},[46,97781,97782,97784,97786,97788],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,97783,91],{"class":90},[46,97785,94],{"class":60},[46,97787,97686],{"class":102},[46,97789,215],{"class":60},[20,97791,143],{},[37,97793,97795],{"className":39,"code":97794,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97796,97797,97803],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97798,97799,97801],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97800,6459],{"class":1270},[46,97802,8814],{"class":60},[46,97804,97805,97807,97809,97811,97813,97815,97817],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97806,1185],{"class":60},[46,97808,3175],{"class":64},[46,97810,68],{"class":60},[46,97812,71],{"class":64},[46,97814,68],{"class":60},[46,97816,312],{"class":64},[46,97818,1105],{"class":60},[20,97820,20938,97821,93053,97824,97827,97828,507,97830,97832,97833,97835],{},[15,97822,97823],{},"items = set()",[3924,97825,97826],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97829,1415],{},[10015,97831],{},"\nBut ",[15,97834,97686],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97837,97838],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97840,97841,97842,507],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[501,97843,96293],{"href":97844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[32,97846,17585],{"id":17584},[20,97848,97849,14221,97851,97853],{},[15,97850,11489],{},[3924,97852,4805],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97855,5320,97856,507],{},[15,97857,1326],{},[37,97859,97861],{"className":39,"code":97860,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97862,97863,97883,97887,97901,97905,97915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97864,97865,97867,97869,97871,97873,97875,97877,97879,97881],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97866,53],{"class":52},[46,97868,57],{"class":56},[46,97870,10660],{"class":60},[46,97872,3175],{"class":64},[46,97874,68],{"class":60},[46,97876,71],{"class":64},[46,97878,68],{"class":60},[46,97880,312],{"class":64},[46,97882,1105],{"class":60},[46,97884,97885],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97886,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97888,97889,97891,97893,97895,97897,97899],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,97890,2416],{"class":52},[46,97892,57],{"class":56},[46,97894,4437],{"class":52},[46,97896,507],{"class":60},[46,97898,11551],{"class":102},[46,97900,8814],{"class":60},[46,97902,97903],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,97904,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97906,97907,97909,97911,97913],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,97908,91],{"class":90},[46,97910,94],{"class":60},[46,97912,2451],{"class":102},[46,97914,215],{"class":60},[46,97916,97917,97919,97921,97923],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,97918,91],{"class":90},[46,97920,94],{"class":60},[46,97922,103],{"class":102},[46,97924,215],{"class":60},[20,97926,143],{},[37,97928,97930],{"className":39,"code":97929,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"None\nset()\n",[15,97931,97932,97936],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97933,97934],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97935,1333],{"class":1325},[46,97937,97938,97940],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97939,6459],{"class":1270},[46,97941,8814],{"class":60},[20,97943,97944],{},"Do not do this:",[37,97946,97948],{"className":39,"code":97947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97949,97950,97970,97984,97988],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,97951,97952,97954,97956,97958,97960,97962,97964,97966,97968],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,97953,53],{"class":52},[46,97955,57],{"class":56},[46,97957,10660],{"class":60},[46,97959,3175],{"class":64},[46,97961,68],{"class":60},[46,97963,71],{"class":64},[46,97965,68],{"class":60},[46,97967,312],{"class":64},[46,97969,1105],{"class":60},[46,97971,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980,97982],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,97973,53],{"class":52},[46,97975,57],{"class":56},[46,97977,4437],{"class":52},[46,97979,507],{"class":60},[46,97981,11551],{"class":102},[46,97983,8814],{"class":60},[46,97985,97986],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,97987,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,97989,97990,97992,97994,97996],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,97991,91],{"class":90},[46,97993,94],{"class":60},[46,97995,103],{"class":102},[46,97997,215],{"class":60},[20,97999,143],{},[37,98001,98002],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,98003,98004],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98005,98006],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98007,1333],{"class":1325},[20,98009,22356,98010,2583,98012,98014,98015,98017,98018,507],{},[15,98011,54722],{},[15,98013,1326],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98016,1326],{}," back to ",[15,98019,103],{},[32,98021,4693],{"id":4692},[20,98023,10915,98024,507],{},[15,98025,97361],{},[283,98027,12762,98029],{"id":98028},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98030,11489],{},[20,98032,16809],{},[37,98034,98036],{"className":39,"code":98035,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98037,98038,98058,98072],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98039,98040,98042,98044,98046,98048,98050,98052,98054,98056],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98041,15795],{"class":52},[46,98043,57],{"class":56},[46,98045,10660],{"class":60},[46,98047,3175],{"class":64},[46,98049,68],{"class":60},[46,98051,71],{"class":64},[46,98053,68],{"class":60},[46,98055,312],{"class":64},[46,98057,1105],{"class":60},[46,98059,98060,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98061,15795],{"class":52},[46,98063,57],{"class":56},[46,98065,96885],{"class":52},[46,98067,507],{"class":60},[46,98069,11551],{"class":102},[46,98071,8814],{"class":60},[46,98073,98074,98076,98078,98080],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,98075,91],{"class":90},[46,98077,94],{"class":60},[46,98079,15833],{"class":102},[46,98081,215],{"class":60},[20,98083,143],{},[37,98085,98086],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,98087,98088],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98089,98090],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98091,1333],{"class":1325},[20,98093,16821],{},[37,98095,98097],{"className":39,"code":98096,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98098,98099,98119,98129],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98100,98101,98103,98105,98107,98109,98111,98113,98115,98117],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98102,15795],{"class":52},[46,98104,57],{"class":56},[46,98106,10660],{"class":60},[46,98108,3175],{"class":64},[46,98110,68],{"class":60},[46,98112,71],{"class":64},[46,98114,68],{"class":60},[46,98116,312],{"class":64},[46,98118,1105],{"class":60},[46,98120,98121,98123,98125,98127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98122,15833],{"class":52},[46,98124,507],{"class":60},[46,98126,11551],{"class":102},[46,98128,8814],{"class":60},[46,98130,98131,98133,98135,98137],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,98132,91],{"class":90},[46,98134,94],{"class":60},[46,98136,15833],{"class":102},[46,98138,215],{"class":60},[20,98140,143],{},[37,98142,98143],{"className":39,"code":97419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,98144,98145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98146,98147,98149],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98148,6459],{"class":1270},[46,98150,8814],{"class":60},[283,98152,1853,98154,98156],{"id":98153},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98155,11489],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98158,98159,98161,98162,98164],{},[15,98160,11489],{}," removes ",[3924,98163,3897],{}," items from the set.",[20,98166,98167,98168,3065,98173,507],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[501,98169,98171],{"href":98170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98172,55691],{},[501,98174,98176],{"href":98175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98177,12931],{},[283,98179,578,98181,98183],{"id":98180},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98182,3973],{}," for an empty set",[20,98185,25858],{},[37,98187,98189],{"className":39,"code":98188,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98190,98191,98200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98192,98193,98196,98198],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98194,98195],{"class":52},"empty_value ",[46,98197,57],{"class":56},[46,98199,10007],{"class":60},[46,98201,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98213],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98203,91],{"class":90},[46,98205,94],{"class":60},[46,98207,1889],{"class":1270},[46,98209,94],{"class":60},[46,98211,98212],{"class":102},"empty_value",[46,98214,106],{"class":60},[20,98216,143],{},[37,98218,98219],{"className":39,"code":8980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,98220,98221],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98222,98223,98225,98227,98229,98231,98233],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98224,3476],{"class":56},[46,98226,3479],{"class":1140},[46,98228,1197],{"class":426},[46,98230,8993],{"class":430},[46,98232,1188],{"class":426},[46,98234,3488],{"class":56},[20,98236,98237,8960],{},[15,98238,3973],{},[20,98240,98241],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[37,98243,98245],{"className":39,"code":98244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98246,98247,98258],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98248,98249,98252,98254,98256],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98250,98251],{"class":52},"empty_set ",[46,98253,57],{"class":56},[46,98255,15800],{"class":1270},[46,98257,8814],{"class":60},[46,98259,98260,98262,98264,98266,98268,98271],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98261,91],{"class":90},[46,98263,94],{"class":60},[46,98265,1889],{"class":1270},[46,98267,94],{"class":60},[46,98269,98270],{"class":102},"empty_set",[46,98272,106],{"class":60},[20,98274,143],{},[37,98276,98277],{"className":39,"code":9024,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,98278,98279],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98280,98281,98283,98285,98287,98289,98291],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98282,3476],{"class":56},[46,98284,3479],{"class":1140},[46,98286,1197],{"class":426},[46,98288,6459],{"class":430},[46,98290,1188],{"class":426},[46,98292,3488],{"class":56},[283,98294,98296],{"id":98295},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[37,98298,98300],{"className":39,"code":98299,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98301,98302,98326,98334,98338,98348,98352,98362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98303,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318,98320,98322,98324],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98305,2741],{"class":52},[46,98307,57],{"class":56},[46,98309,10660],{"class":60},[46,98311,427],{"class":426},[46,98313,1589],{"class":430},[46,98315,427],{"class":426},[46,98317,68],{"class":60},[46,98319,438],{"class":426},[46,98321,11914],{"class":430},[46,98323,427],{"class":426},[46,98325,1105],{"class":60},[46,98327,98328,98330,98332],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98329,2769],{"class":52},[46,98331,57],{"class":56},[46,98333,36344],{"class":52},[46,98335,98336],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,98337,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,98339,98340,98342,98344,98346],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,98341,501],{"class":52},[46,98343,507],{"class":60},[46,98345,11551],{"class":102},[46,98347,8814],{"class":60},[46,98349,98350],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,98351,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,98353,98354,98356,98358,98360],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,98355,91],{"class":90},[46,98357,94],{"class":60},[46,98359,501],{"class":102},[46,98361,215],{"class":60},[46,98363,98364,98366,98368,98370],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,98365,91],{"class":90},[46,98367,94],{"class":60},[46,98369,4935],{"class":102},[46,98371,215],{"class":60},[20,98373,143],{},[37,98375,98376],{"className":39,"code":97693,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,98377,98378,98384],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98379,98380,98382],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98381,6459],{"class":1270},[46,98383,8814],{"class":60},[46,98385,98386,98388],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98387,6459],{"class":1270},[46,98389,8814],{"class":60},[20,98391,29228,98392,2051,98394,98396],{},[15,98393,501],{},[15,98395,4935],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[32,98398,1991],{"id":1990},[283,98400,1995,98402,1998],{"id":98401},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98403,97361],{},[20,98405,5320,98406,98408],{},[15,98407,1326],{},". It empties the set in place.",[283,98410,12872,98412,98414],{"id":98411},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98413,11489],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98416,98417],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[283,98419,98421],{"id":98420},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98423,98424,98425,98427,98428,507],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98426,11489],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98429,3978],{},[283,98431,2048,98433,2051,98435,2035],{"id":98432},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98434,11489],{},[15,98436,3978],{},[20,98438,98439,98441,98442,98444],{},[15,98440,11489],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98443,3978],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[32,98446,2065],{"id":2064},[172,98448,98449,98453,98457,98464,98470,98476],{},[175,98450,98451],{},[501,98452,96289],{"href":97460},[175,98454,98455],{},[501,98456,97299],{"href":97844},[175,98458,98459],{},[501,98460,96775,98462,10910],{"href":98461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98463,96164],{},[175,98465,98466],{},[501,98467,96775,98468,10910],{"href":98170},[15,98469,55691],{},[175,98471,98472],{},[501,98473,96775,98474,10910],{"href":98175},[15,98475,12931],{},[175,98477,98478],{},[501,98479,96775,98481,10910],{"href":98480},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98482,15120],{},[2103,98484,98485],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":98487},[98488,98490,98491,98492,98499,98500,98509,98518],{"id":97435,"depth":87,"text":98489},"What set.clear() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":97599,"depth":87,"text":98493,"children":98494},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98495,98497],{"id":97612,"depth":109,"text":98496},"Using clear()",{"id":97716,"depth":109,"text":98498},"Using set()",{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":98501},[98502,98504,98506,98508],{"id":98028,"depth":109,"text":98503},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98153,"depth":109,"text":98505},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98180,"depth":109,"text":98507},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98295,"depth":109,"text":98296},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":98510},[98511,98513,98515,98516],{"id":98401,"depth":109,"text":98512},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98411,"depth":109,"text":98514},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98420,"depth":109,"text":98421},{"id":98432,"depth":109,"text":98517},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97349,"description":98519},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98526,"title":98527,"body":98528,"description":100360,"extension":2150,"meta":100361,"navigation":112,"path":96292,"seo":100362,"stem":100363,"__hash__":100364},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98529,"toc":100317},[98530,98533,98536,98539,98541,98644,98648,98695,98701,98703,98722,98726,98729,98731,98745,98754,98758,98761,98796,98800,98820,98823,98827,98830,98891,98895,98920,98927,98933,98938,98940,98952,98956,99005,99009,99033,99040,99044,99085,99089,99110,99114,99147,99151,99192,99195,99199,99204,99243,99247,99272,99277,99283,99320,99324,99347,99351,99353,99356,99359,99436,99440,99477,99480,99484,99490,99493,99503,99552,99558,99564,99591,99594,99616,99618,99649,99652,99656,99660,99699,99703,99766,99769,99802,99806,99831,99833,99836,99842,99845,99872,99875,99893,99897,99901,99904,99947,99950,99954,99957,99960,99990,99993,99997,100000,100015,100020,100024,100027,100116,100118,100121,100211,100214,100232,100234,100238,100248,100252,100260,100264,100267,100271,100274,100278,100281,100283,100311,100314],[10,98531,98527],{"id":98532},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98534,98535],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98537,98538],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[32,98540,3792],{"id":3791},[37,98542,98544],{"className":39,"code":98543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98545,98546,98566,98600,98610,98614,98624,98634],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98547,98548,98550,98552,98554,98556,98558,98560,98562,98564],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98549,53],{"class":52},[46,98551,57],{"class":56},[46,98553,10660],{"class":60},[46,98555,3175],{"class":64},[46,98557,68],{"class":60},[46,98559,71],{"class":64},[46,98561,68],{"class":60},[46,98563,312],{"class":64},[46,98565,1105],{"class":60},[46,98567,98568,98570,98572,98574,98576,98578,98580,98582,98584,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98569,419],{"class":52},[46,98571,57],{"class":56},[46,98573,15800],{"class":1270},[46,98575,3172],{"class":60},[46,98577,427],{"class":426},[46,98579,756],{"class":430},[46,98581,427],{"class":426},[46,98583,68],{"class":60},[46,98585,438],{"class":426},[46,98587,450],{"class":430},[46,98589,427],{"class":426},[46,98591,68],{"class":60},[46,98593,438],{"class":426},[46,98595,756],{"class":430},[46,98597,427],{"class":426},[46,98599,1161],{"class":60},[46,98601,98602,98604,98606,98608],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,98603,98251],{"class":52},[46,98605,57],{"class":56},[46,98607,15800],{"class":1270},[46,98609,8814],{"class":60},[46,98611,98612],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,98613,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,98615,98616,98618,98620,98622],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,98617,91],{"class":90},[46,98619,94],{"class":60},[46,98621,103],{"class":102},[46,98623,215],{"class":60},[46,98625,98626,98628,98630,98632],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,98627,91],{"class":90},[46,98629,94],{"class":60},[46,98631,467],{"class":102},[46,98633,215],{"class":60},[46,98635,98636,98638,98640,98642],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,98637,91],{"class":90},[46,98639,94],{"class":60},[46,98641,98270],{"class":102},[46,98643,215],{"class":60},[20,98645,98646],{},[3924,98647,143],{},[37,98649,98651],{"className":39,"code":98650,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98652,98653,98669,98689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98654,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663,98665,98667],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98656,1185],{"class":60},[46,98658,3175],{"class":64},[46,98660,68],{"class":60},[46,98662,71],{"class":64},[46,98664,68],{"class":60},[46,98666,312],{"class":64},[46,98668,1105],{"class":60},[46,98670,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98672,1185],{"class":60},[46,98674,1188],{"class":426},[46,98676,450],{"class":430},[46,98678,1188],{"class":426},[46,98680,68],{"class":60},[46,98682,1197],{"class":426},[46,98684,756],{"class":430},[46,98686,1188],{"class":426},[46,98688,1105],{"class":60},[46,98690,98691,98693],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,98692,6459],{"class":1270},[46,98694,8814],{"class":60},[20,98696,98697,98698,98700],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98699,3978],{}," for an empty set.",[32,98702,15329],{"id":15328},[172,98704,98705,98708,98713,98716,98719],{},[175,98706,98707],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[175,98709,98710,98711],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98712,3978],{},[175,98714,98715],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[175,98717,98718],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[175,98720,98721],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[32,98723,98725],{"id":98724},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98727,98728],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98730,30708],{},[172,98732,98733,98736,98739,98742],{},[175,98734,98735],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[175,98737,98738],{},"Sets are unordered",[175,98740,98741],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[175,98743,98744],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98746,98747,98748,3065,98750,507],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[501,98749,96289],{"href":97460},[501,98751,98753],{"href":98752},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[32,98755,98757],{"id":98756},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98759,98760],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[37,98762,98764],{"className":39,"code":98763,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98765,98766,98786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98767,98768,98770,98772,98774,98776,98778,98780,98782,98784],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98769,53],{"class":52},[46,98771,57],{"class":56},[46,98773,10660],{"class":60},[46,98775,3175],{"class":64},[46,98777,68],{"class":60},[46,98779,71],{"class":64},[46,98781,68],{"class":60},[46,98783,312],{"class":64},[46,98785,1105],{"class":60},[46,98787,98788,98790,98792,98794],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98789,91],{"class":90},[46,98791,94],{"class":60},[46,98793,103],{"class":102},[46,98795,215],{"class":60},[20,98797,98798],{},[3924,98799,30197],{},[37,98801,98802],{"className":39,"code":96568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,98803,98804],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98805,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98807,1185],{"class":60},[46,98809,3175],{"class":64},[46,98811,68],{"class":60},[46,98813,71],{"class":64},[46,98815,68],{"class":60},[46,98817,312],{"class":64},[46,98819,1105],{"class":60},[20,98821,98822],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[283,98824,98826],{"id":98825},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98828,98829],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[37,98831,98833],{"className":39,"code":98832,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98834,98835,98867,98877],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98836,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98838,53],{"class":52},[46,98840,57],{"class":56},[46,98842,10660],{"class":60},[46,98844,3175],{"class":64},[46,98846,68],{"class":60},[46,98848,71],{"class":64},[46,98850,68],{"class":60},[46,98852,71],{"class":64},[46,98854,68],{"class":60},[46,98856,312],{"class":64},[46,98858,68],{"class":60},[46,98860,312],{"class":64},[46,98862,68],{"class":60},[46,98864,312],{"class":64},[46,98866,1105],{"class":60},[46,98868,98869,98871,98873,98875],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98870,91],{"class":90},[46,98872,94],{"class":60},[46,98874,103],{"class":102},[46,98876,215],{"class":60},[46,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,98880,91],{"class":90},[46,98882,94],{"class":60},[46,98884,476],{"class":90},[46,98886,94],{"class":60},[46,98888,103],{"class":102},[46,98890,106],{"class":60},[20,98892,98893],{},[3924,98894,30197],{},[37,98896,98898],{"className":39,"code":98897,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98899,98900,98916],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98901,98902,98904,98906,98908,98910,98912,98914],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98903,1185],{"class":60},[46,98905,3175],{"class":64},[46,98907,68],{"class":60},[46,98909,71],{"class":64},[46,98911,68],{"class":60},[46,98913,312],{"class":64},[46,98915,1105],{"class":60},[46,98917,98918],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98919,46782],{"class":64},[20,98921,21145,98922,2051,98924,98926],{},[15,98923,2243],{},[15,98925,2249],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[32,98928,98930,98931],{"id":98929},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98932,3978],{},[20,98934,160,98935,98937],{},[15,98936,3978],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98939,5629],{},[172,98941,98942,98944,98946,98948],{},[175,98943,97048],{},[175,98945,96344],{},[175,98947,56627],{},[175,98949,98950],{},[15,98951,36367],{},[283,98953,98955],{"id":98954},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[37,98957,98959],{"className":39,"code":98958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98960,98961,98995],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,98962,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,98964,53],{"class":52},[46,98966,57],{"class":56},[46,98968,15800],{"class":1270},[46,98970,3172],{"class":60},[46,98972,3175],{"class":64},[46,98974,68],{"class":60},[46,98976,71],{"class":64},[46,98978,68],{"class":60},[46,98980,71],{"class":64},[46,98982,68],{"class":60},[46,98984,312],{"class":64},[46,98986,68],{"class":60},[46,98988,312],{"class":64},[46,98990,68],{"class":60},[46,98992,2643],{"class":64},[46,98994,1161],{"class":60},[46,98996,98997,98999,99001,99003],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,98998,91],{"class":90},[46,99000,94],{"class":60},[46,99002,103],{"class":102},[46,99004,215],{"class":60},[20,99006,99007],{},[3924,99008,30197],{},[37,99010,99011],{"className":39,"code":96231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,99012,99013],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99014,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99016,1185],{"class":60},[46,99018,3175],{"class":64},[46,99020,68],{"class":60},[46,99022,71],{"class":64},[46,99024,68],{"class":60},[46,99026,312],{"class":64},[46,99028,68],{"class":60},[46,99030,2643],{"class":64},[46,99032,1105],{"class":60},[20,99034,99035,99036,507],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[501,99037,99039],{"href":99038},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[283,99041,99043],{"id":99042},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[37,99045,99047],{"className":39,"code":99046,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99048,99049,99075],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99050,99051,99053,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99052,4004],{"class":52},[46,99054,57],{"class":56},[46,99056,15800],{"class":1270},[46,99058,5682],{"class":60},[46,99060,1494],{"class":64},[46,99062,68],{"class":60},[46,99064,7962],{"class":64},[46,99066,68],{"class":60},[46,99068,7962],{"class":64},[46,99070,68],{"class":60},[46,99072,7967],{"class":64},[46,99074,106],{"class":60},[46,99076,99077,99079,99081,99083],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99078,91],{"class":90},[46,99080,94],{"class":60},[46,99082,5530],{"class":102},[46,99084,215],{"class":60},[20,99086,99087],{},[3924,99088,30197],{},[37,99090,99092],{"className":39,"code":99091,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99093,99094],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99095,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106,99108],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99097,1185],{"class":60},[46,99099,1494],{"class":64},[46,99101,68],{"class":60},[46,99103,7962],{"class":64},[46,99105,68],{"class":60},[46,99107,7967],{"class":64},[46,99109,1105],{"class":60},[283,99111,99113],{"id":99112},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[37,99115,99117],{"className":39,"code":99116,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99118,99119,99137],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99120,99121,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99122,36259],{"class":52},[46,99124,57],{"class":56},[46,99126,15800],{"class":1270},[46,99128,94],{"class":60},[46,99130,427],{"class":426},[46,99132,4027],{"class":430},[46,99134,427],{"class":426},[46,99136,215],{"class":60},[46,99138,99139,99141,99143,99145],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99140,91],{"class":90},[46,99142,94],{"class":60},[46,99144,36312],{"class":102},[46,99146,215],{"class":60},[20,99148,99149],{},[3924,99150,30197],{},[37,99152,99154],{"className":39,"code":99153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99155,99156],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99157,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99159,1185],{"class":60},[46,99161,1188],{"class":426},[46,99163,60598],{"class":430},[46,99165,1188],{"class":426},[46,99167,68],{"class":60},[46,99169,1197],{"class":426},[46,99171,60607],{"class":430},[46,99173,1188],{"class":426},[46,99175,68],{"class":60},[46,99177,1197],{"class":426},[46,99179,60616],{"class":430},[46,99181,1188],{"class":426},[46,99183,68],{"class":60},[46,99185,1197],{"class":426},[46,99187,60633],{"class":430},[46,99189,1188],{"class":426},[46,99191,1105],{"class":60},[20,99193,99194],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[32,99196,99198],{"id":99197},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99200,99201,99202,507],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99203,3978],{},[37,99205,99207],{"className":39,"code":99206,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99208,99209,99219,99229],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99210,99211,99213,99215,99217],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99212,98251],{"class":52},[46,99214,57],{"class":56},[46,99216,15800],{"class":1270},[46,99218,8814],{"class":60},[46,99220,99221,99223,99225,99227],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99222,91],{"class":90},[46,99224,94],{"class":60},[46,99226,98270],{"class":102},[46,99228,215],{"class":60},[46,99230,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,99232,91],{"class":90},[46,99234,94],{"class":60},[46,99236,1889],{"class":1270},[46,99238,94],{"class":60},[46,99240,98270],{"class":102},[46,99242,106],{"class":60},[20,99244,99245],{},[3924,99246,143],{},[37,99248,99250],{"className":39,"code":99249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99251,99252,99258],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99253,99254,99256],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99255,6459],{"class":1270},[46,99257,8814],{"class":60},[46,99259,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99261,3476],{"class":56},[46,99263,3479],{"class":1140},[46,99265,1197],{"class":426},[46,99267,6459],{"class":430},[46,99269,1188],{"class":426},[46,99271,3488],{"class":56},[283,99273,44593,99275],{"id":99274},"do-not-use",[15,99276,3973],{},[20,99278,99279,99280,99282],{},"Empty braces do ",[3924,99281,4805],{}," create a set.",[37,99284,99286],{"className":39,"code":99285,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99287,99288,99296,99306],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99289,99290,99292,99294],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99291,98195],{"class":52},[46,99293,57],{"class":56},[46,99295,10007],{"class":60},[46,99297,99298,99300,99302,99304],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99299,91],{"class":90},[46,99301,94],{"class":60},[46,99303,98212],{"class":102},[46,99305,215],{"class":60},[46,99307,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,99309,91],{"class":90},[46,99311,94],{"class":60},[46,99313,1889],{"class":1270},[46,99315,94],{"class":60},[46,99317,98212],{"class":102},[46,99319,106],{"class":60},[20,99321,99322],{},[3924,99323,143],{},[37,99325,99327],{"className":39,"code":99326,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99328,99329,99333],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99330,99331],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99332,9603],{"class":60},[46,99334,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343,99345],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99336,3476],{"class":56},[46,99338,3479],{"class":1140},[46,99340,1197],{"class":426},[46,99342,8993],{"class":430},[46,99344,1188],{"class":426},[46,99346,3488],{"class":56},[20,99348,99349,8960],{},[15,99350,3973],{},[32,99352,72426],{"id":72425},[20,99354,99355],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99357,99358],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[37,99360,99362],{"className":39,"code":99361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99363,99364,99412,99422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99365,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400,99402,99404,99406,99408,99410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99367,419],{"class":52},[46,99369,57],{"class":56},[46,99371,10660],{"class":60},[46,99373,427],{"class":426},[46,99375,756],{"class":430},[46,99377,427],{"class":426},[46,99379,68],{"class":60},[46,99381,438],{"class":426},[46,99383,450],{"class":430},[46,99385,427],{"class":426},[46,99387,68],{"class":60},[46,99389,438],{"class":426},[46,99391,756],{"class":430},[46,99393,427],{"class":426},[46,99395,68],{"class":60},[46,99397,438],{"class":426},[46,99399,756],{"class":430},[46,99401,427],{"class":426},[46,99403,68],{"class":60},[46,99405,438],{"class":426},[46,99407,33389],{"class":430},[46,99409,427],{"class":426},[46,99411,1105],{"class":60},[46,99413,99414,99416,99418,99420],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99415,91],{"class":90},[46,99417,94],{"class":60},[46,99419,467],{"class":102},[46,99421,215],{"class":60},[46,99423,99424,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,99425,91],{"class":90},[46,99427,94],{"class":60},[46,99429,476],{"class":90},[46,99431,94],{"class":60},[46,99433,467],{"class":102},[46,99435,106],{"class":60},[20,99437,99438],{},[3924,99439,30197],{},[37,99441,99443],{"className":39,"code":99442,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99444,99445,99473],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99446,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99448,1185],{"class":60},[46,99450,1188],{"class":426},[46,99452,450],{"class":430},[46,99454,1188],{"class":426},[46,99456,68],{"class":60},[46,99458,1197],{"class":426},[46,99460,33389],{"class":430},[46,99462,1188],{"class":426},[46,99464,68],{"class":60},[46,99466,1197],{"class":426},[46,99468,756],{"class":430},[46,99470,1188],{"class":426},[46,99472,1105],{"class":60},[46,99474,99475],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99476,46782],{"class":64},[20,99478,99479],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[32,99481,99483],{"id":99482},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99485,99486,99487,99489],{},"Set items must be ",[3924,99488,96332],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99491,99492],{},"These usually work:",[172,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501],{},[175,99496,56624],{},[175,99498,56627],{},[175,99500,96344],{},[175,99502,40760],{},[37,99504,99506],{"className":39,"code":99505,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99507,99508,99542],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99509,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99511,4004],{"class":52},[46,99513,57],{"class":56},[46,99515,10660],{"class":60},[46,99517,3175],{"class":64},[46,99519,68],{"class":60},[46,99521,438],{"class":426},[46,99523,756],{"class":430},[46,99525,427],{"class":426},[46,99527,68],{"class":60},[46,99529,9406],{"class":60},[46,99531,1494],{"class":64},[46,99533,68],{"class":60},[46,99535,7962],{"class":64},[46,99537,9403],{"class":60},[46,99539,4093],{"class":1325},[46,99541,1105],{"class":60},[46,99543,99544,99546,99548,99550],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99545,91],{"class":90},[46,99547,94],{"class":60},[46,99549,5530],{"class":102},[46,99551,215],{"class":60},[20,99553,99554,99555,99557],{},"These do ",[3924,99556,4805],{}," work directly:",[172,99559,99560,99562],{},[175,99561,97048],{},[175,99563,97051],{},[37,99565,99567],{"className":39,"code":99566,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99568,99569],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99570,99571,99574,99576,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99572,99573],{"class":52},"bad_set ",[46,99575,57],{"class":56},[46,99577,99578],{"class":60}," {[",[46,99580,3175],{"class":64},[46,99582,68],{"class":60},[46,99584,71],{"class":64},[46,99586,68],{"class":60},[46,99588,312],{"class":64},[46,99590,13873],{"class":60},[20,99592,99593],{},"This raises an error:",[37,99595,99596],{"className":39,"code":97107,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,99597,99598],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99599,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99601,1638],{"class":1270},[46,99603,198],{"class":60},[46,99605,97118],{"class":52},[46,99607,1889],{"class":1270},[46,99609,198],{"class":60},[46,99611,1197],{"class":426},[46,99613,8265],{"class":430},[46,99615,29867],{"class":426},[20,99617,52243],{},[37,99619,99621],{"className":39,"code":99620,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99622,99623],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99624,99625,99627,99629,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99626,99573],{"class":52},[46,99628,57],{"class":56},[46,99630,99631],{"class":60}," {{",[46,99633,427],{"class":426},[46,99635,1009],{"class":430},[46,99637,427],{"class":426},[46,99639,198],{"class":60},[46,99641,438],{"class":426},[46,99643,7849],{"class":430},[46,99645,427],{"class":426},[46,99647,99648],{"class":60},"}}\n",[20,99650,99651],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[32,99653,99655],{"id":99654},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[283,99657,99659],{"id":99658},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[37,99661,99663],{"className":39,"code":99662,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99664,99665,99689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99666,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681,99683,99685,99687],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99668,53],{"class":52},[46,99670,57],{"class":56},[46,99672,10660],{"class":60},[46,99674,3175],{"class":64},[46,99676,68],{"class":60},[46,99678,71],{"class":64},[46,99680,68],{"class":60},[46,99682,312],{"class":64},[46,99684,68],{"class":60},[46,99686,2643],{"class":64},[46,99688,1105],{"class":60},[46,99690,99691,99693,99695,99697],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99692,91],{"class":90},[46,99694,94],{"class":60},[46,99696,103],{"class":102},[46,99698,215],{"class":60},[283,99700,99702],{"id":99701},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[37,99704,99706],{"className":39,"code":99705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99707,99708,99736,99751,99755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99709,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99711,1398],{"class":52},[46,99713,57],{"class":56},[46,99715,61],{"class":60},[46,99717,3175],{"class":64},[46,99719,68],{"class":60},[46,99721,81],{"class":64},[46,99723,68],{"class":60},[46,99725,71],{"class":64},[46,99727,68],{"class":60},[46,99729,312],{"class":64},[46,99731,68],{"class":60},[46,99733,312],{"class":64},[46,99735,84],{"class":60},[46,99737,99738,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99739,99740],{"class":52},"unique_items ",[46,99742,57],{"class":56},[46,99744,15800],{"class":1270},[46,99746,94],{"class":60},[46,99748,1415],{"class":102},[46,99750,215],{"class":60},[46,99752,99753],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,99754,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,99756,99757,99759,99761,99764],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,99758,91],{"class":90},[46,99760,94],{"class":60},[46,99762,99763],{"class":102},"unique_items",[46,99765,215],{"class":60},[283,99767,99113],{"id":99768},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[37,99770,99772],{"className":39,"code":99771,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99773,99774,99792],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99775,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99777,36259],{"class":52},[46,99779,57],{"class":56},[46,99781,15800],{"class":1270},[46,99783,94],{"class":60},[46,99785,427],{"class":426},[46,99787,450],{"class":430},[46,99789,427],{"class":426},[46,99791,215],{"class":60},[46,99793,99794,99796,99798,99800],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99795,91],{"class":90},[46,99797,94],{"class":60},[46,99799,36312],{"class":102},[46,99801,215],{"class":60},[283,99803,99805],{"id":99804},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[37,99807,99809],{"className":39,"code":99808,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99810,99811,99821],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99812,99813,99815,99817,99819],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99814,98251],{"class":52},[46,99816,57],{"class":56},[46,99818,15800],{"class":1270},[46,99820,8814],{"class":60},[46,99822,99823,99825,99827,99829],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99824,91],{"class":90},[46,99826,94],{"class":60},[46,99828,98270],{"class":102},[46,99830,215],{"class":60},[32,99832,1834],{"id":1833},[20,99834,99835],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[283,99837,578,99839,99841],{"id":99838},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99840,3973],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99843,99844],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[37,99846,99848],{"className":39,"code":99847,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99849,99850,99858],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99851,99852,99854,99856],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99853,2633],{"class":52},[46,99855,57],{"class":56},[46,99857,10007],{"class":60},[46,99859,99860,99862,99864,99866,99868,99870],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99861,91],{"class":90},[46,99863,94],{"class":60},[46,99865,1889],{"class":1270},[46,99867,94],{"class":60},[46,99869,2659],{"class":102},[46,99871,106],{"class":60},[20,99873,99874],{},"This prints:",[37,99876,99877],{"className":39,"code":8980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,99878,99879],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99880,99881,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99882,3476],{"class":56},[46,99884,3479],{"class":1140},[46,99886,1197],{"class":426},[46,99888,8993],{"class":430},[46,99890,1188],{"class":426},[46,99892,3488],{"class":56},[20,99894,160,99895,6803],{},[15,99896,3978],{},[283,99898,99900],{"id":99899},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99902,99903],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[37,99905,99907],{"className":39,"code":99906,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99908,99909,99937],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99910,99911,99913,99915,99917,99919,99921,99923,99925,99927,99929,99931,99933,99935],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99912,53],{"class":52},[46,99914,57],{"class":56},[46,99916,10660],{"class":60},[46,99918,3175],{"class":64},[46,99920,68],{"class":60},[46,99922,81],{"class":64},[46,99924,68],{"class":60},[46,99926,71],{"class":64},[46,99928,68],{"class":60},[46,99930,71],{"class":64},[46,99932,68],{"class":60},[46,99934,312],{"class":64},[46,99936,1105],{"class":60},[46,99938,99939,99941,99943,99945],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99940,91],{"class":90},[46,99942,94],{"class":60},[46,99944,103],{"class":102},[46,99946,215],{"class":60},[20,99948,99949],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[283,99951,99953],{"id":99952},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99955,99956],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99958,99959],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[37,99961,99963],{"className":39,"code":99962,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99964,99965,99985],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,99966,99967,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,99968,53],{"class":52},[46,99970,57],{"class":56},[46,99972,10660],{"class":60},[46,99974,1494],{"class":64},[46,99976,68],{"class":60},[46,99978,7962],{"class":64},[46,99980,68],{"class":60},[46,99982,7967],{"class":64},[46,99984,1105],{"class":60},[46,99986,99987],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,99988,99989],{"class":3845},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99991,99992],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[283,99994,99996],{"id":99995},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99998,99999],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[37,100001,100003],{"className":39,"code":100002,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100004,100005,100010],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100006,100007],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100008,100009],{"class":3845},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[46,100011,100012],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100013,100014],{"class":3845},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100016,100017,100018,507],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100019,1638],{},[283,100021,100023],{"id":100022},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100025,100026],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[37,100028,100030],{"className":39,"code":100029,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100031,100032,100052,100084,100088,100102],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100033,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046,100048,100050],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100035,15795],{"class":52},[46,100037,57],{"class":56},[46,100039,10660],{"class":60},[46,100041,3175],{"class":64},[46,100043,68],{"class":60},[46,100045,71],{"class":64},[46,100047,68],{"class":60},[46,100049,312],{"class":64},[46,100051,1105],{"class":60},[46,100053,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070,100072,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100055,11893],{"class":52},[46,100057,57],{"class":56},[46,100059,10660],{"class":60},[46,100061,427],{"class":426},[46,100063,501],{"class":430},[46,100065,427],{"class":426},[46,100067,198],{"class":60},[46,100069,81],{"class":64},[46,100071,68],{"class":60},[46,100073,438],{"class":426},[46,100075,4935],{"class":430},[46,100077,427],{"class":426},[46,100079,198],{"class":60},[46,100081,71],{"class":64},[46,100083,1105],{"class":60},[46,100085,100086],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,100087,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,100089,100090,100092,100094,100096,100098,100100],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,100091,91],{"class":90},[46,100093,94],{"class":60},[46,100095,1889],{"class":1270},[46,100097,94],{"class":60},[46,100099,15833],{"class":102},[46,100101,106],{"class":60},[46,100103,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112,100114],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,100105,91],{"class":90},[46,100107,94],{"class":60},[46,100109,1889],{"class":1270},[46,100111,94],{"class":60},[46,100113,11618],{"class":102},[46,100115,106],{"class":60},[32,100117,92744],{"id":92743},[20,100119,100120],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[37,100122,100124],{"className":39,"code":100123,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100125,100126,100152,100156,100170,100180,100194,100201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100127,100128,100130,100132,100134,100136,100138,100140,100142,100144,100146,100148,100150],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100129,15795],{"class":52},[46,100131,57],{"class":56},[46,100133,15800],{"class":1270},[46,100135,3172],{"class":60},[46,100137,3175],{"class":64},[46,100139,68],{"class":60},[46,100141,71],{"class":64},[46,100143,68],{"class":60},[46,100145,71],{"class":64},[46,100147,68],{"class":60},[46,100149,312],{"class":64},[46,100151,1161],{"class":60},[46,100153,100154],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100155,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,100157,100158,100160,100162,100164,100166,100168],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,100159,91],{"class":90},[46,100161,94],{"class":60},[46,100163,1889],{"class":1270},[46,100165,94],{"class":60},[46,100167,15833],{"class":102},[46,100169,106],{"class":60},[46,100171,100172,100174,100176,100178],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,100173,91],{"class":90},[46,100175,94],{"class":60},[46,100177,15833],{"class":102},[46,100179,215],{"class":60},[46,100181,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,100183,91],{"class":90},[46,100185,94],{"class":60},[46,100187,476],{"class":90},[46,100189,94],{"class":60},[46,100191,15833],{"class":102},[46,100193,106],{"class":60},[46,100195,100196,100198],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,100197,91],{"class":90},[46,100199,100200],{"class":60},"({})\n",[46,100202,100203,100205,100207,100209],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,100204,91],{"class":90},[46,100206,94],{"class":60},[46,100208,6459],{"class":1270},[46,100210,7367],{"class":60},[20,100212,100213],{},"Use these to confirm:",[172,100215,100216,100219,100222,100225],{},[175,100217,100218],{},"The object type",[175,100220,100221],{},"The actual values stored",[175,100223,100224],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[175,100226,100227,100228,2051,100230],{},"The difference between ",[15,100229,3973],{},[15,100231,3978],{},[32,100233,1991],{"id":1990},[283,100235,100237],{"id":100236},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100239,100240,100241,100244,100245,100247],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100242,100243],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100246,3978],{}," with another iterable.",[283,100249,100251],{"id":100250},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100253,160,100254,100256,100257,100259],{},[15,100255,3978],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100258,3973],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[283,100261,100263],{"id":100262},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100265,100266],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[283,100268,100270],{"id":100269},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100272,100273],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[283,100275,100277],{"id":100276},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100279,100280],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[32,100282,2065],{"id":2064},[172,100284,100285,100289,100295,100301,100306],{},[175,100286,100287],{},[501,100288,96289],{"href":97460},[175,100290,100291],{},[501,100292,13,100293,10910],{"href":98461},[15,100294,96169],{},[175,100296,100297],{},[501,100298,13,100299,10910],{"href":98480},[15,100300,97275],{},[175,100302,100303],{},[501,100304,100305],{"href":99038},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[175,100307,100308],{},[501,100309,100310],{"href":98752},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100312,100313],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2103,100315,100316],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":100318},[100319,100320,100321,100322,100325,100331,100335,100336,100337,100343,100351,100352,100359],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":15328,"depth":87,"text":15329},{"id":98724,"depth":87,"text":98725},{"id":98756,"depth":87,"text":98757,"children":100323},[100324],{"id":98825,"depth":109,"text":98826},{"id":98929,"depth":87,"text":100326,"children":100327},"Create a set with set()",[100328,100329,100330],{"id":98954,"depth":109,"text":98955},{"id":99042,"depth":109,"text":99043},{"id":99112,"depth":109,"text":99113},{"id":99197,"depth":87,"text":99198,"children":100332},[100333],{"id":99274,"depth":109,"text":100334},"Do not use {}",{"id":72425,"depth":87,"text":72426},{"id":99482,"depth":87,"text":99483},{"id":99654,"depth":87,"text":99655,"children":100338},[100339,100340,100341,100342],{"id":99658,"depth":109,"text":99659},{"id":99701,"depth":109,"text":99702},{"id":99768,"depth":109,"text":99113},{"id":99804,"depth":109,"text":99805},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":100344},[100345,100347,100348,100349,100350],{"id":99838,"depth":109,"text":100346},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99899,"depth":109,"text":99900},{"id":99952,"depth":109,"text":99953},{"id":99995,"depth":109,"text":99996},{"id":100022,"depth":109,"text":100023},{"id":92743,"depth":87,"text":92744},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":100353},[100354,100355,100356,100357,100358],{"id":100236,"depth":109,"text":100237},{"id":100250,"depth":109,"text":100251},{"id":100262,"depth":109,"text":100263},{"id":100269,"depth":109,"text":100270},{"id":100276,"depth":109,"text":100277},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98527,"description":100360},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100366,"title":100367,"body":100368,"description":102799,"extension":2150,"meta":102800,"navigation":112,"path":102801,"seo":102802,"stem":102803,"__hash__":102804},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100369,"toc":102764},[100370,100376,100382,100385,100387,100464,100466,100483,100493,100495,100500,100508,100510,100526,100530,100532,100534,100537,100558,100561,100585,100591,100593,100690,100692,100709,100719,100721,100723,100731,100733,100744,100746,100837,100839,100863,100874,100876,100878,100881,101011,101013,101086,101088,101109,101112,101114,101120,101125,101128,101255,101257,101274,101277,101279,101287,101290,101294,101302,101393,101395,101432,101437,101444,101521,101523,101539,101544,101549,101551,101560,101568,101649,101651,101680,101683,101687,101698,101701,101784,101786,101807,101813,101815,101817,101821,101825,101832,101897,101899,101919,101922,101991,101993,102009,102013,102019,102031,102039,102041,102126,102128,102157,102160,102164,102169,102171,102221,102224,102305,102307,102323,102327,102330,102405,102408,102412,102415,102492,102494,102527,102533,102537,102540,102675,102677,102691,102693,102695,102701,102704,102711,102719,102725,102728,102732,102735,102737,102739,102761],[10,100371,96161,100373,11490],{"id":100372},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100374,100375],{},"difference()",[20,100377,100378,100381],{},[15,100379,100380],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100383,100384],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[32,100386,3792],{"id":3791},[37,100388,100390],{"className":39,"code":100389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100391,100392,100416,100436,100454],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100393,100394,100396,100398,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412,100414],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100395,2741],{"class":52},[46,100397,57],{"class":56},[46,100399,10660],{"class":60},[46,100401,3175],{"class":64},[46,100403,68],{"class":60},[46,100405,71],{"class":64},[46,100407,68],{"class":60},[46,100409,312],{"class":64},[46,100411,68],{"class":60},[46,100413,2643],{"class":64},[46,100415,1105],{"class":60},[46,100417,100418,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100419,2769],{"class":52},[46,100421,57],{"class":56},[46,100423,10660],{"class":60},[46,100425,2249],{"class":64},[46,100427,68],{"class":60},[46,100429,2643],{"class":64},[46,100431,68],{"class":60},[46,100433,1508],{"class":64},[46,100435,1105],{"class":60},[46,100437,100438,100440,100442,100444,100446,100448,100450,100452],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,100439,2416],{"class":52},[46,100441,57],{"class":56},[46,100443,57049],{"class":52},[46,100445,507],{"class":60},[46,100447,2999],{"class":102},[46,100449,94],{"class":60},[46,100451,4935],{"class":102},[46,100453,215],{"class":60},[46,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,100457,91],{"class":90},[46,100459,94],{"class":60},[46,100461,2451],{"class":102},[46,100463,215],{"class":60},[20,100465,143],{},[37,100467,100469],{"className":39,"code":100468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100470,100471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100472,100473,100475,100477,100479,100481],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100474,1185],{"class":60},[46,100476,3175],{"class":64},[46,100478,68],{"class":60},[46,100480,71],{"class":64},[46,100482,1105],{"class":60},[20,100484,100485,100487,100488,100490,100491,507],{},[15,100486,100375],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100489,501],{}," that are not in ",[15,100492,4935],{},[45081,100494],{},[32,100496,167,100498,170],{"id":100497},"what-difference-does",[15,100499,100375],{},[20,100501,882,100502,100504,100505,100507],{},[15,100503,100375],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3924,100506,4805],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100509,13219],{},[172,100511,100512,100517,100520,100523],{},[175,100513,100514,100516],{},[15,100515,100375],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[175,100518,100519],{},"It creates a new set",[175,100521,100522],{},"It does not change the original set",[175,100524,100525],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100527,96285,100528,507],{},[501,100529,96289],{"href":97460},[45081,100531],{},[32,100533,2343],{"id":2342},[20,100535,100536],{},"Use this form:",[37,100538,100540],{"className":39,"code":100539,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100541,100542],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100543,100544,100547,100549,100551,100553,100556],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100545,100546],{"class":52},"set1",[46,100548,507],{"class":60},[46,100550,2999],{"class":102},[46,100552,94],{"class":60},[46,100554,100555],{"class":102},"set2",[46,100557,215],{"class":60},[20,100559,100560],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[37,100562,100564],{"className":39,"code":100563,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100565,100566],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100567,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576,100578,100580,100583],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100569,100546],{"class":52},[46,100571,507],{"class":60},[46,100573,2999],{"class":102},[46,100575,94],{"class":60},[46,100577,100555],{"class":102},[46,100579,68],{"class":60},[46,100581,100582],{"class":102}," set3",[46,100584,215],{"class":60},[20,100586,100587,100588,100590],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3924,100589,5525],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100592,2393],{},[37,100594,100596],{"className":39,"code":100595,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100597,100598,100626,100642,100654,100658,100680],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100599,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622,100624],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100601,2741],{"class":52},[46,100603,57],{"class":56},[46,100605,10660],{"class":60},[46,100607,3175],{"class":64},[46,100609,68],{"class":60},[46,100611,71],{"class":64},[46,100613,68],{"class":60},[46,100615,312],{"class":64},[46,100617,68],{"class":60},[46,100619,2643],{"class":64},[46,100621,68],{"class":60},[46,100623,1508],{"class":64},[46,100625,1105],{"class":60},[46,100627,100628,100630,100632,100634,100636,100638,100640],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100629,2769],{"class":52},[46,100631,57],{"class":56},[46,100633,10660],{"class":60},[46,100635,2243],{"class":64},[46,100637,68],{"class":60},[46,100639,312],{"class":64},[46,100641,1105],{"class":60},[46,100643,100644,100646,100648,100650,100652],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,100645,83329],{"class":52},[46,100647,57],{"class":56},[46,100649,10660],{"class":60},[46,100651,65],{"class":64},[46,100653,1105],{"class":60},[46,100655,100656],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,100657,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,100659,100660,100662,100664,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676,100678],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,100661,2416],{"class":52},[46,100663,57],{"class":56},[46,100665,57049],{"class":52},[46,100667,507],{"class":60},[46,100669,2999],{"class":102},[46,100671,94],{"class":60},[46,100673,4935],{"class":102},[46,100675,68],{"class":60},[46,100677,9850],{"class":102},[46,100679,215],{"class":60},[46,100681,100682,100684,100686,100688],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,100683,91],{"class":90},[46,100685,94],{"class":60},[46,100687,2451],{"class":102},[46,100689,215],{"class":60},[20,100691,143],{},[37,100693,100695],{"className":39,"code":100694,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100696,100697],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100698,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100700,1185],{"class":60},[46,100702,3175],{"class":64},[46,100704,68],{"class":60},[46,100706,2643],{"class":64},[46,100708,1105],{"class":60},[20,100710,100711,100712,100714,100715,3065,100717,507],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100713,501],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100716,4935],{},[15,100718,9908],{},[45081,100720],{},[32,100722,17585],{"id":17584},[20,100724,100725,100727,100728,507],{},[15,100726,100375],{}," always returns a ",[3924,100729,100730],{},"new set",[20,100732,43814],{},[172,100734,100735,100738,100741],{},[175,100736,100737],{},"The return value is a new set",[175,100739,100740],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[175,100742,100743],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100745,2393],{},[37,100747,100749],{"className":39,"code":100748,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100750,100751,100767,100787,100791,100809,100813,100823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100752,100753,100755,100757,100759,100761,100763,100765],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100754,2741],{"class":52},[46,100756,57],{"class":56},[46,100758,10660],{"class":60},[46,100760,3175],{"class":64},[46,100762,68],{"class":60},[46,100764,71],{"class":64},[46,100766,1105],{"class":60},[46,100768,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100770,2769],{"class":52},[46,100772,57],{"class":56},[46,100774,10660],{"class":60},[46,100776,3175],{"class":64},[46,100778,68],{"class":60},[46,100780,71],{"class":64},[46,100782,68],{"class":60},[46,100784,312],{"class":64},[46,100786,1105],{"class":60},[46,100788,100789],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,100790,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,100792,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,100794,2416],{"class":52},[46,100796,57],{"class":56},[46,100798,57049],{"class":52},[46,100800,507],{"class":60},[46,100802,2999],{"class":102},[46,100804,94],{"class":60},[46,100806,4935],{"class":102},[46,100808,215],{"class":60},[46,100810,100811],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,100812,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,100814,100815,100817,100819,100821],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,100816,91],{"class":90},[46,100818,94],{"class":60},[46,100820,2451],{"class":102},[46,100822,215],{"class":60},[46,100824,100825,100827,100829,100831,100833,100835],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,100826,91],{"class":90},[46,100828,94],{"class":60},[46,100830,1889],{"class":1270},[46,100832,94],{"class":60},[46,100834,2451],{"class":102},[46,100836,106],{"class":60},[20,100838,143],{},[37,100840,100841],{"className":39,"code":99249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,100842,100843,100849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100844,100845,100847],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100846,6459],{"class":1270},[46,100848,8814],{"class":60},[46,100850,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100852,3476],{"class":56},[46,100854,3479],{"class":1140},[46,100856,1197],{"class":426},[46,100858,6459],{"class":430},[46,100860,1188],{"class":426},[46,100862,3488],{"class":56},[20,100864,100865,100866,19131,100868,100870,100871,100873],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100867,3978],{},[15,100869,3973],{},". In Python, ",[15,100872,3973],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45081,100875],{},[32,100877,11643],{"id":11642},[20,100879,100880],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[37,100882,100884],{"className":39,"code":100883,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100885,100886,100919,100952,100956,100976,100980,100990,101001],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,100887,100888,100891,100893,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,100889,100890],{"class":52},"fruits_a ",[46,100892,57],{"class":56},[46,100894,10660],{"class":60},[46,100896,427],{"class":426},[46,100898,756],{"class":430},[46,100900,427],{"class":426},[46,100902,68],{"class":60},[46,100904,438],{"class":426},[46,100906,450],{"class":430},[46,100908,427],{"class":426},[46,100910,68],{"class":60},[46,100912,438],{"class":426},[46,100914,33389],{"class":430},[46,100916,427],{"class":426},[46,100918,1105],{"class":60},[46,100920,100921,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936,100938,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,100922,100923],{"class":52},"fruits_b ",[46,100925,57],{"class":56},[46,100927,10660],{"class":60},[46,100929,427],{"class":426},[46,100931,450],{"class":430},[46,100933,427],{"class":426},[46,100935,68],{"class":60},[46,100937,438],{"class":426},[46,100939,33389],{"class":430},[46,100941,427],{"class":426},[46,100943,68],{"class":60},[46,100945,438],{"class":426},[46,100947,22700],{"class":430},[46,100949,427],{"class":426},[46,100951,1105],{"class":60},[46,100953,100954],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,100955,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,100957,100958,100960,100962,100965,100967,100969,100971,100974],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,100959,2416],{"class":52},[46,100961,57],{"class":56},[46,100963,100964],{"class":52}," fruits_a",[46,100966,507],{"class":60},[46,100968,2999],{"class":102},[46,100970,94],{"class":60},[46,100972,100973],{"class":102},"fruits_b",[46,100975,215],{"class":60},[46,100977,100978],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,100979,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,100981,100982,100984,100986,100988],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,100983,91],{"class":90},[46,100985,94],{"class":60},[46,100987,2451],{"class":102},[46,100989,215],{"class":60},[46,100991,100992,100994,100996,100999],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,100993,91],{"class":90},[46,100995,94],{"class":60},[46,100997,100998],{"class":102},"fruits_a",[46,101000,215],{"class":60},[46,101002,101003,101005,101007,101009],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,101004,91],{"class":90},[46,101006,94],{"class":60},[46,101008,100973],{"class":102},[46,101010,215],{"class":60},[20,101012,30197],{},[37,101014,101016],{"className":39,"code":101015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101017,101018,101030,101058],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101019,101020,101022,101024,101026,101028],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101021,1185],{"class":60},[46,101023,1188],{"class":426},[46,101025,756],{"class":430},[46,101027,1188],{"class":426},[46,101029,1105],{"class":60},[46,101031,101032,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101033,1185],{"class":60},[46,101035,1188],{"class":426},[46,101037,450],{"class":430},[46,101039,1188],{"class":426},[46,101041,68],{"class":60},[46,101043,1197],{"class":426},[46,101045,33389],{"class":430},[46,101047,1188],{"class":426},[46,101049,68],{"class":60},[46,101051,1197],{"class":426},[46,101053,756],{"class":430},[46,101055,1188],{"class":426},[46,101057,1105],{"class":60},[46,101059,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082,101084],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101061,1185],{"class":60},[46,101063,1188],{"class":426},[46,101065,450],{"class":430},[46,101067,1188],{"class":426},[46,101069,68],{"class":60},[46,101071,1197],{"class":426},[46,101073,33389],{"class":430},[46,101075,1188],{"class":426},[46,101077,68],{"class":60},[46,101079,1197],{"class":426},[46,101081,22700],{"class":430},[46,101083,1188],{"class":426},[46,101085,1105],{"class":60},[20,101087,11852],{},[172,101089,101090,101095,101100,101106],{},[175,101091,101092,101093],{},"Start with ",[15,101094,100998],{},[175,101096,101097,101098],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101099,100973],{},[175,101101,101102,101103,101105],{},"Only ",[15,101104,57994],{}," remains",[175,101107,101108],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101110,101111],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45081,101113],{},[32,101115,578,101117,101119],{"id":101116},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101118,100375],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101121,101122,101123,507],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101124,100375],{},[20,101126,101127],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[37,101129,101131],{"className":39,"code":101130,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101132,101133,101165,101182,101195,101212,101216,101245],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101147,101149,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101136,53],{"class":52},[46,101138,57],{"class":56},[46,101140,10660],{"class":60},[46,101142,3175],{"class":64},[46,101144,68],{"class":60},[46,101146,71],{"class":64},[46,101148,68],{"class":60},[46,101150,312],{"class":64},[46,101152,68],{"class":60},[46,101154,2643],{"class":64},[46,101156,68],{"class":60},[46,101158,1508],{"class":64},[46,101160,68],{"class":60},[46,101162,37811],{"class":64},[46,101164,1105],{"class":60},[46,101166,101167,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101168,101169],{"class":52},"group_a ",[46,101171,57],{"class":56},[46,101173,10660],{"class":60},[46,101175,2243],{"class":64},[46,101177,68],{"class":60},[46,101179,2643],{"class":64},[46,101181,1105],{"class":60},[46,101183,101184,101187,101189,101191,101193],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101185,101186],{"class":52},"group_b ",[46,101188,57],{"class":56},[46,101190,10660],{"class":60},[46,101192,65],{"class":64},[46,101194,1105],{"class":60},[46,101196,101197,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,101198,101199],{"class":52},"group_c ",[46,101201,57],{"class":56},[46,101203,10660],{"class":60},[46,101205,80742],{"class":64},[46,101207,68],{"class":60},[46,101209,6165],{"class":64},[46,101211,1105],{"class":60},[46,101213,101214],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,101215,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101217,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101233,101235,101238,101240,101243],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,101219,2416],{"class":52},[46,101221,57],{"class":56},[46,101223,4437],{"class":52},[46,101225,507],{"class":60},[46,101227,2999],{"class":102},[46,101229,94],{"class":60},[46,101231,101232],{"class":102},"group_a",[46,101234,68],{"class":60},[46,101236,101237],{"class":102}," group_b",[46,101239,68],{"class":60},[46,101241,101242],{"class":102}," group_c",[46,101244,215],{"class":60},[46,101246,101247,101249,101251,101253],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,101248,91],{"class":90},[46,101250,94],{"class":60},[46,101252,2451],{"class":102},[46,101254,215],{"class":60},[20,101256,143],{},[37,101258,101260],{"className":39,"code":101259,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101261,101262],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101263,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101265,1185],{"class":60},[46,101267,3175],{"class":64},[46,101269,68],{"class":60},[46,101271,312],{"class":64},[46,101273,1105],{"class":60},[20,101275,101276],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45081,101278],{},[32,101280,101282,10755,101284],{"id":101281},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101283,100375],{},[15,101285,101286],{},"difference_update()",[20,101288,101289],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[283,101291,101292],{"id":2999},[15,101293,100375],{},[172,101295,101296,101299],{},[175,101297,101298],{},"Returns a new set",[175,101300,101301],{},"Does not change the original set",[37,101303,101305],{"className":39,"code":101304,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101306,101307,101331,101347,101351,101369,101373,101383],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101308,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325,101327,101329],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101310,2741],{"class":52},[46,101312,57],{"class":56},[46,101314,10660],{"class":60},[46,101316,3175],{"class":64},[46,101318,68],{"class":60},[46,101320,71],{"class":64},[46,101322,68],{"class":60},[46,101324,312],{"class":64},[46,101326,68],{"class":60},[46,101328,2643],{"class":64},[46,101330,1105],{"class":60},[46,101332,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101334,2769],{"class":52},[46,101336,57],{"class":56},[46,101338,10660],{"class":60},[46,101340,2249],{"class":64},[46,101342,68],{"class":60},[46,101344,2643],{"class":64},[46,101346,1105],{"class":60},[46,101348,101349],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101350,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101352,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363,101365,101367],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,101354,2416],{"class":52},[46,101356,57],{"class":56},[46,101358,57049],{"class":52},[46,101360,507],{"class":60},[46,101362,2999],{"class":102},[46,101364,94],{"class":60},[46,101366,4935],{"class":102},[46,101368,215],{"class":60},[46,101370,101371],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,101372,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101374,101375,101377,101379,101381],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,101376,91],{"class":90},[46,101378,94],{"class":60},[46,101380,2451],{"class":102},[46,101382,215],{"class":60},[46,101384,101385,101387,101389,101391],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,101386,91],{"class":90},[46,101388,94],{"class":60},[46,101390,501],{"class":102},[46,101392,215],{"class":60},[20,101394,143],{},[37,101396,101398],{"className":39,"code":101397,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101399,101400,101412],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101401,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101403,1185],{"class":60},[46,101405,3175],{"class":64},[46,101407,68],{"class":60},[46,101409,71],{"class":64},[46,101411,1105],{"class":60},[46,101413,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101415,1185],{"class":60},[46,101417,3175],{"class":64},[46,101419,68],{"class":60},[46,101421,71],{"class":64},[46,101423,68],{"class":60},[46,101425,312],{"class":64},[46,101427,68],{"class":60},[46,101429,2643],{"class":64},[46,101431,1105],{"class":60},[283,101433,101435],{"id":101434},"difference_update",[15,101436,101286],{},[172,101438,101439,101442],{},[175,101440,101441],{},"Changes the original set",[175,101443,96279],{},[37,101445,101447],{"className":39,"code":101446,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101448,101449,101473,101489,101493,101507,101511],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101450,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101452,2741],{"class":52},[46,101454,57],{"class":56},[46,101456,10660],{"class":60},[46,101458,3175],{"class":64},[46,101460,68],{"class":60},[46,101462,71],{"class":64},[46,101464,68],{"class":60},[46,101466,312],{"class":64},[46,101468,68],{"class":60},[46,101470,2643],{"class":64},[46,101472,1105],{"class":60},[46,101474,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101476,2769],{"class":52},[46,101478,57],{"class":56},[46,101480,10660],{"class":60},[46,101482,2249],{"class":64},[46,101484,68],{"class":60},[46,101486,2643],{"class":64},[46,101488,1105],{"class":60},[46,101490,101491],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101492,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,101496,501],{"class":52},[46,101498,507],{"class":60},[46,101500,101434],{"class":102},[46,101502,94],{"class":60},[46,101504,4935],{"class":102},[46,101506,215],{"class":60},[46,101508,101509],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,101510,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101512,101513,101515,101517,101519],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,101514,91],{"class":90},[46,101516,94],{"class":60},[46,101518,501],{"class":102},[46,101520,215],{"class":60},[20,101522,143],{},[37,101524,101525],{"className":39,"code":100468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,101526,101527],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101528,101529,101531,101533,101535,101537],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101530,1185],{"class":60},[46,101532,3175],{"class":64},[46,101534,68],{"class":60},[46,101536,71],{"class":64},[46,101538,1105],{"class":60},[20,101540,160,101541,101543],{},[15,101542,100375],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101545,101546,101547,33769],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101548,101286],{},[45081,101550],{},[32,101552,101554,101556,101557,101559],{"id":101553},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101555,100375],{}," vs the ",[15,101558,2208],{}," operator",[20,101561,882,101562,101564,101565,101567],{},[15,101563,2208],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101566,100375],{}," for two sets.",[37,101569,101571],{"className":39,"code":101570,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101572,101573,101597,101613,101617,101635],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101574,101575,101577,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101576,2741],{"class":52},[46,101578,57],{"class":56},[46,101580,10660],{"class":60},[46,101582,3175],{"class":64},[46,101584,68],{"class":60},[46,101586,71],{"class":64},[46,101588,68],{"class":60},[46,101590,312],{"class":64},[46,101592,68],{"class":60},[46,101594,2643],{"class":64},[46,101596,1105],{"class":60},[46,101598,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101600,2769],{"class":52},[46,101602,57],{"class":56},[46,101604,10660],{"class":60},[46,101606,2249],{"class":64},[46,101608,68],{"class":60},[46,101610,2643],{"class":64},[46,101612,1105],{"class":60},[46,101614,101615],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101616,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101618,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,101620,91],{"class":90},[46,101622,94],{"class":60},[46,101624,501],{"class":102},[46,101626,507],{"class":60},[46,101628,2999],{"class":102},[46,101630,94],{"class":60},[46,101632,4935],{"class":102},[46,101634,106],{"class":60},[46,101636,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,101638,91],{"class":90},[46,101640,94],{"class":60},[46,101642,2741],{"class":102},[46,101644,2208],{"class":56},[46,101646,2746],{"class":102},[46,101648,215],{"class":60},[20,101650,143],{},[37,101652,101654],{"className":39,"code":101653,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101655,101656,101668],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101659,1185],{"class":60},[46,101661,3175],{"class":64},[46,101663,68],{"class":60},[46,101665,71],{"class":64},[46,101667,1105],{"class":60},[46,101669,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101671,1185],{"class":60},[46,101673,3175],{"class":64},[46,101675,68],{"class":60},[46,101677,71],{"class":64},[46,101679,1105],{"class":60},[20,101681,101682],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101684,94549,101685,2035],{},[15,101686,100375],{},[172,101688,101689,101692,101695],{},[175,101690,101691],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[175,101693,101694],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[175,101696,101697],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101699,101700],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[37,101702,101704],{"className":39,"code":101703,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101705,101706,101734,101746,101758,101762],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101707,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101709,2741],{"class":52},[46,101711,57],{"class":56},[46,101713,10660],{"class":60},[46,101715,3175],{"class":64},[46,101717,68],{"class":60},[46,101719,71],{"class":64},[46,101721,68],{"class":60},[46,101723,312],{"class":64},[46,101725,68],{"class":60},[46,101727,2643],{"class":64},[46,101729,68],{"class":60},[46,101731,1508],{"class":64},[46,101733,1105],{"class":60},[46,101735,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101737,2769],{"class":52},[46,101739,57],{"class":56},[46,101741,10660],{"class":60},[46,101743,2243],{"class":64},[46,101745,1105],{"class":60},[46,101747,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101749,83329],{"class":52},[46,101751,57],{"class":56},[46,101753,10660],{"class":60},[46,101755,2691],{"class":64},[46,101757,1105],{"class":60},[46,101759,101760],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,101761,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101763,101764,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778,101780,101782],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,101765,91],{"class":90},[46,101767,94],{"class":60},[46,101769,501],{"class":102},[46,101771,507],{"class":60},[46,101773,2999],{"class":102},[46,101775,94],{"class":60},[46,101777,4935],{"class":102},[46,101779,68],{"class":60},[46,101781,9850],{"class":102},[46,101783,106],{"class":60},[20,101785,143],{},[37,101787,101789],{"className":39,"code":101788,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101790,101791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101792,101793,101795,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101794,1185],{"class":60},[46,101796,3175],{"class":64},[46,101798,68],{"class":60},[46,101800,312],{"class":64},[46,101802,68],{"class":60},[46,101804,1508],{"class":64},[46,101806,1105],{"class":60},[20,101808,101809,101810,101812],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101811,2208],{}," operator expression.",[45081,101814],{},[32,101816,4693],{"id":4692},[20,101818,21379,101819,507],{},[15,101820,100375],{},[283,101822,101824],{"id":101823},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101826,4802,101827,101829,101830,198],{},[3924,101828,4805],{}," change ",[15,101831,501],{},[37,101833,101835],{"className":39,"code":101834,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101836,101837,101857,101869,101873,101887],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101838,101839,101841,101843,101845,101847,101849,101851,101853,101855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101840,2741],{"class":52},[46,101842,57],{"class":56},[46,101844,10660],{"class":60},[46,101846,3175],{"class":64},[46,101848,68],{"class":60},[46,101850,71],{"class":64},[46,101852,68],{"class":60},[46,101854,312],{"class":64},[46,101856,1105],{"class":60},[46,101858,101859,101861,101863,101865,101867],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101860,2769],{"class":52},[46,101862,57],{"class":56},[46,101864,10660],{"class":60},[46,101866,2249],{"class":64},[46,101868,1105],{"class":60},[46,101870,101871],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101872,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101874,101875,101877,101879,101881,101883,101885],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,101876,501],{"class":52},[46,101878,507],{"class":60},[46,101880,2999],{"class":102},[46,101882,94],{"class":60},[46,101884,4935],{"class":102},[46,101886,215],{"class":60},[46,101888,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,101890,91],{"class":90},[46,101892,94],{"class":60},[46,101894,501],{"class":102},[46,101896,215],{"class":60},[20,101898,143],{},[37,101900,101901],{"className":39,"code":96568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,101902,101903],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101904,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101906,1185],{"class":60},[46,101908,3175],{"class":64},[46,101910,68],{"class":60},[46,101912,71],{"class":64},[46,101914,68],{"class":60},[46,101916,312],{"class":64},[46,101918,1105],{"class":60},[20,101920,101921],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[37,101923,101925],{"className":39,"code":101924,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101926,101927,101947,101959,101963,101981],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101928,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,101930,2741],{"class":52},[46,101932,57],{"class":56},[46,101934,10660],{"class":60},[46,101936,3175],{"class":64},[46,101938,68],{"class":60},[46,101940,71],{"class":64},[46,101942,68],{"class":60},[46,101944,312],{"class":64},[46,101946,1105],{"class":60},[46,101948,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,101950,2769],{"class":52},[46,101952,57],{"class":56},[46,101954,10660],{"class":60},[46,101956,2249],{"class":64},[46,101958,1105],{"class":60},[46,101960,101961],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,101962,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,101964,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,101966,2741],{"class":52},[46,101968,57],{"class":56},[46,101970,57049],{"class":52},[46,101972,507],{"class":60},[46,101974,2999],{"class":102},[46,101976,94],{"class":60},[46,101978,4935],{"class":102},[46,101980,215],{"class":60},[46,101982,101983,101985,101987,101989],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,101984,91],{"class":90},[46,101986,94],{"class":60},[46,101988,501],{"class":102},[46,101990,215],{"class":60},[20,101992,143],{},[37,101994,101995],{"className":39,"code":100468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,101996,101997],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,101998,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102000,1185],{"class":60},[46,102002,3175],{"class":64},[46,102004,68],{"class":60},[46,102006,71],{"class":64},[46,102008,1105],{"class":60},[283,102010,102012],{"id":102011},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102014,102015,102018],{},[15,102016,102017],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[172,102020,102021,102026],{},[175,102022,102023,102024],{},"keep items from ",[15,102025,501],{},[175,102027,102028,102029],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102030,4935],{},[20,102032,41070,102033,102035,102036,102038],{},[3924,102034,4805],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102037,4935],{},"”.",[20,102040,2393],{},[37,102042,102044],{"className":39,"code":102043,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102045,102046,102066,102086,102090,102108],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102047,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102049,2741],{"class":52},[46,102051,57],{"class":56},[46,102053,10660],{"class":60},[46,102055,3175],{"class":64},[46,102057,68],{"class":60},[46,102059,71],{"class":64},[46,102061,68],{"class":60},[46,102063,312],{"class":64},[46,102065,1105],{"class":60},[46,102067,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078,102080,102082,102084],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102069,2769],{"class":52},[46,102071,57],{"class":56},[46,102073,10660],{"class":60},[46,102075,2249],{"class":64},[46,102077,68],{"class":60},[46,102079,2643],{"class":64},[46,102081,68],{"class":60},[46,102083,1508],{"class":64},[46,102085,1105],{"class":60},[46,102087,102088],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,102089,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,102091,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,102093,91],{"class":90},[46,102095,94],{"class":60},[46,102097,501],{"class":102},[46,102099,507],{"class":60},[46,102101,2999],{"class":102},[46,102103,94],{"class":60},[46,102105,4935],{"class":102},[46,102107,106],{"class":60},[46,102109,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122,102124],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,102111,91],{"class":90},[46,102113,94],{"class":60},[46,102115,4935],{"class":102},[46,102117,507],{"class":60},[46,102119,2999],{"class":102},[46,102121,94],{"class":60},[46,102123,501],{"class":102},[46,102125,106],{"class":60},[20,102127,143],{},[37,102129,102131],{"className":39,"code":102130,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102132,102133,102145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102134,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102136,1185],{"class":60},[46,102138,3175],{"class":64},[46,102140,68],{"class":60},[46,102142,71],{"class":64},[46,102144,1105],{"class":60},[46,102146,102147,102149,102151,102153,102155],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102148,1185],{"class":60},[46,102150,2691],{"class":64},[46,102152,68],{"class":60},[46,102154,1508],{"class":64},[46,102156,1105],{"class":60},[20,102158,102159],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[283,102161,102163],{"id":102162},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102165,102166,102168],{},[15,102167,100375],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102170,55481],{},[37,102172,102174],{"className":39,"code":102173,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102175,102176,102196,102212,102216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102177,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102179,2741],{"class":52},[46,102181,57],{"class":56},[46,102183,61],{"class":60},[46,102185,3175],{"class":64},[46,102187,68],{"class":60},[46,102189,71],{"class":64},[46,102191,68],{"class":60},[46,102193,312],{"class":64},[46,102195,84],{"class":60},[46,102197,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102199,2769],{"class":52},[46,102201,57],{"class":56},[46,102203,61],{"class":60},[46,102205,2249],{"class":64},[46,102207,68],{"class":60},[46,102209,2643],{"class":64},[46,102211,84],{"class":60},[46,102213,102214],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,102215,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,102217,102218],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,102219,102220],{"class":3845},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102222,102223],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[37,102225,102227],{"className":39,"code":102226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102228,102229,102249,102265,102269,102295],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102230,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102232,2741],{"class":52},[46,102234,57],{"class":56},[46,102236,61],{"class":60},[46,102238,3175],{"class":64},[46,102240,68],{"class":60},[46,102242,71],{"class":64},[46,102244,68],{"class":60},[46,102246,312],{"class":64},[46,102248,84],{"class":60},[46,102250,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261,102263],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102252,2769],{"class":52},[46,102254,57],{"class":56},[46,102256,61],{"class":60},[46,102258,2249],{"class":64},[46,102260,68],{"class":60},[46,102262,2643],{"class":64},[46,102264,84],{"class":60},[46,102266,102267],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,102268,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,102270,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285,102287,102289,102291,102293],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,102272,2416],{"class":52},[46,102274,57],{"class":56},[46,102276,15800],{"class":1270},[46,102278,94],{"class":60},[46,102280,501],{"class":102},[46,102282,8803],{"class":60},[46,102284,2999],{"class":102},[46,102286,94],{"class":60},[46,102288,6459],{"class":1270},[46,102290,94],{"class":60},[46,102292,4935],{"class":102},[46,102294,106],{"class":60},[46,102296,102297,102299,102301,102303],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,102298,91],{"class":90},[46,102300,94],{"class":60},[46,102302,2451],{"class":102},[46,102304,215],{"class":60},[20,102306,143],{},[37,102308,102309],{"className":39,"code":100468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,102310,102311],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102312,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102314,1185],{"class":60},[46,102316,3175],{"class":64},[46,102318,68],{"class":60},[46,102320,71],{"class":64},[46,102322,1105],{"class":60},[283,102324,102326],{"id":102325},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102328,102329],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[37,102331,102333],{"className":39,"code":102332,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102334,102335,102367,102383,102387],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102336,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102338,2741],{"class":52},[46,102340,57],{"class":56},[46,102342,10660],{"class":60},[46,102344,427],{"class":426},[46,102346,934],{"class":430},[46,102348,427],{"class":426},[46,102350,68],{"class":60},[46,102352,438],{"class":426},[46,102354,58288],{"class":430},[46,102356,427],{"class":426},[46,102358,68],{"class":60},[46,102360,438],{"class":426},[46,102362,58305],{"class":430},[46,102364,427],{"class":426},[46,102366,1105],{"class":60},[46,102368,102369,102371,102373,102375,102377,102379,102381],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102370,2769],{"class":52},[46,102372,57],{"class":56},[46,102374,10660],{"class":60},[46,102376,427],{"class":426},[46,102378,58288],{"class":430},[46,102380,427],{"class":426},[46,102382,1105],{"class":60},[46,102384,102385],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,102386,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,102388,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,102390,91],{"class":90},[46,102392,94],{"class":60},[46,102394,501],{"class":102},[46,102396,507],{"class":60},[46,102398,2999],{"class":102},[46,102400,94],{"class":60},[46,102402,4935],{"class":102},[46,102404,106],{"class":60},[20,102406,102407],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[283,102409,102411],{"id":102410},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102413,102414],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[37,102416,102418],{"className":39,"code":102417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102419,102420,102448,102460,102464,102474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102421,102422,102424,102426,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444,102446],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102423,2741],{"class":52},[46,102425,57],{"class":56},[46,102427,10660],{"class":60},[46,102429,3175],{"class":64},[46,102431,68],{"class":60},[46,102433,81],{"class":64},[46,102435,68],{"class":60},[46,102437,71],{"class":64},[46,102439,68],{"class":60},[46,102441,71],{"class":64},[46,102443,68],{"class":60},[46,102445,312],{"class":64},[46,102447,1105],{"class":60},[46,102449,102450,102452,102454,102456,102458],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102451,2769],{"class":52},[46,102453,57],{"class":56},[46,102455,10660],{"class":60},[46,102457,2249],{"class":64},[46,102459,1105],{"class":60},[46,102461,102462],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,102463,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,102465,102466,102468,102470,102472],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,102467,91],{"class":90},[46,102469,94],{"class":60},[46,102471,501],{"class":102},[46,102473,215],{"class":60},[46,102475,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,102477,91],{"class":90},[46,102479,94],{"class":60},[46,102481,501],{"class":102},[46,102483,507],{"class":60},[46,102485,2999],{"class":102},[46,102487,94],{"class":60},[46,102489,4935],{"class":102},[46,102491,106],{"class":60},[20,102493,143],{},[37,102495,102497],{"className":39,"code":102496,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102498,102499,102515],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102500,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102502,1185],{"class":60},[46,102504,3175],{"class":64},[46,102506,68],{"class":60},[46,102508,71],{"class":64},[46,102510,68],{"class":60},[46,102512,312],{"class":64},[46,102514,1105],{"class":60},[46,102516,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102518,1185],{"class":60},[46,102520,3175],{"class":64},[46,102522,68],{"class":60},[46,102524,71],{"class":64},[46,102526,1105],{"class":60},[20,102528,102529,102530,102532],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102531,100375],{}," runs.",[283,102534,102536],{"id":102535},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102538,102539],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[37,102541,102543],{"className":39,"code":102542,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102544,102545,102569,102589,102593,102603,102613,102631,102653],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102546,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563,102565,102567],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102548,2741],{"class":52},[46,102550,57],{"class":56},[46,102552,10660],{"class":60},[46,102554,3175],{"class":64},[46,102556,68],{"class":60},[46,102558,71],{"class":64},[46,102560,68],{"class":60},[46,102562,312],{"class":64},[46,102564,68],{"class":60},[46,102566,2643],{"class":64},[46,102568,1105],{"class":60},[46,102570,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102572,2769],{"class":52},[46,102574,57],{"class":56},[46,102576,10660],{"class":60},[46,102578,2249],{"class":64},[46,102580,68],{"class":60},[46,102582,2643],{"class":64},[46,102584,68],{"class":60},[46,102586,1508],{"class":64},[46,102588,1105],{"class":60},[46,102590,102591],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,102592,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,102594,102595,102597,102599,102601],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,102596,91],{"class":90},[46,102598,94],{"class":60},[46,102600,501],{"class":102},[46,102602,215],{"class":60},[46,102604,102605,102607,102609,102611],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,102606,91],{"class":90},[46,102608,94],{"class":60},[46,102610,4935],{"class":102},[46,102612,215],{"class":60},[46,102614,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623,102625,102627,102629],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,102616,91],{"class":90},[46,102618,94],{"class":60},[46,102620,501],{"class":102},[46,102622,507],{"class":60},[46,102624,2999],{"class":102},[46,102626,94],{"class":60},[46,102628,4935],{"class":102},[46,102630,106],{"class":60},[46,102632,102633,102635,102637,102639,102641,102643,102645,102647,102649,102651],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,102634,91],{"class":90},[46,102636,94],{"class":60},[46,102638,1889],{"class":1270},[46,102640,94],{"class":60},[46,102642,501],{"class":102},[46,102644,507],{"class":60},[46,102646,2999],{"class":102},[46,102648,94],{"class":60},[46,102650,4935],{"class":102},[46,102652,3099],{"class":60},[46,102654,102655,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,102656,91],{"class":90},[46,102658,94],{"class":60},[46,102660,476],{"class":90},[46,102662,94],{"class":60},[46,102664,501],{"class":102},[46,102666,507],{"class":60},[46,102668,2999],{"class":102},[46,102670,94],{"class":60},[46,102672,4935],{"class":102},[46,102674,3099],{"class":60},[20,102676,11338],{},[172,102678,102679,102682,102685,102688],{},[175,102680,102681],{},"what is in each set",[175,102683,102684],{},"what result Python creates",[175,102686,102687],{},"that the result is a set",[175,102689,102690],{},"how many items remain",[45081,102692],{},[32,102694,1991],{"id":1990},[283,102696,12872,102698,102700],{"id":102697},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102699,100375],{}," change the original set?",[20,102702,102703],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[283,102705,2048,102707,2051,102709,2035],{"id":102706},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102708,100375],{},[15,102710,101286],{},[20,102712,102713,102715,102716,102718],{},[15,102714,100375],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102717,101286],{}," modifies the original set.",[283,102720,28496,102722,102724],{"id":102721},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102723,100375],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102726,102727],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[283,102729,102731],{"id":102730},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102733,102734],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45081,102736],{},[32,102738,2065],{"id":2064},[172,102740,102741,102745,102753],{},[175,102742,102743],{},[501,102744,96289],{"href":97460},[175,102746,102747],{},[501,102748,96775,102750,10910],{"href":102749},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102751,102752],{},"intersection()",[175,102754,102755],{},[501,102756,96775,102758,10910],{"href":102757},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102759,102760],{},"union()",[2103,102762,102763],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":102765},[102766,102767,102769,102770,102771,102772,102774,102779,102781,102789,102798],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":100497,"depth":87,"text":102768},"What difference() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":101116,"depth":87,"text":102773},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101281,"depth":87,"text":102775,"children":102776},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102777,102778],{"id":2999,"depth":109,"text":100375},{"id":101434,"depth":109,"text":101286},{"id":101553,"depth":87,"text":102780},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":102782},[102783,102784,102785,102786,102787,102788],{"id":101823,"depth":109,"text":101824},{"id":102011,"depth":109,"text":102012},{"id":102162,"depth":109,"text":102163},{"id":102325,"depth":109,"text":102326},{"id":102410,"depth":109,"text":102411},{"id":102535,"depth":109,"text":102536},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":102790},[102791,102793,102795,102797],{"id":102697,"depth":109,"text":102792},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102706,"depth":109,"text":102794},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102721,"depth":109,"text":102796},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102730,"depth":109,"text":102731},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100367,"description":102799},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102806,"title":102807,"body":102808,"description":104503,"extension":2150,"meta":104504,"navigation":112,"path":104505,"seo":104506,"stem":104507,"__hash__":104508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102809,"toc":104465},[102810,102816,102822,102835,102837,102938,102940,102985,102990,102995,102999,103013,103016,103024,103026,103045,103063,103067,103120,103122,103143,103150,103155,103182,103189,103288,103290,103327,103335,103339,103345,103348,103421,103423,103431,103436,103505,103507,103532,103534,103537,103640,103642,103703,103706,103710,103716,103789,103791,103824,103827,103830,103870,103876,103899,103904,103908,103919,103922,103924,103928,103934,103936,103993,104003,104005,104058,104065,104070,104138,104146,104152,104156,104158,104197,104202,104251,104255,104258,104260,104299,104302,104304,104309,104366,104368,104382,104384,104388,104394,104399,104404,104411,104422,104428,104433,104435,104462],[10,102811,96161,102813,11490],{"id":102812},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102814,102815],{},"discard()",[20,102817,102818,102821],{},[15,102819,102820],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102823,102824,102825,2374,102830,14221,102832,102834],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[501,102826,102827],{"href":98170},[15,102828,102829],{},"set.remove()",[15,102831,102815],{},[3924,102833,4805],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[32,102836,35],{"id":34},[37,102838,102840],{"className":39,"code":102839,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102841,102842,102874,102893,102903,102907,102928],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102843,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102845,13243],{"class":52},[46,102847,57],{"class":56},[46,102849,10660],{"class":60},[46,102851,427],{"class":426},[46,102853,13260],{"class":430},[46,102855,427],{"class":426},[46,102857,68],{"class":60},[46,102859,438],{"class":426},[46,102861,13277],{"class":430},[46,102863,427],{"class":426},[46,102865,68],{"class":60},[46,102867,438],{"class":426},[46,102869,17622],{"class":430},[46,102871,427],{"class":426},[46,102873,1105],{"class":60},[46,102875,102876,102878,102880,102883,102885,102887,102889,102891],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102877,17669],{"class":52},[46,102879,507],{"class":60},[46,102881,102882],{"class":102},"discard",[46,102884,94],{"class":60},[46,102886,427],{"class":426},[46,102888,13277],{"class":430},[46,102890,427],{"class":426},[46,102892,215],{"class":60},[46,102894,102895,102897,102899,102901],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,102896,91],{"class":90},[46,102898,94],{"class":60},[46,102900,17669],{"class":102},[46,102902,215],{"class":60},[46,102904,102905],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,102906,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,102908,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,102910,17669],{"class":52},[46,102912,507],{"class":60},[46,102914,102882],{"class":102},[46,102916,94],{"class":60},[46,102918,427],{"class":426},[46,102920,22691],{"class":430},[46,102922,427],{"class":426},[46,102924,1592],{"class":60},[46,102926,102927],{"class":3845},"  # no error if missing\n",[46,102929,102930,102932,102934,102936],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,102931,91],{"class":90},[46,102933,94],{"class":60},[46,102935,17669],{"class":102},[46,102937,215],{"class":60},[20,102939,30197],{},[37,102941,102943],{"className":39,"code":102942,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102944,102945,102965],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,102946,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,102948,1185],{"class":60},[46,102950,1188],{"class":426},[46,102952,13260],{"class":430},[46,102954,1188],{"class":426},[46,102956,68],{"class":60},[46,102958,1197],{"class":426},[46,102960,17622],{"class":430},[46,102962,1188],{"class":426},[46,102964,1105],{"class":60},[46,102966,102967,102969,102971,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981,102983],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,102968,1185],{"class":60},[46,102970,1188],{"class":426},[46,102972,13260],{"class":430},[46,102974,1188],{"class":426},[46,102976,68],{"class":60},[46,102978,1197],{"class":426},[46,102980,17622],{"class":430},[46,102982,1188],{"class":426},[46,102984,1105],{"class":60},[20,102986,160,102987,102989],{},[15,102988,102815],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[32,102991,167,102993,170],{"id":102992},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102994,102820],{},[20,102996,102997,198],{},[15,102998,102815],{},[172,103000,103001,103004,103007,103009],{},[175,103002,103003],{},"Removes one item from a set",[175,103005,103006],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[175,103008,96276],{},[175,103010,11592,103011],{},[15,103012,1326],{},[20,103014,103015],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103017,96285,103018,3065,103021,507],{},[501,103019,103020],{"href":98752},"what a set is in Python",[501,103022,103023],{"href":97844},"how to create a set",[32,103025,2343],{"id":2342},[37,103027,103029],{"className":39,"code":103028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103030,103031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103032,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103034,15833],{"class":52},[46,103036,507],{"class":60},[46,103038,102882],{"class":102},[46,103040,94],{"class":60},[46,103042,2659],{"class":102},[46,103044,215],{"class":60},[172,103046,103047,103052,103057,103060],{},[175,103048,103049,103051],{},[15,103050,15833],{}," is the set you want to change",[175,103053,103054,103056],{},[15,103055,2659],{}," is the item you want to remove",[175,103058,103059],{},"The set must already exist",[175,103061,103062],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[283,103064,103066],{"id":103065},"example","Example",[37,103068,103070],{"className":39,"code":103069,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103071,103072,103096,103110],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103075,53],{"class":52},[46,103077,57],{"class":56},[46,103079,10660],{"class":60},[46,103081,3175],{"class":64},[46,103083,68],{"class":60},[46,103085,71],{"class":64},[46,103087,68],{"class":60},[46,103089,312],{"class":64},[46,103091,68],{"class":60},[46,103093,2643],{"class":64},[46,103095,1105],{"class":60},[46,103097,103098,103100,103102,103104,103106,103108],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103099,103],{"class":52},[46,103101,507],{"class":60},[46,103103,102882],{"class":102},[46,103105,94],{"class":60},[46,103107,2249],{"class":64},[46,103109,215],{"class":60},[46,103111,103112,103114,103116,103118],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,103113,91],{"class":90},[46,103115,94],{"class":60},[46,103117,103],{"class":102},[46,103119,215],{"class":60},[20,103121,143],{},[37,103123,103125],{"className":39,"code":103124,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103126,103127],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103128,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103130,1185],{"class":60},[46,103132,3175],{"class":64},[46,103134,68],{"class":60},[46,103136,71],{"class":64},[46,103138,68],{"class":60},[46,103140,2643],{"class":64},[46,103142,1105],{"class":60},[32,103144,103146,103147,103149],{"id":103145},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103148,102815],{}," different",[20,103151,103152,103154],{},[15,103153,102815],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[172,103156,103157,103170,103179],{},[175,103158,103159,103160,2374,103164,103166,103167,103169],{},"Unlike ",[501,103161,103162],{"href":98170},[15,103163,55691],{},[15,103165,102815],{}," does not raise ",[15,103168,19855],{}," when the item is missing",[175,103171,103159,103172,2374,103176,103178],{},[501,103173,103174],{"href":98175},[15,103175,12931],{},[15,103177,102815],{}," removes a specific item",[175,103180,103181],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[283,103183,103185,10755,103187],{"id":103184},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103186,102815],{},[15,103188,55691],{},[37,103190,103192],{"className":39,"code":103191,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103193,103194,103218,103222,103243,103253,103257,103278],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103195,103196,103198,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103197,1398],{"class":52},[46,103199,57],{"class":56},[46,103201,10660],{"class":60},[46,103203,427],{"class":426},[46,103205,756],{"class":430},[46,103207,427],{"class":426},[46,103209,68],{"class":60},[46,103211,438],{"class":426},[46,103213,450],{"class":430},[46,103215,427],{"class":426},[46,103217,1105],{"class":60},[46,103219,103220],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103221,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103223,103224,103226,103228,103230,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,103225,1415],{"class":52},[46,103227,507],{"class":60},[46,103229,102882],{"class":102},[46,103231,94],{"class":60},[46,103233,427],{"class":426},[46,103235,33389],{"class":430},[46,103237,427],{"class":426},[46,103239,1592],{"class":60},[46,103241,103242],{"class":3845},"   # no error\n",[46,103244,103245,103247,103249,103251],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,103246,91],{"class":90},[46,103248,94],{"class":60},[46,103250,1415],{"class":102},[46,103252,215],{"class":60},[46,103254,103255],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,103256,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103258,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,103260,1415],{"class":52},[46,103262,507],{"class":60},[46,103264,34963],{"class":102},[46,103266,94],{"class":60},[46,103268,427],{"class":426},[46,103270,450],{"class":430},[46,103272,427],{"class":426},[46,103274,1592],{"class":60},[46,103276,103277],{"class":3845},"    # removes existing item\n",[46,103279,103280,103282,103284,103286],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,103281,91],{"class":90},[46,103283,94],{"class":60},[46,103285,1415],{"class":102},[46,103287,215],{"class":60},[20,103289,143],{},[37,103291,103293],{"className":39,"code":103292,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103294,103295,103315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103296,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103298,1185],{"class":60},[46,103300,1188],{"class":426},[46,103302,756],{"class":430},[46,103304,1188],{"class":426},[46,103306,68],{"class":60},[46,103308,1197],{"class":426},[46,103310,450],{"class":430},[46,103312,1188],{"class":426},[46,103314,1105],{"class":60},[46,103316,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103318,1185],{"class":60},[46,103320,1188],{"class":426},[46,103322,756],{"class":430},[46,103324,1188],{"class":426},[46,103326,1105],{"class":60},[20,103328,40509,103329,103331,103332,103334],{},[15,103330,55691],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[501,103333,11243],{"href":11242}," for more help with that case.",[32,103336,103338],{"id":103337},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103340,103341,2583,103343,507],{},[15,103342,102815],{},[15,103344,1326],{},[20,103346,103347],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[37,103349,103351],{"className":39,"code":103350,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103352,103353,103385,103407,103411],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103354,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103356,13243],{"class":52},[46,103358,57],{"class":56},[46,103360,10660],{"class":60},[46,103362,427],{"class":426},[46,103364,13260],{"class":430},[46,103366,427],{"class":426},[46,103368,68],{"class":60},[46,103370,438],{"class":426},[46,103372,13277],{"class":430},[46,103374,427],{"class":426},[46,103376,68],{"class":60},[46,103378,438],{"class":426},[46,103380,17622],{"class":430},[46,103382,427],{"class":426},[46,103384,1105],{"class":60},[46,103386,103387,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103388,2416],{"class":52},[46,103390,57],{"class":56},[46,103392,13291],{"class":52},[46,103394,507],{"class":60},[46,103396,102882],{"class":102},[46,103398,94],{"class":60},[46,103400,427],{"class":426},[46,103402,13277],{"class":430},[46,103404,427],{"class":426},[46,103406,215],{"class":60},[46,103408,103409],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,103410,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103412,103413,103415,103417,103419],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,103414,91],{"class":90},[46,103416,94],{"class":60},[46,103418,2451],{"class":102},[46,103420,215],{"class":60},[20,103422,143],{},[37,103424,103425],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,103426,103427],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103428,103429],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103430,1333],{"class":1325},[20,103432,103433,103434,198],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103435,17669],{},[37,103437,103439],{"className":39,"code":103438,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103440,103441,103473,103491,103495],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103442,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453,103455,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103444,13243],{"class":52},[46,103446,57],{"class":56},[46,103448,10660],{"class":60},[46,103450,427],{"class":426},[46,103452,13260],{"class":430},[46,103454,427],{"class":426},[46,103456,68],{"class":60},[46,103458,438],{"class":426},[46,103460,13277],{"class":430},[46,103462,427],{"class":426},[46,103464,68],{"class":60},[46,103466,438],{"class":426},[46,103468,17622],{"class":430},[46,103470,427],{"class":426},[46,103472,1105],{"class":60},[46,103474,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103476,17669],{"class":52},[46,103478,507],{"class":60},[46,103480,102882],{"class":102},[46,103482,94],{"class":60},[46,103484,427],{"class":426},[46,103486,13277],{"class":430},[46,103488,427],{"class":426},[46,103490,215],{"class":60},[46,103492,103493],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,103494,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103496,103497,103499,103501,103503],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,103498,91],{"class":90},[46,103500,94],{"class":60},[46,103502,17669],{"class":102},[46,103504,215],{"class":60},[20,103506,143],{},[37,103508,103510],{"className":39,"code":103509,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103511,103512],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103513,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528,103530],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103515,1185],{"class":60},[46,103517,1188],{"class":426},[46,103519,13260],{"class":430},[46,103521,1188],{"class":426},[46,103523,68],{"class":60},[46,103525,1197],{"class":426},[46,103527,17622],{"class":430},[46,103529,1188],{"class":426},[46,103531,1105],{"class":60},[32,103533,11643],{"id":11642},[20,103535,103536],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[37,103538,103540],{"className":39,"code":103539,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103541,103542,103574,103578,103596,103600,103618,103622],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103543,103544,103546,103548,103550,103552,103554,103556,103558,103560,103562,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103545,36408],{"class":52},[46,103547,57],{"class":56},[46,103549,10660],{"class":60},[46,103551,427],{"class":426},[46,103553,756],{"class":430},[46,103555,427],{"class":426},[46,103557,68],{"class":60},[46,103559,438],{"class":426},[46,103561,450],{"class":430},[46,103563,427],{"class":426},[46,103565,68],{"class":60},[46,103567,438],{"class":426},[46,103569,33389],{"class":430},[46,103571,427],{"class":426},[46,103573,1105],{"class":60},[46,103575,103576],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103577,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103579,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592,103594],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,103581,91],{"class":90},[46,103583,94],{"class":60},[46,103585,427],{"class":426},[46,103587,11732],{"class":430},[46,103589,427],{"class":426},[46,103591,68],{"class":60},[46,103593,53014],{"class":102},[46,103595,215],{"class":60},[46,103597,103598],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,103599,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103601,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,103603,36460],{"class":52},[46,103605,507],{"class":60},[46,103607,102882],{"class":102},[46,103609,94],{"class":60},[46,103611,427],{"class":426},[46,103613,450],{"class":430},[46,103615,427],{"class":426},[46,103617,215],{"class":60},[46,103619,103620],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,103621,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103623,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,103625,91],{"class":90},[46,103627,94],{"class":60},[46,103629,427],{"class":426},[46,103631,11772],{"class":430},[46,103633,427],{"class":426},[46,103635,68],{"class":60},[46,103637,53014],{"class":102},[46,103639,215],{"class":60},[20,103641,143],{},[37,103643,103645],{"className":39,"code":103644,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103646,103647,103679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103648,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103650,11792],{"class":52},[46,103652,198],{"class":60},[46,103654,10660],{"class":60},[46,103656,1188],{"class":426},[46,103658,450],{"class":430},[46,103660,1188],{"class":426},[46,103662,68],{"class":60},[46,103664,1197],{"class":426},[46,103666,756],{"class":430},[46,103668,1188],{"class":426},[46,103670,68],{"class":60},[46,103672,1197],{"class":426},[46,103674,33389],{"class":430},[46,103676,1188],{"class":426},[46,103678,1105],{"class":60},[46,103680,103681,103683,103685,103687,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699,103701],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103682,11845],{"class":52},[46,103684,198],{"class":60},[46,103686,10660],{"class":60},[46,103688,1188],{"class":426},[46,103690,756],{"class":430},[46,103692,1188],{"class":426},[46,103694,68],{"class":60},[46,103696,1197],{"class":426},[46,103698,33389],{"class":430},[46,103700,1188],{"class":426},[46,103702,1105],{"class":60},[20,103704,103705],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[32,103707,103709],{"id":103708},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103711,103712,103713,103715],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103714,102815],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[37,103717,103719],{"className":39,"code":103718,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103720,103721,103753,103757,103775,103779],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103722,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103724,36408],{"class":52},[46,103726,57],{"class":56},[46,103728,10660],{"class":60},[46,103730,427],{"class":426},[46,103732,756],{"class":430},[46,103734,427],{"class":426},[46,103736,68],{"class":60},[46,103738,438],{"class":426},[46,103740,450],{"class":430},[46,103742,427],{"class":426},[46,103744,68],{"class":60},[46,103746,438],{"class":426},[46,103748,33389],{"class":430},[46,103750,427],{"class":426},[46,103752,1105],{"class":60},[46,103754,103755],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103756,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103758,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,103760,36460],{"class":52},[46,103762,507],{"class":60},[46,103764,102882],{"class":102},[46,103766,94],{"class":60},[46,103768,427],{"class":426},[46,103770,22700],{"class":430},[46,103772,427],{"class":426},[46,103774,215],{"class":60},[46,103776,103777],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,103778,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103780,103781,103783,103785,103787],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,103782,91],{"class":90},[46,103784,94],{"class":60},[46,103786,36460],{"class":102},[46,103788,215],{"class":60},[20,103790,143],{},[37,103792,103794],{"className":39,"code":103793,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103795,103796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103797,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103799,1185],{"class":60},[46,103801,1188],{"class":426},[46,103803,450],{"class":430},[46,103805,1188],{"class":426},[46,103807,68],{"class":60},[46,103809,1197],{"class":426},[46,103811,756],{"class":430},[46,103813,1188],{"class":426},[46,103815,68],{"class":60},[46,103817,1197],{"class":426},[46,103819,33389],{"class":430},[46,103821,1188],{"class":426},[46,103823,1105],{"class":60},[20,103825,103826],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103828,103829],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[37,103831,103833],{"className":39,"code":103832,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103834,103835,103851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103836,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103838,7170],{"class":1595},[46,103840,438],{"class":426},[46,103842,22700],{"class":430},[46,103844,427],{"class":426},[46,103846,21341],{"class":56},[46,103848,53014],{"class":52},[46,103850,6566],{"class":60},[46,103852,103853,103856,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103854,103855],{"class":52},"    fruits",[46,103857,507],{"class":60},[46,103859,34963],{"class":102},[46,103861,94],{"class":60},[46,103863,427],{"class":426},[46,103865,22700],{"class":430},[46,103867,427],{"class":426},[46,103869,215],{"class":60},[20,103871,103872,103873,103875],{},"With ",[15,103874,102815],{},", you can simply write:",[37,103877,103879],{"className":39,"code":103878,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103880,103881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103882,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103884,36460],{"class":52},[46,103886,507],{"class":60},[46,103888,102882],{"class":102},[46,103890,94],{"class":60},[46,103892,427],{"class":426},[46,103894,22700],{"class":430},[46,103896,427],{"class":426},[46,103898,215],{"class":60},[32,103900,1794,103902],{"id":103901},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103903,102815],{},[20,103905,160,103906,1801],{},[15,103907,102815],{},[172,103909,103910,103913,103916],{},[175,103911,103912],{},"Missing values are normal",[175,103914,103915],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[175,103917,103918],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103920,103921],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[32,103923,1834],{"id":1833},[20,103925,8619,103926,507],{},[15,103927,102815],{},[283,103929,1853,103931,103933],{"id":103930},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103932,102815],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103935,4700],{},[37,103937,103939],{"className":39,"code":103938,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103940,103941,103961,103979,103983],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,103942,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,103944,53],{"class":52},[46,103946,57],{"class":56},[46,103948,10660],{"class":60},[46,103950,3175],{"class":64},[46,103952,68],{"class":60},[46,103954,71],{"class":64},[46,103956,68],{"class":60},[46,103958,312],{"class":64},[46,103960,1105],{"class":60},[46,103962,103963,103965,103967,103969,103971,103973,103975,103977],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,103964,53],{"class":52},[46,103966,57],{"class":56},[46,103968,4437],{"class":52},[46,103970,507],{"class":60},[46,103972,102882],{"class":102},[46,103974,94],{"class":60},[46,103976,2243],{"class":64},[46,103978,215],{"class":60},[46,103980,103981],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,103982,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,103984,103985,103987,103989,103991],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,103986,91],{"class":90},[46,103988,94],{"class":60},[46,103990,103],{"class":102},[46,103992,215],{"class":60},[20,103994,103995,42320,103997,8773,103999,2583,104001,507],{},[15,103996,103],{},[15,103998,1326],{},[15,104000,102815],{},[15,104002,1326],{},[20,104004,19008],{},[37,104006,104008],{"className":39,"code":104007,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104009,104010,104030,104044,104048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104011,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026,104028],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104013,53],{"class":52},[46,104015,57],{"class":56},[46,104017,10660],{"class":60},[46,104019,3175],{"class":64},[46,104021,68],{"class":60},[46,104023,71],{"class":64},[46,104025,68],{"class":60},[46,104027,312],{"class":64},[46,104029,1105],{"class":60},[46,104031,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040,104042],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104033,103],{"class":52},[46,104035,507],{"class":60},[46,104037,102882],{"class":102},[46,104039,94],{"class":60},[46,104041,2243],{"class":64},[46,104043,215],{"class":60},[46,104045,104046],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104047,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,104049,104050,104052,104054,104056],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,104051,91],{"class":90},[46,104053,94],{"class":60},[46,104055,103],{"class":102},[46,104057,215],{"class":60},[283,104059,37372,104061,8876,104063],{"id":104060},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104062,102815],{},[15,104064,55691],{},[20,104066,104067,104068,507],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104069,102815],{},[37,104071,104073],{"className":39,"code":104072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104074,104075,104107,104128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104076,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087,104089,104091,104093,104095,104097,104099,104101,104103,104105],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104078,36259],{"class":52},[46,104080,57],{"class":56},[46,104082,10660],{"class":60},[46,104084,427],{"class":426},[46,104086,501],{"class":430},[46,104088,427],{"class":426},[46,104090,68],{"class":60},[46,104092,438],{"class":426},[46,104094,4935],{"class":430},[46,104096,427],{"class":426},[46,104098,68],{"class":60},[46,104100,438],{"class":426},[46,104102,9908],{"class":430},[46,104104,427],{"class":426},[46,104106,1105],{"class":60},[46,104108,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119,104121,104123,104125],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104110,36312],{"class":52},[46,104112,507],{"class":60},[46,104114,102882],{"class":102},[46,104116,94],{"class":60},[46,104118,427],{"class":426},[46,104120,22244],{"class":430},[46,104122,427],{"class":426},[46,104124,1592],{"class":60},[46,104126,104127],{"class":3845},"   # safe\n",[46,104129,104130,104132,104134,104136],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104131,91],{"class":90},[46,104133,94],{"class":60},[46,104135,36312],{"class":102},[46,104137,215],{"class":60},[20,104139,104140,104141,46073,104144,507],{},"If you use ",[15,104142,104143],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104145,19855],{},[283,104147,25784,104149,104151],{"id":104148},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104150,102815],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104153,104154,102168],{},[15,104155,102815],{},[20,104157,16809],{},[37,104159,104161],{"className":39,"code":104160,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104162,104163,104183],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104164,104165,104167,104169,104171,104173,104175,104177,104179,104181],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104166,1398],{"class":52},[46,104168,57],{"class":56},[46,104170,61],{"class":60},[46,104172,3175],{"class":64},[46,104174,68],{"class":60},[46,104176,71],{"class":64},[46,104178,68],{"class":60},[46,104180,312],{"class":64},[46,104182,84],{"class":60},[46,104184,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104186,1415],{"class":52},[46,104188,507],{"class":60},[46,104190,102882],{"class":102},[46,104192,94],{"class":60},[46,104194,2243],{"class":64},[46,104196,215],{"class":60},[20,104198,104199,104200,198],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104201,102815],{},[37,104203,104205],{"className":39,"code":104204,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104206,104207,104227,104241],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104208,104209,104211,104213,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104210,1398],{"class":52},[46,104212,57],{"class":56},[46,104214,10660],{"class":60},[46,104216,3175],{"class":64},[46,104218,68],{"class":60},[46,104220,71],{"class":64},[46,104222,68],{"class":60},[46,104224,312],{"class":64},[46,104226,1105],{"class":60},[46,104228,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104230,1415],{"class":52},[46,104232,507],{"class":60},[46,104234,102882],{"class":102},[46,104236,94],{"class":60},[46,104238,2243],{"class":64},[46,104240,215],{"class":60},[46,104242,104243,104245,104247,104249],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104244,91],{"class":90},[46,104246,94],{"class":60},[46,104248,1415],{"class":102},[46,104250,215],{"class":60},[283,104252,104254],{"id":104253},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104256,104257],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104259,3023],{},[37,104261,104263],{"className":39,"code":104262,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104264,104265,104285],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104266,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104268,1487],{"class":52},[46,104270,57],{"class":56},[46,104272,10660],{"class":60},[46,104274,3175],{"class":64},[46,104276,68],{"class":60},[46,104278,71],{"class":64},[46,104280,68],{"class":60},[46,104282,312],{"class":64},[46,104284,1105],{"class":60},[46,104286,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295,104297],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104288,1523],{"class":52},[46,104290,507],{"class":60},[46,104292,102882],{"class":102},[46,104294,3172],{"class":60},[46,104296,2243],{"class":64},[46,104298,1161],{"class":60},[20,104300,104301],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[32,104303,9044],{"id":9043},[20,104305,9047,104306,104308],{},[15,104307,102815],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[37,104310,104312],{"className":39,"code":104311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104313,104314,104324,104338,104352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104315,104316,104318,104320,104322],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104317,91],{"class":90},[46,104319,94],{"class":60},[46,104321,15833],{"class":102},[46,104323,215],{"class":60},[46,104325,104326,104328,104330,104332,104334,104336],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104327,91],{"class":90},[46,104329,94],{"class":60},[46,104331,1889],{"class":1270},[46,104333,94],{"class":60},[46,104335,15833],{"class":102},[46,104337,106],{"class":60},[46,104339,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104341,91],{"class":90},[46,104343,94],{"class":60},[46,104345,2633],{"class":102},[46,104347,1602],{"class":1595},[46,104349,96885],{"class":102},[46,104351,215],{"class":60},[46,104353,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,104355,32320],{"class":90},[46,104357,94],{"class":60},[46,104359,6459],{"class":1270},[46,104361,507],{"class":60},[46,104363,102882],{"class":1774},[46,104365,215],{"class":60},[20,104367,11338],{},[172,104369,104370,104373,104376,104379],{},[175,104371,104372],{},"What is currently in the set",[175,104374,104375],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[175,104377,104378],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[175,104380,104381],{},"How Python documents the method",[32,104383,1991],{"id":1990},[283,104385,104387],{"id":104386},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104389,104390,104391,104393],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104392,102815],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[283,104395,1995,104397,12884],{"id":104396},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104398,102820],{},[20,104400,5320,104401,104403],{},[15,104402,1326],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[283,104405,2048,104407,2051,104409,2035],{"id":104406},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104408,102815],{},[15,104410,55691],{},[20,104412,104413,104414,26705,104416,104418,104419,104421],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104415,55691],{},[15,104417,19855],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104420,102815],{}," does not.",[283,104423,28496,104425,104427],{"id":104424},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104426,102815],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104429,46530,104430,104432],{},[15,104431,102815],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[32,104434,2065],{"id":2064},[172,104436,104437,104443,104449,104454,104458],{},[175,104438,104439],{},[501,104440,96775,104441,10910],{"href":98170},[15,104442,55691],{},[175,104444,104445],{},[501,104446,96775,104447,10910],{"href":98175},[15,104448,12931],{},[175,104450,104451],{},[501,104452,104453],{"href":97844},"Python set: creating a set",[175,104455,104456],{},[501,104457,100310],{"href":98752},[175,104459,104460],{},[501,104461,11430],{"href":11242},[2103,104463,104464],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":104466},[104467,104468,104470,104473,104478,104479,104480,104481,104483,104492,104493,104502],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":102992,"depth":87,"text":104469},"What set.discard() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":104471},[104472],{"id":103065,"depth":109,"text":103066},{"id":103145,"depth":87,"text":104474,"children":104475},"What makes discard() different",[104476],{"id":103184,"depth":109,"text":104477},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103337,"depth":87,"text":103338},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":103708,"depth":87,"text":103709},{"id":103901,"depth":87,"text":104482},"When to use discard()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":104484},[104485,104487,104489,104491],{"id":103930,"depth":109,"text":104486},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104060,"depth":109,"text":104488},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104148,"depth":109,"text":104490},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104253,"depth":109,"text":104254},{"id":9043,"depth":87,"text":9044},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":104494},[104495,104496,104498,104500],{"id":104386,"depth":109,"text":104387},{"id":104396,"depth":109,"text":104497},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104406,"depth":109,"text":104499},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104424,"depth":109,"text":104501},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102807,"description":104503},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104510,"title":104511,"body":104512,"description":106518,"extension":2150,"meta":106519,"navigation":112,"path":106520,"seo":106521,"stem":106522,"__hash__":106523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104513,"toc":106476},[104514,104517,104525,104530,104541,104543,104598,104602,104622,104627,104631,104636,104638,104652,104654,104729,104731,104764,104769,104774,104776,104778,104793,104796,104804,104809,104824,104826,104915,104917,105006,105012,105016,105018,105056,105058,105082,105085,105100,105102,105157,105159,105192,105194,105199,105203,105207,105212,105277,105279,105299,105305,105309,105366,105368,105389,105393,105398,105443,105445,105478,105481,105485,105518,105520,105549,105553,105557,105560,105562,105581,105583,105629,105634,105648,105650,105681,105686,105689,105733,105735,105763,105767,105771,105787,105790,105855,105857,105869,105872,105876,105879,105884,105912,105914,105932,105938,105977,105979,105997,106003,106032,106034,106052,106055,106072,106074,106079,106083,106086,106112,106119,106124,106139,106148,106152,106155,106186,106192,106195,106204,106207,106209,106211,106269,106272,106297,106299,106303,106306,106310,106318,106322,106325,106329,106332,106334,106357,106359,106400,106407,106415,106418,106449,106451,106473],[10,104515,104511],{"id":104516},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104518,9295,104519,104521,104522,507],{},[15,104520,3978],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3924,104523,104524],{},"unique values only",[20,104526,35575,104527,104529],{},[15,104528,3978],{}," to:",[172,104531,104532,104535,104538],{},[175,104533,104534],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[175,104536,104537],{},"check whether a value exists",[175,104539,104540],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[32,104542,35],{"id":34},[37,104544,104546],{"className":39,"code":104545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104547,104548,104572,104587],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104549,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558,104560,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104551,53],{"class":52},[46,104553,57],{"class":56},[46,104555,61],{"class":60},[46,104557,3175],{"class":64},[46,104559,68],{"class":60},[46,104561,71],{"class":64},[46,104563,68],{"class":60},[46,104565,71],{"class":64},[46,104567,68],{"class":60},[46,104569,312],{"class":64},[46,104571,84],{"class":60},[46,104573,104574,104577,104579,104581,104583,104585],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104575,104576],{"class":52},"unique_numbers ",[46,104578,57],{"class":56},[46,104580,15800],{"class":1270},[46,104582,94],{"class":60},[46,104584,103],{"class":102},[46,104586,215],{"class":60},[46,104588,104589,104591,104593,104596],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104590,91],{"class":90},[46,104592,94],{"class":60},[46,104594,104595],{"class":102},"unique_numbers",[46,104597,215],{"class":60},[20,104599,104600],{},[3924,104601,143],{},[37,104603,104604],{"className":39,"code":96568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,104605,104606],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104607,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104609,1185],{"class":60},[46,104611,3175],{"class":64},[46,104613,68],{"class":60},[46,104615,71],{"class":64},[46,104617,68],{"class":60},[46,104619,312],{"class":64},[46,104621,1105],{"class":60},[20,104623,160,104624,104626],{},[15,104625,3978],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[32,104628,104630],{"id":104629},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104632,104633,104635],{},[15,104634,3978],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104637,30708],{},[172,104639,104640,104643,104646,104649],{},[175,104641,104642],{},"A set stores unique items only",[175,104644,104645],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[175,104647,104648],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[175,104650,104651],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104653,2393],{},[37,104655,104657],{"className":39,"code":104656,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104658,104659,104699,104714,104718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104660,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104662,13243],{"class":52},[46,104664,57],{"class":56},[46,104666,61],{"class":60},[46,104668,427],{"class":426},[46,104670,13260],{"class":430},[46,104672,427],{"class":426},[46,104674,68],{"class":60},[46,104676,438],{"class":426},[46,104678,13277],{"class":430},[46,104680,427],{"class":426},[46,104682,68],{"class":60},[46,104684,438],{"class":426},[46,104686,13260],{"class":430},[46,104688,427],{"class":426},[46,104690,68],{"class":60},[46,104692,438],{"class":426},[46,104694,17622],{"class":430},[46,104696,427],{"class":426},[46,104698,84],{"class":60},[46,104700,104701,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104702,104703],{"class":52},"unique_colors ",[46,104705,57],{"class":56},[46,104707,15800],{"class":1270},[46,104709,94],{"class":60},[46,104711,17669],{"class":102},[46,104713,215],{"class":60},[46,104715,104716],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104717,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,104719,104720,104722,104724,104727],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,104721,91],{"class":90},[46,104723,94],{"class":60},[46,104725,104726],{"class":102},"unique_colors",[46,104728,215],{"class":60},[20,104730,30197],{},[37,104732,104734],{"className":39,"code":104733,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104735,104736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104737,104738,104740,104742,104744,104746,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104739,1185],{"class":60},[46,104741,1188],{"class":426},[46,104743,13277],{"class":430},[46,104745,1188],{"class":426},[46,104747,68],{"class":60},[46,104749,1197],{"class":426},[46,104751,17622],{"class":430},[46,104753,1188],{"class":426},[46,104755,68],{"class":60},[46,104757,1197],{"class":426},[46,104759,13260],{"class":430},[46,104761,1188],{"class":426},[46,104763,1105],{"class":60},[20,104765,2473,104766,104768],{},[15,104767,65553],{}," appears only once.",[20,104770,104771,104772,507],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[501,104773,96289],{"href":96288},[32,104775,2343],{"id":2342},[20,104777,2346],{},[37,104779,104781],{"className":39,"code":104780,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104782,104783],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104784,104785,104787,104789,104791],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104786,6459],{"class":1270},[46,104788,94],{"class":60},[46,104790,212],{"class":102},[46,104792,215],{"class":60},[20,104794,104795],{},"The argument is optional.",[172,104797,104798,104801],{},[175,104799,104800],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[175,104802,104803],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104805,104806,104807,198],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104808,3978],{},[172,104810,104811,104813,104815,104817,104821],{},[175,104812,8265],{},[175,104814,49116],{},[175,104816,61334],{},[175,104818,104819],{},[15,104820,36367],{},[175,104822,104823],{},"another set",[20,104825,2311],{},[37,104827,104829],{"className":39,"code":104828,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104830,104831,104857,104879,104897],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104832,104833,104835,104837,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104834,91],{"class":90},[46,104836,94],{"class":60},[46,104838,6459],{"class":1270},[46,104840,3172],{"class":60},[46,104842,3175],{"class":64},[46,104844,68],{"class":60},[46,104846,71],{"class":64},[46,104848,68],{"class":60},[46,104850,71],{"class":64},[46,104852,68],{"class":60},[46,104854,312],{"class":64},[46,104856,3186],{"class":60},[46,104858,104859,104861,104863,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104860,91],{"class":90},[46,104862,94],{"class":60},[46,104864,6459],{"class":1270},[46,104866,5682],{"class":60},[46,104868,1494],{"class":64},[46,104870,68],{"class":60},[46,104872,7962],{"class":64},[46,104874,68],{"class":60},[46,104876,6176],{"class":64},[46,104878,3099],{"class":60},[46,104880,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104882,91],{"class":90},[46,104884,94],{"class":60},[46,104886,6459],{"class":1270},[46,104888,94],{"class":60},[46,104890,427],{"class":426},[46,104892,4027],{"class":430},[46,104894,427],{"class":426},[46,104896,106],{"class":60},[46,104898,104899,104901,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,104900,91],{"class":90},[46,104902,94],{"class":60},[46,104904,6459],{"class":1270},[46,104906,94],{"class":60},[46,104908,60158],{"class":90},[46,104910,94],{"class":60},[46,104912,2691],{"class":64},[46,104914,3099],{"class":60},[20,104916,30197],{},[37,104918,104920],{"className":39,"code":104919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104921,104922,104938,104950,104986],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,104923,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,104925,1185],{"class":60},[46,104927,3175],{"class":64},[46,104929,68],{"class":60},[46,104931,71],{"class":64},[46,104933,68],{"class":60},[46,104935,312],{"class":64},[46,104937,1105],{"class":60},[46,104939,104940,104942,104944,104946,104948],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,104941,1185],{"class":60},[46,104943,1494],{"class":64},[46,104945,68],{"class":60},[46,104947,7962],{"class":64},[46,104949,1105],{"class":60},[46,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966,104968,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,104953,1185],{"class":60},[46,104955,1188],{"class":426},[46,104957,60598],{"class":430},[46,104959,1188],{"class":426},[46,104961,68],{"class":60},[46,104963,1197],{"class":426},[46,104965,60607],{"class":430},[46,104967,1188],{"class":426},[46,104969,68],{"class":60},[46,104971,1197],{"class":426},[46,104973,60616],{"class":430},[46,104975,1188],{"class":426},[46,104977,68],{"class":60},[46,104979,1197],{"class":426},[46,104981,60633],{"class":430},[46,104983,1188],{"class":426},[46,104985,1105],{"class":60},[46,104987,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,104989,1185],{"class":60},[46,104991,554],{"class":64},[46,104993,68],{"class":60},[46,104995,81],{"class":64},[46,104997,68],{"class":60},[46,104999,71],{"class":64},[46,105001,68],{"class":60},[46,105003,312],{"class":64},[46,105005,1105],{"class":60},[20,105007,105008,105009,507],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[501,105010,105011],{"href":65008},"Python list() function explained",[32,105013,105015],{"id":105014},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105017,98241],{},[37,105019,105020],{"className":39,"code":99206,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,105021,105022,105032,105042],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105023,105024,105026,105028,105030],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105025,98251],{"class":52},[46,105027,57],{"class":56},[46,105029,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105031,8814],{"class":60},[46,105033,105034,105036,105038,105040],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105035,91],{"class":90},[46,105037,94],{"class":60},[46,105039,98270],{"class":102},[46,105041,215],{"class":60},[46,105043,105044,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,105045,91],{"class":90},[46,105047,94],{"class":60},[46,105049,1889],{"class":1270},[46,105051,94],{"class":60},[46,105053,98270],{"class":102},[46,105055,106],{"class":60},[20,105057,143],{},[37,105059,105060],{"className":39,"code":99249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,105061,105062,105068],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105063,105064,105066],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105065,6459],{"class":1270},[46,105067,8814],{"class":60},[46,105069,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105071,3476],{"class":56},[46,105073,3479],{"class":1140},[46,105075,1197],{"class":426},[46,105077,6459],{"class":430},[46,105079,1188],{"class":426},[46,105081,3488],{"class":56},[20,105083,105084],{},"This is important because:",[172,105086,105087,105092],{},[175,105088,105089,105091],{},[15,105090,3978],{}," creates an empty set",[175,105093,105094,105096,105097,105099],{},[15,105095,3973],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3924,105098,4805],{}," a set",[20,105101,2393],{},[37,105103,105105],{"className":39,"code":105104,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105106,105107,105117,105125,105129,105143],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105108,105109,105111,105113,105115],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105110,2741],{"class":52},[46,105112,57],{"class":56},[46,105114,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105116,8814],{"class":60},[46,105118,105119,105121,105123],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105120,2769],{"class":52},[46,105122,57],{"class":56},[46,105124,10007],{"class":60},[46,105126,105127],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,105128,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,105130,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,105132,91],{"class":90},[46,105134,94],{"class":60},[46,105136,1889],{"class":1270},[46,105138,94],{"class":60},[46,105140,501],{"class":102},[46,105142,106],{"class":60},[46,105144,105145,105147,105149,105151,105153,105155],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,105146,91],{"class":90},[46,105148,94],{"class":60},[46,105150,1889],{"class":1270},[46,105152,94],{"class":60},[46,105154,4935],{"class":102},[46,105156,106],{"class":60},[20,105158,143],{},[37,105160,105162],{"className":39,"code":105161,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105163,105164,105178],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105165,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105167,3476],{"class":56},[46,105169,3479],{"class":1140},[46,105171,1197],{"class":426},[46,105173,6459],{"class":430},[46,105175,1188],{"class":426},[46,105177,3488],{"class":56},[46,105179,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105181,3476],{"class":56},[46,105183,3479],{"class":1140},[46,105185,1197],{"class":426},[46,105187,8993],{"class":430},[46,105189,1188],{"class":426},[46,105191,3488],{"class":56},[20,105193,14216],{},[20,105195,105196,105197,507],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[501,105198,104453],{"href":96292},[32,105200,105202],{"id":105201},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[283,105204,105206],{"id":105205},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105208,105209,105210,507],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105211,3978],{},[37,105213,105215],{"className":39,"code":105214,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105216,105217,105249,105263,105267],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105218,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105220,53],{"class":52},[46,105222,57],{"class":56},[46,105224,61],{"class":60},[46,105226,3175],{"class":64},[46,105228,68],{"class":60},[46,105230,71],{"class":64},[46,105232,68],{"class":60},[46,105234,71],{"class":64},[46,105236,68],{"class":60},[46,105238,312],{"class":64},[46,105240,68],{"class":60},[46,105242,312],{"class":64},[46,105244,68],{"class":60},[46,105246,312],{"class":64},[46,105248,84],{"class":60},[46,105250,105251,105253,105255,105257,105259,105261],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105252,2416],{"class":52},[46,105254,57],{"class":56},[46,105256,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105258,94],{"class":60},[46,105260,103],{"class":102},[46,105262,215],{"class":60},[46,105264,105265],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,105266,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,105268,105269,105271,105273,105275],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,105270,91],{"class":90},[46,105272,94],{"class":60},[46,105274,2451],{"class":102},[46,105276,215],{"class":60},[20,105278,143],{},[37,105280,105281],{"className":39,"code":96568,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,105282,105283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105284,105285,105287,105289,105291,105293,105295,105297],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105286,1185],{"class":60},[46,105288,3175],{"class":64},[46,105290,68],{"class":60},[46,105292,71],{"class":64},[46,105294,68],{"class":60},[46,105296,312],{"class":64},[46,105298,1105],{"class":60},[20,105300,105301,105302,507],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[501,105303,99039],{"href":105304},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[283,105306,105308],{"id":105307},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[37,105310,105312],{"className":39,"code":105311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105313,105314,105338,105352,105356],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105315,105316,105318,105320,105322,105324,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105317,4004],{"class":52},[46,105319,57],{"class":56},[46,105321,9406],{"class":60},[46,105323,65],{"class":64},[46,105325,68],{"class":60},[46,105327,1508],{"class":64},[46,105329,68],{"class":60},[46,105331,6176],{"class":64},[46,105333,68],{"class":60},[46,105335,38102],{"class":64},[46,105337,215],{"class":60},[46,105339,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105341,2416],{"class":52},[46,105343,57],{"class":56},[46,105345,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105347,94],{"class":60},[46,105349,5530],{"class":102},[46,105351,215],{"class":60},[46,105353,105354],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,105355,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,105357,105358,105360,105362,105364],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,105359,91],{"class":90},[46,105361,94],{"class":60},[46,105363,2451],{"class":102},[46,105365,215],{"class":60},[20,105367,143],{},[37,105369,105371],{"className":39,"code":105370,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105372,105373],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105374,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105376,1185],{"class":60},[46,105378,65],{"class":64},[46,105380,68],{"class":60},[46,105382,6176],{"class":64},[46,105384,68],{"class":60},[46,105386,38102],{"class":64},[46,105388,1105],{"class":60},[283,105390,105392],{"id":105391},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105394,51291,105395,105397],{},[15,105396,3978],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[37,105399,105401],{"className":39,"code":105400,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105402,105403,105415,105429,105433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105404,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105406,34856],{"class":52},[46,105408,57],{"class":56},[46,105410,438],{"class":426},[46,105412,450],{"class":430},[46,105414,3544],{"class":426},[46,105416,105417,105419,105421,105423,105425,105427],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105418,2416],{"class":52},[46,105420,57],{"class":56},[46,105422,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105424,94],{"class":60},[46,105426,34877],{"class":102},[46,105428,215],{"class":60},[46,105430,105431],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,105432,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,105434,105435,105437,105439,105441],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,105436,91],{"class":90},[46,105438,94],{"class":60},[46,105440,2451],{"class":102},[46,105442,215],{"class":60},[20,105444,30197],{},[37,105446,105448],{"className":39,"code":105447,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105449,105450],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105451,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464,105466,105468,105470,105472,105474,105476],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105453,1185],{"class":60},[46,105455,1188],{"class":426},[46,105457,4935],{"class":430},[46,105459,1188],{"class":426},[46,105461,68],{"class":60},[46,105463,1197],{"class":426},[46,105465,501],{"class":430},[46,105467,1188],{"class":426},[46,105469,68],{"class":60},[46,105471,1197],{"class":426},[46,105473,76184],{"class":430},[46,105475,1188],{"class":426},[46,105477,1105],{"class":60},[20,105479,105480],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[283,105482,105484],{"id":105483},"from-range","From range()",[37,105486,105488],{"className":39,"code":105487,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105489,105490,105508],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105491,105492,105494,105496,105498,105500,105502,105504,105506],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105493,2416],{"class":52},[46,105495,57],{"class":56},[46,105497,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105499,94],{"class":60},[46,105501,60158],{"class":90},[46,105503,94],{"class":60},[46,105505,65],{"class":64},[46,105507,106],{"class":60},[46,105509,105510,105512,105514,105516],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105511,91],{"class":90},[46,105513,94],{"class":60},[46,105515,2451],{"class":102},[46,105517,215],{"class":60},[20,105519,143],{},[37,105521,105523],{"className":39,"code":105522,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105524,105525],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105526,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105528,1185],{"class":60},[46,105530,554],{"class":64},[46,105532,68],{"class":60},[46,105534,81],{"class":64},[46,105536,68],{"class":60},[46,105538,71],{"class":64},[46,105540,68],{"class":60},[46,105542,312],{"class":64},[46,105544,68],{"class":60},[46,105546,2643],{"class":64},[46,105548,1105],{"class":60},[32,105550,105552],{"id":105551},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105554,99486,105555,507],{},[3924,105556,96332],{},[20,105558,105559],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105561,99492],{},[172,105563,105564,105568,105572,105576],{},[175,105565,105566],{},[15,105567,1584],{},[175,105569,105570],{},[15,105571,1769],{},[175,105573,105574],{},[15,105575,2377],{},[175,105577,105578,105580],{},[15,105579,49116],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105582,2393],{},[37,105584,105586],{"className":39,"code":105585,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105587,105588,105619],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105589,105590,105592,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105591,1398],{"class":52},[46,105593,57],{"class":56},[46,105595,10660],{"class":60},[46,105597,3175],{"class":64},[46,105599,68],{"class":60},[46,105601,438],{"class":426},[46,105603,4027],{"class":430},[46,105605,427],{"class":426},[46,105607,68],{"class":60},[46,105609,9406],{"class":60},[46,105611,1494],{"class":64},[46,105613,68],{"class":60},[46,105615,7962],{"class":64},[46,105617,105618],{"class":60},")}\n",[46,105620,105621,105623,105625,105627],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105622,91],{"class":90},[46,105624,94],{"class":60},[46,105626,1415],{"class":102},[46,105628,215],{"class":60},[20,105630,99554,105631,105633],{},[3924,105632,4805],{}," work inside a set:",[172,105635,105636,105640,105644],{},[175,105637,105638],{},[15,105639,8265],{},[175,105641,105642],{},[15,105643,8993],{},[175,105645,105646],{},[15,105647,6459],{},[20,105649,97057],{},[37,105651,105653],{"className":39,"code":105652,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105654,105655],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105656,105657,105659,105661,105663,105665,105667,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105658,99573],{"class":52},[46,105660,57],{"class":56},[46,105662,99578],{"class":60},[46,105664,3175],{"class":64},[46,105666,68],{"class":60},[46,105668,71],{"class":64},[46,105670,18229],{"class":60},[46,105672,61],{"class":60},[46,105674,2249],{"class":64},[46,105676,68],{"class":60},[46,105678,2643],{"class":64},[46,105680,13873],{"class":60},[20,105682,77011,105683,105685],{},[15,105684,1638],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105687,105688],{},"A safer example:",[37,105690,105692],{"className":39,"code":105691,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105693,105694,105722],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105695,105696,105699,105701,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105697,105698],{"class":52},"good_set ",[46,105700,57],{"class":56},[46,105702,105703],{"class":60}," {(",[46,105705,3175],{"class":64},[46,105707,68],{"class":60},[46,105709,71],{"class":64},[46,105711,9403],{"class":60},[46,105713,9406],{"class":60},[46,105715,2249],{"class":64},[46,105717,68],{"class":60},[46,105719,2643],{"class":64},[46,105721,105618],{"class":60},[46,105723,105724,105726,105728,105731],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105725,91],{"class":90},[46,105727,94],{"class":60},[46,105729,105730],{"class":102},"good_set",[46,105732,215],{"class":60},[20,105734,143],{},[37,105736,105738],{"className":39,"code":105737,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105739,105740],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105741,105742,105745,105747,105749,105751,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105743,105744],{"class":60},"{(",[46,105746,3175],{"class":64},[46,105748,68],{"class":60},[46,105750,71],{"class":64},[46,105752,9403],{"class":60},[46,105754,9406],{"class":60},[46,105756,2249],{"class":64},[46,105758,68],{"class":60},[46,105760,2643],{"class":64},[46,105762,105618],{"class":60},[32,105764,105766],{"id":105765},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105768,160,105769,1801],{},[15,105770,3978],{},[172,105772,105773,105776,105781,105784],{},[175,105774,105775],{},"you need unique values only",[175,105777,105778,105779],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105780,1602],{},[175,105782,105783],{},"order does not matter",[175,105785,105786],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105788,105789],{},"Example of membership checking:",[37,105791,105793],{"className":39,"code":105792,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105794,105795,105820,105824,105840],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105796,105797,105800,105802,105804,105806,105808,105810,105813,105815,105818],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105798,105799],{"class":52},"allowed_ids ",[46,105801,57],{"class":56},[46,105803,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105805,3172],{"class":60},[46,105807,46757],{"class":64},[46,105809,68],{"class":60},[46,105811,105812],{"class":64}," 102",[46,105814,68],{"class":60},[46,105816,105817],{"class":64}," 103",[46,105819,1161],{"class":60},[46,105821,105822],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105823,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,105825,105826,105828,105830,105833,105835,105838],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,105827,91],{"class":90},[46,105829,94],{"class":60},[46,105831,105832],{"class":64},"102",[46,105834,21341],{"class":1595},[46,105836,105837],{"class":102}," allowed_ids",[46,105839,215],{"class":60},[46,105841,105842,105844,105846,105849,105851,105853],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,105843,91],{"class":90},[46,105845,94],{"class":60},[46,105847,105848],{"class":64},"999",[46,105850,21341],{"class":1595},[46,105852,105837],{"class":102},[46,105854,215],{"class":60},[20,105856,143],{},[37,105858,105859],{"className":39,"code":44338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,105860,105861,105865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105862,105863],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105864,4157],{"class":1325},[46,105866,105867],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105868,4218],{"class":1325},[20,105870,105871],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[32,105873,105875],{"id":105874},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105877,105878],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[283,105880,160,105882,98183],{"id":105881},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105883,3978],{},[37,105885,105886],{"className":39,"code":98244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,105887,105888,105898],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105889,105890,105892,105894,105896],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105891,98251],{"class":52},[46,105893,57],{"class":56},[46,105895,15800],{"class":1270},[46,105897,8814],{"class":60},[46,105899,105900,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105901,91],{"class":90},[46,105903,94],{"class":60},[46,105905,1889],{"class":1270},[46,105907,94],{"class":60},[46,105909,98270],{"class":102},[46,105911,106],{"class":60},[20,105913,143],{},[37,105915,105916],{"className":39,"code":9024,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,105917,105918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105919,105920,105922,105924,105926,105928,105930],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105921,3476],{"class":56},[46,105923,3479],{"class":1140},[46,105925,1197],{"class":426},[46,105927,6459],{"class":430},[46,105929,1188],{"class":426},[46,105931,3488],{"class":56},[283,105933,160,105935,105937],{"id":105934},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105936,100243],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[37,105939,105941],{"className":39,"code":105940,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105942,105943,105963],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105944,105945,105947,105949,105951,105953,105955,105957,105959,105961],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105946,53],{"class":52},[46,105948,57],{"class":56},[46,105950,10660],{"class":60},[46,105952,3175],{"class":64},[46,105954,68],{"class":60},[46,105956,71],{"class":64},[46,105958,68],{"class":60},[46,105960,312],{"class":64},[46,105962,1105],{"class":60},[46,105964,105965,105967,105969,105971,105973,105975],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,105966,91],{"class":90},[46,105968,94],{"class":60},[46,105970,1889],{"class":1270},[46,105972,94],{"class":60},[46,105974,103],{"class":102},[46,105976,106],{"class":60},[20,105978,143],{},[37,105980,105981],{"className":39,"code":9024,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,105982,105983],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,105984,105985,105987,105989,105991,105993,105995],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,105986,3476],{"class":56},[46,105988,3479],{"class":1140},[46,105990,1197],{"class":426},[46,105992,6459],{"class":430},[46,105994,1188],{"class":426},[46,105996,3488],{"class":56},[283,105998,160,106000,106002],{"id":105999},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106001,3973],{}," for an empty dictionary",[37,106004,106006],{"className":39,"code":106005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106007,106008,106017],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106009,106010,106013,106015],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106011,106012],{"class":52},"empty_dict ",[46,106014,57],{"class":56},[46,106016,10007],{"class":60},[46,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106030],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,106020,91],{"class":90},[46,106022,94],{"class":60},[46,106024,1889],{"class":1270},[46,106026,94],{"class":60},[46,106028,106029],{"class":102},"empty_dict",[46,106031,106],{"class":60},[20,106033,143],{},[37,106035,106036],{"className":39,"code":8980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,106037,106038],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106039,106040,106042,106044,106046,106048,106050],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106041,3476],{"class":56},[46,106043,3479],{"class":1140},[46,106045,1197],{"class":426},[46,106047,8993],{"class":430},[46,106049,1188],{"class":426},[46,106051,3488],{"class":56},[20,106053,106054],{},"So the rule is simple:",[172,106056,106057,106062,106067],{},[175,106058,106059,106061],{},[15,106060,3978],{}," → empty set",[175,106063,106064,106066],{},[15,106065,100243],{}," → non-empty set",[175,106068,106069,106071],{},[15,106070,3973],{}," → empty dictionary",[32,106073,1834],{"id":1833},[20,106075,106076,106077,507],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106078,3978],{},[283,106080,578,106081,99841],{"id":99838},[15,106082,3973],{},[20,106084,106085],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[37,106087,106088],{"className":39,"code":99847,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,106089,106090,106098],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106091,106092,106094,106096],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106093,2633],{"class":52},[46,106095,57],{"class":56},[46,106097,10007],{"class":60},[46,106099,106100,106102,106104,106106,106108,106110],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,106101,91],{"class":90},[46,106103,94],{"class":60},[46,106105,1889],{"class":1270},[46,106107,94],{"class":60},[46,106109,2659],{"class":102},[46,106111,106],{"class":60},[283,106113,106115,106116],{"id":106114},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106117,106118],{},"set(5)",[20,106120,106121,106123],{},[15,106122,3978],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[37,106125,106127],{"className":39,"code":106126,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set(5)\n",[15,106128,106129],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106130,106131,106133,106135,106137],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106132,6459],{"class":1270},[46,106134,94],{"class":60},[46,106136,65],{"class":64},[46,106138,215],{"class":60},[20,106140,1386,106141,106143,106144,507],{},[15,106142,1638],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[501,106145,106147],{"href":106146},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[283,106149,106151],{"id":106150},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106153,106154],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[37,106156,106158],{"className":39,"code":106157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106159,106160],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106161,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182,106184],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106163,2633],{"class":52},[46,106165,57],{"class":56},[46,106167,99578],{"class":60},[46,106169,3175],{"class":64},[46,106171,68],{"class":60},[46,106173,71],{"class":64},[46,106175,18229],{"class":60},[46,106177,61],{"class":60},[46,106179,2249],{"class":64},[46,106181,68],{"class":60},[46,106183,2643],{"class":64},[46,106185,13873],{"class":60},[283,106187,1853,106189,106191],{"id":106188},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106190,3978],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106193,106194],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[283,106196,37372,106198,8876,106200,3065,106202],{"id":106197},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106199,3978],{},[15,106201,24948],{},[15,106203,9292],{},[20,106205,106206],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[32,106208,60870],{"id":60869},[20,106210,11281],{},[37,106212,106214],{"className":39,"code":106213,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106215,106216,106231,106241,106255],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106217,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226,106229],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106219,91],{"class":90},[46,106221,94],{"class":60},[46,106223,1889],{"class":1270},[46,106225,94],{"class":60},[46,106227,106228],{"class":102},"my_value",[46,106230,106],{"class":60},[46,106232,106233,106235,106237,106239],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,106234,91],{"class":90},[46,106236,94],{"class":60},[46,106238,106228],{"class":102},[46,106240,215],{"class":60},[46,106242,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,106244,91],{"class":90},[46,106246,94],{"class":60},[46,106248,8265],{"class":1270},[46,106250,94],{"class":60},[46,106252,15833],{"class":102},[46,106254,106],{"class":60},[46,106256,106257,106259,106261,106263,106265,106267],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,106258,91],{"class":90},[46,106260,94],{"class":60},[46,106262,476],{"class":90},[46,106264,94],{"class":60},[46,106266,15833],{"class":102},[46,106268,106],{"class":60},[20,106270,106271],{},"What they help you see:",[172,106273,106274,106280,106285,106291],{},[175,106275,106276,106279],{},[15,106277,106278],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[175,106281,106282,90507],{},[15,106283,106284],{},"print(my_value)",[175,106286,106287,106290],{},[15,106288,106289],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[175,106292,106293,106296],{},[15,106294,106295],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[32,106298,1991],{"id":1990},[283,106300,106302],{"id":106301},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106304,106305],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[283,106307,106309],{"id":106308},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106311,160,106312,106314,106315,106317],{},[15,106313,3978],{},". Do not use ",[15,106316,3973],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[283,106319,106321],{"id":106320},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106323,106324],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[283,106326,106328],{"id":106327},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106330,106331],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106333,2393],{},[37,106335,106337],{"className":39,"code":106336,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106338,106339],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106340,106341,106343,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106342,91],{"class":90},[46,106344,94],{"class":60},[46,106346,6459],{"class":1270},[46,106348,94],{"class":60},[46,106350,427],{"class":426},[46,106352,756],{"class":430},[46,106354,427],{"class":426},[46,106356,106],{"class":60},[20,106358,30197],{},[37,106360,106362],{"className":39,"code":106361,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106363,106364],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106365,106366,106368,106370,106372,106374,106376,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106388,106390,106392,106394,106396,106398],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106367,1185],{"class":60},[46,106369,1188],{"class":426},[46,106371,501],{"class":430},[46,106373,1188],{"class":426},[46,106375,68],{"class":60},[46,106377,1197],{"class":426},[46,106379,20],{"class":430},[46,106381,1188],{"class":426},[46,106383,68],{"class":60},[46,106385,1197],{"class":426},[46,106387,60616],{"class":430},[46,106389,1188],{"class":426},[46,106391,68],{"class":60},[46,106393,1197],{"class":426},[46,106395,60607],{"class":430},[46,106397,1188],{"class":426},[46,106399,1105],{"class":60},[283,106401,5330,106403,106406],{"id":106402},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106404,106405],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106408,106409,28853,106411,106414],{},[15,106410,3978],{},[3924,106412,106413],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106416,106417],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[37,106419,106421],{"className":39,"code":106420,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106422,106423],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106424,106425,106427,106429,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445,106447],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106426,91],{"class":90},[46,106428,94],{"class":60},[46,106430,6459],{"class":1270},[46,106432,3172],{"class":60},[46,106434,3175],{"class":64},[46,106436,68],{"class":60},[46,106438,71],{"class":64},[46,106440,68],{"class":60},[46,106442,312],{"class":64},[46,106444,68],{"class":60},[46,106446,2643],{"class":64},[46,106448,3186],{"class":60},[32,106450,2065],{"id":2064},[172,106452,106453,106457,106461,106465,106469],{},[175,106454,106455],{},[501,106456,96289],{"href":96288},[175,106458,106459],{},[501,106460,104453],{"href":96292},[175,106462,106463],{},[501,106464,100305],{"href":105304},[175,106466,106467],{},[501,106468,105011],{"href":65008},[175,106470,106471],{},[501,106472,106147],{"href":106146},[2103,106474,106475],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":106477},[106478,106479,106480,106481,106482,106488,106489,106490,106498,106508,106509,106517],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":104629,"depth":87,"text":104630},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":105014,"depth":87,"text":105015},{"id":105201,"depth":87,"text":105202,"children":106483},[106484,106485,106486,106487],{"id":105205,"depth":109,"text":105206},{"id":105307,"depth":109,"text":105308},{"id":105391,"depth":109,"text":105392},{"id":105483,"depth":109,"text":105484},{"id":105551,"depth":87,"text":105552},{"id":105765,"depth":87,"text":105766},{"id":105874,"depth":87,"text":105875,"children":106491},[106492,106494,106496],{"id":105881,"depth":109,"text":106493},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105934,"depth":109,"text":106495},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105999,"depth":109,"text":106497},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":106499},[106500,106501,106503,106504,106506],{"id":99838,"depth":109,"text":100346},{"id":106114,"depth":109,"text":106502},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106150,"depth":109,"text":106151},{"id":106188,"depth":109,"text":106505},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106197,"depth":109,"text":106507},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60869,"depth":87,"text":60870},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":106510},[106511,106512,106513,106514,106515],{"id":106301,"depth":109,"text":106302},{"id":106308,"depth":109,"text":106309},{"id":106320,"depth":109,"text":106321},{"id":106327,"depth":109,"text":106328},{"id":106402,"depth":109,"text":106516},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104511,"description":106518},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106525,"title":106526,"body":106527,"description":108042,"extension":2150,"meta":108043,"navigation":112,"path":108044,"seo":108045,"stem":108046,"__hash__":108047},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106528,"toc":108018},[106529,106535,106540,106543,106626,106631,106636,106641,106643,106656,106660,106662,106681,106684,106707,106710,106721,106723,106804,106806,106823,106825,106831,106834,106929,106931,106962,106964,106972,106974,106977,107088,107090,107115,107117,107139,107144,107149,107155,107264,107266,107282,107285,107288,107371,107373,107390,107398,107400,107404,107410,107501,107503,107536,107541,107548,107625,107627,107644,107650,107652,107656,107672,107675,107701,107703,107764,107766,107889,107891,107942,107948,107950,107955,107957,107963,107966,107970,107973,107977,107980,107990,107992,108015],[10,106530,13,106532,11490],{"id":106531},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106533,106534],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106536,882,106537,106539],{},[15,106538,106534],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106541,106542],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[37,106544,106546],{"className":39,"code":106545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106547,106548,106568,106588,106592,106611,106621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106549,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564,106566],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106551,2741],{"class":52},[46,106553,57],{"class":56},[46,106555,10660],{"class":60},[46,106557,3175],{"class":64},[46,106559,68],{"class":60},[46,106561,71],{"class":64},[46,106563,68],{"class":60},[46,106565,312],{"class":64},[46,106567,1105],{"class":60},[46,106569,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,106571,2769],{"class":52},[46,106573,57],{"class":56},[46,106575,10660],{"class":60},[46,106577,2243],{"class":64},[46,106579,68],{"class":60},[46,106581,312],{"class":64},[46,106583,68],{"class":60},[46,106585,2643],{"class":64},[46,106587,1105],{"class":60},[46,106589,106590],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,106591,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,106593,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106605,106607,106609],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,106595,2416],{"class":52},[46,106597,57],{"class":56},[46,106599,57049],{"class":52},[46,106601,507],{"class":60},[46,106603,106604],{"class":102},"intersection",[46,106606,94],{"class":60},[46,106608,4935],{"class":102},[46,106610,215],{"class":60},[46,106612,106613,106615,106617,106619],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,106614,91],{"class":90},[46,106616,94],{"class":60},[46,106618,2451],{"class":102},[46,106620,215],{"class":60},[46,106622,106623],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,106624,106625],{"class":3845},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106627,160,106628,106630],{},[15,106629,102752],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[32,106632,13163,106634,13166],{"id":106633},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106635,102752],{},[20,106637,106638,106640],{},[15,106639,102752],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106642,13219],{},[172,106644,106645,106648,106650,106653],{},[175,106646,106647],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[175,106649,100522],{},[175,106651,106652],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[175,106654,106655],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106657,96285,106658,507],{},[501,106659,96289],{"href":96288},[32,106661,2343],{"id":2342},[37,106663,106665],{"className":39,"code":106664,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106666,106667],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106668,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106670,100546],{"class":52},[46,106672,507],{"class":60},[46,106674,106604],{"class":102},[46,106676,94],{"class":60},[46,106678,100555],{"class":102},[46,106680,215],{"class":60},[20,106682,106683],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[37,106685,106687],{"className":39,"code":106686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106688,106689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106690,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106692,100546],{"class":52},[46,106694,507],{"class":60},[46,106696,106604],{"class":102},[46,106698,94],{"class":60},[46,106700,100555],{"class":102},[46,106702,68],{"class":60},[46,106704,100582],{"class":102},[46,106706,215],{"class":60},[20,106708,106709],{},"Important notes:",[172,106711,106712,106715,106718],{},[175,106713,106714],{},"The result is always a new set",[175,106716,106717],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[175,106719,106720],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106722,2393],{},[37,106724,106726],{"className":39,"code":106725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106727,106728,106752,106772,106776,106794],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106729,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746,106748,106750],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106731,2741],{"class":52},[46,106733,57],{"class":56},[46,106735,10660],{"class":60},[46,106737,3175],{"class":64},[46,106739,68],{"class":60},[46,106741,71],{"class":64},[46,106743,68],{"class":60},[46,106745,312],{"class":64},[46,106747,68],{"class":60},[46,106749,2643],{"class":64},[46,106751,1105],{"class":60},[46,106753,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,106755,2769],{"class":52},[46,106757,57],{"class":56},[46,106759,10660],{"class":60},[46,106761,2249],{"class":64},[46,106763,68],{"class":60},[46,106765,2643],{"class":64},[46,106767,68],{"class":60},[46,106769,1508],{"class":64},[46,106771,1105],{"class":60},[46,106773,106774],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,106775,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,106777,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,106779,2416],{"class":52},[46,106781,57],{"class":56},[46,106783,57049],{"class":52},[46,106785,507],{"class":60},[46,106787,106604],{"class":102},[46,106789,94],{"class":60},[46,106791,4935],{"class":102},[46,106793,215],{"class":60},[46,106795,106796,106798,106800,106802],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,106797,91],{"class":90},[46,106799,94],{"class":60},[46,106801,2451],{"class":102},[46,106803,215],{"class":60},[20,106805,143],{},[37,106807,106809],{"className":39,"code":106808,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106810,106811],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106812,106813,106815,106817,106819,106821],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106814,1185],{"class":60},[46,106816,2249],{"class":64},[46,106818,68],{"class":60},[46,106820,2643],{"class":64},[46,106822,1105],{"class":60},[32,106824,17585],{"id":17584},[20,106826,106827,22142,106829,507],{},[15,106828,102752],{},[3924,106830,6459],{},[20,106832,106833],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[37,106835,106837],{"className":39,"code":106836,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106838,106839,106859,106879,106883,106901,106905,106915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106840,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106842,2741],{"class":52},[46,106844,57],{"class":56},[46,106846,10660],{"class":60},[46,106848,3175],{"class":64},[46,106850,68],{"class":60},[46,106852,71],{"class":64},[46,106854,68],{"class":60},[46,106856,312],{"class":64},[46,106858,1105],{"class":60},[46,106860,106861,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,106862,2769],{"class":52},[46,106864,57],{"class":56},[46,106866,10660],{"class":60},[46,106868,2243],{"class":64},[46,106870,68],{"class":60},[46,106872,312],{"class":64},[46,106874,68],{"class":60},[46,106876,2643],{"class":64},[46,106878,1105],{"class":60},[46,106880,106881],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,106882,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,106884,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,106886,2416],{"class":52},[46,106888,57],{"class":56},[46,106890,57049],{"class":52},[46,106892,507],{"class":60},[46,106894,106604],{"class":102},[46,106896,94],{"class":60},[46,106898,4935],{"class":102},[46,106900,215],{"class":60},[46,106902,106903],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,106904,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,106906,106907,106909,106911,106913],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,106908,91],{"class":90},[46,106910,94],{"class":60},[46,106912,2451],{"class":102},[46,106914,215],{"class":60},[46,106916,106917,106919,106921,106923,106925,106927],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,106918,91],{"class":90},[46,106920,94],{"class":60},[46,106922,1889],{"class":1270},[46,106924,94],{"class":60},[46,106926,2451],{"class":102},[46,106928,106],{"class":60},[20,106930,143],{},[37,106932,106934],{"className":39,"code":106933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106935,106936,106948],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106937,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106939,1185],{"class":60},[46,106941,2243],{"class":64},[46,106943,68],{"class":60},[46,106945,312],{"class":64},[46,106947,1105],{"class":60},[46,106949,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,106951,3476],{"class":56},[46,106953,3479],{"class":1140},[46,106955,1197],{"class":426},[46,106957,6459],{"class":430},[46,106959,1188],{"class":426},[46,106961,3488],{"class":56},[20,106963,1345],{},[172,106965,106966,106969],{},[175,106967,106968],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[175,106970,106971],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[32,106973,11643],{"id":11642},[20,106975,106976],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[37,106978,106980],{"className":39,"code":106979,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106981,106982,107015,107048,107052,107073,107077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,106983,106984,106987,106989,106991,106993,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,106985,106986],{"class":52},"colors1 ",[46,106988,57],{"class":56},[46,106990,10660],{"class":60},[46,106992,427],{"class":426},[46,106994,13260],{"class":430},[46,106996,427],{"class":426},[46,106998,68],{"class":60},[46,107000,438],{"class":426},[46,107002,13277],{"class":430},[46,107004,427],{"class":426},[46,107006,68],{"class":60},[46,107008,438],{"class":426},[46,107010,17622],{"class":430},[46,107012,427],{"class":426},[46,107014,1105],{"class":60},[46,107016,107017,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028,107030,107032,107034,107036,107038,107040,107042,107044,107046],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107018,107019],{"class":52},"colors2 ",[46,107021,57],{"class":56},[46,107023,10660],{"class":60},[46,107025,427],{"class":426},[46,107027,17622],{"class":430},[46,107029,427],{"class":426},[46,107031,68],{"class":60},[46,107033,438],{"class":426},[46,107035,22691],{"class":430},[46,107037,427],{"class":426},[46,107039,68],{"class":60},[46,107041,438],{"class":426},[46,107043,13277],{"class":430},[46,107045,427],{"class":426},[46,107047,1105],{"class":60},[46,107049,107050],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107051,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107053,107054,107057,107059,107062,107064,107066,107068,107071],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107055,107056],{"class":52},"common_colors ",[46,107058,57],{"class":56},[46,107060,107061],{"class":52}," colors1",[46,107063,507],{"class":60},[46,107065,106604],{"class":102},[46,107067,94],{"class":60},[46,107069,107070],{"class":102},"colors2",[46,107072,215],{"class":60},[46,107074,107075],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,107076,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107078,107079,107081,107083,107086],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,107080,91],{"class":90},[46,107082,94],{"class":60},[46,107084,107085],{"class":102},"common_colors",[46,107087,215],{"class":60},[20,107089,143],{},[37,107091,107093],{"className":39,"code":107092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107094,107095],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107096,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107098,1185],{"class":60},[46,107100,1188],{"class":426},[46,107102,13277],{"class":430},[46,107104,1188],{"class":426},[46,107106,68],{"class":60},[46,107108,1197],{"class":426},[46,107110,17622],{"class":430},[46,107112,1188],{"class":426},[46,107114,1105],{"class":60},[20,107116,11852],{},[172,107118,107119,107125,107129,107134],{},[175,107120,107121,107124],{},[15,107122,107123],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[175,107126,107127,107124],{},[15,107128,107070],{},[175,107130,107131,107133],{},[15,107132,102752],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[175,107135,107136,107137],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107138,107085],{},[32,107140,578,107142,101119],{"id":107141},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107143,102752],{},[20,107145,107146,107147,507],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107148,102752],{},[20,107150,107151,107152,107154],{},"Only the values found in ",[3924,107153,3897],{}," inputs will be kept.",[37,107156,107158],{"className":39,"code":107157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107159,107160,107184,107208,107228,107232,107254],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107161,107162,107164,107166,107168,107170,107172,107174,107176,107178,107180,107182],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107163,2741],{"class":52},[46,107165,57],{"class":56},[46,107167,10660],{"class":60},[46,107169,3175],{"class":64},[46,107171,68],{"class":60},[46,107173,71],{"class":64},[46,107175,68],{"class":60},[46,107177,312],{"class":64},[46,107179,68],{"class":60},[46,107181,2643],{"class":64},[46,107183,1105],{"class":60},[46,107185,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107187,2769],{"class":52},[46,107189,57],{"class":56},[46,107191,10660],{"class":60},[46,107193,2243],{"class":64},[46,107195,68],{"class":60},[46,107197,312],{"class":64},[46,107199,68],{"class":60},[46,107201,2643],{"class":64},[46,107203,68],{"class":60},[46,107205,1508],{"class":64},[46,107207,1105],{"class":60},[46,107209,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107211,83329],{"class":52},[46,107213,57],{"class":56},[46,107215,10660],{"class":60},[46,107217,2249],{"class":64},[46,107219,68],{"class":60},[46,107221,2643],{"class":64},[46,107223,68],{"class":60},[46,107225,37811],{"class":64},[46,107227,1105],{"class":60},[46,107229,107230],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107231,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107233,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,107235,2416],{"class":52},[46,107237,57],{"class":56},[46,107239,57049],{"class":52},[46,107241,507],{"class":60},[46,107243,106604],{"class":102},[46,107245,94],{"class":60},[46,107247,4935],{"class":102},[46,107249,68],{"class":60},[46,107251,9850],{"class":102},[46,107253,215],{"class":60},[46,107255,107256,107258,107260,107262],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,107257,91],{"class":90},[46,107259,94],{"class":60},[46,107261,2451],{"class":102},[46,107263,215],{"class":60},[20,107265,143],{},[37,107267,107268],{"className":39,"code":106808,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,107269,107270],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107271,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107273,1185],{"class":60},[46,107275,2249],{"class":64},[46,107277,68],{"class":60},[46,107279,2643],{"class":64},[46,107281,1105],{"class":60},[20,107283,107284],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107286,107287],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[37,107289,107291],{"className":39,"code":107290,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107292,107293,107317,107321,107361],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107294,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303,107305,107307,107309,107311,107313,107315],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107296,2741],{"class":52},[46,107298,57],{"class":56},[46,107300,10660],{"class":60},[46,107302,3175],{"class":64},[46,107304,68],{"class":60},[46,107306,71],{"class":64},[46,107308,68],{"class":60},[46,107310,312],{"class":64},[46,107312,68],{"class":60},[46,107314,2643],{"class":64},[46,107316,1105],{"class":60},[46,107318,107319],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107320,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107322,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333,107335,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107324,2416],{"class":52},[46,107326,57],{"class":56},[46,107328,57049],{"class":52},[46,107330,507],{"class":60},[46,107332,106604],{"class":102},[46,107334,3172],{"class":60},[46,107336,2243],{"class":64},[46,107338,68],{"class":60},[46,107340,2643],{"class":64},[46,107342,68],{"class":60},[46,107344,37811],{"class":64},[46,107346,18229],{"class":60},[46,107348,9406],{"class":60},[46,107350,3175],{"class":64},[46,107352,68],{"class":60},[46,107354,71],{"class":64},[46,107356,68],{"class":60},[46,107358,2643],{"class":64},[46,107360,106],{"class":60},[46,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107364,91],{"class":90},[46,107366,94],{"class":60},[46,107368,2451],{"class":102},[46,107370,215],{"class":60},[20,107372,143],{},[37,107374,107376],{"className":39,"code":107375,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107377,107378],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107379,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107381,1185],{"class":60},[46,107383,2243],{"class":64},[46,107385,68],{"class":60},[46,107387,2643],{"class":64},[46,107389,1105],{"class":60},[32,107391,107393,10755,107395],{"id":107392},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107394,102752],{},[15,107396,107397],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107399,101289],{},[283,107401,107402],{"id":106604},[15,107403,102752],{},[172,107405,107406,107408],{},[175,107407,101298],{},[175,107409,101301],{},[37,107411,107413],{"className":39,"code":107412,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107414,107415,107435,107455,107459,107477,107481,107491],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107416,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107418,2741],{"class":52},[46,107420,57],{"class":56},[46,107422,10660],{"class":60},[46,107424,3175],{"class":64},[46,107426,68],{"class":60},[46,107428,71],{"class":64},[46,107430,68],{"class":60},[46,107432,312],{"class":64},[46,107434,1105],{"class":60},[46,107436,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107438,2769],{"class":52},[46,107440,57],{"class":56},[46,107442,10660],{"class":60},[46,107444,2243],{"class":64},[46,107446,68],{"class":60},[46,107448,312],{"class":64},[46,107450,68],{"class":60},[46,107452,2643],{"class":64},[46,107454,1105],{"class":60},[46,107456,107457],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107458,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107460,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107462,2416],{"class":52},[46,107464,57],{"class":56},[46,107466,57049],{"class":52},[46,107468,507],{"class":60},[46,107470,106604],{"class":102},[46,107472,94],{"class":60},[46,107474,4935],{"class":102},[46,107476,215],{"class":60},[46,107478,107479],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,107480,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107482,107483,107485,107487,107489],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,107484,91],{"class":90},[46,107486,94],{"class":60},[46,107488,501],{"class":102},[46,107490,215],{"class":60},[46,107492,107493,107495,107497,107499],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,107494,91],{"class":90},[46,107496,94],{"class":60},[46,107498,2451],{"class":102},[46,107500,215],{"class":60},[20,107502,143],{},[37,107504,107506],{"className":39,"code":107505,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107507,107508,107524],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107509,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107511,1185],{"class":60},[46,107513,3175],{"class":64},[46,107515,68],{"class":60},[46,107517,71],{"class":64},[46,107519,68],{"class":60},[46,107521,312],{"class":64},[46,107523,1105],{"class":60},[46,107525,107526,107528,107530,107532,107534],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107527,1185],{"class":60},[46,107529,2243],{"class":64},[46,107531,68],{"class":60},[46,107533,312],{"class":64},[46,107535,1105],{"class":60},[283,107537,107539],{"id":107538},"intersection_update",[15,107540,107397],{},[172,107542,107543,107545],{},[175,107544,101441],{},[175,107546,107547],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[37,107549,107551],{"className":39,"code":107550,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107552,107553,107573,107593,107597,107611,107615],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107554,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565,107567,107569,107571],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107556,2741],{"class":52},[46,107558,57],{"class":56},[46,107560,10660],{"class":60},[46,107562,3175],{"class":64},[46,107564,68],{"class":60},[46,107566,71],{"class":64},[46,107568,68],{"class":60},[46,107570,312],{"class":64},[46,107572,1105],{"class":60},[46,107574,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107576,2769],{"class":52},[46,107578,57],{"class":56},[46,107580,10660],{"class":60},[46,107582,2243],{"class":64},[46,107584,68],{"class":60},[46,107586,312],{"class":64},[46,107588,68],{"class":60},[46,107590,2643],{"class":64},[46,107592,1105],{"class":60},[46,107594,107595],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107596,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107598,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107600,501],{"class":52},[46,107602,507],{"class":60},[46,107604,107538],{"class":102},[46,107606,94],{"class":60},[46,107608,4935],{"class":102},[46,107610,215],{"class":60},[46,107612,107613],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,107614,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107616,107617,107619,107621,107623],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,107618,91],{"class":90},[46,107620,94],{"class":60},[46,107622,501],{"class":102},[46,107624,215],{"class":60},[20,107626,143],{},[37,107628,107630],{"className":39,"code":107629,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107631,107632],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107633,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107635,1185],{"class":60},[46,107637,2243],{"class":64},[46,107639,68],{"class":60},[46,107641,312],{"class":64},[46,107643,1105],{"class":60},[20,107645,107646,107647,107649],{},"Choose ",[15,107648,102752],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[32,107651,4693],{"id":4692},[20,107653,14900,107654,198],{},[15,107655,102752],{},[172,107657,107658,107661,107664,107667],{},[175,107659,107660],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[175,107662,107663],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[175,107665,107666],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[175,107668,107669,107670],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107671,102752],{},[20,107673,107674],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[172,107676,107677,107682,107685,107698],{},[175,107678,578,107679,107681],{},[15,107680,102752],{}," when order matters",[175,107683,107684],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[175,107686,37372,107687,8876,107689,3065,107694],{},[15,107688,102752],{},[501,107690,107692],{"href":107691},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107693,102760],{},[501,107695,107696],{"href":102801},[15,107697,100375],{},[175,107699,107700],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107702,30303],{},[37,107704,107706],{"className":39,"code":107705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107707,107708,107718,107732,107750],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107709,107710,107712,107714,107716],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107711,91],{"class":90},[46,107713,94],{"class":60},[46,107715,15833],{"class":102},[46,107717,215],{"class":60},[46,107719,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728,107730],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107721,91],{"class":90},[46,107723,94],{"class":60},[46,107725,1889],{"class":1270},[46,107727,94],{"class":60},[46,107729,2451],{"class":102},[46,107731,106],{"class":60},[46,107733,107734,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107735,91],{"class":90},[46,107737,94],{"class":60},[46,107739,100546],{"class":102},[46,107741,507],{"class":60},[46,107743,106604],{"class":102},[46,107745,94],{"class":60},[46,107747,100555],{"class":102},[46,107749,106],{"class":60},[46,107751,107752,107754,107756,107758,107760,107762],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107753,91],{"class":90},[46,107755,94],{"class":60},[46,107757,476],{"class":90},[46,107759,94],{"class":60},[46,107761,2451],{"class":102},[46,107763,106],{"class":60},[20,107765,2393],{},[37,107767,107769],{"className":39,"code":107768,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107770,107771,107795,107815,107819,107837,107841,107851,107861,107875],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783,107785,107787,107789,107791,107793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107774,53],{"class":52},[46,107776,57],{"class":56},[46,107778,10660],{"class":60},[46,107780,3175],{"class":64},[46,107782,68],{"class":60},[46,107784,71],{"class":64},[46,107786,68],{"class":60},[46,107788,71],{"class":64},[46,107790,68],{"class":60},[46,107792,312],{"class":64},[46,107794,1105],{"class":60},[46,107796,107797,107799,107801,107803,107805,107807,107809,107811,107813],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107798,43713],{"class":52},[46,107800,57],{"class":56},[46,107802,10660],{"class":60},[46,107804,2243],{"class":64},[46,107806,68],{"class":60},[46,107808,312],{"class":64},[46,107810,68],{"class":60},[46,107812,2643],{"class":64},[46,107814,1105],{"class":60},[46,107816,107817],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107818,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107820,107821,107823,107825,107827,107829,107831,107833,107835],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107822,2416],{"class":52},[46,107824,57],{"class":56},[46,107826,4437],{"class":52},[46,107828,507],{"class":60},[46,107830,106604],{"class":102},[46,107832,94],{"class":60},[46,107834,30911],{"class":102},[46,107836,215],{"class":60},[46,107838,107839],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,107840,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,107842,107843,107845,107847,107849],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,107844,91],{"class":90},[46,107846,94],{"class":60},[46,107848,103],{"class":102},[46,107850,215],{"class":60},[46,107852,107853,107855,107857,107859],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,107854,91],{"class":90},[46,107856,94],{"class":60},[46,107858,2451],{"class":102},[46,107860,215],{"class":60},[46,107862,107863,107865,107867,107869,107871,107873],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,107864,91],{"class":90},[46,107866,94],{"class":60},[46,107868,1889],{"class":1270},[46,107870,94],{"class":60},[46,107872,2451],{"class":102},[46,107874,106],{"class":60},[46,107876,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,107878,91],{"class":90},[46,107880,94],{"class":60},[46,107882,476],{"class":90},[46,107884,94],{"class":60},[46,107886,2451],{"class":102},[46,107888,106],{"class":60},[20,107890,143],{},[37,107892,107894],{"className":39,"code":107893,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107895,107896,107912,107924,107938],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107897,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908,107910],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107899,1185],{"class":60},[46,107901,3175],{"class":64},[46,107903,68],{"class":60},[46,107905,71],{"class":64},[46,107907,68],{"class":60},[46,107909,312],{"class":64},[46,107911,1105],{"class":60},[46,107913,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,107915,1185],{"class":60},[46,107917,2243],{"class":64},[46,107919,68],{"class":60},[46,107921,312],{"class":64},[46,107923,1105],{"class":60},[46,107925,107926,107928,107930,107932,107934,107936],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,107927,3476],{"class":56},[46,107929,3479],{"class":1140},[46,107931,1197],{"class":426},[46,107933,6459],{"class":430},[46,107935,1188],{"class":426},[46,107937,3488],{"class":56},[46,107939,107940],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,107941,17222],{"class":64},[20,107943,107944,107945,107947],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107946,2243],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[32,107949,1991],{"id":1990},[283,107951,12872,107953,102700],{"id":107952},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107954,102752],{},[20,107956,102703],{},[283,107958,2005,107960,107962],{"id":107959},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107961,102752],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107964,107965],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[283,107967,107969],{"id":107968},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107971,107972],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[283,107974,107976],{"id":107975},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107978,107979],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[37,107981,107982],{"className":39,"code":97419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,107983,107984],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,107985,107986,107988],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,107987,6459],{"class":1270},[46,107989,8814],{"class":60},[32,107991,2065],{"id":2064},[172,107993,107994,107998,108005,108011],{},[175,107995,107996],{},[501,107997,96289],{"href":96288},[175,107999,108000],{},[501,108001,13,108002,10910],{"href":107691},[15,108003,108004],{},"set.union()",[175,108006,108007],{},[501,108008,13,108009,10910],{"href":102801},[15,108010,100380],{},[175,108012,108013],{},[501,108014,100305],{"href":105304},[2103,108016,108017],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":108019},[108020,108022,108023,108024,108025,108027,108032,108033,108041],{"id":106633,"depth":87,"text":108021},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":107141,"depth":87,"text":108026},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107392,"depth":87,"text":108028,"children":108029},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108030,108031],{"id":106604,"depth":109,"text":102752},{"id":107538,"depth":109,"text":107397},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":108034},[108035,108037,108039,108040],{"id":107952,"depth":109,"text":108036},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107959,"depth":109,"text":108038},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107968,"depth":109,"text":107969},{"id":107975,"depth":109,"text":107976},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106526,"description":108042},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108049,"title":108050,"body":108051,"description":109287,"extension":2150,"meta":109288,"navigation":112,"path":109289,"seo":109290,"stem":109291,"__hash__":109292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108052,"toc":109254},[108053,108058,108064,108073,108075,108150,108155,108170,108180,108185,108189,108202,108206,108208,108223,108225,108241,108243,108318,108322,108325,108327,108344,108349,108404,108409,108421,108425,108428,108529,108531,108572,108575,108579,108586,108588,108613,108616,108634,108641,108647,108650,108732,108739,108742,108822,108831,108834,108839,108843,108857,108906,108911,108915,108926,108975,108986,108991,108995,109007,109056,109067,109069,109073,109096,109098,109155,109157,109171,109173,109179,109185,109191,109200,109204,109211,109215,109223,109225,109251],[10,108054,96161,108056,11490],{"id":108055},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108057,12931],{},[20,108059,108060,108063],{},[15,108061,108062],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108065,108066,108067,108069,108070,108072],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3924,108068,4805],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108071,12931],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[32,108074,35],{"id":34},[37,108076,108078],{"className":39,"code":108077,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108079,108080,108112,108126,108130,108140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108081,108082,108084,108086,108088,108090,108092,108094,108096,108098,108100,108102,108104,108106,108108,108110],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108083,1398],{"class":52},[46,108085,57],{"class":56},[46,108087,10660],{"class":60},[46,108089,427],{"class":426},[46,108091,756],{"class":430},[46,108093,427],{"class":426},[46,108095,68],{"class":60},[46,108097,438],{"class":426},[46,108099,450],{"class":430},[46,108101,427],{"class":426},[46,108103,68],{"class":60},[46,108105,438],{"class":426},[46,108107,765],{"class":430},[46,108109,427],{"class":426},[46,108111,1105],{"class":60},[46,108113,108114,108116,108118,108120,108122,108124],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108115,70093],{"class":52},[46,108117,57],{"class":56},[46,108119,6137],{"class":52},[46,108121,507],{"class":60},[46,108123,26409],{"class":102},[46,108125,8814],{"class":60},[46,108127,108128],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,108129,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,108131,108132,108134,108136,108138],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,108133,91],{"class":90},[46,108135,94],{"class":60},[46,108137,70116],{"class":102},[46,108139,215],{"class":60},[46,108141,108142,108144,108146,108148],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,108143,91],{"class":90},[46,108145,94],{"class":60},[46,108147,1415],{"class":102},[46,108149,215],{"class":60},[20,108151,108152],{},[3924,108153,108154],{},"What this does:",[172,108156,108157,108162,108167],{},[175,108158,108159,108160],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108161,1415],{},[175,108163,108164,108165],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108166,70116],{},[175,108168,108169],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108171,108172,88921,108174,108176,108177,108179],{},[3924,108173,83963],{},[15,108175,108062],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3924,108178,4805],{}," chosen by index.",[32,108181,167,108183,170],{"id":108182},"what-setpop-does",[15,108184,108062],{},[20,108186,108187,198],{},[15,108188,108062],{},[172,108190,108191,108193,108196,108199],{},[175,108192,103003],{},[175,108194,108195],{},"Returns the removed item",[175,108197,108198],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[175,108200,108201],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108203,96285,108204,507],{},[501,108205,96289],{"href":97460},[32,108207,2343],{"id":2342},[37,108209,108211],{"className":39,"code":108210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108212,108213],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108214,108215,108217,108219,108221],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108216,15833],{"class":52},[46,108218,507],{"class":60},[46,108220,26409],{"class":102},[46,108222,8814],{"class":60},[20,108224,13219],{},[172,108226,108227,108233,108238],{},[175,108228,108229,108230],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108231,108232],{},"my_set.pop()",[175,108234,108235,108236],{},"It takes ",[3924,108237,28856],{},[175,108239,108240],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108242,2393],{},[37,108244,108246],{"className":39,"code":108245,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108247,108248,108280,108294,108298,108308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108249,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270,108272,108274,108276,108278],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108251,13243],{"class":52},[46,108253,57],{"class":56},[46,108255,10660],{"class":60},[46,108257,427],{"class":426},[46,108259,13260],{"class":430},[46,108261,427],{"class":426},[46,108263,68],{"class":60},[46,108265,438],{"class":426},[46,108267,13277],{"class":430},[46,108269,427],{"class":426},[46,108271,68],{"class":60},[46,108273,438],{"class":426},[46,108275,17622],{"class":430},[46,108277,427],{"class":426},[46,108279,1105],{"class":60},[46,108281,108282,108284,108286,108288,108290,108292],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108283,28706],{"class":52},[46,108285,57],{"class":56},[46,108287,13291],{"class":52},[46,108289,507],{"class":60},[46,108291,26409],{"class":102},[46,108293,8814],{"class":60},[46,108295,108296],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,108297,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,108299,108300,108302,108304,108306],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,108301,91],{"class":90},[46,108303,94],{"class":60},[46,108305,23478],{"class":102},[46,108307,215],{"class":60},[46,108309,108310,108312,108314,108316],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,108311,91],{"class":90},[46,108313,94],{"class":60},[46,108315,17669],{"class":102},[46,108317,215],{"class":60},[32,108319,108321],{"id":108320},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108323,108324],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108326,2293],{},[172,108328,108329,108335,108338],{},[175,108330,108331,108332,108334],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108333,12931],{}," removes",[175,108336,108337],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[175,108339,108340,108341,108343],{},"You should not use ",[15,108342,12931],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108345,10630,108346,108348],{},[3924,108347,4805],{}," valid:",[37,108350,108352],{"className":39,"code":108351,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108353,108354,108386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108355,108356,108358,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108357,36408],{"class":52},[46,108359,57],{"class":56},[46,108361,10660],{"class":60},[46,108363,427],{"class":426},[46,108365,756],{"class":430},[46,108367,427],{"class":426},[46,108369,68],{"class":60},[46,108371,438],{"class":426},[46,108373,450],{"class":430},[46,108375,427],{"class":426},[46,108377,68],{"class":60},[46,108379,438],{"class":426},[46,108381,765],{"class":430},[46,108383,427],{"class":426},[46,108385,1105],{"class":60},[46,108387,108388,108390,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108389,36460],{"class":52},[46,108391,507],{"class":60},[46,108393,26409],{"class":102},[46,108395,94],{"class":60},[46,108397,427],{"class":426},[46,108399,756],{"class":430},[46,108401,427],{"class":426},[46,108403,215],{"class":60},[20,108405,39819,108406,108408],{},[15,108407,108062],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108410,108411,108412,3065,108416,507],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[501,108413,108414],{"href":98170},[15,108415,102829],{},[501,108417,108419],{"href":108418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108420,102820],{},[32,108422,108424],{"id":108423},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108426,108427],{},"Here is a simple example:",[37,108429,108431],{"className":39,"code":108430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108432,108433,108467,108471,108487,108491,108510],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108434,108435,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452,108454,108456,108458,108460,108463,108465],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108436,108437],{"class":52},"animals ",[46,108439,57],{"class":56},[46,108441,10660],{"class":60},[46,108443,427],{"class":426},[46,108445,934],{"class":430},[46,108447,427],{"class":426},[46,108449,68],{"class":60},[46,108451,438],{"class":426},[46,108453,58288],{"class":430},[46,108455,427],{"class":426},[46,108457,68],{"class":60},[46,108459,438],{"class":426},[46,108461,108462],{"class":430},"rabbit",[46,108464,427],{"class":426},[46,108466,1105],{"class":60},[46,108468,108469],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108470,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,108472,108473,108476,108478,108481,108483,108485],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,108474,108475],{"class":52},"removed_animal ",[46,108477,57],{"class":56},[46,108479,108480],{"class":52}," animals",[46,108482,507],{"class":60},[46,108484,26409],{"class":102},[46,108486,8814],{"class":60},[46,108488,108489],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,108490,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,108492,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108508],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,108494,91],{"class":90},[46,108496,94],{"class":60},[46,108498,427],{"class":426},[46,108500,29123],{"class":430},[46,108502,427],{"class":426},[46,108504,68],{"class":60},[46,108506,108507],{"class":102}," removed_animal",[46,108509,215],{"class":60},[46,108511,108512,108514,108516,108518,108521,108523,108525,108527],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,108513,91],{"class":90},[46,108515,94],{"class":60},[46,108517,427],{"class":426},[46,108519,108520],{"class":430},"Updated set:",[46,108522,427],{"class":426},[46,108524,68],{"class":60},[46,108526,108480],{"class":102},[46,108528,215],{"class":60},[20,108530,30197],{},[37,108532,108534],{"className":39,"code":108533,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108535,108536,108545],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108537,108538,108540,108542],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108539,29165],{"class":52},[46,108541,198],{"class":60},[46,108543,108544],{"class":52}," dog\n",[46,108546,108547,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564,108566,108568,108570],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108548,108549],{"class":52},"Updated ",[46,108551,6459],{"class":1270},[46,108553,198],{"class":60},[46,108555,10660],{"class":60},[46,108557,1188],{"class":426},[46,108559,934],{"class":430},[46,108561,1188],{"class":426},[46,108563,68],{"class":60},[46,108565,1197],{"class":426},[46,108567,108462],{"class":430},[46,108569,1188],{"class":426},[46,108571,1105],{"class":60},[20,108573,108574],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[32,108576,108578],{"id":108577},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108580,29817,108581,108583,108584,507],{},[15,108582,12931],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108585,19855],{},[20,108587,2393],{},[37,108589,108591],{"className":39,"code":108590,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108592,108593,108603],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108594,108595,108597,108599,108601],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108596,1398],{"class":52},[46,108598,57],{"class":56},[46,108600,15800],{"class":1270},[46,108602,8814],{"class":60},[46,108604,108605,108607,108609,108611],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108606,1415],{"class":52},[46,108608,507],{"class":60},[46,108610,26409],{"class":102},[46,108612,8814],{"class":60},[20,108614,108615],{},"This raises:",[37,108617,108619],{"className":39,"code":108618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108620,108621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108622,108623,108625,108627,108629,108632],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108624,19855],{"class":1270},[46,108626,198],{"class":60},[46,108628,1197],{"class":426},[46,108630,108631],{"class":430},"pop from an empty set",[46,108633,29867],{"class":426},[20,108635,108636,108637,108640],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[501,108638,108639],{"href":11242},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[283,108642,108644,108645],{"id":108643},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108646,12931],{},[20,108648,108649],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[37,108651,108653],{"className":39,"code":108652,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108654,108655,108665,108669,108677,108692,108711,108717],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108656,108657,108659,108661,108663],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108658,1398],{"class":52},[46,108660,57],{"class":56},[46,108662,15800],{"class":1270},[46,108664,8814],{"class":60},[46,108666,108667],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108668,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,108670,108671,108673,108675],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,108672,7170],{"class":1595},[46,108674,6137],{"class":52},[46,108676,6566],{"class":60},[46,108678,108679,108682,108684,108686,108688,108690],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,108680,108681],{"class":52},"    removed ",[46,108683,57],{"class":56},[46,108685,6137],{"class":52},[46,108687,507],{"class":60},[46,108689,26409],{"class":102},[46,108691,8814],{"class":60},[46,108693,108694,108696,108698,108700,108702,108704,108706,108709],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,108695,8240],{"class":90},[46,108697,94],{"class":60},[46,108699,427],{"class":426},[46,108701,29123],{"class":430},[46,108703,427],{"class":426},[46,108705,68],{"class":60},[46,108707,108708],{"class":102}," removed",[46,108710,215],{"class":60},[46,108712,108713,108715],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,108714,27601],{"class":1595},[46,108716,6566],{"class":60},[46,108718,108719,108721,108723,108725,108728,108730],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,108720,8240],{"class":90},[46,108722,94],{"class":60},[46,108724,427],{"class":426},[46,108726,108727],{"class":430},"The set is empty.",[46,108729,427],{"class":426},[46,108731,215],{"class":60},[283,108733,160,108735,2051,108737],{"id":108734},"use-try-and-except",[15,108736,29971],{},[15,108738,30002],{},[20,108740,108741],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[37,108743,108745],{"className":39,"code":108744,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108746,108747,108757,108761,108767,108781,108799,108807],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108748,108749,108751,108753,108755],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108750,1398],{"class":52},[46,108752,57],{"class":56},[46,108754,15800],{"class":1270},[46,108756,8814],{"class":60},[46,108758,108759],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108760,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,108762,108763,108765],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,108764,29971],{"class":1595},[46,108766,6566],{"class":60},[46,108768,108769,108771,108773,108775,108777,108779],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,108770,108681],{"class":52},[46,108772,57],{"class":56},[46,108774,6137],{"class":52},[46,108776,507],{"class":60},[46,108778,26409],{"class":102},[46,108780,8814],{"class":60},[46,108782,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795,108797],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,108784,8240],{"class":90},[46,108786,94],{"class":60},[46,108788,427],{"class":426},[46,108790,29123],{"class":430},[46,108792,427],{"class":426},[46,108794,68],{"class":60},[46,108796,108708],{"class":102},[46,108798,215],{"class":60},[46,108800,108801,108803,108805],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,108802,30002],{"class":1595},[46,108804,30005],{"class":1270},[46,108806,6566],{"class":60},[46,108808,108809,108811,108813,108815,108818,108820],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,108810,8240],{"class":90},[46,108812,94],{"class":60},[46,108814,427],{"class":426},[46,108816,108817],{"class":430},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[46,108819,427],{"class":426},[46,108821,215],{"class":60},[32,108823,1794,108825,10755,108827,10755,108829],{"id":108824},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108826,12931],{},[15,108828,55691],{},[15,108830,102815],{},[20,108832,108833],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[283,108835,160,108837],{"id":108836},"use-pop",[15,108838,12931],{},[20,108840,160,108841,1801],{},[15,108842,12931],{},[172,108844,108845,108851,108854],{},[175,108846,108847,108848],{},"You want to remove ",[3924,108849,108850],{},"any one item",[175,108852,108853],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[175,108855,108856],{},"You want the removed item returned",[37,108858,108860],{"className":39,"code":108859,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108861,108862,108882,108896],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108863,108864,108866,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878,108880],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108865,53],{"class":52},[46,108867,57],{"class":56},[46,108869,10660],{"class":60},[46,108871,3175],{"class":64},[46,108873,68],{"class":60},[46,108875,71],{"class":64},[46,108877,68],{"class":60},[46,108879,312],{"class":64},[46,108881,1105],{"class":60},[46,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890,108892,108894],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108885,2633],{"class":52},[46,108887,57],{"class":56},[46,108889,4437],{"class":52},[46,108891,507],{"class":60},[46,108893,26409],{"class":102},[46,108895,8814],{"class":60},[46,108897,108898,108900,108902,108904],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,108899,91],{"class":90},[46,108901,94],{"class":60},[46,108903,2659],{"class":102},[46,108905,215],{"class":60},[283,108907,160,108909],{"id":108908},"use-remove",[15,108910,55691],{},[20,108912,160,108913,1801],{},[15,108914,55691],{},[172,108916,108917,108923],{},[175,108918,108919,108920],{},"You want to delete a ",[3924,108921,108922],{},"specific item",[175,108924,108925],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[37,108927,108929],{"className":39,"code":108928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108930,108931,108951,108965],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,108932,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945,108947,108949],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,108934,53],{"class":52},[46,108936,57],{"class":56},[46,108938,10660],{"class":60},[46,108940,3175],{"class":64},[46,108942,68],{"class":60},[46,108944,71],{"class":64},[46,108946,68],{"class":60},[46,108948,312],{"class":64},[46,108950,1105],{"class":60},[46,108952,108953,108955,108957,108959,108961,108963],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,108954,103],{"class":52},[46,108956,507],{"class":60},[46,108958,34963],{"class":102},[46,108960,94],{"class":60},[46,108962,2243],{"class":64},[46,108964,215],{"class":60},[46,108966,108967,108969,108971,108973],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,108968,91],{"class":90},[46,108970,94],{"class":60},[46,108972,103],{"class":102},[46,108974,215],{"class":60},[20,108976,108977,108978,108980,108981,108985],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108979,55691],{}," raises an error. See the ",[501,108982,108983,10910],{"href":98170},[15,108984,102829],{}," for details.",[283,108987,160,108989],{"id":108988},"use-discard",[15,108990,102815],{},[20,108992,160,108993,1801],{},[15,108994,102815],{},[172,108996,108997,109001],{},[175,108998,108919,108999],{},[3924,109000,108922],{},[175,109002,109003,109004,109006],{},"You do ",[3924,109005,4805],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[37,109008,109010],{"className":39,"code":109009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109011,109012,109032,109046],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109013,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024,109026,109028,109030],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109015,53],{"class":52},[46,109017,57],{"class":56},[46,109019,10660],{"class":60},[46,109021,3175],{"class":64},[46,109023,68],{"class":60},[46,109025,71],{"class":64},[46,109027,68],{"class":60},[46,109029,312],{"class":64},[46,109031,1105],{"class":60},[46,109033,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042,109044],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109035,103],{"class":52},[46,109037,507],{"class":60},[46,109039,102882],{"class":102},[46,109041,94],{"class":60},[46,109043,65],{"class":64},[46,109045,215],{"class":60},[46,109047,109048,109050,109052,109054],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,109049,91],{"class":90},[46,109051,94],{"class":60},[46,109053,103],{"class":102},[46,109055,215],{"class":60},[20,109057,109058,109059,109061,109062,109066],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109060,65],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[501,109063,109064,10910],{"href":108418},[15,109065,102820],{}," for more examples.",[32,109068,1834],{"id":1833},[20,109070,71639,109071,198],{},[15,109072,108062],{},[172,109074,109075,109081,109086,109091],{},[175,109076,109077,109078],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109079,109080],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[175,109082,1853,109083,109085],{},[15,109084,12931],{}," to remove the first or last item",[175,109087,29817,109088,109090],{},[15,109089,12931],{}," on an empty set",[175,109092,578,109093,109095],{},[15,109094,12931],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109097,62455],{},[37,109099,109101],{"className":39,"code":109100,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109102,109103,109113,109127,109141],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109104,109105,109107,109109,109111],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109106,91],{"class":90},[46,109108,94],{"class":60},[46,109110,15833],{"class":102},[46,109112,215],{"class":60},[46,109114,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123,109125],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109116,91],{"class":90},[46,109118,94],{"class":60},[46,109120,476],{"class":90},[46,109122,94],{"class":60},[46,109124,15833],{"class":102},[46,109126,106],{"class":60},[46,109128,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137,109139],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,109130,91],{"class":90},[46,109132,94],{"class":60},[46,109134,1889],{"class":1270},[46,109136,94],{"class":60},[46,109138,15833],{"class":102},[46,109140,106],{"class":60},[46,109142,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,109144,28706],{"class":52},[46,109146,57],{"class":56},[46,109148,96885],{"class":52},[46,109150,507],{"class":60},[46,109152,26409],{"class":102},[46,109154,8814],{"class":60},[20,109156,26176],{},[172,109158,109159,109162,109165,109168],{},[175,109160,109161],{},"What values are in the set",[175,109163,109164],{},"Whether the set is empty",[175,109166,109167],{},"That the object is really a set",[175,109169,109170],{},"What value was actually removed",[32,109172,1991],{"id":1990},[283,109174,12872,109176,109178],{"id":109175},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109177,108062],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109180,109181,109182,109184],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109183,12931],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[283,109186,109188,109189,2035],{"id":109187},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109190,108062],{},[20,109192,109193,109194,109196,109197,109199],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109195,12931],{},", set ",[15,109198,12931],{}," does not accept an index.",[283,109201,109203],{"id":109202},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109205,71806,109206,44794,109208,109210],{},[15,109207,19855],{},[15,109209,12931],{}," is called on an empty set.",[283,109212,109214],{"id":109213},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109216,160,109217,3065,109219,11260,109221,507],{},[15,109218,55691],{},[15,109220,102815],{},[15,109222,12931],{},[32,109224,2065],{"id":2064},[172,109226,109227,109231,109237,109243,109247],{},[175,109228,109229],{},[501,109230,96289],{"href":97460},[175,109232,109233],{},[501,109234,96775,109235,10910],{"href":98170},[15,109236,55691],{},[175,109238,109239],{},[501,109240,96775,109241,10910],{"href":108418},[15,109242,102815],{},[175,109244,109245],{},[501,109246,11430],{"href":11242},[175,109248,109249],{},[501,109250,55677],{"href":55229},[2103,109252,109253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":109255},[109256,109257,109259,109260,109261,109262,109268,109277,109278,109286],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":108182,"depth":87,"text":109258},"What set.pop() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":108320,"depth":87,"text":108321},{"id":108423,"depth":87,"text":108424},{"id":108577,"depth":87,"text":108578,"children":109263},[109264,109266],{"id":108643,"depth":109,"text":109265},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108734,"depth":109,"text":109267},"Use try and except",{"id":108824,"depth":87,"text":109269,"children":109270},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109271,109273,109275],{"id":108836,"depth":109,"text":109272},"Use pop()",{"id":108908,"depth":109,"text":109274},"Use remove()",{"id":108988,"depth":109,"text":109276},"Use discard()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":109279},[109280,109282,109284,109285],{"id":109175,"depth":109,"text":109281},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109187,"depth":109,"text":109283},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109202,"depth":109,"text":109203},{"id":109213,"depth":109,"text":109214},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108050,"description":109287},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109294,"title":109295,"body":109296,"description":110450,"extension":2150,"meta":110451,"navigation":112,"path":110452,"seo":110453,"stem":110454,"__hash__":110455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109297,"toc":110418},[109298,109303,109308,109317,109319,109384,109388,109412,109419,109424,109428,109443,109446,109448,109467,109481,109484,109532,109536,109552,109554,109627,109631,109656,109662,109670,109674,109681,109736,109741,109758,109764,109770,109775,109783,109790,109794,109802,109857,109859,109876,109880,109887,109952,109956,109989,109991,110003,110010,110012,110017,110024,110026,110095,110099,110107,110109,110173,110177,110182,110229,110234,110302,110310,110317,110320,110326,110331,110335,110337,110340,110342,110347,110352,110358,110363,110370,110378,110384,110387,110389,110415],[10,109299,96161,109301,11490],{"id":109300},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109302,55691],{},[20,109304,109305,109307],{},[15,109306,102829],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109309,109310,109311,109314,109315,507],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3924,109312,109313],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109316,19855],{},[32,109318,35],{"id":34},[37,109320,109322],{"className":39,"code":109321,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109323,109324,109356,109374],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109325,109326,109328,109330,109332,109334,109336,109338,109340,109342,109344,109346,109348,109350,109352,109354],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109327,13243],{"class":52},[46,109329,57],{"class":56},[46,109331,10660],{"class":60},[46,109333,427],{"class":426},[46,109335,13260],{"class":430},[46,109337,427],{"class":426},[46,109339,68],{"class":60},[46,109341,438],{"class":426},[46,109343,13277],{"class":430},[46,109345,427],{"class":426},[46,109347,68],{"class":60},[46,109349,438],{"class":426},[46,109351,17622],{"class":430},[46,109353,427],{"class":426},[46,109355,1105],{"class":60},[46,109357,109358,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109359,17669],{"class":52},[46,109361,507],{"class":60},[46,109363,34963],{"class":102},[46,109365,94],{"class":60},[46,109367,427],{"class":426},[46,109369,13277],{"class":430},[46,109371,427],{"class":426},[46,109373,215],{"class":60},[46,109375,109376,109378,109380,109382],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,109377,91],{"class":90},[46,109379,94],{"class":60},[46,109381,17669],{"class":102},[46,109383,215],{"class":60},[20,109385,109386],{},[3924,109387,30197],{},[37,109389,109390],{"className":39,"code":103509,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,109391,109392],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109393,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109395,1185],{"class":60},[46,109397,1188],{"class":426},[46,109399,13260],{"class":430},[46,109401,1188],{"class":426},[46,109403,68],{"class":60},[46,109405,1197],{"class":426},[46,109407,17622],{"class":430},[46,109409,1188],{"class":426},[46,109411,1105],{"class":60},[20,109413,160,109414,109416,109417,507],{},[15,109415,55691],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109418,19855],{},[32,109420,167,109422,170],{"id":109421},"what-setremove-does",[15,109423,102829],{},[20,109425,109426,198],{},[15,109427,102829],{},[172,109429,109430,109433,109435,109437],{},[175,109431,109432],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[175,109434,96276],{},[175,109436,96279],{},[175,109438,109439,109440,109442],{},"Raises ",[15,109441,19855],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109444,109445],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[32,109447,2343],{"id":2342},[37,109449,109451],{"className":39,"code":109450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109452,109453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109454,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109456,15833],{"class":52},[46,109458,507],{"class":60},[46,109460,34963],{"class":102},[46,109462,94],{"class":60},[46,109464,2659],{"class":102},[46,109466,215],{"class":60},[172,109468,109469,109473,109478],{},[175,109470,109471,103051],{},[15,109472,15833],{},[175,109474,109475,109477],{},[15,109476,2659],{}," is the item to remove",[175,109479,109480],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109482,109483],{},"Here is a small example:",[37,109485,109486],{"className":39,"code":108928,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,109487,109488,109508,109522],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109489,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109491,53],{"class":52},[46,109493,57],{"class":56},[46,109495,10660],{"class":60},[46,109497,3175],{"class":64},[46,109499,68],{"class":60},[46,109501,71],{"class":64},[46,109503,68],{"class":60},[46,109505,312],{"class":64},[46,109507,1105],{"class":60},[46,109509,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109511,103],{"class":52},[46,109513,507],{"class":60},[46,109515,34963],{"class":102},[46,109517,94],{"class":60},[46,109519,2243],{"class":64},[46,109521,215],{"class":60},[46,109523,109524,109526,109528,109530],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,109525,91],{"class":90},[46,109527,94],{"class":60},[46,109529,103],{"class":102},[46,109531,215],{"class":60},[20,109533,109534],{},[3924,109535,30197],{},[37,109537,109538],{"className":39,"code":101259,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,109539,109540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109541,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109543,1185],{"class":60},[46,109545,3175],{"class":64},[46,109547,68],{"class":60},[46,109549,312],{"class":64},[46,109551,1105],{"class":60},[32,109553,11643],{"id":11642},[37,109555,109557],{"className":39,"code":109556,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109558,109559,109591,109595,109613,109617],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109560,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587,109589],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109562,36408],{"class":52},[46,109564,57],{"class":56},[46,109566,10660],{"class":60},[46,109568,427],{"class":426},[46,109570,756],{"class":430},[46,109572,427],{"class":426},[46,109574,68],{"class":60},[46,109576,438],{"class":426},[46,109578,450],{"class":430},[46,109580,427],{"class":426},[46,109582,68],{"class":60},[46,109584,438],{"class":426},[46,109586,33389],{"class":430},[46,109588,427],{"class":426},[46,109590,1105],{"class":60},[46,109592,109593],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109594,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,109596,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,109598,36460],{"class":52},[46,109600,507],{"class":60},[46,109602,34963],{"class":102},[46,109604,94],{"class":60},[46,109606,427],{"class":426},[46,109608,450],{"class":430},[46,109610,427],{"class":426},[46,109612,215],{"class":60},[46,109614,109615],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,109616,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,109618,109619,109621,109623,109625],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,109620,91],{"class":90},[46,109622,94],{"class":60},[46,109624,36460],{"class":102},[46,109626,215],{"class":60},[20,109628,109629],{},[3924,109630,30197],{},[37,109632,109634],{"className":39,"code":109633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109635,109636],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109637,109638,109640,109642,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109654],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109639,1185],{"class":60},[46,109641,1188],{"class":426},[46,109643,756],{"class":430},[46,109645,1188],{"class":426},[46,109647,68],{"class":60},[46,109649,1197],{"class":426},[46,109651,33389],{"class":430},[46,109653,1188],{"class":426},[46,109655,1105],{"class":60},[20,109657,109658,109659,109661],{},"This removes ",[15,109660,65435],{}," from the set.",[20,109663,109664,109665,109667,109668,507],{},"A set does ",[3924,109666,4805],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[501,109669,96293],{"href":97844},[32,109671,109673],{"id":109672},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109675,109676,109677,2020,109679,507],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109678,55691],{},[15,109680,19855],{},[37,109682,109684],{"className":39,"code":109683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109685,109686,109718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109687,109688,109690,109692,109694,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714,109716],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109689,13243],{"class":52},[46,109691,57],{"class":56},[46,109693,10660],{"class":60},[46,109695,427],{"class":426},[46,109697,13260],{"class":430},[46,109699,427],{"class":426},[46,109701,68],{"class":60},[46,109703,438],{"class":426},[46,109705,13277],{"class":430},[46,109707,427],{"class":426},[46,109709,68],{"class":60},[46,109711,438],{"class":426},[46,109713,17622],{"class":430},[46,109715,427],{"class":426},[46,109717,1105],{"class":60},[46,109719,109720,109722,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109721,17669],{"class":52},[46,109723,507],{"class":60},[46,109725,34963],{"class":102},[46,109727,94],{"class":60},[46,109729,427],{"class":426},[46,109731,22691],{"class":430},[46,109733,427],{"class":426},[46,109735,215],{"class":60},[20,109737,109738],{},[3924,109739,109740],{},"Result:",[37,109742,109744],{"className":39,"code":109743,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109745,109746],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109747,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109749,19855],{"class":1270},[46,109751,198],{"class":60},[46,109753,1197],{"class":426},[46,109755,22691],{"class":430},[46,109757,29867],{"class":426},[20,109759,22356,109760,109763],{},[15,109761,109762],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109765,109766,109767,109769],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109768,55691],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109771,109772,109773,507],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[501,109774,11430],{"href":11242},[32,109776,4372,109778,109780,109781],{"id":109777},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109779,55691],{}," is different from ",[15,109782,102815],{},[20,109784,109785,2051,109787,109789],{},[15,109786,55691],{},[15,109788,102815],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[283,109791,109792],{"id":34963},[15,109793,55691],{},[172,109795,109796,109799],{},[175,109797,109798],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[175,109800,109801],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[37,109803,109805],{"className":39,"code":109804,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109806,109807,109839],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109808,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109810,36259],{"class":52},[46,109812,57],{"class":56},[46,109814,10660],{"class":60},[46,109816,427],{"class":426},[46,109818,501],{"class":430},[46,109820,427],{"class":426},[46,109822,68],{"class":60},[46,109824,438],{"class":426},[46,109826,4935],{"class":430},[46,109828,427],{"class":426},[46,109830,68],{"class":60},[46,109832,438],{"class":426},[46,109834,9908],{"class":430},[46,109836,427],{"class":426},[46,109838,1105],{"class":60},[46,109840,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109842,36312],{"class":52},[46,109844,507],{"class":60},[46,109846,34963],{"class":102},[46,109848,94],{"class":60},[46,109850,427],{"class":426},[46,109852,18935],{"class":430},[46,109854,427],{"class":426},[46,109856,215],{"class":60},[20,109858,108615],{},[37,109860,109862],{"className":39,"code":109861,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109863,109864],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109865,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109867,19855],{"class":1270},[46,109869,198],{"class":60},[46,109871,1197],{"class":426},[46,109873,18935],{"class":430},[46,109875,29867],{"class":426},[283,109877,109878],{"id":102882},[15,109879,102815],{},[172,109881,109882,109884],{},[175,109883,109798],{},[175,109885,109886],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[37,109888,109890],{"className":39,"code":109889,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109891,109892,109924,109942],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109893,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912,109914,109916,109918,109920,109922],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109895,36259],{"class":52},[46,109897,57],{"class":56},[46,109899,10660],{"class":60},[46,109901,427],{"class":426},[46,109903,501],{"class":430},[46,109905,427],{"class":426},[46,109907,68],{"class":60},[46,109909,438],{"class":426},[46,109911,4935],{"class":430},[46,109913,427],{"class":426},[46,109915,68],{"class":60},[46,109917,438],{"class":426},[46,109919,9908],{"class":430},[46,109921,427],{"class":426},[46,109923,1105],{"class":60},[46,109925,109926,109928,109930,109932,109934,109936,109938,109940],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,109927,36312],{"class":52},[46,109929,507],{"class":60},[46,109931,102882],{"class":102},[46,109933,94],{"class":60},[46,109935,427],{"class":426},[46,109937,18935],{"class":430},[46,109939,427],{"class":426},[46,109941,215],{"class":60},[46,109943,109944,109946,109948,109950],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,109945,91],{"class":90},[46,109947,94],{"class":60},[46,109949,36312],{"class":102},[46,109951,215],{"class":60},[20,109953,109954],{},[3924,109955,143],{},[37,109957,109959],{"className":39,"code":109958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109960,109961],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,109962,109963,109965,109967,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,109964,1185],{"class":60},[46,109966,1188],{"class":426},[46,109968,501],{"class":430},[46,109970,1188],{"class":426},[46,109972,68],{"class":60},[46,109974,1197],{"class":426},[46,109976,4935],{"class":430},[46,109978,1188],{"class":426},[46,109980,68],{"class":60},[46,109982,1197],{"class":426},[46,109984,9908],{"class":430},[46,109986,1188],{"class":426},[46,109988,1105],{"class":60},[20,109990,18862],{},[172,109992,109993,109998],{},[175,109994,109995,109997],{},[15,109996,55691],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[175,109999,110000,110002],{},[15,110001,102815],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110004,110005,110006,507],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[501,110007,96775,110008,10910],{"href":108418},[15,110009,102815],{},[32,110011,4693],{"id":4692},[283,110013,1853,110015,97155],{"id":110014},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110016,55691],{},[20,110018,110019,110021,110022,507],{},[15,110020,55691],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110023,1326],{},[20,110025,16809],{},[37,110027,110029],{"className":39,"code":110028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110030,110031,110063,110085],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110032,110033,110035,110037,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047,110049,110051,110053,110055,110057,110059,110061],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110034,13243],{"class":52},[46,110036,57],{"class":56},[46,110038,10660],{"class":60},[46,110040,427],{"class":426},[46,110042,13260],{"class":430},[46,110044,427],{"class":426},[46,110046,68],{"class":60},[46,110048,438],{"class":426},[46,110050,13277],{"class":430},[46,110052,427],{"class":426},[46,110054,68],{"class":60},[46,110056,438],{"class":426},[46,110058,17622],{"class":430},[46,110060,427],{"class":426},[46,110062,1105],{"class":60},[46,110064,110065,110067,110069,110071,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,110066,13286],{"class":52},[46,110068,57],{"class":56},[46,110070,13291],{"class":52},[46,110072,507],{"class":60},[46,110074,34963],{"class":102},[46,110076,94],{"class":60},[46,110078,427],{"class":426},[46,110080,13277],{"class":430},[46,110082,427],{"class":426},[46,110084,215],{"class":60},[46,110086,110087,110089,110091,110093],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,110088,91],{"class":90},[46,110090,94],{"class":60},[46,110092,13310],{"class":102},[46,110094,215],{"class":60},[20,110096,110097],{},[3924,110098,143],{},[37,110100,110101],{"className":39,"code":1333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,110102,110103],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110104,110105],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110106,1333],{"class":1325},[20,110108,16821],{},[37,110110,110111],{"className":39,"code":109321,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,110112,110113,110145,110163],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110114,110115,110117,110119,110121,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110116,13243],{"class":52},[46,110118,57],{"class":56},[46,110120,10660],{"class":60},[46,110122,427],{"class":426},[46,110124,13260],{"class":430},[46,110126,427],{"class":426},[46,110128,68],{"class":60},[46,110130,438],{"class":426},[46,110132,13277],{"class":430},[46,110134,427],{"class":426},[46,110136,68],{"class":60},[46,110138,438],{"class":426},[46,110140,17622],{"class":430},[46,110142,427],{"class":426},[46,110144,1105],{"class":60},[46,110146,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,110148,17669],{"class":52},[46,110150,507],{"class":60},[46,110152,34963],{"class":102},[46,110154,94],{"class":60},[46,110156,427],{"class":426},[46,110158,13277],{"class":430},[46,110160,427],{"class":426},[46,110162,215],{"class":60},[46,110164,110165,110167,110169,110171],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,110166,91],{"class":90},[46,110168,94],{"class":60},[46,110170,17669],{"class":102},[46,110172,215],{"class":60},[283,110174,110176],{"id":110175},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110178,110179,110180,507],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110181,19855],{},[37,110183,110185],{"className":39,"code":110184,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110186,110187,110211],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110188,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110190,13243],{"class":52},[46,110192,57],{"class":56},[46,110194,10660],{"class":60},[46,110196,427],{"class":426},[46,110198,13260],{"class":430},[46,110200,427],{"class":426},[46,110202,68],{"class":60},[46,110204,438],{"class":426},[46,110206,13277],{"class":430},[46,110208,427],{"class":426},[46,110210,1105],{"class":60},[46,110212,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,110214,17669],{"class":52},[46,110216,507],{"class":60},[46,110218,34963],{"class":102},[46,110220,94],{"class":60},[46,110222,427],{"class":426},[46,110224,17622],{"class":430},[46,110226,427],{"class":426},[46,110228,215],{"class":60},[20,110230,110231,110232,198],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110233,1602],{},[37,110235,110237],{"className":39,"code":110236,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110238,110239,110263,110267,110283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110240,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259,110261],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110242,13243],{"class":52},[46,110244,57],{"class":56},[46,110246,10660],{"class":60},[46,110248,427],{"class":426},[46,110250,13260],{"class":430},[46,110252,427],{"class":426},[46,110254,68],{"class":60},[46,110256,438],{"class":426},[46,110258,13277],{"class":430},[46,110260,427],{"class":426},[46,110262,1105],{"class":60},[46,110264,110265],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,110266,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,110268,110269,110271,110273,110275,110277,110279,110281],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,110270,7170],{"class":1595},[46,110272,438],{"class":426},[46,110274,17622],{"class":430},[46,110276,427],{"class":426},[46,110278,21341],{"class":56},[46,110280,13291],{"class":52},[46,110282,6566],{"class":60},[46,110284,110285,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,110286,110287],{"class":52},"    colors",[46,110289,507],{"class":60},[46,110291,34963],{"class":102},[46,110293,94],{"class":60},[46,110295,427],{"class":426},[46,110297,17622],{"class":430},[46,110299,427],{"class":426},[46,110301,215],{"class":60},[20,110303,110304,110305,110309],{},"Or use ",[501,110306,110307],{"href":108418},[15,110308,102815],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[283,110311,37372,110313,8876,110315],{"id":110312},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110314,102829],{},[15,110316,55237],{},[20,110318,110319],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110321,110322,110323,110325],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110324,102829],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110327,110328,110329,507],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[501,110330,99039],{"href":99038},[283,110332,110334],{"id":110333},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110336,108324],{},[20,110338,110339],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[32,110341,1991],{"id":1990},[283,110343,12872,110345,97254],{"id":110344},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110346,102829],{},[20,110348,110349,110350,507],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110351,1326],{},[283,110353,30455,110355,110357],{"id":110354},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110356,102829],{}," raise?",[20,110359,30461,110360,110362],{},[15,110361,19855],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[283,110364,21588,110366,3065,110368,2035],{"id":110365},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110367,55691],{},[15,110369,102815],{},[20,110371,160,110372,110374,110375,110377],{},[15,110373,55691],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110376,102815],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[283,110379,2005,110381,110383],{"id":110380},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110382,102829],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110385,110386],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[32,110388,2065],{"id":2064},[172,110390,110391,110397,110403,110407,110411],{},[175,110392,110393],{},[501,110394,96775,110395,10910],{"href":108418},[15,110396,102815],{},[175,110398,110399],{},[501,110400,96775,110401,10910],{"href":98175},[15,110402,12931],{},[175,110404,110405],{},[501,110406,97299],{"href":97844},[175,110408,110409],{},[501,110410,100305],{"href":99038},[175,110412,110413],{},[501,110414,11430],{"href":11242},[2103,110416,110417],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":110419},[110420,110421,110423,110424,110425,110426,110431,110439,110449],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":109421,"depth":87,"text":110422},"What set.remove() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":109672,"depth":87,"text":109673},{"id":109777,"depth":87,"text":110427,"children":110428},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110429,110430],{"id":34963,"depth":109,"text":55691},{"id":102882,"depth":109,"text":102815},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":110432},[110433,110435,110436,110438],{"id":110014,"depth":109,"text":110434},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110175,"depth":109,"text":110176},{"id":110312,"depth":109,"text":110437},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110333,"depth":109,"text":110334},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":110440},[110441,110443,110445,110447],{"id":110344,"depth":109,"text":110442},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110354,"depth":109,"text":110444},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110365,"depth":109,"text":110446},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110380,"depth":109,"text":110448},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109295,"description":110450},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110457,"title":110458,"body":110459,"description":111832,"extension":2150,"meta":111833,"navigation":112,"path":111834,"seo":111835,"stem":111836,"__hash__":111837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110460,"toc":111807},[110461,110467,110473,110476,110479,110493,110495,110576,110579,110584,110588,110602,110609,110611,110630,110633,110651,110653,110733,110735,110760,110764,110767,110775,110780,110785,110787,110800,110805,110808,110832,110835,110843,110845,110848,110945,110947,110980,110982,111008,111015,111018,111022,111030,111034,111042,111044,111134,111136,111150,111157,111162,111167,111169,111260,111262,111274,111276,111290,111296,111304,111306,111388,111390,111435,111438,111446,111449,111451,111455,111498,111500,111520,111525,111527,111612,111614,111619,111621,111628,111636,111642,111645,111647,111733,111735,111759,111763,111766,111768,111795,111805],[10,110462,96161,110464,11490],{"id":110463},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110465,110466],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110468,110469,110472],{},[15,110470,110471],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110474,110475],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110477,110478],{},"Use it when:",[172,110480,110481,110484,110490],{},[175,110482,110483],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[175,110485,110486,110487,110489],{},"you do ",[3924,110488,4805],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[175,110491,110492],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[32,110494,3792],{"id":3791},[37,110496,110498],{"className":39,"code":110497,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110499,110500,110520,110540,110544,110563],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110501,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110503,2741],{"class":52},[46,110505,57],{"class":56},[46,110507,10660],{"class":60},[46,110509,3175],{"class":64},[46,110511,68],{"class":60},[46,110513,71],{"class":64},[46,110515,68],{"class":60},[46,110517,312],{"class":64},[46,110519,1105],{"class":60},[46,110521,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,110523,2769],{"class":52},[46,110525,57],{"class":56},[46,110527,10660],{"class":60},[46,110529,2249],{"class":64},[46,110531,68],{"class":60},[46,110533,2643],{"class":64},[46,110535,68],{"class":60},[46,110537,1508],{"class":64},[46,110539,1105],{"class":60},[46,110541,110542],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,110543,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,110545,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110557,110559,110561],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,110547,2416],{"class":52},[46,110549,57],{"class":56},[46,110551,57049],{"class":52},[46,110553,507],{"class":60},[46,110555,110556],{"class":102},"symmetric_difference",[46,110558,94],{"class":60},[46,110560,4935],{"class":102},[46,110562,215],{"class":60},[46,110564,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,110566,91],{"class":90},[46,110568,94],{"class":60},[46,110570,2451],{"class":102},[46,110572,1592],{"class":60},[46,110574,110575],{"class":3845},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110577,110578],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[32,110580,167,110582,170],{"id":110581},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110583,110466],{},[20,110585,110586,198],{},[15,110587,110471],{},[172,110589,110590,110593,110596,110599],{},[175,110591,110592],{},"returns a new set",[175,110594,110595],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[175,110597,110598],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[175,110600,110601],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110603,96285,110604,3065,110606,507],{},[501,110605,96289],{"href":96288},[501,110607,110608],{"href":96292},"creating a set in Python",[32,110610,2343],{"id":2342},[37,110612,110614],{"className":39,"code":110613,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110615,110616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110617,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110619,100546],{"class":52},[46,110621,507],{"class":60},[46,110623,110556],{"class":102},[46,110625,94],{"class":60},[46,110627,100555],{"class":102},[46,110629,215],{"class":60},[20,110631,110632],{},"Notes:",[172,110634,110635,110640,110645,110648],{},[175,110636,110637,110639],{},[15,110638,100546],{}," must be a set",[175,110641,110642,110644],{},[15,110643,100555],{}," can be any iterable",[175,110646,110647],{},"the result is always a set",[175,110649,110650],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110652,2393],{},[37,110654,110656],{"className":39,"code":110655,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110657,110658,110679,110700,110704,110723],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110659,110660,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675,110677],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110661,110662],{"class":52},"set1 ",[46,110664,57],{"class":56},[46,110666,10660],{"class":60},[46,110668,3175],{"class":64},[46,110670,68],{"class":60},[46,110672,71],{"class":64},[46,110674,68],{"class":60},[46,110676,312],{"class":64},[46,110678,1105],{"class":60},[46,110680,110681,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,110682,110683],{"class":52},"set2 ",[46,110685,57],{"class":56},[46,110687,10660],{"class":60},[46,110689,2249],{"class":64},[46,110691,68],{"class":60},[46,110693,2643],{"class":64},[46,110695,68],{"class":60},[46,110697,1508],{"class":64},[46,110699,1105],{"class":60},[46,110701,110702],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,110703,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,110705,110706,110708,110710,110713,110715,110717,110719,110721],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,110707,2416],{"class":52},[46,110709,57],{"class":56},[46,110711,110712],{"class":52}," set1",[46,110714,507],{"class":60},[46,110716,110556],{"class":102},[46,110718,94],{"class":60},[46,110720,100555],{"class":102},[46,110722,215],{"class":60},[46,110724,110725,110727,110729,110731],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,110726,91],{"class":90},[46,110728,94],{"class":60},[46,110730,2451],{"class":102},[46,110732,215],{"class":60},[20,110734,143],{},[37,110736,110738],{"className":39,"code":110737,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110739,110740],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110741,110742,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110743,1185],{"class":60},[46,110745,3175],{"class":64},[46,110747,68],{"class":60},[46,110749,71],{"class":64},[46,110751,68],{"class":60},[46,110753,2643],{"class":64},[46,110755,68],{"class":60},[46,110757,1508],{"class":64},[46,110759,1105],{"class":60},[32,110761,110763],{"id":110762},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110765,110766],{},"The result includes:",[172,110768,110769,110772],{},[175,110770,110771],{},"items only in the first set",[175,110773,110774],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110776,110777,110778,11251],{},"The result does ",[3924,110779,4805],{},[172,110781,110782],{},[175,110783,110784],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110786,5644],{},[172,110788,110789,110794],{},[175,110790,110791,110792],{},"first set: ",[15,110793,100243],{},[175,110795,110796,110797],{},"second set: ",[15,110798,110799],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110801,4227,110802,110804],{},[15,110803,2249],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110806,110807],{},"The output is:",[37,110809,110810],{"className":39,"code":110737,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,110811,110812],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110813,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822,110824,110826,110828,110830],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110815,1185],{"class":60},[46,110817,3175],{"class":64},[46,110819,68],{"class":60},[46,110821,71],{"class":64},[46,110823,68],{"class":60},[46,110825,2643],{"class":64},[46,110827,68],{"class":60},[46,110829,1508],{"class":64},[46,110831,1105],{"class":60},[20,110833,110834],{},"Also remember:",[172,110836,110837,110840],{},[175,110838,110839],{},"sets are unordered",[175,110841,110842],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[32,110844,11643],{"id":11642},[20,110846,110847],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[37,110849,110851],{"className":39,"code":110850,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110852,110853,110885,110909,110913,110931,110935],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110854,110855,110857,110859,110861,110863,110865,110867,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110856,106986],{"class":52},[46,110858,57],{"class":56},[46,110860,10660],{"class":60},[46,110862,427],{"class":426},[46,110864,13260],{"class":430},[46,110866,427],{"class":426},[46,110868,68],{"class":60},[46,110870,438],{"class":426},[46,110872,13277],{"class":430},[46,110874,427],{"class":426},[46,110876,68],{"class":60},[46,110878,438],{"class":426},[46,110880,17622],{"class":430},[46,110882,427],{"class":426},[46,110884,1105],{"class":60},[46,110886,110887,110889,110891,110893,110895,110897,110899,110901,110903,110905,110907],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,110888,107019],{"class":52},[46,110890,57],{"class":56},[46,110892,10660],{"class":60},[46,110894,427],{"class":426},[46,110896,17622],{"class":430},[46,110898,427],{"class":426},[46,110900,68],{"class":60},[46,110902,438],{"class":426},[46,110904,22691],{"class":430},[46,110906,427],{"class":426},[46,110908,1105],{"class":60},[46,110910,110911],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,110912,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,110914,110915,110917,110919,110921,110923,110925,110927,110929],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,110916,2416],{"class":52},[46,110918,57],{"class":56},[46,110920,107061],{"class":52},[46,110922,507],{"class":60},[46,110924,110556],{"class":102},[46,110926,94],{"class":60},[46,110928,107070],{"class":102},[46,110930,215],{"class":60},[46,110932,110933],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,110934,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,110936,110937,110939,110941,110943],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,110938,91],{"class":90},[46,110940,94],{"class":60},[46,110942,2451],{"class":102},[46,110944,215],{"class":60},[20,110946,143],{},[37,110948,110950],{"className":39,"code":110949,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110951,110952],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,110953,110954,110956,110958,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,110955,1185],{"class":60},[46,110957,1188],{"class":426},[46,110959,13260],{"class":430},[46,110961,1188],{"class":426},[46,110963,68],{"class":60},[46,110965,1197],{"class":426},[46,110967,13277],{"class":430},[46,110969,1188],{"class":426},[46,110971,68],{"class":60},[46,110973,1197],{"class":426},[46,110975,22691],{"class":430},[46,110977,1188],{"class":426},[46,110979,1105],{"class":60},[20,110981,13577],{},[172,110983,110984,110989,111000],{},[175,110985,110986,110988],{},[15,110987,96454],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[175,110990,110991,2051,110993,110996,110997,110999],{},[15,110992,65553],{},[15,110994,110995],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110998,107123],{},", so they stay",[175,111001,111002,111004,111005,111007],{},[15,111003,109762],{}," is only in ",[15,111006,107070],{},", so it stays",[32,111009,111011,10755,111013],{"id":111010},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111012,110466],{},[15,111014,100375],{},[20,111016,111017],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111019,111020,198],{},[15,111021,100375],{},[172,111023,111024,111027],{},[175,111025,111026],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[175,111028,111029],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111031,111032,198],{},[15,111033,110466],{},[172,111035,111036,111039],{},[175,111037,111038],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[175,111040,111041],{},"removes shared items",[20,111043,2393],{},[37,111045,111047],{"className":39,"code":111046,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111048,111049,111069,111089,111093,111114],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111050,111051,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063,111065,111067],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111052,2741],{"class":52},[46,111054,57],{"class":56},[46,111056,10660],{"class":60},[46,111058,3175],{"class":64},[46,111060,68],{"class":60},[46,111062,71],{"class":64},[46,111064,68],{"class":60},[46,111066,312],{"class":64},[46,111068,1105],{"class":60},[46,111070,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,111072,2769],{"class":52},[46,111074,57],{"class":56},[46,111076,10660],{"class":60},[46,111078,2249],{"class":64},[46,111080,68],{"class":60},[46,111082,2643],{"class":64},[46,111084,68],{"class":60},[46,111086,1508],{"class":64},[46,111088,1105],{"class":60},[46,111090,111091],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,111092,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,111094,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107,111109,111111],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,111096,91],{"class":90},[46,111098,94],{"class":60},[46,111100,501],{"class":102},[46,111102,507],{"class":60},[46,111104,2999],{"class":102},[46,111106,94],{"class":60},[46,111108,4935],{"class":102},[46,111110,5533],{"class":60},[46,111112,111113],{"class":3845},"            # {1, 2}\n",[46,111115,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,111117,91],{"class":90},[46,111119,94],{"class":60},[46,111121,501],{"class":102},[46,111123,507],{"class":60},[46,111125,110556],{"class":102},[46,111127,94],{"class":60},[46,111129,4935],{"class":102},[46,111131,5533],{"class":60},[46,111133,110575],{"class":3845},[20,111135,18862],{},[172,111137,111138,111145],{},[175,111139,111140,111144],{},[501,111141,111142],{"href":102801},[15,111143,100375],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[175,111146,111147,111149],{},[15,111148,110466],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[32,111151,111153,10755,111155],{"id":111152},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111154,110466],{},[15,111156,102760],{},[20,111158,111159,111161],{},[15,111160,102760],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111163,111164,111166],{},[15,111165,110466],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111168,2393],{},[37,111170,111172],{"className":39,"code":111171,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111173,111174,111194,111214,111218,111240],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111175,111176,111178,111180,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111177,2741],{"class":52},[46,111179,57],{"class":56},[46,111181,10660],{"class":60},[46,111183,3175],{"class":64},[46,111185,68],{"class":60},[46,111187,71],{"class":64},[46,111189,68],{"class":60},[46,111191,312],{"class":64},[46,111193,1105],{"class":60},[46,111195,111196,111198,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,111197,2769],{"class":52},[46,111199,57],{"class":56},[46,111201,10660],{"class":60},[46,111203,2249],{"class":64},[46,111205,68],{"class":60},[46,111207,2643],{"class":64},[46,111209,68],{"class":60},[46,111211,1508],{"class":64},[46,111213,1105],{"class":60},[46,111215,111216],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,111217,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,111219,111220,111222,111224,111226,111228,111231,111233,111235,111237],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,111221,91],{"class":90},[46,111223,94],{"class":60},[46,111225,501],{"class":102},[46,111227,507],{"class":60},[46,111229,111230],{"class":102},"union",[46,111232,94],{"class":60},[46,111234,4935],{"class":102},[46,111236,5533],{"class":60},[46,111238,111239],{"class":3845},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[46,111241,111242,111244,111246,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,111243,91],{"class":90},[46,111245,94],{"class":60},[46,111247,501],{"class":102},[46,111249,507],{"class":60},[46,111251,110556],{"class":102},[46,111253,94],{"class":60},[46,111255,4935],{"class":102},[46,111257,5533],{"class":60},[46,111259,110575],{"class":3845},[20,111261,27388],{},[172,111263,111264,111269],{},[175,111265,111266,111268],{},[15,111267,102760],{}," includes everything",[175,111270,111271,111273],{},[15,111272,110466],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111275,18862],{},[172,111277,111278,111285],{},[175,111279,111280,111284],{},[501,111281,111282],{"href":107691},[15,111283,102760],{}," when overlap does not matter",[175,111286,111287,111289],{},[15,111288,110466],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[32,111291,36782,111293,101559],{"id":111292},"using-the-operator",[15,111294,111295],{},"^",[20,111297,111298,111299,111301,111302,507],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111300,111295],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111303,110466],{},[20,111305,2393],{},[37,111307,111309],{"className":39,"code":111308,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111310,111311,111331,111351,111355,111373],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111312,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111314,110662],{"class":52},[46,111316,57],{"class":56},[46,111318,10660],{"class":60},[46,111320,3175],{"class":64},[46,111322,68],{"class":60},[46,111324,71],{"class":64},[46,111326,68],{"class":60},[46,111328,312],{"class":64},[46,111330,1105],{"class":60},[46,111332,111333,111335,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,111334,110683],{"class":52},[46,111336,57],{"class":56},[46,111338,10660],{"class":60},[46,111340,2249],{"class":64},[46,111342,68],{"class":60},[46,111344,2643],{"class":64},[46,111346,68],{"class":60},[46,111348,1508],{"class":64},[46,111350,1105],{"class":60},[46,111352,111353],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,111354,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,111356,111357,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,111358,91],{"class":90},[46,111360,94],{"class":60},[46,111362,100546],{"class":102},[46,111364,507],{"class":60},[46,111366,110556],{"class":102},[46,111368,94],{"class":60},[46,111370,100555],{"class":102},[46,111372,106],{"class":60},[46,111374,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111386],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,111376,91],{"class":90},[46,111378,94],{"class":60},[46,111380,110662],{"class":102},[46,111382,111295],{"class":56},[46,111384,111385],{"class":102}," set2",[46,111387,215],{"class":60},[20,111389,30197],{},[37,111391,111393],{"className":39,"code":111392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111394,111395,111415],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111396,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407,111409,111411,111413],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111398,1185],{"class":60},[46,111400,3175],{"class":64},[46,111402,68],{"class":60},[46,111404,71],{"class":64},[46,111406,68],{"class":60},[46,111408,2643],{"class":64},[46,111410,68],{"class":60},[46,111412,1508],{"class":64},[46,111414,1105],{"class":60},[46,111416,111417,111419,111421,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,111418,1185],{"class":60},[46,111420,3175],{"class":64},[46,111422,68],{"class":60},[46,111424,71],{"class":64},[46,111426,68],{"class":60},[46,111428,2643],{"class":64},[46,111430,68],{"class":60},[46,111432,1508],{"class":64},[46,111434,1105],{"class":60},[20,111436,111437],{},"Both forms:",[172,111439,111440,111443],{},[175,111441,111442],{},"return a new set",[175,111444,111445],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111447,111448],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[32,111450,4693],{"id":4692},[20,111452,21379,111453,198],{},[15,111454,110466],{},[172,111456,111457,111465,111475,111490],{},[175,111458,111459,111462,111464],{},[3924,111460,111461],{},"Expecting sorted output",[10015,111463],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[175,111466,111467,111470,111472,111474],{},[3924,111468,111469],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[10015,111471],{},[15,111473,110466],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[175,111476,111477,111482,111484,111486,111487,111489],{},[3924,111478,111479,111480],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111481,100375],{},[10015,111483],{},[15,111485,100375],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111488,110466],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[175,111491,111492,111495,111497],{},[3924,111493,111494],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[10015,111496],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111499,59023],{},[172,111501,111502,111511,111514,111517],{},[175,111503,50655,111504,44794,111506,111510],{},[15,111505,110466],{},[501,111507,111508],{"href":107691},[15,111509,102760],{}," is actually needed",[175,111512,111513],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[175,111515,111516],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[175,111518,111519],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111521,111522,111523,507],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[501,111524,99039],{"href":105304},[20,111526,62455],{},[37,111528,111530],{"className":39,"code":111529,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111531,111532,111542,111552,111570,111584,111598],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111533,111534,111536,111538,111540],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111535,91],{"class":90},[46,111537,94],{"class":60},[46,111539,100546],{"class":102},[46,111541,215],{"class":60},[46,111543,111544,111546,111548,111550],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,111545,91],{"class":90},[46,111547,94],{"class":60},[46,111549,100555],{"class":102},[46,111551,215],{"class":60},[46,111553,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564,111566,111568],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,111555,91],{"class":90},[46,111557,94],{"class":60},[46,111559,100546],{"class":102},[46,111561,507],{"class":60},[46,111563,110556],{"class":102},[46,111565,94],{"class":60},[46,111567,100555],{"class":102},[46,111569,106],{"class":60},[46,111571,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,111573,91],{"class":90},[46,111575,94],{"class":60},[46,111577,110662],{"class":102},[46,111579,111295],{"class":56},[46,111581,111385],{"class":102},[46,111583,215],{"class":60},[46,111585,111586,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,111587,91],{"class":90},[46,111589,94],{"class":60},[46,111591,1889],{"class":1270},[46,111593,94],{"class":60},[46,111595,100546],{"class":102},[46,111597,106],{"class":60},[46,111599,111600,111602,111604,111606,111608,111610],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,111601,91],{"class":90},[46,111603,94],{"class":60},[46,111605,1889],{"class":1270},[46,111607,94],{"class":60},[46,111609,100555],{"class":102},[46,111611,106],{"class":60},[32,111613,1991],{"id":1990},[283,111615,12872,111617,102700],{"id":111616},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111618,110466],{},[20,111620,102703],{},[283,111622,2048,111624,2051,111626,2035],{"id":111623},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111625,110466],{},[15,111627,100375],{},[20,111629,111630,111632,111633,111635],{},[15,111631,100375],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111634,110466],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[283,111637,28496,111639,111641],{"id":111638},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111640,110466],{}," with lists?",[20,111643,111644],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111646,2393],{},[37,111648,111650],{"className":39,"code":111649,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111651,111652,111672,111692,111696,111723],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111653,111654,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111655,80806],{"class":52},[46,111657,57],{"class":56},[46,111659,61],{"class":60},[46,111661,3175],{"class":64},[46,111663,68],{"class":60},[46,111665,71],{"class":64},[46,111667,68],{"class":60},[46,111669,312],{"class":64},[46,111671,84],{"class":60},[46,111673,111674,111676,111678,111680,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,111675,80827],{"class":52},[46,111677,57],{"class":56},[46,111679,61],{"class":60},[46,111681,2249],{"class":64},[46,111683,68],{"class":60},[46,111685,2643],{"class":64},[46,111687,68],{"class":60},[46,111689,1508],{"class":64},[46,111691,84],{"class":60},[46,111693,111694],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,111695,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,111697,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,111699,2416],{"class":52},[46,111701,57],{"class":56},[46,111703,15800],{"class":1270},[46,111705,94],{"class":60},[46,111707,111708],{"class":102},"list1",[46,111710,8803],{"class":60},[46,111712,110556],{"class":102},[46,111714,94],{"class":60},[46,111716,6459],{"class":1270},[46,111718,94],{"class":60},[46,111720,81093],{"class":102},[46,111722,106],{"class":60},[46,111724,111725,111727,111729,111731],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,111726,91],{"class":90},[46,111728,94],{"class":60},[46,111730,2451],{"class":102},[46,111732,215],{"class":60},[20,111734,143],{},[37,111736,111737],{"className":39,"code":110737,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,111738,111739],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111740,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749,111751,111753,111755,111757],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111742,1185],{"class":60},[46,111744,3175],{"class":64},[46,111746,68],{"class":60},[46,111748,71],{"class":64},[46,111750,68],{"class":60},[46,111752,2643],{"class":64},[46,111754,68],{"class":60},[46,111756,1508],{"class":64},[46,111758,1105],{"class":60},[283,111760,111762],{"id":111761},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111764,111765],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[32,111767,2065],{"id":2064},[172,111769,111770,111774,111779,111785,111791],{},[175,111771,111772],{},[501,111773,96289],{"href":96288},[175,111775,111776],{},[501,111777,111778],{"href":96292},"Creating a set in Python",[175,111780,111781],{},[501,111782,96775,111783,10910],{"href":102801},[15,111784,100375],{},[175,111786,111787],{},[501,111788,96775,111789,10910],{"href":107691},[15,111790,102760],{},[175,111792,111793],{},[501,111794,100305],{"href":105304},[20,111796,111797,111798,2374,111800,17238,111802,111804],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111799,100375],{},[15,111801,102760],{},[15,111803,110466],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2103,111806,57403],{},{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":111808},[111809,111810,111812,111813,111814,111815,111817,111819,111821,111822,111831],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":110581,"depth":87,"text":111811},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":110762,"depth":87,"text":110763},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":111010,"depth":87,"text":111816},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111152,"depth":87,"text":111818},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111292,"depth":87,"text":111820},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":111823},[111824,111826,111828,111830],{"id":111616,"depth":109,"text":111825},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111623,"depth":109,"text":111827},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111638,"depth":109,"text":111829},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111761,"depth":109,"text":111762},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110458,"description":111832},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111839,"title":111840,"body":111841,"description":113904,"extension":2150,"meta":113905,"navigation":112,"path":107691,"seo":113906,"stem":113907,"__hash__":113908},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111842,"toc":113863},[111843,111848,111853,111856,111869,111871,111953,111958,111963,111967,111979,111982,111986,111988,112015,112017,112028,112031,112100,112102,112108,112111,112121,112123,112212,112217,112219,112226,112229,112231,112234,112354,112356,112425,112428,112445,112450,112453,112569,112571,112600,112603,112609,112614,112618,112699,112701,112729,112734,112738,112833,112835,112876,112880,112883,112950,112952,112993,112999,113014,113021,113028,113032,113038,113124,113128,113136,113207,113212,113219,113221,113227,113229,113294,113296,113312,113317,113320,113389,113393,113396,113455,113458,113462,113515,113528,113531,113584,113588,113590,113621,113624,113629,113682,113686,113689,113710,113722,113724,113777,113779,113784,113786,113792,113795,113801,113806,113810,113813,113821,113830,113832,113860],[10,111844,13,111846,11490],{"id":111845},"python-setunion-method",[15,111847,108004],{},[20,111849,111850,111852],{},[15,111851,108004],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111854,111855],{},"It is useful when you want:",[172,111857,111858,111861,111866],{},[175,111859,111860],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[175,111862,2741,111863,111865],{},[3924,111864,100730],{}," as the result",[175,111867,111868],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[32,111870,35],{"id":34},[37,111872,111874],{"className":39,"code":111873,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111875,111876,111896,111916,111920,111938,111948],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111877,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111879,110662],{"class":52},[46,111881,57],{"class":56},[46,111883,10660],{"class":60},[46,111885,3175],{"class":64},[46,111887,68],{"class":60},[46,111889,71],{"class":64},[46,111891,68],{"class":60},[46,111893,312],{"class":64},[46,111895,1105],{"class":60},[46,111897,111898,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,111899,110683],{"class":52},[46,111901,57],{"class":56},[46,111903,10660],{"class":60},[46,111905,2249],{"class":64},[46,111907,68],{"class":60},[46,111909,2643],{"class":64},[46,111911,68],{"class":60},[46,111913,1508],{"class":64},[46,111915,1105],{"class":60},[46,111917,111918],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,111919,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,111921,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934,111936],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,111923,2416],{"class":52},[46,111925,57],{"class":56},[46,111927,110712],{"class":52},[46,111929,507],{"class":60},[46,111931,111230],{"class":102},[46,111933,94],{"class":60},[46,111935,100555],{"class":102},[46,111937,215],{"class":60},[46,111939,111940,111942,111944,111946],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,111941,91],{"class":90},[46,111943,94],{"class":60},[46,111945,2451],{"class":102},[46,111947,215],{"class":60},[46,111949,111950],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,111951,111952],{"class":3845},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111954,111955,111957],{},[15,111956,102760],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[32,111959,167,111961,170],{"id":111960},"what-setunion-does",[15,111962,108004],{},[20,111964,111965,198],{},[15,111966,108004],{},[172,111968,111969,111972,111975,111977],{},[175,111970,111971],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[175,111973,111974],{},"keeps only unique values",[175,111976,110592],{},[175,111978,110601],{},[20,111980,111981],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111983,96285,111984,507],{},[501,111985,96289],{"href":97460},[32,111987,2343],{"id":2342},[37,111989,111991],{"className":39,"code":111990,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111992,111993],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,111994,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,111996,100546],{"class":52},[46,111998,507],{"class":60},[46,112000,111230],{"class":102},[46,112002,94],{"class":60},[46,112004,100555],{"class":102},[46,112006,68],{"class":60},[46,112008,100582],{"class":102},[46,112010,68],{"class":60},[46,112012,239],{"class":90},[46,112014,215],{"class":60},[20,112016,13219],{},[172,112018,112019,112022,112025],{},[175,112020,112021],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[175,112023,112024],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[175,112026,112027],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112029,112030],{},"Example with two sets:",[37,112032,112034],{"className":39,"code":112033,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112035,112036,112052,112068,112072,112090],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112037,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112039,2741],{"class":52},[46,112041,57],{"class":56},[46,112043,10660],{"class":60},[46,112045,3175],{"class":64},[46,112047,68],{"class":60},[46,112049,71],{"class":64},[46,112051,1105],{"class":60},[46,112053,112054,112056,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112055,2769],{"class":52},[46,112057,57],{"class":56},[46,112059,10660],{"class":60},[46,112061,2243],{"class":64},[46,112063,68],{"class":60},[46,112065,312],{"class":64},[46,112067,1105],{"class":60},[46,112069,112070],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,112071,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112073,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084,112086,112088],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,112075,2416],{"class":52},[46,112077,57],{"class":56},[46,112079,57049],{"class":52},[46,112081,507],{"class":60},[46,112083,111230],{"class":102},[46,112085,94],{"class":60},[46,112087,4935],{"class":102},[46,112089,215],{"class":60},[46,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,112093,91],{"class":90},[46,112095,94],{"class":60},[46,112097,2451],{"class":102},[46,112099,215],{"class":60},[32,112101,22137],{"id":22136},[20,112103,112104,100727,112106,507],{},[15,112105,108004],{},[3924,112107,100730],{},[20,112109,112110],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[172,112112,112113,112116],{},[175,112114,112115],{},"the original set",[175,112117,112118,112119],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112120,102760],{},[20,112122,2393],{},[37,112124,112126],{"className":39,"code":112125,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112127,112128,112144,112160,112164,112182,112186,112199],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112129,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112131,2741],{"class":52},[46,112133,57],{"class":56},[46,112135,10660],{"class":60},[46,112137,3175],{"class":64},[46,112139,68],{"class":60},[46,112141,71],{"class":64},[46,112143,1105],{"class":60},[46,112145,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112147,2769],{"class":52},[46,112149,57],{"class":56},[46,112151,10660],{"class":60},[46,112153,2243],{"class":64},[46,112155,68],{"class":60},[46,112157,312],{"class":64},[46,112159,1105],{"class":60},[46,112161,112162],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,112163,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112165,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,112167,2416],{"class":52},[46,112169,57],{"class":56},[46,112171,57049],{"class":52},[46,112173,507],{"class":60},[46,112175,111230],{"class":102},[46,112177,94],{"class":60},[46,112179,4935],{"class":102},[46,112181,215],{"class":60},[46,112183,112184],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,112185,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112187,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,112189,91],{"class":90},[46,112191,94],{"class":60},[46,112193,2451],{"class":102},[46,112195,1592],{"class":60},[46,112197,112198],{"class":3845},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[46,112200,112201,112203,112205,112207,112209],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,112202,91],{"class":90},[46,112204,94],{"class":60},[46,112206,501],{"class":102},[46,112208,1592],{"class":60},[46,112210,112211],{"class":3845},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112213,2473,112214,112216],{},[15,112215,501],{}," did not change.",[20,112218,110834],{},[172,112220,112221,112223],{},[175,112222,110839],{},[175,112224,112225],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112227,112228],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[32,112230,11643],{"id":11642},[20,112232,112233],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[37,112235,112237],{"className":39,"code":112236,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112238,112239,112272,112305,112309,112329,112333,112343],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112240,112241,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112242,112243],{"class":52},"fruits1 ",[46,112245,57],{"class":56},[46,112247,10660],{"class":60},[46,112249,427],{"class":426},[46,112251,756],{"class":430},[46,112253,427],{"class":426},[46,112255,68],{"class":60},[46,112257,438],{"class":426},[46,112259,450],{"class":430},[46,112261,427],{"class":426},[46,112263,68],{"class":60},[46,112265,438],{"class":426},[46,112267,33389],{"class":430},[46,112269,427],{"class":426},[46,112271,1105],{"class":60},[46,112273,112274,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112275,112276],{"class":52},"fruits2 ",[46,112278,57],{"class":56},[46,112280,10660],{"class":60},[46,112282,427],{"class":426},[46,112284,450],{"class":430},[46,112286,427],{"class":426},[46,112288,68],{"class":60},[46,112290,438],{"class":426},[46,112292,22700],{"class":430},[46,112294,427],{"class":426},[46,112296,68],{"class":60},[46,112298,438],{"class":426},[46,112300,33389],{"class":430},[46,112302,427],{"class":426},[46,112304,1105],{"class":60},[46,112306,112307],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,112308,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112310,112311,112313,112315,112318,112320,112322,112324,112327],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,112312,2416],{"class":52},[46,112314,57],{"class":56},[46,112316,112317],{"class":52}," fruits1",[46,112319,507],{"class":60},[46,112321,111230],{"class":102},[46,112323,94],{"class":60},[46,112325,112326],{"class":102},"fruits2",[46,112328,215],{"class":60},[46,112330,112331],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,112332,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112334,112335,112337,112339,112341],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,112336,91],{"class":90},[46,112338,94],{"class":60},[46,112340,2451],{"class":102},[46,112342,215],{"class":60},[46,112344,112345,112347,112349,112352],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,112346,91],{"class":90},[46,112348,94],{"class":60},[46,112350,112351],{"class":102},"fruits1",[46,112353,215],{"class":60},[20,112355,30197],{},[37,112357,112359],{"className":39,"code":112358,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112360,112361,112397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112362,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112364,1185],{"class":60},[46,112366,1188],{"class":426},[46,112368,450],{"class":430},[46,112370,1188],{"class":426},[46,112372,68],{"class":60},[46,112374,1197],{"class":426},[46,112376,33389],{"class":430},[46,112378,1188],{"class":426},[46,112380,68],{"class":60},[46,112382,1197],{"class":426},[46,112384,756],{"class":430},[46,112386,1188],{"class":426},[46,112388,68],{"class":60},[46,112390,1197],{"class":426},[46,112392,22700],{"class":430},[46,112394,1188],{"class":426},[46,112396,1105],{"class":60},[46,112398,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112400,1185],{"class":60},[46,112402,1188],{"class":426},[46,112404,450],{"class":430},[46,112406,1188],{"class":426},[46,112408,68],{"class":60},[46,112410,1197],{"class":426},[46,112412,33389],{"class":430},[46,112414,1188],{"class":426},[46,112416,68],{"class":60},[46,112418,1197],{"class":426},[46,112420,756],{"class":430},[46,112422,1188],{"class":426},[46,112424,1105],{"class":60},[20,112426,112427],{},"What this shows:",[172,112429,112430,112437,112440],{},[175,112431,112432,2051,112434,112436],{},[15,112433,65435],{},[15,112435,65862],{}," appear in both sets",[175,112438,112439],{},"they appear only once in the result",[175,112441,112442,112444],{},[15,112443,112351],{}," stays unchanged",[32,112446,578,112448,101119],{"id":112447},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112449,102760],{},[20,112451,112452],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[37,112454,112456],{"className":39,"code":112455,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112457,112458,112474,112490,112507,112524,112528,112555,112559],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112459,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112470,112472],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112461,110662],{"class":52},[46,112463,57],{"class":56},[46,112465,10660],{"class":60},[46,112467,3175],{"class":64},[46,112469,68],{"class":60},[46,112471,71],{"class":64},[46,112473,1105],{"class":60},[46,112475,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112477,110683],{"class":52},[46,112479,57],{"class":56},[46,112481,10660],{"class":60},[46,112483,2243],{"class":64},[46,112485,68],{"class":60},[46,112487,312],{"class":64},[46,112489,1105],{"class":60},[46,112491,112492,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,112493,112494],{"class":52},"set3 ",[46,112496,57],{"class":56},[46,112498,10660],{"class":60},[46,112500,2249],{"class":64},[46,112502,68],{"class":60},[46,112504,2643],{"class":64},[46,112506,1105],{"class":60},[46,112508,112509,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,112510,112511],{"class":52},"set4 ",[46,112513,57],{"class":56},[46,112515,10660],{"class":60},[46,112517,2691],{"class":64},[46,112519,68],{"class":60},[46,112521,1508],{"class":64},[46,112523,1105],{"class":60},[46,112525,112526],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,112527,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112529,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112553],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,112531,2416],{"class":52},[46,112533,57],{"class":56},[46,112535,110712],{"class":52},[46,112537,507],{"class":60},[46,112539,111230],{"class":102},[46,112541,94],{"class":60},[46,112543,100555],{"class":102},[46,112545,68],{"class":60},[46,112547,100582],{"class":102},[46,112549,68],{"class":60},[46,112551,112552],{"class":102}," set4",[46,112554,215],{"class":60},[46,112556,112557],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,112558,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112560,112561,112563,112565,112567],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,112562,91],{"class":90},[46,112564,94],{"class":60},[46,112566,2451],{"class":102},[46,112568,215],{"class":60},[20,112570,30197],{},[37,112572,112574],{"className":39,"code":112573,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112575,112576],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112577,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112579,1185],{"class":60},[46,112581,3175],{"class":64},[46,112583,68],{"class":60},[46,112585,71],{"class":64},[46,112587,68],{"class":60},[46,112589,312],{"class":64},[46,112591,68],{"class":60},[46,112593,2643],{"class":64},[46,112595,68],{"class":60},[46,112597,1508],{"class":64},[46,112599,1105],{"class":60},[20,112601,112602],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[32,112604,578,112606,112608],{"id":112605},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112607,102760],{}," with other iterables",[20,112610,112611,112613],{},[15,112612,102760],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[283,112615,112617],{"id":112616},"with-a-list","With a list",[37,112619,112621],{"className":39,"code":112620,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112622,112623,112643,112667,112671,112689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112624,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112626,53],{"class":52},[46,112628,57],{"class":56},[46,112630,10660],{"class":60},[46,112632,3175],{"class":64},[46,112634,68],{"class":60},[46,112636,71],{"class":64},[46,112638,68],{"class":60},[46,112640,312],{"class":64},[46,112642,1105],{"class":60},[46,112644,112645,112647,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112646,61207],{"class":52},[46,112648,57],{"class":56},[46,112650,61],{"class":60},[46,112652,2249],{"class":64},[46,112654,68],{"class":60},[46,112656,2643],{"class":64},[46,112658,68],{"class":60},[46,112660,1508],{"class":64},[46,112662,68],{"class":60},[46,112664,1508],{"class":64},[46,112666,84],{"class":60},[46,112668,112669],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,112670,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112672,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,112674,2416],{"class":52},[46,112676,57],{"class":56},[46,112678,4437],{"class":52},[46,112680,507],{"class":60},[46,112682,111230],{"class":102},[46,112684,94],{"class":60},[46,112686,61236],{"class":102},[46,112688,215],{"class":60},[46,112690,112691,112693,112695,112697],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,112692,91],{"class":90},[46,112694,94],{"class":60},[46,112696,2451],{"class":102},[46,112698,215],{"class":60},[20,112700,30197],{},[37,112702,112703],{"className":39,"code":112573,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,112704,112705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112706,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725,112727],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112708,1185],{"class":60},[46,112710,3175],{"class":64},[46,112712,68],{"class":60},[46,112714,71],{"class":64},[46,112716,68],{"class":60},[46,112718,312],{"class":64},[46,112720,68],{"class":60},[46,112722,2643],{"class":64},[46,112724,68],{"class":60},[46,112726,1508],{"class":64},[46,112728,1105],{"class":60},[20,112730,21145,112731,112733],{},[15,112732,65],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[283,112735,112737],{"id":112736},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[37,112739,112741],{"className":39,"code":112740,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112742,112743,112767,112800,112804,112823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112746,36259],{"class":52},[46,112748,57],{"class":56},[46,112750,10660],{"class":60},[46,112752,427],{"class":426},[46,112754,501],{"class":430},[46,112756,427],{"class":426},[46,112758,68],{"class":60},[46,112760,438],{"class":426},[46,112762,4935],{"class":430},[46,112764,427],{"class":426},[46,112766,1105],{"class":60},[46,112768,112769,112772,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786,112788,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112770,112771],{"class":52},"more_letters ",[46,112773,57],{"class":56},[46,112775,9406],{"class":60},[46,112777,427],{"class":426},[46,112779,4935],{"class":430},[46,112781,427],{"class":426},[46,112783,68],{"class":60},[46,112785,438],{"class":426},[46,112787,9908],{"class":430},[46,112789,427],{"class":426},[46,112791,68],{"class":60},[46,112793,438],{"class":426},[46,112795,18935],{"class":430},[46,112797,427],{"class":426},[46,112799,215],{"class":60},[46,112801,112802],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,112803,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112805,112806,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112821],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,112807,2416],{"class":52},[46,112809,57],{"class":56},[46,112811,70255],{"class":52},[46,112813,507],{"class":60},[46,112815,111230],{"class":102},[46,112817,94],{"class":60},[46,112819,112820],{"class":102},"more_letters",[46,112822,215],{"class":60},[46,112824,112825,112827,112829,112831],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,112826,91],{"class":90},[46,112828,94],{"class":60},[46,112830,2451],{"class":102},[46,112832,215],{"class":60},[20,112834,30197],{},[37,112836,112838],{"className":39,"code":112837,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112839,112840],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112841,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858,112860,112862,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112843,1185],{"class":60},[46,112845,1188],{"class":426},[46,112847,501],{"class":430},[46,112849,1188],{"class":426},[46,112851,68],{"class":60},[46,112853,1197],{"class":426},[46,112855,4935],{"class":430},[46,112857,1188],{"class":426},[46,112859,68],{"class":60},[46,112861,1197],{"class":426},[46,112863,9908],{"class":430},[46,112865,1188],{"class":426},[46,112867,68],{"class":60},[46,112869,1197],{"class":426},[46,112871,18935],{"class":430},[46,112873,1188],{"class":426},[46,112875,1105],{"class":60},[283,112877,112879],{"id":112878},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112881,112882],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[37,112884,112886],{"className":39,"code":112885,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112887,112888,112913,112936,112940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112889,112890,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112891,112892],{"class":52},"chars ",[46,112894,57],{"class":56},[46,112896,10660],{"class":60},[46,112898,427],{"class":426},[46,112900,501],{"class":430},[46,112902,427],{"class":426},[46,112904,68],{"class":60},[46,112906,438],{"class":426},[46,112908,4935],{"class":430},[46,112910,427],{"class":426},[46,112912,1105],{"class":60},[46,112914,112915,112917,112919,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,112916,2416],{"class":52},[46,112918,57],{"class":56},[46,112920,112921],{"class":52}," chars",[46,112923,507],{"class":60},[46,112925,111230],{"class":102},[46,112927,94],{"class":60},[46,112929,427],{"class":426},[46,112931,934],{"class":430},[46,112933,427],{"class":426},[46,112935,215],{"class":60},[46,112937,112938],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,112939,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,112941,112942,112944,112946,112948],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,112943,91],{"class":90},[46,112945,94],{"class":60},[46,112947,2451],{"class":102},[46,112949,215],{"class":60},[20,112951,30197],{},[37,112953,112955],{"className":39,"code":112954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112956,112957],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,112958,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989,112991],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,112960,1185],{"class":60},[46,112962,1188],{"class":426},[46,112964,501],{"class":430},[46,112966,1188],{"class":426},[46,112968,68],{"class":60},[46,112970,1197],{"class":426},[46,112972,4935],{"class":430},[46,112974,1188],{"class":426},[46,112976,68],{"class":60},[46,112978,1197],{"class":426},[46,112980,9908],{"class":430},[46,112982,1188],{"class":426},[46,112984,68],{"class":60},[46,112986,1197],{"class":426},[46,112988,63447],{"class":430},[46,112990,1188],{"class":426},[46,112992,1105],{"class":60},[20,112994,22356,112995,112998],{},[15,112996,112997],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[172,113000,113001,113005,113009],{},[175,113002,113003],{},[15,113004,66641],{},[175,113006,113007],{},[15,113008,18263],{},[175,113010,113011],{},[15,113012,113013],{},"\"t\"",[32,113015,113017,10755,113019],{"id":113016},"union-vs-update",[15,113018,102760],{},[15,113020,15120],{},[20,113022,113023,2051,113025,113027],{},[15,113024,102760],{},[15,113026,15120],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[283,113029,113030],{"id":111230},[15,113031,102760],{},[172,113033,113034,113036],{},[175,113035,110592],{},[175,113037,110601],{},[37,113039,113040],{"className":39,"code":112125,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,113041,113042,113058,113074,113078,113096,113100,113112],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113043,113044,113046,113048,113050,113052,113054,113056],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113045,2741],{"class":52},[46,113047,57],{"class":56},[46,113049,10660],{"class":60},[46,113051,3175],{"class":64},[46,113053,68],{"class":60},[46,113055,71],{"class":64},[46,113057,1105],{"class":60},[46,113059,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070,113072],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113061,2769],{"class":52},[46,113063,57],{"class":56},[46,113065,10660],{"class":60},[46,113067,2243],{"class":64},[46,113069,68],{"class":60},[46,113071,312],{"class":64},[46,113073,1105],{"class":60},[46,113075,113076],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113077,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,113079,113080,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,113081,2416],{"class":52},[46,113083,57],{"class":56},[46,113085,57049],{"class":52},[46,113087,507],{"class":60},[46,113089,111230],{"class":102},[46,113091,94],{"class":60},[46,113093,4935],{"class":102},[46,113095,215],{"class":60},[46,113097,113098],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,113099,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,113103,91],{"class":90},[46,113105,94],{"class":60},[46,113107,2451],{"class":102},[46,113109,1592],{"class":60},[46,113111,112198],{"class":3845},[46,113113,113114,113116,113118,113120,113122],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,113115,91],{"class":90},[46,113117,94],{"class":60},[46,113119,501],{"class":102},[46,113121,1592],{"class":60},[46,113123,112211],{"class":3845},[283,113125,113126],{"id":30632},[15,113127,15120],{},[172,113129,113130,113133],{},[175,113131,113132],{},"changes the existing set in place",[175,113134,113135],{},"does not create a separate result set",[37,113137,113139],{"className":39,"code":113138,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113140,113141,113157,113173,113177,113191,113195],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113142,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153,113155],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113144,2741],{"class":52},[46,113146,57],{"class":56},[46,113148,10660],{"class":60},[46,113150,3175],{"class":64},[46,113152,68],{"class":60},[46,113154,71],{"class":64},[46,113156,1105],{"class":60},[46,113158,113159,113161,113163,113165,113167,113169,113171],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113160,2769],{"class":52},[46,113162,57],{"class":56},[46,113164,10660],{"class":60},[46,113166,2243],{"class":64},[46,113168,68],{"class":60},[46,113170,312],{"class":64},[46,113172,1105],{"class":60},[46,113174,113175],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113176,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,113178,113179,113181,113183,113185,113187,113189],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,113180,501],{"class":52},[46,113182,507],{"class":60},[46,113184,30632],{"class":102},[46,113186,94],{"class":60},[46,113188,4935],{"class":102},[46,113190,215],{"class":60},[46,113192,113193],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,113194,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,113196,113197,113199,113201,113203,113205],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,113198,91],{"class":90},[46,113200,94],{"class":60},[46,113202,501],{"class":102},[46,113204,1592],{"class":60},[46,113206,112198],{"class":3845},[20,113208,160,113209,113211],{},[15,113210,102760],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113213,113214,113215,507],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[501,113216,13,113217,10910],{"href":98480},[15,113218,97275],{},[32,113220,4693],{"id":4692},[283,113222,1853,113224,113226],{"id":113223},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113225,102760],{}," to change the original set",[20,113228,81975],{},[37,113230,113232],{"className":39,"code":113231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113233,113234,113250,113266,113270,113284],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113235,113236,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113237,2741],{"class":52},[46,113239,57],{"class":56},[46,113241,10660],{"class":60},[46,113243,3175],{"class":64},[46,113245,68],{"class":60},[46,113247,71],{"class":64},[46,113249,1105],{"class":60},[46,113251,113252,113254,113256,113258,113260,113262,113264],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113253,2769],{"class":52},[46,113255,57],{"class":56},[46,113257,10660],{"class":60},[46,113259,2243],{"class":64},[46,113261,68],{"class":60},[46,113263,312],{"class":64},[46,113265,1105],{"class":60},[46,113267,113268],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113269,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,113271,113272,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,113273,501],{"class":52},[46,113275,507],{"class":60},[46,113277,111230],{"class":102},[46,113279,94],{"class":60},[46,113281,4935],{"class":102},[46,113283,215],{"class":60},[46,113285,113286,113288,113290,113292],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,113287,91],{"class":90},[46,113289,94],{"class":60},[46,113291,501],{"class":102},[46,113293,215],{"class":60},[20,113295,143],{},[37,113297,113298],{"className":39,"code":100468,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,113299,113300],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113301,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113303,1185],{"class":60},[46,113305,3175],{"class":64},[46,113307,68],{"class":60},[46,113309,71],{"class":64},[46,113311,1105],{"class":60},[20,113313,8667,113314,113316],{},[15,113315,102760],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113318,113319],{},"Fix it like this:",[37,113321,113323],{"className":39,"code":113322,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113324,113325,113341,113357,113361,113379],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113326,113327,113329,113331,113333,113335,113337,113339],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113328,2741],{"class":52},[46,113330,57],{"class":56},[46,113332,10660],{"class":60},[46,113334,3175],{"class":64},[46,113336,68],{"class":60},[46,113338,71],{"class":64},[46,113340,1105],{"class":60},[46,113342,113343,113345,113347,113349,113351,113353,113355],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113344,2769],{"class":52},[46,113346,57],{"class":56},[46,113348,10660],{"class":60},[46,113350,2243],{"class":64},[46,113352,68],{"class":60},[46,113354,312],{"class":64},[46,113356,1105],{"class":60},[46,113358,113359],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113360,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,113362,113363,113365,113367,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,113364,2741],{"class":52},[46,113366,57],{"class":56},[46,113368,57049],{"class":52},[46,113370,507],{"class":60},[46,113372,111230],{"class":102},[46,113374,94],{"class":60},[46,113376,4935],{"class":102},[46,113378,215],{"class":60},[46,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,113382,91],{"class":90},[46,113384,94],{"class":60},[46,113386,501],{"class":102},[46,113388,215],{"class":60},[283,113390,113392],{"id":113391},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113394,113395],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[37,113397,113399],{"className":39,"code":113398,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113400,113401,113417,113433,113437],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113402,113403,113405,113407,113409,113411,113413,113415],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113404,2741],{"class":52},[46,113406,57],{"class":56},[46,113408,10660],{"class":60},[46,113410,2249],{"class":64},[46,113412,68],{"class":60},[46,113414,81],{"class":64},[46,113416,1105],{"class":60},[46,113418,113419,113421,113423,113425,113427,113429,113431],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113420,2769],{"class":52},[46,113422,57],{"class":56},[46,113424,10660],{"class":60},[46,113426,2243],{"class":64},[46,113428,68],{"class":60},[46,113430,2643],{"class":64},[46,113432,1105],{"class":60},[46,113434,113435],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113436,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,113438,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449,113451,113453],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,113440,91],{"class":90},[46,113442,94],{"class":60},[46,113444,501],{"class":102},[46,113446,507],{"class":60},[46,113448,111230],{"class":102},[46,113450,94],{"class":60},[46,113452,4935],{"class":102},[46,113454,106],{"class":60},[20,113456,113457],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[283,113459,113461],{"id":113460},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[37,113463,113465],{"className":39,"code":113464,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113466,113467,113483,113505],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113468,113469,113471,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113470,419],{"class":52},[46,113472,57],{"class":56},[46,113474,10660],{"class":60},[46,113476,427],{"class":426},[46,113478,58288],{"class":430},[46,113480,427],{"class":426},[46,113482,1105],{"class":60},[46,113484,113485,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113486,2416],{"class":52},[46,113488,57],{"class":56},[46,113490,6340],{"class":52},[46,113492,507],{"class":60},[46,113494,111230],{"class":102},[46,113496,94],{"class":60},[46,113498,427],{"class":426},[46,113500,934],{"class":430},[46,113502,427],{"class":426},[46,113504,215],{"class":60},[46,113506,113507,113509,113511,113513],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113508,91],{"class":90},[46,113510,94],{"class":60},[46,113512,2451],{"class":102},[46,113514,215],{"class":60},[20,113516,113517,113518,2374,113520,17238,113522,113524,113525,113527],{},"This adds ",[15,113519,66641],{},[15,113521,18263],{},[15,113523,113013],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113526,112997],{}," as one item.",[20,113529,113530],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[37,113532,113534],{"className":39,"code":113533,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113535,113536,113552,113574],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113537,113538,113540,113542,113544,113546,113548,113550],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113539,419],{"class":52},[46,113541,57],{"class":56},[46,113543,10660],{"class":60},[46,113545,427],{"class":426},[46,113547,58288],{"class":430},[46,113549,427],{"class":426},[46,113551,1105],{"class":60},[46,113553,113554,113556,113558,113560,113562,113564,113566,113568,113570,113572],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113555,2416],{"class":52},[46,113557,57],{"class":56},[46,113559,6340],{"class":52},[46,113561,507],{"class":60},[46,113563,111230],{"class":102},[46,113565,3172],{"class":60},[46,113567,427],{"class":426},[46,113569,934],{"class":430},[46,113571,427],{"class":426},[46,113573,1161],{"class":60},[46,113575,113576,113578,113580,113582],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113577,91],{"class":90},[46,113579,94],{"class":60},[46,113581,2451],{"class":102},[46,113583,215],{"class":60},[283,113585,113587],{"id":113586},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113589,3023],{},[37,113591,113593],{"className":39,"code":113592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113594,113595],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113596,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113598,15795],{"class":52},[46,113600,57],{"class":56},[46,113602,10660],{"class":60},[46,113604,3175],{"class":64},[46,113606,68],{"class":60},[46,113608,71],{"class":64},[46,113610,68],{"class":60},[46,113612,61],{"class":60},[46,113614,2249],{"class":64},[46,113616,68],{"class":60},[46,113618,2643],{"class":64},[46,113620,13873],{"class":60},[20,113622,113623],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113625,113626,113627,198],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113628,102760],{},[37,113630,113632],{"className":39,"code":113631,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113633,113634,113650,113672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113635,113636,113638,113640,113642,113644,113646,113648],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113637,15795],{"class":52},[46,113639,57],{"class":56},[46,113641,10660],{"class":60},[46,113643,3175],{"class":64},[46,113645,68],{"class":60},[46,113647,71],{"class":64},[46,113649,1105],{"class":60},[46,113651,113652,113654,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113653,2416],{"class":52},[46,113655,57],{"class":56},[46,113657,96885],{"class":52},[46,113659,507],{"class":60},[46,113661,111230],{"class":102},[46,113663,3172],{"class":60},[46,113665,2249],{"class":64},[46,113667,68],{"class":60},[46,113669,2643],{"class":64},[46,113671,1161],{"class":60},[46,113673,113674,113676,113678,113680],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113675,91],{"class":90},[46,113677,94],{"class":60},[46,113679,2451],{"class":102},[46,113681,215],{"class":60},[32,113683,113685],{"id":113684},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113687,113688],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[172,113690,113691,113697,113704,113707],{},[175,113692,113693,113694,113696],{},"call ",[15,113695,102760],{}," without saving the returned set",[175,113698,113699,113700,8876,113702],{},"confuse ",[15,113701,102760],{},[15,113703,15120],{},[175,113705,113706],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[175,113708,113709],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113711,113712,113713,2051,113717,507],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[501,113714,13,113715,10910],{"href":102749},[15,113716,106534],{},[501,113718,13,113720,10910],{"href":113719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113721,100380],{},[20,113723,62455],{},[37,113725,113727],{"className":39,"code":113726,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113728,113729,113739,113753,113763],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113730,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113732,91],{"class":90},[46,113734,94],{"class":60},[46,113736,15833],{"class":102},[46,113738,215],{"class":60},[46,113740,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113742,91],{"class":90},[46,113744,94],{"class":60},[46,113746,1889],{"class":1270},[46,113748,94],{"class":60},[46,113750,15833],{"class":102},[46,113752,106],{"class":60},[46,113754,113755,113757,113759,113761],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113756,91],{"class":90},[46,113758,94],{"class":60},[46,113760,2451],{"class":102},[46,113762,215],{"class":60},[46,113764,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,113766,32320],{"class":90},[46,113768,94],{"class":60},[46,113770,6459],{"class":1270},[46,113772,507],{"class":60},[46,113774,111230],{"class":1774},[46,113776,215],{"class":60},[32,113778,1991],{"id":1990},[283,113780,12872,113782,102700],{"id":113781},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113783,108004],{},[20,113785,102703],{},[283,113787,2005,113789,113791],{"id":113788},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113790,102760],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113793,113794],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[283,113796,28496,113798,113800],{"id":113797},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113799,102760],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113802,42317,113803,113805],{},[15,113804,102760],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[283,113807,113809],{"id":113808},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113811,113812],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[283,113814,2048,113816,2051,113818,2035],{"id":113815},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113817,102760],{},[15,113819,113820],{},"|",[20,113822,113823,113824,113826,113827,113829],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113825,113820],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113828,102760],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[32,113831,2065],{"id":2064},[172,113833,113834,113838,113844,113850,113856],{},[175,113835,113836],{},[501,113837,96289],{"href":97460},[175,113839,113840],{},[501,113841,13,113842,10910],{"href":98480},[15,113843,97275],{},[175,113845,113846],{},[501,113847,13,113848,10910],{"href":102749},[15,113849,106534],{},[175,113851,113852],{},[501,113853,13,113854,10910],{"href":113719},[15,113855,100380],{},[175,113857,113858],{},[501,113859,100305],{"href":99038},[2103,113861,113862],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":113864},[113865,113866,113868,113869,113870,113871,113873,113879,113884,113891,113892,113903],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":111960,"depth":87,"text":113867},"What set.union() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":22136,"depth":87,"text":22137},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":112447,"depth":87,"text":113872},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112605,"depth":87,"text":113874,"children":113875},"Using union() with other iterables",[113876,113877,113878],{"id":112616,"depth":109,"text":112617},{"id":112736,"depth":109,"text":112737},{"id":112878,"depth":109,"text":112879},{"id":113016,"depth":87,"text":113880,"children":113881},"union() vs update()",[113882,113883],{"id":111230,"depth":109,"text":102760},{"id":30632,"depth":109,"text":15120},{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":113885},[113886,113888,113889,113890],{"id":113223,"depth":109,"text":113887},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113391,"depth":109,"text":113392},{"id":113460,"depth":109,"text":113461},{"id":113586,"depth":109,"text":113587},{"id":113684,"depth":87,"text":113685},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":113893},[113894,113896,113898,113900,113901],{"id":113781,"depth":109,"text":113895},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113788,"depth":109,"text":113897},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113797,"depth":109,"text":113899},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113808,"depth":109,"text":113809},{"id":113815,"depth":109,"text":113902},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111840,"description":113904},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113910,"title":113911,"body":113912,"description":115801,"extension":2150,"meta":115802,"navigation":112,"path":96774,"seo":115803,"stem":115804,"__hash__":115805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113913,"toc":115767},[113914,113919,113924,113932,113934,113992,113997,114002,114006,114018,114021,114095,114100,114102,114104,114123,114125,114142,114145,114172,114174,114244,114248,114250,114256,114258,114319,114324,114326,114383,114387,114392,114457,114459,114479,114486,114490,114495,114580,114583,114590,114693,114697,114702,114760,114763,114774,114788,114795,114853,114860,114863,114873,114877,114935,114939,115005,115008,115066,115073,115080,115083,115087,115096,115165,115169,115175,115263,115273,115277,115281,115285,115288,115349,115354,115411,115415,115417,115452,115459,115461,115515,115522,115526,115529,115594,115603,115609,115666,115668,115673,115677,115681,115684,115691,115699,115703,115708,115712,115718,115720,115755,115764],[10,113915,96161,113917,11490],{"id":113916},"python-set-update-method",[15,113918,15120],{},[20,113920,113921,113923],{},[15,113922,97275],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113925,113926,113927,113931],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[501,113928,113929],{"href":98461},[15,113930,96169],{},", which adds only one item.",[32,113933,3792],{"id":3791},[37,113935,113937],{"className":39,"code":113936,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113938,113939,113955,113977,113987],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,113940,113941,113943,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,113942,53],{"class":52},[46,113944,57],{"class":56},[46,113946,10660],{"class":60},[46,113948,3175],{"class":64},[46,113950,68],{"class":60},[46,113952,71],{"class":64},[46,113954,1105],{"class":60},[46,113956,113957,113959,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,113958,103],{"class":52},[46,113960,507],{"class":60},[46,113962,30632],{"class":102},[46,113964,3172],{"class":60},[46,113966,2243],{"class":64},[46,113968,68],{"class":60},[46,113970,312],{"class":64},[46,113972,68],{"class":60},[46,113974,2643],{"class":64},[46,113976,1161],{"class":60},[46,113978,113979,113981,113983,113985],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,113980,91],{"class":90},[46,113982,94],{"class":60},[46,113984,103],{"class":102},[46,113986,215],{"class":60},[46,113988,113989],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,113990,113991],{"class":3845},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113993,160,113994,113996],{},[15,113995,15120],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[32,113998,167,114000,170],{"id":113999},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114001,97275],{},[20,114003,114004,198],{},[15,114005,97275],{},[172,114007,114008,114011,114013,114016],{},[175,114009,114010],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[175,114012,96276],{},[175,114014,114015],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[175,114017,96279],{},[20,114019,114020],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[37,114022,114024],{"className":39,"code":114023,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114025,114026,114050,114076,114080,114090],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114027,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040,114042,114044,114046,114048],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114029,13243],{"class":52},[46,114031,57],{"class":56},[46,114033,10660],{"class":60},[46,114035,427],{"class":426},[46,114037,13260],{"class":430},[46,114039,427],{"class":426},[46,114041,68],{"class":60},[46,114043,438],{"class":426},[46,114045,13277],{"class":430},[46,114047,427],{"class":426},[46,114049,1105],{"class":60},[46,114051,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114053,17669],{"class":52},[46,114055,507],{"class":60},[46,114057,30632],{"class":102},[46,114059,3172],{"class":60},[46,114061,427],{"class":426},[46,114063,13277],{"class":430},[46,114065,427],{"class":426},[46,114067,68],{"class":60},[46,114069,438],{"class":426},[46,114071,17622],{"class":430},[46,114073,427],{"class":426},[46,114075,1161],{"class":60},[46,114077,114078],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114079,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114081,114082,114084,114086,114088],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114083,91],{"class":90},[46,114085,94],{"class":60},[46,114087,17669],{"class":102},[46,114089,215],{"class":60},[46,114091,114092],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114093,114094],{"class":3845},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114096,21145,114097,114099],{},[15,114098,110995],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[32,114101,2343],{"id":2342},[20,114103,7391],{},[37,114105,114107],{"className":39,"code":114106,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114108,114109],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114110,114111,114113,114115,114117,114119,114121],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114112,15833],{"class":52},[46,114114,507],{"class":60},[46,114116,30632],{"class":102},[46,114118,94],{"class":60},[46,114120,212],{"class":102},[46,114122,215],{"class":60},[20,114124,80351],{},[172,114126,114127,114130,114133,114136,114139],{},[175,114128,114129],{},"A list",[175,114131,114132],{},"A tuple",[175,114134,114135],{},"Another set",[175,114137,114138],{},"A string",[175,114140,114141],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114143,114144],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[37,114146,114148],{"className":39,"code":114147,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114149,114150],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114151,114152,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168,114170],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114153,15833],{"class":52},[46,114155,507],{"class":60},[46,114157,30632],{"class":102},[46,114159,94],{"class":60},[46,114161,501],{"class":102},[46,114163,68],{"class":60},[46,114165,2746],{"class":102},[46,114167,68],{"class":60},[46,114169,9850],{"class":102},[46,114171,215],{"class":60},[20,114173,2393],{},[37,114175,114177],{"className":39,"code":114176,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114178,114179,114191,114225,114229,114239],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114180,114181,114183,114185,114187,114189],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114182,4004],{"class":52},[46,114184,57],{"class":56},[46,114186,10660],{"class":60},[46,114188,3175],{"class":64},[46,114190,1105],{"class":60},[46,114192,114193,114195,114197,114199,114201,114203,114205,114207,114209,114211,114213,114215,114217,114219,114221,114223],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114194,5530],{"class":52},[46,114196,507],{"class":60},[46,114198,30632],{"class":102},[46,114200,3172],{"class":60},[46,114202,2243],{"class":64},[46,114204,68],{"class":60},[46,114206,312],{"class":64},[46,114208,18229],{"class":60},[46,114210,9406],{"class":60},[46,114212,2691],{"class":64},[46,114214,68],{"class":60},[46,114216,1508],{"class":64},[46,114218,9403],{"class":60},[46,114220,10660],{"class":60},[46,114222,80742],{"class":64},[46,114224,30664],{"class":60},[46,114226,114227],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114228,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114230,114231,114233,114235,114237],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114232,91],{"class":90},[46,114234,94],{"class":60},[46,114236,5530],{"class":102},[46,114238,215],{"class":60},[46,114240,114241],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114242,114243],{"class":3845},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114245,96285,114246,507],{},[501,114247,96293],{"href":97844},[32,114249,22137],{"id":22136},[20,114251,114252,2583,114254,507],{},[15,114253,97275],{},[15,114255,1326],{},[20,114257,11883],{},[37,114259,114261],{"className":39,"code":114260,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114262,114263,114279,114301,114305,114315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114264,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114266,53],{"class":52},[46,114268,57],{"class":56},[46,114270,10660],{"class":60},[46,114272,3175],{"class":64},[46,114274,68],{"class":60},[46,114276,71],{"class":64},[46,114278,1105],{"class":60},[46,114280,114281,114283,114285,114287,114289,114291,114293,114295,114297,114299],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114282,2416],{"class":52},[46,114284,57],{"class":56},[46,114286,4437],{"class":52},[46,114288,507],{"class":60},[46,114290,30632],{"class":102},[46,114292,3172],{"class":60},[46,114294,2249],{"class":64},[46,114296,68],{"class":60},[46,114298,2643],{"class":64},[46,114300,1161],{"class":60},[46,114302,114303],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114304,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114306,114307,114309,114311,114313],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114308,91],{"class":90},[46,114310,94],{"class":60},[46,114312,2451],{"class":102},[46,114314,215],{"class":60},[46,114316,114317],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114318,61991],{"class":3845},[20,114320,114321,114322,507],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114323,2451],{},[20,114325,19136],{},[37,114327,114329],{"className":39,"code":114328,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114330,114331,114347,114365,114369,114379],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114332,114333,114335,114337,114339,114341,114343,114345],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114334,53],{"class":52},[46,114336,57],{"class":56},[46,114338,10660],{"class":60},[46,114340,3175],{"class":64},[46,114342,68],{"class":60},[46,114344,71],{"class":64},[46,114346,1105],{"class":60},[46,114348,114349,114351,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114350,103],{"class":52},[46,114352,507],{"class":60},[46,114354,30632],{"class":102},[46,114356,3172],{"class":60},[46,114358,2249],{"class":64},[46,114360,68],{"class":60},[46,114362,2643],{"class":64},[46,114364,1161],{"class":60},[46,114366,114367],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114368,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114370,114371,114373,114375,114377],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114372,91],{"class":90},[46,114374,94],{"class":60},[46,114376,103],{"class":102},[46,114378,215],{"class":60},[46,114380,114381],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114382,113991],{"class":3845},[32,114384,114386],{"id":114385},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114388,114389,114390,507],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114391,15120],{},[37,114393,114395],{"className":39,"code":114394,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114396,114397,114413,114439,114443,114453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114398,114399,114401,114403,114405,114407,114409,114411],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114400,53],{"class":52},[46,114402,57],{"class":56},[46,114404,10660],{"class":60},[46,114406,3175],{"class":64},[46,114408,68],{"class":60},[46,114410,71],{"class":64},[46,114412,1105],{"class":60},[46,114414,114415,114417,114419,114421,114423,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114416,103],{"class":52},[46,114418,507],{"class":60},[46,114420,30632],{"class":102},[46,114422,3172],{"class":60},[46,114424,2243],{"class":64},[46,114426,68],{"class":60},[46,114428,312],{"class":64},[46,114430,68],{"class":60},[46,114432,2643],{"class":64},[46,114434,68],{"class":60},[46,114436,2643],{"class":64},[46,114438,1161],{"class":60},[46,114440,114441],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114442,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114444,114445,114447,114449,114451],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114446,91],{"class":90},[46,114448,94],{"class":60},[46,114450,103],{"class":102},[46,114452,215],{"class":60},[46,114454,114455],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114456,113991],{"class":3845},[20,114458,11852],{},[172,114460,114461,114466,114473],{},[175,114462,114463,114465],{},[15,114464,2243],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[175,114467,114468,2051,114470,114472],{},[15,114469,2249],{},[15,114471,2691],{}," are added",[175,114474,114475,114476,114478],{},"The second ",[15,114477,2691],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114480,114481,114482,114485],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[501,114483,114484],{"href":99038},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[32,114487,114489],{"id":114488},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114491,7935,114492,114494],{},[15,114493,15120],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[37,114496,114498],{"className":39,"code":114497,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114499,114500,114521,114542,114546,114562,114566,114576],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114501,114502,114505,114507,114509,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114503,114504],{"class":52},"set_a ",[46,114506,57],{"class":56},[46,114508,10660],{"class":60},[46,114510,3175],{"class":64},[46,114512,68],{"class":60},[46,114514,71],{"class":64},[46,114516,68],{"class":60},[46,114518,312],{"class":64},[46,114520,1105],{"class":60},[46,114522,114523,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114524,114525],{"class":52},"set_b ",[46,114527,57],{"class":56},[46,114529,10660],{"class":60},[46,114531,2249],{"class":64},[46,114533,68],{"class":60},[46,114535,2643],{"class":64},[46,114537,68],{"class":60},[46,114539,1508],{"class":64},[46,114541,1105],{"class":60},[46,114543,114544],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114545,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114547,114548,114551,114553,114555,114557,114560],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114549,114550],{"class":52},"set_a",[46,114552,507],{"class":60},[46,114554,30632],{"class":102},[46,114556,94],{"class":60},[46,114558,114559],{"class":102},"set_b",[46,114561,215],{"class":60},[46,114563,114564],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114565,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114567,114568,114570,114572,114574],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,114569,91],{"class":90},[46,114571,94],{"class":60},[46,114573,114550],{"class":102},[46,114575,215],{"class":60},[46,114577,114578],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,114579,111952],{"class":3845},[20,114581,114582],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114584,114585,114586,507],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[501,114587,114588],{"href":102757},[15,114589,108004],{},[37,114591,114593],{"className":39,"code":114592,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114594,114595,114615,114635,114639,114659,114663,114674,114678,114688],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114596,114597,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114598,114504],{"class":52},[46,114600,57],{"class":56},[46,114602,10660],{"class":60},[46,114604,3175],{"class":64},[46,114606,68],{"class":60},[46,114608,71],{"class":64},[46,114610,68],{"class":60},[46,114612,312],{"class":64},[46,114614,1105],{"class":60},[46,114616,114617,114619,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114618,114525],{"class":52},[46,114620,57],{"class":56},[46,114622,10660],{"class":60},[46,114624,2249],{"class":64},[46,114626,68],{"class":60},[46,114628,2643],{"class":64},[46,114630,68],{"class":60},[46,114632,1508],{"class":64},[46,114634,1105],{"class":60},[46,114636,114637],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114638,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114640,114641,114644,114646,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114642,114643],{"class":52},"combined ",[46,114645,57],{"class":56},[46,114647,114648],{"class":52}," set_a",[46,114650,507],{"class":60},[46,114652,111230],{"class":102},[46,114654,94],{"class":60},[46,114656,114559],{"class":102},[46,114658,215],{"class":60},[46,114660,114661],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114662,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114664,114665,114667,114669,114672],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,114666,91],{"class":90},[46,114668,94],{"class":60},[46,114670,114671],{"class":102},"combined",[46,114673,215],{"class":60},[46,114675,114676],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,114677,111952],{"class":3845},[46,114679,114680,114682,114684,114686],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,114681,91],{"class":90},[46,114683,94],{"class":60},[46,114685,114550],{"class":102},[46,114687,215],{"class":60},[46,114689,114690],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,114691,114692],{"class":3845},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[32,114694,114696],{"id":114695},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114698,64900,114699,114701],{},[15,114700,15120],{}," adds each character separately.",[37,114703,114705],{"className":39,"code":114704,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114706,114707,114723,114741,114745,114755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114708,114709,114711,114713,114715,114717,114719,114721],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114710,36259],{"class":52},[46,114712,57],{"class":56},[46,114714,10660],{"class":60},[46,114716,427],{"class":426},[46,114718,1589],{"class":430},[46,114720,427],{"class":426},[46,114722,1105],{"class":60},[46,114724,114725,114727,114729,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114726,36312],{"class":52},[46,114728,507],{"class":60},[46,114730,30632],{"class":102},[46,114732,94],{"class":60},[46,114734,427],{"class":426},[46,114736,934],{"class":430},[46,114738,427],{"class":426},[46,114740,215],{"class":60},[46,114742,114743],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114744,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114746,114747,114749,114751,114753],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114748,91],{"class":90},[46,114750,94],{"class":60},[46,114752,36312],{"class":102},[46,114754,215],{"class":60},[46,114756,114757],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114758,114759],{"class":3845},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114761,114762],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114764,114765,14221,114768,114770,114771,114773],{},[15,114766,114767],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3924,114769,4805],{}," add ",[15,114772,112997],{}," as one item. It adds:",[172,114775,114776,114780,114784],{},[175,114777,114778],{},[15,114779,66641],{},[175,114781,114782],{},[15,114783,18263],{},[175,114785,114786],{},[15,114787,113013],{},[20,114789,114790,114791,198],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[501,114792,114793],{"href":98461},[15,114794,96169],{},[37,114796,114798],{"className":39,"code":114797,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114799,114800,114816,114834,114838,114848],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114801,114802,114804,114806,114808,114810,114812,114814],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114803,419],{"class":52},[46,114805,57],{"class":56},[46,114807,10660],{"class":60},[46,114809,427],{"class":426},[46,114811,58288],{"class":430},[46,114813,427],{"class":426},[46,114815,1105],{"class":60},[46,114817,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828,114830,114832],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114819,467],{"class":52},[46,114821,507],{"class":60},[46,114823,82254],{"class":102},[46,114825,94],{"class":60},[46,114827,427],{"class":426},[46,114829,934],{"class":430},[46,114831,427],{"class":426},[46,114833,215],{"class":60},[46,114835,114836],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114837,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114839,114840,114842,114844,114846],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114841,91],{"class":90},[46,114843,94],{"class":60},[46,114845,467],{"class":102},[46,114847,215],{"class":60},[46,114849,114850],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114851,114852],{"class":3845},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[32,114854,114856,10755,114858],{"id":114855},"update-vs-add",[15,114857,15120],{},[15,114859,96164],{},[20,114861,114862],{},"The difference is simple:",[172,114864,114865,114869],{},[175,114866,114867,96763],{},[15,114868,96164],{},[175,114870,114871,96768],{},[15,114872,15120],{},[20,114874,46205,114875,198],{},[15,114876,96164],{},[37,114878,114880],{"className":39,"code":114879,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114881,114882,114898,114916,114920,114930],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114883,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894,114896],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114885,36408],{"class":52},[46,114887,57],{"class":56},[46,114889,10660],{"class":60},[46,114891,427],{"class":426},[46,114893,756],{"class":430},[46,114895,427],{"class":426},[46,114897,1105],{"class":60},[46,114899,114900,114902,114904,114906,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114901,36460],{"class":52},[46,114903,507],{"class":60},[46,114905,82254],{"class":102},[46,114907,94],{"class":60},[46,114909,427],{"class":426},[46,114911,450],{"class":430},[46,114913,427],{"class":426},[46,114915,215],{"class":60},[46,114917,114918],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114919,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114921,114922,114924,114926,114928],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114923,91],{"class":90},[46,114925,94],{"class":60},[46,114927,36460],{"class":102},[46,114929,215],{"class":60},[46,114931,114932],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,114933,114934],{"class":3845},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114936,46205,114937,198],{},[15,114938,15120],{},[37,114940,114942],{"className":39,"code":114941,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114943,114944,114960,114986,114990,115000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,114945,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956,114958],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,114947,36408],{"class":52},[46,114949,57],{"class":56},[46,114951,10660],{"class":60},[46,114953,427],{"class":426},[46,114955,756],{"class":430},[46,114957,427],{"class":426},[46,114959,1105],{"class":60},[46,114961,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974,114976,114978,114980,114982,114984],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,114963,36460],{"class":52},[46,114965,507],{"class":60},[46,114967,30632],{"class":102},[46,114969,3172],{"class":60},[46,114971,427],{"class":426},[46,114973,450],{"class":430},[46,114975,427],{"class":426},[46,114977,68],{"class":60},[46,114979,438],{"class":426},[46,114981,33389],{"class":430},[46,114983,427],{"class":426},[46,114985,1161],{"class":60},[46,114987,114988],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,114989,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,114991,114992,114994,114996,114998],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,114993,91],{"class":90},[46,114995,94],{"class":60},[46,114997,36460],{"class":102},[46,114999,215],{"class":60},[46,115001,115002],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115003,115004],{"class":3845},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115006,115007],{},"Important warning with strings:",[37,115009,115011],{"className":39,"code":115010,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115012,115013,115029,115047,115051,115061],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115014,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023,115025,115027],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115016,36408],{"class":52},[46,115018,57],{"class":56},[46,115020,10660],{"class":60},[46,115022,427],{"class":426},[46,115024,756],{"class":430},[46,115026,427],{"class":426},[46,115028,1105],{"class":60},[46,115030,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039,115041,115043,115045],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115032,36460],{"class":52},[46,115034,507],{"class":60},[46,115036,30632],{"class":102},[46,115038,94],{"class":60},[46,115040,427],{"class":426},[46,115042,441],{"class":430},[46,115044,427],{"class":426},[46,115046,215],{"class":60},[46,115048,115049],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115050,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115052,115053,115055,115057,115059],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115054,91],{"class":90},[46,115056,94],{"class":60},[46,115058,36460],{"class":102},[46,115060,215],{"class":60},[46,115062,115063],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115064,115065],{"class":3845},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115067,62266,115068,62339,115071,6803],{},[15,115069,115070],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115072,96164],{},[32,115074,115076,10755,115078],{"id":115075},"update-vs-union",[15,115077,15120],{},[15,115079,102760],{},[20,115081,115082],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[283,115084,115085],{"id":30632},[15,115086,15120],{},[172,115088,115089,115092],{},[175,115090,115091],{},"Changes the existing set",[175,115093,11592,115094],{},[15,115095,1326],{},[37,115097,115099],{"className":39,"code":115098,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115100,115101,115117,115133,115137,115151,115161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115102,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111,115113,115115],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115104,2741],{"class":52},[46,115106,57],{"class":56},[46,115108,10660],{"class":60},[46,115110,3175],{"class":64},[46,115112,68],{"class":60},[46,115114,71],{"class":64},[46,115116,1105],{"class":60},[46,115118,115119,115121,115123,115125,115127,115129,115131],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115120,2769],{"class":52},[46,115122,57],{"class":56},[46,115124,10660],{"class":60},[46,115126,2243],{"class":64},[46,115128,68],{"class":60},[46,115130,312],{"class":64},[46,115132,1105],{"class":60},[46,115134,115135],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115136,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115138,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147,115149],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115140,501],{"class":52},[46,115142,507],{"class":60},[46,115144,30632],{"class":102},[46,115146,94],{"class":60},[46,115148,4935],{"class":102},[46,115150,215],{"class":60},[46,115152,115153,115155,115157,115159],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115154,91],{"class":90},[46,115156,94],{"class":60},[46,115158,501],{"class":102},[46,115160,215],{"class":60},[46,115162,115163],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,115164,114692],{"class":3845},[283,115166,115167],{"id":111230},[15,115168,102760],{},[172,115170,115171,115173],{},[175,115172,101298],{},[175,115174,101301],{},[37,115176,115178],{"className":39,"code":115177,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115179,115180,115196,115212,115216,115234,115244,115248,115258],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115181,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115183,2741],{"class":52},[46,115185,57],{"class":56},[46,115187,10660],{"class":60},[46,115189,3175],{"class":64},[46,115191,68],{"class":60},[46,115193,71],{"class":64},[46,115195,1105],{"class":60},[46,115197,115198,115200,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115199,2769],{"class":52},[46,115201,57],{"class":56},[46,115203,10660],{"class":60},[46,115205,2243],{"class":64},[46,115207,68],{"class":60},[46,115209,312],{"class":64},[46,115211,1105],{"class":60},[46,115213,115214],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115215,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115217,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115219,83329],{"class":52},[46,115221,57],{"class":56},[46,115223,57049],{"class":52},[46,115225,507],{"class":60},[46,115227,111230],{"class":102},[46,115229,94],{"class":60},[46,115231,4935],{"class":102},[46,115233,215],{"class":60},[46,115235,115236,115238,115240,115242],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115237,91],{"class":90},[46,115239,94],{"class":60},[46,115241,9908],{"class":102},[46,115243,215],{"class":60},[46,115245,115246],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,115247,114692],{"class":3845},[46,115249,115250,115252,115254,115256],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,115251,91],{"class":90},[46,115253,94],{"class":60},[46,115255,501],{"class":102},[46,115257,215],{"class":60},[46,115259,115260],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,115261,115262],{"class":3845},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115264,107646,115265,115267,115268,115272],{},[15,115266,15120],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[501,115269,115270],{"href":102757},[15,115271,102760],{}," when you want a new set.",[32,115274,115276],{"id":115275},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115278,10915,115279,507],{},[15,115280,97275],{},[283,115282,115284],{"id":115283},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115286,115287],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[37,115289,115291],{"className":39,"code":115290,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115292,115293,115309,115331,115335,115345],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115294,115295,115297,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115296,15795],{"class":52},[46,115298,57],{"class":56},[46,115300,10660],{"class":60},[46,115302,3175],{"class":64},[46,115304,68],{"class":60},[46,115306,71],{"class":64},[46,115308,1105],{"class":60},[46,115310,115311,115313,115315,115317,115319,115321,115323,115325,115327,115329],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115312,2416],{"class":52},[46,115314,57],{"class":56},[46,115316,96885],{"class":52},[46,115318,507],{"class":60},[46,115320,30632],{"class":102},[46,115322,3172],{"class":60},[46,115324,2249],{"class":64},[46,115326,68],{"class":60},[46,115328,2643],{"class":64},[46,115330,1161],{"class":60},[46,115332,115333],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115334,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115336,115337,115339,115341,115343],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115338,91],{"class":90},[46,115340,94],{"class":60},[46,115342,2451],{"class":102},[46,115344,215],{"class":60},[46,115346,115347],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115348,61991],{"class":3845},[20,115350,115351,115352,198],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115353,15120],{},[37,115355,115357],{"className":39,"code":115356,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115358,115359,115375,115393,115397,115407],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115360,115361,115363,115365,115367,115369,115371,115373],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115362,15795],{"class":52},[46,115364,57],{"class":56},[46,115366,10660],{"class":60},[46,115368,3175],{"class":64},[46,115370,68],{"class":60},[46,115372,71],{"class":64},[46,115374,1105],{"class":60},[46,115376,115377,115379,115381,115383,115385,115387,115389,115391],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115378,15833],{"class":52},[46,115380,507],{"class":60},[46,115382,30632],{"class":102},[46,115384,3172],{"class":60},[46,115386,2249],{"class":64},[46,115388,68],{"class":60},[46,115390,2643],{"class":64},[46,115392,1161],{"class":60},[46,115394,115395],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115396,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115398,115399,115401,115403,115405],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115400,91],{"class":90},[46,115402,94],{"class":60},[46,115404,15833],{"class":102},[46,115406,215],{"class":60},[46,115408,115409],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115410,113991],{"class":3845},[283,115412,115414],{"id":115413},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115416,3023],{},[37,115418,115420],{"className":39,"code":115419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115421,115422,115438],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115423,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115425,15795],{"class":52},[46,115427,57],{"class":56},[46,115429,10660],{"class":60},[46,115431,3175],{"class":64},[46,115433,68],{"class":60},[46,115435,71],{"class":64},[46,115437,1105],{"class":60},[46,115439,115440,115442,115444,115446,115448,115450],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115441,15833],{"class":52},[46,115443,507],{"class":60},[46,115445,30632],{"class":102},[46,115447,94],{"class":60},[46,115449,65],{"class":64},[46,115451,215],{"class":60},[20,115453,62445,115454,8773,115456,115458],{},[15,115455,1638],{},[15,115457,65],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115460,6726],{},[37,115462,115464],{"className":39,"code":115463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115465,115466,115482,115496,115500,115510],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115467,115468,115470,115472,115474,115476,115478,115480],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115469,15795],{"class":52},[46,115471,57],{"class":56},[46,115473,10660],{"class":60},[46,115475,3175],{"class":64},[46,115477,68],{"class":60},[46,115479,71],{"class":64},[46,115481,1105],{"class":60},[46,115483,115484,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115485,15833],{"class":52},[46,115487,507],{"class":60},[46,115489,30632],{"class":102},[46,115491,3172],{"class":60},[46,115493,65],{"class":64},[46,115495,1161],{"class":60},[46,115497,115498],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115499,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115501,115502,115504,115506,115508],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115503,91],{"class":90},[46,115505,94],{"class":60},[46,115507,15833],{"class":102},[46,115509,215],{"class":60},[46,115511,115512],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115513,115514],{"class":3845},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115516,46078,115517,507],{},[501,115518,25847,115519],{"href":52762},[15,115520,115521],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[283,115523,115525],{"id":115524},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115527,115528],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[37,115530,115532],{"className":39,"code":115531,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115533,115534,115550,115576,115580,115590],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115535,115536,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115537,15795],{"class":52},[46,115539,57],{"class":56},[46,115541,10660],{"class":60},[46,115543,3175],{"class":64},[46,115545,68],{"class":60},[46,115547,71],{"class":64},[46,115549,1105],{"class":60},[46,115551,115552,115554,115556,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566,115568,115570,115572,115574],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115553,15833],{"class":52},[46,115555,507],{"class":60},[46,115557,30632],{"class":102},[46,115559,3172],{"class":60},[46,115561,2243],{"class":64},[46,115563,68],{"class":60},[46,115565,71],{"class":64},[46,115567,68],{"class":60},[46,115569,71],{"class":64},[46,115571,68],{"class":60},[46,115573,312],{"class":64},[46,115575,1161],{"class":60},[46,115577,115578],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115579,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115581,115582,115584,115586,115588],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115583,91],{"class":90},[46,115585,94],{"class":60},[46,115587,15833],{"class":102},[46,115589,215],{"class":60},[46,115591,115592],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115593,114692],{"class":3845},[283,115595,115597,115598,44794,115600,115602],{"id":115596},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115599,15120],{},[15,115601,96164],{}," is better",[20,115604,115605,115606,115608],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115607,96164],{}," is usually the better choice.",[37,115610,115612],{"className":39,"code":115611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115613,115614,115630,115648,115652,115662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115615,115616,115618,115620,115622,115624,115626,115628],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115617,15795],{"class":52},[46,115619,57],{"class":56},[46,115621,10660],{"class":60},[46,115623,427],{"class":426},[46,115625,58288],{"class":430},[46,115627,427],{"class":426},[46,115629,1105],{"class":60},[46,115631,115632,115634,115636,115638,115640,115642,115644,115646],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115633,15833],{"class":52},[46,115635,507],{"class":60},[46,115637,82254],{"class":102},[46,115639,94],{"class":60},[46,115641,427],{"class":426},[46,115643,934],{"class":430},[46,115645,427],{"class":426},[46,115647,215],{"class":60},[46,115649,115650],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115651,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115653,115654,115656,115658,115660],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115655,91],{"class":90},[46,115657,94],{"class":60},[46,115659,15833],{"class":102},[46,115661,215],{"class":60},[46,115663,115664],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115665,114852],{"class":3845},[32,115667,1991],{"id":1990},[283,115669,12872,115671,97254],{"id":115670},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115672,97275],{},[20,115674,97257,115675,507],{},[15,115676,1326],{},[283,115678,28496,115679,32394],{"id":32391},[15,115680,15120],{},[20,115682,115683],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[283,115685,2048,115687,2051,115689,2035],{"id":115686},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115688,96164],{},[15,115690,15120],{},[20,115692,115693,115695,115696,115698],{},[15,115694,96164],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115697,15120],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[283,115700,115702],{"id":115701},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115704,115705,115706,114701],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115707,15120],{},[283,115709,115711],{"id":115710},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115713,160,115714,11260,115716,507],{},[15,115715,102760],{},[15,115717,15120],{},[32,115719,2065],{"id":2064},[172,115721,115722,115729,115736,115742,115748],{},[175,115723,115724],{},[501,115725,115726],{"href":98461},[15,115727,115728],{},"Python set add() method",[175,115730,115731],{},[501,115732,115733],{"href":102757},[15,115734,115735],{},"Python set union() method",[175,115737,115738],{},[501,115739,115740],{"href":97844},[15,115741,97299],{},[175,115743,115744],{},[501,115745,115746],{"href":99038},[15,115747,100305],{},[175,115749,115750],{},[501,115751,115752,115754],{"href":52762},[15,115753,115521],{}," fix",[20,115756,115757,115758,115760,115761,115763],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115759,96169],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115762,108004],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2103,115765,115766],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":115768},[115769,115770,115772,115773,115774,115775,115776,115777,115779,115784,115791,115800],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":113999,"depth":87,"text":115771},"What set.update() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":22136,"depth":87,"text":22137},{"id":114385,"depth":87,"text":114386},{"id":114488,"depth":87,"text":114489},{"id":114695,"depth":87,"text":114696},{"id":114855,"depth":87,"text":115778},"update() vs add()",{"id":115075,"depth":87,"text":115780,"children":115781},"update() vs union()",[115782,115783],{"id":30632,"depth":109,"text":15120},{"id":111230,"depth":109,"text":102760},{"id":115275,"depth":87,"text":115276,"children":115785},[115786,115787,115788,115789],{"id":115283,"depth":109,"text":115284},{"id":115413,"depth":109,"text":115414},{"id":115524,"depth":109,"text":115525},{"id":115596,"depth":109,"text":115790},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":115792},[115793,115795,115796,115798,115799],{"id":115670,"depth":109,"text":115794},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32391,"depth":109,"text":32464},{"id":115686,"depth":109,"text":115797},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115701,"depth":109,"text":115702},{"id":115710,"depth":109,"text":115711},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113911,"description":115801},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115807,"title":115808,"body":115809,"description":117575,"extension":2150,"meta":117576,"navigation":112,"path":13957,"seo":117577,"stem":117578,"__hash__":117579},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115810,"toc":117550},[115811,115814,115817,115820,115831,115839,115842,115844,115993,116005,116009,116026,116030,116038,116040,116051,116053,116150,116156,116159,116255,116264,116269,116273,116278,116280,116290,116292,116401,116409,116413,116416,116419,116436,116442,116522,116525,116529,116532,116536,116539,116598,116601,116605,116608,116700,116704,116707,116814,116818,116824,116852,116854,116936,116946,116950,116953,116964,116967,117052,117055,117060,117064,117067,117078,117081,117223,117226,117230,117233,117247,117250,117311,117317,117319,117322,117344,117347,117447,117450,117482,117484,117488,117491,117493,117496,117500,117503,117507,117510,117514,117517,117519,117547],[10,115812,115808],{"id":115813},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115815,115816],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115818,115819],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[172,115821,115822,115825,115828],{},[175,115823,115824],{},"a list inside another list",[175,115826,115827],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[175,115829,115830],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115832,100227,115833,2051,115835,115838],{},[3924,115834,13019],{},[3924,115836,115837],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115840,115841],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[32,115843,35],{"id":34},[37,115845,115847],{"className":39,"code":115846,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115848,115849,115856,115860,115886,115906,115926,115930,115948,115952,115965,115979],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,115850,115851,115853],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,115852,35260],{"class":1595},[46,115854,115855],{"class":52}," copy\n",[46,115857,115858],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,115859,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115861,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,115863,12254],{"class":52},[46,115865,57],{"class":56},[46,115867,56456],{"class":60},[46,115869,3175],{"class":64},[46,115871,68],{"class":60},[46,115873,71],{"class":64},[46,115875,18229],{"class":60},[46,115877,61],{"class":60},[46,115879,2249],{"class":64},[46,115881,68],{"class":60},[46,115883,2643],{"class":64},[46,115885,53405],{"class":60},[46,115887,115888,115891,115893,115896,115898,115900,115902,115904],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,115889,115890],{"class":52},"shallow ",[46,115892,57],{"class":56},[46,115894,115895],{"class":52}," copy",[46,115897,507],{"class":60},[46,115899,13078],{"class":102},[46,115901,94],{"class":60},[46,115903,12301],{"class":102},[46,115905,215],{"class":60},[46,115907,115908,115911,115913,115915,115917,115920,115922,115924],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,115909,115910],{"class":52},"deep ",[46,115912,57],{"class":56},[46,115914,115895],{"class":52},[46,115916,507],{"class":60},[46,115918,115919],{"class":102},"deepcopy",[46,115921,94],{"class":60},[46,115923,12301],{"class":102},[46,115925,215],{"class":60},[46,115927,115928],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,115929,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115931,115932,115934,115936,115938,115940,115942,115944,115946],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,115933,12301],{"class":52},[46,115935,1152],{"class":60},[46,115937,554],{"class":64},[46,115939,13717],{"class":60},[46,115941,13720],{"class":102},[46,115943,94],{"class":60},[46,115945,56509],{"class":64},[46,115947,215],{"class":60},[46,115949,115950],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,115951,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,115953,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,115955,91],{"class":90},[46,115957,94],{"class":60},[46,115959,12301],{"class":102},[46,115961,1592],{"class":60},[46,115963,115964],{"class":3845},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[46,115966,115967,115969,115971,115974,115976],{"class":48,"line":6608},[46,115968,91],{"class":90},[46,115970,94],{"class":60},[46,115972,115973],{"class":102},"shallow",[46,115975,1592],{"class":60},[46,115977,115978],{"class":3845},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[46,115980,115981,115983,115985,115988,115990],{"class":48,"line":11763},[46,115982,91],{"class":90},[46,115984,94],{"class":60},[46,115986,115987],{"class":102},"deep",[46,115989,1592],{"class":60},[46,115991,115992],{"class":3845},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115994,160,115995,115998,115999,2051,116001,116004],{},[15,115996,115997],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3924,116000,13019],{},[15,116002,116003],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[32,116006,116008],{"id":116007},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[172,116010,116011,116014,116017,116020,116023],{},[175,116012,116013],{},"What a copy means in Python",[175,116015,116016],{},"How shallow copy works",[175,116018,116019],{},"How deep copy works",[175,116021,116022],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[175,116024,116025],{},"When to use each approach",[32,116027,116029],{"id":116028},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116031,15355,116032,116034,116035,116037],{},[3924,116033,13019],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3924,116036,4805],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116039,2293],{},[172,116041,116042,116045,116048],{},[175,116043,116044],{},"the outer container is new",[175,116046,116047],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[175,116049,116050],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116052,2393],{},[37,116054,116056],{"className":39,"code":116055,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116057,116058,116084,116098,116102,116120,116124,116137],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116059,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072,116074,116076,116078,116080,116082],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116061,12254],{"class":52},[46,116063,57],{"class":56},[46,116065,56456],{"class":60},[46,116067,3175],{"class":64},[46,116069,68],{"class":60},[46,116071,71],{"class":64},[46,116073,18229],{"class":60},[46,116075,61],{"class":60},[46,116077,2249],{"class":64},[46,116079,68],{"class":60},[46,116081,2643],{"class":64},[46,116083,53405],{"class":60},[46,116085,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116087,14479],{"class":52},[46,116089,57],{"class":56},[46,116091,12329],{"class":52},[46,116093,507],{"class":60},[46,116095,13078],{"class":102},[46,116097,8814],{"class":60},[46,116099,116100],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116101,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116103,116104,116106,116108,116110,116112,116114,116116,116118],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116105,14498],{"class":52},[46,116107,507],{"class":60},[46,116109,13720],{"class":102},[46,116111,3172],{"class":60},[46,116113,65],{"class":64},[46,116115,68],{"class":60},[46,116117,37811],{"class":64},[46,116119,1161],{"class":60},[46,116121,116122],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,116123,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116125,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,116127,91],{"class":90},[46,116129,94],{"class":60},[46,116131,12301],{"class":102},[46,116133,1592],{"class":60},[46,116135,116136],{"class":3845},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[46,116138,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,116140,91],{"class":90},[46,116142,94],{"class":60},[46,116144,14498],{"class":102},[46,116146,1592],{"class":60},[46,116148,116149],{"class":3845},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116151,116152,116153,116155],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116154,14498],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116157,116158],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[37,116160,116162],{"className":39,"code":116161,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116163,116164,116190,116204,116208,116226,116230,116242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116165,116166,116168,116170,116172,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116167,12254],{"class":52},[46,116169,57],{"class":56},[46,116171,56456],{"class":60},[46,116173,3175],{"class":64},[46,116175,68],{"class":60},[46,116177,71],{"class":64},[46,116179,18229],{"class":60},[46,116181,61],{"class":60},[46,116183,2249],{"class":64},[46,116185,68],{"class":60},[46,116187,2643],{"class":64},[46,116189,53405],{"class":60},[46,116191,116192,116194,116196,116198,116200,116202],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116193,14479],{"class":52},[46,116195,57],{"class":56},[46,116197,12329],{"class":52},[46,116199,507],{"class":60},[46,116201,13078],{"class":102},[46,116203,8814],{"class":60},[46,116205,116206],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116207,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116209,116210,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116211,14498],{"class":52},[46,116213,1152],{"class":60},[46,116215,554],{"class":64},[46,116217,13717],{"class":60},[46,116219,13720],{"class":102},[46,116221,94],{"class":60},[46,116223,56509],{"class":64},[46,116225,215],{"class":60},[46,116227,116228],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,116229,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116231,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,116233,91],{"class":90},[46,116235,94],{"class":60},[46,116237,12301],{"class":102},[46,116239,1592],{"class":60},[46,116241,115964],{"class":3845},[46,116243,116244,116246,116248,116250,116252],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,116245,91],{"class":90},[46,116247,94],{"class":60},[46,116249,14498],{"class":102},[46,116251,1592],{"class":60},[46,116253,116254],{"class":3845},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116256,116257,116258,2051,116260,116263],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116259,56613],{},[15,116261,116262],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116265,116266,116267,507],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[501,116268,44100],{"href":12233},[32,116270,116272],{"id":116271},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116274,15355,116275,116277],{},[3924,116276,115837],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116279,2293],{},[172,116281,116282,116284,116287],{},[175,116283,116044],{},[175,116285,116286],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[175,116288,116289],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116291,2393],{},[37,116293,116295],{"className":39,"code":116294,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116296,116297,116303,116307,116333,116351,116355,116373,116377,116389],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116298,116299,116301],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116300,35260],{"class":1595},[46,116302,115855],{"class":52},[46,116304,116305],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116306,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116308,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116310,12254],{"class":52},[46,116312,57],{"class":56},[46,116314,56456],{"class":60},[46,116316,3175],{"class":64},[46,116318,68],{"class":60},[46,116320,71],{"class":64},[46,116322,18229],{"class":60},[46,116324,61],{"class":60},[46,116326,2249],{"class":64},[46,116328,68],{"class":60},[46,116330,2643],{"class":64},[46,116332,53405],{"class":60},[46,116334,116335,116337,116339,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116336,14479],{"class":52},[46,116338,57],{"class":56},[46,116340,115895],{"class":52},[46,116342,507],{"class":60},[46,116344,115919],{"class":102},[46,116346,94],{"class":60},[46,116348,12301],{"class":102},[46,116350,215],{"class":60},[46,116352,116353],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,116354,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116356,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,116358,14498],{"class":52},[46,116360,1152],{"class":60},[46,116362,554],{"class":64},[46,116364,13717],{"class":60},[46,116366,13720],{"class":102},[46,116368,94],{"class":60},[46,116370,56509],{"class":64},[46,116372,215],{"class":60},[46,116374,116375],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,116376,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116378,116379,116381,116383,116385,116387],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,116380,91],{"class":90},[46,116382,94],{"class":60},[46,116384,12301],{"class":102},[46,116386,1592],{"class":60},[46,116388,116136],{"class":3845},[46,116390,116391,116393,116395,116397,116399],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,116392,91],{"class":90},[46,116394,94],{"class":60},[46,116396,14498],{"class":102},[46,116398,1592],{"class":60},[46,116400,116254],{"class":3845},[20,116402,116403,116404,116406,116407,507],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116405,116262],{}," does not change ",[15,116408,56613],{},[32,116410,116412],{"id":116411},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116414,116415],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116417,116418],{},"Common reasons:",[172,116420,116421,116424,116427,116433],{},[175,116422,116423],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[175,116425,116426],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[175,116428,116429,116430,116432],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116431,57],{}," does not make a copy",[175,116434,116435],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116437,116438,116439,116441],{},"For example, this does ",[3924,116440,4805],{}," create a copy:",[37,116443,116445],{"className":39,"code":116444,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116446,116447,116467,116475,116479,116493,116497,116509],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116448,116449,116451,116453,116455,116457,116459,116461,116463,116465],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116450,12254],{"class":52},[46,116452,57],{"class":56},[46,116454,61],{"class":60},[46,116456,3175],{"class":64},[46,116458,68],{"class":60},[46,116460,71],{"class":64},[46,116462,68],{"class":60},[46,116464,312],{"class":64},[46,116466,84],{"class":60},[46,116468,116469,116471,116473],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116470,14479],{"class":52},[46,116472,57],{"class":56},[46,116474,12292],{"class":52},[46,116476,116477],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116478,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116480,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489,116491],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116482,14498],{"class":52},[46,116484,507],{"class":60},[46,116486,13720],{"class":102},[46,116488,94],{"class":60},[46,116490,2691],{"class":64},[46,116492,215],{"class":60},[46,116494,116495],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,116496,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116498,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,116500,91],{"class":90},[46,116502,94],{"class":60},[46,116504,12301],{"class":102},[46,116506,1592],{"class":60},[46,116508,55863],{"class":3845},[46,116510,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,116512,91],{"class":90},[46,116514,94],{"class":60},[46,116516,14498],{"class":102},[46,116518,1592],{"class":60},[46,116520,116521],{"class":3845},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116523,116524],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[32,116526,116528],{"id":116527},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116530,116531],{},"These three ideas are different.",[283,116533,116535],{"id":116534},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116537,116538],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[37,116540,116542],{"className":39,"code":116541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116543,116544,116570,116578,116582],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116545,116546,116548,116550,116552,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116547,12254],{"class":52},[46,116549,57],{"class":56},[46,116551,56456],{"class":60},[46,116553,3175],{"class":64},[46,116555,68],{"class":60},[46,116557,71],{"class":64},[46,116559,18229],{"class":60},[46,116561,61],{"class":60},[46,116563,2249],{"class":64},[46,116565,68],{"class":60},[46,116567,2643],{"class":64},[46,116569,53405],{"class":60},[46,116571,116572,116574,116576],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116573,14270],{"class":52},[46,116575,57],{"class":56},[46,116577,12292],{"class":52},[46,116579,116580],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116581,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116583,116584,116586,116588,116590,116592,116594,116596],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116585,91],{"class":90},[46,116587,94],{"class":60},[46,116589,12254],{"class":102},[46,116591,1283],{"class":1595},[46,116593,14338],{"class":102},[46,116595,1592],{"class":60},[46,116597,3846],{"class":3845},[20,116599,116600],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[283,116602,116604],{"id":116603},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116606,116607],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[37,116609,116611],{"className":39,"code":116610,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116612,116613,116639,116653,116657,116674],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116614,116615,116617,116619,116621,116623,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635,116637],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116616,12254],{"class":52},[46,116618,57],{"class":56},[46,116620,56456],{"class":60},[46,116622,3175],{"class":64},[46,116624,68],{"class":60},[46,116626,71],{"class":64},[46,116628,18229],{"class":60},[46,116630,61],{"class":60},[46,116632,2249],{"class":64},[46,116634,68],{"class":60},[46,116636,2643],{"class":64},[46,116638,53405],{"class":60},[46,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116642,115890],{"class":52},[46,116644,57],{"class":56},[46,116646,12329],{"class":52},[46,116648,507],{"class":60},[46,116650,13078],{"class":102},[46,116652,8814],{"class":60},[46,116654,116655],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116656,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116658,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116670,116672],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116660,91],{"class":90},[46,116662,94],{"class":60},[46,116664,12254],{"class":102},[46,116666,1283],{"class":1595},[46,116668,116669],{"class":102}," shallow",[46,116671,1592],{"class":60},[46,116673,21368],{"class":3845},[46,116675,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,116677,91],{"class":90},[46,116679,94],{"class":60},[46,116681,12301],{"class":102},[46,116683,1152],{"class":60},[46,116685,554],{"class":64},[46,116687,13441],{"class":60},[46,116689,8268],{"class":1595},[46,116691,116669],{"class":102},[46,116693,1152],{"class":60},[46,116695,554],{"class":64},[46,116697,20613],{"class":60},[46,116699,3846],{"class":3845},[283,116701,116703],{"id":116702},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116705,116706],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[37,116708,116710],{"className":39,"code":116709,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116711,116712,116718,116722,116748,116766,116770,116788],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116713,116714,116716],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116715,35260],{"class":1595},[46,116717,115855],{"class":52},[46,116719,116720],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116721,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116723,116724,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116746],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116725,12254],{"class":52},[46,116727,57],{"class":56},[46,116729,56456],{"class":60},[46,116731,3175],{"class":64},[46,116733,68],{"class":60},[46,116735,71],{"class":64},[46,116737,18229],{"class":60},[46,116739,61],{"class":60},[46,116741,2249],{"class":64},[46,116743,68],{"class":60},[46,116745,2643],{"class":64},[46,116747,53405],{"class":60},[46,116749,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116751,115910],{"class":52},[46,116753,57],{"class":56},[46,116755,115895],{"class":52},[46,116757,507],{"class":60},[46,116759,115919],{"class":102},[46,116761,94],{"class":60},[46,116763,12301],{"class":102},[46,116765,215],{"class":60},[46,116767,116768],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,116769,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116771,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780,116783,116785],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,116773,91],{"class":90},[46,116775,94],{"class":60},[46,116777,12254],{"class":102},[46,116779,1283],{"class":1595},[46,116781,116782],{"class":102}," deep",[46,116784,1592],{"class":60},[46,116786,116787],{"class":3845},"         # False\n",[46,116789,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810,116812],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,116791,91],{"class":90},[46,116793,94],{"class":60},[46,116795,12301],{"class":102},[46,116797,1152],{"class":60},[46,116799,554],{"class":64},[46,116801,13441],{"class":60},[46,116803,8268],{"class":1595},[46,116805,116782],{"class":102},[46,116807,1152],{"class":60},[46,116809,554],{"class":64},[46,116811,20613],{"class":60},[46,116813,44036],{"class":3845},[32,116815,116817],{"id":116816},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116819,116820,116821,198],{},"These all make ",[3924,116822,116823],{},"shallow copies",[172,116825,116826,116830,116834,116839,116845],{},[175,116827,116828],{},[15,116829,55763],{},[175,116831,116832],{},[15,116833,12602],{},[175,116835,116836],{},[15,116837,116838],{},"set.copy()",[175,116840,116841,116842],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116843,116844],{},"my_list[:]",[175,116846,116847,116849,116850,35250],{},[15,116848,115997],{}," from the ",[15,116851,13078],{},[20,116853,2311],{},[37,116855,116857],{"className":39,"code":116856,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116858,116859,116879,116883,116897,116908,116912,116924],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116860,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873,116875,116877],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116862,53],{"class":52},[46,116864,57],{"class":56},[46,116866,61],{"class":60},[46,116868,3175],{"class":64},[46,116870,68],{"class":60},[46,116872,71],{"class":64},[46,116874,68],{"class":60},[46,116876,312],{"class":64},[46,116878,84],{"class":60},[46,116880,116881],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116882,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116884,116885,116887,116889,116891,116893,116895],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,116886,2741],{"class":52},[46,116888,57],{"class":56},[46,116890,4437],{"class":52},[46,116892,507],{"class":60},[46,116894,13078],{"class":102},[46,116896,8814],{"class":60},[46,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,116900,2769],{"class":52},[46,116902,57],{"class":56},[46,116904,4437],{"class":52},[46,116906,116907],{"class":60},"[:]\n",[46,116909,116910],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,116911,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,116913,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,116915,91],{"class":90},[46,116917,94],{"class":60},[46,116919,501],{"class":102},[46,116921,1592],{"class":60},[46,116923,55094],{"class":3845},[46,116925,116926,116928,116930,116932,116934],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,116927,91],{"class":90},[46,116929,94],{"class":60},[46,116931,4935],{"class":102},[46,116933,1592],{"class":60},[46,116935,55094],{"class":3845},[20,116937,73296,116938,47696,116942,507],{},[501,116939,116940,10910],{"href":55122},[15,116941,55763],{},[501,116943,116944,10910],{"href":12599},[15,116945,12602],{},[32,116947,116949],{"id":116948},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116951,116952],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[172,116954,116955,116958,116961],{},[175,116956,116957],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[175,116959,116960],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[175,116962,116963],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116965,116966],{},"Example with a flat list:",[37,116968,116970],{"className":39,"code":116969,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116971,116972,116992,117006,117010,117024,117028,117040],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,116973,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986,116988,116990],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,116975,12254],{"class":52},[46,116977,57],{"class":56},[46,116979,61],{"class":60},[46,116981,3175],{"class":64},[46,116983,68],{"class":60},[46,116985,71],{"class":64},[46,116987,68],{"class":60},[46,116989,312],{"class":64},[46,116991,84],{"class":60},[46,116993,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,116995,14479],{"class":52},[46,116997,57],{"class":56},[46,116999,12329],{"class":52},[46,117001,507],{"class":60},[46,117003,13078],{"class":102},[46,117005,8814],{"class":60},[46,117007,117008],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,117009,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117011,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,117013,14498],{"class":52},[46,117015,507],{"class":60},[46,117017,13720],{"class":102},[46,117019,94],{"class":60},[46,117021,2691],{"class":64},[46,117023,215],{"class":60},[46,117025,117026],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,117027,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117029,117030,117032,117034,117036,117038],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,117031,91],{"class":90},[46,117033,94],{"class":60},[46,117035,12301],{"class":102},[46,117037,1592],{"class":60},[46,117039,55094],{"class":3845},[46,117041,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,117043,91],{"class":90},[46,117045,94],{"class":60},[46,117047,14498],{"class":102},[46,117049,1592],{"class":60},[46,117051,116521],{"class":3845},[20,117053,117054],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117056,117057,117058,507],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[501,117059,15054],{"href":57381},[32,117061,117063],{"id":117062},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117065,117066],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[172,117068,117069,117072,117075],{},[175,117070,117071],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[175,117073,117074],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[175,117076,117077],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117079,117080],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[37,117082,117084],{"className":39,"code":117083,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117085,117086,117092,117096,117122,117136,117154,117158,117180,117184,117197,117210],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117087,117088,117090],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117089,35260],{"class":1595},[46,117091,115855],{"class":52},[46,117093,117094],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,117095,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117097,117098,117100,117102,117104,117106,117108,117110,117112,117114,117116,117118,117120],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,117099,12254],{"class":52},[46,117101,57],{"class":56},[46,117103,10660],{"class":60},[46,117105,427],{"class":426},[46,117107,633],{"class":430},[46,117109,427],{"class":426},[46,117111,198],{"class":60},[46,117113,61],{"class":60},[46,117115,1494],{"class":64},[46,117117,68],{"class":60},[46,117119,7962],{"class":64},[46,117121,13873],{"class":60},[46,117123,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132,117134],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,117125,115890],{"class":52},[46,117127,57],{"class":56},[46,117129,12329],{"class":52},[46,117131,507],{"class":60},[46,117133,13078],{"class":102},[46,117135,8814],{"class":60},[46,117137,117138,117140,117142,117144,117146,117148,117150,117152],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,117139,115910],{"class":52},[46,117141,57],{"class":56},[46,117143,115895],{"class":52},[46,117145,507],{"class":60},[46,117147,115919],{"class":102},[46,117149,94],{"class":60},[46,117151,12301],{"class":102},[46,117153,215],{"class":60},[46,117155,117156],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,117157,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117159,117160,117162,117164,117166,117168,117170,117172,117174,117176,117178],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,117161,12301],{"class":52},[46,117163,1152],{"class":60},[46,117165,427],{"class":426},[46,117167,633],{"class":430},[46,117169,427],{"class":426},[46,117171,13717],{"class":60},[46,117173,13720],{"class":102},[46,117175,94],{"class":60},[46,117177,37010],{"class":64},[46,117179,215],{"class":60},[46,117181,117182],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,117183,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117185,117186,117188,117190,117192,117194],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,117187,91],{"class":90},[46,117189,94],{"class":60},[46,117191,12301],{"class":102},[46,117193,1592],{"class":60},[46,117195,117196],{"class":3845},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[46,117198,117199,117201,117203,117205,117207],{"class":48,"line":6608},[46,117200,91],{"class":90},[46,117202,94],{"class":60},[46,117204,115973],{"class":102},[46,117206,1592],{"class":60},[46,117208,117209],{"class":3845},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[46,117211,117212,117214,117216,117218,117220],{"class":48,"line":11763},[46,117213,91],{"class":90},[46,117215,94],{"class":60},[46,117217,115987],{"class":102},[46,117219,1592],{"class":60},[46,117221,117222],{"class":3845},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117224,117225],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[32,117227,117229],{"id":117228},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117231,117232],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[172,117234,117235,117238,117241,117244],{},[175,117236,117237],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[175,117239,117240],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[175,117242,117243],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[175,117245,117246],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117248,117249],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[37,117251,117253],{"className":39,"code":117252,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117254,117255,117263,117271,117275,117283,117287,117299],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117256,117257,117259,117261],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117258,2741],{"class":52},[46,117260,57],{"class":56},[46,117262,2774],{"class":64},[46,117264,117265,117267,117269],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,117266,2769],{"class":52},[46,117268,57],{"class":56},[46,117270,36344],{"class":52},[46,117272,117273],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,117274,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117276,117277,117279,117281],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,117278,2769],{"class":52},[46,117280,57],{"class":56},[46,117282,14781],{"class":64},[46,117284,117285],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,117286,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117288,117289,117291,117293,117295,117297],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,117290,91],{"class":90},[46,117292,94],{"class":60},[46,117294,501],{"class":102},[46,117296,1592],{"class":60},[46,117298,26962],{"class":3845},[46,117300,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,117302,91],{"class":90},[46,117304,94],{"class":60},[46,117306,4935],{"class":102},[46,117308,1592],{"class":60},[46,117310,27783],{"class":3845},[20,117312,93469,117313,117316],{},[501,117314,117315],{"href":12233},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[32,117318,1834],{"id":1833},[20,117320,117321],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[172,117323,117324,117328,117333,117338,117341],{},[175,117325,578,117326,56945],{},[15,117327,57],{},[175,117329,578,117330,117332],{},[15,117331,55763],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[175,117334,578,117335,117337],{},[15,117336,12602],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[175,117339,117340],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[175,117342,117343],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117345,117346],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[37,117348,117350],{"className":39,"code":117349,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117351,117352,117366,117380,117402,117433],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117353,117354,117356,117358,117360,117362,117364],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117355,91],{"class":90},[46,117357,94],{"class":60},[46,117359,12254],{"class":102},[46,117361,1283],{"class":1595},[46,117363,14552],{"class":102},[46,117365,215],{"class":60},[46,117367,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,117369,91],{"class":90},[46,117371,94],{"class":60},[46,117373,12254],{"class":102},[46,117375,4863],{"class":56},[46,117377,14552],{"class":102},[46,117379,215],{"class":60},[46,117381,117382,117384,117386,117388,117390,117392,117394,117396,117398,117400],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,117383,91],{"class":90},[46,117385,94],{"class":60},[46,117387,12817],{"class":90},[46,117389,94],{"class":60},[46,117391,12301],{"class":102},[46,117393,9403],{"class":60},[46,117395,14983],{"class":90},[46,117397,94],{"class":60},[46,117399,14498],{"class":102},[46,117401,106],{"class":60},[46,117403,117404,117406,117408,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418,117421,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,117405,91],{"class":90},[46,117407,94],{"class":60},[46,117409,12817],{"class":90},[46,117411,94],{"class":60},[46,117413,12301],{"class":102},[46,117415,1152],{"class":60},[46,117417,554],{"class":64},[46,117419,117420],{"class":60},"]),",[46,117422,14983],{"class":90},[46,117424,94],{"class":60},[46,117426,14498],{"class":102},[46,117428,1152],{"class":60},[46,117430,554],{"class":64},[46,117432,3186],{"class":60},[46,117434,117435,117437,117439,117441,117443,117445],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,117436,91],{"class":90},[46,117438,94],{"class":60},[46,117440,1889],{"class":1270},[46,117442,94],{"class":60},[46,117444,12301],{"class":102},[46,117446,106],{"class":60},[20,117448,117449],{},"What they tell you:",[172,117451,117452,117457,117462,117467,117477],{},[175,117453,117454,117456],{},[15,117455,1283],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[175,117458,117459,117461],{},[15,117460,4863],{}," checks whether values are equal",[175,117463,117464,117466],{},[15,117465,43652],{}," shows the identity of an object",[175,117468,117469,117470,2051,117473,117476],{},"comparing ",[15,117471,117472],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117474,117475],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[175,117478,117479,117481],{},[15,117480,2489],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[32,117483,1991],{"id":1990},[283,117485,117487],{"id":117486},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117489,117490],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[283,117492,57431],{"id":57346},[20,117494,117495],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[283,117497,117499],{"id":117498},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117501,117502],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[283,117504,117506],{"id":117505},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117508,117509],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[283,117511,117513],{"id":117512},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117515,117516],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[32,117518,2065],{"id":2064},[172,117520,117521,117526,117532,117538,117542],{},[175,117522,117523],{},[501,117524,117525],{"href":12233},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[175,117527,117528],{},[501,117529,13,117530,10910],{"href":55122},[15,117531,55763],{},[175,117533,117534],{},[501,117535,13,117536,10910],{"href":12599},[15,117537,12602],{},[175,117539,117540],{},[501,117541,15131],{"href":57381},[175,117543,117544],{},[501,117545,117546],{"href":58655},"What is a list in Python?",[2103,117548,117549],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":117551},[117552,117553,117554,117555,117556,117557,117562,117563,117564,117565,117566,117567,117574],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":116007,"depth":87,"text":116008},{"id":116028,"depth":87,"text":116029},{"id":116271,"depth":87,"text":116272},{"id":116411,"depth":87,"text":116412},{"id":116527,"depth":87,"text":116528,"children":117558},[117559,117560,117561],{"id":116534,"depth":109,"text":116535},{"id":116603,"depth":109,"text":116604},{"id":116702,"depth":109,"text":116703},{"id":116816,"depth":87,"text":116817},{"id":116948,"depth":87,"text":116949},{"id":117062,"depth":87,"text":117063},{"id":117228,"depth":87,"text":117229},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":117568},[117569,117570,117571,117572,117573],{"id":117486,"depth":109,"text":117487},{"id":57346,"depth":109,"text":57431},{"id":117498,"depth":109,"text":117499},{"id":117505,"depth":109,"text":117506},{"id":117512,"depth":109,"text":117513},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115808,"description":117575},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117581,"title":117582,"body":117583,"description":119440,"extension":2150,"meta":119441,"navigation":112,"path":119442,"seo":119443,"stem":119444,"__hash__":119445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117584,"toc":119398},[117585,117590,117595,117603,117605,117673,117678,117683,117698,117701,117703,117734,117736,117756,117759,117774,117776,117779,117852,117854,117899,117901,117912,117917,117921,117926,117929,117968,117970,117990,117993,118050,118052,118087,118090,118129,118131,118151,118154,118185,118187,118243,118245,118250,118321,118323,118356,118361,118366,118431,118433,118470,118473,118550,118552,118612,118619,118624,118627,118630,118711,118713,118754,118759,118762,118840,118842,118875,118884,118891,118894,118905,118908,118919,118923,118931,118940,118944,118949,118953,118958,119001,119004,119010,119013,119015,119062,119067,119071,119074,119123,119125,119146,119149,119151,119176,119179,119300,119305,119307,119312,119315,119320,119323,119331,119336,119343,119346,119354,119357,119359,119395],[10,117586,13,117588,18],{"id":117587},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117589,872],{},[20,117591,117592,117594],{},[15,117593,872],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117596,117597,117598,2374,117600,117602],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117599,78020],{},[15,117601,872],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[32,117604,3792],{"id":3791},[37,117606,117608],{"className":39,"code":117607,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117609,117610,117630,117644,117648,117660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117611,117612,117614,117616,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117613,53],{"class":52},[46,117615,57],{"class":56},[46,117617,61],{"class":60},[46,117619,2249],{"class":64},[46,117621,68],{"class":60},[46,117623,81],{"class":64},[46,117625,68],{"class":60},[46,117627,71],{"class":64},[46,117629,84],{"class":60},[46,117631,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,117633,2416],{"class":52},[46,117635,57],{"class":56},[46,117637,74712],{"class":90},[46,117639,94],{"class":60},[46,117641,103],{"class":102},[46,117643,215],{"class":60},[46,117645,117646],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,117647,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117649,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,117651,91],{"class":90},[46,117653,94],{"class":60},[46,117655,2451],{"class":102},[46,117657,1592],{"class":60},[46,117659,55850],{"class":3845},[46,117661,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,117663,91],{"class":90},[46,117665,94],{"class":60},[46,117667,103],{"class":102},[46,117669,1592],{"class":60},[46,117671,117672],{"class":3845},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117674,117675,117677],{},[15,117676,872],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[32,117679,167,117681,170],{"id":117680},"what-sorted-does",[15,117682,872],{},[172,117684,117685,117689,117692,117695],{},[175,117686,117687,63086],{},[15,117688,872],{},[175,117690,117691],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[175,117693,117694],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[175,117696,117697],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117699,117700],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[32,117702,2343],{"id":2342},[37,117704,117706],{"className":39,"code":117705,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117707,117708],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117709,117710,117712,117714,117716,117718,117720,117722,117724,117726,117728,117730,117732],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117711,74669],{"class":90},[46,117713,94],{"class":60},[46,117715,212],{"class":102},[46,117717,68],{"class":60},[46,117719,255],{"class":254},[46,117721,57],{"class":56},[46,117723,1326],{"class":1325},[46,117725,68],{"class":60},[46,117727,78223],{"class":254},[46,117729,57],{"class":56},[46,117731,3856],{"class":1325},[46,117733,215],{"class":60},[283,117735,17561],{"id":17560},[172,117737,117738,117743,117748],{},[175,117739,117740,117742],{},[15,117741,212],{},": the values to sort",[175,117744,117745,117747],{},[15,117746,408],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[175,117749,117750,117752,117753,117755],{},[15,117751,73733],{},": set to ",[15,117754,3787],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117757,117758],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[37,117760,117762],{"className":39,"code":117761,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117763,117764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117767,74669],{"class":90},[46,117769,94],{"class":60},[46,117771,60467],{"class":102},[46,117773,215],{"class":60},[32,117775,11643],{"id":11642},[20,117777,117778],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[37,117780,117782],{"className":39,"code":117781,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117783,117784,117808,117812,117827,117831,117842],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117785,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117787,53],{"class":52},[46,117789,57],{"class":56},[46,117791,61],{"class":60},[46,117793,65],{"class":64},[46,117795,68],{"class":60},[46,117797,71],{"class":64},[46,117799,68],{"class":60},[46,117801,6532],{"class":64},[46,117803,68],{"class":60},[46,117805,81],{"class":64},[46,117807,84],{"class":60},[46,117809,117810],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,117811,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117813,117814,117817,117819,117821,117823,117825],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,117815,117816],{"class":52},"sorted_numbers ",[46,117818,57],{"class":56},[46,117820,74712],{"class":90},[46,117822,94],{"class":60},[46,117824,103],{"class":102},[46,117826,215],{"class":60},[46,117828,117829],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,117830,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,117832,117833,117835,117837,117840],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,117834,91],{"class":90},[46,117836,94],{"class":60},[46,117838,117839],{"class":102},"sorted_numbers",[46,117841,215],{"class":60},[46,117843,117844,117846,117848,117850],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,117845,91],{"class":90},[46,117847,94],{"class":60},[46,117849,103],{"class":102},[46,117851,215],{"class":60},[20,117853,143],{},[37,117855,117857],{"className":39,"code":117856,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117858,117859,117879],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117860,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117862,1152],{"class":60},[46,117864,3175],{"class":64},[46,117866,68],{"class":60},[46,117868,71],{"class":64},[46,117870,68],{"class":60},[46,117872,1508],{"class":64},[46,117874,68],{"class":60},[46,117876,6532],{"class":64},[46,117878,84],{"class":60},[46,117880,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,117882,1152],{"class":60},[46,117884,65],{"class":64},[46,117886,68],{"class":60},[46,117888,71],{"class":64},[46,117890,68],{"class":60},[46,117892,6532],{"class":64},[46,117894,68],{"class":60},[46,117896,81],{"class":64},[46,117898,84],{"class":60},[20,117900,13930],{},[172,117902,117903,117908],{},[175,117904,117905,117907],{},[15,117906,117839],{}," is a new sorted list",[175,117909,117910,112444],{},[15,117911,103],{},[20,117913,117914,117915,507],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[501,117916,78529],{"href":2090},[32,117918,117920],{"id":117919},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117922,117923,117925],{},[15,117924,872],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[283,117927,117928],{"id":8265},"List",[37,117930,117932],{"className":39,"code":117931,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117933,117934,117954],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117935,117936,117938,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950,117952],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117937,53],{"class":52},[46,117939,57],{"class":56},[46,117941,61],{"class":60},[46,117943,2249],{"class":64},[46,117945,68],{"class":60},[46,117947,81],{"class":64},[46,117949,68],{"class":60},[46,117951,71],{"class":64},[46,117953,84],{"class":60},[46,117955,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,117957,91],{"class":90},[46,117959,94],{"class":60},[46,117961,74669],{"class":90},[46,117963,94],{"class":60},[46,117965,103],{"class":102},[46,117967,106],{"class":60},[20,117969,143],{},[37,117971,117972],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,117973,117974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117975,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,117977,1152],{"class":60},[46,117979,3175],{"class":64},[46,117981,68],{"class":60},[46,117983,71],{"class":64},[46,117985,68],{"class":60},[46,117987,312],{"class":64},[46,117989,84],{"class":60},[283,117991,117992],{"id":49116},"Tuple",[37,117994,117996],{"className":39,"code":117995,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117997,117998,118018,118032],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,117999,118000,118002,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118001,4004],{"class":52},[46,118003,57],{"class":56},[46,118005,9406],{"class":60},[46,118007,2249],{"class":64},[46,118009,68],{"class":60},[46,118011,81],{"class":64},[46,118013,68],{"class":60},[46,118015,71],{"class":64},[46,118017,215],{"class":60},[46,118019,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118021,91],{"class":90},[46,118023,94],{"class":60},[46,118025,74669],{"class":90},[46,118027,94],{"class":60},[46,118029,5530],{"class":102},[46,118031,106],{"class":60},[46,118033,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042,118044,118046,118048],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,118035,91],{"class":90},[46,118037,94],{"class":60},[46,118039,1889],{"class":1270},[46,118041,94],{"class":60},[46,118043,74669],{"class":90},[46,118045,94],{"class":60},[46,118047,5530],{"class":102},[46,118049,3099],{"class":60},[20,118051,143],{},[37,118053,118055],{"className":39,"code":118054,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118056,118057,118073],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118058,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118060,1152],{"class":60},[46,118062,3175],{"class":64},[46,118064,68],{"class":60},[46,118066,71],{"class":64},[46,118068,68],{"class":60},[46,118070,312],{"class":64},[46,118072,84],{"class":60},[46,118074,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083,118085],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118076,3476],{"class":56},[46,118078,3479],{"class":1140},[46,118080,1197],{"class":426},[46,118082,8265],{"class":430},[46,118084,1188],{"class":426},[46,118086,3488],{"class":56},[283,118088,118089],{"id":6459},"Set",[37,118091,118093],{"className":39,"code":118092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118094,118095,118115],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118096,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118098,4004],{"class":52},[46,118100,57],{"class":56},[46,118102,10660],{"class":60},[46,118104,2249],{"class":64},[46,118106,68],{"class":60},[46,118108,81],{"class":64},[46,118110,68],{"class":60},[46,118112,71],{"class":64},[46,118114,1105],{"class":60},[46,118116,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118118,91],{"class":90},[46,118120,94],{"class":60},[46,118122,74669],{"class":90},[46,118124,94],{"class":60},[46,118126,5530],{"class":102},[46,118128,106],{"class":60},[20,118130,143],{},[37,118132,118133],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,118134,118135],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118136,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118138,1152],{"class":60},[46,118140,3175],{"class":64},[46,118142,68],{"class":60},[46,118144,71],{"class":64},[46,118146,68],{"class":60},[46,118148,312],{"class":64},[46,118150,84],{"class":60},[283,118152,118153],{"id":61334},"String",[37,118155,118157],{"className":39,"code":118156,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118158,118159,118171],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118160,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118162,34856],{"class":52},[46,118164,57],{"class":56},[46,118166,438],{"class":426},[46,118168,41],{"class":430},[46,118170,3544],{"class":426},[46,118172,118173,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118174,91],{"class":90},[46,118176,94],{"class":60},[46,118178,74669],{"class":90},[46,118180,94],{"class":60},[46,118182,34877],{"class":102},[46,118184,106],{"class":60},[20,118186,143],{},[37,118188,118189],{"className":39,"code":79545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,118190,118191],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118192,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213,118215,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118194,1152],{"class":60},[46,118196,1188],{"class":426},[46,118198,60598],{"class":430},[46,118200,1188],{"class":426},[46,118202,68],{"class":60},[46,118204,1197],{"class":426},[46,118206,76184],{"class":430},[46,118208,1188],{"class":426},[46,118210,68],{"class":60},[46,118212,1197],{"class":426},[46,118214,60633],{"class":430},[46,118216,1188],{"class":426},[46,118218,68],{"class":60},[46,118220,1197],{"class":426},[46,118222,20],{"class":430},[46,118224,1188],{"class":426},[46,118226,68],{"class":60},[46,118228,1197],{"class":426},[46,118230,63447],{"class":430},[46,118232,1188],{"class":426},[46,118234,68],{"class":60},[46,118236,1197],{"class":426},[46,118238,11914],{"class":430},[46,118240,1188],{"class":426},[46,118242,84],{"class":60},[283,118244,29390],{"id":15771},[20,118246,63700,118247,118249],{},[15,118248,872],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[37,118251,118253],{"className":39,"code":118252,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118254,118255,118307],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118256,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118258,13372],{"class":52},[46,118260,57],{"class":56},[46,118262,10660],{"class":60},[46,118264,427],{"class":426},[46,118266,1009],{"class":430},[46,118268,427],{"class":426},[46,118270,198],{"class":60},[46,118272,438],{"class":426},[46,118274,1018],{"class":430},[46,118276,427],{"class":426},[46,118278,68],{"class":60},[46,118280,438],{"class":426},[46,118282,9468],{"class":430},[46,118284,427],{"class":426},[46,118286,198],{"class":60},[46,118288,7962],{"class":64},[46,118290,68],{"class":60},[46,118292,438],{"class":426},[46,118294,10578],{"class":430},[46,118296,427],{"class":426},[46,118298,198],{"class":60},[46,118300,438],{"class":426},[46,118302,16197],{"class":430},[46,118304,427],{"class":426},[46,118306,1105],{"class":60},[46,118308,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118310,91],{"class":90},[46,118312,94],{"class":60},[46,118314,74669],{"class":90},[46,118316,94],{"class":60},[46,118318,17473],{"class":102},[46,118320,106],{"class":60},[20,118322,143],{},[37,118324,118326],{"className":39,"code":118325,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118327,118328],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118329,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350,118352,118354],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118331,1152],{"class":60},[46,118333,1188],{"class":426},[46,118335,9468],{"class":430},[46,118337,1188],{"class":426},[46,118339,68],{"class":60},[46,118341,1197],{"class":426},[46,118343,10578],{"class":430},[46,118345,1188],{"class":426},[46,118347,68],{"class":60},[46,118349,1197],{"class":426},[46,118351,1009],{"class":430},[46,118353,1188],{"class":426},[46,118355,84],{"class":60},[32,118357,578,118359],{"id":118358},"using-reversetrue",[15,118360,78244],{},[20,118362,160,118363,118365],{},[15,118364,78244],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[37,118367,118369],{"className":39,"code":118368,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118370,118371,118391,118395,118409],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118372,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118374,53],{"class":52},[46,118376,57],{"class":56},[46,118378,61],{"class":60},[46,118380,2249],{"class":64},[46,118382,68],{"class":60},[46,118384,81],{"class":64},[46,118386,68],{"class":60},[46,118388,71],{"class":64},[46,118390,84],{"class":60},[46,118392,118393],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118394,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,118396,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,118398,91],{"class":90},[46,118400,94],{"class":60},[46,118402,74669],{"class":90},[46,118404,94],{"class":60},[46,118406,103],{"class":102},[46,118408,106],{"class":60},[46,118410,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,118412,91],{"class":90},[46,118414,94],{"class":60},[46,118416,74669],{"class":90},[46,118418,94],{"class":60},[46,118420,103],{"class":102},[46,118422,68],{"class":60},[46,118424,78223],{"class":254},[46,118426,57],{"class":56},[46,118428,3787],{"class":1325},[46,118430,106],{"class":60},[20,118432,143],{},[37,118434,118436],{"className":39,"code":118435,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118437,118438,118454],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118439,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118441,1152],{"class":60},[46,118443,3175],{"class":64},[46,118445,68],{"class":60},[46,118447,71],{"class":64},[46,118449,68],{"class":60},[46,118451,312],{"class":64},[46,118453,84],{"class":60},[46,118455,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118457,1152],{"class":60},[46,118459,2249],{"class":64},[46,118461,68],{"class":60},[46,118463,71],{"class":64},[46,118465,68],{"class":60},[46,118467,81],{"class":64},[46,118469,84],{"class":60},[20,118471,118472],{},"This also works with strings:",[37,118474,118476],{"className":39,"code":118475,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118477,118478,118510,118514,118528],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118479,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118481,419],{"class":52},[46,118483,57],{"class":56},[46,118485,61],{"class":60},[46,118487,427],{"class":426},[46,118489,756],{"class":430},[46,118491,427],{"class":426},[46,118493,68],{"class":60},[46,118495,438],{"class":426},[46,118497,450],{"class":430},[46,118499,427],{"class":426},[46,118501,68],{"class":60},[46,118503,438],{"class":426},[46,118505,765],{"class":430},[46,118507,427],{"class":426},[46,118509,84],{"class":60},[46,118511,118512],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118513,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,118515,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,118517,91],{"class":90},[46,118519,94],{"class":60},[46,118521,74669],{"class":90},[46,118523,94],{"class":60},[46,118525,467],{"class":102},[46,118527,106],{"class":60},[46,118529,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,118531,91],{"class":90},[46,118533,94],{"class":60},[46,118535,74669],{"class":90},[46,118537,94],{"class":60},[46,118539,467],{"class":102},[46,118541,68],{"class":60},[46,118543,78223],{"class":254},[46,118545,57],{"class":56},[46,118547,3787],{"class":1325},[46,118549,106],{"class":60},[20,118551,143],{},[37,118553,118554],{"className":39,"code":74314,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,118555,118556,118584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118557,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118559,1152],{"class":60},[46,118561,1188],{"class":426},[46,118563,756],{"class":430},[46,118565,1188],{"class":426},[46,118567,68],{"class":60},[46,118569,1197],{"class":426},[46,118571,450],{"class":430},[46,118573,1188],{"class":426},[46,118575,68],{"class":60},[46,118577,1197],{"class":426},[46,118579,765],{"class":430},[46,118581,1188],{"class":426},[46,118583,84],{"class":60},[46,118585,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118587,1152],{"class":60},[46,118589,1188],{"class":426},[46,118591,765],{"class":430},[46,118593,1188],{"class":426},[46,118595,68],{"class":60},[46,118597,1197],{"class":426},[46,118599,450],{"class":430},[46,118601,1188],{"class":426},[46,118603,68],{"class":60},[46,118605,1197],{"class":426},[46,118607,756],{"class":430},[46,118609,1188],{"class":426},[46,118611,84],{"class":60},[32,118613,578,118615,118618],{"id":118614},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118616,118617],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118620,882,118621,118623],{},[15,118622,118617],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118625,118626],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118628,118629],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[37,118631,118633],{"className":39,"code":118632,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118634,118635,118675,118679,118701],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118636,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669,118671,118673],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118638,419],{"class":52},[46,118640,57],{"class":56},[46,118642,61],{"class":60},[46,118644,427],{"class":426},[46,118646,431],{"class":430},[46,118648,427],{"class":426},[46,118650,68],{"class":60},[46,118652,438],{"class":426},[46,118654,38523],{"class":430},[46,118656,427],{"class":426},[46,118658,68],{"class":60},[46,118660,438],{"class":426},[46,118662,450],{"class":430},[46,118664,427],{"class":426},[46,118666,68],{"class":60},[46,118668,438],{"class":426},[46,118670,441],{"class":430},[46,118672,427],{"class":426},[46,118674,84],{"class":60},[46,118676,118677],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118678,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,118680,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691,118693,118695,118697,118699],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,118682,2416],{"class":52},[46,118684,57],{"class":56},[46,118686,74712],{"class":90},[46,118688,94],{"class":60},[46,118690,467],{"class":102},[46,118692,68],{"class":60},[46,118694,255],{"class":254},[46,118696,57],{"class":56},[46,118698,476],{"class":90},[46,118700,215],{"class":60},[46,118702,118703,118705,118707,118709],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,118704,91],{"class":90},[46,118706,94],{"class":60},[46,118708,2451],{"class":102},[46,118710,215],{"class":60},[20,118712,143],{},[37,118714,118716],{"className":39,"code":118715,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118717,118718],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118719,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742,118744,118746,118748,118750,118752],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118721,1152],{"class":60},[46,118723,1188],{"class":426},[46,118725,38523],{"class":430},[46,118727,1188],{"class":426},[46,118729,68],{"class":60},[46,118731,1197],{"class":426},[46,118733,431],{"class":430},[46,118735,1188],{"class":426},[46,118737,68],{"class":60},[46,118739,1197],{"class":426},[46,118741,441],{"class":430},[46,118743,1188],{"class":426},[46,118745,68],{"class":60},[46,118747,1197],{"class":426},[46,118749,450],{"class":430},[46,118751,1188],{"class":426},[46,118753,84],{"class":60},[20,118755,20938,118756,118758],{},[15,118757,476],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118760,118761],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[37,118763,118765],{"className":39,"code":118764,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118766,118767,118800,118804,118830],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118768,118769,118771,118773,118775,118777,118779,118781,118783,118785,118787,118789,118791,118793,118796,118798],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118770,419],{"class":52},[46,118772,57],{"class":56},[46,118774,61],{"class":60},[46,118776,427],{"class":426},[46,118778,83506],{"class":430},[46,118780,427],{"class":426},[46,118782,68],{"class":60},[46,118784,438],{"class":426},[46,118786,756],{"class":430},[46,118788,427],{"class":426},[46,118790,68],{"class":60},[46,118792,438],{"class":426},[46,118794,118795],{"class":430},"Cherry",[46,118797,427],{"class":426},[46,118799,84],{"class":60},[46,118801,118802],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118803,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,118805,118806,118808,118810,118812,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,118807,2416],{"class":52},[46,118809,57],{"class":56},[46,118811,74712],{"class":90},[46,118813,94],{"class":60},[46,118815,467],{"class":102},[46,118817,68],{"class":60},[46,118819,255],{"class":254},[46,118821,57],{"class":56},[46,118823,1769],{"class":1270},[46,118825,507],{"class":60},[46,118827,1775],{"class":1774},[46,118829,215],{"class":60},[46,118831,118832,118834,118836,118838],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,118833,91],{"class":90},[46,118835,94],{"class":60},[46,118837,2451],{"class":102},[46,118839,215],{"class":60},[20,118841,143],{},[37,118843,118845],{"className":39,"code":118844,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118846,118847],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118848,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861,118863,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118850,1152],{"class":60},[46,118852,1188],{"class":426},[46,118854,756],{"class":430},[46,118856,1188],{"class":426},[46,118858,68],{"class":60},[46,118860,1197],{"class":426},[46,118862,83506],{"class":430},[46,118864,1188],{"class":426},[46,118866,68],{"class":60},[46,118868,1197],{"class":426},[46,118870,118795],{"class":430},[46,118872,1188],{"class":426},[46,118874,84],{"class":60},[20,118876,118877,118878,35499,118880,507],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118879,498],{},[501,118881,13,118882,506],{"href":503},[15,118883,498],{},[32,118885,118887,10755,118889],{"id":118886},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118888,872],{},[15,118890,78020],{},[20,118892,118893],{},"The main difference is this:",[172,118895,118896,118901],{},[175,118897,118898,118900],{},[15,118899,872],{}," returns a new list",[175,118902,118903,74118],{},[15,118904,78020],{},[20,118906,118907],{},"Also:",[172,118909,118910,118915],{},[175,118911,118912,118914],{},[15,118913,872],{}," works with many iterables",[175,118916,118917,79451],{},[15,118918,78020],{},[20,118920,160,118921,1801],{},[15,118922,872],{},[172,118924,118925,118928],{},[175,118926,118927],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[175,118929,118930],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118932,118933,118934,507],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[501,118935,13,118936,10755,118938,873],{"href":79276},[15,118937,872],{},[15,118939,78020],{},[32,118941,118943],{"id":118942},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118945,118946,118947,507],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118948,872],{},[283,118950,118952],{"id":118951},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118954,118955,118956,198],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118957,1638],{},[37,118959,118961],{"className":39,"code":118960,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118962,118963,118987],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975,118977,118979,118981,118983,118985],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,118966,4004],{"class":52},[46,118968,57],{"class":56},[46,118970,61],{"class":60},[46,118972,3175],{"class":64},[46,118974,68],{"class":60},[46,118976,438],{"class":426},[46,118978,2243],{"class":430},[46,118980,427],{"class":426},[46,118982,68],{"class":60},[46,118984,312],{"class":64},[46,118986,84],{"class":60},[46,118988,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997,118999],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,118990,91],{"class":90},[46,118992,94],{"class":60},[46,118994,74669],{"class":90},[46,118996,94],{"class":60},[46,118998,5530],{"class":102},[46,119000,106],{"class":60},[20,119002,119003],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[283,119005,119007,119008,2490],{"id":119006},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119009,408],{},[20,119011,119012],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119014,2393],{},[37,119016,119018],{"className":39,"code":119017,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119019,119020,119040],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119021,119022,119024,119026,119028,119030,119032,119034,119036,119038],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119023,53],{"class":52},[46,119025,57],{"class":56},[46,119027,61],{"class":60},[46,119029,1494],{"class":64},[46,119031,68],{"class":60},[46,119033,71],{"class":64},[46,119035,68],{"class":60},[46,119037,7967],{"class":64},[46,119039,84],{"class":60},[46,119041,119042,119044,119046,119048,119050,119052,119054,119056,119058,119060],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119043,91],{"class":90},[46,119045,94],{"class":60},[46,119047,74669],{"class":90},[46,119049,94],{"class":60},[46,119051,103],{"class":102},[46,119053,68],{"class":60},[46,119055,255],{"class":254},[46,119057,57],{"class":56},[46,119059,476],{"class":90},[46,119061,106],{"class":60},[20,119063,48673,119064,119066],{},[15,119065,498],{}," does not work on integers.",[283,119068,119070],{"id":119069},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119072,119073],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[37,119075,119077],{"className":39,"code":119076,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119078,119079,119099,119109,119113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119080,119081,119083,119085,119087,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119082,53],{"class":52},[46,119084,57],{"class":56},[46,119086,61],{"class":60},[46,119088,2249],{"class":64},[46,119090,68],{"class":60},[46,119092,81],{"class":64},[46,119094,68],{"class":60},[46,119096,71],{"class":64},[46,119098,84],{"class":60},[46,119100,119101,119103,119105,119107],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119102,74669],{"class":90},[46,119104,94],{"class":60},[46,119106,103],{"class":102},[46,119108,215],{"class":60},[46,119110,119111],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,119112,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,119114,119115,119117,119119,119121],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,119116,91],{"class":90},[46,119118,94],{"class":60},[46,119120,103],{"class":102},[46,119122,215],{"class":60},[20,119124,143],{},[37,119126,119128],{"className":39,"code":119127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119129,119130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119131,119132,119134,119136,119138,119140,119142,119144],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119133,1152],{"class":60},[46,119135,2249],{"class":64},[46,119137,68],{"class":60},[46,119139,81],{"class":64},[46,119141,68],{"class":60},[46,119143,71],{"class":64},[46,119145,84],{"class":60},[20,119147,119148],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[32,119150,1834],{"id":1833},[172,119152,119153,119157,119160,119165,119169],{},[175,119154,4754,119155,74118],{},[15,119156,872],{},[175,119158,119159],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[175,119161,1859,119162,119164],{},[15,119163,872],{}," always returns a list",[175,119166,578,119167,23271],{},[15,119168,118617],{},[175,119170,29817,119171,119173,119174],{},[15,119172,64472],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119175,872],{},[20,119177,119178],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[37,119180,119182],{"className":39,"code":119181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119183,119184,119206,119232,119270],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119185,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119187,91],{"class":90},[46,119189,94],{"class":60},[46,119191,74669],{"class":90},[46,119193,3172],{"class":60},[46,119195,2249],{"class":64},[46,119197,68],{"class":60},[46,119199,81],{"class":64},[46,119201,68],{"class":60},[46,119203,71],{"class":64},[46,119205,3186],{"class":60},[46,119207,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220,119222,119224,119226,119228,119230],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119209,91],{"class":90},[46,119211,94],{"class":60},[46,119213,1889],{"class":1270},[46,119215,94],{"class":60},[46,119217,74669],{"class":90},[46,119219,5682],{"class":60},[46,119221,2249],{"class":64},[46,119223,68],{"class":60},[46,119225,81],{"class":64},[46,119227,68],{"class":60},[46,119229,71],{"class":64},[46,119231,93325],{"class":60},[46,119233,119234,119236,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254,119256,119258,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,119235,91],{"class":90},[46,119237,94],{"class":60},[46,119239,74669],{"class":90},[46,119241,3172],{"class":60},[46,119243,1188],{"class":426},[46,119245,83506],{"class":430},[46,119247,1188],{"class":426},[46,119249,68],{"class":60},[46,119251,1197],{"class":426},[46,119253,756],{"class":430},[46,119255,1188],{"class":426},[46,119257,18229],{"class":60},[46,119259,255],{"class":254},[46,119261,57],{"class":56},[46,119263,1769],{"class":1270},[46,119265,507],{"class":60},[46,119267,1775],{"class":1774},[46,119269,106],{"class":60},[46,119271,119272,119274,119276,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,119273,91],{"class":90},[46,119275,94],{"class":60},[46,119277,74669],{"class":90},[46,119279,3172],{"class":60},[46,119281,2249],{"class":64},[46,119283,68],{"class":60},[46,119285,81],{"class":64},[46,119287,68],{"class":60},[46,119289,71],{"class":64},[46,119291,18229],{"class":60},[46,119293,78223],{"class":254},[46,119295,57],{"class":56},[46,119297,3787],{"class":1325},[46,119299,106],{"class":60},[20,119301,119302,119303,507],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[501,119304,52934],{"href":51143},[32,119306,1991],{"id":1990},[283,119308,12872,119310,57325],{"id":119309},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119311,872],{},[20,119313,119314],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[283,119316,1995,119318,12884],{"id":119317},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119319,872],{},[20,119321,119322],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[283,119324,119326,119327,11260,119329,2035],{"id":119325},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119328,872],{},[15,119330,78020],{},[20,119332,160,119333,119335],{},[15,119334,872],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[283,119337,1995,119339,2032,119341,2035],{"id":119338},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119340,118617],{},[15,119342,872],{},[20,119344,119345],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[283,119347,5330,119349,119351,119352,2035],{"id":119348},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119350,872],{}," give a ",[15,119353,1638],{},[20,119355,119356],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[32,119358,2065],{"id":2064},[172,119360,119361,119365,119373,119377,119383,119389],{},[175,119362,119363],{},[501,119364,2091],{"href":2090},[175,119366,119367],{},[501,119368,13,119369,10755,119371,873],{"href":79276},[15,119370,872],{},[15,119372,78020],{},[175,119374,119375],{},[501,119376,52934],{"href":51143},[175,119378,119379],{},[501,119380,13,119381,506],{"href":503},[15,119382,498],{},[175,119384,119385],{},[501,119386,13,119387,506],{"href":91981},[15,119388,35919],{},[175,119390,119391],{},[501,119392,13,119393,506],{"href":36364},[15,119394,36367],{},[2103,119396,119397],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":119399},[119400,119401,119403,119406,119407,119414,119416,119418,119420,119426,119427,119439],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":117680,"depth":87,"text":119402},"What sorted() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":119404},[119405],{"id":17560,"depth":109,"text":17561},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":117919,"depth":87,"text":117920,"children":119408},[119409,119410,119411,119412,119413],{"id":8265,"depth":109,"text":117928},{"id":49116,"depth":109,"text":117992},{"id":6459,"depth":109,"text":118089},{"id":61334,"depth":109,"text":118153},{"id":15771,"depth":109,"text":29390},{"id":118358,"depth":87,"text":119415},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118614,"depth":87,"text":119417},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118886,"depth":87,"text":119419},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118942,"depth":87,"text":118943,"children":119421},[119422,119423,119425],{"id":118951,"depth":109,"text":118952},{"id":119006,"depth":109,"text":119424},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119069,"depth":109,"text":119070},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":119428},[119429,119431,119433,119435,119437],{"id":119309,"depth":109,"text":119430},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119317,"depth":109,"text":119432},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119325,"depth":109,"text":119434},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119338,"depth":109,"text":119436},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119348,"depth":109,"text":119438},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117582,"description":119440},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119447,"title":119448,"body":119449,"description":121560,"extension":2150,"meta":121561,"navigation":112,"path":79276,"seo":121562,"stem":121563,"__hash__":121564},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119450,"toc":121507},[119451,119458,119461,119471,119477,119480,119498,119506,119508,119567,119575,119579,119601,119605,119609,119611,119628,119630,119642,119648,119732,119736,119783,119789,119796,119800,119805,119807,119819,119824,119877,119881,119901,119908,119915,119919,119922,119941,119945,120059,120063,120133,120135,120147,120152,120156,120169,120173,120248,120252,120291,120298,120304,120309,120313,120327,120331,120396,120400,120433,120436,120441,120449,120456,120469,120472,120476,120559,120563,120600,120604,120707,120711,120772,120777,120784,120788,120791,120797,120800,120867,120871,120895,120897,120915,120922,120975,120979,120999,121005,121007,121064,121071,121097,121102,121107,121115,121121,121181,121185,121232,121235,121237,121240,121266,121269,121362,121364,121384,121388,121391,121409,121415,121417,121425,121430,121437,121440,121446,121449,121455,121463,121471,121476,121478,121504],[10,119452,13,119454,10755,119456,93039],{"id":119453},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119455,872],{},[15,119457,78020],{},[20,119459,119460],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[172,119462,119463,119467],{},[175,119464,119465],{},[15,119466,872],{},[175,119468,119469],{},[15,119470,78020],{},[20,119472,119473,119474,119476],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3924,119475,4805],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119478,119479],{},"The main difference is simple:",[172,119481,119482,119490],{},[175,119483,160,119484,119486,119487],{},[15,119485,872],{}," when you want a ",[3924,119488,119489],{},"new sorted result",[175,119491,160,119492,119494,119495],{},[15,119493,78020],{}," when you want to ",[3924,119496,119497],{},"change the original list",[20,119499,119500,119501,2583,119503,119505],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119502,78020],{},[15,119504,1326],{}," and causes confusion.",[32,119507,3792],{"id":3791},[37,119509,119511],{"className":39,"code":119510,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119512,119513,119533,119537,119554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119514,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527,119529,119531],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119516,53],{"class":52},[46,119518,57],{"class":56},[46,119520,61],{"class":60},[46,119522,2249],{"class":64},[46,119524,68],{"class":60},[46,119526,81],{"class":64},[46,119528,68],{"class":60},[46,119530,71],{"class":64},[46,119532,84],{"class":60},[46,119534,119535],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119536,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,119538,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549,119551],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,119540,56052],{"class":52},[46,119542,57],{"class":56},[46,119544,74712],{"class":90},[46,119546,94],{"class":60},[46,119548,103],{"class":102},[46,119550,1592],{"class":60},[46,119552,119553],{"class":3845},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[46,119555,119556,119558,119560,119562,119564],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,119557,103],{"class":52},[46,119559,507],{"class":60},[46,119561,34968],{"class":102},[46,119563,1277],{"class":60},[46,119565,119566],{"class":3845},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119568,160,119569,119571,119572,119574],{},[15,119570,872],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119573,78020],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[32,119576,119578],{"id":119577},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[172,119580,119581,119586,119591,119598],{},[175,119582,160,119583,119585],{},[15,119584,872],{}," to get a new sorted list",[175,119587,160,119588,119590],{},[15,119589,78020],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[175,119592,119593,119594,2583,119596],{},"Understand why ",[15,119595,78020],{},[15,119597,1326],{},[175,119599,119600],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[32,119602,167,119603,170],{"id":117680},[15,119604,872],{},[20,119606,119607,63086],{},[15,119608,872],{},[20,119610,49090],{},[172,119612,119613,119619,119625],{},[175,119614,119615,119616],{},"returns a ",[3924,119617,119618],{},"new list",[175,119620,119621,119622,119624],{},"does ",[3924,119623,4805],{}," change the original data",[175,119626,119627],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119629,51297],{},[172,119631,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640],{},[175,119633,5471],{},[175,119635,5474],{},[175,119637,5480],{},[175,119639,5477],{},[175,119641,36080],{},[283,119643,35247,119645,119647],{"id":119644},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119646,872],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[37,119649,119651],{"className":39,"code":119650,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119652,119653,119673,119677,119691,119695,119713],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119654,119655,119657,119659,119661,119663,119665,119667,119669,119671],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119656,53],{"class":52},[46,119658,57],{"class":56},[46,119660,61],{"class":60},[46,119662,2249],{"class":64},[46,119664,68],{"class":60},[46,119666,81],{"class":64},[46,119668,68],{"class":60},[46,119670,71],{"class":64},[46,119672,84],{"class":60},[46,119674,119675],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119676,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,119678,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,119680,2416],{"class":52},[46,119682,57],{"class":56},[46,119684,74712],{"class":90},[46,119686,94],{"class":60},[46,119688,103],{"class":102},[46,119690,215],{"class":60},[46,119692,119693],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,119694,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,119696,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,119698,91],{"class":90},[46,119700,94],{"class":60},[46,119702,427],{"class":426},[46,119704,12322],{"class":430},[46,119706,427],{"class":426},[46,119708,68],{"class":60},[46,119710,4437],{"class":102},[46,119712,215],{"class":60},[46,119714,119715,119717,119719,119721,119724,119726,119728,119730],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,119716,91],{"class":90},[46,119718,94],{"class":60},[46,119720,427],{"class":426},[46,119722,119723],{"class":430},"sorted result:",[46,119725,427],{"class":426},[46,119727,68],{"class":60},[46,119729,81365],{"class":102},[46,119731,215],{"class":60},[20,119733,119734],{},[3924,119735,143],{},[37,119737,119739],{"className":39,"code":119738,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119740,119741,119761],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119742,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119744,12301],{"class":52},[46,119746,198],{"class":60},[46,119748,61],{"class":60},[46,119750,2249],{"class":64},[46,119752,68],{"class":60},[46,119754,81],{"class":64},[46,119756,68],{"class":60},[46,119758,71],{"class":64},[46,119760,84],{"class":60},[46,119762,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779,119781],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119764,74669],{"class":90},[46,119766,81365],{"class":52},[46,119768,198],{"class":60},[46,119770,61],{"class":60},[46,119772,3175],{"class":64},[46,119774,68],{"class":60},[46,119776,71],{"class":64},[46,119778,68],{"class":60},[46,119780,312],{"class":64},[46,119782,84],{"class":60},[20,119784,119785,119786,119788],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119787,103],{}," stays the same.",[20,119790,119791,119792,507],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[501,119793,13,119794,506],{"href":869},[15,119795,872],{},[32,119797,167,119798,170],{"id":78086},[15,119799,78020],{},[20,119801,119802,119804],{},[15,119803,64472],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119806,49090],{},[172,119808,119809,119812,119815],{},[175,119810,119811],{},"changes the original list directly",[175,119813,119814],{},"only works on lists",[175,119816,3873,119817],{},[15,119818,1326],{},[283,119820,35247,119822,74118],{"id":119821},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119823,78020],{},[37,119825,119827],{"className":39,"code":119826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119828,119829,119849,119853,119863,119867],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119830,119831,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119832,53],{"class":52},[46,119834,57],{"class":56},[46,119836,61],{"class":60},[46,119838,2249],{"class":64},[46,119840,68],{"class":60},[46,119842,81],{"class":64},[46,119844,68],{"class":60},[46,119846,71],{"class":64},[46,119848,84],{"class":60},[46,119850,119851],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119852,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,119854,119855,119857,119859,119861],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,119856,103],{"class":52},[46,119858,507],{"class":60},[46,119860,34968],{"class":102},[46,119862,8814],{"class":60},[46,119864,119865],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,119866,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,119868,119869,119871,119873,119875],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,119870,91],{"class":90},[46,119872,94],{"class":60},[46,119874,103],{"class":102},[46,119876,215],{"class":60},[20,119878,119879],{},[3924,119880,143],{},[37,119882,119883],{"className":39,"code":55312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,119884,119885],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119886,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119888,1152],{"class":60},[46,119890,3175],{"class":64},[46,119892,68],{"class":60},[46,119894,71],{"class":64},[46,119896,68],{"class":60},[46,119898,312],{"class":64},[46,119900,84],{"class":60},[20,119902,119903,119904,119907],{},"After calling ",[15,119905,119906],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119909,119910,119911,507],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[501,119912,13,119913,10910],{"href":74929},[15,119914,78020],{},[32,119916,119918],{"id":119917},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119920,119921],{},"Here is the core difference:",[172,119923,119924,119933],{},[175,119925,119926,119929,119930],{},[15,119927,119928],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3924,119931,119932],{},"new sorted list",[175,119934,119935,119938,119939,74488],{},[15,119936,119937],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119940,8511],{},[283,119942,119944],{"id":119943},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[37,119946,119948],{"className":39,"code":119947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119949,119950,119970,119974,119988,120007,120026,120030,120040],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,119951,119952,119954,119956,119958,119960,119962,119964,119966,119968],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,119953,53],{"class":52},[46,119955,57],{"class":56},[46,119957,61],{"class":60},[46,119959,65],{"class":64},[46,119961,68],{"class":60},[46,119963,71],{"class":64},[46,119965,68],{"class":60},[46,119967,2643],{"class":64},[46,119969,84],{"class":60},[46,119971,119972],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,119973,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,119975,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,119977,2741],{"class":52},[46,119979,57],{"class":56},[46,119981,74712],{"class":90},[46,119983,94],{"class":60},[46,119985,103],{"class":102},[46,119987,215],{"class":60},[46,119989,119990,119992,119994,119996,119999,120001,120003,120005],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,119991,91],{"class":90},[46,119993,94],{"class":60},[46,119995,427],{"class":426},[46,119997,119998],{"class":430},"numbers after sorted():",[46,120000,427],{"class":426},[46,120002,68],{"class":60},[46,120004,4437],{"class":102},[46,120006,215],{"class":60},[46,120008,120009,120011,120013,120015,120018,120020,120022,120024],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,120010,91],{"class":90},[46,120012,94],{"class":60},[46,120014,427],{"class":426},[46,120016,120017],{"class":430},"a:",[46,120019,427],{"class":426},[46,120021,68],{"class":60},[46,120023,57049],{"class":102},[46,120025,215],{"class":60},[46,120027,120028],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,120029,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120031,120032,120034,120036,120038],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,120033,103],{"class":52},[46,120035,507],{"class":60},[46,120037,34968],{"class":102},[46,120039,8814],{"class":60},[46,120041,120042,120044,120046,120048,120051,120053,120055,120057],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,120043,91],{"class":90},[46,120045,94],{"class":60},[46,120047,427],{"class":426},[46,120049,120050],{"class":430},"numbers after sort():",[46,120052,427],{"class":426},[46,120054,68],{"class":60},[46,120056,4437],{"class":102},[46,120058,215],{"class":60},[20,120060,120061],{},[3924,120062,143],{},[37,120064,120066],{"className":39,"code":120065,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120067,120068,120091,120111],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120069,120070,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081,120083,120085,120087,120089],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120071,120072],{"class":52},"numbers after ",[46,120074,74669],{"class":90},[46,120076,29751],{"class":60},[46,120078,61],{"class":60},[46,120080,65],{"class":64},[46,120082,68],{"class":60},[46,120084,71],{"class":64},[46,120086,68],{"class":60},[46,120088,2643],{"class":64},[46,120090,84],{"class":60},[46,120092,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120094,501],{"class":52},[46,120096,198],{"class":60},[46,120098,61],{"class":60},[46,120100,2243],{"class":64},[46,120102,68],{"class":60},[46,120104,2643],{"class":64},[46,120106,68],{"class":60},[46,120108,1508],{"class":64},[46,120110,84],{"class":60},[46,120112,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,120114,120072],{"class":52},[46,120116,34968],{"class":102},[46,120118,29751],{"class":60},[46,120120,61],{"class":60},[46,120122,2243],{"class":64},[46,120124,68],{"class":60},[46,120126,2643],{"class":64},[46,120128,68],{"class":60},[46,120130,1508],{"class":64},[46,120132,84],{"class":60},[20,120134,10882],{},[172,120136,120137,120142],{},[175,120138,120139,120141],{},[15,120140,872],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[175,120143,120144,120146],{},[15,120145,64472],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[32,120148,1794,120150],{"id":120149},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120151,872],{},[20,120153,160,120154,1801],{},[15,120155,872],{},[172,120157,120158,120161,120163,120166],{},[175,120159,120160],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[175,120162,118930],{},[175,120164,120165],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[175,120167,120168],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[283,120170,120172],{"id":120171},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[37,120174,120176],{"className":39,"code":120175,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120177,120178,120202,120206,120220,120224,120234],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120179,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190,120192,120194,120196,120198,120200],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120181,53],{"class":52},[46,120183,57],{"class":56},[46,120185,9406],{"class":60},[46,120187,2691],{"class":64},[46,120189,68],{"class":60},[46,120191,81],{"class":64},[46,120193,68],{"class":60},[46,120195,312],{"class":64},[46,120197,68],{"class":60},[46,120199,71],{"class":64},[46,120201,215],{"class":60},[46,120203,120204],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120205,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120207,120208,120210,120212,120214,120216,120218],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,120209,2416],{"class":52},[46,120211,57],{"class":56},[46,120213,74712],{"class":90},[46,120215,94],{"class":60},[46,120217,103],{"class":102},[46,120219,215],{"class":60},[46,120221,120222],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,120223,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120225,120226,120228,120230,120232],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,120227,91],{"class":90},[46,120229,94],{"class":60},[46,120231,2451],{"class":102},[46,120233,215],{"class":60},[46,120235,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,120237,91],{"class":90},[46,120239,94],{"class":60},[46,120241,1889],{"class":1270},[46,120243,94],{"class":60},[46,120245,2451],{"class":102},[46,120247,106],{"class":60},[20,120249,120250],{},[3924,120251,143],{},[37,120253,120255],{"className":39,"code":120254,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120256,120257,120277],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120258,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120260,1152],{"class":60},[46,120262,3175],{"class":64},[46,120264,68],{"class":60},[46,120266,71],{"class":64},[46,120268,68],{"class":60},[46,120270,312],{"class":64},[46,120272,68],{"class":60},[46,120274,2643],{"class":64},[46,120276,84],{"class":60},[46,120278,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120280,3476],{"class":56},[46,120282,3479],{"class":1140},[46,120284,1197],{"class":426},[46,120286,8265],{"class":430},[46,120288,1188],{"class":426},[46,120290,3488],{"class":56},[20,120292,2473,120293,120295,120296,507],{},[15,120294,872],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3924,120297,8265],{},[20,120299,120300,120301,120303],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[501,120302,52934],{"href":51143}," is a helpful next step.",[32,120305,1794,120307],{"id":120306},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120308,78020],{},[20,120310,160,120311,1801],{},[15,120312,78020],{},[172,120314,120315,120318,120321,120324],{},[175,120316,120317],{},"you already have a list",[175,120319,120320],{},"you want to update that list directly",[175,120322,120323],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[175,120325,120326],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[283,120328,120330],{"id":120329},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[37,120332,120334],{"className":39,"code":120333,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120335,120336,120368,120372,120382,120386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120337,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120339,5169],{"class":52},[46,120341,57],{"class":56},[46,120343,61],{"class":60},[46,120345,427],{"class":426},[46,120347,5196],{"class":430},[46,120349,427],{"class":426},[46,120351,68],{"class":60},[46,120353,438],{"class":426},[46,120355,5178],{"class":430},[46,120357,427],{"class":426},[46,120359,68],{"class":60},[46,120361,438],{"class":426},[46,120363,5187],{"class":430},[46,120365,427],{"class":426},[46,120367,84],{"class":60},[46,120369,120370],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120371,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120373,120374,120376,120378,120380],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,120375,5213],{"class":52},[46,120377,507],{"class":60},[46,120379,34968],{"class":102},[46,120381,8814],{"class":60},[46,120383,120384],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,120385,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120387,120388,120390,120392,120394],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,120389,91],{"class":90},[46,120391,94],{"class":60},[46,120393,5213],{"class":102},[46,120395,215],{"class":60},[20,120397,120398],{},[3924,120399,143],{},[37,120401,120403],{"className":39,"code":120402,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120404,120405],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120406,120407,120409,120411,120413,120415,120417,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120408,1152],{"class":60},[46,120410,1188],{"class":426},[46,120412,5178],{"class":430},[46,120414,1188],{"class":426},[46,120416,68],{"class":60},[46,120418,1197],{"class":426},[46,120420,5187],{"class":430},[46,120422,1188],{"class":426},[46,120424,68],{"class":60},[46,120426,1197],{"class":426},[46,120428,5196],{"class":430},[46,120430,1188],{"class":426},[46,120432,84],{"class":60},[20,120434,120435],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120437,120438,120439,507],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[501,120440,2091],{"href":2090},[32,120442,120444,2051,120446,120448],{"id":120443},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120445,73733],{},[15,120447,408],{}," work with both",[20,120450,10760,120451,2051,120453,120455],{},[15,120452,872],{},[15,120454,78020],{}," support:",[172,120457,120458,120463],{},[175,120459,120460,120462],{},[15,120461,78244],{}," for descending order",[175,120464,120465,120468],{},[15,120466,120467],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120470,120471],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[283,120473,120475],{"id":120474},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[37,120477,120479],{"className":39,"code":120478,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120480,120481,120501,120505,120527,120531,120549],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120482,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497,120499],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120484,53],{"class":52},[46,120486,57],{"class":56},[46,120488,61],{"class":60},[46,120490,2249],{"class":64},[46,120492,68],{"class":60},[46,120494,81],{"class":64},[46,120496,68],{"class":60},[46,120498,71],{"class":64},[46,120500,84],{"class":60},[46,120502,120503],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120504,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120506,120507,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,120508,91],{"class":90},[46,120510,94],{"class":60},[46,120512,74669],{"class":90},[46,120514,94],{"class":60},[46,120516,103],{"class":102},[46,120518,68],{"class":60},[46,120520,78223],{"class":254},[46,120522,57],{"class":56},[46,120524,3787],{"class":1325},[46,120526,106],{"class":60},[46,120528,120529],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,120530,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120532,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543,120545,120547],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,120534,103],{"class":52},[46,120536,507],{"class":60},[46,120538,34968],{"class":102},[46,120540,94],{"class":60},[46,120542,73733],{"class":254},[46,120544,57],{"class":56},[46,120546,3787],{"class":1325},[46,120548,215],{"class":60},[46,120550,120551,120553,120555,120557],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,120552,91],{"class":90},[46,120554,94],{"class":60},[46,120556,103],{"class":102},[46,120558,215],{"class":60},[20,120560,120561],{},[3924,120562,143],{},[37,120564,120566],{"className":39,"code":120565,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120567,120568,120584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120569,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120571,1152],{"class":60},[46,120573,2249],{"class":64},[46,120575,68],{"class":60},[46,120577,71],{"class":64},[46,120579,68],{"class":60},[46,120581,81],{"class":64},[46,120583,84],{"class":60},[46,120585,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120587,1152],{"class":60},[46,120589,2249],{"class":64},[46,120591,68],{"class":60},[46,120593,71],{"class":64},[46,120595,68],{"class":60},[46,120597,81],{"class":64},[46,120599,84],{"class":60},[283,120601,120603],{"id":120602},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[37,120605,120607],{"className":39,"code":120606,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120608,120609,120641,120645,120671,120675,120697],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120610,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633,120635,120637,120639],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120612,419],{"class":52},[46,120614,57],{"class":56},[46,120616,61],{"class":60},[46,120618,427],{"class":426},[46,120620,83506],{"class":430},[46,120622,427],{"class":426},[46,120624,68],{"class":60},[46,120626,438],{"class":426},[46,120628,756],{"class":430},[46,120630,427],{"class":426},[46,120632,68],{"class":60},[46,120634,438],{"class":426},[46,120636,118795],{"class":430},[46,120638,427],{"class":426},[46,120640,84],{"class":60},[46,120642,120643],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120644,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120646,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659,120661,120663,120665,120667,120669],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,120648,91],{"class":90},[46,120650,94],{"class":60},[46,120652,74669],{"class":90},[46,120654,94],{"class":60},[46,120656,467],{"class":102},[46,120658,68],{"class":60},[46,120660,255],{"class":254},[46,120662,57],{"class":56},[46,120664,1769],{"class":1270},[46,120666,507],{"class":60},[46,120668,1775],{"class":1774},[46,120670,106],{"class":60},[46,120672,120673],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,120674,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120676,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685,120687,120689,120691,120693,120695],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,120678,467],{"class":52},[46,120680,507],{"class":60},[46,120682,34968],{"class":102},[46,120684,94],{"class":60},[46,120686,408],{"class":254},[46,120688,57],{"class":56},[46,120690,1769],{"class":1270},[46,120692,507],{"class":60},[46,120694,1775],{"class":1774},[46,120696,215],{"class":60},[46,120698,120699,120701,120703,120705],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,120700,91],{"class":90},[46,120702,94],{"class":60},[46,120704,467],{"class":102},[46,120706,215],{"class":60},[20,120708,120709],{},[3924,120710,143],{},[37,120712,120714],{"className":39,"code":120713,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120715,120716,120744],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120717,120718,120720,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120719,1152],{"class":60},[46,120721,1188],{"class":426},[46,120723,756],{"class":430},[46,120725,1188],{"class":426},[46,120727,68],{"class":60},[46,120729,1197],{"class":426},[46,120731,83506],{"class":430},[46,120733,1188],{"class":426},[46,120735,68],{"class":60},[46,120737,1197],{"class":426},[46,120739,118795],{"class":430},[46,120741,1188],{"class":426},[46,120743,84],{"class":60},[46,120745,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758,120760,120762,120764,120766,120768,120770],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120747,1152],{"class":60},[46,120749,1188],{"class":426},[46,120751,756],{"class":430},[46,120753,1188],{"class":426},[46,120755,68],{"class":60},[46,120757,1197],{"class":426},[46,120759,83506],{"class":430},[46,120761,1188],{"class":426},[46,120763,68],{"class":60},[46,120765,1197],{"class":426},[46,120767,118795],{"class":430},[46,120769,1188],{"class":426},[46,120771,84],{"class":60},[20,120773,578,120774,120776],{},[15,120775,78737],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120778,120779,120780,507],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[501,120781,120783],{"href":120782},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[32,120785,120787],{"id":120786},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120789,120790],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[283,120792,120794,120795,12765],{"id":120793},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120796,78020],{},[20,120798,120799],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[37,120801,120803],{"className":39,"code":120802,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120804,120805,120825,120829,120843,120847,120857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120806,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817,120819,120821,120823],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120808,53],{"class":52},[46,120810,57],{"class":56},[46,120812,61],{"class":60},[46,120814,2249],{"class":64},[46,120816,68],{"class":60},[46,120818,81],{"class":64},[46,120820,68],{"class":60},[46,120822,71],{"class":64},[46,120824,84],{"class":60},[46,120826,120827],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120828,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120830,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,120832,2416],{"class":52},[46,120834,57],{"class":56},[46,120836,4437],{"class":52},[46,120838,507],{"class":60},[46,120840,34968],{"class":102},[46,120842,8814],{"class":60},[46,120844,120845],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,120846,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120848,120849,120851,120853,120855],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,120850,91],{"class":90},[46,120852,94],{"class":60},[46,120854,2451],{"class":102},[46,120856,215],{"class":60},[46,120858,120859,120861,120863,120865],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,120860,91],{"class":90},[46,120862,94],{"class":60},[46,120864,103],{"class":102},[46,120866,215],{"class":60},[20,120868,120869],{},[3924,120870,143],{},[37,120872,120873],{"className":39,"code":79359,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,120874,120875,120879],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120876,120877],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120878,1333],{"class":1325},[46,120880,120881,120883,120885,120887,120889,120891,120893],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120882,1152],{"class":60},[46,120884,3175],{"class":64},[46,120886,68],{"class":60},[46,120888,71],{"class":64},[46,120890,68],{"class":60},[46,120892,312],{"class":64},[46,120894,84],{"class":60},[20,120896,12068],{},[172,120898,120899,120904,120909],{},[175,120900,120901,120903],{},[15,120902,119906],{}," sorts the list in place",[175,120905,35184,120906,120908],{},[3924,120907,4805],{}," return the sorted list",[175,120910,89945,120911,42320,120913],{},[15,120912,2451],{},[15,120914,1326],{},[283,120916,120918,120919,120921],{"id":120917},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120920,872],{}," to change the original list",[37,120923,120925],{"className":39,"code":120924,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120926,120927,120947,120951,120961,120965],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120928,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120930,53],{"class":52},[46,120932,57],{"class":56},[46,120934,61],{"class":60},[46,120936,2249],{"class":64},[46,120938,68],{"class":60},[46,120940,81],{"class":64},[46,120942,68],{"class":60},[46,120944,71],{"class":64},[46,120946,84],{"class":60},[46,120948,120949],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,120950,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120952,120953,120955,120957,120959],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,120954,74669],{"class":90},[46,120956,94],{"class":60},[46,120958,103],{"class":102},[46,120960,215],{"class":60},[46,120962,120963],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,120964,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,120966,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,120968,91],{"class":90},[46,120970,94],{"class":60},[46,120972,103],{"class":102},[46,120974,215],{"class":60},[20,120976,120977],{},[3924,120978,143],{},[37,120980,120981],{"className":39,"code":119127,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,120982,120983],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,120984,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,120986,1152],{"class":60},[46,120988,2249],{"class":64},[46,120990,68],{"class":60},[46,120992,81],{"class":64},[46,120994,68],{"class":60},[46,120996,71],{"class":64},[46,120998,84],{"class":60},[20,121000,121001,121004],{},[15,121002,121003],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121006,10975],{},[37,121008,121010],{"className":39,"code":121009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121011,121012,121032,121036,121050,121054],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121013,121014,121016,121018,121020,121022,121024,121026,121028,121030],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121015,53],{"class":52},[46,121017,57],{"class":56},[46,121019,61],{"class":60},[46,121021,2249],{"class":64},[46,121023,68],{"class":60},[46,121025,81],{"class":64},[46,121027,68],{"class":60},[46,121029,71],{"class":64},[46,121031,84],{"class":60},[46,121033,121034],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121035,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,121037,121038,121040,121042,121044,121046,121048],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,121039,55804],{"class":52},[46,121041,57],{"class":56},[46,121043,74712],{"class":90},[46,121045,94],{"class":60},[46,121047,103],{"class":102},[46,121049,215],{"class":60},[46,121051,121052],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,121053,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,121055,121056,121058,121060,121062],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,121057,91],{"class":90},[46,121059,94],{"class":60},[46,121061,55823],{"class":102},[46,121063,215],{"class":60},[283,121065,121067,121068,121070],{"id":121066},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121069,64472],{}," on a tuple or string",[37,121072,121073],{"className":39,"code":79461,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,121074,121075,121087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121076,121077,121079,121081,121083,121085],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121078,34856],{"class":52},[46,121080,57],{"class":56},[46,121082,438],{"class":426},[46,121084,41],{"class":430},[46,121086,3544],{"class":426},[46,121088,121089,121091,121093,121095],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121090,34877],{"class":52},[46,121092,507],{"class":60},[46,121094,34968],{"class":102},[46,121096,8814],{"class":60},[20,121098,121099,121100,33769],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121101,64472],{},[20,121103,121104,121106],{},[15,121105,64472],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121108,121109,121110,121112,121113,507],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121111,872],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[501,121114,5310],{"href":5758},[283,121116,121118,121119,119164],{"id":121117},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121120,872],{},[37,121122,121124],{"className":39,"code":121123,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121125,121126,121139,121153,121157,121167],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121127,121128,121130,121132,121134,121137],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121129,34856],{"class":52},[46,121131,57],{"class":56},[46,121133,438],{"class":426},[46,121135,121136],{"class":430},"cab",[46,121138,3544],{"class":426},[46,121140,121141,121143,121145,121147,121149,121151],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121142,2416],{"class":52},[46,121144,57],{"class":56},[46,121146,74712],{"class":90},[46,121148,94],{"class":60},[46,121150,34877],{"class":102},[46,121152,215],{"class":60},[46,121154,121155],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,121156,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,121158,121159,121161,121163,121165],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,121160,91],{"class":90},[46,121162,94],{"class":60},[46,121164,2451],{"class":102},[46,121166,215],{"class":60},[46,121168,121169,121171,121173,121175,121177,121179],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,121170,91],{"class":90},[46,121172,94],{"class":60},[46,121174,1889],{"class":1270},[46,121176,94],{"class":60},[46,121178,2451],{"class":102},[46,121180,106],{"class":60},[20,121182,121183],{},[3924,121184,143],{},[37,121186,121188],{"className":39,"code":121187,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121189,121190,121218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121191,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200,121202,121204,121206,121208,121210,121212,121214,121216],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121193,1152],{"class":60},[46,121195,1188],{"class":426},[46,121197,501],{"class":430},[46,121199,1188],{"class":426},[46,121201,68],{"class":60},[46,121203,1197],{"class":426},[46,121205,4935],{"class":430},[46,121207,1188],{"class":426},[46,121209,68],{"class":60},[46,121211,1197],{"class":426},[46,121213,9908],{"class":430},[46,121215,1188],{"class":426},[46,121217,84],{"class":60},[46,121219,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228,121230],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121221,3476],{"class":56},[46,121223,3479],{"class":1140},[46,121225,1197],{"class":426},[46,121227,8265],{"class":430},[46,121229,1188],{"class":426},[46,121231,3488],{"class":56},[20,121233,121234],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[32,121236,113685],{"id":113684},[20,121238,121239],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[172,121241,121242,121245,121250,121255,121261],{},[175,121243,121244],{},"confusing a function with a method",[175,121246,121247,121248,53807],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121249,64472],{},[175,121251,121252,121253,12765],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121254,78020],{},[175,121256,121257,121258,121260],{},"trying to use ",[15,121259,64472],{}," on non-list data types",[175,121262,50669,121263,121265],{},[15,121264,872],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121267,121268],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[37,121270,121272],{"className":39,"code":121271,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121273,121274,121284,121298,121323,121338,121348],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121275,121276,121278,121280,121282],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121277,91],{"class":90},[46,121279,94],{"class":60},[46,121281,8511],{"class":102},[46,121283,215],{"class":60},[46,121285,121286,121288,121290,121292,121294,121296],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121287,91],{"class":90},[46,121289,94],{"class":60},[46,121291,74669],{"class":90},[46,121293,94],{"class":60},[46,121295,8511],{"class":102},[46,121297,106],{"class":60},[46,121299,121300,121302,121304,121306,121308,121310,121312,121315,121317,121319,121321],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,121301,2416],{"class":52},[46,121303,57],{"class":56},[46,121305,8568],{"class":52},[46,121307,507],{"class":60},[46,121309,34968],{"class":102},[46,121311,1277],{"class":60},[46,121313,121314],{"class":52},"; ",[46,121316,91],{"class":90},[46,121318,94],{"class":60},[46,121320,2451],{"class":102},[46,121322,215],{"class":60},[46,121324,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333,121336],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,121326,91],{"class":90},[46,121328,94],{"class":60},[46,121330,1889],{"class":1270},[46,121332,94],{"class":60},[46,121334,121335],{"class":102},"my_data",[46,121337,106],{"class":60},[46,121339,121340,121342,121344,121346],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,121341,32320],{"class":90},[46,121343,94],{"class":60},[46,121345,74669],{"class":90},[46,121347,215],{"class":60},[46,121349,121350,121352,121354,121356,121358,121360],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,121351,32320],{"class":90},[46,121353,94],{"class":60},[46,121355,8265],{"class":1270},[46,121357,507],{"class":60},[46,121359,34968],{"class":1774},[46,121361,215],{"class":60},[20,121363,84511],{},[172,121365,121366,121369,121373,121381],{},[175,121367,121368],{},"whether your original list changed",[175,121370,26187,121371,11874],{},[15,121372,872],{},[175,121374,121375,121376,121378,121379],{},"whether ",[15,121377,64472],{}," returned ",[15,121380,1326],{},[175,121382,121383],{},"what type of object you are working with",[32,121385,121387],{"id":121386},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121389,121390],{},"Use this rule:",[172,121392,121393,121401],{},[175,121394,121395,121396,121398,121399],{},"Need a ",[3924,121397,119489],{},": use ",[15,121400,872],{},[175,121402,121403,121404,121398,121407],{},"Need to ",[3924,121405,121406],{},"change one list directly",[15,121408,78020],{},[20,121410,121411,121412,121414],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121413,872],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[32,121416,1991],{"id":1990},[283,121418,121420,121421,3065,121423,2035],{"id":121419},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121422,872],{},[15,121424,78020],{},[20,121426,121427,121429],{},[15,121428,872],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[283,121431,5330,121433,5333,121435,2035],{"id":121432},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121434,78020],{},[15,121436,1326],{},[20,121438,121439],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[283,121441,2005,121443,121445],{"id":121442},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121444,872],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121447,121448],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[283,121450,28496,121452,121454],{"id":121451},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121453,64472],{}," on a string?",[20,121456,46530,121457,121459,121460,40095],{},[15,121458,64472],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121461,121462],{},"sorted(string)",[283,121464,11987,121466,2051,121468,121470],{"id":121465},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121467,872],{},[15,121469,64472],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121472,121473,121474,507],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121475,78244],{},[32,121477,2065],{"id":2064},[172,121479,121480,121486,121492,121496,121500],{},[175,121481,121482],{},[501,121483,13,121484,506],{"href":869},[15,121485,872],{},[175,121487,121488],{},[501,121489,13,121490,10910],{"href":74929},[15,121491,78020],{},[175,121493,121494],{},[501,121495,2091],{"href":2090},[175,121497,121498],{},[501,121499,120783],{"href":120782},[175,121501,121502],{},[501,121503,52934],{"href":51143},[2103,121505,121506],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":121508},[121509,121510,121511,121515,121519,121522,121526,121530,121535,121545,121546,121547,121559],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":119577,"depth":87,"text":119578},{"id":117680,"depth":87,"text":119402,"children":121512},[121513],{"id":119644,"depth":109,"text":121514},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78086,"depth":87,"text":80043,"children":121516},[121517],{"id":119821,"depth":109,"text":121518},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119917,"depth":87,"text":119918,"children":121520},[121521],{"id":119943,"depth":109,"text":119944},{"id":120149,"depth":87,"text":121523,"children":121524},"When to use sorted()",[121525],{"id":120171,"depth":109,"text":120172},{"id":120306,"depth":87,"text":121527,"children":121528},"When to use list.sort()",[121529],{"id":120329,"depth":109,"text":120330},{"id":120443,"depth":87,"text":121531,"children":121532},"reverse and key work with both",[121533,121534],{"id":120474,"depth":109,"text":120475},{"id":120602,"depth":109,"text":120603},{"id":120786,"depth":87,"text":120787,"children":121536},[121537,121539,121541,121543],{"id":120793,"depth":109,"text":121538},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120917,"depth":109,"text":121540},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121066,"depth":109,"text":121542},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121117,"depth":109,"text":121544},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113684,"depth":87,"text":113685},{"id":121386,"depth":87,"text":121387},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":121548},[121549,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"id":121419,"depth":109,"text":121550},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121432,"depth":109,"text":121552},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121442,"depth":109,"text":121554},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121451,"depth":109,"text":121556},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121465,"depth":109,"text":121558},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119448,"description":121560},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121566,"title":42341,"body":121567,"description":123299,"extension":2150,"meta":123300,"navigation":112,"path":123301,"seo":123302,"stem":123303,"__hash__":123304},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121568,"toc":123256},[121569,121574,121579,121585,121587,121642,121646,121669,121674,121679,121684,121686,121717,121720,121734,121736,121738,121753,121758,121762,121765,121816,121820,121834,121841,121845,121849,121904,121908,121931,121935,121991,121995,122018,122022,122077,122081,122104,122108,122175,122179,122214,122220,122225,122230,122232,122246,122248,122322,122326,122346,122351,122358,122361,122373,122375,122444,122448,122485,122488,122513,122520,122529,122532,122544,122550,122556,122558,122564,122569,122648,122652,122693,122697,122699,122726,122729,122752,122755,122761,122764,122801,122813,122820,122822,122873,122876,122908,122911,122913,122920,122922,122937,122939,122996,123000,123024,123026,123031,123047,123054,123058,123061,123144,123154,123156,123161,123164,123170,123173,123179,123182,123188,123191,123198,123206,123208,123253],[10,121570,13,121572,18],{"id":121571},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121573,47846],{},[20,121575,32485,121576,121578],{},[15,121577,47846],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121580,121581,121582,121584],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121583,47846],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[32,121586,35],{"id":34},[37,121588,121590],{"className":39,"code":121589,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121591,121592,121600,121614,121618,121628],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121593,121594,121596,121598],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121595,21795],{"class":52},[46,121597,57],{"class":56},[46,121599,45390],{"class":64},[46,121601,121602,121604,121606,121608,121610,121612],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121603,34856],{"class":52},[46,121605,57],{"class":56},[46,121607,49067],{"class":1270},[46,121609,94],{"class":60},[46,121611,9468],{"class":102},[46,121613,215],{"class":60},[46,121615,121616],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,121617,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,121619,121620,121622,121624,121626],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,121621,91],{"class":90},[46,121623,94],{"class":60},[46,121625,34877],{"class":102},[46,121627,215],{"class":60},[46,121629,121630,121632,121634,121636,121638,121640],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,121631,91],{"class":90},[46,121633,94],{"class":60},[46,121635,1889],{"class":1270},[46,121637,94],{"class":60},[46,121639,34877],{"class":102},[46,121641,106],{"class":60},[20,121643,121644],{},[3924,121645,143],{},[37,121647,121649],{"className":39,"code":121648,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121650,121651,121655],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121652,121653],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121654,2896],{"class":64},[46,121656,121657,121659,121661,121663,121665,121667],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121658,3476],{"class":56},[46,121660,3479],{"class":1140},[46,121662,1197],{"class":426},[46,121664,1769],{"class":430},[46,121666,1188],{"class":426},[46,121668,3488],{"class":56},[20,121670,160,121671,121673],{},[15,121672,47846],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[32,121675,167,121677,170],{"id":121676},"what-str-does",[15,121678,47846],{},[20,121680,121681,121683],{},[15,121682,47846],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121685,2293],{},[172,121687,121688,121695,121702,121709],{},[175,121689,121690,121691,42320,121693],{},"An integer like ",[15,121692,1494],{},[15,121694,42291],{},[175,121696,121697,121698,42320,121700],{},"A float like ",[15,121699,40309],{},[15,121701,48257],{},[175,121703,121704,121705,42320,121707],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121706,3787],{},[15,121708,6813],{},[175,121710,121711,121712,42320,121714],{},"A list like ",[15,121713,75400],{},[15,121715,121716],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121718,121719],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[172,121721,121722,121725,121728,121731],{},[175,121723,121724],{},"print it",[175,121726,121727],{},"combine it with other strings",[175,121729,121730],{},"save it to a file",[175,121732,121733],{},"use it in messages",[32,121735,2343],{"id":2342},[20,121737,7391],{},[37,121739,121741],{"className":39,"code":121740,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"str(object)\n",[15,121742,121743],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121744,121745,121747,121749,121751],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121746,1769],{"class":1270},[46,121748,94],{"class":60},[46,121750,42562],{"class":1270},[46,121752,215],{"class":60},[20,121754,20938,121755,121757],{},[15,121756,42562],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121759,121760,8397],{},[15,121761,47846],{},[20,121763,121764],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[37,121766,121768],{"className":39,"code":121767,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121769,121770,121779,121802,121806],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121771,121772,121774,121776],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121773,5269],{"class":52},[46,121775,57],{"class":56},[46,121777,121778],{"class":64}," 100\n",[46,121780,121781,121783,121785,121787,121790,121792,121794,121796,121798,121800],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121782,89965],{"class":52},[46,121784,57],{"class":56},[46,121786,438],{"class":426},[46,121788,121789],{"class":430},"Your score is ",[46,121791,427],{"class":426},[46,121793,2640],{"class":56},[46,121795,49067],{"class":1270},[46,121797,94],{"class":60},[46,121799,1027],{"class":102},[46,121801,215],{"class":60},[46,121803,121804],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,121805,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,121807,121808,121810,121812,121814],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,121809,91],{"class":90},[46,121811,94],{"class":60},[46,121813,89982],{"class":102},[46,121815,215],{"class":60},[20,121817,121818],{},[3924,121819,143],{},[37,121821,121823],{"className":39,"code":121822,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121824,121825],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121826,121827,121830,121832],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121828,121829],{"class":52},"Your score ",[46,121831,1283],{"class":56},[46,121833,121778],{"class":64},[20,121835,2483,121836,121840],{},[501,121837,121838,2490],{"href":2486},[15,121839,2489],{}," can help you check.",[32,121842,121844],{"id":121843},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[283,121846,121848],{"id":121847},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[37,121850,121852],{"className":39,"code":121851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121853,121854,121862,121876,121880,121890],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121855,121856,121858,121860],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121857,2403],{"class":52},[46,121859,57],{"class":56},[46,121861,2774],{"class":64},[46,121863,121864,121866,121868,121870,121872,121874],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121865,34856],{"class":52},[46,121867,57],{"class":56},[46,121869,49067],{"class":1270},[46,121871,94],{"class":60},[46,121873,2426],{"class":102},[46,121875,215],{"class":60},[46,121877,121878],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,121879,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,121881,121882,121884,121886,121888],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,121883,91],{"class":90},[46,121885,94],{"class":60},[46,121887,34877],{"class":102},[46,121889,215],{"class":60},[46,121891,121892,121894,121896,121898,121900,121902],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,121893,91],{"class":90},[46,121895,94],{"class":60},[46,121897,1889],{"class":1270},[46,121899,94],{"class":60},[46,121901,34877],{"class":102},[46,121903,106],{"class":60},[20,121905,121906],{},[3924,121907,143],{},[37,121909,121911],{"className":39,"code":121910,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121912,121913,121917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121914,121915],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121916,2562],{"class":64},[46,121918,121919,121921,121923,121925,121927,121929],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121920,3476],{"class":56},[46,121922,3479],{"class":1140},[46,121924,1197],{"class":426},[46,121926,1769],{"class":430},[46,121928,1188],{"class":426},[46,121930,3488],{"class":56},[283,121932,121934],{"id":121933},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[37,121936,121938],{"className":39,"code":121937,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121939,121940,121949,121963,121967,121977],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,121941,121942,121944,121946],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,121943,40553],{"class":52},[46,121945,57],{"class":56},[46,121947,121948],{"class":64}," 3.14\n",[46,121950,121951,121953,121955,121957,121959,121961],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,121952,34856],{"class":52},[46,121954,57],{"class":56},[46,121956,49067],{"class":1270},[46,121958,94],{"class":60},[46,121960,25317],{"class":102},[46,121962,215],{"class":60},[46,121964,121965],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,121966,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,121968,121969,121971,121973,121975],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,121970,91],{"class":90},[46,121972,94],{"class":60},[46,121974,34877],{"class":102},[46,121976,215],{"class":60},[46,121978,121979,121981,121983,121985,121987,121989],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,121980,91],{"class":90},[46,121982,94],{"class":60},[46,121984,1889],{"class":1270},[46,121986,94],{"class":60},[46,121988,34877],{"class":102},[46,121990,106],{"class":60},[20,121992,121993],{},[3924,121994,143],{},[37,121996,121998],{"className":39,"code":121997,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121999,122000,122004],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122001,122002],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122003,40343],{"class":64},[46,122005,122006,122008,122010,122012,122014,122016],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122007,3476],{"class":56},[46,122009,3479],{"class":1140},[46,122011,1197],{"class":426},[46,122013,1769],{"class":430},[46,122015,1188],{"class":426},[46,122017,3488],{"class":56},[283,122019,122021],{"id":122020},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[37,122023,122025],{"className":39,"code":122024,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122026,122027,122035,122049,122053,122063],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122028,122029,122031,122033],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122030,2633],{"class":52},[46,122032,57],{"class":56},[46,122034,6595],{"class":1325},[46,122036,122037,122039,122041,122043,122045,122047],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122038,34856],{"class":52},[46,122040,57],{"class":56},[46,122042,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122044,94],{"class":60},[46,122046,2659],{"class":102},[46,122048,215],{"class":60},[46,122050,122051],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122052,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,122054,122055,122057,122059,122061],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122056,91],{"class":90},[46,122058,94],{"class":60},[46,122060,34877],{"class":102},[46,122062,215],{"class":60},[46,122064,122065,122067,122069,122071,122073,122075],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,122066,91],{"class":90},[46,122068,94],{"class":60},[46,122070,1889],{"class":1270},[46,122072,94],{"class":60},[46,122074,34877],{"class":102},[46,122076,106],{"class":60},[20,122078,122079],{},[3924,122080,143],{},[37,122082,122084],{"className":39,"code":122083,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122085,122086,122090],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122087,122088],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122089,4157],{"class":1325},[46,122091,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100,122102],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122093,3476],{"class":56},[46,122095,3479],{"class":1140},[46,122097,1197],{"class":426},[46,122099,1769],{"class":430},[46,122101,1188],{"class":426},[46,122103,3488],{"class":56},[283,122105,122107],{"id":122106},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[37,122109,122111],{"className":39,"code":122110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122112,122113,122133,122147,122151,122161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122114,122115,122117,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122116,1398],{"class":52},[46,122118,57],{"class":56},[46,122120,61],{"class":60},[46,122122,3175],{"class":64},[46,122124,68],{"class":60},[46,122126,71],{"class":64},[46,122128,68],{"class":60},[46,122130,312],{"class":64},[46,122132,84],{"class":60},[46,122134,122135,122137,122139,122141,122143,122145],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122136,34856],{"class":52},[46,122138,57],{"class":56},[46,122140,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122142,94],{"class":60},[46,122144,1415],{"class":102},[46,122146,215],{"class":60},[46,122148,122149],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122150,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,122152,122153,122155,122157,122159],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122154,91],{"class":90},[46,122156,94],{"class":60},[46,122158,34877],{"class":102},[46,122160,215],{"class":60},[46,122162,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,122164,91],{"class":90},[46,122166,94],{"class":60},[46,122168,1889],{"class":1270},[46,122170,94],{"class":60},[46,122172,34877],{"class":102},[46,122174,106],{"class":60},[20,122176,122177],{},[3924,122178,143],{},[37,122180,122182],{"className":39,"code":122181,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122183,122184,122200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122185,122186,122188,122190,122192,122194,122196,122198],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122187,1152],{"class":60},[46,122189,3175],{"class":64},[46,122191,68],{"class":60},[46,122193,71],{"class":64},[46,122195,68],{"class":60},[46,122197,312],{"class":64},[46,122199,84],{"class":60},[46,122201,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122203,3476],{"class":56},[46,122205,3479],{"class":1140},[46,122207,1197],{"class":426},[46,122209,1769],{"class":430},[46,122211,1188],{"class":426},[46,122213,3488],{"class":56},[20,122215,122216,122217,122219],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3924,122218,4805],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[32,122221,1794,122223],{"id":122222},"when-to-use-str",[15,122224,47846],{},[20,122226,160,122227,122229],{},[15,122228,47846],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122231,36595],{},[172,122233,122234,122237,122240,122243],{},[175,122235,122236],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[175,122238,122239],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[175,122241,122242],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[175,122244,122245],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122247,2393],{},[37,122249,122251],{"className":39,"code":122250,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122252,122253,122265,122273,122277,122312],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122254,122255,122257,122259,122261,122263],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122256,8047],{"class":52},[46,122258,57],{"class":56},[46,122260,438],{"class":426},[46,122262,11677],{"class":430},[46,122264,3544],{"class":426},[46,122266,122267,122269,122271],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122268,21795],{"class":52},[46,122270,57],{"class":56},[46,122272,45390],{"class":64},[46,122274,122275],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122276,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,122278,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291,122293,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305,122307,122310],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122280,89965],{"class":52},[46,122282,57],{"class":56},[46,122284,36137],{"class":52},[46,122286,2246],{"class":56},[46,122288,438],{"class":426},[46,122290,4958],{"class":430},[46,122292,427],{"class":426},[46,122294,2640],{"class":56},[46,122296,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122298,94],{"class":60},[46,122300,9468],{"class":102},[46,122302,1592],{"class":60},[46,122304,2640],{"class":56},[46,122306,438],{"class":426},[46,122308,122309],{"class":430}," years old.",[46,122311,3544],{"class":426},[46,122313,122314,122316,122318,122320],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,122315,91],{"class":90},[46,122317,94],{"class":60},[46,122319,89982],{"class":102},[46,122321,215],{"class":60},[20,122323,122324],{},[3924,122325,143],{},[37,122327,122329],{"className":39,"code":122328,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122330,122331],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122332,122333,122336,122338,122340,122343],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122334,122335],{"class":52},"Maya ",[46,122337,1283],{"class":56},[46,122339,9475],{"class":64},[46,122341,122342],{"class":52}," years old",[46,122344,122345],{"class":60},".\n",[20,122347,122348,122349,507],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[501,122350,89651],{"href":89650},[32,122352,122354,10755,122356],{"id":122353},"str-vs-print",[15,122355,47846],{},[15,122357,46617],{},[20,122359,122360],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[172,122362,122363,122368],{},[175,122364,122365,122367],{},[15,122366,47846],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[175,122369,122370,122372],{},[15,122371,46617],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122374,2393],{},[37,122376,122378],{"className":39,"code":122377,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122379,122380,122388,122392,122406,122416,122430],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122381,122382,122384,122386],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122383,2633],{"class":52},[46,122385,57],{"class":56},[46,122387,2956],{"class":64},[46,122389,122390],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122391,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122395,34856],{"class":52},[46,122397,57],{"class":56},[46,122399,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122401,94],{"class":60},[46,122403,2659],{"class":102},[46,122405,215],{"class":60},[46,122407,122408,122410,122412,122414],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122409,91],{"class":90},[46,122411,94],{"class":60},[46,122413,34877],{"class":102},[46,122415,215],{"class":60},[46,122417,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,122419,91],{"class":90},[46,122421,94],{"class":60},[46,122423,1889],{"class":1270},[46,122425,94],{"class":60},[46,122427,34877],{"class":102},[46,122429,106],{"class":60},[46,122431,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,122433,91],{"class":90},[46,122435,94],{"class":60},[46,122437,1889],{"class":1270},[46,122439,94],{"class":60},[46,122441,2659],{"class":102},[46,122443,106],{"class":60},[20,122445,122446],{},[3924,122447,143],{},[37,122449,122451],{"className":39,"code":122450,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122452,122453,122457,122471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122454,122455],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122456,46777],{"class":64},[46,122458,122459,122461,122463,122465,122467,122469],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122460,3476],{"class":56},[46,122462,3479],{"class":1140},[46,122464,1197],{"class":426},[46,122466,1769],{"class":430},[46,122468,1188],{"class":426},[46,122470,3488],{"class":56},[46,122472,122473,122475,122477,122479,122481,122483],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122474,3476],{"class":56},[46,122476,3479],{"class":1140},[46,122478,1197],{"class":426},[46,122480,1584],{"class":430},[46,122482,1188],{"class":426},[46,122484,3488],{"class":56},[20,122486,122487],{},"Notice:",[172,122489,122490,122496,122501],{},[175,122491,122492,122495],{},[15,122493,122494],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[175,122497,122498,122500],{},[15,122499,46617],{}," only displayed values",[175,122502,122503,122505,122506,122508,122509,61461,122511],{},[15,122504,46617],{}," did not change ",[15,122507,2659],{}," from ",[15,122510,1584],{},[15,122512,1769],{},[20,122514,122515,122516,507],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[501,122517,122518,2490],{"href":46614},[15,122519,46617],{},[32,122521,122523,10755,122525,122528],{"id":122522},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122524,47846],{},[15,122526,122527],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122530,122531],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[172,122533,122534,122539],{},[175,122535,122536,122538],{},[15,122537,47846],{}," is the more readable text version",[175,122540,122541,122543],{},[15,122542,122527],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122545,122546,122547,122549],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122548,47846],{}," much more often.",[20,122551,122552,122553,122555],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122554,47846],{}," is usually the right choice.",[32,122557,4693],{"id":4692},[283,122559,25942,122561,122563],{"id":122560},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122562,47846],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122565,122566,122568],{},[15,122567,47846],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[37,122570,122572],{"className":39,"code":122571,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122573,122574,122582,122596,122600,122610,122624,122634],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122575,122576,122578,122580],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122577,21795],{"class":52},[46,122579,57],{"class":56},[46,122581,45390],{"class":64},[46,122583,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592,122594],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122585,34856],{"class":52},[46,122587,57],{"class":56},[46,122589,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122591,94],{"class":60},[46,122593,9468],{"class":102},[46,122595,215],{"class":60},[46,122597,122598],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122599,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,122601,122602,122604,122606,122608],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122603,91],{"class":90},[46,122605,94],{"class":60},[46,122607,9468],{"class":102},[46,122609,215],{"class":60},[46,122611,122612,122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,122613,91],{"class":90},[46,122615,94],{"class":60},[46,122617,1889],{"class":1270},[46,122619,94],{"class":60},[46,122621,9468],{"class":102},[46,122623,106],{"class":60},[46,122625,122626,122628,122630,122632],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,122627,91],{"class":90},[46,122629,94],{"class":60},[46,122631,34877],{"class":102},[46,122633,215],{"class":60},[46,122635,122636,122638,122640,122642,122644,122646],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,122637,91],{"class":90},[46,122639,94],{"class":60},[46,122641,1889],{"class":1270},[46,122643,94],{"class":60},[46,122645,34877],{"class":102},[46,122647,106],{"class":60},[20,122649,122650],{},[3924,122651,143],{},[37,122653,122655],{"className":39,"code":122654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122656,122657,122661,122675,122679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122658,122659],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122660,2896],{"class":64},[46,122662,122663,122665,122667,122669,122671,122673],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122664,3476],{"class":56},[46,122666,3479],{"class":1140},[46,122668,1197],{"class":426},[46,122670,1584],{"class":430},[46,122672,1188],{"class":426},[46,122674,3488],{"class":56},[46,122676,122677],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122678,2896],{"class":64},[46,122680,122681,122683,122685,122687,122689,122691],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122682,3476],{"class":56},[46,122684,3479],{"class":1140},[46,122686,1197],{"class":426},[46,122688,1769],{"class":430},[46,122690,1188],{"class":426},[46,122692,3488],{"class":56},[283,122694,122696],{"id":122695},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122698,6860],{},[37,122700,122702],{"className":39,"code":122701,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122703,122704,122712],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122705,122706,122708,122710],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122707,21795],{"class":52},[46,122709,57],{"class":56},[46,122711,45390],{"class":64},[46,122713,122714,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122715,34856],{"class":52},[46,122717,57],{"class":56},[46,122719,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122721,94],{"class":60},[46,122723,9468],{"class":102},[46,122725,215],{"class":60},[20,122727,122728],{},"But if you only do this:",[37,122730,122732],{"className":39,"code":122731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122733,122734,122742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122735,122736,122738,122740],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122737,21795],{"class":52},[46,122739,57],{"class":56},[46,122741,45390],{"class":64},[46,122743,122744,122746,122748,122750],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122745,1769],{"class":1270},[46,122747,94],{"class":60},[46,122749,9468],{"class":102},[46,122751,215],{"class":60},[20,122753,122754],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[283,122756,578,122758,122760],{"id":122757},"using-str-too-early",[15,122759,47846],{}," too early",[20,122762,122763],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[37,122765,122767],{"className":39,"code":122766,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122768,122769,122777,122792,122796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122770,122771,122773,122775],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122772,40553],{"class":52},[46,122774,57],{"class":56},[46,122776,2774],{"class":64},[46,122778,122779,122782,122784,122786,122788,122790],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122780,122781],{"class":52},"text_price ",[46,122783,57],{"class":56},[46,122785,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122787,94],{"class":60},[46,122789,25317],{"class":102},[46,122791,215],{"class":60},[46,122793,122794],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122795,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,122797,122798],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122799,122800],{"class":3845},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122802,122803,122804,3065,122808,122812],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[501,122805,122806],{"href":3061},[15,122807,3064],{},[501,122809,122810],{"href":3068},[15,122811,3071],{},", depending on the situation.",[283,122814,1853,122816,122819],{"id":122815},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122817,122818],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122821,64804],{},[37,122823,122825],{"className":39,"code":122824,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122826,122827,122859],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122828,122829,122831,122833,122835,122837,122839,122841,122843,122845,122847,122849,122851,122853,122855,122857],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122830,1398],{"class":52},[46,122832,57],{"class":56},[46,122834,61],{"class":60},[46,122836,427],{"class":426},[46,122838,756],{"class":430},[46,122840,427],{"class":426},[46,122842,68],{"class":60},[46,122844,438],{"class":426},[46,122846,450],{"class":430},[46,122848,427],{"class":426},[46,122850,68],{"class":60},[46,122852,438],{"class":426},[46,122854,33389],{"class":430},[46,122856,427],{"class":426},[46,122858,84],{"class":60},[46,122860,122861,122863,122865,122867,122869,122871],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122862,91],{"class":90},[46,122864,94],{"class":60},[46,122866,1769],{"class":1270},[46,122868,94],{"class":60},[46,122870,1415],{"class":102},[46,122872,106],{"class":60},[20,122874,122875],{},"prints:",[37,122877,122878],{"className":39,"code":72993,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,122879,122880],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122881,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122883,1152],{"class":60},[46,122885,1188],{"class":426},[46,122887,756],{"class":430},[46,122889,1188],{"class":426},[46,122891,68],{"class":60},[46,122893,1197],{"class":426},[46,122895,450],{"class":430},[46,122897,1188],{"class":426},[46,122899,68],{"class":60},[46,122901,1197],{"class":426},[46,122903,33389],{"class":430},[46,122905,1188],{"class":426},[46,122907,84],{"class":60},[20,122909,122910],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[32,122912,17585],{"id":17584},[20,122914,122915,22142,122917,507],{},[15,122916,47846],{},[3924,122918,122919],{},"new string",[20,122921,888],{},[172,122923,122924,122927,122930],{},[175,122925,122926],{},"It always returns a string",[175,122928,122929],{},"It does not modify the original object",[175,122931,7935,122932,122936],{},[501,122933,122934],{"href":2486},[15,122935,2489],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122938,2393],{},[37,122940,122942],{"className":39,"code":122941,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122943,122944,122952,122967,122971,122982],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,122945,122946,122948,122950],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,122947,2633],{"class":52},[46,122949,57],{"class":56},[46,122951,14298],{"class":64},[46,122953,122954,122957,122959,122961,122963,122965],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,122955,122956],{"class":52},"converted ",[46,122958,57],{"class":56},[46,122960,49067],{"class":1270},[46,122962,94],{"class":60},[46,122964,2659],{"class":102},[46,122966,215],{"class":60},[46,122968,122969],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,122970,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,122972,122973,122975,122977,122980],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,122974,91],{"class":90},[46,122976,94],{"class":60},[46,122978,122979],{"class":102},"converted",[46,122981,215],{"class":60},[46,122983,122984,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,122985,91],{"class":90},[46,122987,94],{"class":60},[46,122989,1889],{"class":1270},[46,122991,94],{"class":60},[46,122993,122979],{"class":102},[46,122995,106],{"class":60},[20,122997,122998],{},[3924,122999,143],{},[37,123001,123003],{"className":39,"code":123002,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123004,123005,123010],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123006,123007],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123008,123009],{"class":64},"99\n",[46,123011,123012,123014,123016,123018,123020,123022],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123013,3476],{"class":56},[46,123015,3479],{"class":1140},[46,123017,1197],{"class":426},[46,123019,1769],{"class":430},[46,123021,1188],{"class":426},[46,123023,3488],{"class":56},[32,123025,113685],{"id":113684},[20,123027,123028,123029,74969],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123030,47846],{},[172,123032,123033,123036,123039,123044],{},[175,123034,123035],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[175,123037,123038],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[175,123040,578,123041,123043],{},[15,123042,47846],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[175,123045,123046],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123048,123049,123050,507],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[501,123051,25847,123052],{"href":90363},[15,123053,90364],{},[32,123055,123057],{"id":123056},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123059,123060],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[37,123062,123064],{"className":39,"code":123063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123065,123066,123074,123078,123088,123102,123106,123120,123130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123067,123068,123070,123072],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123069,2633],{"class":52},[46,123071,57],{"class":56},[46,123073,45390],{"class":64},[46,123075,123076],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123077,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,123079,123080,123082,123084,123086],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,123081,91],{"class":90},[46,123083,94],{"class":60},[46,123085,2659],{"class":102},[46,123087,215],{"class":60},[46,123089,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,123091,91],{"class":90},[46,123093,94],{"class":60},[46,123095,1889],{"class":1270},[46,123097,94],{"class":60},[46,123099,2659],{"class":102},[46,123101,106],{"class":60},[46,123103,123104],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,123105,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,123107,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,123109,122956],{"class":52},[46,123111,57],{"class":56},[46,123113,49067],{"class":1270},[46,123115,94],{"class":60},[46,123117,2659],{"class":102},[46,123119,215],{"class":60},[46,123121,123122,123124,123126,123128],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,123123,91],{"class":90},[46,123125,94],{"class":60},[46,123127,122979],{"class":102},[46,123129,215],{"class":60},[46,123131,123132,123134,123136,123138,123140,123142],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,123133,91],{"class":90},[46,123135,94],{"class":60},[46,123137,1889],{"class":1270},[46,123139,94],{"class":60},[46,123141,122979],{"class":102},[46,123143,106],{"class":60},[20,123145,123146,123147,2374,123149,123151,123152,507],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123148,1584],{},[15,123150,2377],{},", or another type into ",[15,123153,1769],{},[32,123155,1991],{"id":1990},[283,123157,1995,123159,1998],{"id":123158},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123160,47846],{},[20,123162,123163],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[283,123165,12872,123167,123169],{"id":123166},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123168,47846],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123171,123172],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[283,123174,2005,123176,123178],{"id":123175},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123177,47846],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123180,123181],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[283,123183,94549,123185,123187],{"id":123184},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123186,47846],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123189,123190],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[283,123192,15069,123194,57367,123196,2035],{"id":123193},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123195,47846],{},[15,123197,46617],{},[20,123199,46530,123200,123202,123203,123205],{},[15,123201,47846],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123204,46617],{}," shows output.",[32,123207,2065],{"id":2064},[172,123209,123210,123216,123222,123228,123234,123243,123247],{},[175,123211,123212],{},[501,123213,123214,506],{"href":46614},[15,123215,46617],{},[175,123217,123218],{},[501,123219,123220,506],{"href":2486},[15,123221,2489],{},[175,123223,123224],{},[501,123225,123226,506],{"href":3061},[15,123227,3064],{},[175,123229,123230],{},[501,123231,123232,506],{"href":3068},[15,123233,3071],{},[175,123235,123236],{},[501,123237,123239,123240,123242],{"href":123238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123241,1584],{}," to string in Python",[175,123244,123245],{},[501,123246,90641],{"href":89650},[175,123248,123249],{},[501,123250,30515,123251],{"href":90363},[15,123252,90364],{},[2103,123254,123255],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":123257},[123258,123259,123261,123262,123268,123270,123272,123274,123283,123284,123285,123286,123298],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":121676,"depth":87,"text":123260},"What str() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":121843,"depth":87,"text":121844,"children":123263},[123264,123265,123266,123267],{"id":121847,"depth":109,"text":121848},{"id":121933,"depth":109,"text":121934},{"id":122020,"depth":109,"text":122021},{"id":122106,"depth":109,"text":122107},{"id":122222,"depth":87,"text":123269},"When to use str()",{"id":122353,"depth":87,"text":123271},"str() vs print()",{"id":122522,"depth":87,"text":123273},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":123275},[123276,123278,123279,123281],{"id":122560,"depth":109,"text":123277},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122695,"depth":109,"text":122696},{"id":122757,"depth":109,"text":123280},"Using str() too early",{"id":122815,"depth":109,"text":123282},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":113684,"depth":87,"text":113685},{"id":123056,"depth":87,"text":123057},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":123287},[123288,123290,123292,123294,123296],{"id":123158,"depth":109,"text":123289},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123166,"depth":109,"text":123291},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123175,"depth":109,"text":123293},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123184,"depth":109,"text":123295},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123193,"depth":109,"text":123297},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42341,"description":123299},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123306,"title":123307,"body":123308,"description":124761,"extension":2150,"meta":124762,"navigation":112,"path":124763,"seo":124764,"stem":124765,"__hash__":124766},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123309,"toc":124723},[123310,123316,123322,123325,123347,123349,123411,123413,123426,123432,123437,123442,123444,123457,123468,123470,123497,123499,123516,123523,123534,123536,123541,123543,123555,123563,123572,123574,123577,123630,123632,123640,123648,123652,123657,123697,123699,123707,123710,123712,123752,123754,123762,123772,123778,123781,123854,123856,123869,123873,123878,123906,123909,123944,123946,123954,123957,123961,123965,123967,123983,123985,124025,124027,124035,124044,124087,124089,124097,124099,124103,124109,124112,124152,124154,124162,124167,124170,124213,124217,124220,124255,124260,124262,124301,124311,124319,124329,124337,124341,124346,124348,124389,124391,124399,124404,124407,124410,124428,124434,124438,124443,124446,124486,124488,124493,124592,124595,124611,124613,124632,124634,124641,124644,124650,124653,124659,124663,124669,124672,124678,124681,124683,124720],[10,123311,123313,123314,11490],{"id":123312},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123315,57452],{},[20,123317,123318,123319,123321],{},"The Python string ",[15,123320,57452],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123323,123324],{},"This reference page explains:",[172,123326,123327,123331,123334,123336,123344],{},[175,123328,26187,123329,170],{},[15,123330,57452],{},[175,123332,123333],{},"its syntax",[175,123335,35564],{},[175,123337,123338,123339,2051,123341,123343],{},"how ",[15,123340,36241],{},[15,123342,52823],{}," work",[175,123345,123346],{},"common beginner mistakes",[32,123348,35],{"id":34},[37,123350,123352],{"className":39,"code":123351,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123353,123354,123366,123388],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123355,123356,123358,123360,123362,123364],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123357,34856],{"class":52},[46,123359,57],{"class":56},[46,123361,438],{"class":426},[46,123363,450],{"class":430},[46,123365,3544],{"class":426},[46,123367,123368,123370,123372,123374,123376,123378,123380,123382,123384,123386],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123369,91],{"class":90},[46,123371,94],{"class":60},[46,123373,34877],{"class":102},[46,123375,507],{"class":60},[46,123377,41424],{"class":102},[46,123379,94],{"class":60},[46,123381,427],{"class":426},[46,123383,501],{"class":430},[46,123385,427],{"class":426},[46,123387,106],{"class":60},[46,123389,123390,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404,123407,123409],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,123391,91],{"class":90},[46,123393,94],{"class":60},[46,123395,34877],{"class":102},[46,123397,507],{"class":60},[46,123399,41424],{"class":102},[46,123401,94],{"class":60},[46,123403,427],{"class":426},[46,123405,123406],{"class":430},"na",[46,123408,427],{"class":426},[46,123410,106],{"class":60},[20,123412,143],{},[37,123414,123416],{"className":39,"code":123415,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"3\n2\n",[15,123417,123418,123422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123419,123420],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123421,46782],{"class":64},[46,123423,123424],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123425,17222],{"class":64},[20,123427,160,123428,123431],{},[15,123429,123430],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[32,123433,13163,123435,13166],{"id":123434},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123436,57452],{},[20,123438,123439,123441],{},[15,123440,57452],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123443,13219],{},[172,123445,123446,123449,123452,123454],{},[175,123447,123448],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[175,123450,123451],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[175,123453,43822],{},[175,123455,123456],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123458,123459,123460,123462,123463,2374,123465,123467],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123461,18263],{}," characters are in ",[15,123464,65435],{},[15,123466,57452],{}," is a simple choice.",[32,123469,2343],{"id":2342},[37,123471,123473],{"className":39,"code":123472,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123474,123475],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123476,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123478,61334],{"class":52},[46,123480,507],{"class":60},[46,123482,41424],{"class":102},[46,123484,94],{"class":60},[46,123486,2659],{"class":102},[46,123488,68],{"class":60},[46,123490,36220],{"class":102},[46,123492,68],{"class":60},[46,123494,65201],{"class":102},[46,123496,215],{"class":60},[283,123498,17561],{"id":17560},[172,123500,123501,123506,123511],{},[175,123502,123503,123505],{},[15,123504,2659],{},": the text to search for",[175,123507,123508,123510],{},[15,123509,36241],{},": optional; where counting begins",[175,123512,123513,123515],{},[15,123514,52823],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123517,123518,2051,123520,123522],{},[15,123519,36241],{},[15,123521,52823],{}," work like slice positions:",[172,123524,123525,123530],{},[175,123526,123527,123529],{},[15,123528,36241],{}," is included",[175,123531,123532,75895],{},[15,123533,52823],{},[32,123535,17585],{"id":17584},[20,123537,123538,123540],{},[15,123539,57452],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123542,2311],{},[172,123544,123545,123550],{},[175,123546,123547,123548],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123549,2249],{},[175,123551,123552,123553],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123554,554],{},[20,123556,41070,123557,5333,123559,3065,123561,507],{},[3924,123558,4805],{},[15,123560,3787],{},[15,123562,3856],{},[20,123564,123565,123566,123571],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[501,123567,123569,101559],{"href":123568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123570,1602],{}," is often a better fit.",[32,123573,11643],{"id":11642},[20,123575,123576],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[37,123578,123580],{"className":39,"code":123579,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123581,123582,123594,123616,123620],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123583,123584,123586,123588,123590,123592],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123585,34856],{"class":52},[46,123587,57],{"class":56},[46,123589,438],{"class":426},[46,123591,756],{"class":430},[46,123593,3544],{"class":426},[46,123595,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604,123606,123608,123610,123612,123614],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123597,2416],{"class":52},[46,123599,57],{"class":56},[46,123601,43005],{"class":52},[46,123603,507],{"class":60},[46,123605,41424],{"class":102},[46,123607,94],{"class":60},[46,123609,427],{"class":426},[46,123611,20],{"class":430},[46,123613,427],{"class":426},[46,123615,215],{"class":60},[46,123617,123618],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,123619,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,123621,123622,123624,123626,123628],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,123623,91],{"class":90},[46,123625,94],{"class":60},[46,123627,2451],{"class":102},[46,123629,215],{"class":60},[20,123631,143],{},[37,123633,123634],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,123635,123636],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123637,123638],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123639,17222],{"class":64},[20,123641,63980,123642,123645,123646,507],{},[15,123643,123644],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123647,57994],{},[32,123649,123651],{"id":123650},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123653,123654,123656],{},[15,123655,57452],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[37,123658,123660],{"className":39,"code":123659,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123661,123662,123675],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123663,123664,123666,123668,123670,123673],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123665,34856],{"class":52},[46,123667,57],{"class":56},[46,123669,438],{"class":426},[46,123671,123672],{"class":430},"cat dog cat bird cat",[46,123674,3544],{"class":426},[46,123676,123677,123679,123681,123683,123685,123687,123689,123691,123693,123695],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123678,91],{"class":90},[46,123680,94],{"class":60},[46,123682,34877],{"class":102},[46,123684,507],{"class":60},[46,123686,41424],{"class":102},[46,123688,94],{"class":60},[46,123690,427],{"class":426},[46,123692,934],{"class":430},[46,123694,427],{"class":426},[46,123696,106],{"class":60},[20,123698,143],{},[37,123700,123701],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,123702,123703],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123704,123705],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123706,46782],{"class":64},[20,123708,123709],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123711,2393],{},[37,123713,123715],{"className":39,"code":123714,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123716,123717,123730],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123718,123719,123721,123723,123725,123728],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123720,34856],{"class":52},[46,123722,57],{"class":56},[46,123724,438],{"class":426},[46,123726,123727],{"class":430},"one One one",[46,123729,3544],{"class":426},[46,123731,123732,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746,123748,123750],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123733,91],{"class":90},[46,123735,94],{"class":60},[46,123737,34877],{"class":102},[46,123739,507],{"class":60},[46,123741,41424],{"class":102},[46,123743,94],{"class":60},[46,123745,427],{"class":426},[46,123747,6757],{"class":430},[46,123749,427],{"class":426},[46,123751,106],{"class":60},[20,123753,143],{},[37,123755,123756],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,123757,123758],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123759,123760],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123761,17222],{"class":64},[20,123763,123764,123765,123768,123769,123771],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123766,123767],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123770,57452],{}," is case-sensitive.",[32,123773,578,123774,2051,123776],{"id":65567},[15,123775,36241],{},[15,123777,52823],{},[20,123779,123780],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[37,123782,123784],{"className":39,"code":123783,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123785,123786,123798,123824],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123787,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123789,34856],{"class":52},[46,123791,57],{"class":56},[46,123793,438],{"class":426},[46,123795,450],{"class":430},[46,123797,3544],{"class":426},[46,123799,123800,123802,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123801,91],{"class":90},[46,123803,94],{"class":60},[46,123805,34877],{"class":102},[46,123807,507],{"class":60},[46,123809,41424],{"class":102},[46,123811,94],{"class":60},[46,123813,427],{"class":426},[46,123815,501],{"class":430},[46,123817,427],{"class":426},[46,123819,68],{"class":60},[46,123821,71],{"class":64},[46,123823,106],{"class":60},[46,123825,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,123827,91],{"class":90},[46,123829,94],{"class":60},[46,123831,34877],{"class":102},[46,123833,507],{"class":60},[46,123835,41424],{"class":102},[46,123837,94],{"class":60},[46,123839,427],{"class":426},[46,123841,501],{"class":430},[46,123843,427],{"class":426},[46,123845,68],{"class":60},[46,123847,71],{"class":64},[46,123849,68],{"class":60},[46,123851,1508],{"class":64},[46,123853,106],{"class":60},[20,123855,143],{},[37,123857,123859],{"className":39,"code":123858,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"2\n1\n",[15,123860,123861,123865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123862,123863],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123864,17222],{"class":64},[46,123866,123867],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123868,153],{"class":64},[283,123870,123872],{"id":123871},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123874,123875,123876,198],{},"In ",[15,123877,65435],{},[172,123879,123880,123888,123896],{},[175,123881,71124,123882,123884,123885],{},[15,123883,2243],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123886,123887],{},"\"n\"",[175,123889,123890,123893,123894,76193],{},[15,123891,123892],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123895,2243],{},[175,123897,123898,123893,123901,123903,123904],{},[15,123899,123900],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123902,2243],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123905,65],{},[20,123907,123908],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[37,123910,123912],{"className":39,"code":123911,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123913,123914,123926],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123915,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123917,34856],{"class":52},[46,123919,57],{"class":56},[46,123921,438],{"class":426},[46,123923,450],{"class":430},[46,123925,3544],{"class":426},[46,123927,123928,123930,123932,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,123929,91],{"class":90},[46,123931,94],{"class":60},[46,123933,34877],{"class":102},[46,123935,1152],{"class":60},[46,123937,2243],{"class":64},[46,123939,198],{"class":60},[46,123941,65],{"class":64},[46,123943,1161],{"class":60},[20,123945,143],{},[37,123947,123948],{"className":39,"code":41633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,123949,123950],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123951,123952],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123953,41633],{"class":52},[20,123955,123956],{},"Only that section is searched.",[32,123958,123960],{"id":123959},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123962,123963,123771],{},[15,123964,57452],{},[20,123966,2293],{},[172,123968,123969,123977],{},[175,123970,123971,2051,123973,123976],{},[15,123972,18263],{},[15,123974,123975],{},"\"A\""," are different",[175,123978,123979,2051,123981,123976],{},[15,123980,64695],{},[15,123982,90376],{},[20,123984,2393],{},[37,123986,123988],{"className":39,"code":123987,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123989,123990,124003],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,123991,123992,123994,123996,123998,124001],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,123993,34856],{"class":52},[46,123995,57],{"class":56},[46,123997,438],{"class":426},[46,123999,124000],{"class":430},"Apple apple APPLE",[46,124002,3544],{"class":426},[46,124004,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124015,124017,124019,124021,124023],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124006,91],{"class":90},[46,124008,94],{"class":60},[46,124010,34877],{"class":102},[46,124012,507],{"class":60},[46,124014,41424],{"class":102},[46,124016,94],{"class":60},[46,124018,427],{"class":426},[46,124020,756],{"class":430},[46,124022,427],{"class":426},[46,124024,106],{"class":60},[20,124026,143],{},[37,124028,124029],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,124030,124031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124032,124033],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124034,153],{"class":64},[20,124036,124037,124038,198],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[501,124039,124041],{"href":124040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124042,124043],{},"lower()",[37,124045,124047],{"className":39,"code":124046,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124048,124049,124061],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124050,124051,124053,124055,124057,124059],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124052,34856],{"class":52},[46,124054,57],{"class":56},[46,124056,438],{"class":426},[46,124058,124000],{"class":430},[46,124060,3544],{"class":426},[46,124062,124063,124065,124067,124069,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079,124081,124083,124085],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124064,91],{"class":90},[46,124066,94],{"class":60},[46,124068,34877],{"class":102},[46,124070,507],{"class":60},[46,124072,1775],{"class":102},[46,124074,8809],{"class":60},[46,124076,41424],{"class":102},[46,124078,94],{"class":60},[46,124080,427],{"class":426},[46,124082,756],{"class":430},[46,124084,427],{"class":426},[46,124086,106],{"class":60},[20,124088,143],{},[37,124090,124091],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,124092,124093],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124094,124095],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124096,46782],{"class":64},[32,124098,1834],{"id":1833},[20,124100,23262,124101,507],{},[15,124102,57452],{},[283,124104,1853,124106,124108],{"id":124105},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124107,57452],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124110,124111],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[37,124113,124115],{"className":39,"code":124114,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124116,124117,124130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124118,124119,124121,124123,124125,124128],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124120,34856],{"class":52},[46,124122,57],{"class":56},[46,124124,438],{"class":426},[46,124126,124127],{"class":430},"Aardvark",[46,124129,3544],{"class":426},[46,124131,124132,124134,124136,124138,124140,124142,124144,124146,124148,124150],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124133,91],{"class":90},[46,124135,94],{"class":60},[46,124137,34877],{"class":102},[46,124139,507],{"class":60},[46,124141,41424],{"class":102},[46,124143,94],{"class":60},[46,124145,427],{"class":426},[46,124147,501],{"class":430},[46,124149,427],{"class":426},[46,124151,106],{"class":60},[20,124153,143],{},[37,124155,124156],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,124157,124158],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124159,124160],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124161,17222],{"class":64},[20,124163,123764,124164,124166],{},[15,124165,123975],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124168,124169],{},"If needed, convert first:",[37,124171,124173],{"className":39,"code":124172,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124174,124175,124187],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124176,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124178,34856],{"class":52},[46,124180,57],{"class":56},[46,124182,438],{"class":426},[46,124184,124127],{"class":430},[46,124186,3544],{"class":426},[46,124188,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124190,91],{"class":90},[46,124192,94],{"class":60},[46,124194,34877],{"class":102},[46,124196,507],{"class":60},[46,124198,1775],{"class":102},[46,124200,8809],{"class":60},[46,124202,41424],{"class":102},[46,124204,94],{"class":60},[46,124206,427],{"class":426},[46,124208,501],{"class":430},[46,124210,427],{"class":426},[46,124212,106],{"class":60},[283,124214,124216],{"id":124215},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124218,124219],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[37,124221,124223],{"className":39,"code":124222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124224,124225,124237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124226,124227,124229,124231,124233,124235],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124228,34856],{"class":52},[46,124230,57],{"class":56},[46,124232,438],{"class":426},[46,124234,450],{"class":430},[46,124236,3544],{"class":426},[46,124238,124239,124241,124243,124245,124247,124249,124251,124253],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124240,91],{"class":90},[46,124242,94],{"class":60},[46,124244,34877],{"class":102},[46,124246,507],{"class":60},[46,124248,41424],{"class":102},[46,124250,94],{"class":60},[46,124252,501],{"class":102},[46,124254,106],{"class":60},[20,124256,124257,124258,507],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124259,501],{},[20,124261,10975],{},[37,124263,124265],{"className":39,"code":124264,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124266,124267,124279],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124268,124269,124271,124273,124275,124277],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124270,34856],{"class":52},[46,124272,57],{"class":56},[46,124274,438],{"class":426},[46,124276,450],{"class":430},[46,124278,3544],{"class":426},[46,124280,124281,124283,124285,124287,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124282,91],{"class":90},[46,124284,94],{"class":60},[46,124286,34877],{"class":102},[46,124288,507],{"class":60},[46,124290,41424],{"class":102},[46,124292,94],{"class":60},[46,124294,427],{"class":426},[46,124296,501],{"class":430},[46,124298,427],{"class":426},[46,124300,106],{"class":60},[283,124302,37372,124304,8876,124306,3065,124309],{"id":124303},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124305,57452],{},[15,124307,124308],{},"find()",[15,124310,59127],{},[20,124312,160,124313,124315,124316,507],{},[15,124314,57452],{}," when you need the ",[3924,124317,124318],{},"number of matches",[20,124320,160,124321,124315,124326,124328],{},[501,124322,124324],{"href":124323},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124325,124308],{},[3924,124327,65107],{}," of the first match.",[20,124330,160,124331,124336],{},[501,124332,124334],{"href":124333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124335,59127],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[283,124338,124340],{"id":124339},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124342,124343,124345],{},[15,124344,57452],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124347,2393],{},[37,124349,124351],{"className":39,"code":124350,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124352,124353,124366],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124354,124355,124357,124359,124361,124364],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124356,34856],{"class":52},[46,124358,57],{"class":56},[46,124360,438],{"class":426},[46,124362,124363],{"class":430},"aaaa",[46,124365,3544],{"class":426},[46,124367,124368,124370,124372,124374,124376,124378,124380,124382,124385,124387],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124369,91],{"class":90},[46,124371,94],{"class":60},[46,124373,34877],{"class":102},[46,124375,507],{"class":60},[46,124377,41424],{"class":102},[46,124379,94],{"class":60},[46,124381,427],{"class":426},[46,124383,124384],{"class":430},"aa",[46,124386,427],{"class":426},[46,124388,106],{"class":60},[20,124390,143],{},[37,124392,124393],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,124394,124395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124396,124397],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124398,17222],{"class":64},[20,124400,124401,124402,507],{},"It does not return ",[15,124403,2249],{},[20,124405,124406],{},"Why not?",[20,124408,124409],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[172,124411,124412,124421],{},[175,124413,124414,124417,124418],{},[15,124415,124416],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124419,124420],{},"0-1",[175,124422,124423,124417,124425],{},[15,124424,124416],{},[15,124426,124427],{},"2-3",[20,124429,124430,124431,507],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124432,124433],{},"1-2",[32,124435,1794,124436],{"id":58534},[15,124437,57452],{},[20,124439,160,124440,124442],{},[15,124441,57452],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124444,124445],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[172,124447,124448,124457,124467,124477],{},[175,124449,160,124450,124452,124453,124456],{},[15,124451,57452],{}," when you need ",[3924,124454,124455],{},"how many times"," something appears",[175,124458,160,124459,124452,124463,124466],{},[501,124460,124461],{"href":124323},[15,124462,124308],{},[3924,124464,124465],{},"where"," it appears",[175,124468,47973,124469,124473,124474],{},[501,124470,124471,101559],{"href":123568},[15,124472,1602],{}," when you only need to know ",[3924,124475,124476],{},"if it exists",[175,124478,160,124479,124485],{},[501,124480,124482],{"href":124481},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124483,124484],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[32,124487,26110],{"id":26109},[20,124489,9047,124490,124492],{},[15,124491,57452],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[37,124494,124496],{"className":39,"code":124495,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124497,124498,124508,124522,124544,124570],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124499,124500,124502,124504,124506],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124501,91],{"class":90},[46,124503,94],{"class":60},[46,124505,34877],{"class":102},[46,124507,215],{"class":60},[46,124509,124510,124512,124514,124516,124518,124520],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124511,91],{"class":90},[46,124513,94],{"class":60},[46,124515,1889],{"class":1270},[46,124517,94],{"class":60},[46,124519,34877],{"class":102},[46,124521,106],{"class":60},[46,124523,124524,124526,124528,124530,124532,124534,124536,124538,124540,124542],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,124525,91],{"class":90},[46,124527,94],{"class":60},[46,124529,34877],{"class":102},[46,124531,507],{"class":60},[46,124533,41424],{"class":102},[46,124535,94],{"class":60},[46,124537,427],{"class":426},[46,124539,501],{"class":430},[46,124541,427],{"class":426},[46,124543,106],{"class":60},[46,124545,124546,124548,124550,124552,124554,124556,124558,124560,124562,124564,124566,124568],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,124547,91],{"class":90},[46,124549,94],{"class":60},[46,124551,34877],{"class":102},[46,124553,507],{"class":60},[46,124555,1775],{"class":102},[46,124557,8809],{"class":60},[46,124559,41424],{"class":102},[46,124561,94],{"class":60},[46,124563,427],{"class":426},[46,124565,501],{"class":430},[46,124567,427],{"class":426},[46,124569,106],{"class":60},[46,124571,124572,124574,124576,124578,124580,124582,124584,124586,124588,124590],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,124573,91],{"class":90},[46,124575,94],{"class":60},[46,124577,34877],{"class":102},[46,124579,507],{"class":60},[46,124581,41424],{"class":102},[46,124583,94],{"class":60},[46,124585,427],{"class":426},[46,124587,123406],{"class":430},[46,124589,427],{"class":426},[46,124591,106],{"class":60},[20,124593,124594],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[172,124596,124597,124600,124605,124608],{},[175,124598,124599],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[175,124601,124602,124604],{},[15,124603,34877],{}," not being a string",[175,124606,124607],{},"counting the wrong substring",[175,124609,124610],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124612,59023],{},[172,124614,124615,124618,124621,124624],{},[175,124616,124617],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[175,124619,124620],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[175,124622,124623],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[175,124625,50655,124626,44794,124628,3065,124630,73467],{},[15,124627,57452],{},[15,124629,124308],{},[15,124631,1602],{},[32,124633,1991],{"id":1990},[283,124635,124637,124638,124640],{"id":124636},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124639,57452],{}," change the original string?",[20,124642,124643],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[283,124645,15069,124647,124649],{"id":124646},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124648,57452],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124651,124652],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[283,124654,1995,124656,124658],{"id":124655},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124657,57452],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124660,5320,124661,507],{},[15,124662,554],{},[283,124664,2005,124666,124668],{"id":124665},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124667,57452],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124670,124671],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[283,124673,12872,124675,124677],{"id":124674},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124676,57452],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124679,124680],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[32,124682,2065],{"id":2064},[172,124684,124685,124692,124699,124706,124713],{},[175,124686,124687],{},[501,124688,124689],{"href":124323},[15,124690,124691],{},"Python string find() method",[175,124693,124694],{},[501,124695,124696],{"href":124333},[15,124697,124698],{},"Python string index() method",[175,124700,124701],{},[501,124702,124703],{"href":124040},[15,124704,124705],{},"Python string lower() method",[175,124707,124708],{},[501,124709,124710],{"href":123568},[15,124711,124712],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[175,124714,124715],{},[501,124716,124717],{"href":124481},[15,124718,124719],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2103,124721,124722],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":124724},[124725,124726,124728,124731,124732,124733,124734,124737,124738,124746,124747,124748,124760],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":123434,"depth":87,"text":124727},"What the count() method does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":124729},[124730],{"id":17560,"depth":109,"text":17561},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":123650,"depth":87,"text":123651},{"id":65567,"depth":87,"text":66349,"children":124735},[124736],{"id":123871,"depth":109,"text":123872},{"id":123959,"depth":87,"text":123960},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":124739},[124740,124742,124743,124745],{"id":124105,"depth":109,"text":124741},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124215,"depth":109,"text":124216},{"id":124303,"depth":109,"text":124744},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124339,"depth":109,"text":124340},{"id":58534,"depth":87,"text":59163},{"id":26109,"depth":87,"text":26110},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":124749},[124750,124752,124754,124756,124758],{"id":124636,"depth":109,"text":124751},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124646,"depth":109,"text":124753},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124655,"depth":109,"text":124755},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124665,"depth":109,"text":124757},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124674,"depth":109,"text":124759},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123307,"description":124761},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124768,"title":124769,"body":124770,"description":126355,"extension":2150,"meta":126356,"navigation":112,"path":126357,"seo":126358,"stem":126359,"__hash__":126360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124771,"toc":126328},[124772,124775,124778,124875,124884,124886,124905,124909,124912,124915,124928,124931,124960,124965,124970,125028,125030,125063,125069,125073,125076,125079,125108,125111,125138,125141,125144,125148,125151,125158,125221,125223,125241,125244,125248,125251,125254,125296,125299,125343,125346,125349,125353,125358,125361,125404,125406,125429,125432,125465,125468,125517,125527,125531,125534,125537,125566,125569,125580,125582,125641,125644,125648,125651,125654,125669,125678,125681,125715,125718,125745,125748,125755,125757,125760,125762,125765,125779,125788,125790,125817,125821,125824,125838,125841,125900,125904,125907,125934,125937,125964,125972,125975,126035,126037,126070,126074,126077,126096,126101,126150,126155,126157,126160,126219,126237,126239,126243,126251,126255,126258,126262,126268,126272,126282,126286,126289,126291,126325],[10,124773,124769],{"id":124774},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124776,124777],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[37,124779,124781],{"className":39,"code":124780,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124782,124783,124795,124807,124816,124830,124834,124844,124854,124865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124784,124785,124787,124789,124791,124793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124786,8047],{"class":52},[46,124788,57],{"class":56},[46,124790,438],{"class":426},[46,124792,5178],{"class":430},[46,124794,3544],{"class":426},[46,124796,124797,124799,124801,124803,124805],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124798,89965],{"class":52},[46,124800,57],{"class":56},[46,124802,1197],{"class":426},[46,124804,35036],{"class":430},[46,124806,29867],{"class":426},[46,124808,124809,124812,124814],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,124810,124811],{"class":52},"empty ",[46,124813,57],{"class":56},[46,124815,8052],{"class":426},[46,124817,124818,124820,124822,124824,124826,124828],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,124819,34856],{"class":52},[46,124821,57],{"class":56},[46,124823,49067],{"class":1270},[46,124825,94],{"class":60},[46,124827,50409],{"class":64},[46,124829,215],{"class":60},[46,124831,124832],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,124833,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,124835,124836,124838,124840,124842],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,124837,91],{"class":90},[46,124839,94],{"class":60},[46,124841,1009],{"class":102},[46,124843,215],{"class":60},[46,124845,124846,124848,124850,124852],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,124847,91],{"class":90},[46,124849,94],{"class":60},[46,124851,89982],{"class":102},[46,124853,215],{"class":60},[46,124855,124856,124858,124860,124863],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,124857,91],{"class":90},[46,124859,94],{"class":60},[46,124861,124862],{"class":102},"empty",[46,124864,215],{"class":60},[46,124866,124867,124869,124871,124873],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,124868,91],{"class":90},[46,124870,94],{"class":60},[46,124872,34877],{"class":102},[46,124874,215],{"class":60},[20,124876,124877,124880,124881,124883],{},[3924,124878,124879],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124882,47846],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[32,124885,15329],{"id":15328},[172,124887,124888,124891,124894,124897,124902],{},[175,124889,124890],{},"What a string is in Python",[175,124892,124893],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[175,124895,124896],{},"How to create an empty string",[175,124898,124899,124900],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124901,47846],{},[175,124903,124904],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[32,124906,124908],{"id":124907},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124910,124911],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124913,124914],{},"Strings can contain:",[172,124916,124917,124920,124922,124925],{},[175,124918,124919],{},"Letters",[175,124921,56624],{},[175,124923,124924],{},"Spaces",[175,124926,124927],{},"Symbols",[20,124929,124930],{},"Examples of strings:",[37,124932,124934],{"className":39,"code":124933,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124935,124936,124944,124952],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124937,124938,124940,124942],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124939,427],{"class":43492},[46,124941,4027],{"class":43496},[46,124943,3544],{"class":43492},[46,124945,124946,124948,124950],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124947,427],{"class":43492},[46,124949,50409],{"class":43496},[46,124951,3544],{"class":43492},[46,124953,124954,124956,124958],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,124955,427],{"class":43492},[46,124957,89107],{"class":43496},[46,124959,3544],{"class":43492},[20,124961,21145,124962,124964],{},[15,124963,50459],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124966,124967,124968,198],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124969,2489],{},[37,124971,124973],{"className":39,"code":124972,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124974,124975,124987,124996,125000,125014],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,124976,124977,124979,124981,124983,124985],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,124978,34856],{"class":52},[46,124980,57],{"class":56},[46,124982,438],{"class":426},[46,124984,50409],{"class":430},[46,124986,3544],{"class":426},[46,124988,124989,124991,124993],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,124990,2403],{"class":52},[46,124992,57],{"class":56},[46,124994,124995],{"class":64}," 123\n",[46,124997,124998],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,124999,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,125001,125002,125004,125006,125008,125010,125012],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,125003,91],{"class":90},[46,125005,94],{"class":60},[46,125007,1889],{"class":1270},[46,125009,94],{"class":60},[46,125011,34877],{"class":102},[46,125013,106],{"class":60},[46,125015,125016,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,125017,91],{"class":90},[46,125019,94],{"class":60},[46,125021,1889],{"class":1270},[46,125023,94],{"class":60},[46,125025,2426],{"class":102},[46,125027,106],{"class":60},[20,125029,143],{},[37,125031,125033],{"className":39,"code":125032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125034,125035,125049],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125036,125037,125039,125041,125043,125045,125047],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125038,3476],{"class":56},[46,125040,3479],{"class":1140},[46,125042,1197],{"class":426},[46,125044,1769],{"class":430},[46,125046,1188],{"class":426},[46,125048,3488],{"class":56},[46,125050,125051,125053,125055,125057,125059,125061],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125052,3476],{"class":56},[46,125054,3479],{"class":1140},[46,125056,1197],{"class":426},[46,125058,1584],{"class":430},[46,125060,1188],{"class":426},[46,125062,3488],{"class":56},[20,125064,125065,125066,507],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[501,125067,125068],{"href":51139},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[32,125070,125072],{"id":125071},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125074,125075],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125077,125078],{},"You can use single quotes:",[37,125080,125082],{"className":39,"code":125081,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125083,125084,125097],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125085,125086,125089,125091,125093,125095],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125087,125088],{"class":52},"greeting ",[46,125090,57],{"class":56},[46,125092,1197],{"class":426},[46,125094,4027],{"class":430},[46,125096,29867],{"class":426},[46,125098,125099,125101,125103,125106],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125100,91],{"class":90},[46,125102,94],{"class":60},[46,125104,125105],{"class":102},"greeting",[46,125107,215],{"class":60},[20,125109,125110],{},"Or double quotes:",[37,125112,125114],{"className":39,"code":125113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125115,125116,125128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125117,125118,125120,125122,125124,125126],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125119,125088],{"class":52},[46,125121,57],{"class":56},[46,125123,438],{"class":426},[46,125125,4027],{"class":430},[46,125127,3544],{"class":426},[46,125129,125130,125132,125134,125136],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125131,91],{"class":90},[46,125133,94],{"class":60},[46,125135,125105],{"class":102},[46,125137,215],{"class":60},[20,125139,125140],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125142,125143],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[32,125145,125147],{"id":125146},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125149,125150],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125152,125153,125154,3065,125156,198],{},"Use either ",[15,125155,6444],{},[15,125157,3955],{},[37,125159,125161],{"className":39,"code":125160,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125162,125163,125172,125181,125185,125196,125207],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125164,125165,125168,125170],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125166,125167],{"class":52},"empty1 ",[46,125169,57],{"class":56},[46,125171,8052],{"class":426},[46,125173,125174,125177,125179],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125175,125176],{"class":52},"empty2 ",[46,125178,57],{"class":56},[46,125180,47658],{"class":426},[46,125182,125183],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,125184,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,125186,125187,125189,125191,125194],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,125188,91],{"class":90},[46,125190,94],{"class":60},[46,125192,125193],{"class":102},"empty1",[46,125195,215],{"class":60},[46,125197,125198,125200,125202,125205],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,125199,91],{"class":90},[46,125201,94],{"class":60},[46,125203,125204],{"class":102},"empty2",[46,125206,215],{"class":60},[46,125208,125209,125211,125213,125215,125217,125219],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,125210,91],{"class":90},[46,125212,94],{"class":60},[46,125214,1889],{"class":1270},[46,125216,94],{"class":60},[46,125218,125193],{"class":102},[46,125220,106],{"class":60},[20,125222,143],{},[37,125224,125225],{"className":39,"code":45935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,125226,125227],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125228,125229,125231,125233,125235,125237,125239],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125230,3476],{"class":56},[46,125232,3479],{"class":1140},[46,125234,1197],{"class":426},[46,125236,1769],{"class":430},[46,125238,1188],{"class":426},[46,125240,3488],{"class":56},[20,125242,125243],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[32,125245,125247],{"id":125246},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125249,125250],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125252,125253],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[37,125255,125257],{"className":39,"code":125256,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125258,125259,125270,125275,125282,125286],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125260,125261,125263,125265,125268],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125262,89965],{"class":52},[46,125264,57],{"class":56},[46,125266,125267],{"class":426}," \"\"\"",[46,125269,88907],{"class":430},[46,125271,125272],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125273,125274],{"class":430},"Welcome to Python\n",[46,125276,125277,125280],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,125278,125279],{"class":430},"Have a nice day",[46,125281,43500],{"class":426},[46,125283,125284],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,125285,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,125287,125288,125290,125292,125294],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,125289,91],{"class":90},[46,125291,94],{"class":60},[46,125293,89982],{"class":102},[46,125295,215],{"class":60},[20,125297,125298],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[37,125300,125302],{"className":39,"code":125301,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125303,125304,125316,125321,125329,125333],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125305,125306,125308,125310,125313],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125307,89965],{"class":52},[46,125309,57],{"class":56},[46,125311,125312],{"class":426}," '''",[46,125314,125315],{"class":430},"Line 1\n",[46,125317,125318],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125319,125320],{"class":430},"Line 2\n",[46,125322,125323,125326],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,125324,125325],{"class":430},"Line 3",[46,125327,125328],{"class":426},"'''\n",[46,125330,125331],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,125332,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,125334,125335,125337,125339,125341],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,125336,91],{"class":90},[46,125338,94],{"class":60},[46,125340,89982],{"class":102},[46,125342,215],{"class":60},[20,125344,125345],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125347,125348],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[32,125350,125352],{"id":125351},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125354,882,125355,125357],{},[15,125356,47846],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125359,125360],{},"Example with a number:",[37,125362,125364],{"className":39,"code":125363,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125365,125366,125380,125390],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125369,34856],{"class":52},[46,125371,57],{"class":56},[46,125373,49067],{"class":1270},[46,125375,94],{"class":60},[46,125377,46691],{"class":64},[46,125379,215],{"class":60},[46,125381,125382,125384,125386,125388],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125383,91],{"class":90},[46,125385,94],{"class":60},[46,125387,34877],{"class":102},[46,125389,215],{"class":60},[46,125391,125392,125394,125396,125398,125400,125402],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,125393,91],{"class":90},[46,125395,94],{"class":60},[46,125397,1889],{"class":1270},[46,125399,94],{"class":60},[46,125401,34877],{"class":102},[46,125403,106],{"class":60},[20,125405,143],{},[37,125407,125409],{"className":39,"code":125408,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125410,125411,125415],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125412,125413],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125414,46777],{"class":64},[46,125416,125417,125419,125421,125423,125425,125427],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125418,3476],{"class":56},[46,125420,3479],{"class":1140},[46,125422,1197],{"class":426},[46,125424,1769],{"class":430},[46,125426,1188],{"class":426},[46,125428,3488],{"class":56},[20,125430,125431],{},"You can also convert other values:",[37,125433,125435],{"className":39,"code":125434,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125436,125437,125451],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125438,125439,125441,125443,125445,125447,125449],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125440,91],{"class":90},[46,125442,94],{"class":60},[46,125444,1769],{"class":1270},[46,125446,94],{"class":60},[46,125448,3787],{"class":1325},[46,125450,106],{"class":60},[46,125452,125453,125455,125457,125459,125461,125463],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125454,91],{"class":90},[46,125456,94],{"class":60},[46,125458,1769],{"class":1270},[46,125460,94],{"class":60},[46,125462,40309],{"class":64},[46,125464,106],{"class":60},[20,125466,125467],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[37,125469,125471],{"className":39,"code":125470,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125472,125473,125481,125503,125507],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125474,125475,125477,125479],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125476,21795],{"class":52},[46,125478,57],{"class":56},[46,125480,45390],{"class":64},[46,125482,125483,125485,125487,125489,125491,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125484,89965],{"class":52},[46,125486,57],{"class":56},[46,125488,438],{"class":426},[46,125490,89383],{"class":430},[46,125492,427],{"class":426},[46,125494,2640],{"class":56},[46,125496,49067],{"class":1270},[46,125498,94],{"class":60},[46,125500,9468],{"class":102},[46,125502,215],{"class":60},[46,125504,125505],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,125506,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,125508,125509,125511,125513,125515],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,125510,91],{"class":90},[46,125512,94],{"class":60},[46,125514,89982],{"class":102},[46,125516,215],{"class":60},[20,125518,125519,125520,3065,125524,507],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[501,125521,13,125522,506],{"href":42340},[15,125523,47846],{},[501,125525,125526],{"href":123238},"how to convert int to string in Python",[32,125528,125530],{"id":125529},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125532,125533],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125535,125536],{},"Both of these are valid:",[37,125538,125540],{"className":39,"code":125539,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125541,125542,125554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125543,125544,125546,125548,125550,125552],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125545,2741],{"class":52},[46,125547,57],{"class":56},[46,125549,1197],{"class":426},[46,125551,7470],{"class":430},[46,125553,29867],{"class":426},[46,125555,125556,125558,125560,125562,125564],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125557,2769],{"class":52},[46,125559,57],{"class":56},[46,125561,438],{"class":426},[46,125563,7470],{"class":430},[46,125565,3544],{"class":426},[20,125567,125568],{},"A common rule is:",[172,125570,125571,125574,125577],{},[175,125572,125573],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[175,125575,125576],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[175,125578,125579],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125581,2393],{},[37,125583,125585],{"className":39,"code":125584,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125586,125587,125601,125615,125619,125630],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125588,125589,125592,125594,125596,125599],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125590,125591],{"class":52},"text1 ",[46,125593,57],{"class":56},[46,125595,438],{"class":426},[46,125597,125598],{"class":430},"It's working",[46,125600,3544],{"class":426},[46,125602,125603,125606,125608,125610,125613],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125604,125605],{"class":52},"text2 ",[46,125607,57],{"class":56},[46,125609,1197],{"class":426},[46,125611,125612],{"class":430},"She said \"hello\"",[46,125614,29867],{"class":426},[46,125616,125617],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,125618,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,125620,125621,125623,125625,125628],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,125622,91],{"class":90},[46,125624,94],{"class":60},[46,125626,125627],{"class":102},"text1",[46,125629,215],{"class":60},[46,125631,125632,125634,125636,125639],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,125633,91],{"class":90},[46,125635,94],{"class":60},[46,125637,125638],{"class":102},"text2",[46,125640,215],{"class":60},[20,125642,125643],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[32,125645,125647],{"id":125646},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125649,125650],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125652,125653],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[37,125655,125657],{"className":39,"code":125656,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125658,125659,125664],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125660,125661],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125662,125663],{"class":3845},"# This will cause an error\n",[46,125665,125666],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125667,125668],{"class":3845},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125670,125671,125672,35499,125674,125677],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125673,1188],{},[15,125675,125676],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125679,125680],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[37,125682,125684],{"className":39,"code":125683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125685,125686,125705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125687,125688,125690,125692,125694,125697,125700,125703],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125689,34856],{"class":52},[46,125691,57],{"class":56},[46,125693,1197],{"class":426},[46,125695,125696],{"class":430},"It",[46,125698,125699],{"class":34622},"\\'",[46,125701,125702],{"class":430},"s working",[46,125704,29867],{"class":426},[46,125706,125707,125709,125711,125713],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125708,91],{"class":90},[46,125710,94],{"class":60},[46,125712,34877],{"class":102},[46,125714,215],{"class":60},[20,125716,125717],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[37,125719,125721],{"className":39,"code":125720,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125722,125723,125735],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125724,125725,125727,125729,125731,125733],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125726,34856],{"class":52},[46,125728,57],{"class":56},[46,125730,438],{"class":426},[46,125732,125598],{"class":430},[46,125734,3544],{"class":426},[46,125736,125737,125739,125741,125743],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125738,91],{"class":90},[46,125740,94],{"class":60},[46,125742,34877],{"class":102},[46,125744,215],{"class":60},[20,125746,125747],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125749,125750,125751,507],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[501,125752,125754],{"href":125753},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[32,125756,1834],{"id":1833},[20,125758,125759],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[283,125761,90172],{"id":90171},[20,125763,125764],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[37,125766,125768],{"className":39,"code":125767,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125769,125770,125774],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125771,125772],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125773,125663],{"class":3845},[46,125775,125776],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125777,125778],{"class":3845},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125780,125781,125782,8773,125785,125787],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125783,125784],{},"NameError",[15,125786,5178],{}," is not defined.",[20,125789,10975],{},[37,125791,125793],{"className":39,"code":125792,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125794,125795,125807],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125796,125797,125799,125801,125803,125805],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125798,8047],{"class":52},[46,125800,57],{"class":56},[46,125802,438],{"class":426},[46,125804,5178],{"class":430},[46,125806,3544],{"class":426},[46,125808,125809,125811,125813,125815],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125810,91],{"class":90},[46,125812,94],{"class":60},[46,125814,1009],{"class":102},[46,125816,215],{"class":60},[283,125818,125820],{"id":125819},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125822,125823],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[37,125825,125827],{"className":39,"code":125826,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125828,125829,125833],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125830,125831],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125832,125663],{"class":3845},[46,125834,125835],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125836,125837],{"class":3845},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125839,125840],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[37,125842,125844],{"className":39,"code":125843,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125845,125846,125863,125876,125880,125890],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125847,125848,125850,125852,125854,125856,125858,125861],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125849,125591],{"class":52},[46,125851,57],{"class":56},[46,125853,1197],{"class":426},[46,125855,125696],{"class":430},[46,125857,125699],{"class":34622},[46,125859,125860],{"class":430},"s good",[46,125862,29867],{"class":426},[46,125864,125865,125867,125869,125871,125874],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125866,125605],{"class":52},[46,125868,57],{"class":56},[46,125870,438],{"class":426},[46,125872,125873],{"class":430},"It's good",[46,125875,3544],{"class":426},[46,125877,125878],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,125879,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,125881,125882,125884,125886,125888],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,125883,91],{"class":90},[46,125885,94],{"class":60},[46,125887,125627],{"class":102},[46,125889,215],{"class":60},[46,125891,125892,125894,125896,125898],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,125893,91],{"class":90},[46,125895,94],{"class":60},[46,125897,125638],{"class":102},[46,125899,215],{"class":60},[283,125901,125903],{"id":125902},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125905,125906],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[37,125908,125910],{"className":39,"code":125909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125911,125912,125924],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125913,125914,125916,125918,125920,125922],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125915,34856],{"class":52},[46,125917,57],{"class":56},[46,125919,125267],{"class":426},[46,125921,4027],{"class":430},[46,125923,43500],{"class":426},[46,125925,125926,125928,125930,125932],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125927,91],{"class":90},[46,125929,94],{"class":60},[46,125931,34877],{"class":102},[46,125933,215],{"class":60},[20,125935,125936],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[37,125938,125940],{"className":39,"code":125939,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125941,125942,125954],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125943,125944,125946,125948,125950,125952],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125945,34856],{"class":52},[46,125947,57],{"class":56},[46,125949,438],{"class":426},[46,125951,4027],{"class":430},[46,125953,3544],{"class":426},[46,125955,125956,125958,125960,125962],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125957,91],{"class":90},[46,125959,94],{"class":60},[46,125961,34877],{"class":102},[46,125963,215],{"class":60},[283,125965,4754,125967,2051,125969,125971],{"id":125966},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125968,50409],{},[15,125970,50459],{}," are the same type",[20,125973,125974],{},"They are different:",[37,125976,125978],{"className":39,"code":125977,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125979,125980,125989,126002,126006,126020],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,125981,125982,125985,125987],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,125983,125984],{"class":52},"value1 ",[46,125986,57],{"class":56},[46,125988,124995],{"class":64},[46,125990,125991,125994,125996,125998,126000],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,125992,125993],{"class":52},"value2 ",[46,125995,57],{"class":56},[46,125997,438],{"class":426},[46,125999,50409],{"class":430},[46,126001,3544],{"class":426},[46,126003,126004],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,126005,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,126007,126008,126010,126012,126014,126016,126018],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,126009,91],{"class":90},[46,126011,94],{"class":60},[46,126013,1889],{"class":1270},[46,126015,94],{"class":60},[46,126017,224],{"class":102},[46,126019,106],{"class":60},[46,126021,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030,126033],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,126023,91],{"class":90},[46,126025,94],{"class":60},[46,126027,1889],{"class":1270},[46,126029,94],{"class":60},[46,126031,126032],{"class":102},"value2",[46,126034,106],{"class":60},[20,126036,143],{},[37,126038,126040],{"className":39,"code":126039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126041,126042,126056],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126043,126044,126046,126048,126050,126052,126054],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126045,3476],{"class":56},[46,126047,3479],{"class":1140},[46,126049,1197],{"class":426},[46,126051,1584],{"class":430},[46,126053,1188],{"class":426},[46,126055,3488],{"class":56},[46,126057,126058,126060,126062,126064,126066,126068],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126059,3476],{"class":56},[46,126061,3479],{"class":1140},[46,126063,1197],{"class":426},[46,126065,1769],{"class":430},[46,126067,1188],{"class":426},[46,126069,3488],{"class":56},[283,126071,126073],{"id":126072},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126075,126076],{},"This causes a type error:",[37,126078,126080],{"className":39,"code":126079,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126081,126082,126086,126091],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126083,126084],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126085,125663],{"class":3845},[46,126087,126088],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126089,126090],{"class":3845},"# age = 10\n",[46,126092,126093],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,126094,126095],{"class":3845},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126097,126098,126099,198],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126100,47846],{},[37,126102,126104],{"className":39,"code":126103,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126105,126106,126114,126136,126140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126107,126108,126110,126112],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126109,21795],{"class":52},[46,126111,57],{"class":56},[46,126113,2774],{"class":64},[46,126115,126116,126118,126120,126122,126124,126126,126128,126130,126132,126134],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126117,89965],{"class":52},[46,126119,57],{"class":56},[46,126121,438],{"class":426},[46,126123,89383],{"class":430},[46,126125,427],{"class":426},[46,126127,2640],{"class":56},[46,126129,49067],{"class":1270},[46,126131,94],{"class":60},[46,126133,9468],{"class":102},[46,126135,215],{"class":60},[46,126137,126138],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,126139,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,126141,126142,126144,126146,126148],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,126143,91],{"class":90},[46,126145,94],{"class":60},[46,126147,89982],{"class":102},[46,126149,215],{"class":60},[20,126151,126152,126153,507],{},"For this specific error, see ",[501,126154,90364],{"href":90363},[283,126156,60870],{"id":60869},[20,126158,126159],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[37,126161,126163],{"className":39,"code":126162,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126164,126165,126177,126181,126191,126205],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126166,126167,126169,126171,126173,126175],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126168,34856],{"class":52},[46,126170,57],{"class":56},[46,126172,438],{"class":426},[46,126174,4027],{"class":430},[46,126176,3544],{"class":426},[46,126178,126179],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126180,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,126182,126183,126185,126187,126189],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,126184,91],{"class":90},[46,126186,94],{"class":60},[46,126188,34877],{"class":102},[46,126190,215],{"class":60},[46,126192,126193,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,126194,91],{"class":90},[46,126196,94],{"class":60},[46,126198,1889],{"class":1270},[46,126200,94],{"class":60},[46,126202,34877],{"class":102},[46,126204,106],{"class":60},[46,126206,126207,126209,126211,126213,126215,126217],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,126208,91],{"class":90},[46,126210,94],{"class":60},[46,126212,41944],{"class":90},[46,126214,94],{"class":60},[46,126216,34877],{"class":102},[46,126218,106],{"class":60},[172,126220,126221,126226,126231],{},[175,126222,126223,46443],{},[15,126224,126225],{},"print(text)",[175,126227,126228,46448],{},[15,126229,126230],{},"print(type(text))",[175,126232,126233,126236],{},[15,126234,126235],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[32,126238,1991],{"id":1990},[283,126240,126242],{"id":126241},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126244,126245,126246,3065,126249,507],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126247,126248],{},"'hello'",[15,126250,64695],{},[283,126252,126254],{"id":126253},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126256,126257],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[283,126259,126261],{"id":126260},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126263,160,126264,3065,126266,507],{},[15,126265,6444],{},[15,126267,3955],{},[283,126269,126271],{"id":126270},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126273,160,126274,126276,126277,126279,126280,507],{},[15,126275,47846],{},", like ",[15,126278,80528],{},", which returns ",[15,126281,42291],{},[283,126283,126285],{"id":126284},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126287,126288],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[32,126290,2065],{"id":2064},[172,126292,126293,126297,126303,126308,126317,126321],{},[175,126294,126295],{},[501,126296,125068],{"href":51139},[175,126298,126299],{},[501,126300,13,126301,506],{"href":42340},[15,126302,47846],{},[175,126304,126305],{},[501,126306,126307],{"href":123238},"How to convert int to string in Python",[175,126309,126310],{},[501,126311,126313,126314,10910],{"href":126312},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126315,126316],{},"format()",[175,126318,126319],{},[501,126320,125754],{"href":125753},[175,126322,126323],{},[501,126324,90364],{"href":90363},[2103,126326,126327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":126329},[126330,126331,126332,126333,126334,126335,126336,126337,126338,126347,126354],{"id":15328,"depth":87,"text":15329},{"id":124907,"depth":87,"text":124908},{"id":125071,"depth":87,"text":125072},{"id":125146,"depth":87,"text":125147},{"id":125246,"depth":87,"text":125247},{"id":125351,"depth":87,"text":125352},{"id":125529,"depth":87,"text":125530},{"id":125646,"depth":87,"text":125647},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":126339},[126340,126341,126342,126343,126345,126346],{"id":90171,"depth":109,"text":90172},{"id":125819,"depth":109,"text":125820},{"id":125902,"depth":109,"text":125903},{"id":125966,"depth":109,"text":126344},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126072,"depth":109,"text":126073},{"id":60869,"depth":109,"text":60870},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":126348},[126349,126350,126351,126352,126353],{"id":126241,"depth":109,"text":126242},{"id":126253,"depth":109,"text":126254},{"id":126260,"depth":109,"text":126261},{"id":126270,"depth":109,"text":126271},{"id":126284,"depth":109,"text":126285},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124769,"description":126355},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126362,"title":126363,"body":126364,"description":128278,"extension":2150,"meta":128279,"navigation":112,"path":128280,"seo":128281,"stem":128282,"__hash__":128283},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126365,"toc":128239},[126366,126372,126377,126385,126387,126454,126456,126468,126477,126482,126486,126503,126505,126570,126572,126584,126589,126591,126619,126640,126643,126682,126684,126692,126696,126700,126704,126712,126715,126756,126758,126766,126769,126826,126828,126836,126840,126845,126889,126891,126899,126908,126912,126917,126965,126967,126975,126981,126983,126987,126999,127004,127083,127085,127105,127109,127113,127153,127155,127163,127167,127210,127212,127220,127224,127264,127266,127274,127278,127334,127336,127344,127350,127352,127356,127366,127433,127435,127448,127455,127498,127500,127508,127512,127515,127571,127573,127581,127584,127586,127663,127665,127673,127682,127684,127688,127692,127694,127716,127719,127766,127770,127809,127811,127819,127821,127863,127870,127875,127937,127939,127951,127957,127962,128011,128013,128032,128038,128040,128059,128061,128152,128154,128160,128167,128173,128179,128184,128193,128200,128208,128210,128236],[10,126367,123313,126369,11490],{"id":126368},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126370,126371],{},"endswith()",[20,126373,123318,126374,126376],{},[15,126375,126371],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126378,126379,126380,3065,126382,126384],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126381,3787],{},[15,126383,3856],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[32,126386,35],{"id":34},[37,126388,126390],{"className":39,"code":126389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126391,126392,126406,126431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126393,126394,126397,126399,126401,126404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126395,126396],{"class":52},"filename ",[46,126398,57],{"class":56},[46,126400,438],{"class":426},[46,126402,126403],{"class":430},"report.csv",[46,126405,3544],{"class":426},[46,126407,126408,126410,126412,126415,126417,126420,126422,126424,126427,126429],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126409,91],{"class":90},[46,126411,94],{"class":60},[46,126413,126414],{"class":102},"filename",[46,126416,507],{"class":60},[46,126418,126419],{"class":102},"endswith",[46,126421,94],{"class":60},[46,126423,427],{"class":426},[46,126425,126426],{"class":430},".csv",[46,126428,427],{"class":426},[46,126430,106],{"class":60},[46,126432,126433,126435,126437,126439,126441,126443,126445,126447,126450,126452],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,126434,91],{"class":90},[46,126436,94],{"class":60},[46,126438,126414],{"class":102},[46,126440,507],{"class":60},[46,126442,126419],{"class":102},[46,126444,94],{"class":60},[46,126446,427],{"class":426},[46,126448,126449],{"class":430},".txt",[46,126451,427],{"class":426},[46,126453,106],{"class":60},[20,126455,143],{},[37,126457,126458],{"className":39,"code":44338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,126459,126460,126464],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126461,126462],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126463,4157],{"class":1325},[46,126465,126466],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126467,4218],{"class":1325},[20,126469,160,126470,5541,126472,3065,126474,126476],{},[15,126471,126371],{},[15,126473,3787],{},[15,126475,3856],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[32,126478,167,126480,170],{"id":126479},"what-endswith-does",[15,126481,126371],{},[20,126483,126484,198],{},[15,126485,126371],{},[172,126487,126488,126491,126497,126500],{},[175,126489,126490],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[175,126492,11592,126493,3065,126495],{},[15,126494,3787],{},[15,126496,3856],{},[175,126498,126499],{},"Does not change the original string",[175,126501,126502],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126504,2393],{},[37,126506,126508],{"className":39,"code":126507,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126509,126510,126522,126526,126548],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126511,126512,126514,126516,126518,126520],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126513,34856],{"class":52},[46,126515,57],{"class":56},[46,126517,438],{"class":426},[46,126519,60566],{"class":430},[46,126521,3544],{"class":426},[46,126523,126524],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126525,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,126527,126528,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544,126546],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,126529,91],{"class":90},[46,126531,94],{"class":60},[46,126533,34877],{"class":102},[46,126535,507],{"class":60},[46,126537,126419],{"class":102},[46,126539,94],{"class":60},[46,126541,427],{"class":426},[46,126543,60751],{"class":430},[46,126545,427],{"class":426},[46,126547,106],{"class":60},[46,126549,126550,126552,126554,126556,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,126551,91],{"class":90},[46,126553,94],{"class":60},[46,126555,34877],{"class":102},[46,126557,507],{"class":60},[46,126559,126419],{"class":102},[46,126561,94],{"class":60},[46,126563,427],{"class":426},[46,126565,4027],{"class":430},[46,126567,427],{"class":426},[46,126569,106],{"class":60},[20,126571,143],{},[37,126573,126574],{"className":39,"code":44338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,126575,126576,126580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126577,126578],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126579,4157],{"class":1325},[46,126581,126582],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126583,4218],{"class":1325},[20,126585,126586,126587,507],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[501,126588,125068],{"href":51139},[32,126590,2343],{"id":2342},[37,126592,126594],{"className":39,"code":126593,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126595,126596],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126597,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606,126609,126611,126613,126615,126617],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126599,61334],{"class":52},[46,126601,507],{"class":60},[46,126603,126419],{"class":102},[46,126605,94],{"class":60},[46,126607,126608],{"class":102},"suffix",[46,126610,68],{"class":60},[46,126612,36220],{"class":102},[46,126614,68],{"class":60},[46,126616,65201],{"class":102},[46,126618,215],{"class":60},[172,126620,126621,126626,126633],{},[175,126622,126623,126625],{},[15,126624,126608],{}," is required",[175,126627,126628,2051,126630,126632],{},[15,126629,36241],{},[15,126631,52823],{}," are optional",[175,126634,126635,2051,126637,126639],{},[15,126636,36241],{},[15,126638,52823],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126641,126642],{},"Basic example:",[37,126644,126646],{"className":39,"code":126645,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126647,126648,126660],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126649,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126651,126396],{"class":52},[46,126653,57],{"class":56},[46,126655,438],{"class":426},[46,126657,86853],{"class":430},[46,126659,3544],{"class":426},[46,126661,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126663,91],{"class":90},[46,126665,94],{"class":60},[46,126667,126414],{"class":102},[46,126669,507],{"class":60},[46,126671,126419],{"class":102},[46,126673,94],{"class":60},[46,126675,427],{"class":426},[46,126677,126449],{"class":430},[46,126679,427],{"class":426},[46,126681,106],{"class":60},[20,126683,143],{},[37,126685,126686],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,126687,126688],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126689,126690],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126691,4157],{"class":1325},[32,126693,126695],{"id":126694},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[283,126697,126698],{"id":126608},[15,126699,126608],{},[20,126701,126702,30918],{},[15,126703,126608],{},[172,126705,126706,126709],{},[175,126707,126708],{},"A single string",[175,126710,126711],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126713,126714],{},"Single suffix:",[37,126716,126718],{"className":39,"code":126717,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126719,126720,126733],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126721,126722,126724,126726,126728,126731],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126723,8047],{"class":52},[46,126725,57],{"class":56},[46,126727,438],{"class":426},[46,126729,126730],{"class":430},"image.png",[46,126732,3544],{"class":426},[46,126734,126735,126737,126739,126741,126743,126745,126747,126749,126752,126754],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126736,91],{"class":90},[46,126738,94],{"class":60},[46,126740,1009],{"class":102},[46,126742,507],{"class":60},[46,126744,126419],{"class":102},[46,126746,94],{"class":60},[46,126748,427],{"class":426},[46,126750,126751],{"class":430},".png",[46,126753,427],{"class":426},[46,126755,106],{"class":60},[20,126757,143],{},[37,126759,126760],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,126761,126762],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126763,126764],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126765,4157],{"class":1325},[20,126767,126768],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[37,126770,126772],{"className":39,"code":126771,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126773,126774,126786],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126775,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126777,8047],{"class":52},[46,126779,57],{"class":56},[46,126781,438],{"class":426},[46,126783,126730],{"class":430},[46,126785,3544],{"class":426},[46,126787,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796,126798,126800,126802,126805,126807,126809,126811,126813,126815,126817,126819,126822,126824],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126789,91],{"class":90},[46,126791,94],{"class":60},[46,126793,1009],{"class":102},[46,126795,507],{"class":60},[46,126797,126419],{"class":102},[46,126799,5682],{"class":60},[46,126801,427],{"class":426},[46,126803,126804],{"class":430},".jpg",[46,126806,427],{"class":426},[46,126808,68],{"class":60},[46,126810,438],{"class":426},[46,126812,126751],{"class":430},[46,126814,427],{"class":426},[46,126816,68],{"class":60},[46,126818,438],{"class":426},[46,126820,126821],{"class":430},".gif",[46,126823,427],{"class":426},[46,126825,3099],{"class":60},[20,126827,143],{},[37,126829,126830],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,126831,126832],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126833,126834],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126835,4157],{"class":1325},[283,126837,126838],{"id":36241},[15,126839,36241],{},[20,126841,126842,126844],{},[15,126843,36241],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[37,126846,126848],{"className":39,"code":126847,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126849,126850,126863],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126851,126852,126854,126856,126858,126861],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126853,34856],{"class":52},[46,126855,57],{"class":56},[46,126857,438],{"class":426},[46,126859,126860],{"class":430},"my_report.csv",[46,126862,3544],{"class":426},[46,126864,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126866,91],{"class":90},[46,126868,94],{"class":60},[46,126870,34877],{"class":102},[46,126872,507],{"class":60},[46,126874,126419],{"class":102},[46,126876,94],{"class":60},[46,126878,427],{"class":426},[46,126880,126426],{"class":430},[46,126882,427],{"class":426},[46,126884,68],{"class":60},[46,126886,312],{"class":64},[46,126888,106],{"class":60},[20,126890,143],{},[37,126892,126893],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,126894,126895],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126896,126897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126898,4157],{"class":1325},[20,126900,126901,126902,126904,126905,507],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126903,2249],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126906,126907],{},"\"report.csv\"",[283,126909,126910],{"id":52823},[15,126911,52823],{},[20,126913,126914,126916],{},[15,126915,52823],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[37,126918,126920],{"className":39,"code":126919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126921,126922,126935],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126923,126924,126926,126928,126930,126933],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126925,34856],{"class":52},[46,126927,57],{"class":56},[46,126929,438],{"class":426},[46,126931,126932],{"class":430},"report.csv backup",[46,126934,3544],{"class":426},[46,126936,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959,126961,126963],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,126938,91],{"class":90},[46,126940,94],{"class":60},[46,126942,34877],{"class":102},[46,126944,507],{"class":60},[46,126946,126419],{"class":102},[46,126948,94],{"class":60},[46,126950,427],{"class":426},[46,126952,126426],{"class":430},[46,126954,427],{"class":426},[46,126956,68],{"class":60},[46,126958,4015],{"class":64},[46,126960,68],{"class":60},[46,126962,6176],{"class":64},[46,126964,106],{"class":60},[20,126966,143],{},[37,126968,126969],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,126970,126971],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,126972,126973],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,126974,4157],{"class":1325},[20,126976,126977,126978,126980],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126979,126907],{}," and ignores the rest.",[32,126982,17585],{"id":17584},[20,126984,126985,25676],{},[15,126986,126371],{},[172,126988,126989,126994],{},[175,126990,126991,126993],{},[15,126992,3787],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[175,126995,126996,126998],{},[15,126997,3856],{}," if it does not",[20,127000,127001,127002,7345],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127003,7170],{},[37,127005,127007],{"className":39,"code":127006,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127008,127009,127022,127026,127047,127062,127068],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127010,127011,127013,127015,127017,127020],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127012,126396],{"class":52},[46,127014,57],{"class":56},[46,127016,438],{"class":426},[46,127018,127019],{"class":430},"data.csv",[46,127021,3544],{"class":426},[46,127023,127024],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127025,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,127027,127028,127030,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,127029,7170],{"class":1595},[46,127031,127032],{"class":52}," filename",[46,127034,507],{"class":60},[46,127036,126419],{"class":102},[46,127038,94],{"class":60},[46,127040,427],{"class":426},[46,127042,126426],{"class":430},[46,127044,427],{"class":426},[46,127046,8514],{"class":60},[46,127048,127049,127051,127053,127055,127058,127060],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,127050,8240],{"class":90},[46,127052,94],{"class":60},[46,127054,427],{"class":426},[46,127056,127057],{"class":430},"This is a CSV file.",[46,127059,427],{"class":426},[46,127061,215],{"class":60},[46,127063,127064,127066],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,127065,27601],{"class":1595},[46,127067,6566],{"class":60},[46,127069,127070,127072,127074,127076,127079,127081],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,127071,8240],{"class":90},[46,127073,94],{"class":60},[46,127075,427],{"class":426},[46,127077,127078],{"class":430},"This is not a CSV file.",[46,127080,427],{"class":426},[46,127082,215],{"class":60},[20,127084,143],{},[37,127086,127088],{"className":39,"code":127087,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127089,127090],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127091,127092,127094,127096,127098,127101,127103],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127093,50042],{"class":52},[46,127095,1283],{"class":56},[46,127097,44709],{"class":52},[46,127099,127100],{"class":34622},"CSV",[46,127102,86594],{"class":86593},[46,127104,122345],{"class":60},[32,127106,127108],{"id":127107},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[283,127110,127112],{"id":127111},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[37,127114,127116],{"className":39,"code":127115,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127117,127118,127131],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127119,127120,127122,127124,127126,127129],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127121,126396],{"class":52},[46,127123,57],{"class":56},[46,127125,438],{"class":426},[46,127127,127128],{"class":430},"sales.csv",[46,127130,3544],{"class":426},[46,127132,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143,127145,127147,127149,127151],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127134,91],{"class":90},[46,127136,94],{"class":60},[46,127138,126414],{"class":102},[46,127140,507],{"class":60},[46,127142,126419],{"class":102},[46,127144,94],{"class":60},[46,127146,427],{"class":426},[46,127148,126426],{"class":430},[46,127150,427],{"class":426},[46,127152,106],{"class":60},[20,127154,143],{},[37,127156,127157],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127158,127159],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127160,127161],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127162,4157],{"class":1325},[283,127164,127166],{"id":127165},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[37,127168,127170],{"className":39,"code":127169,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127171,127172,127186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127173,127174,127177,127179,127181,127184],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127175,127176],{"class":52},"url ",[46,127178,57],{"class":56},[46,127180,438],{"class":426},[46,127182,127183],{"class":430},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[46,127185,3544],{"class":426},[46,127187,127188,127190,127192,127195,127197,127199,127201,127203,127206,127208],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127189,91],{"class":90},[46,127191,94],{"class":60},[46,127193,127194],{"class":102},"url",[46,127196,507],{"class":60},[46,127198,126419],{"class":102},[46,127200,94],{"class":60},[46,127202,427],{"class":426},[46,127204,127205],{"class":430},"\u002F",[46,127207,427],{"class":426},[46,127209,106],{"class":60},[20,127211,143],{},[37,127213,127214],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127215,127216],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127217,127218],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127219,4157],{"class":1325},[283,127221,127223],{"id":127222},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[37,127225,127227],{"className":39,"code":127226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127228,127229,127242],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127230,127231,127233,127235,127237,127240],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127232,89965],{"class":52},[46,127234,57],{"class":56},[46,127236,438],{"class":426},[46,127238,127239],{"class":430},"Hello!",[46,127241,3544],{"class":426},[46,127243,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254,127256,127258,127260,127262],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127245,91],{"class":90},[46,127247,94],{"class":60},[46,127249,89982],{"class":102},[46,127251,507],{"class":60},[46,127253,126419],{"class":102},[46,127255,94],{"class":60},[46,127257,427],{"class":426},[46,127259,89806],{"class":430},[46,127261,427],{"class":426},[46,127263,106],{"class":60},[20,127265,143],{},[37,127267,127268],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127269,127270],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127271,127272],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127273,4157],{"class":1325},[283,127275,127277],{"id":127276},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[37,127279,127281],{"className":39,"code":127280,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127282,127283,127296],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127284,127285,127287,127289,127291,127294],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127286,126396],{"class":52},[46,127288,57],{"class":56},[46,127290,438],{"class":426},[46,127292,127293],{"class":430},"photo.jpg",[46,127295,3544],{"class":426},[46,127297,127298,127300,127302,127304,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320,127322,127324,127326,127328,127330,127332],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127299,91],{"class":90},[46,127301,94],{"class":60},[46,127303,126414],{"class":102},[46,127305,507],{"class":60},[46,127307,126419],{"class":102},[46,127309,5682],{"class":60},[46,127311,427],{"class":426},[46,127313,126804],{"class":430},[46,127315,427],{"class":426},[46,127317,68],{"class":60},[46,127319,438],{"class":426},[46,127321,126751],{"class":430},[46,127323,427],{"class":426},[46,127325,68],{"class":60},[46,127327,438],{"class":426},[46,127329,126821],{"class":430},[46,127331,427],{"class":426},[46,127333,3099],{"class":60},[20,127335,143],{},[37,127337,127338],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127339,127340],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127341,127342],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127343,4157],{"class":1325},[20,127345,127346,127347,507],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[501,127348,127349],{"href":123568},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[32,127351,123960],{"id":123959},[20,127353,127354,123771],{},[15,127355,126371],{},[20,127357,127358,127359,2051,127362,127365],{},"That means ",[15,127360,127361],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127363,127364],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[37,127367,127369],{"className":39,"code":127368,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127370,127371,127384,127388,127410],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127372,127373,127375,127377,127379,127382],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127374,126396],{"class":52},[46,127376,57],{"class":56},[46,127378,438],{"class":426},[46,127380,127381],{"class":430},"REPORT.CSV",[46,127383,3544],{"class":426},[46,127385,127386],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127387,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,127389,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,127391,91],{"class":90},[46,127393,94],{"class":60},[46,127395,126414],{"class":102},[46,127397,507],{"class":60},[46,127399,126419],{"class":102},[46,127401,94],{"class":60},[46,127403,427],{"class":426},[46,127405,126426],{"class":430},[46,127407,427],{"class":426},[46,127409,106],{"class":60},[46,127411,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127429,127431],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,127413,91],{"class":90},[46,127415,94],{"class":60},[46,127417,126414],{"class":102},[46,127419,507],{"class":60},[46,127421,126419],{"class":102},[46,127423,94],{"class":60},[46,127425,427],{"class":426},[46,127427,127428],{"class":430},".CSV",[46,127430,427],{"class":426},[46,127432,106],{"class":60},[20,127434,143],{},[37,127436,127438],{"className":39,"code":127437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127439,127440,127444],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127441,127442],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127443,4218],{"class":1325},[46,127445,127446],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127447,4157],{"class":1325},[20,127449,127450,127451,507],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[501,127452,127453],{"href":124040},[15,127454,124043],{},[37,127456,127458],{"className":39,"code":127457,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127459,127460,127472],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127461,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127463,126396],{"class":52},[46,127465,57],{"class":56},[46,127467,438],{"class":426},[46,127469,127381],{"class":430},[46,127471,3544],{"class":426},[46,127473,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490,127492,127494,127496],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127475,91],{"class":90},[46,127477,94],{"class":60},[46,127479,126414],{"class":102},[46,127481,507],{"class":60},[46,127483,1775],{"class":102},[46,127485,8809],{"class":60},[46,127487,126419],{"class":102},[46,127489,94],{"class":60},[46,127491,427],{"class":426},[46,127493,126426],{"class":430},[46,127495,427],{"class":426},[46,127497,106],{"class":60},[20,127499,143],{},[37,127501,127502],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127503,127504],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127505,127506],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127507,4157],{"class":1325},[32,127509,127511],{"id":127510},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127513,127514],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[37,127516,127518],{"className":39,"code":127517,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127519,127520,127533],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127521,127522,127524,127526,127528,127531],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127523,126396],{"class":52},[46,127525,57],{"class":56},[46,127527,438],{"class":426},[46,127529,127530],{"class":430},"picture.gif",[46,127532,3544],{"class":426},[46,127534,127535,127537,127539,127541,127543,127545,127547,127549,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567,127569],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127536,91],{"class":90},[46,127538,94],{"class":60},[46,127540,126414],{"class":102},[46,127542,507],{"class":60},[46,127544,126419],{"class":102},[46,127546,5682],{"class":60},[46,127548,427],{"class":426},[46,127550,126804],{"class":430},[46,127552,427],{"class":426},[46,127554,68],{"class":60},[46,127556,438],{"class":426},[46,127558,126751],{"class":430},[46,127560,427],{"class":426},[46,127562,68],{"class":60},[46,127564,438],{"class":426},[46,127566,126821],{"class":430},[46,127568,427],{"class":426},[46,127570,3099],{"class":60},[20,127572,143],{},[37,127574,127575],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127576,127577],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127578,127579],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127580,4157],{"class":1325},[20,127582,127583],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127585,52243],{},[37,127587,127589],{"className":39,"code":127588,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127590,127591,127604,127639,127643],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127592,127593,127596,127598,127600,127602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127594,127595],{"class":52},"document ",[46,127597,57],{"class":56},[46,127599,438],{"class":426},[46,127601,86853],{"class":430},[46,127603,3544],{"class":426},[46,127605,127606,127609,127611,127613,127615,127617,127619,127621,127623,127626,127628,127630,127632,127635,127637],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127607,127608],{"class":52},"allowed ",[46,127610,57],{"class":56},[46,127612,9406],{"class":60},[46,127614,427],{"class":426},[46,127616,126449],{"class":430},[46,127618,427],{"class":426},[46,127620,68],{"class":60},[46,127622,438],{"class":426},[46,127624,127625],{"class":430},".md",[46,127627,427],{"class":426},[46,127629,68],{"class":60},[46,127631,438],{"class":426},[46,127633,127634],{"class":430},".docx",[46,127636,427],{"class":426},[46,127638,215],{"class":60},[46,127640,127641],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,127642,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,127644,127645,127647,127649,127652,127654,127656,127658,127661],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,127646,91],{"class":90},[46,127648,94],{"class":60},[46,127650,127651],{"class":102},"document",[46,127653,507],{"class":60},[46,127655,126419],{"class":102},[46,127657,94],{"class":60},[46,127659,127660],{"class":102},"allowed",[46,127662,106],{"class":60},[20,127664,143],{},[37,127666,127667],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127668,127669],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127670,127671],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127672,4157],{"class":1325},[20,127674,127675,127676,507],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[501,127677,126313,127679,10910],{"href":127678},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127680,127681],{},"startswith()",[32,127683,1834],{"id":1833},[20,127685,8619,127686,507],{},[15,127687,126371],{},[283,127689,127691],{"id":127690},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127693,4700],{},[37,127695,127697],{"className":39,"code":127696,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127698,127699,127711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127700,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127702,126396],{"class":52},[46,127704,57],{"class":56},[46,127706,438],{"class":426},[46,127708,127293],{"class":430},[46,127710,3544],{"class":426},[46,127712,127713],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127714,127715],{"class":3845},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127717,127718],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[37,127720,127722],{"className":39,"code":127721,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127723,127724,127736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127725,127726,127728,127730,127732,127734],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127727,126396],{"class":52},[46,127729,57],{"class":56},[46,127731,438],{"class":426},[46,127733,127293],{"class":430},[46,127735,3544],{"class":426},[46,127737,127738,127740,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127739,91],{"class":90},[46,127741,94],{"class":60},[46,127743,126414],{"class":102},[46,127745,507],{"class":60},[46,127747,126419],{"class":102},[46,127749,5682],{"class":60},[46,127751,427],{"class":426},[46,127753,126804],{"class":430},[46,127755,427],{"class":426},[46,127757,68],{"class":60},[46,127759,438],{"class":426},[46,127761,126751],{"class":430},[46,127763,427],{"class":426},[46,127765,3099],{"class":60},[283,127767,127769],{"id":127768},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[37,127771,127773],{"className":39,"code":127772,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127774,127775,127787],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127776,127777,127779,127781,127783,127785],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127778,126396],{"class":52},[46,127780,57],{"class":56},[46,127782,438],{"class":426},[46,127784,127381],{"class":430},[46,127786,3544],{"class":426},[46,127788,127789,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127790,91],{"class":90},[46,127792,94],{"class":60},[46,127794,126414],{"class":102},[46,127796,507],{"class":60},[46,127798,126419],{"class":102},[46,127800,94],{"class":60},[46,127802,427],{"class":426},[46,127804,126426],{"class":430},[46,127806,427],{"class":426},[46,127808,106],{"class":60},[20,127810,143],{},[37,127812,127813],{"className":39,"code":4218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127814,127815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127816,127817],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127818,4218],{"class":1325},[20,127820,39427],{},[37,127822,127823],{"className":39,"code":127457,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127824,127825,127837],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127826,127827,127829,127831,127833,127835],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127828,126396],{"class":52},[46,127830,57],{"class":56},[46,127832,438],{"class":426},[46,127834,127381],{"class":430},[46,127836,3544],{"class":426},[46,127838,127839,127841,127843,127845,127847,127849,127851,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127840,91],{"class":90},[46,127842,94],{"class":60},[46,127844,126414],{"class":102},[46,127846,507],{"class":60},[46,127848,1775],{"class":102},[46,127850,8809],{"class":60},[46,127852,126419],{"class":102},[46,127854,94],{"class":60},[46,127856,427],{"class":426},[46,127858,126426],{"class":430},[46,127860,427],{"class":426},[46,127862,106],{"class":60},[283,127864,37372,127866,8876,127868],{"id":127865},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127867,126371],{},[15,127869,1602],{},[20,127871,127872,127874],{},[15,127873,126371],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[37,127876,127878],{"className":39,"code":127877,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127879,127880,127893,127897,127919],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127881,127882,127884,127886,127888,127891],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127883,34856],{"class":52},[46,127885,57],{"class":56},[46,127887,438],{"class":426},[46,127889,127890],{"class":430},"my_report.csv.backup",[46,127892,3544],{"class":426},[46,127894,127895],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127896,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,127898,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915,127917],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,127900,91],{"class":90},[46,127902,94],{"class":60},[46,127904,34877],{"class":102},[46,127906,507],{"class":60},[46,127908,126419],{"class":102},[46,127910,94],{"class":60},[46,127912,427],{"class":426},[46,127914,126426],{"class":430},[46,127916,427],{"class":426},[46,127918,106],{"class":60},[46,127920,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,127922,91],{"class":90},[46,127924,94],{"class":60},[46,127926,427],{"class":426},[46,127928,126426],{"class":430},[46,127930,427],{"class":426},[46,127932,21341],{"class":1595},[46,127934,43005],{"class":102},[46,127936,215],{"class":60},[20,127938,143],{},[37,127940,127941],{"className":39,"code":127437,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,127942,127943,127947],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127944,127945],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127946,4218],{"class":1325},[46,127948,127949],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127950,4157],{"class":1325},[283,127952,1853,127954,127956],{"id":127953},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127955,126371],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127958,127959,127961],{},[15,127960,126371],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[37,127963,127965],{"className":39,"code":127964,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127966,127967,127979,128001],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,127968,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,127970,126396],{"class":52},[46,127972,57],{"class":56},[46,127974,438],{"class":426},[46,127976,126403],{"class":430},[46,127978,3544],{"class":426},[46,127980,127981,127983,127985,127987,127989,127991,127993,127995,127997,127999],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,127982,91],{"class":90},[46,127984,94],{"class":60},[46,127986,126414],{"class":102},[46,127988,507],{"class":60},[46,127990,126419],{"class":102},[46,127992,94],{"class":60},[46,127994,427],{"class":426},[46,127996,126426],{"class":430},[46,127998,427],{"class":426},[46,128000,106],{"class":60},[46,128002,128003,128005,128007,128009],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,128004,91],{"class":90},[46,128006,94],{"class":60},[46,128008,126414],{"class":102},[46,128010,215],{"class":60},[20,128012,143],{},[37,128014,128016],{"className":39,"code":128015,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128017,128018,128022],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128019,128020],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128021,4157],{"class":1325},[46,128023,128024,128027,128029],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,128025,128026],{"class":52},"report",[46,128028,507],{"class":60},[46,128030,128031],{"class":1774},"csv\n",[20,128033,128034,128035,507],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[501,128036,128037],{"href":124481},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128039,66223],{},[172,128041,128042,128045,128048,128051],{},[175,128043,128044],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[175,128046,128047],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[175,128049,128050],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[175,128052,578,128053,44794,128055,3065,128057,111510],{},[15,128054,126371],{},[15,128056,124484],{},[15,128058,41818],{},[20,128060,30303],{},[37,128062,128064],{"className":39,"code":128063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128065,128066,128076,128090,128112,128138],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128067,128068,128070,128072,128074],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128069,91],{"class":90},[46,128071,94],{"class":60},[46,128073,34877],{"class":102},[46,128075,215],{"class":60},[46,128077,128078,128080,128082,128084,128086,128088],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,128079,91],{"class":90},[46,128081,94],{"class":60},[46,128083,41944],{"class":90},[46,128085,94],{"class":60},[46,128087,34877],{"class":102},[46,128089,106],{"class":60},[46,128091,128092,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128110],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,128093,91],{"class":90},[46,128095,94],{"class":60},[46,128097,34877],{"class":102},[46,128099,507],{"class":60},[46,128101,126419],{"class":102},[46,128103,94],{"class":60},[46,128105,1188],{"class":426},[46,128107,126426],{"class":430},[46,128109,1188],{"class":426},[46,128111,106],{"class":60},[46,128113,128114,128116,128118,128120,128122,128124,128126,128128,128130,128132,128134,128136],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,128115,91],{"class":90},[46,128117,94],{"class":60},[46,128119,34877],{"class":102},[46,128121,507],{"class":60},[46,128123,1775],{"class":102},[46,128125,8809],{"class":60},[46,128127,126419],{"class":102},[46,128129,94],{"class":60},[46,128131,1188],{"class":426},[46,128133,126426],{"class":430},[46,128135,1188],{"class":426},[46,128137,106],{"class":60},[46,128139,128140,128142,128144,128146,128148,128150],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,128141,91],{"class":90},[46,128143,94],{"class":60},[46,128145,1889],{"class":1270},[46,128147,94],{"class":60},[46,128149,34877],{"class":102},[46,128151,106],{"class":60},[32,128153,1991],{"id":1990},[283,128155,12872,128157,128159],{"id":128156},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128158,126371],{}," change the string?",[20,128161,128162,128163,3065,128165,507],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128164,3787],{},[15,128166,3856],{},[283,128168,2005,128170,128172],{"id":128169},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128171,126371],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128174,128175,128176,507],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128177,128178],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[283,128180,15069,128182,124649],{"id":128181},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128183,126371],{},[20,128185,128186,128187,3065,128189,128192],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128188,124043],{},[15,128190,128191],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[283,128194,2048,128196,2051,128198,2035],{"id":128195},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128197,126371],{},[15,128199,124308],{},[20,128201,128202,128204,128205,128207],{},[15,128203,126371],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128206,124308],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[32,128209,2065],{"id":2064},[172,128211,128212,128218,128224,128228,128232],{},[175,128213,128214],{},[501,128215,126313,128216,10910],{"href":127678},[15,128217,127681],{},[175,128219,128220],{},[501,128221,126313,128222,10910],{"href":124040},[15,128223,124043],{},[175,128225,128226],{},[501,128227,124712],{"href":123568},[175,128229,128230],{},[501,128231,124719],{"href":124481},[175,128233,128234],{},[501,128235,125068],{"href":51139},[2103,128237,128238],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":128240},[128241,128242,128244,128245,128250,128251,128257,128258,128259,128267,128277],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":126479,"depth":87,"text":128243},"What endswith() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":126694,"depth":87,"text":126695,"children":128246},[128247,128248,128249],{"id":126608,"depth":109,"text":126608},{"id":36241,"depth":109,"text":36241},{"id":52823,"depth":109,"text":52823},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":127107,"depth":87,"text":127108,"children":128252},[128253,128254,128255,128256],{"id":127111,"depth":109,"text":127112},{"id":127165,"depth":109,"text":127166},{"id":127222,"depth":109,"text":127223},{"id":127276,"depth":109,"text":127277},{"id":123959,"depth":87,"text":123960},{"id":127510,"depth":87,"text":127511},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":128260},[128261,128262,128263,128265],{"id":127690,"depth":109,"text":127691},{"id":127768,"depth":109,"text":127769},{"id":127865,"depth":109,"text":128264},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127953,"depth":109,"text":128266},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":128268},[128269,128271,128273,128275],{"id":128156,"depth":109,"text":128270},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128169,"depth":109,"text":128272},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128181,"depth":109,"text":128274},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128195,"depth":109,"text":128276},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126363,"description":128278},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128285,"title":128286,"body":128287,"description":129955,"extension":2150,"meta":129956,"navigation":112,"path":129957,"seo":129958,"stem":129959,"__hash__":129960},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128288,"toc":129928},[128289,128294,128299,128304,128309,128402,128412,128417,128422,128437,128439,128521,128529,128531,128533,128560,128562,128578,128585,128587,128695,128697,128702,128718,128720,128815,128823,128826,128832,128837,128842,128849,128988,128991,129004,129006,129010,129017,129087,129090,129139,129146,129153,129167,129172,129177,129223,129269,129285,129287,129292,129306,129309,129431,129436,129438,129443,129476,129479,129555,129557,129566,129580,129583,129667,129670,129781,129784,129812,129814,129821,129825,129831,129834,129840,129843,129850,129861,129867,129874,129876,129925],[10,128290,123313,128292,11490],{"id":128291},"python-string-find-method",[15,128293,124308],{},[20,128295,123318,128296,128298],{},[15,128297,124308],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128300,128301,128302,507],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128303,66014],{},[20,128305,160,128306,128308],{},[15,128307,124308],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[37,128310,128312],{"className":39,"code":128311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128313,128314,128326,128349,128362,128366,128389],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128315,128316,128318,128320,128322,128324],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128317,34856],{"class":52},[46,128319,57],{"class":56},[46,128321,438],{"class":426},[46,128323,60566],{"class":430},[46,128325,3544],{"class":426},[46,128327,128328,128330,128332,128334,128336,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,128329,65080],{"class":52},[46,128331,57],{"class":56},[46,128333,43005],{"class":52},[46,128335,507],{"class":60},[46,128337,128338],{"class":102},"find",[46,128340,94],{"class":60},[46,128342,427],{"class":426},[46,128344,60751],{"class":430},[46,128346,427],{"class":426},[46,128348,215],{"class":60},[46,128350,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,128352,91],{"class":90},[46,128354,94],{"class":60},[46,128356,65107],{"class":102},[46,128358,1592],{"class":60},[46,128360,128361],{"class":3845},"   # 6\n",[46,128363,128364],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,128365,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,128367,128368,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,128369,128370],{"class":52},"missing ",[46,128372,57],{"class":56},[46,128374,43005],{"class":52},[46,128376,507],{"class":60},[46,128378,128338],{"class":102},[46,128380,94],{"class":60},[46,128382,427],{"class":426},[46,128384,41],{"class":430},[46,128386,427],{"class":426},[46,128388,215],{"class":60},[46,128390,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,128392,91],{"class":90},[46,128394,94],{"class":60},[46,128396,26940],{"class":102},[46,128398,1592],{"class":60},[46,128400,128401],{"class":3845},"    # -1\n",[43744,128403,128404],{},[20,128405,160,128406,128408,128409,128411],{},[15,128407,124308],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128410,66014],{}," if the substring is not found.",[32,128413,167,128415,170],{"id":128414},"what-find-does",[15,128416,124308],{},[20,128418,128419,128421],{},[15,128420,124308],{}," is a string method that:",[172,128423,128424,128427,128430,128435],{},[175,128425,128426],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[175,128428,128429],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[175,128431,11592,128432,128434],{},[15,128433,66014],{}," if no match is found",[175,128436,126499],{},[20,128438,2393],{},[37,128440,128442],{"className":39,"code":128441,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128443,128444,128456,128460,128484,128508],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128445,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128447,34856],{"class":52},[46,128449,57],{"class":56},[46,128451,438],{"class":426},[46,128453,450],{"class":430},[46,128455,3544],{"class":426},[46,128457,128458],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,128459,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,128461,128462,128464,128466,128468,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478,128480,128482],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,128463,91],{"class":90},[46,128465,94],{"class":60},[46,128467,34877],{"class":102},[46,128469,507],{"class":60},[46,128471,128338],{"class":102},[46,128473,94],{"class":60},[46,128475,427],{"class":426},[46,128477,123406],{"class":430},[46,128479,427],{"class":426},[46,128481,5533],{"class":60},[46,128483,57807],{"class":3845},[46,128485,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,128487,91],{"class":90},[46,128489,94],{"class":60},[46,128491,34877],{"class":102},[46,128493,507],{"class":60},[46,128495,128338],{"class":102},[46,128497,94],{"class":60},[46,128499,427],{"class":426},[46,128501,1589],{"class":430},[46,128503,427],{"class":426},[46,128505,5533],{"class":60},[46,128507,128401],{"class":3845},[46,128509,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,128511,91],{"class":90},[46,128513,94],{"class":60},[46,128515,34877],{"class":102},[46,128517,1592],{"class":60},[46,128519,128520],{"class":3845},"              # banana\n",[20,128522,20938,128523,128526,128527,507],{},[15,128524,128525],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128528,2243],{},[32,128530,2343],{"id":2342},[20,128532,2346],{},[37,128534,128536],{"className":39,"code":128535,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128537,128538],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128539,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128541,61334],{"class":52},[46,128543,507],{"class":60},[46,128545,128338],{"class":102},[46,128547,94],{"class":60},[46,128549,2659],{"class":102},[46,128551,68],{"class":60},[46,128553,36220],{"class":102},[46,128555,68],{"class":60},[46,128557,65201],{"class":102},[46,128559,215],{"class":60},[283,128561,17561],{"id":17560},[172,128563,128564,128568,128573],{},[175,128565,128566,123505],{},[15,128567,2659],{},[175,128569,128570,128572],{},[15,128571,36241],{},": optional starting position",[175,128574,128575,128577],{},[15,128576,52823],{},": optional ending position",[20,128579,128580,2051,128582,128584],{},[15,128581,36241],{},[15,128583,52823],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128586,126642],{},[37,128588,128590],{"className":39,"code":128589,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128591,128592,128604,128608,128633,128662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128593,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128595,34856],{"class":52},[46,128597,57],{"class":56},[46,128599,438],{"class":426},[46,128601,60566],{"class":430},[46,128603,3544],{"class":426},[46,128605,128606],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,128607,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,128609,128610,128612,128614,128616,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,128611,91],{"class":90},[46,128613,94],{"class":60},[46,128615,34877],{"class":102},[46,128617,507],{"class":60},[46,128619,128338],{"class":102},[46,128621,94],{"class":60},[46,128623,427],{"class":426},[46,128625,60633],{"class":430},[46,128627,427],{"class":426},[46,128629,5533],{"class":60},[46,128631,128632],{"class":3845},"        # 4\n",[46,128634,128635,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657,128659],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,128636,91],{"class":90},[46,128638,94],{"class":60},[46,128640,34877],{"class":102},[46,128642,507],{"class":60},[46,128644,128338],{"class":102},[46,128646,94],{"class":60},[46,128648,427],{"class":426},[46,128650,60633],{"class":430},[46,128652,427],{"class":426},[46,128654,68],{"class":60},[46,128656,1508],{"class":64},[46,128658,5533],{"class":60},[46,128660,128661],{"class":3845},"     # 7\n",[46,128663,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,128665,91],{"class":90},[46,128667,94],{"class":60},[46,128669,34877],{"class":102},[46,128671,507],{"class":60},[46,128673,128338],{"class":102},[46,128675,94],{"class":60},[46,128677,427],{"class":426},[46,128679,60633],{"class":430},[46,128681,427],{"class":426},[46,128683,68],{"class":60},[46,128685,1508],{"class":64},[46,128687,68],{"class":60},[46,128689,6165],{"class":64},[46,128691,5533],{"class":60},[46,128693,128694],{"class":3845},"  # -1\n",[32,128696,38186],{"id":38185},[20,128698,57706,128699,128701],{},[15,128700,124308],{}," is always an integer.",[172,128703,128704,128710,128713],{},[175,128705,128706,128707,128709],{},"A number ",[15,128708,554],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[175,128711,128712],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[175,128714,128715,128717],{},[15,128716,66014],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128719,2393],{},[37,128721,128723],{"className":39,"code":128722,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128724,128725,128737,128741,128766,128791],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128726,128727,128729,128731,128733,128735],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128728,34856],{"class":52},[46,128730,57],{"class":56},[46,128732,438],{"class":426},[46,128734,41],{"class":430},[46,128736,3544],{"class":426},[46,128738,128739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,128740,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,128742,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128760,128762,128764],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,128744,91],{"class":90},[46,128746,94],{"class":60},[46,128748,34877],{"class":102},[46,128750,507],{"class":60},[46,128752,128338],{"class":102},[46,128754,94],{"class":60},[46,128756,427],{"class":426},[46,128758,128759],{"class":430},"py",[46,128761,427],{"class":426},[46,128763,5533],{"class":60},[46,128765,20935],{"class":3845},[46,128767,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128785,128787,128789],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,128769,91],{"class":90},[46,128771,94],{"class":60},[46,128773,34877],{"class":102},[46,128775,507],{"class":60},[46,128777,128338],{"class":102},[46,128779,94],{"class":60},[46,128781,427],{"class":426},[46,128783,128784],{"class":430},"th",[46,128786,427],{"class":426},[46,128788,5533],{"class":60},[46,128790,57807],{"class":3845},[46,128792,128793,128795,128797,128799,128801,128803,128805,128807,128809,128811,128813],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,128794,91],{"class":90},[46,128796,94],{"class":60},[46,128798,34877],{"class":102},[46,128800,507],{"class":60},[46,128802,128338],{"class":102},[46,128804,94],{"class":60},[46,128806,427],{"class":426},[46,128808,22244],{"class":430},[46,128810,427],{"class":426},[46,128812,5533],{"class":60},[46,128814,128401],{"class":3845},[20,128816,89868,128817,8627,128819,3065,128821,507],{},[15,128818,124308],{},[15,128820,3787],{},[15,128822,3856],{},[20,128824,128825],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[32,128827,578,128828,2051,128830],{"id":65567},[15,128829,36241],{},[15,128831,52823],{},[20,128833,160,128834,128836],{},[15,128835,36241],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128838,160,128839,128841],{},[15,128840,52823],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128843,882,128844,75616,128846,128848],{},[15,128845,52823],{},[3924,128847,65230],{}," in the search.",[37,128850,128852],{"className":39,"code":128851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128853,128854,128867,128871,128895,128924,128956],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,128855,128856,128858,128860,128862,128865],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,128857,34856],{"class":52},[46,128859,57],{"class":56},[46,128861,438],{"class":426},[46,128863,128864],{"class":430},"one two three two",[46,128866,3544],{"class":426},[46,128868,128869],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,128870,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,128872,128873,128875,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,128874,91],{"class":90},[46,128876,94],{"class":60},[46,128878,34877],{"class":102},[46,128880,507],{"class":60},[46,128882,128338],{"class":102},[46,128884,94],{"class":60},[46,128886,427],{"class":426},[46,128888,79422],{"class":430},[46,128890,427],{"class":426},[46,128892,5533],{"class":60},[46,128894,128632],{"class":3845},[46,128896,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,128898,91],{"class":90},[46,128900,94],{"class":60},[46,128902,34877],{"class":102},[46,128904,507],{"class":60},[46,128906,128338],{"class":102},[46,128908,94],{"class":60},[46,128910,427],{"class":426},[46,128912,79422],{"class":430},[46,128914,427],{"class":426},[46,128916,68],{"class":60},[46,128918,1508],{"class":64},[46,128920,5533],{"class":60},[46,128922,128923],{"class":3845},"     # 14\n",[46,128925,128926,128928,128930,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,128927,91],{"class":90},[46,128929,94],{"class":60},[46,128931,34877],{"class":102},[46,128933,507],{"class":60},[46,128935,128338],{"class":102},[46,128937,94],{"class":60},[46,128939,427],{"class":426},[46,128941,79422],{"class":430},[46,128943,427],{"class":426},[46,128945,68],{"class":60},[46,128947,4015],{"class":64},[46,128949,68],{"class":60},[46,128951,6165],{"class":64},[46,128953,5533],{"class":60},[46,128955,51099],{"class":3845},[46,128957,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974,128976,128978,128980,128982,128984,128986],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,128959,91],{"class":90},[46,128961,94],{"class":60},[46,128963,34877],{"class":102},[46,128965,507],{"class":60},[46,128967,128338],{"class":102},[46,128969,94],{"class":60},[46,128971,427],{"class":426},[46,128973,79422],{"class":430},[46,128975,427],{"class":426},[46,128977,68],{"class":60},[46,128979,4015],{"class":64},[46,128981,68],{"class":60},[46,128983,2643],{"class":64},[46,128985,5533],{"class":60},[46,128987,128694],{"class":3845},[20,128989,128990],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128992,128993,128994,55231,128998,507],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[501,128995,128997],{"href":128996},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[501,128999,129001,129003],{"href":129000},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129002,60691],{}," string method",[32,129005,123960],{"id":123959},[20,129007,129008,123771],{},[15,129009,124308],{},[20,129011,127358,129012,2051,129014,129016],{},[15,129013,90376],{},[15,129015,64695],{}," are treated as different text.",[37,129018,129020],{"className":39,"code":129019,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129021,129022,129035,129039,129063],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129023,129024,129026,129028,129030,129033],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129025,34856],{"class":52},[46,129027,57],{"class":56},[46,129029,438],{"class":426},[46,129031,129032],{"class":430},"Hello World",[46,129034,3544],{"class":426},[46,129036,129037],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129038,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,129040,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129042,91],{"class":90},[46,129044,94],{"class":60},[46,129046,34877],{"class":102},[46,129048,507],{"class":60},[46,129050,128338],{"class":102},[46,129052,94],{"class":60},[46,129054,427],{"class":426},[46,129056,35036],{"class":430},[46,129058,427],{"class":426},[46,129060,5533],{"class":60},[46,129062,51411],{"class":3845},[46,129064,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,129066,91],{"class":90},[46,129068,94],{"class":60},[46,129070,34877],{"class":102},[46,129072,507],{"class":60},[46,129074,128338],{"class":102},[46,129076,94],{"class":60},[46,129078,427],{"class":426},[46,129080,4027],{"class":430},[46,129082,427],{"class":426},[46,129084,5533],{"class":60},[46,129086,128694],{"class":3845},[20,129088,129089],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[37,129091,129093],{"className":39,"code":129092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129094,129095,129107,129111],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129096,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129098,34856],{"class":52},[46,129100,57],{"class":56},[46,129102,438],{"class":426},[46,129104,129032],{"class":430},[46,129106,3544],{"class":426},[46,129108,129109],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129110,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,129112,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129114,91],{"class":90},[46,129116,94],{"class":60},[46,129118,34877],{"class":102},[46,129120,507],{"class":60},[46,129122,1775],{"class":102},[46,129124,8809],{"class":60},[46,129126,128338],{"class":102},[46,129128,94],{"class":60},[46,129130,427],{"class":426},[46,129132,4027],{"class":430},[46,129134,427],{"class":426},[46,129136,5533],{"class":60},[46,129138,51411],{"class":3845},[32,129140,129142,10755,129144],{"id":129141},"find-vs-index",[15,129143,124308],{},[15,129145,59127],{},[20,129147,129148,2051,129150,129152],{},[15,129149,124308],{},[15,129151,59127],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[172,129154,129155,129161],{},[175,129156,129157,2583,129159],{},[15,129158,124308],{},[15,129160,66014],{},[175,129162,129163,2020,129165],{},[15,129164,59127],{},[15,129166,573],{},[20,129168,160,129169,129171],{},[15,129170,124308],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129173,160,129174,129176],{},[15,129175,59127],{}," when the value must exist.",[37,129178,129180],{"className":39,"code":129179,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129181,129182,129194,129198],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129183,129184,129186,129188,129190,129192],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129185,34856],{"class":52},[46,129187,57],{"class":56},[46,129189,438],{"class":426},[46,129191,4027],{"class":430},[46,129193,3544],{"class":426},[46,129195,129196],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129197,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,129199,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212,129214,129216,129218,129220],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129201,91],{"class":90},[46,129203,94],{"class":60},[46,129205,34877],{"class":102},[46,129207,507],{"class":60},[46,129209,128338],{"class":102},[46,129211,94],{"class":60},[46,129213,427],{"class":426},[46,129215,1589],{"class":430},[46,129217,427],{"class":426},[46,129219,5533],{"class":60},[46,129221,129222],{"class":3845},"   # -1\n",[37,129224,129226],{"className":39,"code":129225,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129227,129228,129240,129244],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129229,129230,129232,129234,129236,129238],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129231,34856],{"class":52},[46,129233,57],{"class":56},[46,129235,438],{"class":426},[46,129237,4027],{"class":430},[46,129239,3544],{"class":426},[46,129241,129242],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129243,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,129245,129246,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129247,91],{"class":90},[46,129249,94],{"class":60},[46,129251,34877],{"class":102},[46,129253,507],{"class":60},[46,129255,36016],{"class":102},[46,129257,94],{"class":60},[46,129259,427],{"class":426},[46,129261,1589],{"class":430},[46,129263,427],{"class":426},[46,129265,5533],{"class":60},[46,129267,129268],{"class":3845},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129270,129271,129272,129276,129277,129279,129280,507],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[501,129273,129274,129003],{"href":124333},[15,129275,59127],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129278,59127],{},", read ",[501,129281,25847,129282],{"href":73638},[15,129283,129284],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[32,129286,41210],{"id":41209},[20,129288,35575,129289,129291],{},[15,129290,124308],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[172,129293,129294,129297,129300,129303],{},[175,129295,129296],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[175,129298,129299],{},"Get the position of a word",[175,129301,129302],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[175,129304,129305],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129307,129308],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[37,129310,129312],{"className":39,"code":129311,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129313,129314,129327,129350,129354,129369,129385,129404,129418],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129315,129316,129318,129320,129322,129325],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129317,34856],{"class":52},[46,129319,57],{"class":56},[46,129321,438],{"class":426},[46,129323,129324],{"class":430},"name:Alice",[46,129326,3544],{"class":426},[46,129328,129329,129332,129334,129336,129338,129340,129342,129344,129346,129348],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129330,129331],{"class":52},"colon_pos ",[46,129333,57],{"class":56},[46,129335,43005],{"class":52},[46,129337,507],{"class":60},[46,129339,128338],{"class":102},[46,129341,94],{"class":60},[46,129343,427],{"class":426},[46,129345,198],{"class":430},[46,129347,427],{"class":426},[46,129349,215],{"class":60},[46,129351,129352],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129353,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,129355,129356,129358,129361,129363,129365,129367],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,129357,7170],{"class":1595},[46,129359,129360],{"class":52}," colon_pos ",[46,129362,72749],{"class":56},[46,129364,2408],{"class":56},[46,129366,3175],{"class":64},[46,129368,6566],{"class":60},[46,129370,129371,129374,129376,129378,129380,129383],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,129372,129373],{"class":52},"    label ",[46,129375,57],{"class":56},[46,129377,43005],{"class":52},[46,129379,75689],{"class":60},[46,129381,129382],{"class":52},"colon_pos",[46,129384,84],{"class":60},[46,129386,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,129388,27568],{"class":52},[46,129390,57],{"class":56},[46,129392,43005],{"class":52},[46,129394,1152],{"class":60},[46,129396,129331],{"class":52},[46,129398,2246],{"class":56},[46,129400,81],{"class":64},[46,129402,129403],{"class":60},":]\n",[46,129405,129406,129408,129410,129413,129415],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,129407,8240],{"class":90},[46,129409,94],{"class":60},[46,129411,129412],{"class":102},"label",[46,129414,1592],{"class":60},[46,129416,129417],{"class":3845},"  # name\n",[46,129419,129420,129422,129424,129426,129428],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,129421,8240],{"class":90},[46,129423,94],{"class":60},[46,129425,2659],{"class":102},[46,129427,1592],{"class":60},[46,129429,129430],{"class":3845},"  # Alice\n",[20,129432,129433,129434,507],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[501,129435,127349],{"href":123568},[32,129437,1834],{"id":1833},[20,129439,129440,129441,198],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129442,124308],{},[172,129444,129445,129454,129460,129465,129471],{},[175,129446,1853,129447,8627,129449,3065,129451,129453],{},[15,129448,124308],{},[15,129450,3787],{},[15,129452,3856],{}," instead of an index",[175,129455,129456,129457,129459],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129458,66014],{}," when the substring is missing",[175,129461,578,129462,129464],{},[15,129463,124308],{}," without handling case differences",[175,129466,37372,129467,8876,129469],{},[15,129468,124308],{},[15,129470,59127],{},[175,129472,4754,129473,129475],{},[15,129474,124308],{}," changes the string",[20,129477,129478],{},"Example of a mistake:",[37,129480,129482],{"className":39,"code":129481,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129483,129484,129496,129500,129520,129535,129541],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129485,129486,129488,129490,129492,129494],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129487,34856],{"class":52},[46,129489,57],{"class":56},[46,129491,438],{"class":426},[46,129493,4027],{"class":430},[46,129495,3544],{"class":426},[46,129497,129498],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129499,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,129501,129502,129504,129506,129508,129510,129512,129514,129516,129518],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129503,7170],{"class":1595},[46,129505,43005],{"class":52},[46,129507,507],{"class":60},[46,129509,128338],{"class":102},[46,129511,94],{"class":60},[46,129513,427],{"class":426},[46,129515,60598],{"class":430},[46,129517,427],{"class":426},[46,129519,8514],{"class":60},[46,129521,129522,129524,129526,129528,129531,129533],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,129523,8240],{"class":90},[46,129525,94],{"class":60},[46,129527,427],{"class":426},[46,129529,129530],{"class":430},"Found",[46,129532,427],{"class":426},[46,129534,215],{"class":60},[46,129536,129537,129539],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,129538,27601],{"class":1595},[46,129540,6566],{"class":60},[46,129542,129543,129545,129547,129549,129551,129553],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,129544,8240],{"class":90},[46,129546,94],{"class":60},[46,129548,427],{"class":426},[46,129550,26483],{"class":430},[46,129552,427],{"class":426},[46,129554,215],{"class":60},[20,129556,99874],{},[37,129558,129560],{"className":39,"code":129559,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Not found\n",[15,129561,129562],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129563,129564],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129565,129559],{"class":52},[20,129567,45868,129568,129571,129572,17238,129574,129576,129577,129579],{},[15,129569,129570],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129573,554],{},[15,129575,554],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129578,7170],{}," statement.",[20,129581,129582],{},"A safer version is:",[37,129584,129586],{"className":39,"code":129585,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129587,129588,129600,129604,129633,129647,129653],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129589,129590,129592,129594,129596,129598],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129591,34856],{"class":52},[46,129593,57],{"class":56},[46,129595,438],{"class":426},[46,129597,4027],{"class":430},[46,129599,3544],{"class":426},[46,129601,129602],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129603,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,129605,129606,129608,129610,129612,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129627,129629,129631],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129607,7170],{"class":1595},[46,129609,43005],{"class":52},[46,129611,507],{"class":60},[46,129613,128338],{"class":102},[46,129615,94],{"class":60},[46,129617,427],{"class":426},[46,129619,60598],{"class":430},[46,129621,427],{"class":426},[46,129623,1592],{"class":60},[46,129625,129626],{"class":56}," !=",[46,129628,2408],{"class":56},[46,129630,3175],{"class":64},[46,129632,6566],{"class":60},[46,129634,129635,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,129636,8240],{"class":90},[46,129638,94],{"class":60},[46,129640,427],{"class":426},[46,129642,129530],{"class":430},[46,129644,427],{"class":426},[46,129646,215],{"class":60},[46,129648,129649,129651],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,129650,27601],{"class":1595},[46,129652,6566],{"class":60},[46,129654,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,129656,8240],{"class":90},[46,129658,94],{"class":60},[46,129660,427],{"class":426},[46,129662,26483],{"class":430},[46,129664,427],{"class":426},[46,129666,215],{"class":60},[20,129668,129669],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[37,129671,129673],{"className":39,"code":129672,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129674,129675,129697,129711,129737,129751],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129676,129677,129679,129681,129683,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693,129695],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129678,91],{"class":90},[46,129680,94],{"class":60},[46,129682,34877],{"class":102},[46,129684,507],{"class":60},[46,129686,128338],{"class":102},[46,129688,94],{"class":60},[46,129690,1188],{"class":426},[46,129692,38556],{"class":430},[46,129694,1188],{"class":426},[46,129696,106],{"class":60},[46,129698,129699,129701,129703,129705,129707,129709],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,129700,91],{"class":90},[46,129702,94],{"class":60},[46,129704,41944],{"class":90},[46,129706,94],{"class":60},[46,129708,34877],{"class":102},[46,129710,106],{"class":60},[46,129712,129713,129715,129717,129719,129721,129723,129725,129727,129729,129731,129733,129735],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,129714,91],{"class":90},[46,129716,94],{"class":60},[46,129718,34877],{"class":102},[46,129720,507],{"class":60},[46,129722,1775],{"class":102},[46,129724,8809],{"class":60},[46,129726,128338],{"class":102},[46,129728,94],{"class":60},[46,129730,1188],{"class":426},[46,129732,38556],{"class":430},[46,129734,1188],{"class":426},[46,129736,106],{"class":60},[46,129738,129739,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,129740,91],{"class":90},[46,129742,94],{"class":60},[46,129744,476],{"class":90},[46,129746,94],{"class":60},[46,129748,34877],{"class":102},[46,129750,106],{"class":60},[46,129752,129753,129755,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773,129775,129777,129779],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,129754,91],{"class":90},[46,129756,94],{"class":60},[46,129758,34877],{"class":102},[46,129760,507],{"class":60},[46,129762,128338],{"class":102},[46,129764,94],{"class":60},[46,129766,1188],{"class":426},[46,129768,38556],{"class":430},[46,129770,1188],{"class":426},[46,129772,68],{"class":60},[46,129774,36220],{"class":102},[46,129776,68],{"class":60},[46,129778,65201],{"class":102},[46,129780,106],{"class":60},[20,129782,129783],{},"These help you check:",[172,129785,129786,129791,129796,129801,129804],{},[175,129787,129788,129789],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129790,124308],{},[175,129792,129793,129794],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129795,122527],{},[175,129797,129798,129799],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129800,124043],{},[175,129802,129803],{},"The string length",[175,129805,129806,129807,2051,129809,129811],{},"Whether your ",[15,129808,36241],{},[15,129810,52823],{}," values are correct",[32,129813,1991],{"id":1990},[283,129815,129817,129818,129820],{"id":129816},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129819,124308],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129822,5320,129823,507],{},[15,129824,66014],{},[283,129826,12872,129828,129830],{"id":129827},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129829,124308],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129832,129833],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[283,129835,129837,129838,124649],{"id":129836},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129839,124308],{},[20,129841,129842],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[283,129844,2048,129846,2051,129848,69814],{"id":129845},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129847,124308],{},[15,129849,59127],{},[20,129851,129852,2583,129854,129856,129857,2020,129859,507],{},[15,129853,124308],{},[15,129855,66014],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129858,59127],{},[15,129860,573],{},[283,129862,28496,129864,129866],{"id":129863},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129865,124308],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129868,129869,129870,2051,129872,66313],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129871,36241],{},[15,129873,52823],{},[32,129875,2065],{"id":2064},[172,129877,129878,129884,129890,129897,129903,129910,129914,129919],{},[175,129879,129880],{},[501,129881,126313,129882,10910],{"href":124333},[15,129883,59127],{},[175,129885,129886],{},[501,129887,126313,129888,10910],{"href":129000},[15,129889,60691],{},[175,129891,129892],{},[501,129893,126313,129895,10910],{"href":129894},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129896,124484],{},[175,129898,129899],{},[501,129900,126313,129901,10910],{"href":127678},[15,129902,127681],{},[175,129904,129905],{},[501,129906,126313,129908,10910],{"href":129907},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129909,126371],{},[175,129911,129912],{},[501,129913,124712],{"href":123568},[175,129915,129916],{},[501,129917,129918],{"href":128996},"How to split a string in Python",[175,129920,129921],{},[501,129922,26290,129923],{"href":73638},[15,129924,129284],{},[2103,129926,129927],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":129929},[129930,129932,129935,129936,129937,129938,129940,129941,129942,129954],{"id":128414,"depth":87,"text":129931},"What find() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":129933},[129934],{"id":17560,"depth":109,"text":17561},{"id":38185,"depth":87,"text":38186},{"id":65567,"depth":87,"text":66349},{"id":123959,"depth":87,"text":123960},{"id":129141,"depth":87,"text":129939},"find() vs index()",{"id":41209,"depth":87,"text":41210},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":129943},[129944,129946,129948,129950,129952],{"id":129816,"depth":109,"text":129945},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129827,"depth":109,"text":129947},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129836,"depth":109,"text":129949},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129845,"depth":109,"text":129951},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129863,"depth":109,"text":129953},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128286,"description":129955},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129962,"title":129963,"body":129964,"description":131890,"extension":2150,"meta":131891,"navigation":112,"path":131892,"seo":131893,"stem":131894,"__hash__":131895},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129965,"toc":131858},[129966,129971,129976,129979,129981,130057,130061,130089,130097,130101,130106,130110,130127,130129,130196,130200,130222,130230,130232,130235,130259,130262,130276,130278,130363,130367,130379,130382,130386,130392,130442,130446,130463,130472,130475,130483,130486,130535,130539,130564,130567,130622,130626,130638,130644,130648,130654,130659,130726,130730,130756,130759,130770,130772,130839,130843,130868,130875,130879,130884,130891,130899,130901,130953,130957,130975,130977,131022,131026,131041,131044,131054,131061,131063,131067,131070,131081,131083,131143,131147,131175,131178,131184,131189,131192,131196,131240,131243,131281,131284,131292,131294,131299,131303,131306,131354,131357,131360,131416,131420,131425,131428,131477,131479,131528,131534,131539,131541,131588,131592,131605,131607,131658,131664,131667,131671,131674,131680,131685,131687,131690,131762,131765,131782,131784,131789,131792,131796,131802,131808,131815,131821,131827,131829,131855],[10,129967,123313,129969,11490],{"id":129968},"python-string-format-method",[15,129970,126316],{},[20,129972,123318,129973,129975],{},[15,129974,126316],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129977,129978],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[32,129980,35],{"id":34},[37,129982,129984],{"className":39,"code":129983,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129985,129986,129998,130006,130010,130047],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,129987,129988,129990,129992,129994,129996],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,129989,8047],{"class":52},[46,129991,57],{"class":56},[46,129993,438],{"class":426},[46,129995,11677],{"class":430},[46,129997,3544],{"class":426},[46,129999,130000,130002,130004],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130001,21795],{"class":52},[46,130003,57],{"class":56},[46,130005,88757],{"class":64},[46,130007,130008],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,130009,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,130011,130012,130014,130016,130018,130021,130023,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130037,130039,130041,130043,130045],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,130013,89965],{"class":52},[46,130015,57],{"class":56},[46,130017,438],{"class":426},[46,130019,130020],{"class":430},"My name is ",[46,130022,3973],{"class":64},[46,130024,130025],{"class":430}," and I am ",[46,130027,3973],{"class":64},[46,130029,122309],{"class":430},[46,130031,427],{"class":426},[46,130033,507],{"class":60},[46,130035,130036],{"class":102},"format",[46,130038,94],{"class":60},[46,130040,1009],{"class":102},[46,130042,68],{"class":60},[46,130044,9359],{"class":102},[46,130046,215],{"class":60},[46,130048,130049,130051,130053,130055],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,130050,91],{"class":90},[46,130052,94],{"class":60},[46,130054,89982],{"class":102},[46,130056,215],{"class":60},[20,130058,130059],{},[3924,130060,143],{},[37,130062,130064],{"className":39,"code":130063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130065,130066],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130067,130068,130071,130073,130076,130079,130082,130085,130087],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130069,130070],{"class":52},"My name ",[46,130072,1283],{"class":56},[46,130074,130075],{"class":52}," Maya ",[46,130077,130078],{"class":56},"and",[46,130080,130081],{"class":52}," I am ",[46,130083,130084],{"class":64},"12",[46,130086,122342],{"class":52},[46,130088,122345],{"class":60},[20,130090,160,130091,130093,130094,130096],{},[15,130092,3973],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130095,126316],{}," in the same order.",[20,130098,125065,130099,507],{},[501,130100,125068],{"href":51139},[32,130102,13163,130104,13166],{"id":130103},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130105,126316],{},[20,130107,882,130108,11581],{},[15,130109,126316],{},[172,130111,130112,130115,130121,130124],{},[175,130113,130114],{},"inserts values into a string",[175,130116,130117,130118,130120],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130119,3973],{}," with given values",[175,130122,130123],{},"returns a new string",[175,130125,130126],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130128,2393],{},[37,130130,130132],{"className":39,"code":130131,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130133,130134,130148,130171,130175,130186],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130135,130136,130138,130140,130142,130144,130146],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130137,34856],{"class":52},[46,130139,57],{"class":56},[46,130141,438],{"class":426},[46,130143,45066],{"class":430},[46,130145,3973],{"class":64},[46,130147,3544],{"class":426},[46,130149,130150,130153,130155,130157,130159,130161,130163,130165,130167,130169],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130151,130152],{"class":52},"new_text ",[46,130154,57],{"class":56},[46,130156,43005],{"class":52},[46,130158,507],{"class":60},[46,130160,130036],{"class":102},[46,130162,94],{"class":60},[46,130164,427],{"class":426},[46,130166,7849],{"class":430},[46,130168,427],{"class":426},[46,130170,215],{"class":60},[46,130172,130173],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,130174,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,130176,130177,130179,130181,130184],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,130178,91],{"class":90},[46,130180,94],{"class":60},[46,130182,130183],{"class":102},"new_text",[46,130185,215],{"class":60},[46,130187,130188,130190,130192,130194],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,130189,91],{"class":90},[46,130191,94],{"class":60},[46,130193,34877],{"class":102},[46,130195,215],{"class":60},[20,130197,130198],{},[3924,130199,143],{},[37,130201,130203],{"className":39,"code":130202,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130204,130205,130214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130206,130207,130209,130211],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130208,35036],{"class":52},[46,130210,68],{"class":60},[46,130212,130213],{"class":52}," Sam\n",[46,130215,130216,130218,130220],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130217,35036],{"class":52},[46,130219,68],{"class":60},[46,130221,10007],{"class":60},[20,130223,2473,130224,130226,130227,130229],{},[15,130225,34877],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130228,126316],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[32,130231,2343],{"id":2342},[20,130233,130234],{},"The general form is:",[37,130236,130238],{"className":39,"code":130237,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130239,130240],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130241,130242,130244,130247,130249,130251,130253,130255,130257],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130243,427],{"class":43492},[46,130245,130246],{"class":43496},"text {}",[46,130248,427],{"class":43492},[46,130250,507],{"class":60},[46,130252,130036],{"class":102},[46,130254,94],{"class":60},[46,130256,2659],{"class":102},[46,130258,215],{"class":60},[20,130260,130261],{},"Key idea:",[172,130263,130264,130270,130273],{},[175,130265,130266,130267,130269],{},"each ",[15,130268,3973],{}," is a placeholder",[175,130271,130272],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[175,130274,130275],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130277,2393],{},[37,130279,130281],{"className":39,"code":130280,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130282,130283,130296,130310,130314,130352],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130284,130285,130288,130290,130292,130294],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130286,130287],{"class":52},"animal ",[46,130289,57],{"class":56},[46,130291,438],{"class":426},[46,130293,934],{"class":430},[46,130295,3544],{"class":426},[46,130297,130298,130301,130303,130305,130308],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130299,130300],{"class":52},"sound ",[46,130302,57],{"class":56},[46,130304,438],{"class":426},[46,130306,130307],{"class":430},"meow",[46,130309,3544],{"class":426},[46,130311,130312],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,130313,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,130315,130316,130319,130321,130323,130325,130327,130330,130332,130334,130336,130338,130340,130342,130345,130347,130350],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,130317,130318],{"class":52},"sentence ",[46,130320,57],{"class":56},[46,130322,438],{"class":426},[46,130324,882],{"class":430},[46,130326,3973],{"class":64},[46,130328,130329],{"class":430}," says ",[46,130331,3973],{"class":64},[46,130333,507],{"class":430},[46,130335,427],{"class":426},[46,130337,507],{"class":60},[46,130339,130036],{"class":102},[46,130341,94],{"class":60},[46,130343,130344],{"class":102},"animal",[46,130346,68],{"class":60},[46,130348,130349],{"class":102}," sound",[46,130351,215],{"class":60},[46,130353,130354,130356,130358,130361],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,130355,91],{"class":90},[46,130357,94],{"class":60},[46,130359,130360],{"class":102},"sentence",[46,130362,215],{"class":60},[20,130364,130365],{},[3924,130366,143],{},[37,130368,130370],{"className":39,"code":130369,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130371,130372],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130373,130374,130377],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130375,130376],{"class":52},"The cat says meow",[46,130378,122345],{"class":60},[20,130380,130381],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[32,130383,130385],{"id":130384},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130387,130388,130389,130391],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130390,3973],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[37,130393,130395],{"className":39,"code":130394,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130396,130397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130398,130399,130401,130403,130405,130408,130410,130412,130414,130416,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130429,130431,130433,130435,130438,130440],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130400,91],{"class":90},[46,130402,94],{"class":60},[46,130404,427],{"class":426},[46,130406,130407],{"class":430},"I like ",[46,130409,3973],{"class":64},[46,130411,2051],{"class":430},[46,130413,3973],{"class":64},[46,130415,507],{"class":430},[46,130417,427],{"class":426},[46,130419,507],{"class":60},[46,130421,130036],{"class":102},[46,130423,94],{"class":60},[46,130425,427],{"class":426},[46,130427,130428],{"class":430},"pizza",[46,130430,427],{"class":426},[46,130432,68],{"class":60},[46,130434,438],{"class":426},[46,130436,130437],{"class":430},"pasta",[46,130439,427],{"class":426},[46,130441,106],{"class":60},[20,130443,130444],{},[3924,130445,143],{},[37,130447,130449],{"className":39,"code":130448,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130450,130451],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130452,130453,130456,130458,130461],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130454,130455],{"class":52},"I like pizza ",[46,130457,130078],{"class":56},[46,130459,130460],{"class":52}," pasta",[46,130462,122345],{"class":60},[20,130464,130465,130466,2051,130469,507],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130467,130468],{},"{0}",[15,130470,130471],{},"{1}",[20,130473,130474],{},"This is helpful when:",[172,130476,130477,130480],{},[175,130478,130479],{},"you want to reuse a value",[175,130481,130482],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130484,130485],{},"Example with reused values:",[37,130487,130489],{"className":39,"code":130488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130490,130491,130525],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130492,130493,130495,130497,130499,130501,130504,130506,130509,130511,130513,130515,130517,130519,130521,130523],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130494,34856],{"class":52},[46,130496,57],{"class":56},[46,130498,438],{"class":426},[46,130500,130468],{"class":64},[46,130502,130503],{"class":430}," is learning Python. ",[46,130505,130468],{"class":64},[46,130507,130508],{"class":430}," likes coding.",[46,130510,427],{"class":426},[46,130512,507],{"class":60},[46,130514,130036],{"class":102},[46,130516,94],{"class":60},[46,130518,427],{"class":426},[46,130520,20050],{"class":430},[46,130522,427],{"class":426},[46,130524,215],{"class":60},[46,130526,130527,130529,130531,130533],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130528,91],{"class":90},[46,130530,94],{"class":60},[46,130532,34877],{"class":102},[46,130534,215],{"class":60},[20,130536,130537],{},[3924,130538,143],{},[37,130540,130542],{"className":39,"code":130541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130543,130544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130545,130546,130549,130551,130554,130556,130559,130562],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130547,130548],{"class":52},"Lina ",[46,130550,1283],{"class":56},[46,130552,130553],{"class":52}," learning Python",[46,130555,507],{"class":60},[46,130557,130558],{"class":1774}," Lina",[46,130560,130561],{"class":52}," likes coding",[46,130563,122345],{"class":60},[20,130565,130566],{},"Example with changed order:",[37,130568,130570],{"className":39,"code":130569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130571,130572,130612],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130573,130574,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584,130586,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130604,130606,130608,130610],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130575,34856],{"class":52},[46,130577,57],{"class":56},[46,130579,438],{"class":426},[46,130581,130471],{"class":64},[46,130583,83469],{"class":430},[46,130585,130468],{"class":64},[46,130587,507],{"class":430},[46,130589,427],{"class":426},[46,130591,507],{"class":60},[46,130593,130036],{"class":102},[46,130595,94],{"class":60},[46,130597,427],{"class":426},[46,130599,6757],{"class":430},[46,130601,427],{"class":426},[46,130603,68],{"class":60},[46,130605,438],{"class":426},[46,130607,79422],{"class":430},[46,130609,427],{"class":426},[46,130611,215],{"class":60},[46,130613,130614,130616,130618,130620],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130615,91],{"class":90},[46,130617,94],{"class":60},[46,130619,34877],{"class":102},[46,130621,215],{"class":60},[20,130623,130624],{},[3924,130625,143],{},[37,130627,130629],{"className":39,"code":130628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130630,130631],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130632,130633,130636],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130634,130635],{"class":52},"two comes after one",[46,130637,122345],{"class":60},[20,130639,130640,130641,130643],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130642,3973],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[32,130645,130647],{"id":130646},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130649,130650,130651,507],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130652,130653],{},"{name}",[20,130655,130656,130657,198],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130658,126316],{},[37,130660,130662],{"className":39,"code":130661,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130663,130664,130716],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130665,130666,130668,130670,130672,130674,130676,130679,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130667,34856],{"class":52},[46,130669,57],{"class":56},[46,130671,438],{"class":426},[46,130673,130020],{"class":430},[46,130675,130653],{"class":64},[46,130677,130678],{"class":430}," and I live in ",[46,130680,130681],{"class":64},"{city}",[46,130683,507],{"class":430},[46,130685,427],{"class":426},[46,130687,507],{"class":60},[46,130689,130036],{"class":102},[46,130691,94],{"class":60},[46,130693,1009],{"class":254},[46,130695,57],{"class":56},[46,130697,427],{"class":426},[46,130699,1018],{"class":430},[46,130701,427],{"class":426},[46,130703,68],{"class":60},[46,130705,31552],{"class":254},[46,130707,57],{"class":56},[46,130709,427],{"class":426},[46,130711,16197],{"class":430},[46,130713,427],{"class":426},[46,130715,215],{"class":60},[46,130717,130718,130720,130722,130724],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130719,91],{"class":90},[46,130721,94],{"class":60},[46,130723,34877],{"class":102},[46,130725,215],{"class":60},[20,130727,130728],{},[3924,130729,143],{},[37,130731,130733],{"className":39,"code":130732,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130734,130735],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130736,130737,130739,130741,130744,130746,130749,130751,130754],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130738,130070],{"class":52},[46,130740,1283],{"class":56},[46,130742,130743],{"class":52}," Ana ",[46,130745,130078],{"class":56},[46,130747,130748],{"class":52}," I live ",[46,130750,1602],{"class":56},[46,130752,130753],{"class":52}," Lima",[46,130755,122345],{"class":60},[20,130757,130758],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[172,130760,130761,130764,130767],{},[175,130762,130763],{},"they make code easier to read",[175,130765,130766],{},"they help when a string has many values",[175,130768,130769],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130771,2393],{},[37,130773,130775],{"className":39,"code":130774,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130776,130777,130829],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130778,130779,130782,130784,130786,130789,130792,130795,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130815,130817,130819,130822,130824,130827],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130780,130781],{"class":52},"report ",[46,130783,57],{"class":56},[46,130785,438],{"class":426},[46,130787,130788],{"class":430},"Student: ",[46,130790,130791],{"class":64},"{student}",[46,130793,130794],{"class":430},", Score: ",[46,130796,130797],{"class":64},"{score}",[46,130799,427],{"class":426},[46,130801,507],{"class":60},[46,130803,130036],{"class":102},[46,130805,94],{"class":60},[46,130807,13793],{"class":254},[46,130809,57],{"class":56},[46,130811,427],{"class":426},[46,130813,130814],{"class":430},"Noah",[46,130816,427],{"class":426},[46,130818,68],{"class":60},[46,130820,130821],{"class":254}," score",[46,130823,57],{"class":56},[46,130825,130826],{"class":64},"95",[46,130828,215],{"class":60},[46,130830,130831,130833,130835,130837],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130832,91],{"class":90},[46,130834,94],{"class":60},[46,130836,128026],{"class":102},[46,130838,215],{"class":60},[20,130840,130841],{},[3924,130842,143],{},[37,130844,130846],{"className":39,"code":130845,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130847,130848],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130849,130850,130853,130855,130858,130860,130863,130865],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130851,130852],{"class":52},"Student",[46,130854,198],{"class":60},[46,130856,130857],{"class":52}," Noah",[46,130859,68],{"class":60},[46,130861,130862],{"class":52}," Score",[46,130864,198],{"class":60},[46,130866,130867],{"class":64}," 95\n",[20,130869,130870,130871,507],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[501,130872,13,130873,506],{"href":42340},[15,130874,47846],{},[32,130876,130878],{"id":130877},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130880,130881,130883],{},[15,130882,126316],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130885,130886,130887,130890],{},"A common example is ",[15,130888,130889],{},":.2f",", which means:",[172,130892,130893,130896],{},[175,130894,130895],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[175,130897,130898],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130900,2393],{},[37,130902,130904],{"className":39,"code":130903,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130905,130906,130914,130943],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130907,130908,130910,130912],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130909,40553],{"class":52},[46,130911,57],{"class":56},[46,130913,49439],{"class":64},[46,130915,130916,130918,130920,130922,130925,130927,130929,130931,130933,130935,130937,130939,130941],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130917,34856],{"class":52},[46,130919,57],{"class":56},[46,130921,438],{"class":426},[46,130923,130924],{"class":430},"Price: $",[46,130926,1185],{"class":64},[46,130928,130889],{"class":1140},[46,130930,22470],{"class":64},[46,130932,427],{"class":426},[46,130934,507],{"class":60},[46,130936,130036],{"class":102},[46,130938,94],{"class":60},[46,130940,25317],{"class":102},[46,130942,215],{"class":60},[46,130944,130945,130947,130949,130951],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,130946,91],{"class":90},[46,130948,94],{"class":60},[46,130950,34877],{"class":102},[46,130952,215],{"class":60},[20,130954,130955],{},[3924,130956,143],{},[37,130958,130960],{"className":39,"code":130959,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130961,130962],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130963,130964,130967,130969,130972],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130965,130966],{"class":52},"Price",[46,130968,198],{"class":60},[46,130970,130971],{"class":37535}," $",[46,130973,130974],{"class":64},"3.50\n",[20,130976,52243],{},[37,130978,130980],{"className":39,"code":130979,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130981,130982,130992],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,130983,130984,130987,130989],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,130985,130986],{"class":52},"average ",[46,130988,57],{"class":56},[46,130990,130991],{"class":64}," 91.236\n",[46,130993,130994,130996,130998,131000,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131020],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,130995,91],{"class":90},[46,130997,94],{"class":60},[46,130999,427],{"class":426},[46,131001,131002],{"class":430},"Average: ",[46,131004,1185],{"class":64},[46,131006,130889],{"class":1140},[46,131008,22470],{"class":64},[46,131010,427],{"class":426},[46,131012,507],{"class":60},[46,131014,130036],{"class":102},[46,131016,94],{"class":60},[46,131018,131019],{"class":102},"average",[46,131021,106],{"class":60},[20,131023,131024],{},[3924,131025,143],{},[37,131027,131029],{"className":39,"code":131028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131030,131031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131032,131033,131036,131038],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131034,131035],{"class":52},"Average",[46,131037,198],{"class":60},[46,131039,131040],{"class":64}," 91.24\n",[20,131042,131043],{},"This is useful for:",[172,131045,131046,131048,131051],{},[175,131047,691],{},[175,131049,131050],{},"averages",[175,131052,131053],{},"percentages",[20,131055,131056,131057,507],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[501,131058,13,131059,2490],{"href":46614},[15,131060,46617],{},[32,131062,17585],{"id":17584},[20,131064,131065,92479],{},[15,131066,126316],{},[20,131068,131069],{},"That means you can:",[172,131071,131072,131075,131078],{},[175,131073,131074],{},"save it in a variable",[175,131076,131077],{},"print it directly",[175,131079,131080],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131082,2393],{},[37,131084,131086],{"className":39,"code":131085,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131087,131088,131119,131129],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131089,131090,131092,131094,131096,131098,131100,131102,131104,131106,131108,131110,131112,131115,131117],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131091,89965],{"class":52},[46,131093,57],{"class":56},[46,131095,438],{"class":426},[46,131097,45066],{"class":430},[46,131099,3973],{"class":64},[46,131101,89806],{"class":430},[46,131103,427],{"class":426},[46,131105,507],{"class":60},[46,131107,130036],{"class":102},[46,131109,94],{"class":60},[46,131111,427],{"class":426},[46,131113,131114],{"class":430},"Chris",[46,131116,427],{"class":426},[46,131118,215],{"class":60},[46,131120,131121,131123,131125,131127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131122,91],{"class":90},[46,131124,94],{"class":60},[46,131126,89982],{"class":102},[46,131128,215],{"class":60},[46,131130,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,131132,91],{"class":90},[46,131134,94],{"class":60},[46,131136,1889],{"class":1270},[46,131138,94],{"class":60},[46,131140,89982],{"class":102},[46,131142,106],{"class":60},[20,131144,131145],{},[3924,131146,143],{},[37,131148,131150],{"className":39,"code":131149,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131151,131152,131161],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131153,131154,131156,131158],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131155,35036],{"class":52},[46,131157,68],{"class":60},[46,131159,131160],{"class":52}," Chris!\n",[46,131162,131163,131165,131167,131169,131171,131173],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131164,3476],{"class":56},[46,131166,3479],{"class":1140},[46,131168,1197],{"class":426},[46,131170,1769],{"class":430},[46,131172,1188],{"class":426},[46,131174,3488],{"class":56},[20,131176,131177],{},"The original string is not changed.",[32,131179,131181,131183],{"id":131180},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131182,126316],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131185,131186,131188],{},[15,131187,126316],{}," is a string method.",[20,131190,131191],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131193,46205,131194,198],{},[15,131195,126316],{},[37,131197,131199],{"className":39,"code":131198,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131200,131201,131214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131202,131203,131205,131207,131209,131212],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131204,8047],{"class":52},[46,131206,57],{"class":56},[46,131208,438],{"class":426},[46,131210,131211],{"class":430},"Rita",[46,131213,3544],{"class":426},[46,131215,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224,131226,131228,131230,131232,131234,131236,131238],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131217,91],{"class":90},[46,131219,94],{"class":60},[46,131221,427],{"class":426},[46,131223,45066],{"class":430},[46,131225,3973],{"class":64},[46,131227,89806],{"class":430},[46,131229,427],{"class":426},[46,131231,507],{"class":60},[46,131233,130036],{"class":102},[46,131235,94],{"class":60},[46,131237,1009],{"class":102},[46,131239,106],{"class":60},[20,131241,131242],{},"Example with an f-string:",[37,131244,131246],{"className":39,"code":131245,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131247,131248,131260],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131249,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131251,8047],{"class":52},[46,131253,57],{"class":56},[46,131255,438],{"class":426},[46,131257,131211],{"class":430},[46,131259,3544],{"class":426},[46,131261,131262,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272,131274,131276,131279],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131263,91],{"class":90},[46,131265,94],{"class":60},[46,131267,22461],{"class":1140},[46,131269,43510],{"class":430},[46,131271,1185],{"class":64},[46,131273,1009],{"class":102},[46,131275,22470],{"class":64},[46,131277,131278],{"class":430},"!\"",[46,131280,215],{"class":60},[20,131282,131283],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131285,131286,131287,131289,131290,507],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131288,126316],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[501,131291,89651],{"href":89650},[32,131293,1834],{"id":1833},[20,131295,131296,131297,507],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131298,126316],{},[283,131300,131302],{"id":131301},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131304,131305],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[37,131307,131309],{"className":39,"code":131308,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131310,131311,131344],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131312,131313,131315,131317,131319,131321,131323,131326,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131314,34856],{"class":52},[46,131316,57],{"class":56},[46,131318,438],{"class":426},[46,131320,45066],{"class":430},[46,131322,3973],{"class":64},[46,131324,131325],{"class":64}," {}",[46,131327,89806],{"class":430},[46,131329,427],{"class":426},[46,131331,507],{"class":60},[46,131333,130036],{"class":102},[46,131335,94],{"class":60},[46,131337,427],{"class":426},[46,131339,7849],{"class":430},[46,131341,427],{"class":426},[46,131343,215],{"class":60},[46,131345,131346,131348,131350,131352],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131347,91],{"class":90},[46,131349,94],{"class":60},[46,131351,34877],{"class":102},[46,131353,215],{"class":60},[20,131355,131356],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131358,131359],{},"Fixed version:",[37,131361,131363],{"className":39,"code":131362,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131364,131365,131406],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131366,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391,131393,131395,131397,131399,131402,131404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131368,34856],{"class":52},[46,131370,57],{"class":56},[46,131372,438],{"class":426},[46,131374,45066],{"class":430},[46,131376,3973],{"class":64},[46,131378,131325],{"class":64},[46,131380,89806],{"class":430},[46,131382,427],{"class":426},[46,131384,507],{"class":60},[46,131386,130036],{"class":102},[46,131388,94],{"class":60},[46,131390,427],{"class":426},[46,131392,7849],{"class":430},[46,131394,427],{"class":426},[46,131396,68],{"class":60},[46,131398,438],{"class":426},[46,131400,131401],{"class":430},"Lee",[46,131403,427],{"class":426},[46,131405,215],{"class":60},[46,131407,131408,131410,131412,131414],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131409,91],{"class":90},[46,131411,94],{"class":60},[46,131413,34877],{"class":102},[46,131415,215],{"class":60},[283,131417,131419],{"id":131418},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131421,131422,131423,507],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131424,126316],{},[20,131426,131427],{},"Problem:",[37,131429,131431],{"className":39,"code":131430,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131432,131433,131467],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131434,131435,131437,131439,131441,131443,131445,131447,131449,131451,131453,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131436,34856],{"class":52},[46,131438,57],{"class":56},[46,131440,438],{"class":426},[46,131442,45066],{"class":430},[46,131444,130653],{"class":64},[46,131446,89806],{"class":430},[46,131448,427],{"class":426},[46,131450,507],{"class":60},[46,131452,130036],{"class":102},[46,131454,94],{"class":60},[46,131456,8156],{"class":254},[46,131458,57],{"class":56},[46,131460,427],{"class":426},[46,131462,7849],{"class":430},[46,131464,427],{"class":426},[46,131466,215],{"class":60},[46,131468,131469,131471,131473,131475],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131470,91],{"class":90},[46,131472,94],{"class":60},[46,131474,34877],{"class":102},[46,131476,215],{"class":60},[20,131478,131359],{},[37,131480,131482],{"className":39,"code":131481,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131483,131484,131518],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131485,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498,131500,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512,131514,131516],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131487,34856],{"class":52},[46,131489,57],{"class":56},[46,131491,438],{"class":426},[46,131493,45066],{"class":430},[46,131495,130653],{"class":64},[46,131497,89806],{"class":430},[46,131499,427],{"class":426},[46,131501,507],{"class":60},[46,131503,130036],{"class":102},[46,131505,94],{"class":60},[46,131507,1009],{"class":254},[46,131509,57],{"class":56},[46,131511,427],{"class":426},[46,131513,7849],{"class":430},[46,131515,427],{"class":426},[46,131517,215],{"class":60},[46,131519,131520,131522,131524,131526],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131521,91],{"class":90},[46,131523,94],{"class":60},[46,131525,34877],{"class":102},[46,131527,215],{"class":60},[283,131529,1853,131531,131533],{"id":131530},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131532,126316],{}," to change the original string",[20,131535,131536,131538],{},[15,131537,126316],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131540,131427],{},[37,131542,131544],{"className":39,"code":131543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131545,131546,131560,131578],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131547,131548,131550,131552,131554,131556,131558],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131549,34856],{"class":52},[46,131551,57],{"class":56},[46,131553,438],{"class":426},[46,131555,45066],{"class":430},[46,131557,3973],{"class":64},[46,131559,3544],{"class":426},[46,131561,131562,131564,131566,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131563,34877],{"class":52},[46,131565,507],{"class":60},[46,131567,130036],{"class":102},[46,131569,94],{"class":60},[46,131571,427],{"class":426},[46,131573,7849],{"class":430},[46,131575,427],{"class":426},[46,131577,215],{"class":60},[46,131579,131580,131582,131584,131586],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,131581,91],{"class":90},[46,131583,94],{"class":60},[46,131585,34877],{"class":102},[46,131587,215],{"class":60},[20,131589,131590],{},[3924,131591,143],{},[37,131593,131595],{"className":39,"code":131594,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131596,131597],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131598,131599,131601,131603],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131600,35036],{"class":52},[46,131602,68],{"class":60},[46,131604,10007],{"class":60},[20,131606,131359],{},[37,131608,131610],{"className":39,"code":131609,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131611,131612,131626,131648],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131613,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131615,34856],{"class":52},[46,131617,57],{"class":56},[46,131619,438],{"class":426},[46,131621,45066],{"class":430},[46,131623,3973],{"class":64},[46,131625,3544],{"class":426},[46,131627,131628,131630,131632,131634,131636,131638,131640,131642,131644,131646],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131629,34856],{"class":52},[46,131631,57],{"class":56},[46,131633,43005],{"class":52},[46,131635,507],{"class":60},[46,131637,130036],{"class":102},[46,131639,94],{"class":60},[46,131641,427],{"class":426},[46,131643,7849],{"class":430},[46,131645,427],{"class":426},[46,131647,215],{"class":60},[46,131649,131650,131652,131654,131656],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,131651,91],{"class":90},[46,131653,94],{"class":60},[46,131655,34877],{"class":102},[46,131657,215],{"class":60},[283,131659,1859,131661,131663],{"id":131660},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131662,126316],{}," returns a new string",[20,131665,131666],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[283,131668,131670],{"id":131669},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131672,131673],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131675,131676,131677,131679],{},"Use simple ",[15,131678,3973],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131681,131682,131683,507],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[501,131684,90364],{"href":90363},[32,131686,68055],{"id":68054},[20,131688,131689],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[37,131691,131693],{"className":39,"code":131692,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131694,131695,131705,131719,131748],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131698,91],{"class":90},[46,131700,94],{"class":60},[46,131702,34877],{"class":102},[46,131704,215],{"class":60},[46,131706,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131708,91],{"class":90},[46,131710,94],{"class":60},[46,131712,1889],{"class":1270},[46,131714,94],{"class":60},[46,131716,2659],{"class":102},[46,131718,106],{"class":60},[46,131720,131721,131723,131725,131727,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,131722,91],{"class":90},[46,131724,94],{"class":60},[46,131726,427],{"class":426},[46,131728,131729],{"class":430},"Hello ",[46,131731,3973],{"class":64},[46,131733,427],{"class":426},[46,131735,507],{"class":60},[46,131737,130036],{"class":102},[46,131739,94],{"class":60},[46,131741,427],{"class":426},[46,131743,7849],{"class":430},[46,131745,427],{"class":426},[46,131747,106],{"class":60},[46,131749,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,131751,32320],{"class":90},[46,131753,94],{"class":60},[46,131755,1769],{"class":1270},[46,131757,507],{"class":60},[46,131759,130036],{"class":1774},[46,131761,215],{"class":60},[20,131763,131764],{},"Use them to check:",[172,131766,131767,131770,131773,131776],{},[175,131768,131769],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[175,131771,131772],{},"what type your value has",[175,131774,131775],{},"whether a small test example works",[175,131777,131778,131779],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131780,131781],{},"str.format",[32,131783,1991],{"id":1990},[283,131785,129817,131787,12884],{"id":131786},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131788,126316],{},[20,131790,131791],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[283,131793,131795],{"id":131794},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131797,131798,131799,131801],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131800,3973],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[283,131803,131805,131806,2035],{"id":131804},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131807,126316],{},[20,131809,131810,131811,131814],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131812,131813],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[283,131816,15069,131818,131820],{"id":131817},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131819,126316],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131822,131823,131824,131826],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131825,126316],{}," is still useful and common.",[32,131828,2065],{"id":2064},[172,131830,131831,131835,131839,131845,131851],{},[175,131832,131833],{},[501,131834,125068],{"href":51139},[175,131836,131837],{},[501,131838,90641],{"href":89650},[175,131840,131841],{},[501,131842,13,131843,506],{"href":46614},[15,131844,46617],{},[175,131846,131847],{},[501,131848,13,131849,506],{"href":42340},[15,131850,47846],{},[175,131852,131853],{},[501,131854,90364],{"href":90363},[2103,131856,131857],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":131859},[131860,131861,131863,131864,131865,131866,131867,131868,131870,131879,131880,131889],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":130103,"depth":87,"text":131862},"What the format() method does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":130384,"depth":87,"text":130385},{"id":130646,"depth":87,"text":130647},{"id":130877,"depth":87,"text":130878},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":131180,"depth":87,"text":131869},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":131871},[131872,131873,131874,131876,131878],{"id":131301,"depth":109,"text":131302},{"id":131418,"depth":109,"text":131419},{"id":131530,"depth":109,"text":131875},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131660,"depth":109,"text":131877},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131669,"depth":109,"text":131670},{"id":68054,"depth":87,"text":68055},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":131881},[131882,131884,131885,131887],{"id":131786,"depth":109,"text":131883},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131794,"depth":109,"text":131795},{"id":131804,"depth":109,"text":131886},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131817,"depth":109,"text":131888},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129963,"description":131890},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131897,"title":131898,"body":131899,"description":133379,"extension":2150,"meta":133380,"navigation":112,"path":133381,"seo":133382,"stem":133383,"__hash__":133384},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131900,"toc":133351},[131901,131906,131911,131916,131918,131980,131987,131993,131998,132000,132016,132018,132089,132091,132105,132108,132158,132160,132162,132189,132192,132207,132210,132251,132254,132299,132306,132355,132357,132365,132367,132385,132387,132480,132488,132529,132534,132541,132547,132554,132557,132561,132662,132664,132686,132690,132743,132746,132749,132755,132762,132764,132803,132805,132823,132833,132840,132923,132926,132933,132940,132947,132951,132959,133005,133009,133018,133083,133088,133093,133104,133106,133111,133138,133140,133243,133246,133266,133268,133273,133276,133280,133284,133291,133300,133306,133309,133315,133317,133319,133348],[10,131902,123313,131904,11490],{"id":131903},"python-string-index-method",[15,131905,59127],{},[20,131907,123318,131908,131910],{},[15,131909,59127],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131912,131913,131914,507],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131915,573],{},[32,131917,35],{"id":34},[37,131919,131921],{"className":39,"code":131920,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131922,131923,131935,131957,131967,131971,131975],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,131924,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,131926,34856],{"class":52},[46,131928,57],{"class":56},[46,131930,438],{"class":426},[46,131932,60566],{"class":430},[46,131934,3544],{"class":426},[46,131936,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947,131949,131951,131953,131955],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,131938,65080],{"class":52},[46,131940,57],{"class":56},[46,131942,43005],{"class":52},[46,131944,507],{"class":60},[46,131946,36016],{"class":102},[46,131948,94],{"class":60},[46,131950,427],{"class":426},[46,131952,60751],{"class":430},[46,131954,427],{"class":426},[46,131956,215],{"class":60},[46,131958,131959,131961,131963,131965],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,131960,91],{"class":90},[46,131962,94],{"class":60},[46,131964,65107],{"class":102},[46,131966,215],{"class":60},[46,131968,131969],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,131970,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,131972,131973],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,131974,90782],{"class":3845},[46,131976,131977],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,131978,131979],{"class":3845},"# 6\n",[20,131981,160,131982,131984,131985,507],{},[15,131983,59127],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131986,573],{},[32,131988,167,131990,170],{"id":131989},"what-strindex-does",[15,131991,131992],{},"str.index()",[20,131994,131995,131997],{},[15,131996,131992],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131999,13219],{},[172,132001,132002,132005,132008,132011],{},[175,132003,132004],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[175,132006,132007],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[175,132009,132010],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[175,132012,30461,132013,132015],{},[15,132014,573],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132017,2393],{},[37,132019,132021],{"className":39,"code":132020,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132022,132023,132035,132039,132064],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132024,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132026,34856],{"class":52},[46,132028,57],{"class":56},[46,132030,438],{"class":426},[46,132032,450],{"class":430},[46,132034,3544],{"class":426},[46,132036,132037],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132038,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,132040,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,132042,91],{"class":90},[46,132044,94],{"class":60},[46,132046,34877],{"class":102},[46,132048,507],{"class":60},[46,132050,36016],{"class":102},[46,132052,94],{"class":60},[46,132054,427],{"class":426},[46,132056,501],{"class":430},[46,132058,427],{"class":426},[46,132060,5533],{"class":60},[46,132062,132063],{"class":3845},"     # 1\n",[46,132065,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084,132086],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,132067,91],{"class":90},[46,132069,94],{"class":60},[46,132071,34877],{"class":102},[46,132073,507],{"class":60},[46,132075,36016],{"class":102},[46,132077,94],{"class":60},[46,132079,427],{"class":426},[46,132081,123406],{"class":430},[46,132083,427],{"class":426},[46,132085,5533],{"class":60},[46,132087,132088],{"class":3845},"    # 2\n",[20,132090,2364],{},[172,132092,132093,132099],{},[175,132094,132095,128526,132097],{},[15,132096,18263],{},[15,132098,3175],{},[175,132100,132101,128526,132103],{},[15,132102,128525],{},[15,132104,2243],{},[20,132106,132107],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[37,132109,132111],{"className":39,"code":132110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132112,132113,132125,132129,132153],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132114,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132116,34856],{"class":52},[46,132118,57],{"class":56},[46,132120,438],{"class":426},[46,132122,35036],{"class":430},[46,132124,3544],{"class":426},[46,132126,132127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132128,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,132130,132131,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,132132,91],{"class":90},[46,132134,94],{"class":60},[46,132136,34877],{"class":102},[46,132138,507],{"class":60},[46,132140,36016],{"class":102},[46,132142,94],{"class":60},[46,132144,427],{"class":426},[46,132146,51355],{"class":430},[46,132148,427],{"class":426},[46,132150,5533],{"class":60},[46,132152,20935],{"class":3845},[46,132154,132155],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,132156,132157],{"class":3845},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[32,132159,2343],{"id":2342},[20,132161,2346],{},[37,132163,132165],{"className":39,"code":132164,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132166,132167],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132168,132169,132171,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181,132183,132185,132187],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132170,61334],{"class":52},[46,132172,507],{"class":60},[46,132174,36016],{"class":102},[46,132176,94],{"class":60},[46,132178,2659],{"class":102},[46,132180,68],{"class":60},[46,132182,36220],{"class":102},[46,132184,68],{"class":60},[46,132186,65201],{"class":102},[46,132188,215],{"class":60},[20,132190,132191],{},"Parameters:",[172,132193,132194,132198,132202],{},[175,132195,132196,123505],{},[15,132197,2659],{},[175,132199,132200,128572],{},[15,132201,36241],{},[175,132203,132204,132206],{},[15,132205,52823],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132208,132209],{},"You can use just the value:",[37,132211,132213],{"className":39,"code":132212,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132214,132215,132227],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132216,132217,132219,132221,132223,132225],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132218,34856],{"class":52},[46,132220,57],{"class":56},[46,132222,438],{"class":426},[46,132224,41],{"class":430},[46,132226,3544],{"class":426},[46,132228,132229,132231,132233,132235,132237,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247,132249],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132230,91],{"class":90},[46,132232,94],{"class":60},[46,132234,34877],{"class":102},[46,132236,507],{"class":60},[46,132238,36016],{"class":102},[46,132240,94],{"class":60},[46,132242,427],{"class":426},[46,132244,63447],{"class":430},[46,132246,427],{"class":426},[46,132248,5533],{"class":60},[46,132250,51579],{"class":3845},[20,132252,132253],{},"Or include a start position:",[37,132255,132257],{"className":39,"code":132256,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132258,132259,132271],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132260,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132262,34856],{"class":52},[46,132264,57],{"class":56},[46,132266,438],{"class":426},[46,132268,450],{"class":430},[46,132270,3544],{"class":426},[46,132272,132273,132275,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295,132297],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132274,91],{"class":90},[46,132276,94],{"class":60},[46,132278,34877],{"class":102},[46,132280,507],{"class":60},[46,132282,36016],{"class":102},[46,132284,94],{"class":60},[46,132286,427],{"class":426},[46,132288,501],{"class":430},[46,132290,427],{"class":426},[46,132292,68],{"class":60},[46,132294,71],{"class":64},[46,132296,5533],{"class":60},[46,132298,50934],{"class":3845},[20,132300,132301,132302,2051,132304,198],{},"Or include both ",[15,132303,36241],{},[15,132305,52823],{},[37,132307,132309],{"className":39,"code":132308,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132310,132311,132323],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132312,132313,132315,132317,132319,132321],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132314,34856],{"class":52},[46,132316,57],{"class":56},[46,132318,438],{"class":426},[46,132320,450],{"class":430},[46,132322,3544],{"class":426},[46,132324,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132326,91],{"class":90},[46,132328,94],{"class":60},[46,132330,34877],{"class":102},[46,132332,507],{"class":60},[46,132334,36016],{"class":102},[46,132336,94],{"class":60},[46,132338,427],{"class":426},[46,132340,501],{"class":430},[46,132342,427],{"class":426},[46,132344,68],{"class":60},[46,132346,71],{"class":64},[46,132348,68],{"class":60},[46,132350,1508],{"class":64},[46,132352,5533],{"class":60},[46,132354,50934],{"class":3845},[32,132356,38186],{"id":38185},[20,132358,28876,132359,132361,132362,507],{},[15,132360,59127],{}," is a ",[3924,132363,132364],{},"zero-based index",[20,132366,2293],{},[172,132368,132369,132375,132380],{},[175,132370,132371,132372,132374],{},"Index ",[15,132373,554],{}," is the first character",[175,132376,132371,132377,132379],{},[15,132378,3175],{}," is the second character",[175,132381,132371,132382,132384],{},[15,132383,2243],{}," is the third character",[20,132386,2393],{},[37,132388,132390],{"className":39,"code":132389,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132391,132392,132404,132408,132432,132456],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132393,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132395,34856],{"class":52},[46,132397,57],{"class":56},[46,132399,438],{"class":426},[46,132401,934],{"class":430},[46,132403,3544],{"class":426},[46,132405,132406],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132407,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,132409,132410,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,132411,91],{"class":90},[46,132413,94],{"class":60},[46,132415,34877],{"class":102},[46,132417,507],{"class":60},[46,132419,36016],{"class":102},[46,132421,94],{"class":60},[46,132423,427],{"class":426},[46,132425,9908],{"class":430},[46,132427,427],{"class":426},[46,132429,5533],{"class":60},[46,132431,51411],{"class":3845},[46,132433,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450,132452,132454],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,132435,91],{"class":90},[46,132437,94],{"class":60},[46,132439,34877],{"class":102},[46,132441,507],{"class":60},[46,132443,36016],{"class":102},[46,132445,94],{"class":60},[46,132447,427],{"class":426},[46,132449,501],{"class":430},[46,132451,427],{"class":426},[46,132453,5533],{"class":60},[46,132455,27947],{"class":3845},[46,132457,132458,132460,132462,132464,132466,132468,132470,132472,132474,132476,132478],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,132459,91],{"class":90},[46,132461,94],{"class":60},[46,132463,34877],{"class":102},[46,132465,507],{"class":60},[46,132467,36016],{"class":102},[46,132469,94],{"class":60},[46,132471,427],{"class":426},[46,132473,63447],{"class":430},[46,132475,427],{"class":426},[46,132477,5533],{"class":60},[46,132479,51579],{"class":3845},[20,132481,132482,132484,132485,132487],{},[15,132483,59127],{}," returns only the ",[3924,132486,30076],{}," matching position.",[37,132489,132491],{"className":39,"code":132490,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132492,132493,132505],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132494,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132496,34856],{"class":52},[46,132498,57],{"class":56},[46,132500,438],{"class":426},[46,132502,450],{"class":430},[46,132504,3544],{"class":426},[46,132506,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132508,91],{"class":90},[46,132510,94],{"class":60},[46,132512,34877],{"class":102},[46,132514,507],{"class":60},[46,132516,36016],{"class":102},[46,132518,94],{"class":60},[46,132520,427],{"class":426},[46,132522,501],{"class":430},[46,132524,427],{"class":426},[46,132526,5533],{"class":60},[46,132528,27947],{"class":3845},[20,132530,21145,132531,132533],{},[15,132532,18263],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132535,132536,132537,507],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[501,132538,132539,10910],{"href":124763},[15,132540,58751],{},[32,132542,578,132543,2051,132545],{"id":65567},[15,132544,36241],{},[15,132546,52823],{},[20,132548,882,132549,2051,132551,132553],{},[15,132550,36241],{},[15,132552,52823],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132555,132556],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132558,46205,132559,198],{},[15,132560,36241],{},[37,132562,132564],{"className":39,"code":132563,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132565,132566,132578,132582,132606,132634],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132567,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132569,34856],{"class":52},[46,132571,57],{"class":56},[46,132573,438],{"class":426},[46,132575,450],{"class":430},[46,132577,3544],{"class":426},[46,132579,132580],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132581,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,132583,132584,132586,132588,132590,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600,132602,132604],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,132585,91],{"class":90},[46,132587,94],{"class":60},[46,132589,34877],{"class":102},[46,132591,507],{"class":60},[46,132593,36016],{"class":102},[46,132595,94],{"class":60},[46,132597,427],{"class":426},[46,132599,501],{"class":430},[46,132601,427],{"class":426},[46,132603,5533],{"class":60},[46,132605,51284],{"class":3845},[46,132607,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,132609,91],{"class":90},[46,132611,94],{"class":60},[46,132613,34877],{"class":102},[46,132615,507],{"class":60},[46,132617,36016],{"class":102},[46,132619,94],{"class":60},[46,132621,427],{"class":426},[46,132623,501],{"class":430},[46,132625,427],{"class":426},[46,132627,68],{"class":60},[46,132629,71],{"class":64},[46,132631,5533],{"class":60},[46,132633,51133],{"class":3845},[46,132635,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,132637,91],{"class":90},[46,132639,94],{"class":60},[46,132641,34877],{"class":102},[46,132643,507],{"class":60},[46,132645,36016],{"class":102},[46,132647,94],{"class":60},[46,132649,427],{"class":426},[46,132651,501],{"class":430},[46,132653,427],{"class":426},[46,132655,68],{"class":60},[46,132657,2643],{"class":64},[46,132659,5533],{"class":60},[46,132661,50917],{"class":3845},[20,132663,20124],{},[172,132665,132666,132673,132679],{},[175,132667,132668,132669,65757,132671],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132670,18263],{},[15,132672,3175],{},[175,132674,132675,132676,132678],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132677,2243],{}," skips that first match",[175,132680,132675,132681,132683,132684],{},[15,132682,2691],{}," finds the last ",[15,132685,18263],{},[20,132687,46205,132688,198],{},[15,132689,52823],{},[37,132691,132693],{"className":39,"code":132692,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132694,132695,132707,132711],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132696,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132698,34856],{"class":52},[46,132700,57],{"class":56},[46,132702,438],{"class":426},[46,132704,450],{"class":430},[46,132706,3544],{"class":426},[46,132708,132709],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132710,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,132712,132713,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132739,132741],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,132714,91],{"class":90},[46,132716,94],{"class":60},[46,132718,34877],{"class":102},[46,132720,507],{"class":60},[46,132722,36016],{"class":102},[46,132724,94],{"class":60},[46,132726,427],{"class":426},[46,132728,76184],{"class":430},[46,132730,427],{"class":426},[46,132732,68],{"class":60},[46,132734,4015],{"class":64},[46,132736,68],{"class":60},[46,132738,2643],{"class":64},[46,132740,5533],{"class":60},[46,132742,51579],{"class":3845},[20,132744,132745],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132747,132748],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[32,132750,44377,132752,132754],{"id":132751},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132753,59127],{}," causes an error",[20,132756,132757,132758,2020,132760,507],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132759,59127],{},[15,132761,573],{},[20,132763,2393],{},[37,132765,132767],{"className":39,"code":132766,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132768,132769,132781],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132770,132771,132773,132775,132777,132779],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132772,34856],{"class":52},[46,132774,57],{"class":56},[46,132776,438],{"class":426},[46,132778,4027],{"class":430},[46,132780,3544],{"class":426},[46,132782,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132784,91],{"class":90},[46,132786,94],{"class":60},[46,132788,34877],{"class":102},[46,132790,507],{"class":60},[46,132792,36016],{"class":102},[46,132794,94],{"class":60},[46,132796,427],{"class":426},[46,132798,22244],{"class":430},[46,132800,427],{"class":426},[46,132802,106],{"class":60},[20,132804,143],{},[37,132806,132808],{"className":39,"code":132807,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132809,132810],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132811,132812,132814,132816,132819,132821],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132813,573],{"class":1270},[46,132815,198],{"class":60},[46,132817,132818],{"class":52}," substring ",[46,132820,4805],{"class":56},[46,132822,65990],{"class":52},[20,132824,53504,132825,126279,132830,132832],{},[501,132826,132827],{"href":129957},[15,132828,132829],{},"str.find()",[15,132831,66014],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132834,132835,132836,2051,132838,198],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132837,29971],{},[15,132839,30002],{},[37,132841,132843],{"className":39,"code":132842,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132844,132845,132857,132861,132867,132890,132900,132908],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132846,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132848,34856],{"class":52},[46,132850,57],{"class":56},[46,132852,438],{"class":426},[46,132854,4027],{"class":430},[46,132856,3544],{"class":426},[46,132858,132859],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132860,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,132862,132863,132865],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,132864,29971],{"class":1595},[46,132866,6566],{"class":60},[46,132868,132869,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,132870,132871],{"class":52},"    position ",[46,132873,57],{"class":56},[46,132875,43005],{"class":52},[46,132877,507],{"class":60},[46,132879,36016],{"class":102},[46,132881,94],{"class":60},[46,132883,427],{"class":426},[46,132885,22244],{"class":430},[46,132887,427],{"class":426},[46,132889,215],{"class":60},[46,132891,132892,132894,132896,132898],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,132893,8240],{"class":90},[46,132895,94],{"class":60},[46,132897,65107],{"class":102},[46,132899,215],{"class":60},[46,132901,132902,132904,132906],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,132903,30002],{"class":1595},[46,132905,42091],{"class":1270},[46,132907,6566],{"class":60},[46,132909,132910,132912,132914,132916,132919,132921],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,132911,8240],{"class":90},[46,132913,94],{"class":60},[46,132915,427],{"class":426},[46,132917,132918],{"class":430},"Substring not found",[46,132920,427],{"class":426},[46,132922,215],{"class":60},[20,132924,132925],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132927,42111,132928,507],{},[501,132929,25847,132931],{"href":132930},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132932,129284],{},[32,132934,132936,10755,132938],{"id":132935},"index-vs-find",[15,132937,59127],{},[15,132939,124308],{},[20,132941,132942,2051,132944,132946],{},[15,132943,59127],{},[15,132945,124308],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[283,132948,132949],{"id":36016},[15,132950,59127],{},[172,132952,132953,132956],{},[175,132954,132955],{},"Returns the first match position",[175,132957,132958],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[37,132960,132962],{"className":39,"code":132961,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132963,132964,132976,133000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,132965,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,132967,34856],{"class":52},[46,132969,57],{"class":56},[46,132971,438],{"class":426},[46,132973,4027],{"class":430},[46,132975,3544],{"class":426},[46,132977,132978,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,132979,91],{"class":90},[46,132981,94],{"class":60},[46,132983,34877],{"class":102},[46,132985,507],{"class":60},[46,132987,36016],{"class":102},[46,132989,94],{"class":60},[46,132991,427],{"class":426},[46,132993,60607],{"class":430},[46,132995,427],{"class":426},[46,132997,5533],{"class":60},[46,132999,27947],{"class":3845},[46,133001,133002],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,133003,133004],{"class":3845},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[283,133006,133007],{"id":128338},[15,133008,124308],{},[172,133010,133011,133013],{},[175,133012,132955],{},[175,133014,11592,133015,133017],{},[15,133016,66014],{}," if nothing is found",[37,133019,133021],{"className":39,"code":133020,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133022,133023,133035,133059],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133024,133025,133027,133029,133031,133033],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133026,34856],{"class":52},[46,133028,57],{"class":56},[46,133030,438],{"class":426},[46,133032,4027],{"class":430},[46,133034,3544],{"class":426},[46,133036,133037,133039,133041,133043,133045,133047,133049,133051,133053,133055,133057],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133038,91],{"class":90},[46,133040,94],{"class":60},[46,133042,34877],{"class":102},[46,133044,507],{"class":60},[46,133046,128338],{"class":102},[46,133048,94],{"class":60},[46,133050,427],{"class":426},[46,133052,60607],{"class":430},[46,133054,427],{"class":426},[46,133056,5533],{"class":60},[46,133058,27947],{"class":3845},[46,133060,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133079,133081],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,133062,91],{"class":90},[46,133064,94],{"class":60},[46,133066,34877],{"class":102},[46,133068,507],{"class":60},[46,133070,128338],{"class":102},[46,133072,94],{"class":60},[46,133074,427],{"class":426},[46,133076,22244],{"class":430},[46,133078,427],{"class":426},[46,133080,5533],{"class":60},[46,133082,128694],{"class":3845},[20,133084,160,133085,133087],{},[15,133086,59127],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133089,160,133090,133092],{},[15,133091,124308],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133094,133095,133096,3065,133101,507],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[501,133097,133098,133100],{"href":129957},[15,133099,132829],{}," method reference",[501,133102,127349],{"href":133103},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[32,133105,1834],{"id":1833},[20,133107,133108,133109,198],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133110,59127],{},[172,133112,133113,133116,133123,133128,133133],{},[175,133114,133115],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[175,133117,1853,133118,8627,133120,133122],{},[15,133119,59127],{},[15,133121,66014],{}," when no match exists",[175,133124,578,133125,133127],{},[15,133126,59127],{}," on a value that may not be present",[175,133129,133130,133131],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133132,3175],{},[175,133134,4754,133135,133137],{},[15,133136,59127],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133139,62455],{},[37,133141,133143],{"className":39,"code":133142,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133144,133145,133155,133169,133191,133213],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133146,133147,133149,133151,133153],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133148,91],{"class":90},[46,133150,94],{"class":60},[46,133152,34877],{"class":102},[46,133154,215],{"class":60},[46,133156,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165,133167],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133158,91],{"class":90},[46,133160,94],{"class":60},[46,133162,41944],{"class":90},[46,133164,94],{"class":60},[46,133166,34877],{"class":102},[46,133168,106],{"class":60},[46,133170,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,133172,91],{"class":90},[46,133174,94],{"class":60},[46,133176,34877],{"class":102},[46,133178,507],{"class":60},[46,133180,36016],{"class":102},[46,133182,94],{"class":60},[46,133184,427],{"class":426},[46,133186,2659],{"class":430},[46,133188,427],{"class":426},[46,133190,106],{"class":60},[46,133192,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,133194,91],{"class":90},[46,133196,94],{"class":60},[46,133198,34877],{"class":102},[46,133200,507],{"class":60},[46,133202,128338],{"class":102},[46,133204,94],{"class":60},[46,133206,427],{"class":426},[46,133208,2659],{"class":430},[46,133210,427],{"class":426},[46,133212,106],{"class":60},[46,133214,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,133216,91],{"class":90},[46,133218,94],{"class":60},[46,133220,34877],{"class":102},[46,133222,507],{"class":60},[46,133224,36016],{"class":102},[46,133226,94],{"class":60},[46,133228,427],{"class":426},[46,133230,2659],{"class":430},[46,133232,427],{"class":426},[46,133234,68],{"class":60},[46,133236,36220],{"class":102},[46,133238,68],{"class":60},[46,133240,65201],{"class":102},[46,133242,106],{"class":60},[20,133244,133245],{},"Tips:",[172,133247,133248,133253,133258,133261],{},[175,133249,160,133250,133252],{},[15,133251,126235],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[175,133254,160,133255,133257],{},[15,133256,124308],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[175,133259,133260],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[175,133262,133263,133264],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133265,554],{},[32,133267,1991],{"id":1990},[283,133269,129817,133271,12884],{"id":133270},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133272,59127],{},[20,133274,133275],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[283,133277,133279],{"id":133278},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133281,77011,133282,507],{},[15,133283,573],{},[283,133285,2048,133287,2051,133289,2035],{"id":133286},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133288,59127],{},[15,133290,124308],{},[20,133292,133293,133295,133296,2583,133298,6803],{},[15,133294,59127],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133297,124308],{},[15,133299,66014],{},[283,133301,2005,133303,133305],{"id":133302},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133304,59127],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133307,133308],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[283,133310,133312,133313,124649],{"id":133311},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133314,59127],{},[20,133316,129842],{},[32,133318,2065],{"id":2064},[172,133320,133321,133327,133331,133336,133342],{},[175,133322,133323],{},[501,133324,133325,10910],{"href":129957},[15,133326,132829],{},[175,133328,133329],{},[501,133330,124712],{"href":133103},[175,133332,133333],{},[501,133334,129918],{"href":133335},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[175,133337,133338],{},[501,133339,133340,10910],{"href":124763},[15,133341,58751],{},[175,133343,133344],{},[501,133345,30515,133346],{"href":132930},[15,133347,129284],{},[2103,133349,133350],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":133352},[133353,133354,133356,133357,133358,133359,133361,133366,133367,133378],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":131989,"depth":87,"text":133355},"What str.index() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":38185,"depth":87,"text":38186},{"id":65567,"depth":87,"text":66349},{"id":132751,"depth":87,"text":133360},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132935,"depth":87,"text":133362,"children":133363},"index() vs find()",[133364,133365],{"id":36016,"depth":109,"text":59127},{"id":128338,"depth":109,"text":124308},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":133368},[133369,133371,133372,133374,133376],{"id":133270,"depth":109,"text":133370},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133278,"depth":109,"text":133279},{"id":133286,"depth":109,"text":133373},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133302,"depth":109,"text":133375},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133311,"depth":109,"text":133377},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131898,"description":133379},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133386,"title":133387,"body":133388,"description":136163,"extension":2150,"meta":136164,"navigation":112,"path":136165,"seo":136166,"stem":136167,"__hash__":136168},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133389,"toc":136099},[133390,133396,133401,133404,133407,133418,133420,133489,133491,133505,133510,133515,133520,133522,133565,133567,133650,133652,133698,133704,133706,133708,133728,133730,133753,133755,133829,133831,133850,133855,133857,133861,133933,133935,133949,133953,134029,134031,134050,134054,134148,134150,134159,134166,134242,134244,134262,134266,134269,134276,134325,134327,134336,134343,134402,134404,134422,134425,134432,134491,134493,134511,134518,134575,134577,134586,134590,134595,134599,134658,134660,134678,134682,134729,134734,134737,134806,134808,134825,134832,134838,134893,134898,134901,134978,134980,134998,135004,135010,135070,135072,135091,135097,135100,135107,135160,135165,135167,135228,135237,135244,135246,135303,135308,135310,135381,135385,135440,135442,135451,135456,135462,135531,135533,135565,135571,135579,135586,135592,135657,135659,135668,135674,135755,135757,135766,135771,135785,135792,135796,135801,135829,135831,135964,135967,136004,136006,136012,136021,136026,136029,136034,136039,136045,136048,136057,136060,136062,136091,136096],[10,133391,123313,133393,11490],{"id":133392},"python-string-join-method",[15,133394,133395],{},"join()",[20,133397,123318,133398,133400],{},[15,133399,133395],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133402,133403],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133405,133406],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[172,133408,133409,133415],{},[175,133410,133411,133412,133414],{},"You call ",[15,133413,133395],{}," on the separator string",[175,133416,133417],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[32,133419,3792],{"id":3791},[37,133421,133423],{"className":39,"code":133422,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133424,133425,133458,133479],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133426,133427,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439,133441,133443,133445,133447,133449,133451,133454,133456],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133428,419],{"class":52},[46,133430,57],{"class":56},[46,133432,61],{"class":60},[46,133434,427],{"class":426},[46,133436,7470],{"class":430},[46,133438,427],{"class":426},[46,133440,68],{"class":60},[46,133442,438],{"class":426},[46,133444,1283],{"class":430},[46,133446,427],{"class":426},[46,133448,68],{"class":60},[46,133450,438],{"class":426},[46,133452,133453],{"class":430},"fun",[46,133455,427],{"class":426},[46,133457,84],{"class":60},[46,133459,133460,133462,133464,133466,133468,133470,133473,133475,133477],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133461,2416],{"class":52},[46,133463,57],{"class":56},[46,133465,438],{"class":426},[46,133467,438],{"class":426},[46,133469,507],{"class":60},[46,133471,133472],{"class":102},"join",[46,133474,94],{"class":60},[46,133476,467],{"class":102},[46,133478,215],{"class":60},[46,133480,133481,133483,133485,133487],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,133482,91],{"class":90},[46,133484,94],{"class":60},[46,133486,2451],{"class":102},[46,133488,215],{"class":60},[20,133490,143],{},[37,133492,133494],{"className":39,"code":133493,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python is fun\n",[15,133495,133496],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133497,133498,133500,133502],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133499,13],{"class":52},[46,133501,1283],{"class":56},[46,133503,133504],{"class":52}," fun\n",[20,133506,160,133507,133509],{},[15,133508,133395],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[32,133511,167,133513,170],{"id":133512},"what-join-does",[15,133514,133395],{},[20,133516,133517,133519],{},[15,133518,133395],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133521,888],{},[172,133523,133524,133531,133559,133562],{},[175,133525,133526,133527,133530],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133528,133529],{},".join()"," as the separator",[175,133532,133533,133534],{},"Common separators are:\n",[172,133535,133536,133542,133548,133554],{},[175,133537,133538,133541],{},[15,133539,133540],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[175,133543,133544,133547],{},[15,133545,133546],{},"\", \""," for commas",[175,133549,133550,133553],{},[15,133551,133552],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[175,133555,133556,133558],{},[15,133557,6444],{}," for no separator",[175,133560,133561],{},"It returns a new string",[175,133563,133564],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133566,2393],{},[37,133568,133570],{"className":39,"code":133569,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133571,133572,133604,133626,133630,133640],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133573,133574,133576,133578,133580,133582,133584,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133596,133598,133600,133602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133575,419],{"class":52},[46,133577,57],{"class":56},[46,133579,61],{"class":60},[46,133581,427],{"class":426},[46,133583,13260],{"class":430},[46,133585,427],{"class":426},[46,133587,68],{"class":60},[46,133589,438],{"class":426},[46,133591,17622],{"class":430},[46,133593,427],{"class":426},[46,133595,68],{"class":60},[46,133597,438],{"class":426},[46,133599,13277],{"class":430},[46,133601,427],{"class":426},[46,133603,84],{"class":60},[46,133605,133606,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133618,133620,133622,133624],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133607,2416],{"class":52},[46,133609,57],{"class":56},[46,133611,438],{"class":426},[46,133613,2374],{"class":430},[46,133615,427],{"class":426},[46,133617,507],{"class":60},[46,133619,133472],{"class":102},[46,133621,94],{"class":60},[46,133623,467],{"class":102},[46,133625,215],{"class":60},[46,133627,133628],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,133629,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,133631,133632,133634,133636,133638],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,133633,91],{"class":90},[46,133635,94],{"class":60},[46,133637,2451],{"class":102},[46,133639,215],{"class":60},[46,133641,133642,133644,133646,133648],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,133643,91],{"class":90},[46,133645,94],{"class":60},[46,133647,467],{"class":102},[46,133649,215],{"class":60},[20,133651,143],{},[37,133653,133655],{"className":39,"code":133654,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133656,133657,133670],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133658,133659,133661,133663,133666,133668],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133660,13260],{"class":52},[46,133662,68],{"class":60},[46,133664,133665],{"class":52}," green",[46,133667,68],{"class":60},[46,133669,36051],{"class":52},[46,133671,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133673,1152],{"class":60},[46,133675,1188],{"class":426},[46,133677,13260],{"class":430},[46,133679,1188],{"class":426},[46,133681,68],{"class":60},[46,133683,1197],{"class":426},[46,133685,17622],{"class":430},[46,133687,1188],{"class":426},[46,133689,68],{"class":60},[46,133691,1197],{"class":426},[46,133693,13277],{"class":430},[46,133695,1188],{"class":426},[46,133697,84],{"class":60},[20,133699,133700,133701,133703],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133702,133395],{}," creates a new string.",[32,133705,2343],{"id":2342},[20,133707,7391],{},[37,133709,133711],{"className":39,"code":133710,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133712,133713],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133714,133715,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133716,133717],{"class":52},"separator",[46,133719,507],{"class":60},[46,133721,133472],{"class":102},[46,133723,94],{"class":60},[46,133725,212],{"class":102},[46,133727,215],{"class":60},[283,133729,49173],{"id":49172},[172,133731,133732,133745,133750],{},[175,133733,133734,133736,133737,2374,133739,2374,133741,2378,133743],{},[15,133735,133717],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133738,133540],{},[15,133740,133546],{},[15,133742,133552],{},[15,133744,6444],{},[175,133746,133747,133749],{},[15,133748,212],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[175,133751,133752],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133754,2393],{},[37,133756,133758],{"className":39,"code":133757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133759,133760,133792,133815,133819],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133761,133762,133764,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133763,5169],{"class":52},[46,133765,57],{"class":56},[46,133767,61],{"class":60},[46,133769,427],{"class":426},[46,133771,1018],{"class":430},[46,133773,427],{"class":426},[46,133775,68],{"class":60},[46,133777,438],{"class":426},[46,133779,1054],{"class":430},[46,133781,427],{"class":426},[46,133783,68],{"class":60},[46,133785,438],{"class":426},[46,133787,1087],{"class":430},[46,133789,427],{"class":426},[46,133791,84],{"class":60},[46,133793,133794,133796,133798,133800,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133795,2416],{"class":52},[46,133797,57],{"class":56},[46,133799,438],{"class":426},[46,133801,133802],{"class":430}," | ",[46,133804,427],{"class":426},[46,133806,507],{"class":60},[46,133808,133472],{"class":102},[46,133810,94],{"class":60},[46,133812,5213],{"class":102},[46,133814,215],{"class":60},[46,133816,133817],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,133818,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,133820,133821,133823,133825,133827],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,133822,91],{"class":90},[46,133824,94],{"class":60},[46,133826,2451],{"class":102},[46,133828,215],{"class":60},[20,133830,143],{},[37,133832,133834],{"className":39,"code":133833,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133835,133836],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133837,133838,133841,133843,133846,133848],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133839,133840],{"class":52},"Ana ",[46,133842,113820],{"class":56},[46,133844,133845],{"class":52}," Ben ",[46,133847,113820],{"class":56},[46,133849,36190],{"class":52},[20,133851,133852,133853,507],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[501,133854,125068],{"href":51139},[32,133856,121844],{"id":121843},[283,133858,133860],{"id":133859},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[37,133862,133864],{"className":39,"code":133863,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133865,133866,133899,133919,133923],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133867,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133895,133897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133869,419],{"class":52},[46,133871,57],{"class":56},[46,133873,61],{"class":60},[46,133875,427],{"class":426},[46,133877,7470],{"class":430},[46,133879,427],{"class":426},[46,133881,68],{"class":60},[46,133883,438],{"class":426},[46,133885,1283],{"class":430},[46,133887,427],{"class":426},[46,133889,68],{"class":60},[46,133891,438],{"class":426},[46,133893,133894],{"class":430},"easy",[46,133896,427],{"class":426},[46,133898,84],{"class":60},[46,133900,133901,133903,133905,133907,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133902,2416],{"class":52},[46,133904,57],{"class":56},[46,133906,438],{"class":426},[46,133908,438],{"class":426},[46,133910,507],{"class":60},[46,133912,133472],{"class":102},[46,133914,94],{"class":60},[46,133916,467],{"class":102},[46,133918,215],{"class":60},[46,133920,133921],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,133922,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,133924,133925,133927,133929,133931],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,133926,91],{"class":90},[46,133928,94],{"class":60},[46,133930,2451],{"class":102},[46,133932,215],{"class":60},[20,133934,143],{},[37,133936,133938],{"className":39,"code":133937,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python is easy\n",[15,133939,133940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133941,133942,133944,133946],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133943,13],{"class":52},[46,133945,1283],{"class":56},[46,133947,133948],{"class":52}," easy\n",[283,133950,133952],{"id":133951},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[37,133954,133956],{"className":39,"code":133955,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133957,133958,133993,134015,134019],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,133959,133960,133962,133964,133966,133968,133971,133973,133975,133977,133980,133982,133984,133986,133989,133991],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,133961,1398],{"class":52},[46,133963,57],{"class":56},[46,133965,61],{"class":60},[46,133967,427],{"class":426},[46,133969,133970],{"class":430},"apples",[46,133972,427],{"class":426},[46,133974,68],{"class":60},[46,133976,438],{"class":426},[46,133978,133979],{"class":430},"bananas",[46,133981,427],{"class":426},[46,133983,68],{"class":60},[46,133985,438],{"class":426},[46,133987,133988],{"class":430},"oranges",[46,133990,427],{"class":426},[46,133992,84],{"class":60},[46,133994,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,133996,2416],{"class":52},[46,133998,57],{"class":56},[46,134000,438],{"class":426},[46,134002,2374],{"class":430},[46,134004,427],{"class":426},[46,134006,507],{"class":60},[46,134008,133472],{"class":102},[46,134010,94],{"class":60},[46,134012,1415],{"class":102},[46,134014,215],{"class":60},[46,134016,134017],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,134018,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,134020,134021,134023,134025,134027],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,134022,91],{"class":90},[46,134024,94],{"class":60},[46,134026,2451],{"class":102},[46,134028,215],{"class":60},[20,134030,143],{},[37,134032,134034],{"className":39,"code":134033,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134035,134036],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134037,134038,134040,134042,134045,134047],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134039,133970],{"class":52},[46,134041,68],{"class":60},[46,134043,134044],{"class":52}," bananas",[46,134046,68],{"class":60},[46,134048,134049],{"class":52}," oranges\n",[283,134051,134053],{"id":134052},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[37,134055,134057],{"className":39,"code":134056,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134058,134059,134116,134134,134138],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134060,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134062,36259],{"class":52},[46,134064,57],{"class":56},[46,134066,61],{"class":60},[46,134068,427],{"class":426},[46,134070,134071],{"class":430},"P",[46,134073,427],{"class":426},[46,134075,68],{"class":60},[46,134077,438],{"class":426},[46,134079,11914],{"class":430},[46,134081,427],{"class":426},[46,134083,68],{"class":60},[46,134085,438],{"class":426},[46,134087,63447],{"class":430},[46,134089,427],{"class":426},[46,134091,68],{"class":60},[46,134093,438],{"class":426},[46,134095,60598],{"class":430},[46,134097,427],{"class":426},[46,134099,68],{"class":60},[46,134101,438],{"class":426},[46,134103,60633],{"class":430},[46,134105,427],{"class":426},[46,134107,68],{"class":60},[46,134109,438],{"class":426},[46,134111,76184],{"class":430},[46,134113,427],{"class":426},[46,134115,84],{"class":60},[46,134117,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130,134132],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134119,2416],{"class":52},[46,134121,57],{"class":56},[46,134123,6298],{"class":426},[46,134125,507],{"class":60},[46,134127,133472],{"class":102},[46,134129,94],{"class":60},[46,134131,36312],{"class":102},[46,134133,215],{"class":60},[46,134135,134136],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,134137,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,134139,134140,134142,134144,134146],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,134141,91],{"class":90},[46,134143,94],{"class":60},[46,134145,2451],{"class":102},[46,134147,215],{"class":60},[20,134149,143],{},[37,134151,134153],{"className":39,"code":134152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python\n",[15,134154,134155],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134156,134157],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134158,134152],{"class":52},[283,134160,134162,134163,134165],{"id":134161},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134164,133395],{}," returns the result",[37,134167,134169],{"className":39,"code":134168,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134170,134171,134204,134227,134231],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134172,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134200,134202],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134174,419],{"class":52},[46,134176,57],{"class":56},[46,134178,61],{"class":60},[46,134180,427],{"class":426},[46,134182,6757],{"class":430},[46,134184,427],{"class":426},[46,134186,68],{"class":60},[46,134188,438],{"class":426},[46,134190,79422],{"class":430},[46,134192,427],{"class":426},[46,134194,68],{"class":60},[46,134196,438],{"class":426},[46,134198,134199],{"class":430},"three",[46,134201,427],{"class":426},[46,134203,84],{"class":60},[46,134205,134206,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219,134221,134223,134225],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134207,134208],{"class":52},"joined_text ",[46,134210,57],{"class":56},[46,134212,438],{"class":426},[46,134214,2208],{"class":430},[46,134216,427],{"class":426},[46,134218,507],{"class":60},[46,134220,133472],{"class":102},[46,134222,94],{"class":60},[46,134224,467],{"class":102},[46,134226,215],{"class":60},[46,134228,134229],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,134230,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,134232,134233,134235,134237,134240],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,134234,91],{"class":90},[46,134236,94],{"class":60},[46,134238,134239],{"class":102},"joined_text",[46,134241,215],{"class":60},[20,134243,143],{},[37,134245,134247],{"className":39,"code":134246,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"one-two-three\n",[15,134248,134249],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134250,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134252,6757],{"class":52},[46,134254,2208],{"class":56},[46,134256,79422],{"class":52},[46,134258,2208],{"class":56},[46,134260,134261],{"class":52},"three\n",[32,134263,134265],{"id":134264},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134267,134268],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[283,134270,134272,134275],{"id":134271},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134273,134274],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[37,134277,134279],{"className":39,"code":134278,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134280,134281,134305],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134282,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134303],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134284,419],{"class":52},[46,134286,57],{"class":56},[46,134288,61],{"class":60},[46,134290,427],{"class":426},[46,134292,4027],{"class":430},[46,134294,427],{"class":426},[46,134296,68],{"class":60},[46,134298,438],{"class":426},[46,134300,60751],{"class":430},[46,134302,427],{"class":426},[46,134304,84],{"class":60},[46,134306,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134308,91],{"class":90},[46,134310,94],{"class":60},[46,134312,427],{"class":426},[46,134314,438],{"class":426},[46,134316,507],{"class":60},[46,134318,133472],{"class":102},[46,134320,94],{"class":60},[46,134322,467],{"class":102},[46,134324,106],{"class":60},[20,134326,143],{},[37,134328,134330],{"className":39,"code":134329,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello world\n",[15,134331,134332],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134333,134334],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134335,134329],{"class":52},[283,134337,134339,134342],{"id":134338},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134340,134341],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[37,134344,134346],{"className":39,"code":134345,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134347,134348,134380],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134349,134350,134352,134354,134356,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134351,13243],{"class":52},[46,134353,57],{"class":56},[46,134355,61],{"class":60},[46,134357,427],{"class":426},[46,134359,13260],{"class":430},[46,134361,427],{"class":426},[46,134363,68],{"class":60},[46,134365,438],{"class":426},[46,134367,13277],{"class":430},[46,134369,427],{"class":426},[46,134371,68],{"class":60},[46,134373,438],{"class":426},[46,134375,17622],{"class":430},[46,134377,427],{"class":426},[46,134379,84],{"class":60},[46,134381,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134383,91],{"class":90},[46,134385,94],{"class":60},[46,134387,427],{"class":426},[46,134389,2374],{"class":430},[46,134391,427],{"class":426},[46,134393,507],{"class":60},[46,134395,133472],{"class":102},[46,134397,94],{"class":60},[46,134399,17669],{"class":102},[46,134401,106],{"class":60},[20,134403,143],{},[37,134405,134407],{"className":39,"code":134406,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134408,134409],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134410,134411,134413,134415,134418,134420],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134412,13260],{"class":52},[46,134414,68],{"class":60},[46,134416,134417],{"class":52}," blue",[46,134419,68],{"class":60},[46,134421,36044],{"class":52},[20,134423,134424],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[283,134426,134428,134431],{"id":134427},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134429,134430],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[37,134433,134435],{"className":39,"code":134434,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134436,134437,134469],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134438,134439,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457,134459,134461,134463,134465,134467],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134440,43000],{"class":52},[46,134442,57],{"class":56},[46,134444,61],{"class":60},[46,134446,427],{"class":426},[46,134448,41],{"class":430},[46,134450,427],{"class":426},[46,134452,68],{"class":60},[46,134454,438],{"class":426},[46,134456,61334],{"class":430},[46,134458,427],{"class":426},[46,134460,68],{"class":60},[46,134462,438],{"class":426},[46,134464,133472],{"class":430},[46,134466,427],{"class":426},[46,134468,84],{"class":60},[46,134470,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134472,91],{"class":90},[46,134474,94],{"class":60},[46,134476,427],{"class":426},[46,134478,2208],{"class":430},[46,134480,427],{"class":426},[46,134482,507],{"class":60},[46,134484,133472],{"class":102},[46,134486,94],{"class":60},[46,134488,43032],{"class":102},[46,134490,106],{"class":60},[20,134492,143],{},[37,134494,134496],{"className":39,"code":134495,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"python-string-join\n",[15,134497,134498],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134499,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134501,41],{"class":52},[46,134503,2208],{"class":56},[46,134505,61334],{"class":52},[46,134507,2208],{"class":56},[46,134509,134510],{"class":52},"join\n",[283,134512,134514,134517],{"id":134513},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134515,134516],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[37,134519,134521],{"className":39,"code":134520,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134522,134523,134556],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134524,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134552,134554],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134526,112892],{"class":52},[46,134528,57],{"class":56},[46,134530,61],{"class":60},[46,134532,427],{"class":426},[46,134534,22412],{"class":430},[46,134536,427],{"class":426},[46,134538,68],{"class":60},[46,134540,438],{"class":426},[46,134542,30768],{"class":430},[46,134544,427],{"class":426},[46,134546,68],{"class":60},[46,134548,438],{"class":426},[46,134550,134551],{"class":430},"C",[46,134553,427],{"class":426},[46,134555,84],{"class":60},[46,134557,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134573],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134559,91],{"class":90},[46,134561,94],{"class":60},[46,134563,6444],{"class":426},[46,134565,507],{"class":60},[46,134567,133472],{"class":102},[46,134569,94],{"class":60},[46,134571,134572],{"class":102},"chars",[46,134574,106],{"class":60},[20,134576,143],{},[37,134578,134580],{"className":39,"code":134579,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ABC\n",[15,134581,134582],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134583,134584],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134585,134579],{"class":34622},[32,134587,134589],{"id":134588},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134591,134592,134594],{},[15,134593,133395],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[283,134596,134598],{"id":134597},"this-works","This works",[37,134600,134602],{"className":39,"code":134601,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134603,134604,134636],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134605,134606,134608,134610,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628,134630,134632,134634],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134607,4004],{"class":52},[46,134609,57],{"class":56},[46,134611,61],{"class":60},[46,134613,427],{"class":426},[46,134615,1494],{"class":430},[46,134617,427],{"class":426},[46,134619,68],{"class":60},[46,134621,438],{"class":426},[46,134623,1501],{"class":430},[46,134625,427],{"class":426},[46,134627,68],{"class":60},[46,134629,438],{"class":426},[46,134631,37010],{"class":430},[46,134633,427],{"class":426},[46,134635,84],{"class":60},[46,134637,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134639,91],{"class":90},[46,134641,94],{"class":60},[46,134643,427],{"class":426},[46,134645,2374],{"class":430},[46,134647,427],{"class":426},[46,134649,507],{"class":60},[46,134651,133472],{"class":102},[46,134653,94],{"class":60},[46,134655,5530],{"class":102},[46,134657,106],{"class":60},[20,134659,143],{},[37,134661,134663],{"className":39,"code":134662,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134664,134665],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134666,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134668,1494],{"class":64},[46,134670,68],{"class":60},[46,134672,7962],{"class":64},[46,134674,68],{"class":60},[46,134676,134677],{"class":64}," 30\n",[283,134679,134681],{"id":134680},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[37,134683,134685],{"className":39,"code":134684,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134686,134687,134707],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134688,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134690,4004],{"class":52},[46,134692,57],{"class":56},[46,134694,61],{"class":60},[46,134696,3175],{"class":64},[46,134698,68],{"class":60},[46,134700,71],{"class":64},[46,134702,68],{"class":60},[46,134704,312],{"class":64},[46,134706,84],{"class":60},[46,134708,134709,134711,134713,134715,134717,134719,134721,134723,134725,134727],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134710,91],{"class":90},[46,134712,94],{"class":60},[46,134714,427],{"class":426},[46,134716,2374],{"class":430},[46,134718,427],{"class":426},[46,134720,507],{"class":60},[46,134722,133472],{"class":102},[46,134724,94],{"class":60},[46,134726,5530],{"class":102},[46,134728,106],{"class":60},[20,134730,90269,134731,134733],{},[15,134732,1638],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134735,134736],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[37,134738,134740],{"className":39,"code":134739,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134741,134742,134762,134792,134796],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134743,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134745,4004],{"class":52},[46,134747,57],{"class":56},[46,134749,61],{"class":60},[46,134751,3175],{"class":64},[46,134753,68],{"class":60},[46,134755,71],{"class":64},[46,134757,68],{"class":60},[46,134759,312],{"class":64},[46,134761,84],{"class":60},[46,134763,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134765,2416],{"class":52},[46,134767,57],{"class":56},[46,134769,438],{"class":426},[46,134771,2374],{"class":430},[46,134773,427],{"class":426},[46,134775,507],{"class":60},[46,134777,133472],{"class":102},[46,134779,94],{"class":60},[46,134781,40025],{"class":90},[46,134783,94],{"class":60},[46,134785,1769],{"class":1270},[46,134787,68],{"class":60},[46,134789,4064],{"class":102},[46,134791,106],{"class":60},[46,134793,134794],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,134795,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,134797,134798,134800,134802,134804],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,134799,91],{"class":90},[46,134801,94],{"class":60},[46,134803,2451],{"class":102},[46,134805,215],{"class":60},[20,134807,143],{},[37,134809,134811],{"className":39,"code":134810,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134812,134813],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134814,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134816,3175],{"class":64},[46,134818,68],{"class":60},[46,134820,71],{"class":64},[46,134822,68],{"class":60},[46,134824,2764],{"class":64},[20,134826,134827,134828,507],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[501,134829,13,134830,506],{"href":42340},[15,134831,47846],{},[283,134833,134835,134837],{"id":134834},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134836,1326],{}," values do not work directly",[37,134839,134841],{"className":39,"code":134840,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134842,134843,134871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134844,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855,134857,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134846,4004],{"class":52},[46,134848,57],{"class":56},[46,134850,61],{"class":60},[46,134852,427],{"class":426},[46,134854,756],{"class":430},[46,134856,427],{"class":426},[46,134858,68],{"class":60},[46,134860,4034],{"class":1325},[46,134862,68],{"class":60},[46,134864,438],{"class":426},[46,134866,450],{"class":430},[46,134868,427],{"class":426},[46,134870,84],{"class":60},[46,134872,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134874,91],{"class":90},[46,134876,94],{"class":60},[46,134878,427],{"class":426},[46,134880,2374],{"class":430},[46,134882,427],{"class":426},[46,134884,507],{"class":60},[46,134886,133472],{"class":102},[46,134888,94],{"class":60},[46,134890,5530],{"class":102},[46,134892,106],{"class":60},[20,134894,134895,134896,507],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134897,1638],{},[20,134899,134900],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[37,134902,134904],{"className":39,"code":134903,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134905,134906,134934,134964,134968],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134907,134908,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930,134932],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134909,4004],{"class":52},[46,134911,57],{"class":56},[46,134913,61],{"class":60},[46,134915,427],{"class":426},[46,134917,756],{"class":430},[46,134919,427],{"class":426},[46,134921,68],{"class":60},[46,134923,4034],{"class":1325},[46,134925,68],{"class":60},[46,134927,438],{"class":426},[46,134929,450],{"class":430},[46,134931,427],{"class":426},[46,134933,84],{"class":60},[46,134935,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,134937,2416],{"class":52},[46,134939,57],{"class":56},[46,134941,438],{"class":426},[46,134943,2374],{"class":430},[46,134945,427],{"class":426},[46,134947,507],{"class":60},[46,134949,133472],{"class":102},[46,134951,94],{"class":60},[46,134953,40025],{"class":90},[46,134955,94],{"class":60},[46,134957,1769],{"class":1270},[46,134959,68],{"class":60},[46,134961,4064],{"class":102},[46,134963,106],{"class":60},[46,134965,134966],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,134967,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,134969,134970,134972,134974,134976],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,134971,91],{"class":90},[46,134973,94],{"class":60},[46,134975,2451],{"class":102},[46,134977,215],{"class":60},[20,134979,143],{},[37,134981,134983],{"className":39,"code":134982,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134984,134985],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,134986,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,134988,756],{"class":52},[46,134990,68],{"class":60},[46,134992,4034],{"class":1325},[46,134994,68],{"class":60},[46,134996,134997],{"class":52}," banana\n",[20,134999,135000,135001,135003],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135002,1326],{}," values instead of converting them.",[283,135005,135007,135009],{"id":135006},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135008,133395],{}," also works with tuples",[37,135011,135013],{"className":39,"code":135012,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135014,135015,135047],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135016,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135018,5169],{"class":52},[46,135020,57],{"class":56},[46,135022,9406],{"class":60},[46,135024,427],{"class":426},[46,135026,7849],{"class":430},[46,135028,427],{"class":426},[46,135030,68],{"class":60},[46,135032,438],{"class":426},[46,135034,131401],{"class":430},[46,135036,427],{"class":426},[46,135038,68],{"class":60},[46,135040,438],{"class":426},[46,135042,8092],{"class":430},[46,135044,427],{"class":426},[46,135046,215],{"class":60},[46,135048,135049,135051,135053,135055,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135050,91],{"class":90},[46,135052,94],{"class":60},[46,135054,427],{"class":426},[46,135056,135057],{"class":430}," \u002F ",[46,135059,427],{"class":426},[46,135061,507],{"class":60},[46,135063,133472],{"class":102},[46,135065,94],{"class":60},[46,135067,5213],{"class":102},[46,135069,106],{"class":60},[20,135071,143],{},[37,135073,135075],{"className":39,"code":135074,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135076,135077],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135078,135079,135082,135084,135087,135089],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135080,135081],{"class":52},"Sam ",[46,135083,127205],{"class":56},[46,135085,135086],{"class":52}," Lee ",[46,135088,127205],{"class":56},[46,135090,22501],{"class":52},[32,135092,135094,135095],{"id":135093},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135096,133395],{},[20,135098,135099],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[283,135101,135103,135104,135106],{"id":135102},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135105,1638],{}," because not all items are strings",[37,135108,135110],{"className":39,"code":135109,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135111,135112,135140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135113,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135115,1398],{"class":52},[46,135117,57],{"class":56},[46,135119,61],{"class":60},[46,135121,427],{"class":426},[46,135123,501],{"class":430},[46,135125,427],{"class":426},[46,135127,68],{"class":60},[46,135129,71],{"class":64},[46,135131,68],{"class":60},[46,135133,438],{"class":426},[46,135135,9908],{"class":430},[46,135137,427],{"class":426},[46,135139,84],{"class":60},[46,135141,135142,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135143,91],{"class":90},[46,135145,94],{"class":60},[46,135147,427],{"class":426},[46,135149,438],{"class":426},[46,135151,507],{"class":60},[46,135153,133472],{"class":102},[46,135155,94],{"class":60},[46,135157,1415],{"class":102},[46,135159,106],{"class":60},[20,135161,48673,135162,135164],{},[15,135163,2243],{}," is an integer.",[20,135166,39427],{},[37,135168,135170],{"className":39,"code":135169,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135171,135172,135200],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135173,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135175,1398],{"class":52},[46,135177,57],{"class":56},[46,135179,61],{"class":60},[46,135181,427],{"class":426},[46,135183,501],{"class":430},[46,135185,427],{"class":426},[46,135187,68],{"class":60},[46,135189,71],{"class":64},[46,135191,68],{"class":60},[46,135193,438],{"class":426},[46,135195,9908],{"class":430},[46,135197,427],{"class":426},[46,135199,84],{"class":60},[46,135201,135202,135204,135206,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135203,91],{"class":90},[46,135205,94],{"class":60},[46,135207,427],{"class":426},[46,135209,438],{"class":426},[46,135211,507],{"class":60},[46,135213,133472],{"class":102},[46,135215,94],{"class":60},[46,135217,40025],{"class":90},[46,135219,94],{"class":60},[46,135221,1769],{"class":1270},[46,135223,68],{"class":60},[46,135225,6137],{"class":102},[46,135227,3099],{"class":60},[20,135229,135230,135231,507],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[501,135232,25847,135234],{"href":135233},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135235,135236],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[283,135238,135240,135241,135243],{"id":135239},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135242,133395],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135245,4700],{},[37,135247,135249],{"className":39,"code":135248,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135250,135251,135283],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135252,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269,135271,135273,135275,135277,135279,135281],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135254,419],{"class":52},[46,135256,57],{"class":56},[46,135258,61],{"class":60},[46,135260,427],{"class":426},[46,135262,7470],{"class":430},[46,135264,427],{"class":426},[46,135266,68],{"class":60},[46,135268,438],{"class":426},[46,135270,1283],{"class":430},[46,135272,427],{"class":426},[46,135274,68],{"class":60},[46,135276,438],{"class":426},[46,135278,133453],{"class":430},[46,135280,427],{"class":426},[46,135282,84],{"class":60},[46,135284,135285,135287,135289,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135286,2416],{"class":52},[46,135288,57],{"class":56},[46,135290,6340],{"class":52},[46,135292,507],{"class":60},[46,135294,133472],{"class":102},[46,135296,94],{"class":60},[46,135298,427],{"class":426},[46,135300,438],{"class":426},[46,135302,215],{"class":60},[20,135304,135305,135307],{},[15,135306,133395],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135309,10975],{},[37,135311,135313],{"className":39,"code":135312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135314,135315,135347,135367,135371],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135316,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135318,419],{"class":52},[46,135320,57],{"class":56},[46,135322,61],{"class":60},[46,135324,427],{"class":426},[46,135326,7470],{"class":430},[46,135328,427],{"class":426},[46,135330,68],{"class":60},[46,135332,438],{"class":426},[46,135334,1283],{"class":430},[46,135336,427],{"class":426},[46,135338,68],{"class":60},[46,135340,438],{"class":426},[46,135342,133453],{"class":430},[46,135344,427],{"class":426},[46,135346,84],{"class":60},[46,135348,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135350,2416],{"class":52},[46,135352,57],{"class":56},[46,135354,438],{"class":426},[46,135356,438],{"class":426},[46,135358,507],{"class":60},[46,135360,133472],{"class":102},[46,135362,94],{"class":60},[46,135364,467],{"class":102},[46,135366,215],{"class":60},[46,135368,135369],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,135370,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,135372,135373,135375,135377,135379],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,135374,91],{"class":90},[46,135376,94],{"class":60},[46,135378,2451],{"class":102},[46,135380,215],{"class":60},[283,135382,135384],{"id":135383},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[37,135386,135388],{"className":39,"code":135387,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135389,135390,135422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135391,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135393,419],{"class":52},[46,135395,57],{"class":56},[46,135397,61],{"class":60},[46,135399,427],{"class":426},[46,135401,6757],{"class":430},[46,135403,427],{"class":426},[46,135405,68],{"class":60},[46,135407,438],{"class":426},[46,135409,79422],{"class":430},[46,135411,427],{"class":426},[46,135413,68],{"class":60},[46,135415,438],{"class":426},[46,135417,134199],{"class":430},[46,135419,427],{"class":426},[46,135421,84],{"class":60},[46,135423,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135425,91],{"class":90},[46,135427,94],{"class":60},[46,135429,6444],{"class":426},[46,135431,507],{"class":60},[46,135433,133472],{"class":102},[46,135435,94],{"class":60},[46,135437,467],{"class":102},[46,135439,106],{"class":60},[20,135441,143],{},[37,135443,135445],{"className":39,"code":135444,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"onetwothree\n",[15,135446,135447],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135448,135449],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135450,135444],{"class":52},[20,135452,135453,135454,6803],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135455,133540],{},[283,135457,135459,135460,131663],{"id":135458},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135461,133395],{},[37,135463,135465],{"className":39,"code":135464,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135466,135467,135499,135517,135521],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135468,135469,135471,135473,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491,135493,135495,135497],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135470,419],{"class":52},[46,135472,57],{"class":56},[46,135474,61],{"class":60},[46,135476,427],{"class":426},[46,135478,501],{"class":430},[46,135480,427],{"class":426},[46,135482,68],{"class":60},[46,135484,438],{"class":426},[46,135486,4935],{"class":430},[46,135488,427],{"class":426},[46,135490,68],{"class":60},[46,135492,438],{"class":426},[46,135494,9908],{"class":430},[46,135496,427],{"class":426},[46,135498,84],{"class":60},[46,135500,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135502,427],{"class":43492},[46,135504,2208],{"class":43496},[46,135506,427],{"class":43492},[46,135508,507],{"class":60},[46,135510,133472],{"class":102},[46,135512,94],{"class":60},[46,135514,467],{"class":102},[46,135516,215],{"class":60},[46,135518,135519],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,135520,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,135522,135523,135525,135527,135529],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,135524,91],{"class":90},[46,135526,94],{"class":60},[46,135528,467],{"class":102},[46,135530,215],{"class":60},[20,135532,143],{},[37,135534,135535],{"className":39,"code":43039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,135536,135537],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135538,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551,135553,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135540,1152],{"class":60},[46,135542,1188],{"class":426},[46,135544,501],{"class":430},[46,135546,1188],{"class":426},[46,135548,68],{"class":60},[46,135550,1197],{"class":426},[46,135552,4935],{"class":430},[46,135554,1188],{"class":426},[46,135556,68],{"class":60},[46,135558,1197],{"class":426},[46,135560,9908],{"class":430},[46,135562,1188],{"class":426},[46,135564,84],{"class":60},[20,135566,135567,135568,135570],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135569,133395],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[32,135572,135574,135576,135577],{"id":135573},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135575,133395],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135578,2246],{},[20,135580,10760,135581,2051,135583,135585],{},[15,135582,133395],{},[15,135584,2246],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[283,135587,160,135589,135591],{"id":135588},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135590,2246],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[37,135593,135595],{"className":39,"code":135594,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135596,135597,135610,135623,135643,135647],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135598,135599,135602,135604,135606,135608],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135600,135601],{"class":52},"first ",[46,135603,57],{"class":56},[46,135605,438],{"class":426},[46,135607,35036],{"class":430},[46,135609,3544],{"class":426},[46,135611,135612,135615,135617,135619,135621],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135613,135614],{"class":52},"second ",[46,135616,57],{"class":56},[46,135618,438],{"class":426},[46,135620,89698],{"class":430},[46,135622,3544],{"class":426},[46,135624,135625,135627,135629,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,135626,2416],{"class":52},[46,135628,57],{"class":56},[46,135630,135631],{"class":52}," first ",[46,135633,2246],{"class":56},[46,135635,438],{"class":426},[46,135637,438],{"class":426},[46,135639,2640],{"class":56},[46,135641,135642],{"class":52}," second\n",[46,135644,135645],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,135646,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,135648,135649,135651,135653,135655],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,135650,91],{"class":90},[46,135652,94],{"class":60},[46,135654,2451],{"class":102},[46,135656,215],{"class":60},[20,135658,143],{},[37,135660,135662],{"className":39,"code":135661,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Hello World\n",[15,135663,135664],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135665,135666],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135667,135661],{"class":52},[283,135669,160,135671,135673],{"id":135670},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135672,133395],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[37,135675,135677],{"className":39,"code":135676,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135678,135679,135721,135741,135745],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135680,135681,135683,135685,135687,135689,135691,135693,135695,135697,135700,135702,135704,135706,135709,135711,135713,135715,135717,135719],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135682,419],{"class":52},[46,135684,57],{"class":56},[46,135686,61],{"class":60},[46,135688,427],{"class":426},[46,135690,7470],{"class":430},[46,135692,427],{"class":426},[46,135694,68],{"class":60},[46,135696,438],{"class":426},[46,135698,135699],{"class":430},"makes",[46,135701,427],{"class":426},[46,135703,68],{"class":60},[46,135705,438],{"class":426},[46,135707,135708],{"class":430},"this",[46,135710,427],{"class":426},[46,135712,68],{"class":60},[46,135714,438],{"class":426},[46,135716,133894],{"class":430},[46,135718,427],{"class":426},[46,135720,84],{"class":60},[46,135722,135723,135725,135727,135729,135731,135733,135735,135737,135739],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135724,2416],{"class":52},[46,135726,57],{"class":56},[46,135728,438],{"class":426},[46,135730,438],{"class":426},[46,135732,507],{"class":60},[46,135734,133472],{"class":102},[46,135736,94],{"class":60},[46,135738,467],{"class":102},[46,135740,215],{"class":60},[46,135742,135743],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,135744,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,135746,135747,135749,135751,135753],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,135748,91],{"class":90},[46,135750,94],{"class":60},[46,135752,2451],{"class":102},[46,135754,215],{"class":60},[20,135756,143],{},[37,135758,135760],{"className":39,"code":135759,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135761,135762],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135763,135764],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135765,135759],{"class":52},[20,135767,135768,135770],{},[15,135769,133395],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[172,135772,135773,135776,135779],{},[175,135774,135775],{},"You already have a list of strings",[175,135777,135778],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[175,135780,135781,135782,135784],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135783,2246],{}," operators",[20,135786,135787,135788,507],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[501,135789,135791],{"href":135790},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[32,135793,135795],{"id":135794},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135797,9047,135798,135800],{},[15,135799,133395],{}," is not working, check these first:",[172,135802,135803,135806,135811,135820,135826],{},[175,135804,135805],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[175,135807,135808,135809],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135810,1326],{},[175,135812,135813,135814,11260,135817],{},"You may have written ",[15,135815,135816],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135818,135819],{},"string.join(...)",[175,135821,135822,135823,135825],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135824,133395],{}," to change the original iterable",[175,135827,135828],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135830,94338],{},[37,135832,135834],{"className":39,"code":135833,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135835,135836,135850,135860,135884,135924],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,135837,135838,135840,135842,135844,135846,135848],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,135839,91],{"class":90},[46,135841,94],{"class":60},[46,135843,1889],{"class":1270},[46,135845,94],{"class":60},[46,135847,1415],{"class":102},[46,135849,106],{"class":60},[46,135851,135852,135854,135856,135858],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,135853,91],{"class":90},[46,135855,94],{"class":60},[46,135857,1415],{"class":102},[46,135859,215],{"class":60},[46,135861,135862,135864,135866,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878,135880,135882],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,135863,91],{"class":90},[46,135865,3172],{"class":60},[46,135867,1889],{"class":1270},[46,135869,94],{"class":60},[46,135871,23478],{"class":102},[46,135873,1592],{"class":60},[46,135875,1596],{"class":1595},[46,135877,6132],{"class":102},[46,135879,1602],{"class":1595},[46,135881,6137],{"class":102},[46,135883,1161],{"class":60},[46,135885,135886,135888,135890,135892,135894,135896,135898,135900,135902,135904,135906,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135920,135922],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,135887,91],{"class":90},[46,135889,94],{"class":60},[46,135891,1188],{"class":426},[46,135893,1197],{"class":426},[46,135895,507],{"class":60},[46,135897,133472],{"class":102},[46,135899,3172],{"class":60},[46,135901,1188],{"class":426},[46,135903,501],{"class":430},[46,135905,1188],{"class":426},[46,135907,68],{"class":60},[46,135909,1197],{"class":426},[46,135911,4935],{"class":430},[46,135913,1188],{"class":426},[46,135915,68],{"class":60},[46,135917,1197],{"class":426},[46,135919,9908],{"class":430},[46,135921,1188],{"class":426},[46,135923,3186],{"class":60},[46,135925,135926,135928,135930,135932,135934,135936,135938,135940,135942,135944,135946,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135960,135962],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,135927,91],{"class":90},[46,135929,94],{"class":60},[46,135931,1188],{"class":426},[46,135933,2374],{"class":430},[46,135935,1188],{"class":426},[46,135937,507],{"class":60},[46,135939,133472],{"class":102},[46,135941,94],{"class":60},[46,135943,40025],{"class":90},[46,135945,94],{"class":60},[46,135947,1769],{"class":1270},[46,135949,68],{"class":60},[46,135951,61],{"class":60},[46,135953,3175],{"class":64},[46,135955,68],{"class":60},[46,135957,71],{"class":64},[46,135959,68],{"class":60},[46,135961,312],{"class":64},[46,135963,37433],{"class":60},[20,135965,135966],{},"What these checks do:",[172,135968,135969,135977,135983,135989,135998],{},[175,135970,135971,135974,135975,8268],{},[15,135972,135973],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135976,1415],{},[175,135978,135979,135982],{},[15,135980,135981],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[175,135984,135985,135988],{},[15,135986,135987],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[175,135990,135991,135994,135995,135997],{},[15,135992,135993],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135996,133395],{}," behavior",[175,135999,136000,136003],{},[15,136001,136002],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[32,136005,1991],{"id":1990},[283,136007,12872,136009,136011],{"id":136008},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136010,133395],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136013,136014,136015,136017,136018,507],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136016,133395],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136019,136020],{},"map(str, values)",[283,136022,12872,136024,57325],{"id":136023},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136025,133395],{},[20,136027,136028],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[283,136030,28496,136032,62795],{"id":136031},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136033,133395],{},[20,136035,42317,136036,136038],{},[15,136037,133395],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[283,136040,1995,136042,40126],{"id":136041},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136043,136044],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136046,136047],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[283,136049,136051,136052,136054,136055,2035],{"id":136050},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136053,1638],{}," when using ",[15,136056,133395],{},[20,136058,136059],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[32,136061,2065],{"id":2064},[172,136063,136064,136069,136075,136081,136087],{},[175,136065,136066],{},[501,136067,136068],{"href":135790},"How to join strings in Python",[175,136070,136071],{},[501,136072,126313,136073,10910],{"href":129000},[15,136074,60691],{},[175,136076,136077],{},[501,136078,13,136079,506],{"href":42340},[15,136080,47846],{},[175,136082,136083],{},[501,136084,30515,136085],{"href":135233},[15,136086,135236],{},[175,136088,136089],{},[501,136090,125068],{"href":51139},[20,136092,97308,136093,136095],{},[15,136094,133395],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2103,136097,136098],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":136100},[136101,136102,136104,136107,136114,136124,136132,136142,136149,136150,136162],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":133512,"depth":87,"text":136103},"What join() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":136105},[136106],{"id":49172,"depth":109,"text":49173},{"id":121843,"depth":87,"text":121844,"children":136108},[136109,136110,136111,136112],{"id":133859,"depth":109,"text":133860},{"id":133951,"depth":109,"text":133952},{"id":134052,"depth":109,"text":134053},{"id":134161,"depth":109,"text":136113},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134264,"depth":87,"text":134265,"children":136115},[136116,136118,136120,136122],{"id":134271,"depth":109,"text":136117},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134338,"depth":109,"text":136119},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134427,"depth":109,"text":136121},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134513,"depth":109,"text":136123},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134588,"depth":87,"text":134589,"children":136125},[136126,136127,136128,136130],{"id":134597,"depth":109,"text":134598},{"id":134680,"depth":109,"text":134681},{"id":134834,"depth":109,"text":136129},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135006,"depth":109,"text":136131},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135093,"depth":87,"text":136133,"children":136134},"Common errors with join()",[136135,136137,136139,136140],{"id":135102,"depth":109,"text":136136},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135239,"depth":109,"text":136138},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135383,"depth":109,"text":135384},{"id":135458,"depth":109,"text":136141},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135573,"depth":87,"text":136143,"children":136144},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136145,136147],{"id":135588,"depth":109,"text":136146},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135670,"depth":109,"text":136148},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135794,"depth":87,"text":135795},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":136151},[136152,136154,136156,136158,136160],{"id":136008,"depth":109,"text":136153},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136023,"depth":109,"text":136155},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136031,"depth":109,"text":136157},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136041,"depth":109,"text":136159},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136050,"depth":109,"text":136161},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133387,"description":136163},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136170,"title":136171,"body":136172,"description":137740,"extension":2150,"meta":137741,"navigation":112,"path":137742,"seo":137743,"stem":137744,"__hash__":137745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136173,"toc":137707},[136174,136179,136184,136186,136200,136245,136252,136257,136262,136264,136280,136289,136291,136293,136308,136310,136320,136322,136384,136386,136389,136450,136452,136468,136470,136483,136486,136533,136535,136541,136544,136547,136607,136615,136701,136705,136710,136712,136726,136729,136814,136817,136875,136886,136941,136943,136950,136956,136962,137006,137009,137056,137058,137060,137067,137069,137100,137103,137105,137136,137140,137143,137145,137185,137187,137230,137236,137241,137243,137270,137275,137278,137327,137331,137334,137409,137420,137423,137480,137487,137493,137501,137506,137513,137520,137538,137540,137594,137602,137604,137609,137612,137618,137624,137629,137632,137638,137644,137651,137659,137661,137704],[10,136175,123313,136177,11490],{"id":136176},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136178,124043],{},[20,136180,123318,136181,136183],{},[15,136182,124043],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136185,24255],{},[172,136187,136188,136191,136194,136197],{},[175,136189,136190],{},"convert text to lowercase",[175,136192,136193],{},"compare text without case differences",[175,136195,136196],{},"clean up user input",[175,136198,136199],{},"make simple text matching easier",[37,136201,136203],{"className":39,"code":136202,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136204,136205,136218,136232],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136206,136207,136209,136211,136213,136216],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136208,34856],{"class":52},[46,136210,57],{"class":56},[46,136212,438],{"class":426},[46,136214,136215],{"class":430},"Hello WORLD",[46,136217,3544],{"class":426},[46,136219,136220,136222,136224,136226,136228,136230],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136221,2416],{"class":52},[46,136223,57],{"class":56},[46,136225,43005],{"class":52},[46,136227,507],{"class":60},[46,136229,1775],{"class":102},[46,136231,8814],{"class":60},[46,136233,136234,136236,136238,136240,136242],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136235,91],{"class":90},[46,136237,94],{"class":60},[46,136239,2451],{"class":102},[46,136241,1592],{"class":60},[46,136243,136244],{"class":3845},"  # hello world\n",[20,136246,136247,88921,136249,136251],{},[3924,136248,83963],{},[15,136250,124043],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[32,136253,167,136255,170],{"id":136254},"what-lower-does",[15,136256,124043],{},[20,136258,136259,136261],{},[15,136260,124043],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136263,13219],{},[172,136265,136266,136271,136274,136277],{},[175,136267,136268,136270],{},[15,136269,124043],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[175,136272,136273],{},"It works on string objects",[175,136275,136276],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[175,136278,136279],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136281,125065,136282,136286,136287,507],{},[501,136283,136285],{"href":136284},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[501,136288,51140],{"href":51139},[32,136290,2343],{"id":2342},[20,136292,2346],{},[37,136294,136296],{"className":39,"code":136295,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.lower()\n",[15,136297,136298],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136299,136300,136302,136304,136306],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136301,61334],{"class":52},[46,136303,507],{"class":60},[46,136305,1775],{"class":102},[46,136307,8814],{"class":60},[20,136309,43814],{},[172,136311,136312,136314,136317],{},[175,136313,97486],{},[175,136315,136316],{},"You call it directly on a string",[175,136318,136319],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136321,2393],{},[37,136323,136325],{"className":39,"code":136324,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136326,136327,136350,136354,136367],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136328,136329,136331,136333,136335,136338,136340,136342,136344,136347],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136330,91],{"class":90},[46,136332,94],{"class":60},[46,136334,427],{"class":426},[46,136336,136337],{"class":430},"HELLO",[46,136339,427],{"class":426},[46,136341,507],{"class":60},[46,136343,1775],{"class":102},[46,136345,136346],{"class":60},"())",[46,136348,136349],{"class":3845},"  # hello\n",[46,136351,136352],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136353,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136355,136356,136358,136360,136362,136365],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136357,8047],{"class":52},[46,136359,57],{"class":56},[46,136361,438],{"class":426},[46,136363,136364],{"class":430},"PyThOn",[46,136366,3544],{"class":426},[46,136368,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377,136379,136381],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136370,91],{"class":90},[46,136372,94],{"class":60},[46,136374,1009],{"class":102},[46,136376,507],{"class":60},[46,136378,1775],{"class":102},[46,136380,136346],{"class":60},[46,136382,136383],{"class":3845},"  # python\n",[32,136385,11643],{"id":11642},[20,136387,136388],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[37,136390,136392],{"className":39,"code":136391,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136393,136394,136406,136410,136425,136429,136440],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136395,136396,136398,136400,136402,136404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136397,34856],{"class":52},[46,136399,57],{"class":56},[46,136401,438],{"class":426},[46,136403,136215],{"class":430},[46,136405,3544],{"class":426},[46,136407,136408],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136409,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136411,136412,136415,136417,136419,136421,136423],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136413,136414],{"class":52},"lower_text ",[46,136416,57],{"class":56},[46,136418,43005],{"class":52},[46,136420,507],{"class":60},[46,136422,1775],{"class":102},[46,136424,8814],{"class":60},[46,136426,136427],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136428,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136430,136431,136433,136435,136438],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,136432,91],{"class":90},[46,136434,94],{"class":60},[46,136436,136437],{"class":102},"lower_text",[46,136439,215],{"class":60},[46,136441,136442,136444,136446,136448],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,136443,91],{"class":90},[46,136445,94],{"class":60},[46,136447,34877],{"class":102},[46,136449,215],{"class":60},[20,136451,143],{},[37,136453,136455],{"className":39,"code":136454,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136456,136457,136461],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136458,136459],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136460,134329],{"class":52},[46,136462,136463,136465],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136464,131729],{"class":52},[46,136466,136467],{"class":34622},"WORLD\n",[20,136469,24775],{},[172,136471,136472,136477],{},[175,136473,136474,136476],{},[15,136475,124043],{}," returns the lowercase result",[175,136478,136479,136480,136482],{},"the original ",[15,136481,34877],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136484,136485],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[37,136487,136489],{"className":39,"code":136488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136490,136491,136503,136517,136521],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136492,136493,136495,136497,136499,136501],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136494,34856],{"class":52},[46,136496,57],{"class":56},[46,136498,438],{"class":426},[46,136500,136215],{"class":430},[46,136502,3544],{"class":426},[46,136504,136505,136507,136509,136511,136513,136515],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136506,34856],{"class":52},[46,136508,57],{"class":56},[46,136510,43005],{"class":52},[46,136512,507],{"class":60},[46,136514,1775],{"class":102},[46,136516,8814],{"class":60},[46,136518,136519],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136520,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136522,136523,136525,136527,136529,136531],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136524,91],{"class":90},[46,136526,94],{"class":60},[46,136528,34877],{"class":102},[46,136530,1592],{"class":60},[46,136532,136244],{"class":3845},[32,136534,17585],{"id":17584},[20,136536,136537,22142,136539,507],{},[15,136538,124043],{},[3924,136540,61334],{},[20,136542,136543],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136545,136546],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[37,136548,136550],{"className":39,"code":136549,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136551,136552,136566,136570,136593],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136553,136554,136557,136559,136561,136564],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136555,136556],{"class":52},"answer ",[46,136558,57],{"class":56},[46,136560,438],{"class":426},[46,136562,136563],{"class":430},"YES",[46,136565,3544],{"class":426},[46,136567,136568],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136569,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136571,136572,136574,136577,136579,136581,136583,136585,136587,136589,136591],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136573,7170],{"class":1595},[46,136575,136576],{"class":52}," answer",[46,136578,507],{"class":60},[46,136580,1775],{"class":102},[46,136582,1277],{"class":60},[46,136584,6581],{"class":56},[46,136586,438],{"class":426},[46,136588,8829],{"class":430},[46,136590,427],{"class":426},[46,136592,6566],{"class":60},[46,136594,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603,136605],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136596,8240],{"class":90},[46,136598,94],{"class":60},[46,136600,427],{"class":426},[46,136602,96795],{"class":430},[46,136604,427],{"class":426},[46,136606,215],{"class":60},[20,136608,136609,136610,198],{},"This is especially useful with ",[501,136611,136612,136613,2490],{"href":8391},"the ",[15,136614,3144],{},[37,136616,136618],{"className":39,"code":136617,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136619,136620,136639,136643,136665,136680,136686],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136621,136622,136624,136626,136628,136630,136632,136635,136637],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136623,136556],{"class":52},[46,136625,57],{"class":56},[46,136627,8414],{"class":90},[46,136629,94],{"class":60},[46,136631,427],{"class":426},[46,136633,136634],{"class":430},"Type yes or no: ",[46,136636,427],{"class":426},[46,136638,215],{"class":60},[46,136640,136641],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136642,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136644,136645,136647,136649,136651,136653,136655,136657,136659,136661,136663],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136646,7170],{"class":1595},[46,136648,136576],{"class":52},[46,136650,507],{"class":60},[46,136652,1775],{"class":102},[46,136654,1277],{"class":60},[46,136656,6581],{"class":56},[46,136658,438],{"class":426},[46,136660,8829],{"class":430},[46,136662,427],{"class":426},[46,136664,6566],{"class":60},[46,136666,136667,136669,136671,136673,136676,136678],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136668,8240],{"class":90},[46,136670,94],{"class":60},[46,136672,427],{"class":426},[46,136674,136675],{"class":430},"You typed yes",[46,136677,427],{"class":426},[46,136679,215],{"class":60},[46,136681,136682,136684],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,136683,27601],{"class":1595},[46,136685,6566],{"class":60},[46,136687,136688,136690,136692,136694,136697,136699],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,136689,8240],{"class":90},[46,136691,94],{"class":60},[46,136693,427],{"class":426},[46,136695,136696],{"class":430},"You typed something else",[46,136698,427],{"class":426},[46,136700,215],{"class":60},[32,136702,136704],{"id":136703},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136706,136707,136709],{},[15,136708,124043],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136711,7516],{},[172,136713,136714,136717,136720,136723],{},[175,136715,136716],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[175,136718,136719],{},"Make text matching easier",[175,136721,136722],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[175,136724,136725],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136727,136728],{},"Example: checking user input",[37,136730,136732],{"className":39,"code":136731,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136733,136734,136752,136756,136778,136793,136799],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136735,136736,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136737,45123],{"class":52},[46,136739,57],{"class":56},[46,136741,8414],{"class":90},[46,136743,94],{"class":60},[46,136745,427],{"class":426},[46,136747,45134],{"class":430},[46,136749,427],{"class":426},[46,136751,215],{"class":60},[46,136753,136754],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136755,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136757,136758,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768,136770,136772,136774,136776],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136759,7170],{"class":1595},[46,136761,36021],{"class":52},[46,136763,507],{"class":60},[46,136765,1775],{"class":102},[46,136767,1277],{"class":60},[46,136769,6581],{"class":56},[46,136771,438],{"class":426},[46,136773,13277],{"class":430},[46,136775,427],{"class":426},[46,136777,6566],{"class":60},[46,136779,136780,136782,136784,136786,136789,136791],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136781,8240],{"class":90},[46,136783,94],{"class":60},[46,136785,427],{"class":426},[46,136787,136788],{"class":430},"Nice choice!",[46,136790,427],{"class":426},[46,136792,215],{"class":60},[46,136794,136795,136797],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,136796,27601],{"class":1595},[46,136798,6566],{"class":60},[46,136800,136801,136803,136805,136807,136810,136812],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,136802,8240],{"class":90},[46,136804,94],{"class":60},[46,136806,427],{"class":426},[46,136808,136809],{"class":430},"Got it.",[46,136811,427],{"class":426},[46,136813,215],{"class":60},[20,136815,136816],{},"Example: simple search",[37,136818,136820],{"className":39,"code":136819,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136821,136822,136835,136839,136860],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136823,136824,136826,136828,136830,136833],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136825,89965],{"class":52},[46,136827,57],{"class":56},[46,136829,438],{"class":426},[46,136831,136832],{"class":430},"Python Is Fun",[46,136834,3544],{"class":426},[46,136836,136837],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136838,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136840,136841,136843,136845,136847,136849,136851,136854,136856,136858],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136842,7170],{"class":1595},[46,136844,438],{"class":426},[46,136846,41],{"class":430},[46,136848,427],{"class":426},[46,136850,21341],{"class":56},[46,136852,136853],{"class":52}," message",[46,136855,507],{"class":60},[46,136857,1775],{"class":102},[46,136859,21762],{"class":60},[46,136861,136862,136864,136866,136868,136871,136873],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136863,8240],{"class":90},[46,136865,94],{"class":60},[46,136867,427],{"class":426},[46,136869,136870],{"class":430},"Found it",[46,136872,427],{"class":426},[46,136874,215],{"class":60},[20,136876,136877,136878,136880,136881,198],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136879,124043],{}," is often used with ",[501,136882,136884],{"href":136883},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136885,41818],{},[37,136887,136889],{"className":39,"code":136888,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136890,136891,136904,136923,136927],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136892,136893,136895,136897,136899,136902],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136894,8047],{"class":52},[46,136896,57],{"class":56},[46,136898,438],{"class":426},[46,136900,136901],{"class":430},"  ALICE  ",[46,136903,3544],{"class":426},[46,136905,136906,136909,136911,136913,136915,136917,136919,136921],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136907,136908],{"class":52},"clean_name ",[46,136910,57],{"class":56},[46,136912,36160],{"class":52},[46,136914,507],{"class":60},[46,136916,8806],{"class":102},[46,136918,8809],{"class":60},[46,136920,1775],{"class":102},[46,136922,8814],{"class":60},[46,136924,136925],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136926,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136928,136929,136931,136933,136936,136938],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136930,91],{"class":90},[46,136932,94],{"class":60},[46,136934,136935],{"class":102},"clean_name",[46,136937,1592],{"class":60},[46,136939,136940],{"class":3845},"  # alice\n",[32,136942,15763],{"id":15762},[20,136944,136945,136946,136949],{},"Strings are ",[3924,136947,136948],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136951,136952,136953,136955],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136954,124043],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136957,136958,136959,136961],{},"So this does ",[3924,136960,4805],{}," update the original variable:",[37,136963,136965],{"className":39,"code":136964,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136966,136967,136979,136989,136993],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,136968,136969,136971,136973,136975,136977],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,136970,34856],{"class":52},[46,136972,57],{"class":56},[46,136974,438],{"class":426},[46,136976,136337],{"class":430},[46,136978,3544],{"class":426},[46,136980,136981,136983,136985,136987],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,136982,34877],{"class":52},[46,136984,507],{"class":60},[46,136986,1775],{"class":102},[46,136988,8814],{"class":60},[46,136990,136991],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,136992,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,136994,136995,136997,136999,137001,137003],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,136996,91],{"class":90},[46,136998,94],{"class":60},[46,137000,34877],{"class":102},[46,137002,1592],{"class":60},[46,137004,137005],{"class":3845},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137007,137008],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[37,137010,137012],{"className":39,"code":137011,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137013,137014,137026,137040,137044],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137015,137016,137018,137020,137022,137024],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137017,34856],{"class":52},[46,137019,57],{"class":56},[46,137021,438],{"class":426},[46,137023,136337],{"class":430},[46,137025,3544],{"class":426},[46,137027,137028,137030,137032,137034,137036,137038],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137029,34856],{"class":52},[46,137031,57],{"class":56},[46,137033,43005],{"class":52},[46,137035,507],{"class":60},[46,137037,1775],{"class":102},[46,137039,8814],{"class":60},[46,137041,137042],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137043,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,137045,137046,137048,137050,137052,137054],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,137047,91],{"class":90},[46,137049,94],{"class":60},[46,137051,34877],{"class":102},[46,137053,1592],{"class":60},[46,137055,136349],{"class":3845},[32,137057,1834],{"id":1833},[283,137059,25855],{"id":25854},[20,137061,137062,137063,11260,137065,507],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137064,1775],{},[15,137066,124043],{},[20,137068,16809],{},[37,137070,137072],{"className":39,"code":137071,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137073,137074,137086],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137075,137076,137078,137080,137082,137084],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137077,34856],{"class":52},[46,137079,57],{"class":56},[46,137081,438],{"class":426},[46,137083,136337],{"class":430},[46,137085,3544],{"class":426},[46,137087,137088,137090,137092,137094,137096,137098],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137089,91],{"class":90},[46,137091,94],{"class":60},[46,137093,34877],{"class":102},[46,137095,507],{"class":60},[46,137097,1775],{"class":1774},[46,137099,215],{"class":60},[20,137101,137102],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137104,16821],{},[37,137106,137108],{"className":39,"code":137107,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137109,137110,137122],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137111,137112,137114,137116,137118,137120],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137113,34856],{"class":52},[46,137115,57],{"class":56},[46,137117,438],{"class":426},[46,137119,136337],{"class":430},[46,137121,3544],{"class":426},[46,137123,137124,137126,137128,137130,137132,137134],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137125,91],{"class":90},[46,137127,94],{"class":60},[46,137129,34877],{"class":102},[46,137131,507],{"class":60},[46,137133,1775],{"class":102},[46,137135,7367],{"class":60},[283,137137,137139],{"id":137138},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137141,137142],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137144,16809],{},[37,137146,137148],{"className":39,"code":137147,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137149,137150,137162,137172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137151,137152,137154,137156,137158,137160],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137153,34856],{"class":52},[46,137155,57],{"class":56},[46,137157,438],{"class":426},[46,137159,136337],{"class":430},[46,137161,3544],{"class":426},[46,137163,137164,137166,137168,137170],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137165,34877],{"class":52},[46,137167,507],{"class":60},[46,137169,1775],{"class":102},[46,137171,8814],{"class":60},[46,137173,137174,137176,137178,137180,137182],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137175,91],{"class":90},[46,137177,94],{"class":60},[46,137179,34877],{"class":102},[46,137181,1592],{"class":60},[46,137183,137184],{"class":3845},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137186,16821],{},[37,137188,137190],{"className":39,"code":137189,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137191,137192,137204,137218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137193,137194,137196,137198,137200,137202],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137195,34856],{"class":52},[46,137197,57],{"class":56},[46,137199,438],{"class":426},[46,137201,136337],{"class":430},[46,137203,3544],{"class":426},[46,137205,137206,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137207,34856],{"class":52},[46,137209,57],{"class":56},[46,137211,43005],{"class":52},[46,137213,507],{"class":60},[46,137215,1775],{"class":102},[46,137217,8814],{"class":60},[46,137219,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137221,91],{"class":90},[46,137223,94],{"class":60},[46,137225,34877],{"class":102},[46,137227,1592],{"class":60},[46,137229,136349],{"class":3845},[283,137231,578,137233,137235],{"id":137232},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137234,124043],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137237,137238,137240],{},[15,137239,124043],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137242,16809],{},[37,137244,137246],{"className":39,"code":137245,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137247,137248,137256],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137249,137250,137252,137254],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137251,2403],{"class":52},[46,137253,57],{"class":56},[46,137255,124995],{"class":64},[46,137257,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266,137268],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137259,91],{"class":90},[46,137261,94],{"class":60},[46,137263,2426],{"class":102},[46,137265,507],{"class":60},[46,137267,1775],{"class":102},[46,137269,7367],{"class":60},[20,137271,137272,137273,33769],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137274,124043],{},[20,137276,137277],{},"You can check the type first:",[37,137279,137281],{"className":39,"code":137280,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137282,137283,137295,137299,137313],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137284,137285,137287,137289,137291,137293],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137286,34856],{"class":52},[46,137288,57],{"class":56},[46,137290,438],{"class":426},[46,137292,136337],{"class":430},[46,137294,3544],{"class":426},[46,137296,137297],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137298,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,137300,137301,137303,137305,137307,137309,137311],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137302,91],{"class":90},[46,137304,94],{"class":60},[46,137306,1889],{"class":1270},[46,137308,94],{"class":60},[46,137310,34877],{"class":102},[46,137312,106],{"class":60},[46,137314,137315,137317,137319,137321,137323,137325],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,137316,91],{"class":90},[46,137318,94],{"class":60},[46,137320,34877],{"class":102},[46,137322,507],{"class":60},[46,137324,1775],{"class":102},[46,137326,7367],{"class":60},[283,137328,137330],{"id":137329},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137332,137333],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[37,137335,137337],{"className":39,"code":137336,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137338,137339,137352,137356,137373,137388,137394],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137340,137341,137343,137345,137347,137350],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137342,136556],{"class":52},[46,137344,57],{"class":56},[46,137346,438],{"class":426},[46,137348,137349],{"class":430},"Yes",[46,137351,3544],{"class":426},[46,137353,137354],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137355,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,137357,137358,137360,137363,137365,137367,137369,137371],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137359,7170],{"class":1595},[46,137361,137362],{"class":52}," answer ",[46,137364,4863],{"class":56},[46,137366,438],{"class":426},[46,137368,8829],{"class":430},[46,137370,427],{"class":426},[46,137372,6566],{"class":60},[46,137374,137375,137377,137379,137381,137384,137386],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,137376,8240],{"class":90},[46,137378,94],{"class":60},[46,137380,427],{"class":426},[46,137382,137383],{"class":430},"Match",[46,137385,427],{"class":426},[46,137387,215],{"class":60},[46,137389,137390,137392],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,137391,27601],{"class":1595},[46,137393,6566],{"class":60},[46,137395,137396,137398,137400,137402,137405,137407],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,137397,8240],{"class":90},[46,137399,94],{"class":60},[46,137401,427],{"class":426},[46,137403,137404],{"class":430},"No match",[46,137406,427],{"class":426},[46,137408,215],{"class":60},[20,137410,29228,137411,2051,137414,137417,137418,507],{},[15,137412,137413],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137415,137416],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137419,137404],{},[20,137421,137422],{},"Better:",[37,137424,137426],{"className":39,"code":137425,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137427,137428,137440,137444,137466],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137429,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137431,136556],{"class":52},[46,137433,57],{"class":56},[46,137435,438],{"class":426},[46,137437,137349],{"class":430},[46,137439,3544],{"class":426},[46,137441,137442],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137443,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,137445,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137447,7170],{"class":1595},[46,137449,136576],{"class":52},[46,137451,507],{"class":60},[46,137453,1775],{"class":102},[46,137455,1277],{"class":60},[46,137457,6581],{"class":56},[46,137459,438],{"class":426},[46,137461,8829],{"class":430},[46,137463,427],{"class":426},[46,137465,6566],{"class":60},[46,137467,137468,137470,137472,137474,137476,137478],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,137469,8240],{"class":90},[46,137471,94],{"class":60},[46,137473,427],{"class":426},[46,137475,137383],{"class":430},[46,137477,427],{"class":426},[46,137479,215],{"class":60},[283,137481,44377,137483,137486],{"id":137482},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137484,137485],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137488,137489,137490,137492],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137491,124043],{}," is enough.",[20,137494,137495,137496,137498,137499,507],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137497,137485],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137500,124043],{},[20,137502,137503,137504,122555],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137505,124043],{},[32,137507,137509,10755,137511],{"id":137508},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137510,124043],{},[15,137512,128191],{},[20,137514,137515,2051,137517,137519],{},[15,137516,124043],{},[15,137518,128191],{}," are very similar.",[172,137521,137522,137527,137532,137535],{},[175,137523,137524,137526],{},[15,137525,124043],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[175,137528,137529,137531],{},[15,137530,128191],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[175,137533,137534],{},"Both return new strings",[175,137536,137537],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137539,2393],{},[37,137541,137543],{"className":39,"code":137542,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137544,137545,137557,137561,137577],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137546,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137548,34856],{"class":52},[46,137550,57],{"class":56},[46,137552,438],{"class":426},[46,137554,129032],{"class":430},[46,137556,3544],{"class":426},[46,137558,137559],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137560,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,137562,137563,137565,137567,137569,137571,137573,137575],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137564,91],{"class":90},[46,137566,94],{"class":60},[46,137568,34877],{"class":102},[46,137570,507],{"class":60},[46,137572,1775],{"class":102},[46,137574,136346],{"class":60},[46,137576,136244],{"class":3845},[46,137578,137579,137581,137583,137585,137587,137589,137591],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,137580,91],{"class":90},[46,137582,94],{"class":60},[46,137584,34877],{"class":102},[46,137586,507],{"class":60},[46,137588,34646],{"class":102},[46,137590,136346],{"class":60},[46,137592,137593],{"class":3845},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137595,137596,137597,507],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[501,137598,126313,137600,10910],{"href":137599},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137601,128191],{},[32,137603,1991],{"id":1990},[283,137605,12872,137607,124640],{"id":137606},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137608,124043],{},[20,137610,137611],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[283,137613,12872,137615,137617],{"id":137614},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137616,124043],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137619,137620,137621,507],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137622,137623],{},"string.lower()",[283,137625,1995,137627,12884],{"id":137626},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137628,124043],{},[20,137630,137631],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[283,137633,28496,137635,137637],{"id":137634},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137636,124043],{}," on user input?",[20,137639,137640,137641,137643],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137642,3144],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[283,137645,2048,137647,2051,137649,2035],{"id":137646},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137648,124043],{},[15,137650,137485],{},[20,137652,137653,137655,137656,137658],{},[15,137654,124043],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137657,137485],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[32,137660,2065],{"id":2064},[172,137662,137663,137667,137673,137679,137685,137689,137693,137699],{},[175,137664,137665],{},[501,137666,51140],{"href":51139},[175,137668,137669],{},[501,137670,126313,137671,10910],{"href":137599},[15,137672,128191],{},[175,137674,137675],{},[501,137676,126313,137677,10910],{"href":136883},[15,137678,41818],{},[175,137680,137681],{},[501,137682,126313,137683,10910],{"href":129894},[15,137684,124484],{},[175,137686,137687],{},[501,137688,124712],{"href":123568},[175,137690,137691],{},[501,137692,90641],{"href":89650},[175,137694,137695],{},[501,137696,13,137697,506],{"href":8391},[15,137698,3144],{},[175,137700,137701],{},[501,137702,137703],{"href":136284},"What is a string in Python?",[2103,137705,137706],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":137708},[137709,137711,137712,137713,137714,137715,137716,137725,137727,137739],{"id":136254,"depth":87,"text":137710},"What lower() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":136703,"depth":87,"text":136704},{"id":15762,"depth":87,"text":15763},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":137717},[137718,137719,137720,137722,137723],{"id":25854,"depth":109,"text":25855},{"id":137138,"depth":109,"text":137139},{"id":137232,"depth":109,"text":137721},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137329,"depth":109,"text":137330},{"id":137482,"depth":109,"text":137724},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137508,"depth":87,"text":137726},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":137728},[137729,137731,137733,137735,137737],{"id":137606,"depth":109,"text":137730},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137614,"depth":109,"text":137732},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137626,"depth":109,"text":137734},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137634,"depth":109,"text":137736},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137646,"depth":109,"text":137738},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136171,"description":137740},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137747,"title":137748,"body":137749,"description":139299,"extension":2150,"meta":139300,"navigation":112,"path":139301,"seo":139302,"stem":139303,"__hash__":139304},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137750,"toc":139260},[137751,137756,137761,137767,137782,137784,137844,137846,137855,137861,137866,137871,137873,137887,137891,137893,137940,137942,137960,137962,137965,138036,138038,138052,138055,138067,138076,138080,138085,138090,138094,138160,138162,138171,138175,138240,138242,138251,138254,138259,138263,138268,138272,138333,138335,138344,138348,138351,138407,138409,138418,138421,138434,138436,138440,138447,138509,138511,138524,138530,138533,138540,138545,138550,138553,138561,138563,138624,138626,138635,138638,138685,138688,138735,138737,138742,138759,138766,138771,138824,138826,138834,138836,138893,138895,138903,138907,138954,138956,138964,138972,138976,139024,139026,139035,139040,139091,139093,139102,139109,139112,139133,139135,139140,139143,139147,139150,139154,139157,139184,139190,139193,139220,139225,139227,139229,139257],[10,137752,123313,137754,11490],{"id":137753},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137755,124484],{},[20,137757,123318,137758,137760],{},[15,137759,124484],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137762,137763,137764,137766],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137765,124484],{},". You will learn:",[172,137768,137769,137773,137776,137779],{},[175,137770,26187,137771,170],{},[15,137772,124484],{},[175,137774,137775],{},"how its syntax works",[175,137777,137778],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[175,137780,137781],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[32,137783,35],{"id":34},[37,137785,137787],{"className":39,"code":137786,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137788,137789,137802,137834],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137790,137791,137793,137795,137797,137800],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137792,34856],{"class":52},[46,137794,57],{"class":56},[46,137796,438],{"class":426},[46,137798,137799],{"class":430},"I like cats",[46,137801,3544],{"class":426},[46,137803,137804,137806,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816,137818,137821,137823,137825,137827,137830,137832],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137805,130152],{"class":52},[46,137807,57],{"class":56},[46,137809,43005],{"class":52},[46,137811,507],{"class":60},[46,137813,35168],{"class":102},[46,137815,94],{"class":60},[46,137817,427],{"class":426},[46,137819,137820],{"class":430},"cats",[46,137822,427],{"class":426},[46,137824,68],{"class":60},[46,137826,438],{"class":426},[46,137828,137829],{"class":430},"dogs",[46,137831,427],{"class":426},[46,137833,215],{"class":60},[46,137835,137836,137838,137840,137842],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,137837,91],{"class":90},[46,137839,94],{"class":60},[46,137841,130183],{"class":102},[46,137843,215],{"class":60},[20,137845,143],{},[37,137847,137849],{"className":39,"code":137848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"I like dogs\n",[15,137850,137851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137852,137853],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137854,137848],{"class":52},[20,137856,160,137857,137860],{},[15,137858,137859],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[32,137862,167,137864,170],{"id":137863},"what-replace-does",[15,137865,124484],{},[20,137867,137868,137870],{},[15,137869,124484],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137872,13219],{},[172,137874,137875,137877,137879,137882],{},[175,137876,133561],{},[175,137878,136279],{},[175,137880,137881],{},"It works on exact matches",[175,137883,137884,137885],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137886,41424],{},[20,137888,125065,137889,507],{},[501,137890,125068],{"href":51139},[32,137892,5603],{"id":5602},[37,137894,137896],{"className":39,"code":137895,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137897,137898,137918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137899,137900,137902,137904,137906,137908,137911,137913,137916],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137901,61334],{"class":52},[46,137903,507],{"class":60},[46,137905,35168],{"class":102},[46,137907,94],{"class":60},[46,137909,137910],{"class":102},"old",[46,137912,68],{"class":60},[46,137914,137915],{"class":102}," new",[46,137917,215],{"class":60},[46,137919,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934,137936,137938],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137921,61334],{"class":52},[46,137923,507],{"class":60},[46,137925,35168],{"class":102},[46,137927,94],{"class":60},[46,137929,137910],{"class":102},[46,137931,68],{"class":60},[46,137933,137915],{"class":102},[46,137935,68],{"class":60},[46,137937,49765],{"class":102},[46,137939,215],{"class":60},[283,137941,17561],{"id":17560},[172,137943,137944,137949,137955],{},[175,137945,137946,137948],{},[15,137947,137910],{}," = the text to find",[175,137950,137951,137954],{},[15,137952,137953],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[175,137956,137957,137959],{},[15,137958,41424],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[32,137961,5958],{"id":5957},[20,137963,137964],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[37,137966,137968],{"className":39,"code":137967,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137969,137970,137982,138012,138016,138026],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,137971,137972,137974,137976,137978,137980],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,137973,34856],{"class":52},[46,137975,57],{"class":56},[46,137977,438],{"class":426},[46,137979,137799],{"class":430},[46,137981,3544],{"class":426},[46,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990,137992,137994,137996,137998,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,137985,130152],{"class":52},[46,137987,57],{"class":56},[46,137989,43005],{"class":52},[46,137991,507],{"class":60},[46,137993,35168],{"class":102},[46,137995,94],{"class":60},[46,137997,427],{"class":426},[46,137999,137820],{"class":430},[46,138001,427],{"class":426},[46,138003,68],{"class":60},[46,138005,438],{"class":426},[46,138007,137829],{"class":430},[46,138009,427],{"class":426},[46,138011,215],{"class":60},[46,138013,138014],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138015,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,138017,138018,138020,138022,138024],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,138019,91],{"class":90},[46,138021,94],{"class":60},[46,138023,34877],{"class":102},[46,138025,215],{"class":60},[46,138027,138028,138030,138032,138034],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,138029,91],{"class":90},[46,138031,94],{"class":60},[46,138033,130183],{"class":102},[46,138035,215],{"class":60},[20,138037,143],{},[37,138039,138041],{"className":39,"code":138040,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138042,138043,138048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138044,138045],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138046,138047],{"class":52},"I like cats\n",[46,138049,138050],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138051,137848],{"class":52},[20,138053,138054],{},"Notice what happened:",[172,138056,138057,138062],{},[175,138058,138059,138061],{},[15,138060,34877],{}," did not change",[175,138063,138064,138066],{},[15,138065,130183],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138068,138069,138070,138072,138073,138075],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3924,138071,136948],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138074,124484],{}," return a new string instead.",[32,138077,138079],{"id":138078},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138081,89659,138082,138084],{},[15,138083,124484],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138086,138087,138088,2026],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138089,41424],{},[283,138091,138093],{"id":138092},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[37,138095,138097],{"className":39,"code":138096,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138098,138099,138112,138146,138150],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138100,138101,138103,138105,138107,138110],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138102,34856],{"class":52},[46,138104,57],{"class":56},[46,138106,438],{"class":426},[46,138108,138109],{"class":430},"cat cat cat",[46,138111,3544],{"class":426},[46,138113,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138,138140,138142,138144],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138115,2416],{"class":52},[46,138117,57],{"class":56},[46,138119,43005],{"class":52},[46,138121,507],{"class":60},[46,138123,35168],{"class":102},[46,138125,94],{"class":60},[46,138127,427],{"class":426},[46,138129,934],{"class":430},[46,138131,427],{"class":426},[46,138133,68],{"class":60},[46,138135,438],{"class":426},[46,138137,58288],{"class":430},[46,138139,427],{"class":426},[46,138141,68],{"class":60},[46,138143,81],{"class":64},[46,138145,215],{"class":60},[46,138147,138148],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138149,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,138151,138152,138154,138156,138158],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,138153,91],{"class":90},[46,138155,94],{"class":60},[46,138157,2451],{"class":102},[46,138159,215],{"class":60},[20,138161,143],{},[37,138163,138165],{"className":39,"code":138164,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138166,138167],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138168,138169],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138170,138164],{"class":52},[283,138172,138174],{"id":138173},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[37,138176,138178],{"className":39,"code":138177,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138179,138180,138192,138226,138230],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138181,138182,138184,138186,138188,138190],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138183,34856],{"class":52},[46,138185,57],{"class":56},[46,138187,438],{"class":426},[46,138189,138109],{"class":430},[46,138191,3544],{"class":426},[46,138193,138194,138196,138198,138200,138202,138204,138206,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138195,2416],{"class":52},[46,138197,57],{"class":56},[46,138199,43005],{"class":52},[46,138201,507],{"class":60},[46,138203,35168],{"class":102},[46,138205,94],{"class":60},[46,138207,427],{"class":426},[46,138209,934],{"class":430},[46,138211,427],{"class":426},[46,138213,68],{"class":60},[46,138215,438],{"class":426},[46,138217,58288],{"class":430},[46,138219,427],{"class":426},[46,138221,68],{"class":60},[46,138223,71],{"class":64},[46,138225,215],{"class":60},[46,138227,138228],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138229,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,138231,138232,138234,138236,138238],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,138233,91],{"class":90},[46,138235,94],{"class":60},[46,138237,2451],{"class":102},[46,138239,215],{"class":60},[20,138241,143],{},[37,138243,138245],{"className":39,"code":138244,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138246,138247],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138248,138249],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138250,138244],{"class":52},[20,138252,138253],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138255,138256,138257,507],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[501,138258,128037],{"href":124481},[32,138260,138262],{"id":138261},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138264,138265,138267],{},[15,138266,124484],{}," can also change single characters.",[283,138269,138271],{"id":138270},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[37,138273,138275],{"className":39,"code":138274,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138276,138277,138289,138319,138323],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138278,138279,138281,138283,138285,138287],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138280,34856],{"class":52},[46,138282,57],{"class":56},[46,138284,438],{"class":426},[46,138286,450],{"class":430},[46,138288,3544],{"class":426},[46,138290,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138292,2416],{"class":52},[46,138294,57],{"class":56},[46,138296,43005],{"class":52},[46,138298,507],{"class":60},[46,138300,35168],{"class":102},[46,138302,94],{"class":60},[46,138304,427],{"class":426},[46,138306,501],{"class":430},[46,138308,427],{"class":426},[46,138310,68],{"class":60},[46,138312,438],{"class":426},[46,138314,60633],{"class":430},[46,138316,427],{"class":426},[46,138318,215],{"class":60},[46,138320,138321],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138322,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,138324,138325,138327,138329,138331],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,138326,91],{"class":90},[46,138328,94],{"class":60},[46,138330,2451],{"class":102},[46,138332,215],{"class":60},[20,138334,143],{},[37,138336,138338],{"className":39,"code":138337,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"bonono\n",[15,138339,138340],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138341,138342],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138343,138337],{"class":52},[283,138345,138347],{"id":138346},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138349,138350],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[37,138352,138354],{"className":39,"code":138353,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138355,138356,138369,138393,138397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138357,138358,138360,138362,138364,138367],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138359,34856],{"class":52},[46,138361,57],{"class":56},[46,138363,438],{"class":426},[46,138365,138366],{"class":430},"a b c",[46,138368,3544],{"class":426},[46,138370,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381,138383,138385,138387,138389,138391],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138372,2416],{"class":52},[46,138374,57],{"class":56},[46,138376,43005],{"class":52},[46,138378,507],{"class":60},[46,138380,35168],{"class":102},[46,138382,94],{"class":60},[46,138384,427],{"class":426},[46,138386,438],{"class":426},[46,138388,68],{"class":60},[46,138390,6298],{"class":426},[46,138392,215],{"class":60},[46,138394,138395],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138396,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,138398,138399,138401,138403,138405],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,138400,91],{"class":90},[46,138402,94],{"class":60},[46,138404,2451],{"class":102},[46,138406,215],{"class":60},[20,138408,143],{},[37,138410,138412],{"className":39,"code":138411,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"abc\n",[15,138413,138414],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138415,138416],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138417,138411],{"class":52},[20,138419,138420],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138422,138423,138424,138428,138429,138433],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[501,138425,126313,138426,10910],{"href":129000},[15,138427,60691],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[501,138430,126313,138431,10910],{"href":136883},[15,138432,41818],{}," is often a better choice.",[32,138435,123960],{"id":123959},[20,138437,138438,123771],{},[15,138439,124484],{},[20,138441,127358,138442,2051,138444,127365],{},[15,138443,112997],{},[15,138445,138446],{},"\"Cat\"",[37,138448,138450],{"className":39,"code":138449,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138451,138452,138465,138495,138499],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138453,138454,138456,138458,138460,138463],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138455,34856],{"class":52},[46,138457,57],{"class":56},[46,138459,438],{"class":426},[46,138461,138462],{"class":430},"Cat cat CAT",[46,138464,3544],{"class":426},[46,138466,138467,138469,138471,138473,138475,138477,138479,138481,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138468,2416],{"class":52},[46,138470,57],{"class":56},[46,138472,43005],{"class":52},[46,138474,507],{"class":60},[46,138476,35168],{"class":102},[46,138478,94],{"class":60},[46,138480,427],{"class":426},[46,138482,934],{"class":430},[46,138484,427],{"class":426},[46,138486,68],{"class":60},[46,138488,438],{"class":426},[46,138490,58288],{"class":430},[46,138492,427],{"class":426},[46,138494,215],{"class":60},[46,138496,138497],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138498,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,138500,138501,138503,138505,138507],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,138502,91],{"class":90},[46,138504,94],{"class":60},[46,138506,2451],{"class":102},[46,138508,215],{"class":60},[20,138510,143],{},[37,138512,138514],{"className":39,"code":138513,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138515,138516],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138517,138518,138521],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138519,138520],{"class":52},"Cat dog ",[46,138522,138523],{"class":34622},"CAT\n",[20,138525,138526,138527,138529],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138528,112997],{}," was replaced.",[20,138531,138532],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138534,138535,138536,507],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[501,138537,126313,138538,10910],{"href":124040},[15,138539,124043],{},[32,138541,167,138543,11874],{"id":138542},"what-replace-returns",[15,138544,124484],{},[20,138546,138547,138549],{},[15,138548,124484],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138551,138552],{},"If no match is found:",[172,138554,138555,138558],{},[175,138556,138557],{},"no error happens",[175,138559,138560],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138562,2393],{},[37,138564,138566],{"className":39,"code":138565,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138567,138568,138580,138610,138614],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138569,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138571,34856],{"class":52},[46,138573,57],{"class":56},[46,138575,438],{"class":426},[46,138577,4027],{"class":430},[46,138579,3544],{"class":426},[46,138581,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606,138608],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138583,2416],{"class":52},[46,138585,57],{"class":56},[46,138587,43005],{"class":52},[46,138589,507],{"class":60},[46,138591,35168],{"class":102},[46,138593,94],{"class":60},[46,138595,427],{"class":426},[46,138597,1589],{"class":430},[46,138599,427],{"class":426},[46,138601,68],{"class":60},[46,138603,438],{"class":426},[46,138605,11914],{"class":430},[46,138607,427],{"class":426},[46,138609,215],{"class":60},[46,138611,138612],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138613,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,138615,138616,138618,138620,138622],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,138617,91],{"class":90},[46,138619,94],{"class":60},[46,138621,2451],{"class":102},[46,138623,215],{"class":60},[20,138625,143],{},[37,138627,138629],{"className":39,"code":138628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello\n",[15,138630,138631],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138632,138633],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138634,138628],{"class":52},[20,138636,138637],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[37,138639,138641],{"className":39,"code":138640,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138642,138643,138655],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138644,138645,138647,138649,138651,138653],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138646,34856],{"class":52},[46,138648,57],{"class":56},[46,138650,438],{"class":426},[46,138652,60566],{"class":430},[46,138654,3544],{"class":426},[46,138656,138657,138659,138661,138663,138665,138667,138669,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681,138683],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138658,130152],{"class":52},[46,138660,57],{"class":56},[46,138662,43005],{"class":52},[46,138664,507],{"class":60},[46,138666,35168],{"class":102},[46,138668,94],{"class":60},[46,138670,427],{"class":426},[46,138672,60751],{"class":430},[46,138674,427],{"class":426},[46,138676,68],{"class":60},[46,138678,438],{"class":426},[46,138680,7470],{"class":430},[46,138682,427],{"class":426},[46,138684,215],{"class":60},[20,138686,138687],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[37,138689,138691],{"className":39,"code":138690,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138692,138693,138705],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138694,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138696,34856],{"class":52},[46,138698,57],{"class":56},[46,138700,438],{"class":426},[46,138702,60566],{"class":430},[46,138704,3544],{"class":426},[46,138706,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138708,34856],{"class":52},[46,138710,57],{"class":56},[46,138712,43005],{"class":52},[46,138714,507],{"class":60},[46,138716,35168],{"class":102},[46,138718,94],{"class":60},[46,138720,427],{"class":426},[46,138722,60751],{"class":430},[46,138724,427],{"class":426},[46,138726,68],{"class":60},[46,138728,438],{"class":426},[46,138730,7470],{"class":430},[46,138732,427],{"class":426},[46,138734,215],{"class":60},[32,138736,4693],{"id":4692},[20,138738,138739,138740,198],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138741,124484],{},[172,138743,138744,138747,138751,138754],{},[175,138745,138746],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[175,138748,1853,138749,131533],{},[15,138750,124484],{},[175,138752,138753],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[175,138755,37372,138756,138758],{},[15,138757,124484],{}," with regex-based replacements",[283,138760,138762,138763,138765],{"id":138761},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138764,124484],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138767,138768,138769,198],{},"This does not update ",[15,138770,34877],{},[37,138772,138774],{"className":39,"code":138773,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138775,138776,138788,138814],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138777,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138779,34856],{"class":52},[46,138781,57],{"class":56},[46,138783,438],{"class":426},[46,138785,137799],{"class":430},[46,138787,3544],{"class":426},[46,138789,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808,138810,138812],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138791,34877],{"class":52},[46,138793,507],{"class":60},[46,138795,35168],{"class":102},[46,138797,94],{"class":60},[46,138799,427],{"class":426},[46,138801,137820],{"class":430},[46,138803,427],{"class":426},[46,138805,68],{"class":60},[46,138807,438],{"class":426},[46,138809,137829],{"class":430},[46,138811,427],{"class":426},[46,138813,215],{"class":60},[46,138815,138816,138818,138820,138822],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138817,91],{"class":90},[46,138819,94],{"class":60},[46,138821,34877],{"class":102},[46,138823,215],{"class":60},[20,138825,143],{},[37,138827,138828],{"className":39,"code":138047,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,138829,138830],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138831,138832],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138833,138047],{"class":52},[20,138835,10975],{},[37,138837,138839],{"className":39,"code":138838,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138840,138841,138853,138883],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138842,138843,138845,138847,138849,138851],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138844,34856],{"class":52},[46,138846,57],{"class":56},[46,138848,438],{"class":426},[46,138850,137799],{"class":430},[46,138852,3544],{"class":426},[46,138854,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138877,138879,138881],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138856,34856],{"class":52},[46,138858,57],{"class":56},[46,138860,43005],{"class":52},[46,138862,507],{"class":60},[46,138864,35168],{"class":102},[46,138866,94],{"class":60},[46,138868,427],{"class":426},[46,138870,137820],{"class":430},[46,138872,427],{"class":426},[46,138874,68],{"class":60},[46,138876,438],{"class":426},[46,138878,137829],{"class":430},[46,138880,427],{"class":426},[46,138882,215],{"class":60},[46,138884,138885,138887,138889,138891],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,138886,91],{"class":90},[46,138888,94],{"class":60},[46,138890,34877],{"class":102},[46,138892,215],{"class":60},[20,138894,143],{},[37,138896,138897],{"className":39,"code":137848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,138898,138899],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138900,138901],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138902,137848],{"class":52},[283,138904,138906],{"id":138905},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[37,138908,138910],{"className":39,"code":138909,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138911,138912,138924],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138913,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138915,34856],{"class":52},[46,138917,57],{"class":56},[46,138919,438],{"class":426},[46,138921,35036],{"class":430},[46,138923,3544],{"class":426},[46,138925,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934,138936,138938,138940,138942,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138927,91],{"class":90},[46,138929,94],{"class":60},[46,138931,34877],{"class":102},[46,138933,507],{"class":60},[46,138935,35168],{"class":102},[46,138937,94],{"class":60},[46,138939,427],{"class":426},[46,138941,4027],{"class":430},[46,138943,427],{"class":426},[46,138945,68],{"class":60},[46,138947,438],{"class":426},[46,138949,89894],{"class":430},[46,138951,427],{"class":426},[46,138953,106],{"class":60},[20,138955,143],{},[37,138957,138958],{"className":39,"code":88907,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,138959,138960],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138961,138962],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138963,88907],{"class":52},[20,138965,138966,138967,2051,138969,138971],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138968,64695],{},[15,138970,90376],{}," are not the same.",[283,138973,138975],{"id":138974},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[37,138977,138979],{"className":39,"code":138978,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138980,138981,138994],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,138982,138983,138985,138987,138989,138992],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,138984,34856],{"class":52},[46,138986,57],{"class":56},[46,138988,438],{"class":426},[46,138990,138991],{"class":430},"red red red",[46,138993,3544],{"class":426},[46,138995,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,138997,91],{"class":90},[46,138999,94],{"class":60},[46,139001,34877],{"class":102},[46,139003,507],{"class":60},[46,139005,35168],{"class":102},[46,139007,94],{"class":60},[46,139009,427],{"class":426},[46,139011,13260],{"class":430},[46,139013,427],{"class":426},[46,139015,68],{"class":60},[46,139017,438],{"class":426},[46,139019,13277],{"class":430},[46,139021,427],{"class":426},[46,139023,106],{"class":60},[20,139025,143],{},[37,139027,139029],{"className":39,"code":139028,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139030,139031],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139032,139033],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139034,139028],{"class":52},[20,139036,139037,139038,198],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139039,41424],{},[37,139041,139043],{"className":39,"code":139042,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139044,139045,139057],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139046,139047,139049,139051,139053,139055],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139048,34856],{"class":52},[46,139050,57],{"class":56},[46,139052,438],{"class":426},[46,139054,138991],{"class":430},[46,139056,3544],{"class":426},[46,139058,139059,139061,139063,139065,139067,139069,139071,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083,139085,139087,139089],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139060,91],{"class":90},[46,139062,94],{"class":60},[46,139064,34877],{"class":102},[46,139066,507],{"class":60},[46,139068,35168],{"class":102},[46,139070,94],{"class":60},[46,139072,427],{"class":426},[46,139074,13260],{"class":430},[46,139076,427],{"class":426},[46,139078,68],{"class":60},[46,139080,438],{"class":426},[46,139082,13277],{"class":430},[46,139084,427],{"class":426},[46,139086,68],{"class":60},[46,139088,81],{"class":64},[46,139090,106],{"class":60},[20,139092,143],{},[37,139094,139096],{"className":39,"code":139095,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"blue red red\n",[15,139097,139098],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139099,139100],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139101,139095],{"class":52},[283,139103,139105,139106,139108],{"id":139104},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139107,124484],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139110,139111],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[172,139113,139114,139121,139128],{},[175,139115,160,139116,139120],{},[501,139117,139118],{"href":129000},[15,139119,60691],{}," to break a string into a list",[175,139122,160,139123,139127],{},[501,139124,139125],{"href":136883},[15,139126,41818],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[175,139129,160,139130,139132],{},[15,139131,124484],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[32,139134,1991],{"id":1990},[283,139136,12872,139138,124640],{"id":139137},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139139,124484],{},[20,139141,139142],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[283,139144,139146],{"id":139145},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139148,139149],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[283,139151,139153],{"id":139152},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139155,139156],{},"Use the third argument:",[37,139158,139160],{"className":39,"code":139159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139161,139162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139163,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139165,34877],{"class":52},[46,139167,507],{"class":60},[46,139169,35168],{"class":102},[46,139171,94],{"class":60},[46,139173,137910],{"class":102},[46,139175,68],{"class":60},[46,139177,137915],{"class":102},[46,139179,68],{"class":60},[46,139181,81],{"class":64},[46,139183,215],{"class":60},[283,139185,2005,139187,139189],{"id":139186},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139188,124484],{}," remove text?",[20,139191,139192],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[37,139194,139196],{"className":39,"code":139195,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139197,139198],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139199,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210,139212,139214,139216,139218],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139201,34877],{"class":52},[46,139203,507],{"class":60},[46,139205,35168],{"class":102},[46,139207,94],{"class":60},[46,139209,427],{"class":426},[46,139211,1589],{"class":430},[46,139213,427],{"class":426},[46,139215,68],{"class":60},[46,139217,6298],{"class":426},[46,139219,215],{"class":60},[283,139221,15069,139223,124649],{"id":139222},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139224,124484],{},[20,139226,129842],{},[32,139228,2065],{"id":2064},[172,139230,139231,139235,139241,139247,139253],{},[175,139232,139233],{},[501,139234,124719],{"href":124481},[175,139236,139237],{},[501,139238,126313,139239,10910],{"href":129000},[15,139240,60691],{},[175,139242,139243],{},[501,139244,126313,139245,10910],{"href":136883},[15,139246,41818],{},[175,139248,139249],{},[501,139250,126313,139251,10910],{"href":124040},[15,139252,124043],{},[175,139254,139255],{},[501,139256,125068],{"href":51139},[2103,139258,139259],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":139261},[139262,139263,139265,139268,139269,139273,139277,139278,139280,139288,139298],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":137863,"depth":87,"text":139264},"What replace() does",{"id":5602,"depth":87,"text":5603,"children":139266},[139267],{"id":17560,"depth":109,"text":17561},{"id":5957,"depth":87,"text":5958},{"id":138078,"depth":87,"text":138079,"children":139270},[139271,139272],{"id":138092,"depth":109,"text":138093},{"id":138173,"depth":109,"text":138174},{"id":138261,"depth":87,"text":138262,"children":139274},[139275,139276],{"id":138270,"depth":109,"text":138271},{"id":138346,"depth":109,"text":138347},{"id":123959,"depth":87,"text":123960},{"id":138542,"depth":87,"text":139279},"What replace() returns",{"id":4692,"depth":87,"text":4693,"children":139281},[139282,139284,139285,139286],{"id":138761,"depth":109,"text":139283},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138905,"depth":109,"text":138906},{"id":138974,"depth":109,"text":138975},{"id":139104,"depth":109,"text":139287},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":139289},[139290,139292,139293,139294,139296],{"id":139137,"depth":109,"text":139291},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139145,"depth":109,"text":139146},{"id":139152,"depth":109,"text":139153},{"id":139186,"depth":109,"text":139295},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139222,"depth":109,"text":139297},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137748,"description":139299},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139306,"title":139307,"body":139308,"description":141327,"extension":2150,"meta":141328,"navigation":112,"path":141329,"seo":141330,"stem":141331,"__hash__":141332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139309,"toc":141291},[139310,139315,139320,139323,139334,139336,139391,139396,139401,139408,139410,139425,139427,139483,139485,139523,139528,139530,139554,139557,139570,139575,139577,139609,139611,139644,139650,139655,139658,139668,139671,139673,139729,139731,139781,139784,139792,139795,139851,139853,139926,139939,139947,139951,139962,139965,139968,140021,140023,140055,140058,140112,140114,140149,140152,140157,140162,140167,140170,140172,140230,140232,140266,140268,140283,140286,140288,140330,140332,140358,140363,140371,140374,140376,140458,140460,140511,140514,140525,140533,140535,140608,140610,140628,140632,140635,140639,140666,140668,140676,140680,140715,140717,140730,140734,140737,140776,140778,140795,140800,140805,140816,140819,140830,140832,140834,140860,140863,140912,140914,140931,140934,140936,140988,140990,141022,141025,141083,141088,141090,141095,141198,141200,141214,141216,141223,141228,141233,141238,141243,141248,141251,141255,141260,141262,141288],[10,139311,123313,139313,11490],{"id":139312},"python-string-split-method",[15,139314,60691],{},[20,139316,123318,139317,139319],{},[15,139318,60691],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139321,139322],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[172,139324,139325,139328,139331],{},[175,139326,139327],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[175,139329,139330],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[175,139332,139333],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[32,139335,35],{"id":34},[37,139337,139339],{"className":39,"code":139338,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139340,139341,139354,139376,139386],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139342,139343,139345,139347,139349,139352],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139344,34856],{"class":52},[46,139346,57],{"class":56},[46,139348,438],{"class":426},[46,139350,139351],{"class":430},"apple,banana,cherry",[46,139353,3544],{"class":426},[46,139355,139356,139358,139360,139362,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139357,43000],{"class":52},[46,139359,57],{"class":56},[46,139361,43005],{"class":52},[46,139363,507],{"class":60},[46,139365,34637],{"class":102},[46,139367,94],{"class":60},[46,139369,427],{"class":426},[46,139371,68],{"class":430},[46,139373,427],{"class":426},[46,139375,215],{"class":60},[46,139377,139378,139380,139382,139384],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,139379,91],{"class":90},[46,139381,94],{"class":60},[46,139383,43032],{"class":102},[46,139385,215],{"class":60},[46,139387,139388],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,139389,139390],{"class":3845},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139392,160,139393,139395],{},[15,139394,60691],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[32,139397,167,139399,170],{"id":139398},"what-split-does",[15,139400,60691],{},[20,139402,139403,132361,139405,507],{},[15,139404,60691],{},[3924,139406,139407],{},"string method",[20,139409,49090],{},[172,139411,139412,139415,139420],{},[175,139413,139414],{},"divides a string into parts",[175,139416,119615,139417],{},[3924,139418,139419],{},"new list of strings",[175,139421,119621,139422,139424],{},[3924,139423,4805],{}," change the original string",[20,139426,2393],{},[37,139428,139430],{"className":39,"code":139429,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139431,139432,139445,139459,139463,139473],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139433,139434,139436,139438,139440,139443],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139435,34856],{"class":52},[46,139437,57],{"class":56},[46,139439,438],{"class":426},[46,139441,139442],{"class":430},"red blue green",[46,139444,3544],{"class":426},[46,139446,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455,139457],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139448,43000],{"class":52},[46,139450,57],{"class":56},[46,139452,43005],{"class":52},[46,139454,507],{"class":60},[46,139456,34637],{"class":102},[46,139458,8814],{"class":60},[46,139460,139461],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,139462,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,139464,139465,139467,139469,139471],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,139466,91],{"class":90},[46,139468,94],{"class":60},[46,139470,34877],{"class":102},[46,139472,215],{"class":60},[46,139474,139475,139477,139479,139481],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,139476,91],{"class":90},[46,139478,94],{"class":60},[46,139480,43032],{"class":102},[46,139482,215],{"class":60},[20,139484,143],{},[37,139486,139488],{"className":39,"code":139487,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139489,139490,139495],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139491,139492],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139493,139494],{"class":52},"red blue green\n",[46,139496,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513,139515,139517,139519,139521],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139498,1152],{"class":60},[46,139500,1188],{"class":426},[46,139502,13260],{"class":430},[46,139504,1188],{"class":426},[46,139506,68],{"class":60},[46,139508,1197],{"class":426},[46,139510,13277],{"class":430},[46,139512,1188],{"class":426},[46,139514,68],{"class":60},[46,139516,1197],{"class":426},[46,139518,17622],{"class":430},[46,139520,1188],{"class":426},[46,139522,84],{"class":60},[20,139524,139525,139526,507],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[501,139527,125068],{"href":51139},[32,139529,2343],{"id":2342},[37,139531,139533],{"className":39,"code":139532,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139534,139535],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139536,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139552],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139538,61334],{"class":52},[46,139540,507],{"class":60},[46,139542,34637],{"class":102},[46,139544,94],{"class":60},[46,139546,133717],{"class":102},[46,139548,68],{"class":60},[46,139550,139551],{"class":102}," maxsplit",[46,139553,215],{"class":60},[20,139555,139556],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[172,139558,139559,139564],{},[175,139560,139561,139563],{},[15,139562,133717],{}," tells Python where to split",[175,139565,139566,139569],{},[15,139567,139568],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139571,9047,139572,139574],{},[15,139573,133717],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139576,2393],{},[37,139578,139580],{"className":39,"code":139579,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139581,139582,139595],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139583,139584,139586,139588,139590,139593],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139585,34856],{"class":52},[46,139587,57],{"class":56},[46,139589,438],{"class":426},[46,139591,139592],{"class":430},"one two three",[46,139594,3544],{"class":426},[46,139596,139597,139599,139601,139603,139605,139607],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139598,91],{"class":90},[46,139600,94],{"class":60},[46,139602,34877],{"class":102},[46,139604,507],{"class":60},[46,139606,34637],{"class":102},[46,139608,7367],{"class":60},[20,139610,143],{},[37,139612,139614],{"className":39,"code":139613,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139615,139616],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139617,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139619,1152],{"class":60},[46,139621,1188],{"class":426},[46,139623,6757],{"class":430},[46,139625,1188],{"class":426},[46,139627,68],{"class":60},[46,139629,1197],{"class":426},[46,139631,79422],{"class":430},[46,139633,1188],{"class":426},[46,139635,68],{"class":60},[46,139637,1197],{"class":426},[46,139639,134199],{"class":430},[46,139641,1188],{"class":426},[46,139643,84],{"class":60},[32,139645,578,139647,139649],{"id":139646},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139648,60691],{}," with no separator",[20,139651,70333,139652,139654],{},[15,139653,60691],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139656,139657],{},"Whitespace includes:",[172,139659,139660,139662,139665],{},[175,139661,10621],{},[175,139663,139664],{},"tabs",[175,139666,139667],{},"new lines",[20,139669,139670],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139672,2393],{},[37,139674,139676],{"className":39,"code":139675,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139677,139678,139701,139715,139719],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139679,139680,139682,139684,139686,139689,139692,139694,139696,139699],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139681,34856],{"class":52},[46,139683,57],{"class":56},[46,139685,438],{"class":426},[46,139687,139688],{"class":430},"Python   is",[46,139690,139691],{"class":34622},"\\t",[46,139693,133453],{"class":430},[46,139695,87111],{"class":34622},[46,139697,139698],{"class":430},"and useful",[46,139700,3544],{"class":426},[46,139702,139703,139705,139707,139709,139711,139713],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139704,43000],{"class":52},[46,139706,57],{"class":56},[46,139708,43005],{"class":52},[46,139710,507],{"class":60},[46,139712,34637],{"class":102},[46,139714,8814],{"class":60},[46,139716,139717],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,139718,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,139720,139721,139723,139725,139727],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,139722,91],{"class":90},[46,139724,94],{"class":60},[46,139726,43032],{"class":102},[46,139728,215],{"class":60},[20,139730,143],{},[37,139732,139734],{"className":39,"code":139733,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139735,139736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139737,139738,139740,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772,139774,139777,139779],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139739,1152],{"class":60},[46,139741,1188],{"class":426},[46,139743,7470],{"class":430},[46,139745,1188],{"class":426},[46,139747,68],{"class":60},[46,139749,1197],{"class":426},[46,139751,1283],{"class":430},[46,139753,1188],{"class":426},[46,139755,68],{"class":60},[46,139757,1197],{"class":426},[46,139759,133453],{"class":430},[46,139761,1188],{"class":426},[46,139763,68],{"class":60},[46,139765,1197],{"class":426},[46,139767,130078],{"class":430},[46,139769,1188],{"class":426},[46,139771,68],{"class":60},[46,139773,1197],{"class":426},[46,139775,139776],{"class":430},"useful",[46,139778,1188],{"class":426},[46,139780,84],{"class":60},[20,139782,139783],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[283,139785,139787,10755,139789],{"id":139786},"split-vs-split",[15,139788,60691],{},[15,139790,139791],{},"split(' ')",[20,139793,139794],{},"These are not the same.",[37,139796,139798],{"className":39,"code":139797,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139799,139800,139813,139817,139831],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139801,139802,139804,139806,139808,139811],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139803,34856],{"class":52},[46,139805,57],{"class":56},[46,139807,438],{"class":426},[46,139809,139810],{"class":430},"a  b   c",[46,139812,3544],{"class":426},[46,139814,139815],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139816,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,139818,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,139820,91],{"class":90},[46,139822,94],{"class":60},[46,139824,34877],{"class":102},[46,139826,507],{"class":60},[46,139828,34637],{"class":102},[46,139830,7367],{"class":60},[46,139832,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,139834,91],{"class":90},[46,139836,94],{"class":60},[46,139838,34877],{"class":102},[46,139840,507],{"class":60},[46,139842,34637],{"class":102},[46,139844,94],{"class":60},[46,139846,427],{"class":426},[46,139848,438],{"class":426},[46,139850,106],{"class":60},[20,139852,143],{},[37,139854,139856],{"className":39,"code":139855,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139857,139858,139886],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139859,139860,139862,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139861,1152],{"class":60},[46,139863,1188],{"class":426},[46,139865,501],{"class":430},[46,139867,1188],{"class":426},[46,139869,68],{"class":60},[46,139871,1197],{"class":426},[46,139873,4935],{"class":430},[46,139875,1188],{"class":426},[46,139877,68],{"class":60},[46,139879,1197],{"class":426},[46,139881,9908],{"class":430},[46,139883,1188],{"class":426},[46,139885,84],{"class":60},[46,139887,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139889,1152],{"class":60},[46,139891,1188],{"class":426},[46,139893,501],{"class":430},[46,139895,1188],{"class":426},[46,139897,68],{"class":60},[46,139899,4020],{"class":426},[46,139901,68],{"class":60},[46,139903,1197],{"class":426},[46,139905,4935],{"class":430},[46,139907,1188],{"class":426},[46,139909,68],{"class":60},[46,139911,4020],{"class":426},[46,139913,68],{"class":60},[46,139915,4020],{"class":426},[46,139917,68],{"class":60},[46,139919,1197],{"class":426},[46,139921,9908],{"class":430},[46,139923,1188],{"class":426},[46,139925,84],{"class":60},[172,139927,139928,139933],{},[175,139929,139930,139932],{},[15,139931,60691],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[175,139934,139935,139938],{},[15,139936,139937],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139940,139941,139942,139946],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[501,139943,126313,139944,10910],{"href":136883},[15,139945,41818],{}," is often useful.",[32,139948,139950],{"id":139949},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139952,139953,139954,2374,139957,2378,139959,507],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139955,139956],{},"\",\"",[15,139958,133552],{},[15,139960,139961],{},"\"::\"",[20,139963,139964],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139966,139967],{},"Example with commas:",[37,139969,139971],{"className":39,"code":139970,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139972,139973,139985,140007,140011],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,139974,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,139976,34856],{"class":52},[46,139978,57],{"class":56},[46,139980,438],{"class":426},[46,139982,139351],{"class":430},[46,139984,3544],{"class":426},[46,139986,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,139988,43000],{"class":52},[46,139990,57],{"class":56},[46,139992,43005],{"class":52},[46,139994,507],{"class":60},[46,139996,34637],{"class":102},[46,139998,94],{"class":60},[46,140000,427],{"class":426},[46,140002,68],{"class":430},[46,140004,427],{"class":426},[46,140006,215],{"class":60},[46,140008,140009],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140010,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,140012,140013,140015,140017,140019],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,140014,91],{"class":90},[46,140016,94],{"class":60},[46,140018,43032],{"class":102},[46,140020,215],{"class":60},[20,140022,143],{},[37,140024,140025],{"className":39,"code":78602,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,140026,140027],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140028,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043,140045,140047,140049,140051,140053],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140030,1152],{"class":60},[46,140032,1188],{"class":426},[46,140034,756],{"class":430},[46,140036,1188],{"class":426},[46,140038,68],{"class":60},[46,140040,1197],{"class":426},[46,140042,450],{"class":430},[46,140044,1188],{"class":426},[46,140046,68],{"class":60},[46,140048,1197],{"class":426},[46,140050,765],{"class":430},[46,140052,1188],{"class":426},[46,140054,84],{"class":60},[20,140056,140057],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[37,140059,140061],{"className":39,"code":140060,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140062,140063,140076,140098,140102],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140064,140065,140067,140069,140071,140074],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140066,34856],{"class":52},[46,140068,57],{"class":56},[46,140070,438],{"class":426},[46,140072,140073],{"class":430},"2024::10::31",[46,140075,3544],{"class":426},[46,140077,140078,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140079,43000],{"class":52},[46,140081,57],{"class":56},[46,140083,43005],{"class":52},[46,140085,507],{"class":60},[46,140087,34637],{"class":102},[46,140089,94],{"class":60},[46,140091,427],{"class":426},[46,140093,76820],{"class":430},[46,140095,427],{"class":426},[46,140097,215],{"class":60},[46,140099,140100],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140101,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,140103,140104,140106,140108,140110],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,140105,91],{"class":90},[46,140107,94],{"class":60},[46,140109,43032],{"class":102},[46,140111,215],{"class":60},[20,140113,143],{},[37,140115,140117],{"className":39,"code":140116,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140118,140119],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140120,140121,140123,140125,140128,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140145,140147],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140122,1152],{"class":60},[46,140124,1188],{"class":426},[46,140126,140127],{"class":430},"2024",[46,140129,1188],{"class":426},[46,140131,68],{"class":60},[46,140133,1197],{"class":426},[46,140135,1494],{"class":430},[46,140137,1188],{"class":426},[46,140139,68],{"class":60},[46,140141,1197],{"class":426},[46,140143,140144],{"class":430},"31",[46,140146,1188],{"class":426},[46,140148,84],{"class":60},[20,140150,140151],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140153,140154,140155,507],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[501,140156,128997],{"href":128996},[32,140158,578,140160],{"id":140159},"using-maxsplit",[15,140161,139568],{},[20,140163,140164,140166],{},[15,140165,139568],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140168,140169],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140171,2393],{},[37,140173,140175],{"className":39,"code":140174,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140176,140177,140190,140216,140220],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140178,140179,140181,140183,140185,140188],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140180,34856],{"class":52},[46,140182,57],{"class":56},[46,140184,438],{"class":426},[46,140186,140187],{"class":430},"name:age:city:country",[46,140189,3544],{"class":426},[46,140191,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140193,43000],{"class":52},[46,140195,57],{"class":56},[46,140197,43005],{"class":52},[46,140199,507],{"class":60},[46,140201,34637],{"class":102},[46,140203,94],{"class":60},[46,140205,427],{"class":426},[46,140207,198],{"class":430},[46,140209,427],{"class":426},[46,140211,68],{"class":60},[46,140213,71],{"class":64},[46,140215,215],{"class":60},[46,140217,140218],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140219,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,140221,140222,140224,140226,140228],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,140223,91],{"class":90},[46,140225,94],{"class":60},[46,140227,43032],{"class":102},[46,140229,215],{"class":60},[20,140231,143],{},[37,140233,140235],{"className":39,"code":140234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140236,140237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140238,140239,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257,140259,140262,140264],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140240,1152],{"class":60},[46,140242,1188],{"class":426},[46,140244,1009],{"class":430},[46,140246,1188],{"class":426},[46,140248,68],{"class":60},[46,140250,1197],{"class":426},[46,140252,9468],{"class":430},[46,140254,1188],{"class":426},[46,140256,68],{"class":60},[46,140258,1197],{"class":426},[46,140260,140261],{"class":430},"city:country",[46,140263,1188],{"class":426},[46,140265,84],{"class":60},[20,140267,2364],{},[172,140269,140270,140275,140280],{},[175,140271,140272,140273],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140274,198],{},[175,140276,140277,140278],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140279,198],{},[175,140281,140282],{},"then stops",[20,140284,140285],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140287,52243],{},[37,140289,140291],{"className":39,"code":140290,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140292,140293,140306],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140294,140295,140297,140299,140301,140304],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140296,34856],{"class":52},[46,140298,57],{"class":56},[46,140300,438],{"class":426},[46,140302,140303],{"class":430},"apple banana cherry grape",[46,140305,3544],{"class":426},[46,140307,140308,140310,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320,140322,140324,140326,140328],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140309,91],{"class":90},[46,140311,94],{"class":60},[46,140313,34877],{"class":102},[46,140315,507],{"class":60},[46,140317,34637],{"class":102},[46,140319,94],{"class":60},[46,140321,427],{"class":426},[46,140323,438],{"class":426},[46,140325,68],{"class":60},[46,140327,81],{"class":64},[46,140329,106],{"class":60},[20,140331,143],{},[37,140333,140335],{"className":39,"code":140334,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140336,140337],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140338,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140354,140356],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140340,1152],{"class":60},[46,140342,1188],{"class":426},[46,140344,756],{"class":430},[46,140346,1188],{"class":426},[46,140348,68],{"class":60},[46,140350,1197],{"class":426},[46,140352,140353],{"class":430},"banana cherry grape",[46,140355,1188],{"class":426},[46,140357,84],{"class":60},[32,140359,167,140361,11874],{"id":140360},"what-split-returns",[15,140362,60691],{},[20,140364,140365,140366,140368,140369,507],{},"The result of ",[15,140367,60691],{}," is always a ",[3924,140370,8265],{},[20,140372,140373],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140375,2393],{},[37,140377,140379],{"className":39,"code":140378,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140380,140381,140394,140416,140420,140430,140444],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140382,140383,140385,140387,140389,140392],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140384,34856],{"class":52},[46,140386,57],{"class":56},[46,140388,438],{"class":426},[46,140390,140391],{"class":430},"cat,dog,bird",[46,140393,3544],{"class":426},[46,140395,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140397,43000],{"class":52},[46,140399,57],{"class":56},[46,140401,43005],{"class":52},[46,140403,507],{"class":60},[46,140405,34637],{"class":102},[46,140407,94],{"class":60},[46,140409,427],{"class":426},[46,140411,68],{"class":430},[46,140413,427],{"class":426},[46,140415,215],{"class":60},[46,140417,140418],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140419,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,140421,140422,140424,140426,140428],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,140423,91],{"class":90},[46,140425,94],{"class":60},[46,140427,43032],{"class":102},[46,140429,215],{"class":60},[46,140431,140432,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,140433,91],{"class":90},[46,140435,94],{"class":60},[46,140437,1889],{"class":1270},[46,140439,94],{"class":60},[46,140441,43032],{"class":102},[46,140443,106],{"class":60},[46,140445,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,140447,91],{"class":90},[46,140449,94],{"class":60},[46,140451,43032],{"class":102},[46,140453,1152],{"class":60},[46,140455,554],{"class":64},[46,140457,1161],{"class":60},[20,140459,143],{},[37,140461,140463],{"className":39,"code":140462,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140464,140465,140493,140507],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140466,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140468,1152],{"class":60},[46,140470,1188],{"class":426},[46,140472,934],{"class":430},[46,140474,1188],{"class":426},[46,140476,68],{"class":60},[46,140478,1197],{"class":426},[46,140480,58288],{"class":430},[46,140482,1188],{"class":426},[46,140484,68],{"class":60},[46,140486,1197],{"class":426},[46,140488,58305],{"class":430},[46,140490,1188],{"class":426},[46,140492,84],{"class":60},[46,140494,140495,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140496,3476],{"class":56},[46,140498,3479],{"class":1140},[46,140500,1197],{"class":426},[46,140502,8265],{"class":430},[46,140504,1188],{"class":426},[46,140506,3488],{"class":56},[46,140508,140509],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140510,974],{"class":52},[20,140512,140513],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[172,140515,140516,140519,140522],{},[175,140517,140518],{},"loop over it",[175,140520,140521],{},"access items by index",[175,140523,140524],{},"combine items again later",[20,140526,140527,140528,507],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[501,140529,126313,140531,10910],{"href":140530},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140532,133395],{},[20,140534,2393],{},[37,140536,140538],{"className":39,"code":140537,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140539,140540,140572,140594,140598],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140541,140542,140544,140546,140548,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558,140560,140562,140564,140566,140568,140570],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140543,43000],{"class":52},[46,140545,57],{"class":56},[46,140547,61],{"class":60},[46,140549,1188],{"class":426},[46,140551,934],{"class":430},[46,140553,1188],{"class":426},[46,140555,68],{"class":60},[46,140557,1197],{"class":426},[46,140559,58288],{"class":430},[46,140561,1188],{"class":426},[46,140563,68],{"class":60},[46,140565,1197],{"class":426},[46,140567,58305],{"class":430},[46,140569,1188],{"class":426},[46,140571,84],{"class":60},[46,140573,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140575,34856],{"class":52},[46,140577,57],{"class":56},[46,140579,438],{"class":426},[46,140581,2208],{"class":430},[46,140583,427],{"class":426},[46,140585,507],{"class":60},[46,140587,133472],{"class":102},[46,140589,94],{"class":60},[46,140591,43032],{"class":102},[46,140593,215],{"class":60},[46,140595,140596],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140597,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,140599,140600,140602,140604,140606],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,140601,91],{"class":90},[46,140603,94],{"class":60},[46,140605,34877],{"class":102},[46,140607,215],{"class":60},[20,140609,143],{},[37,140611,140613],{"className":39,"code":140612,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140614,140615],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140616,140617,140619,140621,140623,140625],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140618,934],{"class":52},[46,140620,2208],{"class":56},[46,140622,58288],{"class":52},[46,140624,2208],{"class":56},[46,140626,140627],{"class":52},"bird\n",[32,140629,140631],{"id":140630},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140633,140634],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[283,140636,140638],{"id":140637},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[37,140640,140642],{"className":39,"code":140641,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140643,140644,140652],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140645,140646,140648,140650],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140647,34856],{"class":52},[46,140649,57],{"class":56},[46,140651,8052],{"class":426},[46,140653,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140655,91],{"class":90},[46,140657,94],{"class":60},[46,140659,34877],{"class":102},[46,140661,507],{"class":60},[46,140663,34637],{"class":102},[46,140665,7367],{"class":60},[20,140667,143],{},[37,140669,140670],{"className":39,"code":38463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,140671,140672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140673,140674],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140675,38463],{"class":60},[283,140677,140679],{"id":140678},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[37,140681,140683],{"className":39,"code":140682,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140684,140685,140693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140686,140687,140689,140691],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140688,34856],{"class":52},[46,140690,57],{"class":56},[46,140692,8052],{"class":426},[46,140694,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140696,91],{"class":90},[46,140698,94],{"class":60},[46,140700,34877],{"class":102},[46,140702,507],{"class":60},[46,140704,34637],{"class":102},[46,140706,94],{"class":60},[46,140708,427],{"class":426},[46,140710,68],{"class":430},[46,140712,427],{"class":426},[46,140714,106],{"class":60},[20,140716,143],{},[37,140718,140720],{"className":39,"code":140719,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['']\n",[15,140721,140722],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140723,140724,140726,140728],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140725,1152],{"class":60},[46,140727,3955],{"class":426},[46,140729,84],{"class":60},[283,140731,140733],{"id":140732},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140735,140736],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[37,140738,140740],{"className":39,"code":140739,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140741,140742,140754],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140743,140744,140746,140748,140750,140752],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140745,34856],{"class":52},[46,140747,57],{"class":56},[46,140749,438],{"class":426},[46,140751,4027],{"class":430},[46,140753,3544],{"class":426},[46,140755,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770,140772,140774],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140757,91],{"class":90},[46,140759,94],{"class":60},[46,140761,34877],{"class":102},[46,140763,507],{"class":60},[46,140765,34637],{"class":102},[46,140767,94],{"class":60},[46,140769,427],{"class":426},[46,140771,68],{"class":430},[46,140773,427],{"class":426},[46,140775,106],{"class":60},[20,140777,143],{},[37,140779,140781],{"className":39,"code":140780,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"['hello']\n",[15,140782,140783],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140784,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140786,1152],{"class":60},[46,140788,1188],{"class":426},[46,140790,4027],{"class":430},[46,140792,1188],{"class":426},[46,140794,84],{"class":60},[32,140796,1794,140798],{"id":140797},"when-to-use-split",[15,140799,60691],{},[20,140801,160,140802,140804],{},[15,140803,60691],{}," when you need to:",[172,140806,140807,140810,140813],{},[175,140808,140809],{},"split a sentence into words",[175,140811,140812],{},"split comma-separated values",[175,140814,140815],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140817,140818],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[172,140820,140821,140824,140827],{},[175,140822,140823],{},"cleaning text",[175,140825,140826],{},"parsing user input",[175,140828,140829],{},"processing simple file content",[32,140831,1834],{"id":1833},[20,140833,1837],{},[172,140835,140836,140840,140846,140849,140857],{},[175,140837,50669,140838,131533],{},[15,140839,60691],{},[175,140841,140842,140843,140845],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140844,60691],{}," returns a list, not a string",[175,140847,140848],{},"using the wrong separator",[175,140850,140851,140852,140854,140855],{},"assuming ",[15,140853,139791],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140856,60691],{},[175,140858,140859],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140861,140862],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[37,140864,140866],{"className":39,"code":140865,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140867,140868,140880,140898,140902],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140869,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140871,34856],{"class":52},[46,140873,57],{"class":56},[46,140875,438],{"class":426},[46,140877,42993],{"class":430},[46,140879,3544],{"class":426},[46,140881,140882,140884,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140883,34877],{"class":52},[46,140885,507],{"class":60},[46,140887,34637],{"class":102},[46,140889,94],{"class":60},[46,140891,427],{"class":426},[46,140893,68],{"class":430},[46,140895,427],{"class":426},[46,140897,215],{"class":60},[46,140899,140900],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140901,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,140903,140904,140906,140908,140910],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,140905,91],{"class":90},[46,140907,94],{"class":60},[46,140909,34877],{"class":102},[46,140911,215],{"class":60},[20,140913,143],{},[37,140915,140917],{"className":39,"code":140916,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a,b,c\n",[15,140918,140919],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140920,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140922,501],{"class":52},[46,140924,68],{"class":60},[46,140926,4935],{"class":52},[46,140928,68],{"class":60},[46,140930,69405],{"class":52},[20,140932,140933],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140935,10975],{},[37,140937,140938],{"className":39,"code":42980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,140939,140940,140952,140974,140978],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140941,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140943,34856],{"class":52},[46,140945,57],{"class":56},[46,140947,438],{"class":426},[46,140949,42993],{"class":430},[46,140951,3544],{"class":426},[46,140953,140954,140956,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,140955,43000],{"class":52},[46,140957,57],{"class":56},[46,140959,43005],{"class":52},[46,140961,507],{"class":60},[46,140963,34637],{"class":102},[46,140965,94],{"class":60},[46,140967,427],{"class":426},[46,140969,68],{"class":430},[46,140971,427],{"class":426},[46,140973,215],{"class":60},[46,140975,140976],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,140977,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,140979,140980,140982,140984,140986],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,140981,91],{"class":90},[46,140983,94],{"class":60},[46,140985,43032],{"class":102},[46,140987,215],{"class":60},[20,140989,143],{},[37,140991,140992],{"className":39,"code":43039,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,140993,140994],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,140995,140996,140998,141000,141002,141004,141006,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141018,141020],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,140997,1152],{"class":60},[46,140999,1188],{"class":426},[46,141001,501],{"class":430},[46,141003,1188],{"class":426},[46,141005,68],{"class":60},[46,141007,1197],{"class":426},[46,141009,4935],{"class":430},[46,141011,1188],{"class":426},[46,141013,68],{"class":60},[46,141015,1197],{"class":426},[46,141017,9908],{"class":430},[46,141019,1188],{"class":426},[46,141021,84],{"class":60},[20,141023,141024],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[37,141026,141028],{"className":39,"code":141027,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141029,141030,141043,141065,141069],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141031,141032,141034,141036,141038,141041],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141033,34856],{"class":52},[46,141035,57],{"class":56},[46,141037,438],{"class":426},[46,141039,141040],{"class":430},"apple,banana",[46,141042,3544],{"class":426},[46,141044,141045,141047,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141046,43000],{"class":52},[46,141048,57],{"class":56},[46,141050,43005],{"class":52},[46,141052,507],{"class":60},[46,141054,34637],{"class":102},[46,141056,94],{"class":60},[46,141058,427],{"class":426},[46,141060,68],{"class":430},[46,141062,427],{"class":426},[46,141064,215],{"class":60},[46,141066,141067],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,141068,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,141070,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,141072,91],{"class":90},[46,141074,94],{"class":60},[46,141076,43032],{"class":102},[46,141078,1152],{"class":60},[46,141080,2243],{"class":64},[46,141082,1161],{"class":60},[20,141084,141085,141086,507],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[501,141087,69418],{"href":69417},[283,141089,60870],{"id":60869},[20,141091,9047,141092,141094],{},[15,141093,60691],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[37,141096,141098],{"className":39,"code":141097,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141099,141100,141110,141124,141146,141172],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141101,141102,141104,141106,141108],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141103,91],{"class":90},[46,141105,94],{"class":60},[46,141107,34877],{"class":102},[46,141109,215],{"class":60},[46,141111,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141113,91],{"class":90},[46,141115,94],{"class":60},[46,141117,34877],{"class":102},[46,141119,507],{"class":60},[46,141121,34637],{"class":102},[46,141123,7367],{"class":60},[46,141125,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,141127,91],{"class":90},[46,141129,94],{"class":60},[46,141131,34877],{"class":102},[46,141133,507],{"class":60},[46,141135,34637],{"class":102},[46,141137,94],{"class":60},[46,141139,1188],{"class":426},[46,141141,68],{"class":430},[46,141143,1188],{"class":426},[46,141145,106],{"class":60},[46,141147,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,141149,91],{"class":90},[46,141151,94],{"class":60},[46,141153,476],{"class":90},[46,141155,94],{"class":60},[46,141157,34877],{"class":102},[46,141159,507],{"class":60},[46,141161,34637],{"class":102},[46,141163,94],{"class":60},[46,141165,1188],{"class":426},[46,141167,68],{"class":430},[46,141169,1188],{"class":426},[46,141171,3099],{"class":60},[46,141173,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141190,141192,141194,141196],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,141175,91],{"class":90},[46,141177,94],{"class":60},[46,141179,1889],{"class":1270},[46,141181,94],{"class":60},[46,141183,34877],{"class":102},[46,141185,507],{"class":60},[46,141187,34637],{"class":102},[46,141189,94],{"class":60},[46,141191,1188],{"class":426},[46,141193,68],{"class":430},[46,141195,1188],{"class":426},[46,141197,3099],{"class":60},[20,141199,11338],{},[172,141201,141202,141205,141208,141211],{},[175,141203,141204],{},"what the original string looks like",[175,141206,141207],{},"which separator works",[175,141209,141210],{},"how many items were created",[175,141212,141213],{},"that the result is a list",[32,141215,1991],{"id":1990},[283,141217,2048,141219,2051,141221,2035],{"id":141218},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141220,60691],{},[15,141222,139791],{},[20,141224,141225,141227],{},[15,141226,60691],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141229,141230,141232],{},[15,141231,139791],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[283,141234,12872,141236,124640],{"id":141235},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141237,60691],{},[20,141239,141240,141241,56641],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141242,60691],{},[283,141244,1995,141246,40126],{"id":141245},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141247,139568],{},[20,141249,141250],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[283,141252,141254],{"id":141253},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141256,29228,141257,141259],{},[15,141258,60691],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[32,141261,2065],{"id":2064},[172,141263,141264,141268,141274,141280,141284],{},[175,141265,141266],{},[501,141267,129918],{"href":128996},[175,141269,141270],{},[501,141271,126313,141272,10910],{"href":140530},[15,141273,133395],{},[175,141275,141276],{},[501,141277,126313,141278,10910],{"href":136883},[15,141279,41818],{},[175,141281,141282],{},[501,141283,125068],{"href":51139},[175,141285,141286],{},[501,141287,69418],{"href":69417},[2103,141289,141290],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":141292},[141293,141294,141296,141297,141302,141303,141305,141307,141312,141314,141317,141326],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":139398,"depth":87,"text":141295},"What split() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":139646,"depth":87,"text":141298,"children":141299},"Using split() with no separator",[141300],{"id":139786,"depth":109,"text":141301},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139949,"depth":87,"text":139950},{"id":140159,"depth":87,"text":141304},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140360,"depth":87,"text":141306},"What split() returns",{"id":140630,"depth":87,"text":140631,"children":141308},[141309,141310,141311],{"id":140637,"depth":109,"text":140638},{"id":140678,"depth":109,"text":140679},{"id":140732,"depth":109,"text":140733},{"id":140797,"depth":87,"text":141313},"When to use split()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":141315},[141316],{"id":60869,"depth":109,"text":60870},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":141318},[141319,141321,141323,141325],{"id":141218,"depth":109,"text":141320},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141235,"depth":109,"text":141322},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141245,"depth":109,"text":141324},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141253,"depth":109,"text":141254},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139307,"description":141327},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141334,"title":141335,"body":141336,"description":143279,"extension":2150,"meta":143280,"navigation":112,"path":143281,"seo":143282,"stem":143283,"__hash__":143284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141337,"toc":143238},[141338,141343,141348,141355,141428,141433,141438,141443,141459,141461,141531,141533,141535,141555,141557,141602,141607,141609,141707,141712,141716,141721,141725,141728,141770,141774,141777,141822,141826,141829,141879,141883,141888,141940,141942,141947,141958,141963,142043,142045,142057,142066,142073,142088,142090,142205,142211,142215,142218,142223,142365,142368,142375,142377,142381,142389,142458,142464,142513,142518,142523,142525,142545,142547,142613,142615,142619,142622,142626,142667,142669,142702,142707,142710,142737,142739,142782,142789,142794,142804,142870,142874,142882,142887,142938,142942,142945,142947,142956,142958,143008,143010,143117,143119,143124,143131,143137,143140,143171,143176,143178,143185,143193,143202,143205,143207,143235],[10,141339,123313,141341,11490],{"id":141340},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141342,127681],{},[20,141344,123318,141345,141347],{},[15,141346,127681],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141349,126379,141350,3065,141352,141354],{},[15,141351,3787],{},[15,141353,3856],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[37,141356,141358],{"className":39,"code":141357,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141359,141360,141373,141377,141402],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141361,141362,141364,141366,141368,141371],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141363,34856],{"class":52},[46,141365,57],{"class":56},[46,141367,438],{"class":426},[46,141369,141370],{"class":430},"Python Beginner Help",[46,141372,3544],{"class":426},[46,141374,141375],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141376,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,141378,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,141380,91],{"class":90},[46,141382,94],{"class":60},[46,141384,34877],{"class":102},[46,141386,507],{"class":60},[46,141388,141389],{"class":102},"startswith",[46,141391,94],{"class":60},[46,141393,427],{"class":426},[46,141395,7470],{"class":430},[46,141397,427],{"class":426},[46,141399,5533],{"class":60},[46,141401,44019],{"class":3845},[46,141403,141404,141406,141408,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418,141421,141423,141425],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,141405,91],{"class":90},[46,141407,94],{"class":60},[46,141409,34877],{"class":102},[46,141411,507],{"class":60},[46,141413,141389],{"class":102},[46,141415,94],{"class":60},[46,141417,427],{"class":426},[46,141419,141420],{"class":430},"Beginner",[46,141422,427],{"class":426},[46,141424,5533],{"class":60},[46,141426,141427],{"class":3845}," # False\n",[20,141429,160,141430,141432],{},[15,141431,127681],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[32,141434,167,141436,170],{"id":141435},"what-startswith-does",[15,141437,127681],{},[20,141439,141440,141442],{},[15,141441,127681],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[172,141444,141445,141448,141454,141456],{},[175,141446,141447],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[175,141449,5320,141450,3065,141452],{},[15,141451,3787],{},[15,141453,3856],{},[175,141455,123456],{},[175,141457,141458],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141460,2393],{},[37,141462,141464],{"className":39,"code":141463,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141465,141466,141478,141482,141507],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141467,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141469,8047],{"class":52},[46,141471,57],{"class":56},[46,141473,438],{"class":426},[46,141475,7470],{"class":430},[46,141477,3544],{"class":426},[46,141479,141480],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141481,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,141483,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141494,141496,141498,141501,141503,141505],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,141485,91],{"class":90},[46,141487,94],{"class":60},[46,141489,1009],{"class":102},[46,141491,507],{"class":60},[46,141493,141389],{"class":102},[46,141495,94],{"class":60},[46,141497,427],{"class":426},[46,141499,141500],{"class":430},"Py",[46,141502,427],{"class":426},[46,141504,5533],{"class":60},[46,141506,44019],{"class":3845},[46,141508,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,141510,91],{"class":90},[46,141512,94],{"class":60},[46,141514,1009],{"class":102},[46,141516,507],{"class":60},[46,141518,141389],{"class":102},[46,141520,94],{"class":60},[46,141522,427],{"class":426},[46,141524,128759],{"class":430},[46,141526,427],{"class":426},[46,141528,5533],{"class":60},[46,141530,44036],{"class":3845},[32,141532,2343],{"id":2342},[20,141534,42548],{},[37,141536,141538],{"className":39,"code":141537,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141539,141540],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141541,141542,141544,141546,141548,141550,141553],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141543,61334],{"class":52},[46,141545,507],{"class":60},[46,141547,141389],{"class":102},[46,141549,94],{"class":60},[46,141551,141552],{"class":102},"prefix",[46,141554,215],{"class":60},[20,141556,30932],{},[37,141558,141560],{"className":39,"code":141559,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141561,141562,141580],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141563,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576,141578],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141565,61334],{"class":52},[46,141567,507],{"class":60},[46,141569,141389],{"class":102},[46,141571,94],{"class":60},[46,141573,141552],{"class":102},[46,141575,68],{"class":60},[46,141577,36220],{"class":102},[46,141579,215],{"class":60},[46,141581,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141583,61334],{"class":52},[46,141585,507],{"class":60},[46,141587,141389],{"class":102},[46,141589,94],{"class":60},[46,141591,141552],{"class":102},[46,141593,68],{"class":60},[46,141595,36220],{"class":102},[46,141597,68],{"class":60},[46,141599,65201],{"class":102},[46,141601,215],{"class":60},[20,141603,20938,141604,141606],{},[15,141605,141552],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141608,2393],{},[37,141610,141612],{"className":39,"code":141611,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141613,141614,141626,141630,141655,141679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141615,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141617,34856],{"class":52},[46,141619,57],{"class":56},[46,141621,438],{"class":426},[46,141623,60566],{"class":430},[46,141625,3544],{"class":426},[46,141627,141628],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141629,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,141631,141632,141634,141636,141638,141640,141642,141644,141646,141648,141650,141652],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,141633,91],{"class":90},[46,141635,94],{"class":60},[46,141637,34877],{"class":102},[46,141639,507],{"class":60},[46,141641,141389],{"class":102},[46,141643,94],{"class":60},[46,141645,427],{"class":426},[46,141647,4027],{"class":430},[46,141649,427],{"class":426},[46,141651,5533],{"class":60},[46,141653,141654],{"class":3845},"      # True\n",[46,141656,141657,141659,141661,141663,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,141658,91],{"class":90},[46,141660,94],{"class":60},[46,141662,34877],{"class":102},[46,141664,507],{"class":60},[46,141666,141389],{"class":102},[46,141668,94],{"class":60},[46,141670,427],{"class":426},[46,141672,60751],{"class":430},[46,141674,427],{"class":426},[46,141676,5533],{"class":60},[46,141678,21368],{"class":3845},[46,141680,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701,141703,141705],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,141682,91],{"class":90},[46,141684,94],{"class":60},[46,141686,34877],{"class":102},[46,141688,507],{"class":60},[46,141690,141389],{"class":102},[46,141692,94],{"class":60},[46,141694,427],{"class":426},[46,141696,60751],{"class":430},[46,141698,427],{"class":426},[46,141700,68],{"class":60},[46,141702,37811],{"class":64},[46,141704,5533],{"class":60},[46,141706,44019],{"class":3845},[20,141708,141709,141710,507],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[501,141711,125068],{"href":51139},[32,141713,141715],{"id":141714},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141717,141718,141720],{},[15,141719,127681],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[283,141722,141723],{"id":141552},[15,141724,141552],{},[20,141726,141727],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[37,141729,141731],{"className":39,"code":141730,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141732,141733,141745],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141734,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141736,34856],{"class":52},[46,141738,57],{"class":56},[46,141740,438],{"class":426},[46,141742,450],{"class":430},[46,141744,3544],{"class":426},[46,141746,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141764,141766,141768],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141748,91],{"class":90},[46,141750,94],{"class":60},[46,141752,34877],{"class":102},[46,141754,507],{"class":60},[46,141756,141389],{"class":102},[46,141758,94],{"class":60},[46,141760,427],{"class":426},[46,141762,141763],{"class":430},"ban",[46,141765,427],{"class":426},[46,141767,5533],{"class":60},[46,141769,3846],{"class":3845},[283,141771,141772],{"id":36241},[15,141773,36241],{},[20,141775,141776],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[37,141778,141780],{"className":39,"code":141779,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141781,141782,141794],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141783,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141785,34856],{"class":52},[46,141787,57],{"class":56},[46,141789,438],{"class":426},[46,141791,60566],{"class":430},[46,141793,3544],{"class":426},[46,141795,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141797,91],{"class":90},[46,141799,94],{"class":60},[46,141801,34877],{"class":102},[46,141803,507],{"class":60},[46,141805,141389],{"class":102},[46,141807,94],{"class":60},[46,141809,427],{"class":426},[46,141811,60751],{"class":430},[46,141813,427],{"class":426},[46,141815,68],{"class":60},[46,141817,37811],{"class":64},[46,141819,5533],{"class":60},[46,141821,3846],{"class":3845},[283,141823,141824],{"id":52823},[15,141825,52823],{},[20,141827,141828],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[37,141830,141832],{"className":39,"code":141831,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141833,141834,141846],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141835,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141837,34856],{"class":52},[46,141839,57],{"class":56},[46,141841,438],{"class":426},[46,141843,60566],{"class":430},[46,141845,3544],{"class":426},[46,141847,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141849,91],{"class":90},[46,141851,94],{"class":60},[46,141853,34877],{"class":102},[46,141855,507],{"class":60},[46,141857,141389],{"class":102},[46,141859,94],{"class":60},[46,141861,427],{"class":426},[46,141863,141864],{"class":430},"wor",[46,141866,427],{"class":426},[46,141868,68],{"class":60},[46,141870,37811],{"class":64},[46,141872,68],{"class":60},[46,141874,76],{"class":64},[46,141876,5533],{"class":60},[46,141878,3846],{"class":3845},[283,141880,141882],{"id":141881},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141884,141885,141887],{},[15,141886,141552],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[37,141889,141891],{"className":39,"code":141890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141892,141893,141906],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141894,141895,141897,141899,141901,141904],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141896,126396],{"class":52},[46,141898,57],{"class":56},[46,141900,438],{"class":426},[46,141902,141903],{"class":430},"img_001.png",[46,141905,3544],{"class":426},[46,141907,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922,141925,141927,141929,141931,141934,141936,141938],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141909,91],{"class":90},[46,141911,94],{"class":60},[46,141913,126414],{"class":102},[46,141915,507],{"class":60},[46,141917,141389],{"class":102},[46,141919,5682],{"class":60},[46,141921,427],{"class":426},[46,141923,141924],{"class":430},"img_",[46,141926,427],{"class":426},[46,141928,68],{"class":60},[46,141930,438],{"class":426},[46,141932,141933],{"class":430},"photo_",[46,141935,427],{"class":426},[46,141937,51255],{"class":60},[46,141939,3846],{"class":3845},[32,141941,17585],{"id":17584},[20,141943,141944,141946],{},[15,141945,127681],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[172,141948,141949,141954],{},[175,141950,141951,141953],{},[15,141952,3787],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[175,141955,141956,126998],{},[15,141957,3856],{},[20,141959,141960,141961,7345],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141962,7170],{},[37,141964,141966],{"className":39,"code":141965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141967,141968,141982,141986,142007,142022,142028],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,141969,141970,141973,141975,141977,141980],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,141971,141972],{"class":52},"command ",[46,141974,57],{"class":56},[46,141976,438],{"class":426},[46,141978,141979],{"class":430},"\u002Fhelp",[46,141981,3544],{"class":426},[46,141983,141984],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,141985,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,141987,141988,141990,141993,141995,141997,141999,142001,142003,142005],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,141989,7170],{"class":1595},[46,141991,141992],{"class":52}," command",[46,141994,507],{"class":60},[46,141996,141389],{"class":102},[46,141998,94],{"class":60},[46,142000,427],{"class":426},[46,142002,127205],{"class":430},[46,142004,427],{"class":426},[46,142006,8514],{"class":60},[46,142008,142009,142011,142013,142015,142018,142020],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,142010,8240],{"class":90},[46,142012,94],{"class":60},[46,142014,427],{"class":426},[46,142016,142017],{"class":430},"This looks like a command.",[46,142019,427],{"class":426},[46,142021,215],{"class":60},[46,142023,142024,142026],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,142025,27601],{"class":1595},[46,142027,6566],{"class":60},[46,142029,142030,142032,142034,142036,142039,142041],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,142031,8240],{"class":90},[46,142033,94],{"class":60},[46,142035,427],{"class":426},[46,142037,142038],{"class":430},"This is normal text.",[46,142040,427],{"class":426},[46,142042,215],{"class":60},[20,142044,143],{},[37,142046,142048],{"className":39,"code":142047,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142049,142050],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142051,142052,142055],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142053,142054],{"class":52},"This looks like a command",[46,142056,122345],{"class":60},[32,142058,578,142060,8876,142062,2051,142064],{"id":142059},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142061,127681],{},[15,142063,36241],{},[15,142065,52823],{},[20,142067,882,142068,2051,142070,142072],{},[15,142069,36241],{},[15,142071,52823],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[172,142074,142075,142080,142085],{},[175,142076,142077,142079],{},[15,142078,36241],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[175,142081,142082,142084],{},[15,142083,52823],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[175,142086,142087],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142089,2393],{},[37,142091,142093],{"className":39,"code":142092,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142094,142095,142107,142111,142140,142173],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142096,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142098,34856],{"class":52},[46,142100,57],{"class":56},[46,142102,438],{"class":426},[46,142104,139592],{"class":430},[46,142106,3544],{"class":426},[46,142108,142109],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142110,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142112,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142114,91],{"class":90},[46,142116,94],{"class":60},[46,142118,34877],{"class":102},[46,142120,507],{"class":60},[46,142122,141389],{"class":102},[46,142124,94],{"class":60},[46,142126,427],{"class":426},[46,142128,79422],{"class":430},[46,142130,427],{"class":426},[46,142132,68],{"class":60},[46,142134,2643],{"class":64},[46,142136,5533],{"class":60},[46,142138,142139],{"class":3845},"        # True\n",[46,142141,142142,142144,142146,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156,142158,142160,142162,142164,142166,142169,142171],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,142143,91],{"class":90},[46,142145,94],{"class":60},[46,142147,34877],{"class":102},[46,142149,507],{"class":60},[46,142151,141389],{"class":102},[46,142153,94],{"class":60},[46,142155,427],{"class":426},[46,142157,134199],{"class":430},[46,142159,427],{"class":426},[46,142161,68],{"class":60},[46,142163,6532],{"class":64},[46,142165,68],{"class":60},[46,142167,142168],{"class":64}," 13",[46,142170,5533],{"class":60},[46,142172,3846],{"class":3845},[46,142174,142175,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193,142195,142197,142199,142201,142203],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,142176,91],{"class":90},[46,142178,94],{"class":60},[46,142180,34877],{"class":102},[46,142182,507],{"class":60},[46,142184,141389],{"class":102},[46,142186,94],{"class":60},[46,142188,427],{"class":426},[46,142190,134199],{"class":430},[46,142192,427],{"class":426},[46,142194,68],{"class":60},[46,142196,6532],{"class":64},[46,142198,68],{"class":60},[46,142200,317],{"class":64},[46,142202,5533],{"class":60},[46,142204,4946],{"class":3845},[20,142206,142207,142208,142210],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142209,52823],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[32,142212,142214],{"id":142213},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142216,142217],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142219,142220,142221,49511],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142222,41001],{},[37,142224,142226],{"className":39,"code":142225,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142227,142228,142242,142256,142270,142274,142298,142302,142323,142344],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142229,142230,142233,142235,142237,142240],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142231,142232],{"class":52},"filename1 ",[46,142234,57],{"class":56},[46,142236,438],{"class":426},[46,142238,142239],{"class":430},"img_101.jpg",[46,142241,3544],{"class":426},[46,142243,142244,142247,142249,142251,142254],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142245,142246],{"class":52},"filename2 ",[46,142248,57],{"class":56},[46,142250,438],{"class":426},[46,142252,142253],{"class":430},"photo_202.jpg",[46,142255,3544],{"class":426},[46,142257,142258,142261,142263,142265,142268],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142259,142260],{"class":52},"filename3 ",[46,142262,57],{"class":56},[46,142264,438],{"class":426},[46,142266,142267],{"class":430},"doc_303.jpg",[46,142269,3544],{"class":426},[46,142271,142272],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,142273,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142275,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,142277,127608],{"class":52},[46,142279,57],{"class":56},[46,142281,9406],{"class":60},[46,142283,427],{"class":426},[46,142285,141924],{"class":430},[46,142287,427],{"class":426},[46,142289,68],{"class":60},[46,142291,438],{"class":426},[46,142293,141933],{"class":430},[46,142295,427],{"class":426},[46,142297,215],{"class":60},[46,142299,142300],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,142301,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142303,142304,142306,142308,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,142305,91],{"class":90},[46,142307,94],{"class":60},[46,142309,142310],{"class":102},"filename1",[46,142312,507],{"class":60},[46,142314,141389],{"class":102},[46,142316,94],{"class":60},[46,142318,127660],{"class":102},[46,142320,5533],{"class":60},[46,142322,3846],{"class":3845},[46,142324,142325,142327,142329,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,142326,91],{"class":90},[46,142328,94],{"class":60},[46,142330,142331],{"class":102},"filename2",[46,142333,507],{"class":60},[46,142335,141389],{"class":102},[46,142337,94],{"class":60},[46,142339,127660],{"class":102},[46,142341,5533],{"class":60},[46,142343,3846],{"class":3845},[46,142345,142346,142348,142350,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,142347,91],{"class":90},[46,142349,94],{"class":60},[46,142351,142352],{"class":102},"filename3",[46,142354,507],{"class":60},[46,142356,141389],{"class":102},[46,142358,94],{"class":60},[46,142360,127660],{"class":102},[46,142362,5533],{"class":60},[46,142364,4946],{"class":3845},[20,142366,142367],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142369,74926,142370,142374],{},[501,142371,126313,142372,10910],{"href":129907},[15,142373,126371],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[32,142376,123960],{"id":123959},[20,142378,142379,123771],{},[15,142380,127681],{},[20,142382,127358,142383,2051,142386,127365],{},[15,142384,142385],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142387,142388],{},"\"python\"",[37,142390,142392],{"className":39,"code":142391,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142393,142394,142406,142410,142434],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142395,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142397,34856],{"class":52},[46,142399,57],{"class":56},[46,142401,438],{"class":426},[46,142403,7470],{"class":430},[46,142405,3544],{"class":426},[46,142407,142408],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142409,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142411,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142413,91],{"class":90},[46,142415,94],{"class":60},[46,142417,34877],{"class":102},[46,142419,507],{"class":60},[46,142421,141389],{"class":102},[46,142423,94],{"class":60},[46,142425,427],{"class":426},[46,142427,141500],{"class":430},[46,142429,427],{"class":426},[46,142431,5533],{"class":60},[46,142433,3846],{"class":3845},[46,142435,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452,142454,142456],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,142437,91],{"class":90},[46,142439,94],{"class":60},[46,142441,34877],{"class":102},[46,142443,507],{"class":60},[46,142445,141389],{"class":102},[46,142447,94],{"class":60},[46,142449,427],{"class":426},[46,142451,128759],{"class":430},[46,142453,427],{"class":426},[46,142455,5533],{"class":60},[46,142457,4946],{"class":3845},[20,142459,127450,142460,507],{},[501,142461,142462],{"href":124040},[15,142463,124043],{},[37,142465,142467],{"className":39,"code":142466,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142468,142469,142481,142485],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142470,142471,142473,142475,142477,142479],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142472,34856],{"class":52},[46,142474,57],{"class":56},[46,142476,438],{"class":426},[46,142478,7470],{"class":430},[46,142480,3544],{"class":426},[46,142482,142483],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142484,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142486,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142488,91],{"class":90},[46,142490,94],{"class":60},[46,142492,34877],{"class":102},[46,142494,507],{"class":60},[46,142496,1775],{"class":102},[46,142498,8809],{"class":60},[46,142500,141389],{"class":102},[46,142502,94],{"class":60},[46,142504,427],{"class":426},[46,142506,128759],{"class":430},[46,142508,427],{"class":426},[46,142510,5533],{"class":60},[46,142512,3846],{"class":3845},[32,142514,1794,142516],{"id":142515},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142517,127681],{},[20,142519,142520,142522],{},[15,142521,127681],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142524,9542],{},[172,142526,142527,142530,142533,142542],{},[175,142528,142529],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[175,142531,142532],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[175,142534,142535,142536,3065,142539],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142537,142538],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142540,142541],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[175,142543,142544],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142546,2393],{},[37,142548,142550],{"className":39,"code":142549,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142551,142552,142565,142569,142598],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142553,142554,142556,142558,142560,142563],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142555,127176],{"class":52},[46,142557,57],{"class":56},[46,142559,438],{"class":426},[46,142561,142562],{"class":430},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[46,142564,3544],{"class":426},[46,142566,142567],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142568,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142570,142571,142573,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142572,7170],{"class":1595},[46,142574,142575],{"class":52}," url",[46,142577,507],{"class":60},[46,142579,141389],{"class":102},[46,142581,5682],{"class":60},[46,142583,427],{"class":426},[46,142585,142538],{"class":430},[46,142587,427],{"class":426},[46,142589,68],{"class":60},[46,142591,438],{"class":426},[46,142593,142541],{"class":430},[46,142595,427],{"class":426},[46,142597,69722],{"class":60},[46,142599,142600,142602,142604,142606,142609,142611],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,142601,8240],{"class":90},[46,142603,94],{"class":60},[46,142605,427],{"class":426},[46,142607,142608],{"class":430},"This looks like a web URL.",[46,142610,427],{"class":426},[46,142612,215],{"class":60},[32,142614,1834],{"id":1833},[20,142616,23262,142617,507],{},[15,142618,127681],{},[283,142620,138753],{"id":142621},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142623,142624,123771],{},[15,142625,127681],{},[37,142627,142629],{"className":39,"code":142628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142630,142631,142643],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142632,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142634,34856],{"class":52},[46,142636,57],{"class":56},[46,142638,438],{"class":426},[46,142640,7470],{"class":430},[46,142642,3544],{"class":426},[46,142644,142645,142647,142649,142651,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663,142665],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142646,91],{"class":90},[46,142648,94],{"class":60},[46,142650,34877],{"class":102},[46,142652,507],{"class":60},[46,142654,141389],{"class":102},[46,142656,94],{"class":60},[46,142658,427],{"class":426},[46,142660,41],{"class":430},[46,142662,427],{"class":426},[46,142664,5533],{"class":60},[46,142666,4946],{"class":3845},[20,142668,39427],{},[37,142670,142672],{"className":39,"code":142671,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142673,142674],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142675,142676,142678,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688,142690,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142677,91],{"class":90},[46,142679,94],{"class":60},[46,142681,34877],{"class":102},[46,142683,507],{"class":60},[46,142685,1775],{"class":102},[46,142687,8809],{"class":60},[46,142689,141389],{"class":102},[46,142691,94],{"class":60},[46,142693,427],{"class":426},[46,142695,41],{"class":430},[46,142697,427],{"class":426},[46,142699,5533],{"class":60},[46,142701,3846],{"class":3845},[283,142703,29817,142705,137235],{"id":142704},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142706,127681],{},[20,142708,142709],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[37,142711,142713],{"className":39,"code":142712,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142714,142715,142723,142727,142732],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142716,142717,142719,142721],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142718,2633],{"class":52},[46,142720,57],{"class":56},[46,142722,124995],{"class":64},[46,142724,142725],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142726,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142728,142729],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142730,142731],{"class":3845},"# This will cause an error:\n",[46,142733,142734],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,142735,142736],{"class":3845},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142738,39427],{},[37,142740,142742],{"className":39,"code":142741,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142743,142744,142758],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142745,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142747,2633],{"class":52},[46,142749,57],{"class":56},[46,142751,49067],{"class":1270},[46,142753,94],{"class":60},[46,142755,50409],{"class":64},[46,142757,215],{"class":60},[46,142759,142760,142762,142764,142766,142768,142770,142772,142774,142776,142778,142780],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142761,91],{"class":90},[46,142763,94],{"class":60},[46,142765,2659],{"class":102},[46,142767,507],{"class":60},[46,142769,141389],{"class":102},[46,142771,94],{"class":60},[46,142773,427],{"class":426},[46,142775,3175],{"class":430},[46,142777,427],{"class":426},[46,142779,5533],{"class":60},[46,142781,3846],{"class":3845},[283,142783,37372,142785,8876,142787],{"id":142784},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142786,127681],{},[15,142788,1602],{},[20,142790,142791,142793],{},[15,142792,127681],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142795,142796,142797,142799,142800,507],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142798,1602],{}," or methods like ",[501,142801,142802],{"href":124323},[15,142803,124308],{},[37,142805,142807],{"className":39,"code":142806,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142808,142809,142821,142825,142849],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142810,142811,142813,142815,142817,142819],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142812,34856],{"class":52},[46,142814,57],{"class":56},[46,142816,438],{"class":426},[46,142818,60566],{"class":430},[46,142820,3544],{"class":426},[46,142822,142823],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142824,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142826,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837,142839,142841,142843,142845,142847],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142828,91],{"class":90},[46,142830,94],{"class":60},[46,142832,34877],{"class":102},[46,142834,507],{"class":60},[46,142836,141389],{"class":102},[46,142838,94],{"class":60},[46,142840,427],{"class":426},[46,142842,60751],{"class":430},[46,142844,427],{"class":426},[46,142846,5533],{"class":60},[46,142848,4946],{"class":3845},[46,142850,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,142852,91],{"class":90},[46,142854,94],{"class":60},[46,142856,427],{"class":426},[46,142858,60751],{"class":430},[46,142860,427],{"class":426},[46,142862,21341],{"class":1595},[46,142864,43005],{"class":102},[46,142866,1592],{"class":60},[46,142868,142869],{"class":3845},"           # True\n",[20,142871,135787,142872,507],{},[501,142873,127349],{"href":123568},[283,142875,1859,142877,2051,142879,142881],{"id":142876},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142878,36241],{},[15,142880,52823],{}," use index positions",[20,142883,142884,142885,507],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142886,554],{},[37,142888,142890],{"className":39,"code":142889,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142891,142892,142905,142909],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142893,142894,142896,142898,142900,142903],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142895,34856],{"class":52},[46,142897,57],{"class":56},[46,142899,438],{"class":426},[46,142901,142902],{"class":430},"abcdef",[46,142904,3544],{"class":426},[46,142906,142907],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142908,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,142910,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921,142923,142925,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,142912,91],{"class":90},[46,142914,94],{"class":60},[46,142916,34877],{"class":102},[46,142918,507],{"class":60},[46,142920,141389],{"class":102},[46,142922,94],{"class":60},[46,142924,427],{"class":426},[46,142926,142927],{"class":430},"cd",[46,142929,427],{"class":426},[46,142931,68],{"class":60},[46,142933,71],{"class":64},[46,142935,5533],{"class":60},[46,142937,3846],{"class":3845},[283,142939,142941],{"id":142940},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142943,142944],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142946,16809],{},[37,142948,142950],{"className":39,"code":142949,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142951,142952],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142953,142954],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142955,142949],{"class":3845},[20,142957,16821],{},[37,142959,142961],{"className":39,"code":142960,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142962,142963,142975],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,142964,142965,142967,142969,142971,142973],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,142966,34856],{"class":52},[46,142968,57],{"class":56},[46,142970,438],{"class":426},[46,142972,7470],{"class":430},[46,142974,3544],{"class":426},[46,142976,142977,142979,142981,142983,142985,142987,142989,142991,142993,142995,142997,142999,143002,143004,143006],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,142978,91],{"class":90},[46,142980,94],{"class":60},[46,142982,34877],{"class":102},[46,142984,507],{"class":60},[46,142986,141389],{"class":102},[46,142988,5682],{"class":60},[46,142990,427],{"class":426},[46,142992,141500],{"class":430},[46,142994,427],{"class":426},[46,142996,68],{"class":60},[46,142998,438],{"class":426},[46,143000,143001],{"class":430},"Ja",[46,143003,427],{"class":426},[46,143005,51255],{"class":60},[46,143007,3846],{"class":3845},[20,143009,32250],{},[37,143011,143013],{"className":39,"code":143012,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143014,143015,143025,143039,143061,143087],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143016,143017,143019,143021,143023],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143018,91],{"class":90},[46,143020,94],{"class":60},[46,143022,34877],{"class":102},[46,143024,215],{"class":60},[46,143026,143027,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143028,91],{"class":90},[46,143030,94],{"class":60},[46,143032,1889],{"class":1270},[46,143034,94],{"class":60},[46,143036,34877],{"class":102},[46,143038,106],{"class":60},[46,143040,143041,143043,143045,143047,143049,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,143042,91],{"class":90},[46,143044,94],{"class":60},[46,143046,34877],{"class":102},[46,143048,507],{"class":60},[46,143050,141389],{"class":102},[46,143052,94],{"class":60},[46,143054,427],{"class":426},[46,143056,141500],{"class":430},[46,143058,427],{"class":426},[46,143060,106],{"class":60},[46,143062,143063,143065,143067,143069,143071,143073,143075,143077,143079,143081,143083,143085],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,143064,91],{"class":90},[46,143066,94],{"class":60},[46,143068,34877],{"class":102},[46,143070,507],{"class":60},[46,143072,1775],{"class":102},[46,143074,8809],{"class":60},[46,143076,141389],{"class":102},[46,143078,94],{"class":60},[46,143080,427],{"class":426},[46,143082,128759],{"class":430},[46,143084,427],{"class":426},[46,143086,106],{"class":60},[46,143088,143089,143091,143093,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105,143107,143109,143111,143113,143115],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,143090,91],{"class":90},[46,143092,94],{"class":60},[46,143094,34877],{"class":102},[46,143096,507],{"class":60},[46,143098,141389],{"class":102},[46,143100,5682],{"class":60},[46,143102,427],{"class":426},[46,143104,141500],{"class":430},[46,143106,427],{"class":426},[46,143108,68],{"class":60},[46,143110,438],{"class":426},[46,143112,143001],{"class":430},[46,143114,427],{"class":426},[46,143116,3099],{"class":60},[32,143118,1991],{"id":1990},[283,143120,12872,143122,128159],{"id":143121},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143123,127681],{},[20,143125,143126,143127,3065,143129,507],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143128,3787],{},[15,143130,3856],{},[283,143132,2005,143134,143136],{"id":143133},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143135,127681],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143138,143139],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[37,143141,143143],{"className":39,"code":143142,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143144,143145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143146,143147,143149,143151,143153,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163,143165,143167,143169],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143148,34877],{"class":52},[46,143150,507],{"class":60},[46,143152,141389],{"class":102},[46,143154,5682],{"class":60},[46,143156,427],{"class":426},[46,143158,501],{"class":430},[46,143160,427],{"class":426},[46,143162,68],{"class":60},[46,143164,438],{"class":426},[46,143166,4935],{"class":430},[46,143168,427],{"class":426},[46,143170,106],{"class":60},[283,143172,15069,143174,124649],{"id":143173},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143175,127681],{},[20,143177,129842],{},[283,143179,2048,143181,2051,143183,2035],{"id":143180},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143182,127681],{},[15,143184,1602],{},[20,143186,143187,143189,143190,143192],{},[15,143188,127681],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143191,1602],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[283,143194,28496,143196,2051,143198,8876,143200,2035],{"id":143195},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143197,36241],{},[15,143199,52823],{},[15,143201,127681],{},[20,143203,143204],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[32,143206,2065],{"id":2064},[172,143208,143209,143215,143221,143227,143231],{},[175,143210,143211],{},[501,143212,126313,143213,10910],{"href":129907},[15,143214,126371],{},[175,143216,143217],{},[501,143218,126313,143219,10910],{"href":124323},[15,143220,124308],{},[175,143222,143223],{},[501,143224,126313,143225,10910],{"href":124040},[15,143226,124043],{},[175,143228,143229],{},[501,143230,124712],{"href":123568},[175,143232,143233],{},[501,143234,125068],{"href":51139},[2103,143236,143237],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":143239},[143240,143242,143243,143249,143250,143252,143253,143254,143256,143266,143278],{"id":141435,"depth":87,"text":143241},"What startswith() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":141714,"depth":87,"text":141715,"children":143244},[143245,143246,143247,143248],{"id":141552,"depth":109,"text":141552},{"id":36241,"depth":109,"text":36241},{"id":52823,"depth":109,"text":52823},{"id":141881,"depth":109,"text":141882},{"id":17584,"depth":87,"text":17585},{"id":142059,"depth":87,"text":143251},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142213,"depth":87,"text":142214},{"id":123959,"depth":87,"text":123960},{"id":142515,"depth":87,"text":143255},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":143257},[143258,143259,143261,143263,143265],{"id":142621,"depth":109,"text":138753},{"id":142704,"depth":109,"text":143260},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142784,"depth":109,"text":143262},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142876,"depth":109,"text":143264},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142940,"depth":109,"text":142941},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":143267},[143268,143270,143272,143274,143276],{"id":143121,"depth":109,"text":143269},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143133,"depth":109,"text":143271},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143173,"depth":109,"text":143273},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143180,"depth":109,"text":143275},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143195,"depth":109,"text":143277},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141335,"description":143279},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143286,"title":143287,"body":143288,"description":144742,"extension":2150,"meta":144743,"navigation":112,"path":144744,"seo":144745,"stem":144746,"__hash__":144747},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143289,"toc":144712},[143290,143295,143300,143303,143305,143349,143351,143359,143364,143369,143374,143376,143394,143396,143442,143444,143458,143467,143471,143473,143475,143487,143492,143495,143527,143529,143538,143543,143546,143587,143589,143597,143599,143612,143618,143622,143625,143641,143643,143692,143694,143703,143706,143765,143767,143776,143783,143786,143839,143841,143865,143872,143878,143882,143888,143891,143902,143904,143944,143946,143954,143956,143996,143998,144007,144009,144027,144030,144037,144048,144051,144068,144070,144147,144149,144180,144183,144185,144188,144214,144216,144256,144258,144267,144277,144285,144293,144298,144303,144305,144319,144321,144372,144374,144383,144393,144395,144397,144419,144422,144501,144503,144539,144542,144617,144622,144624,144630,144635,144640,144643,144649,144652,144659,144667,144671,144679,144681,144709],[10,143291,123313,143293,11490],{"id":143292},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143294,41818],{},[20,143296,32485,143297,143299],{},[15,143298,41818],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143301,143302],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[32,143304,3792],{"id":3791},[37,143306,143308],{"className":39,"code":143307,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143309,143310,143323,143338],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143311,143312,143314,143316,143318,143321],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143313,34856],{"class":52},[46,143315,57],{"class":56},[46,143317,438],{"class":426},[46,143319,143320],{"class":430},"  hello  ",[46,143322,3544],{"class":426},[46,143324,143325,143328,143330,143332,143334,143336],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143326,143327],{"class":52},"clean_text ",[46,143329,57],{"class":56},[46,143331,43005],{"class":52},[46,143333,507],{"class":60},[46,143335,8806],{"class":102},[46,143337,8814],{"class":60},[46,143339,143340,143342,143344,143347],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,143341,91],{"class":90},[46,143343,94],{"class":60},[46,143345,143346],{"class":102},"clean_text",[46,143348,215],{"class":60},[20,143350,143],{},[37,143352,143353],{"className":39,"code":138628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,143354,143355],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143356,143357],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143358,138628],{"class":52},[20,143360,160,143361,143363],{},[15,143362,41818],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[32,143365,167,143367,170],{"id":143366},"what-strip-does",[15,143368,41818],{},[20,143370,143371,143373],{},[15,143372,41818],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143375,13219],{},[172,143377,143378,143382,143385,143388,143391],{},[175,143379,143380,131663],{},[15,143381,41818],{},[175,143383,143384],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[175,143386,143387],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[175,143389,143390],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[175,143392,143393],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143395,2393],{},[37,143397,143399],{"className":39,"code":143398,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143400,143401,143414,143418,143432],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143402,143403,143405,143407,143409,143412],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143404,34856],{"class":52},[46,143406,57],{"class":56},[46,143408,438],{"class":426},[46,143410,143411],{"class":430},"  hello world  ",[46,143413,3544],{"class":426},[46,143415,143416],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143417,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,143419,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143430],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,143421,91],{"class":90},[46,143423,94],{"class":60},[46,143425,34877],{"class":102},[46,143427,507],{"class":60},[46,143429,8806],{"class":102},[46,143431,7367],{"class":60},[46,143433,143434,143436,143438,143440],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,143435,91],{"class":90},[46,143437,94],{"class":60},[46,143439,34877],{"class":102},[46,143441,215],{"class":60},[20,143443,143],{},[37,143445,143447],{"className":39,"code":143446,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143448,143449,143453],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143450,143451],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143452,134329],{"class":52},[46,143454,143455],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143456,143457],{"class":52},"  hello world\n",[20,143459,143460,143461,143463,143464,143466],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143462,41818],{},", but the original ",[15,143465,34877],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143468,125065,143469,507],{},[501,143470,125068],{"href":51139},[32,143472,2343],{"id":2342},[20,143474,26655],{},[172,143476,143477,143482],{},[175,143478,143479],{},[15,143480,143481],{},"string.strip()",[175,143483,143484],{},[15,143485,143486],{},"string.strip(chars)",[283,143488,143490],{"id":143489},"stringstrip",[15,143491,143481],{},[20,143493,143494],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[37,143496,143498],{"className":39,"code":143497,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143499,143500,143513],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143501,143502,143504,143506,143508,143511],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143503,8047],{"class":52},[46,143505,57],{"class":56},[46,143507,438],{"class":426},[46,143509,143510],{"class":430},"  Alice  ",[46,143512,3544],{"class":426},[46,143514,143515,143517,143519,143521,143523,143525],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143516,91],{"class":90},[46,143518,94],{"class":60},[46,143520,1009],{"class":102},[46,143522,507],{"class":60},[46,143524,8806],{"class":102},[46,143526,7367],{"class":60},[20,143528,143],{},[37,143530,143532],{"className":39,"code":143531,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Alice\n",[15,143533,143534],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143535,143536],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143537,143531],{"class":52},[283,143539,143541],{"id":143540},"stringstripchars",[15,143542,143486],{},[20,143544,143545],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[37,143547,143549],{"className":39,"code":143548,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143550,143551,143564],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143552,143553,143555,143557,143559,143562],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143554,34856],{"class":52},[46,143556,57],{"class":56},[46,143558,438],{"class":426},[46,143560,143561],{"class":430},"!!hello??",[46,143563,3544],{"class":426},[46,143565,143566,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576,143578,143580,143583,143585],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143567,91],{"class":90},[46,143569,94],{"class":60},[46,143571,34877],{"class":102},[46,143573,507],{"class":60},[46,143575,8806],{"class":102},[46,143577,94],{"class":60},[46,143579,427],{"class":426},[46,143581,143582],{"class":430},"!?",[46,143584,427],{"class":426},[46,143586,106],{"class":60},[20,143588,143],{},[37,143590,143591],{"className":39,"code":138628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,143592,143593],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143594,143595],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143596,138628],{"class":52},[20,143598,83963],{},[172,143600,143601,143606],{},[175,143602,143603,143605],{},[15,143604,134572],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[175,143607,143608,143609,143611],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143610,134572],{}," does not matter",[32,143613,143615,143616],{"id":143614},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143617,41818],{},[20,143619,31053,143620,507],{},[15,143621,41818],{},[20,143623,143624],{},"It is useful for:",[172,143626,143627,143632,143635,143638],{},[175,143628,143629,143630,4064],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143631,3144],{},[175,143633,143634],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[175,143636,143637],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[175,143639,143640],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143642,48524],{},[37,143644,143646],{"className":39,"code":143645,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143647,143648,143661,143677,143681],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143649,143650,143652,143654,143656,143659],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143651,8132],{"class":52},[46,143653,57],{"class":56},[46,143655,438],{"class":426},[46,143657,143658],{"class":430},"  sam  ",[46,143660,3544],{"class":426},[46,143662,143663,143666,143668,143671,143673,143675],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143664,143665],{"class":52},"clean_username ",[46,143667,57],{"class":56},[46,143669,143670],{"class":52}," username",[46,143672,507],{"class":60},[46,143674,8806],{"class":102},[46,143676,8814],{"class":60},[46,143678,143679],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,143680,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,143682,143683,143685,143687,143690],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,143684,91],{"class":90},[46,143686,94],{"class":60},[46,143688,143689],{"class":102},"clean_username",[46,143691,215],{"class":60},[20,143693,143],{},[37,143695,143697],{"className":39,"code":143696,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sam\n",[15,143698,143699],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143700,143701],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143702,143696],{"class":52},[20,143704,143705],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[37,143707,143709],{"className":39,"code":143708,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143710,143711,143724,143728,143750],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143712,143713,143715,143717,143719,143722],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143714,136556],{"class":52},[46,143716,57],{"class":56},[46,143718,438],{"class":426},[46,143720,143721],{"class":430}," yes  ",[46,143723,3544],{"class":426},[46,143725,143726],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143727,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,143729,143730,143732,143734,143736,143738,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,143731,7170],{"class":1595},[46,143733,136576],{"class":52},[46,143735,507],{"class":60},[46,143737,8806],{"class":102},[46,143739,1277],{"class":60},[46,143741,6581],{"class":56},[46,143743,438],{"class":426},[46,143745,8829],{"class":430},[46,143747,427],{"class":426},[46,143749,6566],{"class":60},[46,143751,143752,143754,143756,143758,143761,143763],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,143753,8240],{"class":90},[46,143755,94],{"class":60},[46,143757,427],{"class":426},[46,143759,143760],{"class":430},"Matched",[46,143762,427],{"class":426},[46,143764,215],{"class":60},[20,143766,143],{},[37,143768,143770],{"className":39,"code":143769,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Matched\n",[15,143771,143772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143773,143774],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143775,143769],{"class":52},[20,143777,143778,143779,507],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[501,143780,143782],{"href":143781},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143784,143785],{},"Example with file-style text:",[37,143787,143789],{"className":39,"code":143788,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143790,143791,143807,143821],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143792,143793,143796,143798,143800,143803,143805],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143794,143795],{"class":52},"line ",[46,143797,57],{"class":56},[46,143799,438],{"class":426},[46,143801,143802],{"class":430},"Python basics",[46,143804,87111],{"class":34622},[46,143806,3544],{"class":426},[46,143808,143809,143811,143813,143815,143817,143819],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143810,91],{"class":90},[46,143812,94],{"class":60},[46,143814,41944],{"class":90},[46,143816,94],{"class":60},[46,143818,48],{"class":102},[46,143820,106],{"class":60},[46,143822,143823,143825,143827,143829,143831,143833,143835,143837],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,143824,91],{"class":90},[46,143826,94],{"class":60},[46,143828,41944],{"class":90},[46,143830,94],{"class":60},[46,143832,48],{"class":102},[46,143834,507],{"class":60},[46,143836,8806],{"class":102},[46,143838,6462],{"class":60},[20,143840,143],{},[37,143842,143844],{"className":39,"code":143843,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143845,143846,143857],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143847,143848,143850,143852,143855],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143849,1188],{"class":43492},[46,143851,143802],{"class":43496},[46,143853,87111],{"class":143854},"sfi6f",[46,143856,29867],{"class":43492},[46,143858,143859,143861,143863],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143860,1188],{"class":43492},[46,143862,143802],{"class":43496},[46,143864,29867],{"class":43492},[20,143866,578,143867,143869,143870,507],{},[15,143868,122527],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143871,87111],{},[20,143873,143874,143875,507],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[501,143876,143877],{"href":87764},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[32,143879,143881],{"id":143880},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143883,143884,143885,507],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143886,143887],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143889,143890],{},"Python will:",[172,143892,143893,143896,143899],{},[175,143894,143895],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[175,143897,143898],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[175,143900,143901],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143903,2393],{},[37,143905,143907],{"className":39,"code":143906,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143908,143909,143922],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143910,143911,143913,143915,143917,143920],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143912,34856],{"class":52},[46,143914,57],{"class":56},[46,143916,438],{"class":426},[46,143918,143919],{"class":430},"??hello!!",[46,143921,3544],{"class":426},[46,143923,143924,143926,143928,143930,143932,143934,143936,143938,143940,143942],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143925,91],{"class":90},[46,143927,94],{"class":60},[46,143929,34877],{"class":102},[46,143931,507],{"class":60},[46,143933,8806],{"class":102},[46,143935,94],{"class":60},[46,143937,427],{"class":426},[46,143939,143582],{"class":430},[46,143941,427],{"class":426},[46,143943,106],{"class":60},[20,143945,143],{},[37,143947,143948],{"className":39,"code":138628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,143949,143950],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143951,143952],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143953,138628],{"class":52},[20,143955,52243],{},[37,143957,143959],{"className":39,"code":143958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143960,143961,143974],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,143962,143963,143965,143967,143969,143972],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,143964,34856],{"class":52},[46,143966,57],{"class":56},[46,143968,438],{"class":426},[46,143970,143971],{"class":430},"abcHelloCba",[46,143973,3544],{"class":426},[46,143975,143976,143978,143980,143982,143984,143986,143988,143990,143992,143994],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,143977,91],{"class":90},[46,143979,94],{"class":60},[46,143981,34877],{"class":102},[46,143983,507],{"class":60},[46,143985,8806],{"class":102},[46,143987,94],{"class":60},[46,143989,427],{"class":426},[46,143991,41725],{"class":430},[46,143993,427],{"class":426},[46,143995,106],{"class":60},[20,143997,143],{},[37,143999,144001],{"className":39,"code":144000,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HelloC\n",[15,144002,144003],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144004,144005],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144006,144000],{"class":52},[20,144008,6407],{},[20,144010,144011,14221,144014,144016,144017,144019,144020,2374,144022,2378,144024,144026],{},[15,144012,144013],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3924,144015,4805],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144018,41725],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144021,501],{},[15,144023,4935],{},[15,144025,9908],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144028,144029],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144031,144032,144033,6803],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[501,144034,144035],{"href":129894},[15,144036,124484],{},[32,144038,144040,10755,144042,10755,144045],{"id":144039},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144041,41818],{},[15,144043,144044],{},"lstrip()",[15,144046,144047],{},"rstrip()",[20,144049,144050],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[172,144052,144053,144058,144063],{},[175,144054,144055,144057],{},[15,144056,41818],{}," removes from both ends",[175,144059,144060,144062],{},[15,144061,144044],{}," removes from the left side only",[175,144064,144065,144067],{},[15,144066,144047],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144069,2393],{},[37,144071,144073],{"className":39,"code":144072,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144074,144075,144087,144091,144109,144128],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144076,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144078,34856],{"class":52},[46,144080,57],{"class":56},[46,144082,438],{"class":426},[46,144084,143320],{"class":430},[46,144086,3544],{"class":426},[46,144088,144089],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144090,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,144092,144093,144095,144097,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144094,91],{"class":90},[46,144096,94],{"class":60},[46,144098,41944],{"class":90},[46,144100,94],{"class":60},[46,144102,34877],{"class":102},[46,144104,507],{"class":60},[46,144106,8806],{"class":102},[46,144108,6462],{"class":60},[46,144110,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144126],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,144112,91],{"class":90},[46,144114,94],{"class":60},[46,144116,41944],{"class":90},[46,144118,94],{"class":60},[46,144120,34877],{"class":102},[46,144122,507],{"class":60},[46,144124,144125],{"class":102},"lstrip",[46,144127,6462],{"class":60},[46,144129,144130,144132,144134,144136,144138,144140,144142,144145],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,144131,91],{"class":90},[46,144133,94],{"class":60},[46,144135,41944],{"class":90},[46,144137,94],{"class":60},[46,144139,34877],{"class":102},[46,144141,507],{"class":60},[46,144143,144144],{"class":102},"rstrip",[46,144146,6462],{"class":60},[20,144148,143],{},[37,144150,144152],{"className":39,"code":144151,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144153,144154,144162,144171],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144155,144156,144158,144160],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144157,1188],{"class":43492},[46,144159,4027],{"class":43496},[46,144161,29867],{"class":43492},[46,144163,144164,144166,144169],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144165,1188],{"class":43492},[46,144167,144168],{"class":43496},"hello  ",[46,144170,29867],{"class":43492},[46,144172,144173,144175,144178],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144174,1188],{"class":43492},[46,144176,144177],{"class":43496},"  hello",[46,144179,29867],{"class":43492},[20,144181,144182],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[32,144184,108321],{"id":108320},[20,144186,144187],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[172,144189,144190,144198,144208,144211],{},[175,144191,144192,144194,144195,144197],{},[15,144193,144013],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144196,41694],{}," once",[175,144199,144200,144201,2374,144203,2378,144205,144207],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144202,501],{},[15,144204,4935],{},[15,144206,9908],{}," from both ends",[175,144209,144210],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[175,144212,144213],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144215,2393],{},[37,144217,144219],{"className":39,"code":144218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144220,144221,144234],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144222,144223,144225,144227,144229,144232],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144224,126396],{"class":52},[46,144226,57],{"class":56},[46,144228,438],{"class":426},[46,144230,144231],{"class":430},"txt_report.txt",[46,144233,3544],{"class":426},[46,144235,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246,144248,144250,144252,144254],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144237,91],{"class":90},[46,144239,94],{"class":60},[46,144241,126414],{"class":102},[46,144243,507],{"class":60},[46,144245,8806],{"class":102},[46,144247,94],{"class":60},[46,144249,427],{"class":426},[46,144251,126449],{"class":430},[46,144253,427],{"class":426},[46,144255,106],{"class":60},[20,144257,143],{},[37,144259,144261],{"className":39,"code":144260,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"_report\n",[15,144262,144263],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144264,144265],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144266,144260],{"class":52},[20,144268,144269,144270,2374,144272,2378,144274,144276],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144271,507],{},[15,144273,63447],{},[15,144275,1589],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144278,53816,144279,4958,144282,144284],{},[15,144280,144281],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3924,144283,4805],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144286,144287,144288,144292],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[501,144289,144290],{"href":129894},[15,144291,124484],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[32,144294,1794,144296],{"id":144295},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144297,41818],{},[20,144299,160,144300,144302],{},[15,144301,41818],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144304,36595],{},[172,144306,144307,144311,144313,144316],{},[175,144308,143629,144309,4064],{},[15,144310,3144],{},[175,144312,143634],{},[175,144314,144315],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[175,144317,144318],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144320,2393],{},[37,144322,144324],{"className":39,"code":144323,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144325,144326,144340,144344,144357],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144327,144328,144331,144333,144335,144338],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144329,144330],{"class":52},"email ",[46,144332,57],{"class":56},[46,144334,438],{"class":426},[46,144336,144337],{"class":430},"  user@example.com  ",[46,144339,3544],{"class":426},[46,144341,144342],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144343,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,144345,144346,144348,144351,144353,144355],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144347,7170],{"class":1595},[46,144349,144350],{"class":52}," email",[46,144352,507],{"class":60},[46,144354,8806],{"class":102},[46,144356,21762],{"class":60},[46,144358,144359,144361,144363,144365,144368,144370],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,144360,8240],{"class":90},[46,144362,94],{"class":60},[46,144364,427],{"class":426},[46,144366,144367],{"class":430},"Email was entered",[46,144369,427],{"class":426},[46,144371,215],{"class":60},[20,144373,143],{},[37,144375,144377],{"className":39,"code":144376,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Email was entered\n",[15,144378,144379],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144380,144381],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144382,144376],{"class":52},[20,144384,144385,144386,144388,144389,507],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144387,41818],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[501,144390,144391],{"href":124040},[15,144392,124043],{},[32,144394,1834],{"id":1833},[20,144396,1837],{},[172,144398,144399,144403,144408,144413],{},[175,144400,1853,144401,131533],{},[15,144402,41818],{},[175,144404,1853,144405,144407],{},[15,144406,41818],{}," to remove text from the middle",[175,144409,578,144410,144412],{},[15,144411,144281],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[175,144414,1859,144415,144418],{},[15,144416,144417],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144420,144421],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[37,144423,144425],{"className":39,"code":144424,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144426,144427,144441,144445,144455,144469,144483],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144428,144429,144431,144433,144435,144437,144439],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144430,34856],{"class":52},[46,144432,57],{"class":56},[46,144434,438],{"class":426},[46,144436,144177],{"class":430},[46,144438,87111],{"class":34622},[46,144440,3544],{"class":426},[46,144442,144443],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144444,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,144446,144447,144449,144451,144453],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144448,91],{"class":90},[46,144450,94],{"class":60},[46,144452,34877],{"class":102},[46,144454,215],{"class":60},[46,144456,144457,144459,144461,144463,144465,144467],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,144458,91],{"class":90},[46,144460,94],{"class":60},[46,144462,41944],{"class":90},[46,144464,94],{"class":60},[46,144466,34877],{"class":102},[46,144468,106],{"class":60},[46,144470,144471,144473,144475,144477,144479,144481],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,144472,91],{"class":90},[46,144474,94],{"class":60},[46,144476,34877],{"class":102},[46,144478,507],{"class":60},[46,144480,8806],{"class":102},[46,144482,7367],{"class":60},[46,144484,144485,144487,144489,144491,144493,144495,144497,144499],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,144486,91],{"class":90},[46,144488,94],{"class":60},[46,144490,41944],{"class":90},[46,144492,94],{"class":60},[46,144494,34877],{"class":102},[46,144496,507],{"class":60},[46,144498,8806],{"class":102},[46,144500,6462],{"class":60},[20,144502,143],{},[37,144504,144506],{"className":39,"code":144505,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144507,144508,144513,144517,144527,144531],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144509,144510],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144511,144512],{"class":52},"  hello\n",[46,144514,144515],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144516,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,144518,144519,144521,144523,144525],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144520,1188],{"class":43492},[46,144522,144177],{"class":43496},[46,144524,87111],{"class":143854},[46,144526,29867],{"class":43492},[46,144528,144529],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,144530,138628],{"class":52},[46,144532,144533,144535,144537],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,144534,1188],{"class":43492},[46,144536,4027],{"class":43496},[46,144538,29867],{"class":43492},[20,144540,144541],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[37,144543,144545],{"className":39,"code":144544,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144546,144547,144557,144571,144585,144603],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144548,144549,144551,144553,144555],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144550,91],{"class":90},[46,144552,94],{"class":60},[46,144554,34877],{"class":102},[46,144556,215],{"class":60},[46,144558,144559,144561,144563,144565,144567,144569],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144560,91],{"class":90},[46,144562,94],{"class":60},[46,144564,41944],{"class":90},[46,144566,94],{"class":60},[46,144568,34877],{"class":102},[46,144570,106],{"class":60},[46,144572,144573,144575,144577,144579,144581,144583],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144574,91],{"class":90},[46,144576,94],{"class":60},[46,144578,34877],{"class":102},[46,144580,507],{"class":60},[46,144582,8806],{"class":102},[46,144584,7367],{"class":60},[46,144586,144587,144589,144591,144593,144595,144597,144599,144601],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,144588,91],{"class":90},[46,144590,94],{"class":60},[46,144592,41944],{"class":90},[46,144594,94],{"class":60},[46,144596,34877],{"class":102},[46,144598,507],{"class":60},[46,144600,8806],{"class":102},[46,144602,6462],{"class":60},[46,144604,144605,144607,144609,144611,144613,144615],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,144606,32320],{"class":90},[46,144608,94],{"class":60},[46,144610,1769],{"class":1270},[46,144612,507],{"class":60},[46,144614,8806],{"class":1774},[46,144616,215],{"class":60},[20,144618,144619,144621],{},[15,144620,122527],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[32,144623,1991],{"id":1990},[283,144625,12872,144627,144629],{"id":144626},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144628,41818],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144631,46530,144632,144634],{},[15,144633,41818],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[283,144636,12872,144638,124640],{"id":144637},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144639,41818],{},[20,144641,144642],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[283,144644,1995,144646,144648],{"id":144645},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144647,41818],{}," remove by default?",[20,144650,144651],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[283,144653,34374,144655,34377,144657,2035],{"id":144654},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144656,41818],{},[15,144658,124484],{},[20,144660,144661,144663,144664,144666],{},[15,144662,41818],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144665,124484],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[283,144668,144670],{"id":144669},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144672,128186,144673,144675,144676,144678],{},[15,144674,144044],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144677,144047],{}," for the right side.",[32,144680,2065],{"id":2064},[172,144682,144683,144689,144695,144700,144705],{},[175,144684,144685],{},[501,144686,126313,144687,10910],{"href":124040},[15,144688,124043],{},[175,144690,144691],{},[501,144692,126313,144693,10910],{"href":129894},[15,144694,124484],{},[175,144696,144697],{},[501,144698,144699],{"href":143781},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[175,144701,144702],{},[501,144703,144704],{"href":87764},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[175,144706,144707],{},[501,144708,125068],{"href":51139},[2103,144710,144711],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":144713},[144714,144715,144717,144721,144723,144724,144726,144727,144729,144730,144741],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":143366,"depth":87,"text":144716},"What strip() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":144718},[144719,144720],{"id":143489,"depth":109,"text":143481},{"id":143540,"depth":109,"text":143486},{"id":143614,"depth":87,"text":144722},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143880,"depth":87,"text":143881},{"id":144039,"depth":87,"text":144725},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108320,"depth":87,"text":108321},{"id":144295,"depth":87,"text":144728},"When to use strip()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":144731},[144732,144734,144736,144738,144740],{"id":144626,"depth":109,"text":144733},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144637,"depth":109,"text":144735},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144645,"depth":109,"text":144737},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144654,"depth":109,"text":144739},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144669,"depth":109,"text":144670},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143287,"description":144742},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144749,"title":144750,"body":144751,"description":145931,"extension":2150,"meta":145932,"navigation":112,"path":145933,"seo":145934,"stem":145935,"__hash__":145936},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144752,"toc":145901},[144753,144758,144763,144768,144770,144816,144824,144829,144843,144849,144851,144853,144868,144870,144880,144883,144914,144917,144940,144942,144945,145002,145004,145018,145020,145034,145040,145045,145048,145089,145091,145100,145108,145111,145156,145158,145167,145170,145174,145179,145193,145195,145227,145229,145249,145252,145257,145262,145264,145275,145278,145335,145337,145345,145354,145356,145358,145364,145366,145403,145405,145413,145415,145456,145458,145467,145472,145477,145479,145506,145513,145516,145547,145549,145558,145564,145573,145604,145606,145618,145631,145635,145640,145670,145672,145739,145741,145751,145753,145758,145761,145766,145771,145775,145781,145787,145790,145792,145850,145852,145860,145862,145898],[10,144754,123313,144756,11490],{"id":144755},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144757,128191],{},[20,144759,123318,144760,144762],{},[15,144761,128191],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144764,27,144765,144767],{},[15,144766,128191],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[32,144769,35],{"id":34},[37,144771,144773],{"className":39,"code":144772,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144774,144775,144787,144801,144811],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144776,144777,144779,144781,144783,144785],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144778,34856],{"class":52},[46,144780,57],{"class":56},[46,144782,438],{"class":426},[46,144784,129032],{"class":430},[46,144786,3544],{"class":426},[46,144788,144789,144791,144793,144795,144797,144799],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144790,2416],{"class":52},[46,144792,57],{"class":56},[46,144794,43005],{"class":52},[46,144796,507],{"class":60},[46,144798,34646],{"class":102},[46,144800,8814],{"class":60},[46,144802,144803,144805,144807,144809],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144804,91],{"class":90},[46,144806,94],{"class":60},[46,144808,2451],{"class":102},[46,144810,215],{"class":60},[46,144812,144813],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,144814,144815],{"class":3845},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144817,144818,144820,144821,144823],{},[15,144819,128191],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3924,144822,4805],{}," change the original string in place.",[32,144825,167,144827,170],{"id":144826},"what-upper-does",[15,144828,128191],{},[172,144830,144831,144836,144839,144841],{},[175,144832,144833,144835],{},[15,144834,128191],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[175,144837,144838],{},"It works on string values only",[175,144840,133561],{},[175,144842,136279],{},[20,144844,125065,144845,3065,144847,507],{},[501,144846,136285],{"href":136284},[501,144848,125068],{"href":51139},[32,144850,2343],{"id":2342},[20,144852,2346],{},[37,144854,144856],{"className":39,"code":144855,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"string.upper()\n",[15,144857,144858],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144859,144860,144862,144864,144866],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144861,61334],{"class":52},[46,144863,507],{"class":60},[46,144865,34646],{"class":102},[46,144867,8814],{"class":60},[20,144869,888],{},[172,144871,144872,144874,144877],{},[175,144873,97486],{},[175,144875,144876],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[175,144878,144879],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144881,144882],{},"Example with a variable:",[37,144884,144886],{"className":39,"code":144885,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144887,144888,144900],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144889,144890,144892,144894,144896,144898],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144891,8047],{"class":52},[46,144893,57],{"class":56},[46,144895,438],{"class":426},[46,144897,41],{"class":430},[46,144899,3544],{"class":426},[46,144901,144902,144904,144906,144908,144910,144912],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144903,91],{"class":90},[46,144905,94],{"class":60},[46,144907,1009],{"class":102},[46,144909,507],{"class":60},[46,144911,34646],{"class":102},[46,144913,7367],{"class":60},[20,144915,144916],{},"Example with a string literal:",[37,144918,144920],{"className":39,"code":144919,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144921,144922],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144923,144924,144926,144928,144930,144932,144934,144936,144938],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144925,91],{"class":90},[46,144927,94],{"class":60},[46,144929,427],{"class":426},[46,144931,4027],{"class":430},[46,144933,427],{"class":426},[46,144935,507],{"class":60},[46,144937,34646],{"class":102},[46,144939,7367],{"class":60},[32,144941,11643],{"id":11642},[20,144943,144944],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[37,144946,144948],{"className":39,"code":144947,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144949,144950,144962,144977,144981,144991],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,144951,144952,144954,144956,144958,144960],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,144953,6326],{"class":52},[46,144955,57],{"class":56},[46,144957,438],{"class":426},[46,144959,450],{"class":430},[46,144961,3544],{"class":426},[46,144963,144964,144967,144969,144971,144973,144975],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,144965,144966],{"class":52},"uppercase_word ",[46,144968,57],{"class":56},[46,144970,38546],{"class":52},[46,144972,507],{"class":60},[46,144974,34646],{"class":102},[46,144976,8814],{"class":60},[46,144978,144979],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,144980,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,144982,144983,144985,144987,144989],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,144984,91],{"class":90},[46,144986,94],{"class":60},[46,144988,38556],{"class":102},[46,144990,215],{"class":60},[46,144992,144993,144995,144997,145000],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,144994,91],{"class":90},[46,144996,94],{"class":60},[46,144998,144999],{"class":102},"uppercase_word",[46,145001,215],{"class":60},[20,145003,143],{},[37,145005,145007],{"className":39,"code":145006,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145008,145009,145013],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145010,145011],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145012,70565],{"class":52},[46,145014,145015],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145016,145017],{"class":34622},"BANANA\n",[20,145019,112427],{},[172,145021,145022,145027],{},[175,145023,145024,145026],{},[15,145025,38556],{}," keeps its original value",[175,145028,145029,145031,145032],{},[15,145030,144999],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145033,128191],{},[32,145035,145037,145039],{"id":145036},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145038,128191],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145041,136945,145042,145044],{},[3924,145043,136948],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145046,145047],{},"So this method:",[37,145049,145051],{"className":39,"code":145050,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145052,145053,145065,145075,145079],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145054,145055,145057,145059,145061,145063],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145056,8047],{"class":52},[46,145058,57],{"class":56},[46,145060,438],{"class":426},[46,145062,17970],{"class":430},[46,145064,3544],{"class":426},[46,145066,145067,145069,145071,145073],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145068,1009],{"class":52},[46,145070,507],{"class":60},[46,145072,34646],{"class":102},[46,145074,8814],{"class":60},[46,145076,145077],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,145078,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,145080,145081,145083,145085,145087],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,145082,91],{"class":90},[46,145084,94],{"class":60},[46,145086,1009],{"class":102},[46,145088,215],{"class":60},[20,145090,143],{},[37,145092,145094],{"className":39,"code":145093,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"alice\n",[15,145095,145096],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145097,145098],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145099,145093],{"class":52},[20,145101,21145,145102,145104,145105,145107],{},[15,145103,128191],{}," was called, ",[15,145106,1009],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145109,145110],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[37,145112,145114],{"className":39,"code":145113,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145115,145116,145128,145142,145146],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145117,145118,145120,145122,145124,145126],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145119,8047],{"class":52},[46,145121,57],{"class":56},[46,145123,438],{"class":426},[46,145125,17970],{"class":430},[46,145127,3544],{"class":426},[46,145129,145130,145132,145134,145136,145138,145140],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145131,8047],{"class":52},[46,145133,57],{"class":56},[46,145135,36160],{"class":52},[46,145137,507],{"class":60},[46,145139,34646],{"class":102},[46,145141,8814],{"class":60},[46,145143,145144],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,145145,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,145147,145148,145150,145152,145154],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,145149,91],{"class":90},[46,145151,94],{"class":60},[46,145153,1009],{"class":102},[46,145155,215],{"class":60},[20,145157,143],{},[37,145159,145161],{"className":39,"code":145160,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ALICE\n",[15,145162,145163],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145164,145165],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145166,145160],{"class":34622},[20,145168,145169],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[32,145171,145173],{"id":145172},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145175,145176,145178],{},[15,145177,128191],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[172,145180,145181,145184,145187,145190],{},[175,145182,145183],{},"Numbers stay the same",[175,145185,145186],{},"Spaces stay the same",[175,145188,145189],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[175,145191,145192],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145194,2393],{},[37,145196,145198],{"className":39,"code":145197,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145199,145200,145213],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145201,145202,145204,145206,145208,145211],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145203,34856],{"class":52},[46,145205,57],{"class":56},[46,145207,438],{"class":426},[46,145209,145210],{"class":430},"Room 7, table #3!",[46,145212,3544],{"class":426},[46,145214,145215,145217,145219,145221,145223,145225],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145216,91],{"class":90},[46,145218,94],{"class":60},[46,145220,34877],{"class":102},[46,145222,507],{"class":60},[46,145224,34646],{"class":102},[46,145226,7367],{"class":60},[20,145228,143],{},[37,145230,145232],{"className":39,"code":145231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145233,145234],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145235,145236,145239,145241,145243,145246],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145237,145238],{"class":34622},"ROOM",[46,145240,6165],{"class":64},[46,145242,68],{"class":60},[46,145244,145245],{"class":34622}," TABLE",[46,145247,145248],{"class":3845}," #3!\n",[20,145250,145251],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[32,145253,1794,145255],{"id":145254},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145256,128191],{},[20,145258,145259,145261],{},[15,145260,128191],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145263,48502],{},[172,145265,145266,145269,145272],{},[175,145267,145268],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[175,145270,145271],{},"Format labels or headings",[175,145273,145274],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145276,145277],{},"Example: simple comparison",[37,145279,145281],{"className":39,"code":145280,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145282,145283,145295,145299,145321],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145284,145285,145287,145289,145291,145293],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145286,136556],{"class":52},[46,145288,57],{"class":56},[46,145290,438],{"class":426},[46,145292,8829],{"class":430},[46,145294,3544],{"class":426},[46,145296,145297],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145298,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,145300,145301,145303,145305,145307,145309,145311,145313,145315,145317,145319],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,145302,7170],{"class":1595},[46,145304,136576],{"class":52},[46,145306,507],{"class":60},[46,145308,34646],{"class":102},[46,145310,1277],{"class":60},[46,145312,6581],{"class":56},[46,145314,438],{"class":426},[46,145316,136563],{"class":430},[46,145318,427],{"class":426},[46,145320,6566],{"class":60},[46,145322,145323,145325,145327,145329,145331,145333],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,145324,8240],{"class":90},[46,145326,94],{"class":60},[46,145328,427],{"class":426},[46,145330,143760],{"class":430},[46,145332,427],{"class":426},[46,145334,215],{"class":60},[20,145336,143],{},[37,145338,145339],{"className":39,"code":143769,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,145340,145341],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145342,145343],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145344,143769],{"class":52},[20,145346,145347,145348,2374,145350,2378,145352,507],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145349,8829],{},[15,145351,137349],{},[15,145353,136563],{},[32,145355,1834],{"id":1833},[283,145357,95847],{"id":95846},[20,145359,8288,145360,145363],{},[15,145361,145362],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145365,16809],{},[37,145367,145369],{"className":39,"code":145368,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145370,145371,145383,145393],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145372,145373,145375,145377,145379,145381],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145374,34856],{"class":52},[46,145376,57],{"class":56},[46,145378,438],{"class":426},[46,145380,4027],{"class":430},[46,145382,3544],{"class":426},[46,145384,145385,145387,145389,145391],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145386,34877],{"class":52},[46,145388,507],{"class":60},[46,145390,34646],{"class":102},[46,145392,8814],{"class":60},[46,145394,145395,145397,145399,145401],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,145396,91],{"class":90},[46,145398,94],{"class":60},[46,145400,34877],{"class":102},[46,145402,215],{"class":60},[20,145404,143],{},[37,145406,145407],{"className":39,"code":138628,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,145408,145409],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145410,145411],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145412,138628],{"class":52},[20,145414,16821],{},[37,145416,145418],{"className":39,"code":145417,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145419,145420,145432,145446],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145421,145422,145424,145426,145428,145430],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145423,34856],{"class":52},[46,145425,57],{"class":56},[46,145427,438],{"class":426},[46,145429,4027],{"class":430},[46,145431,3544],{"class":426},[46,145433,145434,145436,145438,145440,145442,145444],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145435,34856],{"class":52},[46,145437,57],{"class":56},[46,145439,43005],{"class":52},[46,145441,507],{"class":60},[46,145443,34646],{"class":102},[46,145445,8814],{"class":60},[46,145447,145448,145450,145452,145454],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,145449,91],{"class":90},[46,145451,94],{"class":60},[46,145453,34877],{"class":102},[46,145455,215],{"class":60},[20,145457,143],{},[37,145459,145461],{"className":39,"code":145460,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HELLO\n",[15,145462,145463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145464,145465],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145466,145460],{"class":34622},[283,145468,19075,145470,137235],{"id":145469},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145471,128191],{},[20,145473,145474,145476],{},[15,145475,128191],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145478,2393],{},[37,145480,145482],{"className":39,"code":145481,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145483,145484,145492],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145485,145486,145488,145490],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145487,2403],{"class":52},[46,145489,57],{"class":56},[46,145491,124995],{"class":64},[46,145493,145494,145496,145498,145500,145502,145504],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145495,91],{"class":90},[46,145497,94],{"class":60},[46,145499,2426],{"class":102},[46,145501,507],{"class":60},[46,145503,34646],{"class":102},[46,145505,7367],{"class":60},[20,145507,39819,145508,145510,145511,33769],{},[15,145509,1584],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145512,128191],{},[20,145514,145515],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[37,145517,145519],{"className":39,"code":145518,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145520,145521,145529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145522,145523,145525,145527],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145524,2403],{"class":52},[46,145526,57],{"class":56},[46,145528,124995],{"class":64},[46,145530,145531,145533,145535,145537,145539,145541,145543,145545],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145532,91],{"class":90},[46,145534,94],{"class":60},[46,145536,1769],{"class":1270},[46,145538,94],{"class":60},[46,145540,2426],{"class":102},[46,145542,8803],{"class":60},[46,145544,34646],{"class":102},[46,145546,7367],{"class":60},[20,145548,143],{},[37,145550,145552],{"className":39,"code":145551,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"123\n",[15,145553,145554],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145555,145556],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145557,145551],{"class":64},[283,145559,37372,145561,145563],{"id":145560},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145562,128191],{}," with title case",[20,145565,145566,145568,145569,145572],{},[15,145567,128191],{}," makes ",[3924,145570,145571],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[37,145574,145576],{"className":39,"code":145575,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145577,145578,145590],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145579,145580,145582,145584,145586,145588],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145581,34856],{"class":52},[46,145583,57],{"class":56},[46,145585,438],{"class":426},[46,145587,60566],{"class":430},[46,145589,3544],{"class":426},[46,145591,145592,145594,145596,145598,145600,145602],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145593,91],{"class":90},[46,145595,94],{"class":60},[46,145597,34877],{"class":102},[46,145599,507],{"class":60},[46,145601,34646],{"class":102},[46,145603,7367],{"class":60},[20,145605,143],{},[37,145607,145609],{"className":39,"code":145608,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145610,145611],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145612,145613,145615],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145614,136337],{"class":34622},[46,145616,145617],{"class":34622}," WORLD\n",[20,145619,145620,145621,145625,145626,145630],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[501,145622,145623],{"href":124040},[15,145624,124043],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[501,145627,145628],{"href":129894},[15,145629,124484],{}," changes parts of a string.",[32,145632,145634],{"id":145633},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145636,145637,145638,198],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145639,128191],{},[172,145641,145642,145649,145656,145663],{},[175,145643,145644,145648],{},[501,145645,145646],{"href":124040},[15,145647,124043],{}," for lowercase text",[175,145650,145651,145655],{},[501,145652,145653],{"href":136883},[15,145654,41818],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[175,145657,145658,145662],{},[501,145659,145660],{"href":129894},[15,145661,124484],{}," for changing parts of a string",[175,145664,145665,2051,145667,145669],{},[15,145666,127681],{},[15,145668,126371],{}," for checks",[20,145671,2393],{},[37,145673,145675],{"className":39,"code":145674,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145676,145677,145689,145693,145708,145724,145728],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145678,145679,145681,145683,145685,145687],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145680,34856],{"class":52},[46,145682,57],{"class":56},[46,145684,438],{"class":426},[46,145686,143411],{"class":430},[46,145688,3544],{"class":426},[46,145690,145691],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145692,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,145694,145695,145698,145700,145702,145704,145706],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,145696,145697],{"class":52},"cleaned ",[46,145699,57],{"class":56},[46,145701,43005],{"class":52},[46,145703,507],{"class":60},[46,145705,8806],{"class":102},[46,145707,8814],{"class":60},[46,145709,145710,145713,145715,145718,145720,145722],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,145711,145712],{"class":52},"loud ",[46,145714,57],{"class":56},[46,145716,145717],{"class":52}," cleaned",[46,145719,507],{"class":60},[46,145721,34646],{"class":102},[46,145723,8814],{"class":60},[46,145725,145726],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,145727,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,145729,145730,145732,145734,145737],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,145731,91],{"class":90},[46,145733,94],{"class":60},[46,145735,145736],{"class":102},"loud",[46,145738,215],{"class":60},[20,145740,143],{},[37,145742,145743],{"className":39,"code":145608,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,145744,145745],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145746,145747,145749],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145748,136337],{"class":34622},[46,145750,145617],{"class":34622},[32,145752,1991],{"id":1990},[283,145754,12872,145756,124640],{"id":145755},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145757,128191],{},[20,145759,145760],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[283,145762,12872,145764,137617],{"id":145763},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145765,128191],{},[20,145767,145768,145769,507],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145770,145362],{},[283,145772,145774],{"id":145773},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145776,145777,145778,145780],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145779,128191],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[283,145782,28496,145784,145786],{"id":145783},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145785,128191],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145788,145789],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145791,2393],{},[37,145793,145795],{"className":39,"code":145794,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145796,145797,145809,145822,145826],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145798,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145800,2741],{"class":52},[46,145802,57],{"class":56},[46,145804,438],{"class":426},[46,145806,41],{"class":430},[46,145808,3544],{"class":426},[46,145810,145811,145813,145815,145817,145820],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145812,2769],{"class":52},[46,145814,57],{"class":56},[46,145816,438],{"class":426},[46,145818,145819],{"class":430},"PYTHON",[46,145821,3544],{"class":426},[46,145823,145824],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,145825,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,145827,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,145829,91],{"class":90},[46,145831,94],{"class":60},[46,145833,501],{"class":102},[46,145835,507],{"class":60},[46,145837,34646],{"class":102},[46,145839,1277],{"class":60},[46,145841,6581],{"class":56},[46,145843,2746],{"class":102},[46,145845,507],{"class":60},[46,145847,34646],{"class":102},[46,145849,7367],{"class":60},[20,145851,143],{},[37,145853,145854],{"className":39,"code":4157,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,145855,145856],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145857,145858],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145859,4157],{"class":1325},[32,145861,2065],{"id":2064},[172,145863,145864,145868,145874,145880,145886,145890,145894],{},[175,145865,145866],{},[501,145867,125068],{"href":51139},[175,145869,145870],{},[501,145871,126313,145872,10910],{"href":124040},[15,145873,124043],{},[175,145875,145876],{},[501,145877,126313,145878,10910],{"href":136883},[15,145879,41818],{},[175,145881,145882],{},[501,145883,126313,145884,10910],{"href":129894},[15,145885,124484],{},[175,145887,145888],{},[501,145889,90641],{"href":89650},[175,145891,145892],{},[501,145893,124712],{"href":123568},[175,145895,145896],{},[501,145897,137703],{"href":136284},[2103,145899,145900],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":145902},[145903,145904,145906,145907,145908,145910,145911,145913,145920,145921,145930],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":144826,"depth":87,"text":145905},"What upper() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":145036,"depth":87,"text":145909},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145172,"depth":87,"text":145173},{"id":145254,"depth":87,"text":145912},"When to use upper()",{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":145914},[145915,145916,145918],{"id":95846,"depth":109,"text":95847},{"id":145469,"depth":109,"text":145917},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145560,"depth":109,"text":145919},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145633,"depth":87,"text":145634},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":145922},[145923,145925,145927,145928],{"id":145755,"depth":109,"text":145924},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145763,"depth":109,"text":145926},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145773,"depth":109,"text":145774},{"id":145783,"depth":109,"text":145929},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144750,"description":145931},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145938,"title":145939,"body":145940,"description":147817,"extension":2150,"meta":147818,"navigation":112,"path":147819,"seo":147820,"stem":147821,"__hash__":147822},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145941,"toc":147767},[145942,145948,145955,145961,145963,146019,146024,146029,146034,146037,146056,146059,146061,146085,146103,146114,146116,146119,146172,146174,146182,146184,146202,146207,146210,146267,146269,146278,146281,146301,146304,146310,146315,146317,146360,146362,146370,146373,146414,146416,146425,146431,146437,146464,146466,146474,146479,146483,146495,146538,146540,146548,146553,146559,146564,146568,146570,146613,146616,146663,146665,146674,146681,146685,146688,146734,146739,146743,146745,146788,146791,146799,146801,146806,146808,146810,146829,146832,146844,146846,146865,146867,146875,146879,146881,146932,146935,147010,147012,147020,147023,147027,147029,147076,147079,147150,147152,147160,147166,147168,147243,147247,147326,147328,147336,147342,147348,147353,147358,147407,147411,147482,147485,147490,147501,147504,147515,147525,147527,147532,147557,147562,147643,147645,147670,147672,147677,147680,147686,147695,147701,147704,147710,147716,147723,147726,147728,147764],[10,145943,13,145945,18],{"id":145944},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145946,145947],{},"sum()",[20,145949,9295,145950,145952,145953,24931],{},[15,145951,145947],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145954,60158],{},[20,145956,145957,145958,145960],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145959,36241],{}," value and a few important limits.",[32,145962,35],{"id":34},[37,145964,145966],{"className":39,"code":145965,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145967,145968,145992,146007],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,145969,145970,145972,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,145971,53],{"class":52},[46,145973,57],{"class":56},[46,145975,61],{"class":60},[46,145977,3175],{"class":64},[46,145979,68],{"class":60},[46,145981,71],{"class":64},[46,145983,68],{"class":60},[46,145985,312],{"class":64},[46,145987,68],{"class":60},[46,145989,2643],{"class":64},[46,145991,84],{"class":60},[46,145993,145994,145996,145998,146001,146003,146005],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,145995,41347],{"class":52},[46,145997,57],{"class":56},[46,145999,146000],{"class":90}," sum",[46,146002,94],{"class":60},[46,146004,103],{"class":102},[46,146006,215],{"class":60},[46,146008,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,146010,91],{"class":90},[46,146012,94],{"class":60},[46,146014,41376],{"class":102},[46,146016,1592],{"class":60},[46,146018,26962],{"class":3845},[20,146020,160,146021,146023],{},[15,146022,145947],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[32,146025,167,146027,170],{"id":146026},"what-sum-does",[15,146028,145947],{},[20,146030,146031,146033],{},[15,146032,145947],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,146035,146036],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[172,146038,146039,146042,146045,146050],{},[175,146040,146041],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[175,146043,146044],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[175,146046,146047,146048],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,146049,36367],{},[175,146051,146052,146053,146055],{},"Counting ",[15,146054,3787],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,146057,146058],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[32,146060,2343],{"id":2342},[37,146062,146064],{"className":39,"code":146063,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,146065,146066],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146067,146068,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146069,146070],{"class":90},"sum",[46,146072,94],{"class":60},[46,146074,212],{"class":102},[46,146076,68],{"class":60},[46,146078,36220],{"class":254},[46,146080,57],{"class":56},[46,146082,554],{"class":64},[46,146084,215],{"class":60},[172,146086,146087,146092,146097],{},[175,146088,146089,146091],{},[15,146090,212],{}," is the group of values to add",[175,146093,146094,146096],{},[15,146095,36241],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[175,146098,146099,146100],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146101,146102],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146104,146105,146106,146109,146110,507],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146107,146108,212],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[501,146111,146112,24785],{"href":36364},[15,146113,36367],{},[32,146115,11643],{"id":11642},[20,146117,146118],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[37,146120,146122],{"className":39,"code":146121,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146123,146124,146144,146158,146162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146125,146126,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146127,53],{"class":52},[46,146129,57],{"class":56},[46,146131,61],{"class":60},[46,146133,65],{"class":64},[46,146135,68],{"class":60},[46,146137,6176],{"class":64},[46,146139,68],{"class":60},[46,146141,38102],{"class":64},[46,146143,84],{"class":60},[46,146145,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146147,41347],{"class":52},[46,146149,57],{"class":56},[46,146151,146000],{"class":90},[46,146153,94],{"class":60},[46,146155,103],{"class":102},[46,146157,215],{"class":60},[46,146159,146160],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,146161,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,146163,146164,146166,146168,146170],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,146165,91],{"class":90},[46,146167,94],{"class":60},[46,146169,41376],{"class":102},[46,146171,215],{"class":60},[20,146173,143],{},[37,146175,146176],{"className":39,"code":69999,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,146177,146178],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146179,146180],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146181,69999],{"class":64},[20,146183,11852],{},[172,146185,146186,146191,146197],{},[175,146187,146188,146190],{},[15,146189,103],{}," contains three integers",[175,146192,146193,146196],{},[15,146194,146195],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[175,146198,146199,146200],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146201,41376],{},[32,146203,36782,146205,8605],{"id":146204},"using-the-start-value",[15,146206,36241],{},[20,146208,146209],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[37,146211,146213],{"className":39,"code":146212,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146214,146215,146235,146253,146257],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146216,146217,146219,146221,146223,146225,146227,146229,146231,146233],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146218,53],{"class":52},[46,146220,57],{"class":56},[46,146222,61],{"class":60},[46,146224,3175],{"class":64},[46,146226,68],{"class":60},[46,146228,71],{"class":64},[46,146230,68],{"class":60},[46,146232,312],{"class":64},[46,146234,84],{"class":60},[46,146236,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245,146247,146249,146251],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146238,41347],{"class":52},[46,146240,57],{"class":56},[46,146242,146000],{"class":90},[46,146244,94],{"class":60},[46,146246,103],{"class":102},[46,146248,68],{"class":60},[46,146250,6176],{"class":64},[46,146252,215],{"class":60},[46,146254,146255],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,146256,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,146258,146259,146261,146263,146265],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,146260,91],{"class":90},[46,146262,94],{"class":60},[46,146264,41376],{"class":102},[46,146266,215],{"class":60},[20,146268,143],{},[37,146270,146272],{"className":39,"code":146271,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"16\n",[15,146273,146274],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146275,146276],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146277,146271],{"class":64},[20,146279,146280],{},"This works like:",[172,146282,146283,146288,146293,146297],{},[175,146284,146285,146286],{},"Start at ",[15,146287,1494],{},[175,146289,146290,146291],{},"Add ",[15,146292,3175],{},[175,146294,146290,146295],{},[15,146296,2243],{},[175,146298,146290,146299],{},[15,146300,2249],{},[20,146302,146303],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[32,146305,167,146307,146309],{"id":146306},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146308,145947],{}," can work with",[20,146311,146312,146314],{},[15,146313,145947],{}," works with numeric values.",[283,146316,40590],{"id":40589},[37,146318,146320],{"className":39,"code":146319,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146321,146322,146346],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146323,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146325,4004],{"class":52},[46,146327,57],{"class":56},[46,146329,61],{"class":60},[46,146331,3175],{"class":64},[46,146333,68],{"class":60},[46,146335,71],{"class":64},[46,146337,68],{"class":60},[46,146339,312],{"class":64},[46,146341,68],{"class":60},[46,146343,2643],{"class":64},[46,146345,84],{"class":60},[46,146347,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146349,91],{"class":90},[46,146351,94],{"class":60},[46,146353,146070],{"class":90},[46,146355,94],{"class":60},[46,146357,5530],{"class":102},[46,146359,106],{"class":60},[20,146361,143],{},[37,146363,146364],{"className":39,"code":2562,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,146365,146366],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146367,146368],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146369,2562],{"class":64},[283,146371,146372],{"id":52209},"Floats",[37,146374,146376],{"className":39,"code":146375,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146377,146378,146400],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146379,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146393,146395,146398],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146381,659],{"class":52},[46,146383,57],{"class":56},[46,146385,61],{"class":60},[46,146387,41323],{"class":64},[46,146389,68],{"class":60},[46,146391,146392],{"class":64}," 3.75",[46,146394,68],{"class":60},[46,146396,146397],{"class":64}," 1.25",[46,146399,84],{"class":60},[46,146401,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146403,91],{"class":90},[46,146405,94],{"class":60},[46,146407,146070],{"class":90},[46,146409,94],{"class":60},[46,146411,691],{"class":102},[46,146413,106],{"class":60},[20,146415,143],{},[37,146417,146419],{"className":39,"code":146418,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"7.5\n",[15,146420,146421],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146422,146423],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146424,146418],{"class":64},[20,146426,146427,146428,507],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[501,146429,146430],{"href":2605},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[283,146432,146434,146435],{"id":146433},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146436,36367],{},[37,146438,146440],{"className":39,"code":146439,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146441,146442],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146443,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146445,91],{"class":90},[46,146447,94],{"class":60},[46,146449,146070],{"class":90},[46,146451,94],{"class":60},[46,146453,60158],{"class":90},[46,146455,94],{"class":60},[46,146457,3175],{"class":64},[46,146459,68],{"class":60},[46,146461,37811],{"class":64},[46,146463,3099],{"class":60},[20,146465,143],{},[37,146467,146468],{"className":39,"code":47205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,146469,146470],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146471,146472],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146473,47205],{"class":64},[20,146475,113517,146476,507],{},[15,146477,146478],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[283,146480,146482],{"id":146481},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146484,146485,146486,146488,146489,2051,146491,146488,146493,507],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146487,3787],{}," acts like ",[15,146490,3175],{},[15,146492,3856],{},[15,146494,554],{},[37,146496,146498],{"className":39,"code":146497,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146499,146500,146524],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146501,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146503,52129],{"class":52},[46,146505,57],{"class":56},[46,146507,61],{"class":60},[46,146509,3787],{"class":1325},[46,146511,68],{"class":60},[46,146513,4084],{"class":1325},[46,146515,68],{"class":60},[46,146517,4093],{"class":1325},[46,146519,68],{"class":60},[46,146521,4093],{"class":1325},[46,146523,84],{"class":60},[46,146525,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146527,91],{"class":90},[46,146529,94],{"class":60},[46,146531,146070],{"class":90},[46,146533,94],{"class":60},[46,146535,52182],{"class":102},[46,146537,106],{"class":60},[20,146539,143],{},[37,146541,146542],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,146543,146544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146545,146546],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146547,46782],{"class":64},[20,146549,146550,146551,507],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146552,3787],{},[32,146554,167,146556,146558],{"id":146555},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146557,145947],{}," does not work with",[20,146560,146561,146563],{},[15,146562,145947],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[283,146565,146567],{"id":146566},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146569,3023],{},[37,146571,146573],{"className":39,"code":146572,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146574,146575,146599],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146576,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146578,419],{"class":52},[46,146580,57],{"class":56},[46,146582,61],{"class":60},[46,146584,427],{"class":426},[46,146586,4027],{"class":430},[46,146588,427],{"class":426},[46,146590,68],{"class":60},[46,146592,438],{"class":426},[46,146594,60751],{"class":430},[46,146596,427],{"class":426},[46,146598,84],{"class":60},[46,146600,146601,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146602,91],{"class":90},[46,146604,94],{"class":60},[46,146606,146070],{"class":90},[46,146608,94],{"class":60},[46,146610,467],{"class":102},[46,146612,106],{"class":60},[20,146614,146615],{},"Use string joining instead:",[37,146617,146619],{"className":39,"code":146618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146620,146621,146645],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146622,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641,146643],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146624,419],{"class":52},[46,146626,57],{"class":56},[46,146628,61],{"class":60},[46,146630,427],{"class":426},[46,146632,4027],{"class":430},[46,146634,427],{"class":426},[46,146636,68],{"class":60},[46,146638,438],{"class":426},[46,146640,60751],{"class":430},[46,146642,427],{"class":426},[46,146644,84],{"class":60},[46,146646,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146648,91],{"class":90},[46,146650,94],{"class":60},[46,146652,6444],{"class":426},[46,146654,507],{"class":60},[46,146656,133472],{"class":102},[46,146658,94],{"class":60},[46,146660,467],{"class":102},[46,146662,106],{"class":60},[20,146664,143],{},[37,146666,146668],{"className":39,"code":146667,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"helloworld\n",[15,146669,146670],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146671,146672],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146673,146667],{"class":52},[20,146675,146676,146677,507],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[501,146678,146679,873],{"href":42340},[15,146680,47846],{},[283,146682,146684],{"id":146683},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146686,146687],{},"This also causes an error:",[37,146689,146691],{"className":39,"code":146690,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146692,146693,146720],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146694,146695,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146696,146697],{"class":52},"lists ",[46,146699,57],{"class":56},[46,146701,56456],{"class":60},[46,146703,3175],{"class":64},[46,146705,68],{"class":60},[46,146707,71],{"class":64},[46,146709,18229],{"class":60},[46,146711,61],{"class":60},[46,146713,2249],{"class":64},[46,146715,68],{"class":60},[46,146717,2643],{"class":64},[46,146719,53405],{"class":60},[46,146721,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146723,91],{"class":90},[46,146725,94],{"class":60},[46,146727,146070],{"class":90},[46,146729,94],{"class":60},[46,146731,5471],{"class":102},[46,146733,106],{"class":60},[20,146735,146736,146738],{},[15,146737,145947],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[283,146740,146742],{"id":146741},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146744,5644],{},[37,146746,146748],{"className":39,"code":146747,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146749,146750,146774],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146751,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146753,4004],{"class":52},[46,146755,57],{"class":56},[46,146757,61],{"class":60},[46,146759,3175],{"class":64},[46,146761,68],{"class":60},[46,146763,71],{"class":64},[46,146765,68],{"class":60},[46,146767,438],{"class":426},[46,146769,2249],{"class":430},[46,146771,427],{"class":426},[46,146773,84],{"class":60},[46,146775,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146777,91],{"class":90},[46,146779,94],{"class":60},[46,146781,146070],{"class":90},[46,146783,94],{"class":60},[46,146785,5530],{"class":102},[46,146787,106],{"class":60},[20,146789,146790],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146792,146793,146794,146796,146797,507],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146795,66105],{},", convert them first. See ",[501,146798,3149],{"href":3148},[32,146800,41669],{"id":41668},[20,146802,146803,146804,507],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146805,145947],{},[283,146807,6696],{"id":6695},[20,146809,4700],{},[37,146811,146813],{"className":39,"code":146812,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146814,146815],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146816,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146818,91],{"class":90},[46,146820,94],{"class":60},[46,146822,146070],{"class":90},[46,146824,94],{"class":60},[46,146826,65],{"class":64},[46,146828,106],{"class":60},[20,146830,146831],{},"Why it fails:",[172,146833,146834,146839],{},[175,146835,146836,146838],{},[15,146837,65],{}," is a single integer",[175,146840,146841,146843],{},[15,146842,145947],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146845,6726],{},[37,146847,146849],{"className":39,"code":146848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146850,146851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146852,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146854,91],{"class":90},[46,146856,94],{"class":60},[46,146858,146070],{"class":90},[46,146860,3172],{"class":60},[46,146862,65],{"class":64},[46,146864,3186],{"class":60},[20,146866,143],{},[37,146868,146869],{"className":39,"code":1626,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,146870,146871],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146872,146873],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146874,1626],{"class":64},[283,146876,146878],{"id":146877},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146880,4700],{},[37,146882,146884],{"className":39,"code":146883,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146885,146886,146918],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146887,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146889,4004],{"class":52},[46,146891,57],{"class":56},[46,146893,61],{"class":60},[46,146895,427],{"class":426},[46,146897,3175],{"class":430},[46,146899,427],{"class":426},[46,146901,68],{"class":60},[46,146903,438],{"class":426},[46,146905,2243],{"class":430},[46,146907,427],{"class":426},[46,146909,68],{"class":60},[46,146911,438],{"class":426},[46,146913,2249],{"class":430},[46,146915,427],{"class":426},[46,146917,84],{"class":60},[46,146919,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146921,91],{"class":90},[46,146923,94],{"class":60},[46,146925,146070],{"class":90},[46,146927,94],{"class":60},[46,146929,5530],{"class":102},[46,146931,106],{"class":60},[20,146933,146934],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[37,146936,146938],{"className":39,"code":146937,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146939,146940,146972,147000],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,146941,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954,146956,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,146943,4004],{"class":52},[46,146945,57],{"class":56},[46,146947,61],{"class":60},[46,146949,427],{"class":426},[46,146951,3175],{"class":430},[46,146953,427],{"class":426},[46,146955,68],{"class":60},[46,146957,438],{"class":426},[46,146959,2243],{"class":430},[46,146961,427],{"class":426},[46,146963,68],{"class":60},[46,146965,438],{"class":426},[46,146967,2249],{"class":430},[46,146969,427],{"class":426},[46,146971,84],{"class":60},[46,146973,146974,146976,146978,146980,146982,146984,146986,146988,146990,146992,146994,146996,146998],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,146975,41347],{"class":52},[46,146977,57],{"class":56},[46,146979,146000],{"class":90},[46,146981,94],{"class":60},[46,146983,1584],{"class":1270},[46,146985,94],{"class":60},[46,146987,1589],{"class":102},[46,146989,1592],{"class":60},[46,146991,1596],{"class":1595},[46,146993,1599],{"class":102},[46,146995,1602],{"class":1595},[46,146997,4064],{"class":102},[46,146999,215],{"class":60},[46,147001,147002,147004,147006,147008],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,147003,91],{"class":90},[46,147005,94],{"class":60},[46,147007,41376],{"class":102},[46,147009,215],{"class":60},[20,147011,143],{},[37,147013,147014],{"className":39,"code":2842,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,147015,147016],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147017,147018],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147019,2842],{"class":64},[20,147021,147022],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[283,147024,147026],{"id":147025},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,147028,4700],{},[37,147030,147032],{"className":39,"code":147031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,147033,147034,147062],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147035,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147037,4004],{"class":52},[46,147039,57],{"class":56},[46,147041,61],{"class":60},[46,147043,3175],{"class":64},[46,147045,68],{"class":60},[46,147047,71],{"class":64},[46,147049,68],{"class":60},[46,147051,438],{"class":426},[46,147053,2249],{"class":430},[46,147055,427],{"class":426},[46,147057,68],{"class":60},[46,147059,2643],{"class":64},[46,147061,84],{"class":60},[46,147063,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147065,91],{"class":90},[46,147067,94],{"class":60},[46,147069,146070],{"class":90},[46,147071,94],{"class":60},[46,147073,5530],{"class":102},[46,147075,106],{"class":60},[20,147077,147078],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[37,147080,147082],{"className":39,"code":147081,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147083,147084,147112,147140],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147085,147086,147088,147090,147092,147094,147096,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147087,4004],{"class":52},[46,147089,57],{"class":56},[46,147091,61],{"class":60},[46,147093,3175],{"class":64},[46,147095,68],{"class":60},[46,147097,71],{"class":64},[46,147099,68],{"class":60},[46,147101,438],{"class":426},[46,147103,2249],{"class":430},[46,147105,427],{"class":426},[46,147107,68],{"class":60},[46,147109,2643],{"class":64},[46,147111,84],{"class":60},[46,147113,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147115,41347],{"class":52},[46,147117,57],{"class":56},[46,147119,146000],{"class":90},[46,147121,94],{"class":60},[46,147123,1584],{"class":1270},[46,147125,94],{"class":60},[46,147127,1589],{"class":102},[46,147129,1592],{"class":60},[46,147131,1596],{"class":1595},[46,147133,1599],{"class":102},[46,147135,1602],{"class":1595},[46,147137,4064],{"class":102},[46,147139,215],{"class":60},[46,147141,147142,147144,147146,147148],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,147143,91],{"class":90},[46,147145,94],{"class":60},[46,147147,41376],{"class":102},[46,147149,215],{"class":60},[20,147151,143],{},[37,147153,147154],{"className":39,"code":2562,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,147155,147156],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147157,147158],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147159,2562],{"class":64},[283,147161,578,147163,147165],{"id":147162},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147164,145947],{}," to join text",[20,147167,4700],{},[37,147169,147171],{"className":39,"code":147170,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147172,147173,147229],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147174,147175,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147176,36259],{"class":52},[46,147178,57],{"class":56},[46,147180,61],{"class":60},[46,147182,427],{"class":426},[46,147184,134071],{"class":430},[46,147186,427],{"class":426},[46,147188,68],{"class":60},[46,147190,438],{"class":426},[46,147192,11914],{"class":430},[46,147194,427],{"class":426},[46,147196,68],{"class":60},[46,147198,438],{"class":426},[46,147200,63447],{"class":430},[46,147202,427],{"class":426},[46,147204,68],{"class":60},[46,147206,438],{"class":426},[46,147208,60598],{"class":430},[46,147210,427],{"class":426},[46,147212,68],{"class":60},[46,147214,438],{"class":426},[46,147216,60633],{"class":430},[46,147218,427],{"class":426},[46,147220,68],{"class":60},[46,147222,438],{"class":426},[46,147224,76184],{"class":430},[46,147226,427],{"class":426},[46,147228,84],{"class":60},[46,147230,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147232,91],{"class":90},[46,147234,94],{"class":60},[46,147236,146070],{"class":90},[46,147238,94],{"class":60},[46,147240,36312],{"class":102},[46,147242,106],{"class":60},[20,147244,160,147245,60692],{},[15,147246,133395],{},[37,147248,147250],{"className":39,"code":147249,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147251,147252,147308],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147253,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270,147272,147274,147276,147278,147280,147282,147284,147286,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304,147306],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147255,36259],{"class":52},[46,147257,57],{"class":56},[46,147259,61],{"class":60},[46,147261,427],{"class":426},[46,147263,134071],{"class":430},[46,147265,427],{"class":426},[46,147267,68],{"class":60},[46,147269,438],{"class":426},[46,147271,11914],{"class":430},[46,147273,427],{"class":426},[46,147275,68],{"class":60},[46,147277,438],{"class":426},[46,147279,63447],{"class":430},[46,147281,427],{"class":426},[46,147283,68],{"class":60},[46,147285,438],{"class":426},[46,147287,60598],{"class":430},[46,147289,427],{"class":426},[46,147291,68],{"class":60},[46,147293,438],{"class":426},[46,147295,60633],{"class":430},[46,147297,427],{"class":426},[46,147299,68],{"class":60},[46,147301,438],{"class":426},[46,147303,76184],{"class":430},[46,147305,427],{"class":426},[46,147307,84],{"class":60},[46,147309,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318,147320,147322,147324],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147311,91],{"class":90},[46,147313,94],{"class":60},[46,147315,6444],{"class":426},[46,147317,507],{"class":60},[46,147319,133472],{"class":102},[46,147321,94],{"class":60},[46,147323,36312],{"class":102},[46,147325,106],{"class":60},[20,147327,143],{},[37,147329,147330],{"className":39,"code":134152,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,147331,147332],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147333,147334],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147335,134152],{"class":52},[20,147337,147338,147339,507],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[501,147340,147341],{"href":135233},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[32,147343,147345,147347],{"id":147344},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147346,145947],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147349,147350,147352],{},[15,147351,145947],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[283,147354,578,147356],{"id":147355},"using-sum",[15,147357,145947],{},[37,147359,147361],{"className":39,"code":147360,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147362,147363,147383,147397],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147364,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147366,53],{"class":52},[46,147368,57],{"class":56},[46,147370,61],{"class":60},[46,147372,2691],{"class":64},[46,147374,68],{"class":60},[46,147376,6165],{"class":64},[46,147378,68],{"class":60},[46,147380,76],{"class":64},[46,147382,84],{"class":60},[46,147384,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393,147395],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147386,41347],{"class":52},[46,147388,57],{"class":56},[46,147390,146000],{"class":90},[46,147392,94],{"class":60},[46,147394,103],{"class":102},[46,147396,215],{"class":60},[46,147398,147399,147401,147403,147405],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,147400,91],{"class":90},[46,147402,94],{"class":60},[46,147404,41376],{"class":102},[46,147406,215],{"class":60},[283,147408,147410],{"id":147409},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[37,147412,147414],{"className":39,"code":147413,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147415,147416,147436,147444,147448,147460,147468,147472],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147417,147418,147420,147422,147424,147426,147428,147430,147432,147434],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147419,53],{"class":52},[46,147421,57],{"class":56},[46,147423,61],{"class":60},[46,147425,2691],{"class":64},[46,147427,68],{"class":60},[46,147429,6165],{"class":64},[46,147431,68],{"class":60},[46,147433,76],{"class":64},[46,147435,84],{"class":60},[46,147437,147438,147440,147442],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147439,41347],{"class":52},[46,147441,57],{"class":56},[46,147443,38678],{"class":64},[46,147445,147446],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,147447,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,147449,147450,147452,147454,147456,147458],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,147451,6129],{"class":1595},[46,147453,6559],{"class":52},[46,147455,1602],{"class":1595},[46,147457,4437],{"class":52},[46,147459,6566],{"class":60},[46,147461,147462,147464,147466],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,147463,90065],{"class":52},[46,147465,90068],{"class":56},[46,147467,90071],{"class":52},[46,147469,147470],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,147471,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,147473,147474,147476,147478,147480],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,147475,91],{"class":90},[46,147477,94],{"class":60},[46,147479,41376],{"class":102},[46,147481,215],{"class":60},[20,147483,147484],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147486,2675,147487,147489],{},[15,147488,145947],{}," is often better:",[172,147491,147492,147495,147498],{},[175,147493,147494],{},"Shorter code",[175,147496,147497],{},"Easier to read",[175,147499,147500],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147502,147503],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[172,147505,147506,147509,147512],{},[175,147507,147508],{},"You need to skip some values",[175,147510,147511],{},"You need extra checks",[175,147513,147514],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147516,147517,147518,147521,147522,147524],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[501,147519,147520],{"href":40174},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147523,145947],{}," on the filtered result.",[32,147526,1834],{"id":1833},[20,147528,147529,147530,198],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147531,145947],{},[172,147533,147534,147540,147547,147554],{},[175,147535,147536,147537],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147538,147539],{},"sum(5)",[175,147541,147542,147543,147546],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147544,147545],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[175,147548,578,147549,147551,147552],{},[15,147550,145947],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147553,133395],{},[175,147555,147556],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147558,9047,147559,147561],{},[15,147560,145947],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[37,147563,147565],{"className":39,"code":147564,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147566,147567,147577,147591,147615],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147568,147569,147571,147573,147575],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147570,91],{"class":90},[46,147572,94],{"class":60},[46,147574,5530],{"class":102},[46,147576,215],{"class":60},[46,147578,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147580,91],{"class":90},[46,147582,94],{"class":60},[46,147584,1889],{"class":1270},[46,147586,94],{"class":60},[46,147588,5530],{"class":102},[46,147590,106],{"class":60},[46,147592,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,147594,91],{"class":90},[46,147596,3172],{"class":60},[46,147598,1889],{"class":1270},[46,147600,94],{"class":60},[46,147602,1589],{"class":102},[46,147604,1592],{"class":60},[46,147606,1596],{"class":1595},[46,147608,1599],{"class":102},[46,147610,1602],{"class":1595},[46,147612,4064],{"class":102},[46,147614,1161],{"class":60},[46,147616,147617,147619,147621,147623,147625,147627,147629,147631,147633,147635,147637,147639,147641],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,147618,91],{"class":90},[46,147620,94],{"class":60},[46,147622,146070],{"class":90},[46,147624,3172],{"class":60},[46,147626,1584],{"class":1270},[46,147628,94],{"class":60},[46,147630,1589],{"class":102},[46,147632,1592],{"class":60},[46,147634,1596],{"class":1595},[46,147636,1599],{"class":102},[46,147638,1602],{"class":1595},[46,147640,4064],{"class":102},[46,147642,3186],{"class":60},[20,147644,135966],{},[172,147646,147647,147653,147659,147664],{},[175,147648,147649,147652],{},[15,147650,147651],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[175,147654,147655,147658],{},[15,147656,147657],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[175,147660,147661,135988],{},[15,147662,147663],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[175,147665,147666,147669],{},[15,147667,147668],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[32,147671,1991],{"id":1990},[283,147673,1995,147675,1998],{"id":147674},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147676,145947],{},[20,147678,147679],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[283,147681,2005,147683,147685],{"id":147682},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147684,145947],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147687,30438,147688,3065,147691,147694],{},[15,147689,147690],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147692,147693],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[283,147696,2005,147698,147700],{"id":147697},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147699,145947],{}," work with floats?",[20,147702,147703],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[283,147705,147707,147708,2035],{"id":147706},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147709,145947],{},[20,147711,147712,147713,147715],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147714,36241],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[283,147717,5330,147719,119351,147721,2035],{"id":147718},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147720,145947],{},[15,147722,1638],{},[20,147724,147725],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[32,147727,2065],{"id":2064},[172,147729,147730,147734,147740,147746,147752,147756,147760],{},[175,147731,147732],{},[501,147733,146430],{"href":2605},[175,147735,147736],{},[501,147737,13,147738,506],{"href":36364},[15,147739,36367],{},[175,147741,147742],{},[501,147743,13,147744,506],{"href":503},[15,147745,498],{},[175,147747,147748],{},[501,147749,13,147750,506],{"href":42340},[15,147751,47846],{},[175,147753,147754],{},[501,147755,5392],{"href":40174},[175,147757,147758],{},[501,147759,3710],{"href":3148},[175,147761,147762],{},[501,147763,147341],{"href":135233},[2103,147765,147766],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":147768},[147769,147770,147772,147773,147774,147776,147784,147790,147797,147803,147804,147816],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":146026,"depth":87,"text":147771},"What sum() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":146204,"depth":87,"text":147775},"Using the start value",{"id":146306,"depth":87,"text":147777,"children":147778},"What sum() can work with",[147779,147780,147781,147783],{"id":40589,"depth":109,"text":40590},{"id":52209,"depth":109,"text":146372},{"id":146433,"depth":109,"text":147782},"Values from range()",{"id":146481,"depth":109,"text":146482},{"id":146555,"depth":87,"text":147785,"children":147786},"What sum() does not work with",[147787,147788,147789],{"id":146566,"depth":109,"text":146567},{"id":146683,"depth":109,"text":146684},{"id":146741,"depth":109,"text":146742},{"id":41668,"depth":87,"text":41669,"children":147791},[147792,147793,147794,147795],{"id":6695,"depth":109,"text":6696},{"id":146877,"depth":109,"text":146878},{"id":147025,"depth":109,"text":147026},{"id":147162,"depth":109,"text":147796},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147344,"depth":87,"text":147798,"children":147799},"sum() vs manual loop",[147800,147802],{"id":147355,"depth":109,"text":147801},"Using sum()",{"id":147409,"depth":109,"text":147410},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":147805},[147806,147808,147810,147812,147814],{"id":147674,"depth":109,"text":147807},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147682,"depth":109,"text":147809},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147697,"depth":109,"text":147811},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147706,"depth":109,"text":147813},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147718,"depth":109,"text":147815},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145939,"description":147817},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147824,"title":147825,"body":147826,"description":149228,"extension":2150,"meta":149229,"navigation":112,"path":149230,"seo":149231,"stem":149232,"__hash__":149233},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147827,"toc":149196},[147828,147834,147840,147843,147906,147912,147917,147921,147938,147952,147956,147976,147990,147992,148085,148087,148101,148103,148106,148195,148197,148205,148214,148216,148220,148241,148243,148335,148337,148358,148360,148364,148378,148380,148454,148456,148475,148479,148482,148505,148507,148618,148625,148633,148635,148641,148644,148687,148690,148713,148721,148725,148800,148806,148831,148838,148841,148844,148848,148853,148941,148949,148953,148956,148981,148985,149046,149050,149099,149109,149111,149116,149119,149125,149128,149132,149136,149142,149145,149153,149161,149163,149193],[10,147829,147831,147832,11490],{"id":147830},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147833,57452],{},[20,147835,147836,147839],{},[15,147837,147838],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147841,147842],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[37,147844,147846],{"className":39,"code":147845,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147847,147848,147876,147894],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147849,147850,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147851,53],{"class":52},[46,147853,57],{"class":56},[46,147855,9406],{"class":60},[46,147857,3175],{"class":64},[46,147859,68],{"class":60},[46,147861,71],{"class":64},[46,147863,68],{"class":60},[46,147865,71],{"class":64},[46,147867,68],{"class":60},[46,147869,312],{"class":64},[46,147871,68],{"class":60},[46,147873,71],{"class":64},[46,147875,215],{"class":60},[46,147877,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,147879,2416],{"class":52},[46,147881,57],{"class":56},[46,147883,4437],{"class":52},[46,147885,507],{"class":60},[46,147887,41424],{"class":102},[46,147889,94],{"class":60},[46,147891,2243],{"class":64},[46,147893,215],{"class":60},[46,147895,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,147897,91],{"class":90},[46,147899,94],{"class":60},[46,147901,2451],{"class":102},[46,147903,1592],{"class":60},[46,147905,50934],{"class":3845},[20,147907,160,147908,147911],{},[15,147909,147910],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[32,147913,167,147915,170],{"id":147914},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147916,147838],{},[20,147918,147919,198],{},[15,147920,147910],{},[172,147922,147923,147929,147932,147935],{},[175,147924,147925,147926,147928],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147927,2659],{}," appears in the tuple",[175,147930,147931],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[175,147933,147934],{},"Returns an integer",[175,147936,147937],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147939,147940,147941,147943,147944,3065,147948,507],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147942,57452],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[501,147945,147947],{"href":147946},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[501,147949,147951],{"href":147950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[32,147953,147955],{"id":147954},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[37,147957,147959],{"className":39,"code":147958,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147960,147961],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147962,147963,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,147964,147965],{"class":52},"my_tuple",[46,147967,507],{"class":60},[46,147969,41424],{"class":102},[46,147971,94],{"class":60},[46,147973,2659],{"class":102},[46,147975,215],{"class":60},[172,147977,147978,147982,147985],{},[175,147979,147980,57617],{},[15,147981,2659],{},[175,147983,147984],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[175,147986,147987,147988],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147989,554],{},[283,147991,103066],{"id":103065},[37,147993,147995],{"className":39,"code":147994,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147996,147997,148037,148061],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,147998,147999,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148000,13243],{"class":52},[46,148002,57],{"class":56},[46,148004,9406],{"class":60},[46,148006,427],{"class":426},[46,148008,13260],{"class":430},[46,148010,427],{"class":426},[46,148012,68],{"class":60},[46,148014,438],{"class":426},[46,148016,13277],{"class":430},[46,148018,427],{"class":426},[46,148020,68],{"class":60},[46,148022,438],{"class":426},[46,148024,13260],{"class":430},[46,148026,427],{"class":426},[46,148028,68],{"class":60},[46,148030,438],{"class":426},[46,148032,17622],{"class":430},[46,148034,427],{"class":426},[46,148036,215],{"class":60},[46,148038,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057,148059],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148040,91],{"class":90},[46,148042,94],{"class":60},[46,148044,17669],{"class":102},[46,148046,507],{"class":60},[46,148048,41424],{"class":102},[46,148050,94],{"class":60},[46,148052,427],{"class":426},[46,148054,13260],{"class":430},[46,148056,427],{"class":426},[46,148058,5533],{"class":60},[46,148060,57807],{"class":3845},[46,148062,148063,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,148064,91],{"class":90},[46,148066,94],{"class":60},[46,148068,17669],{"class":102},[46,148070,507],{"class":60},[46,148072,41424],{"class":102},[46,148074,94],{"class":60},[46,148076,427],{"class":426},[46,148078,22691],{"class":430},[46,148080,427],{"class":426},[46,148082,5533],{"class":60},[46,148084,51411],{"class":3845},[20,148086,20124],{},[172,148088,148089,148094],{},[175,148090,148091,148093],{},[15,148092,65553],{}," appears 2 times",[175,148095,148096,148098,148099],{},[15,148097,109762],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148100,554],{},[32,148102,11643],{"id":11642},[20,148104,148105],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[37,148107,148109],{"className":39,"code":148108,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148110,148111,148159,148163,148185],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148112,148113,148115,148117,148119,148121,148123,148125,148127,148129,148131,148133,148135,148137,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148114,36408],{"class":52},[46,148116,57],{"class":56},[46,148118,9406],{"class":60},[46,148120,427],{"class":426},[46,148122,756],{"class":430},[46,148124,427],{"class":426},[46,148126,68],{"class":60},[46,148128,438],{"class":426},[46,148130,450],{"class":430},[46,148132,427],{"class":426},[46,148134,68],{"class":60},[46,148136,438],{"class":426},[46,148138,756],{"class":430},[46,148140,427],{"class":426},[46,148142,68],{"class":60},[46,148144,438],{"class":426},[46,148146,33389],{"class":430},[46,148148,427],{"class":426},[46,148150,68],{"class":60},[46,148152,438],{"class":426},[46,148154,756],{"class":430},[46,148156,427],{"class":426},[46,148158,215],{"class":60},[46,148160,148161],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148162,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,148164,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,148166,2416],{"class":52},[46,148168,57],{"class":56},[46,148170,53014],{"class":52},[46,148172,507],{"class":60},[46,148174,41424],{"class":102},[46,148176,94],{"class":60},[46,148178,427],{"class":426},[46,148180,756],{"class":430},[46,148182,427],{"class":426},[46,148184,215],{"class":60},[46,148186,148187,148189,148191,148193],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,148188,91],{"class":90},[46,148190,94],{"class":60},[46,148192,2451],{"class":102},[46,148194,215],{"class":60},[20,148196,143],{},[37,148198,148199],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,148200,148201],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148202,148203],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148204,46782],{"class":64},[20,148206,148207,148209,148210,2583,148212,507],{},[15,148208,57994],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148211,57452],{},[15,148213,2249],{},[32,148215,38186],{"id":38185},[20,148217,57706,148218,128701],{},[15,148219,57452],{},[172,148221,148222,148227,148232,148235],{},[175,148223,11592,148224,148226],{},[15,148225,554],{}," when the value does not exist",[175,148228,11592,148229,148231],{},[15,148230,3175],{}," when the value appears once",[175,148233,148234],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[175,148236,148237,148238,148240],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148239,7170],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148242,2393],{},[37,148244,148246],{"className":39,"code":148245,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148247,148248,148289,148293,148320],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148249,148250,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263,148265,148267,148269,148271,148273,148275,148277,148279,148281,148283,148285,148287],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148251,148252],{"class":52},"answers ",[46,148254,57],{"class":56},[46,148256,9406],{"class":60},[46,148258,427],{"class":426},[46,148260,8829],{"class":430},[46,148262,427],{"class":426},[46,148264,68],{"class":60},[46,148266,438],{"class":426},[46,148268,8769],{"class":430},[46,148270,427],{"class":426},[46,148272,68],{"class":60},[46,148274,438],{"class":426},[46,148276,8829],{"class":430},[46,148278,427],{"class":426},[46,148280,68],{"class":60},[46,148282,438],{"class":426},[46,148284,8829],{"class":430},[46,148286,427],{"class":426},[46,148288,215],{"class":60},[46,148290,148291],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148292,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,148294,148295,148297,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,148296,7170],{"class":1595},[46,148298,148299],{"class":52}," answers",[46,148301,507],{"class":60},[46,148303,41424],{"class":102},[46,148305,94],{"class":60},[46,148307,427],{"class":426},[46,148309,8829],{"class":430},[46,148311,427],{"class":426},[46,148313,1592],{"class":60},[46,148315,38561],{"class":56},[46,148317,81],{"class":64},[46,148319,6566],{"class":60},[46,148321,148322,148324,148326,148328,148331,148333],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,148323,8240],{"class":90},[46,148325,94],{"class":60},[46,148327,427],{"class":426},[46,148329,148330],{"class":430},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[46,148332,427],{"class":426},[46,148334,215],{"class":60},[20,148336,143],{},[37,148338,148340],{"className":39,"code":148339,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148341,148342],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148343,148344,148347,148349,148351,148353,148356],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148345,148346],{"class":52},"The answer ",[46,148348,1188],{"class":426},[46,148350,8829],{"class":430},[46,148352,1188],{"class":426},[46,148354,148355],{"class":52}," appears more than once",[46,148357,122345],{"class":60},[32,148359,41210],{"id":41209},[20,148361,35575,148362,104529],{},[15,148363,147838],{},[172,148365,148366,148369,148372,148375],{},[175,148367,148368],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[175,148370,148371],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[175,148373,148374],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[175,148376,148377],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148379,2393],{},[37,148381,148383],{"className":39,"code":148382,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148384,148385,148413,148417,148439],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148386,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148388,596],{"class":52},[46,148390,57],{"class":56},[46,148392,9406],{"class":60},[46,148394,1494],{"class":64},[46,148396,68],{"class":60},[46,148398,7962],{"class":64},[46,148400,68],{"class":60},[46,148402,6176],{"class":64},[46,148404,68],{"class":60},[46,148406,7967],{"class":64},[46,148408,68],{"class":60},[46,148410,6176],{"class":64},[46,148412,215],{"class":60},[46,148414,148415],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148416,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,148418,148419,148421,148423,148425,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,148420,7170],{"class":1595},[46,148422,5284],{"class":52},[46,148424,507],{"class":60},[46,148426,41424],{"class":102},[46,148428,94],{"class":60},[46,148430,1494],{"class":64},[46,148432,1592],{"class":60},[46,148434,51452],{"class":56},[46,148436,71],{"class":64},[46,148438,6566],{"class":60},[46,148440,148441,148443,148445,148447,148450,148452],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,148442,8240],{"class":90},[46,148444,94],{"class":60},[46,148446,427],{"class":426},[46,148448,148449],{"class":430},"The score 10 is repeated.",[46,148451,427],{"class":426},[46,148453,215],{"class":60},[20,148455,143],{},[37,148457,148459],{"className":39,"code":148458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148460,148461],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148462,148463,148466,148468,148470,148473],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148464,148465],{"class":52},"The score ",[46,148467,1494],{"class":64},[46,148469,8268],{"class":56},[46,148471,148472],{"class":52}," repeated",[46,148474,122345],{"class":60},[32,148476,148478],{"id":148477},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148480,148481],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[172,148483,148484,148490,148495,148498],{},[175,148485,148486,148487,148489],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148488,57452],{}," still works because it only reads data",[175,148491,148492,148494],{},[15,148493,57452],{}," counts exact matches",[175,148496,148497],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[175,148499,148500,2051,148502,148504],{},[15,148501,3175],{},[15,148503,42323],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148506,2393],{},[37,148508,148510],{"className":39,"code":148509,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148511,148512,148546,148550,148570,148594],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148513,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148527,148529,148531,148534,148536,148538,148540,148542,148544],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148515,4004],{"class":52},[46,148517,57],{"class":56},[46,148519,9406],{"class":60},[46,148521,3175],{"class":64},[46,148523,68],{"class":60},[46,148525,148526],{"class":64}," 1.0",[46,148528,68],{"class":60},[46,148530,438],{"class":426},[46,148532,148533],{"class":430},"Cat",[46,148535,427],{"class":426},[46,148537,68],{"class":60},[46,148539,438],{"class":426},[46,148541,934],{"class":430},[46,148543,427],{"class":426},[46,148545,215],{"class":60},[46,148547,148548],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148549,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,148551,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,148553,91],{"class":90},[46,148555,94],{"class":60},[46,148557,5530],{"class":102},[46,148559,507],{"class":60},[46,148561,41424],{"class":102},[46,148563,94],{"class":60},[46,148565,3175],{"class":64},[46,148567,5533],{"class":60},[46,148569,51258],{"class":3845},[46,148571,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,148573,91],{"class":90},[46,148575,94],{"class":60},[46,148577,5530],{"class":102},[46,148579,507],{"class":60},[46,148581,41424],{"class":102},[46,148583,94],{"class":60},[46,148585,427],{"class":426},[46,148587,148533],{"class":430},[46,148589,427],{"class":426},[46,148591,5533],{"class":60},[46,148593,27947],{"class":3845},[46,148595,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,148597,91],{"class":90},[46,148599,94],{"class":60},[46,148601,5530],{"class":102},[46,148603,507],{"class":60},[46,148605,41424],{"class":102},[46,148607,94],{"class":60},[46,148609,427],{"class":426},[46,148611,934],{"class":430},[46,148613,427],{"class":426},[46,148615,5533],{"class":60},[46,148617,27947],{"class":3845},[20,148619,5330,148620,5333,148623,2035],{},[15,148621,148622],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148624,2243],{},[20,148626,8957,148627,4958,148630,148632],{},[15,148628,148629],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148631,3787],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[32,148634,1834],{"id":1833},[283,148636,578,148638,148640],{"id":148637},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148639,41424],{}," without parentheses",[20,148642,148643],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[37,148645,148647],{"className":39,"code":148646,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148648,148649,148673],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148650,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148652,53],{"class":52},[46,148654,57],{"class":56},[46,148656,9406],{"class":60},[46,148658,3175],{"class":64},[46,148660,68],{"class":60},[46,148662,71],{"class":64},[46,148664,68],{"class":60},[46,148666,71],{"class":64},[46,148668,68],{"class":60},[46,148670,312],{"class":64},[46,148672,215],{"class":60},[46,148674,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148676,91],{"class":90},[46,148678,94],{"class":60},[46,148680,103],{"class":102},[46,148682,507],{"class":60},[46,148684,41424],{"class":1774},[46,148686,215],{"class":60},[20,148688,148689],{},"To call the method correctly:",[37,148691,148693],{"className":39,"code":148692,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148694,148695],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148696,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148698,91],{"class":90},[46,148700,94],{"class":60},[46,148702,103],{"class":102},[46,148704,507],{"class":60},[46,148706,41424],{"class":102},[46,148708,94],{"class":60},[46,148710,2243],{"class":64},[46,148712,106],{"class":60},[283,148714,1853,148715,8627,148717,3065,148719],{"id":58754},[15,148716,57452],{},[15,148718,3787],{},[15,148720,3856],{},[20,148722,148723,58765],{},[15,148724,57452],{},[37,148726,148728],{"className":39,"code":148727,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148729,148730,148762,148784,148788],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148731,148732,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148733,36259],{"class":52},[46,148735,57],{"class":56},[46,148737,9406],{"class":60},[46,148739,427],{"class":426},[46,148741,501],{"class":430},[46,148743,427],{"class":426},[46,148745,68],{"class":60},[46,148747,438],{"class":426},[46,148749,4935],{"class":430},[46,148751,427],{"class":426},[46,148753,68],{"class":60},[46,148755,438],{"class":426},[46,148757,501],{"class":430},[46,148759,427],{"class":426},[46,148761,215],{"class":60},[46,148763,148764,148766,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778,148780,148782],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148765,2416],{"class":52},[46,148767,57],{"class":56},[46,148769,70255],{"class":52},[46,148771,507],{"class":60},[46,148773,41424],{"class":102},[46,148775,94],{"class":60},[46,148777,427],{"class":426},[46,148779,501],{"class":430},[46,148781,427],{"class":426},[46,148783,215],{"class":60},[46,148785,148786],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,148787,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,148789,148790,148792,148794,148796,148798],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,148791,91],{"class":90},[46,148793,94],{"class":60},[46,148795,2451],{"class":102},[46,148797,1592],{"class":60},[46,148799,51579],{"class":3845},[20,148801,148802,148803,148805],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148804,1602],{}," is often simpler:",[37,148807,148809],{"className":39,"code":148808,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148810,148811],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148812,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148814,91],{"class":90},[46,148816,94],{"class":60},[46,148818,427],{"class":426},[46,148820,501],{"class":430},[46,148822,427],{"class":426},[46,148824,21341],{"class":1595},[46,148826,70255],{"class":102},[46,148828,1592],{"class":60},[46,148830,3846],{"class":3845},[283,148832,37372,148834,8876,148836],{"id":148833},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148835,147838],{},[15,148837,57457],{},[20,148839,148840],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148842,148843],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[283,148845,148847],{"id":148846},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148849,148850,148852],{},[15,148851,57452],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[37,148854,148856],{"className":39,"code":148855,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148857,148858,148891,148917],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148859,148860,148862,148864,148866,148868,148870,148872,148874,148876,148879,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148861,419],{"class":52},[46,148863,57],{"class":56},[46,148865,9406],{"class":60},[46,148867,427],{"class":426},[46,148869,756],{"class":430},[46,148871,427],{"class":426},[46,148873,68],{"class":60},[46,148875,438],{"class":426},[46,148877,148878],{"class":430},"pineapple",[46,148880,427],{"class":426},[46,148882,68],{"class":60},[46,148884,438],{"class":426},[46,148886,756],{"class":430},[46,148888,427],{"class":426},[46,148890,215],{"class":60},[46,148892,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903,148905,148907,148910,148912,148914],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,148894,91],{"class":90},[46,148896,94],{"class":60},[46,148898,467],{"class":102},[46,148900,507],{"class":60},[46,148902,41424],{"class":102},[46,148904,94],{"class":60},[46,148906,427],{"class":426},[46,148908,148909],{"class":430},"app",[46,148911,427],{"class":426},[46,148913,5533],{"class":60},[46,148915,148916],{"class":3845},"    # 0\n",[46,148918,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931,148933,148935,148937,148939],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,148920,91],{"class":90},[46,148922,94],{"class":60},[46,148924,467],{"class":102},[46,148926,507],{"class":60},[46,148928,41424],{"class":102},[46,148930,94],{"class":60},[46,148932,427],{"class":426},[46,148934,756],{"class":430},[46,148936,427],{"class":426},[46,148938,5533],{"class":60},[46,148940,51579],{"class":3845},[20,148942,148943,148946,148947,507],{},[15,148944,148945],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148948,554],{},[32,148950,148952],{"id":148951},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148954,148955],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[172,148957,148958,148963,148972,148978],{},[175,148959,160,148960,148962],{},[15,148961,1602],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[175,148964,160,148965,148971],{},[501,148966,148968,148969],{"href":148967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148970,59127],{}," to find the position of a value",[175,148973,160,148974,148977],{},[15,148975,148976],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[175,148979,148980],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148982,46205,148983,198],{},[15,148984,1602],{},[37,148986,148988],{"className":39,"code":148987,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148989,148990,149010,149014,149030],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,148991,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000,149002,149004,149006,149008],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,148993,53],{"class":52},[46,148995,57],{"class":56},[46,148997,9406],{"class":60},[46,148999,2691],{"class":64},[46,149001,68],{"class":60},[46,149003,6165],{"class":64},[46,149005,68],{"class":60},[46,149007,76],{"class":64},[46,149009,215],{"class":60},[46,149011,149012],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149013,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,149015,149016,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,149017,91],{"class":90},[46,149019,94],{"class":60},[46,149021,2211],{"class":64},[46,149023,21341],{"class":1595},[46,149025,4437],{"class":102},[46,149027,1592],{"class":60},[46,149029,44019],{"class":3845},[46,149031,149032,149034,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,149033,91],{"class":90},[46,149035,94],{"class":60},[46,149037,65],{"class":64},[46,149039,21341],{"class":1595},[46,149041,4437],{"class":102},[46,149043,1592],{"class":60},[46,149045,44036],{"class":3845},[20,149047,46205,149048,198],{},[15,149049,59127],{},[37,149051,149053],{"className":39,"code":149052,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,149054,149055,149079],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149056,149057,149059,149061,149063,149065,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149058,53],{"class":52},[46,149060,57],{"class":56},[46,149062,9406],{"class":60},[46,149064,2691],{"class":64},[46,149066,68],{"class":60},[46,149068,6165],{"class":64},[46,149070,68],{"class":60},[46,149072,76],{"class":64},[46,149074,68],{"class":60},[46,149076,6165],{"class":64},[46,149078,215],{"class":60},[46,149080,149081,149083,149085,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149082,91],{"class":90},[46,149084,94],{"class":60},[46,149086,103],{"class":102},[46,149088,507],{"class":60},[46,149090,36016],{"class":102},[46,149092,94],{"class":60},[46,149094,2211],{"class":64},[46,149096,5533],{"class":60},[46,149098,27947],{"class":3845},[20,149100,149101,149103,149104,149106,149108],{},[15,149102,57452],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[10015,149105],{},[15,149107,59127],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[32,149110,1991],{"id":1990},[283,149112,1995,149114,1998],{"id":149113},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149115,147838],{},[20,149117,149118],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[283,149120,12872,149122,149124],{"id":149121},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149123,147838],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149126,149127],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[283,149129,149131],{"id":149130},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149133,12079,149134,507],{},[15,149135,554],{},[283,149137,2005,149139,149141],{"id":149138},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149140,147838],{}," count strings?",[20,149143,149144],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[283,149146,2048,149148,2051,149150,2035],{"id":149147},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149149,147838],{},[15,149151,149152],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149154,149155,149157,149158,149160],{},[15,149156,57452],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149159,59127],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[32,149162,2065],{"id":2064},[172,149164,149165,149169,149174,149181,149189],{},[175,149166,149167],{},[501,149168,147947],{"href":147946},[175,149170,149171],{},[501,149172,149173],{"href":147950},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[175,149175,149176],{},[501,149177,149178,149179,10910],{"href":148967},"Python tuple ",[15,149180,59127],{},[175,149182,149183],{},[501,149184,149186,149187],{"href":149185},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149188,498],{},[175,149190,149191],{},[501,149192,2097],{"href":2096},[2103,149194,149195],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":149197},[149198,149200,149203,149204,149205,149206,149207,149215,149216,149227],{"id":147914,"depth":87,"text":149199},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147954,"depth":87,"text":147955,"children":149201},[149202],{"id":103065,"depth":109,"text":103066},{"id":11642,"depth":87,"text":11643},{"id":38185,"depth":87,"text":38186},{"id":41209,"depth":87,"text":41210},{"id":148477,"depth":87,"text":148478},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":149208},[149209,149211,149212,149214],{"id":148637,"depth":109,"text":149210},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58754,"depth":109,"text":59168},{"id":148833,"depth":109,"text":149213},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148846,"depth":109,"text":148847},{"id":148951,"depth":87,"text":148952},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":149217},[149218,149220,149222,149223,149225],{"id":149113,"depth":109,"text":149219},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149121,"depth":109,"text":149221},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149130,"depth":109,"text":149131},{"id":149138,"depth":109,"text":149224},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149147,"depth":109,"text":149226},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147825,"description":149228},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149235,"title":149236,"body":149237,"description":150924,"extension":2150,"meta":150925,"navigation":112,"path":150926,"seo":150927,"stem":150928,"__hash__":150929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149238,"toc":150887},[149239,149242,149245,149254,149256,149386,149388,149449,149455,149457,149477,149481,149484,149487,149522,149524,149545,149548,149587,149589,149614,149621,149625,149628,149665,149667,149690,149693,149696,149708,149714,149718,149721,149727,149768,149770,149793,149796,149837,149839,149866,149868,149885,149887,149904,149907,149911,149914,149916,149950,149952,149999,150003,150042,150046,150049,150106,150108,150149,150155,150161,150166,150168,150205,150207,150227,150229,150262,150264,150297,150300,150304,150337,150339,150364,150367,150369,150383,150390,150392,150395,150399,150402,150437,150440,150475,150479,150482,150521,150524,150563,150567,150569,150599,150602,150609,150611,150643,150646,150678,150681,150712,150714,150731,150735,150738,150802,150804,150808,150815,150819,150822,150826,150829,150833,150836,150841,150847,150849,150884],[10,149240,149236],{"id":149241},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149243,149244],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149246,149247,149248,3065,149252,507],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[501,149249,149251],{"href":149250},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[501,149253,147947],{"href":147946},[32,149255,35],{"id":34},[37,149257,149259],{"className":39,"code":149258,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149260,149261,149281,149290,149304,149340,149344,149354,149364,149375],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149262,149263,149265,149267,149269,149271,149273,149275,149277,149279],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149264,53],{"class":52},[46,149266,57],{"class":56},[46,149268,9406],{"class":60},[46,149270,3175],{"class":64},[46,149272,68],{"class":60},[46,149274,71],{"class":64},[46,149276,68],{"class":60},[46,149278,312],{"class":64},[46,149280,215],{"class":60},[46,149282,149283,149285,149287],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149284,124811],{"class":52},[46,149286,57],{"class":56},[46,149288,149289],{"class":60}," ()\n",[46,149291,149292,149295,149297,149299,149301],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,149293,149294],{"class":52},"one_item ",[46,149296,57],{"class":56},[46,149298,9406],{"class":60},[46,149300,65],{"class":64},[46,149302,149303],{"class":60},",)\n",[46,149305,149306,149309,149311,149314,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330,149332,149334,149336,149338],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,149307,149308],{"class":52},"from_list ",[46,149310,57],{"class":56},[46,149312,149313],{"class":1270}," tuple",[46,149315,3172],{"class":60},[46,149317,427],{"class":426},[46,149319,501],{"class":430},[46,149321,427],{"class":426},[46,149323,68],{"class":60},[46,149325,438],{"class":426},[46,149327,4935],{"class":430},[46,149329,427],{"class":426},[46,149331,68],{"class":60},[46,149333,438],{"class":426},[46,149335,9908],{"class":430},[46,149337,427],{"class":426},[46,149339,1161],{"class":60},[46,149341,149342],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,149343,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,149345,149346,149348,149350,149352],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,149347,91],{"class":90},[46,149349,94],{"class":60},[46,149351,103],{"class":102},[46,149353,215],{"class":60},[46,149355,149356,149358,149360,149362],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,149357,91],{"class":90},[46,149359,94],{"class":60},[46,149361,124862],{"class":102},[46,149363,215],{"class":60},[46,149365,149366,149368,149370,149373],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,149367,91],{"class":90},[46,149369,94],{"class":60},[46,149371,149372],{"class":102},"one_item",[46,149374,215],{"class":60},[46,149376,149377,149379,149381,149384],{"class":48,"line":6603},[46,149378,91],{"class":90},[46,149380,94],{"class":60},[46,149382,149383],{"class":102},"from_list",[46,149385,215],{"class":60},[20,149387,143],{},[37,149389,149391],{"className":39,"code":149390,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149392,149393,149409,149413,149421],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149394,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149396,94],{"class":60},[46,149398,3175],{"class":64},[46,149400,68],{"class":60},[46,149402,71],{"class":64},[46,149404,68],{"class":60},[46,149406,312],{"class":64},[46,149408,215],{"class":60},[46,149410,149411],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149412,8814],{"class":60},[46,149414,149415,149417,149419],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,149416,94],{"class":60},[46,149418,65],{"class":64},[46,149420,149303],{"class":60},[46,149422,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433,149435,149437,149439,149441,149443,149445,149447],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,149424,94],{"class":60},[46,149426,1188],{"class":426},[46,149428,501],{"class":430},[46,149430,1188],{"class":426},[46,149432,68],{"class":60},[46,149434,1197],{"class":426},[46,149436,4935],{"class":430},[46,149438,1188],{"class":426},[46,149440,68],{"class":60},[46,149442,1197],{"class":426},[46,149444,9908],{"class":430},[46,149446,1188],{"class":426},[46,149448,215],{"class":60},[20,149450,149451,149452,507],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149453,149454],{},"(5,)",[32,149456,15329],{"id":15328},[172,149458,149459,149462,149465,149468,149471,149474],{},[175,149460,149461],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[175,149463,149464],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[175,149466,149467],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[175,149469,149470],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[175,149472,149473],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[175,149475,149476],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[32,149478,149480],{"id":149479},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149482,149483],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149485,149486],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[37,149488,149490],{"className":39,"code":149489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149491,149492,149512],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149493,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506,149508,149510],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149495,53],{"class":52},[46,149497,57],{"class":56},[46,149499,9406],{"class":60},[46,149501,3175],{"class":64},[46,149503,68],{"class":60},[46,149505,71],{"class":64},[46,149507,68],{"class":60},[46,149509,312],{"class":64},[46,149511,215],{"class":60},[46,149513,149514,149516,149518,149520],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149515,91],{"class":90},[46,149517,94],{"class":60},[46,149519,103],{"class":102},[46,149521,215],{"class":60},[20,149523,143],{},[37,149525,149527],{"className":39,"code":149526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149528,149529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149530,149531,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149532,94],{"class":60},[46,149534,3175],{"class":64},[46,149536,68],{"class":60},[46,149538,71],{"class":64},[46,149540,68],{"class":60},[46,149542,312],{"class":64},[46,149544,215],{"class":60},[20,149546,149547],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[37,149549,149551],{"className":39,"code":149550,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149552,149553,149577],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149554,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149556,1487],{"class":52},[46,149558,57],{"class":56},[46,149560,9406],{"class":60},[46,149562,3175],{"class":64},[46,149564,68],{"class":60},[46,149566,438],{"class":426},[46,149568,756],{"class":430},[46,149570,427],{"class":426},[46,149572,68],{"class":60},[46,149574,4093],{"class":1325},[46,149576,215],{"class":60},[46,149578,149579,149581,149583,149585],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149580,91],{"class":90},[46,149582,94],{"class":60},[46,149584,1523],{"class":102},[46,149586,215],{"class":60},[20,149588,143],{},[37,149590,149592],{"className":39,"code":149591,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149593,149594],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149595,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610,149612],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149597,94],{"class":60},[46,149599,3175],{"class":64},[46,149601,68],{"class":60},[46,149603,1197],{"class":426},[46,149605,756],{"class":430},[46,149607,1188],{"class":426},[46,149609,68],{"class":60},[46,149611,4093],{"class":1325},[46,149613,215],{"class":60},[20,149615,149616,149617,507],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[501,149618,149620],{"href":149619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[32,149622,149624],{"id":149623},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149626,149627],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[37,149629,149631],{"className":39,"code":149630,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149632,149633,149641,149651],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149634,149635,149637,149639],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149636,124811],{"class":52},[46,149638,57],{"class":56},[46,149640,149289],{"class":60},[46,149642,149643,149645,149647,149649],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149644,91],{"class":90},[46,149646,94],{"class":60},[46,149648,124862],{"class":102},[46,149650,215],{"class":60},[46,149652,149653,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,149654,91],{"class":90},[46,149656,94],{"class":60},[46,149658,1889],{"class":1270},[46,149660,94],{"class":60},[46,149662,124862],{"class":102},[46,149664,106],{"class":60},[20,149666,143],{},[37,149668,149670],{"className":39,"code":149669,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149671,149672,149676],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149673,149674],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149675,8814],{"class":60},[46,149677,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149679,3476],{"class":56},[46,149681,3479],{"class":1140},[46,149683,1197],{"class":426},[46,149685,49116],{"class":430},[46,149687,1188],{"class":426},[46,149689,3488],{"class":56},[20,149691,149692],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149694,149695],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[172,149697,149698,149703],{},[175,149699,149700,149701],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149702,1277],{},[175,149704,149705,149706],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149707,3968],{},[20,149709,149710,149711,507],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[501,149712,149713],{"href":57315},"Python list: creating a list",[32,149715,149717],{"id":149716},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149719,149720],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149722,149723,149724,149726],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3924,149725,4805],{}," automatically a tuple:",[37,149728,149730],{"className":39,"code":149729,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149731,149732,149744,149754],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149733,149734,149736,149738,149740,149742],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149735,2633],{"class":52},[46,149737,57],{"class":56},[46,149739,9406],{"class":60},[46,149741,65],{"class":64},[46,149743,215],{"class":60},[46,149745,149746,149748,149750,149752],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149747,91],{"class":90},[46,149749,94],{"class":60},[46,149751,2659],{"class":102},[46,149753,215],{"class":60},[46,149755,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,149757,91],{"class":90},[46,149759,94],{"class":60},[46,149761,1889],{"class":1270},[46,149763,94],{"class":60},[46,149765,2659],{"class":102},[46,149767,106],{"class":60},[20,149769,143],{},[37,149771,149773],{"className":39,"code":149772,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149774,149775,149779],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149776,149777],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149778,1626],{"class":64},[46,149780,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149782,3476],{"class":56},[46,149784,3479],{"class":1140},[46,149786,1197],{"class":426},[46,149788,1584],{"class":430},[46,149790,1188],{"class":426},[46,149792,3488],{"class":56},[20,149794,149795],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[37,149797,149799],{"className":39,"code":149798,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149800,149801,149813,149823],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149802,149803,149805,149807,149809,149811],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149804,149294],{"class":52},[46,149806,57],{"class":56},[46,149808,9406],{"class":60},[46,149810,65],{"class":64},[46,149812,149303],{"class":60},[46,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149816,91],{"class":90},[46,149818,94],{"class":60},[46,149820,149372],{"class":102},[46,149822,215],{"class":60},[46,149824,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,149826,91],{"class":90},[46,149828,94],{"class":60},[46,149830,1889],{"class":1270},[46,149832,94],{"class":60},[46,149834,149372],{"class":102},[46,149836,106],{"class":60},[20,149838,143],{},[37,149840,149842],{"className":39,"code":149841,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149843,149844,149852],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149845,149846,149848,149850],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149847,94],{"class":60},[46,149849,65],{"class":64},[46,149851,149303],{"class":60},[46,149853,149854,149856,149858,149860,149862,149864],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149855,3476],{"class":56},[46,149857,3479],{"class":1140},[46,149859,1197],{"class":426},[46,149861,49116],{"class":430},[46,149863,1188],{"class":426},[46,149865,3488],{"class":56},[20,149867,16821],{},[37,149869,149871],{"className":39,"code":149870,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149872,149873],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149874,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149876,94],{"class":60},[46,149878,427],{"class":426},[46,149880,756],{"class":430},[46,149882,427],{"class":426},[46,149884,149303],{"class":60},[20,149886,16809],{},[37,149888,149890],{"className":39,"code":149889,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149891,149892],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149893,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149895,94],{"class":60},[46,149897,427],{"class":426},[46,149899,756],{"class":430},[46,149901,427],{"class":426},[46,149903,215],{"class":60},[20,149905,149906],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[32,149908,149910],{"id":149909},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149912,149913],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[283,149915,56624],{"id":103},[37,149917,149918],{"className":39,"code":149489,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,149919,149920,149940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149921,149922,149924,149926,149928,149930,149932,149934,149936,149938],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149923,53],{"class":52},[46,149925,57],{"class":56},[46,149927,9406],{"class":60},[46,149929,3175],{"class":64},[46,149931,68],{"class":60},[46,149933,71],{"class":64},[46,149935,68],{"class":60},[46,149937,312],{"class":64},[46,149939,215],{"class":60},[46,149941,149942,149944,149946,149948],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149943,91],{"class":90},[46,149945,94],{"class":60},[46,149947,103],{"class":102},[46,149949,215],{"class":60},[283,149951,56627],{"id":5480},[37,149953,149955],{"className":39,"code":149954,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149956,149957,149989],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,149958,149959,149961,149963,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985,149987],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,149960,13243],{"class":52},[46,149962,57],{"class":56},[46,149964,9406],{"class":60},[46,149966,427],{"class":426},[46,149968,13260],{"class":430},[46,149970,427],{"class":426},[46,149972,68],{"class":60},[46,149974,438],{"class":426},[46,149976,17622],{"class":430},[46,149978,427],{"class":426},[46,149980,68],{"class":60},[46,149982,438],{"class":426},[46,149984,13277],{"class":430},[46,149986,427],{"class":426},[46,149988,215],{"class":60},[46,149990,149991,149993,149995,149997],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,149992,91],{"class":90},[46,149994,94],{"class":60},[46,149996,17669],{"class":102},[46,149998,215],{"class":60},[283,150000,150002],{"id":150001},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[37,150004,150006],{"className":39,"code":150005,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,150007,150008,150032],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150009,150010,150012,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150011,59632],{"class":52},[46,150013,57],{"class":56},[46,150015,9406],{"class":60},[46,150017,3175],{"class":64},[46,150019,68],{"class":60},[46,150021,438],{"class":426},[46,150023,756],{"class":430},[46,150025,427],{"class":426},[46,150027,68],{"class":60},[46,150029,4093],{"class":1325},[46,150031,215],{"class":60},[46,150033,150034,150036,150038,150040],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150035,91],{"class":90},[46,150037,94],{"class":60},[46,150039,59685],{"class":102},[46,150041,215],{"class":60},[283,150043,150045],{"id":150044},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,150047,150048],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[37,150050,150052],{"className":39,"code":150051,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,150053,150054,150095],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150055,150056,150059,150061,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083,150085,150087,150089,150091,150093],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150057,150058],{"class":52},"nested ",[46,150060,57],{"class":56},[46,150062,9406],{"class":60},[46,150064,3175],{"class":64},[46,150066,68],{"class":60},[46,150068,9406],{"class":60},[46,150070,427],{"class":426},[46,150072,501],{"class":430},[46,150074,427],{"class":426},[46,150076,68],{"class":60},[46,150078,438],{"class":426},[46,150080,4935],{"class":430},[46,150082,427],{"class":426},[46,150084,9403],{"class":60},[46,150086,61],{"class":60},[46,150088,1494],{"class":64},[46,150090,68],{"class":60},[46,150092,7962],{"class":64},[46,150094,1161],{"class":60},[46,150096,150097,150099,150101,150104],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150098,91],{"class":90},[46,150100,94],{"class":60},[46,150102,150103],{"class":102},"nested",[46,150105,215],{"class":60},[20,150107,143],{},[37,150109,150111],{"className":39,"code":150110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150112,150113],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150114,150115,150117,150119,150121,150123,150125,150127,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145,150147],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150116,94],{"class":60},[46,150118,3175],{"class":64},[46,150120,68],{"class":60},[46,150122,9406],{"class":60},[46,150124,1188],{"class":426},[46,150126,501],{"class":430},[46,150128,1188],{"class":426},[46,150130,68],{"class":60},[46,150132,1197],{"class":426},[46,150134,4935],{"class":430},[46,150136,1188],{"class":426},[46,150138,9403],{"class":60},[46,150140,61],{"class":60},[46,150142,1494],{"class":64},[46,150144,68],{"class":60},[46,150146,7962],{"class":64},[46,150148,1161],{"class":60},[32,150150,150152,150153],{"id":150151},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150154,38212],{},[20,150156,150157,150158,150160],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150159,38212],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150162,150163,150164,507],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[501,150165,63378],{"href":63377},[283,150167,105206],{"id":105205},[37,150169,150171],{"className":39,"code":150170,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150172,150173,150195],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150174,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191,150193],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150176,53],{"class":52},[46,150178,57],{"class":56},[46,150180,149313],{"class":1270},[46,150182,3172],{"class":60},[46,150184,3175],{"class":64},[46,150186,68],{"class":60},[46,150188,71],{"class":64},[46,150190,68],{"class":60},[46,150192,312],{"class":64},[46,150194,1161],{"class":60},[46,150196,150197,150199,150201,150203],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150198,91],{"class":90},[46,150200,94],{"class":60},[46,150202,103],{"class":102},[46,150204,215],{"class":60},[20,150206,143],{},[37,150208,150209],{"className":39,"code":149526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,150210,150211],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150212,150213,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150214,94],{"class":60},[46,150216,3175],{"class":64},[46,150218,68],{"class":60},[46,150220,71],{"class":64},[46,150222,68],{"class":60},[46,150224,312],{"class":64},[46,150226,215],{"class":60},[283,150228,105392],{"id":105391},[37,150230,150232],{"className":39,"code":150231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150233,150234,150252],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150235,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150237,36259],{"class":52},[46,150239,57],{"class":56},[46,150241,149313],{"class":1270},[46,150243,94],{"class":60},[46,150245,427],{"class":426},[46,150247,41725],{"class":430},[46,150249,427],{"class":426},[46,150251,215],{"class":60},[46,150253,150254,150256,150258,150260],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150255,91],{"class":90},[46,150257,94],{"class":60},[46,150259,36312],{"class":102},[46,150261,215],{"class":60},[20,150263,143],{},[37,150265,150267],{"className":39,"code":150266,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150268,150269],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150270,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150272,94],{"class":60},[46,150274,1188],{"class":426},[46,150276,501],{"class":430},[46,150278,1188],{"class":426},[46,150280,68],{"class":60},[46,150282,1197],{"class":426},[46,150284,4935],{"class":430},[46,150286,1188],{"class":426},[46,150288,68],{"class":60},[46,150290,1197],{"class":426},[46,150292,9908],{"class":430},[46,150294,1188],{"class":426},[46,150296,215],{"class":60},[20,150298,150299],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[283,150301,150303],{"id":150302},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[37,150305,150307],{"className":39,"code":150306,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150308,150309,150327],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150310,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323,150325],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150312,4004],{"class":52},[46,150314,57],{"class":56},[46,150316,149313],{"class":1270},[46,150318,94],{"class":60},[46,150320,60158],{"class":90},[46,150322,94],{"class":60},[46,150324,2691],{"class":64},[46,150326,106],{"class":60},[46,150328,150329,150331,150333,150335],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150330,91],{"class":90},[46,150332,94],{"class":60},[46,150334,5530],{"class":102},[46,150336,215],{"class":60},[20,150338,143],{},[37,150340,150342],{"className":39,"code":150341,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150343,150344],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150345,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358,150360,150362],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150347,94],{"class":60},[46,150349,554],{"class":64},[46,150351,68],{"class":60},[46,150353,81],{"class":64},[46,150355,68],{"class":60},[46,150357,71],{"class":64},[46,150359,68],{"class":60},[46,150361,312],{"class":64},[46,150363,215],{"class":60},[20,150365,150366],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[32,150368,20968],{"id":20967},[172,150370,150371,150374,150377,150380],{},[175,150372,150373],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[175,150375,150376],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[175,150378,150379],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[175,150381,150382],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150384,150385,150386,507],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[501,150387,150389],{"href":150388},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[32,150391,1834],{"id":1833},[20,150393,150394],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[283,150396,150398],{"id":150397},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150400,150401],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[37,150403,150405],{"className":39,"code":150404,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150406,150407,150423],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150408,150409,150411,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150410,28706],{"class":52},[46,150412,57],{"class":56},[46,150414,9406],{"class":60},[46,150416,427],{"class":426},[46,150418,756],{"class":430},[46,150420,427],{"class":426},[46,150422,215],{"class":60},[46,150424,150425,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150426,91],{"class":90},[46,150428,94],{"class":60},[46,150430,1889],{"class":1270},[46,150432,94],{"class":60},[46,150434,23478],{"class":102},[46,150436,106],{"class":60},[20,150438,150439],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[37,150441,150443],{"className":39,"code":150442,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150444,150445,150461],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453,150455,150457,150459],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150448,28706],{"class":52},[46,150450,57],{"class":56},[46,150452,9406],{"class":60},[46,150454,427],{"class":426},[46,150456,756],{"class":430},[46,150458,427],{"class":426},[46,150460,149303],{"class":60},[46,150462,150463,150465,150467,150469,150471,150473],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150464,91],{"class":90},[46,150466,94],{"class":60},[46,150468,1889],{"class":1270},[46,150470,94],{"class":60},[46,150472,23478],{"class":102},[46,150474,106],{"class":60},[283,150476,150478],{"id":150477},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150480,150481],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[37,150483,150485],{"className":39,"code":150484,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150486,150487,150507],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150488,150489,150491,150493,150495,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150490,4004],{"class":52},[46,150492,57],{"class":56},[46,150494,61],{"class":60},[46,150496,3175],{"class":64},[46,150498,68],{"class":60},[46,150500,71],{"class":64},[46,150502,68],{"class":60},[46,150504,312],{"class":64},[46,150506,84],{"class":60},[46,150508,150509,150511,150513,150515,150517,150519],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150510,91],{"class":90},[46,150512,94],{"class":60},[46,150514,1889],{"class":1270},[46,150516,94],{"class":60},[46,150518,5530],{"class":102},[46,150520,106],{"class":60},[20,150522,150523],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[37,150525,150527],{"className":39,"code":150526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150528,150529,150549],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150530,150531,150533,150535,150537,150539,150541,150543,150545,150547],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150532,4004],{"class":52},[46,150534,57],{"class":56},[46,150536,9406],{"class":60},[46,150538,3175],{"class":64},[46,150540,68],{"class":60},[46,150542,71],{"class":64},[46,150544,68],{"class":60},[46,150546,312],{"class":64},[46,150548,215],{"class":60},[46,150550,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559,150561],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150552,91],{"class":90},[46,150554,94],{"class":60},[46,150556,1889],{"class":1270},[46,150558,94],{"class":60},[46,150560,5530],{"class":102},[46,150562,106],{"class":60},[283,150564,150566],{"id":150565},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150568,150379],{},[37,150570,150572],{"className":39,"code":150571,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150573,150574,150594],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150575,150576,150578,150580,150582,150584,150586,150588,150590,150592],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150577,53],{"class":52},[46,150579,57],{"class":56},[46,150581,9406],{"class":60},[46,150583,3175],{"class":64},[46,150585,68],{"class":60},[46,150587,71],{"class":64},[46,150589,68],{"class":60},[46,150591,312],{"class":64},[46,150593,215],{"class":60},[46,150595,150596],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150597,150598],{"class":3845},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150600,150601],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[283,150603,37372,150605,150608],{"id":150604},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150606,150607],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150610,64804],{},[37,150612,150613],{"className":39,"code":150231,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,150614,150615,150633],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150616,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627,150629,150631],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150618,36259],{"class":52},[46,150620,57],{"class":56},[46,150622,149313],{"class":1270},[46,150624,94],{"class":60},[46,150626,427],{"class":426},[46,150628,41725],{"class":430},[46,150630,427],{"class":426},[46,150632,215],{"class":60},[46,150634,150635,150637,150639,150641],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150636,91],{"class":90},[46,150638,94],{"class":60},[46,150640,36312],{"class":102},[46,150642,215],{"class":60},[20,150644,150645],{},"gives:",[37,150647,150648],{"className":39,"code":150266,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,150649,150650],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150651,150652,150654,150656,150658,150660,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674,150676],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150653,94],{"class":60},[46,150655,1188],{"class":426},[46,150657,501],{"class":430},[46,150659,1188],{"class":426},[46,150661,68],{"class":60},[46,150663,1197],{"class":426},[46,150665,4935],{"class":430},[46,150667,1188],{"class":426},[46,150669,68],{"class":60},[46,150671,1197],{"class":426},[46,150673,9908],{"class":430},[46,150675,1188],{"class":426},[46,150677,215],{"class":60},[20,150679,150680],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[37,150682,150684],{"className":39,"code":150683,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150685,150686,150702],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150687,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698,150700],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150689,6326],{"class":52},[46,150691,57],{"class":56},[46,150693,9406],{"class":60},[46,150695,427],{"class":426},[46,150697,41725],{"class":430},[46,150699,427],{"class":426},[46,150701,149303],{"class":60},[46,150703,150704,150706,150708,150710],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150705,91],{"class":90},[46,150707,94],{"class":60},[46,150709,38556],{"class":102},[46,150711,215],{"class":60},[20,150713,143],{},[37,150715,150717],{"className":39,"code":150716,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('abc',)\n",[15,150718,150719],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150720,150721,150723,150725,150727,150729],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150722,94],{"class":60},[46,150724,1188],{"class":426},[46,150726,41725],{"class":430},[46,150728,1188],{"class":426},[46,150730,149303],{"class":60},[283,150732,150734],{"id":150733},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150736,150737],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[37,150739,150741],{"className":39,"code":150740,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150742,150743,150760,150764,150774,150788],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150744,150745,150748,150750,150752,150754,150756,150758],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150746,150747],{"class":52},"my_tuple ",[46,150749,57],{"class":56},[46,150751,9406],{"class":60},[46,150753,427],{"class":426},[46,150755,756],{"class":430},[46,150757,427],{"class":426},[46,150759,149303],{"class":60},[46,150761,150762],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150763,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,150765,150766,150768,150770,150772],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,150767,91],{"class":90},[46,150769,94],{"class":60},[46,150771,147965],{"class":102},[46,150773,215],{"class":60},[46,150775,150776,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,150777,91],{"class":90},[46,150779,94],{"class":60},[46,150781,1889],{"class":1270},[46,150783,94],{"class":60},[46,150785,147965],{"class":102},[46,150787,106],{"class":60},[46,150789,150790,150792,150794,150796,150798,150800],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,150791,91],{"class":90},[46,150793,94],{"class":60},[46,150795,476],{"class":90},[46,150797,94],{"class":60},[46,150799,147965],{"class":102},[46,150801,106],{"class":60},[32,150803,1991],{"id":1990},[283,150805,150807],{"id":150806},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150809,150810,150811,150814],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150812,150813],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[283,150816,150818],{"id":150817},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150820,150821],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[283,150823,150825],{"id":150824},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150827,150828],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[283,150830,150832],{"id":150831},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150834,150835],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[283,150837,1995,150839,12884],{"id":150838},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150840,150607],{},[20,150842,5320,150843,150846],{},[15,150844,150845],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[32,150848,2065],{"id":2064},[172,150850,150851,150855,150859,150865,150870,150875,150879],{},[175,150852,150853],{},[501,150854,147947],{"href":147946},[175,150856,150857],{},[501,150858,149620],{"href":149619},[175,150860,150861],{},[501,150862,150864],{"href":150863},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[175,150866,150867],{},[501,150868,150869],{"href":149185},"Python tuple length with len()",[175,150871,150872],{},[501,150873,150874],{"href":149250},"What is a tuple in Python?",[175,150876,150877],{},[501,150878,63378],{"href":63377},[175,150880,150881],{},[501,150882,150883],{"href":150388},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2103,150885,150886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":150888},[150889,150890,150891,150892,150893,150894,150900,150906,150907,150915,150923],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":15328,"depth":87,"text":15329},{"id":149479,"depth":87,"text":149480},{"id":149623,"depth":87,"text":149624},{"id":149716,"depth":87,"text":149717},{"id":149909,"depth":87,"text":149910,"children":150895},[150896,150897,150898,150899],{"id":103,"depth":109,"text":56624},{"id":5480,"depth":109,"text":56627},{"id":150001,"depth":109,"text":150002},{"id":150044,"depth":109,"text":150045},{"id":150151,"depth":87,"text":150901,"children":150902},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150903,150904,150905],{"id":105205,"depth":109,"text":105206},{"id":105391,"depth":109,"text":105392},{"id":150302,"depth":109,"text":150303},{"id":20967,"depth":87,"text":20968},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":150908},[150909,150910,150911,150912,150914],{"id":150397,"depth":109,"text":150398},{"id":150477,"depth":109,"text":150478},{"id":150565,"depth":109,"text":150566},{"id":150604,"depth":109,"text":150913},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150733,"depth":109,"text":150734},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":150916},[150917,150918,150919,150920,150921],{"id":150806,"depth":109,"text":150807},{"id":150817,"depth":109,"text":150818},{"id":150824,"depth":109,"text":150825},{"id":150831,"depth":109,"text":150832},{"id":150838,"depth":109,"text":150922},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149236,"description":150924},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150931,"title":150932,"body":150933,"description":152478,"extension":2150,"meta":152479,"navigation":112,"path":152480,"seo":152481,"stem":152482,"__hash__":152483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150934,"toc":152448},[150935,150938,150943,150945,150958,150964,150966,151033,151035,151070,151075,151079,151083,151085,151096,151104,151106,151108,151129,151131,151151,151154,151156,151161,151204,151206,151228,151231,151244,151248,151252,151255,151308,151310,151331,151336,151340,151343,151388,151390,151423,151435,151439,151447,151484,151486,151515,151519,151522,151575,151577,151597,151604,151608,151613,151682,151684,151709,151713,151716,151722,151799,151801,151860,151862,151874,151879,151883,151887,151901,151903,151938,151940,151957,151960,151973,151977,151981,151992,151997,152012,152015,152018,152020,152023,152027,152029,152043,152045,152069,152074,152078,152081,152100,152103,152152,152157,152174,152177,152210,152214,152216,152267,152270,152295,152298,152321,152325,152331,152333,152368,152371,152376,152378,152382,152385,152389,152394,152398,152401,152405,152408,152412,152417,152419,152445],[10,150936,150932],{"id":150937},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150939,9295,150940,150942],{},[15,150941,38212],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150944,82736],{},[172,150946,150947,150952],{},[175,150948,150949,150951],{},[15,150950,38212],{}," creates an empty tuple",[175,150953,150954,150957],{},[15,150955,150956],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150959,150960,150961,150963],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150962,38212],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[32,150965,35],{"id":34},[37,150967,150969],{"className":39,"code":150968,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150970,150971,150991,151005,151009,151019],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,150972,150973,150975,150977,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,150974,53],{"class":52},[46,150976,57],{"class":56},[46,150978,61],{"class":60},[46,150980,3175],{"class":64},[46,150982,68],{"class":60},[46,150984,71],{"class":64},[46,150986,68],{"class":60},[46,150988,312],{"class":64},[46,150990,84],{"class":60},[46,150992,150993,150995,150997,150999,151001,151003],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,150994,2416],{"class":52},[46,150996,57],{"class":56},[46,150998,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151000,94],{"class":60},[46,151002,103],{"class":102},[46,151004,215],{"class":60},[46,151006,151007],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151008,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151010,151011,151013,151015,151017],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,151012,91],{"class":90},[46,151014,94],{"class":60},[46,151016,2451],{"class":102},[46,151018,215],{"class":60},[46,151020,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,151022,91],{"class":90},[46,151024,94],{"class":60},[46,151026,1889],{"class":1270},[46,151028,94],{"class":60},[46,151030,2451],{"class":102},[46,151032,106],{"class":60},[20,151034,143],{},[37,151036,151038],{"className":39,"code":151037,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,151039,151040,151056],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151041,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151043,94],{"class":60},[46,151045,3175],{"class":64},[46,151047,68],{"class":60},[46,151049,71],{"class":64},[46,151051,68],{"class":60},[46,151053,312],{"class":64},[46,151055,215],{"class":60},[46,151057,151058,151060,151062,151064,151066,151068],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151059,3476],{"class":56},[46,151061,3479],{"class":1140},[46,151063,1197],{"class":426},[46,151065,49116],{"class":430},[46,151067,1188],{"class":426},[46,151069,3488],{"class":56},[20,151071,160,151072,151074],{},[15,151073,150956],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[32,151076,151078],{"id":151077},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151080,151081,63086],{},[15,151082,38212],{},[20,151084,49090],{},[172,151086,151087,151090,151093],{},[175,151088,151089],{},"creates a tuple object",[175,151091,151092],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[175,151094,151095],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151097,151098,151099,151101,151102,507],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[501,151100,149251],{"href":149250}," or the full guide to ",[501,151103,147947],{"href":147946},[32,151105,2343],{"id":2342},[20,151107,26655],{},[37,151109,151111],{"className":39,"code":151110,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151112,151113,151119],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151114,151115,151117],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151116,49116],{"class":1270},[46,151118,8814],{"class":60},[46,151120,151121,151123,151125,151127],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151122,49116],{"class":1270},[46,151124,94],{"class":60},[46,151126,212],{"class":102},[46,151128,215],{"class":60},[20,151130,888],{},[172,151132,151133,151136],{},[175,151134,151135],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[175,151137,151138,151139],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[172,151140,151141,151143,151145,151147,151149],{},[175,151142,5471],{},[175,151144,5480],{},[175,151146,63157],{},[175,151148,5477],{},[175,151150,7424],{},[20,151152,151153],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[32,151155,149624],{"id":149623},[20,151157,29817,151158,151160],{},[15,151159,38212],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[37,151162,151164],{"className":39,"code":151163,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151165,151166,151176,151180,151190],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151167,151168,151170,151172,151174],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151169,124811],{"class":52},[46,151171,57],{"class":56},[46,151173,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151175,8814],{"class":60},[46,151177,151178],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151179,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151181,151182,151184,151186,151188],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151183,91],{"class":90},[46,151185,94],{"class":60},[46,151187,124862],{"class":102},[46,151189,215],{"class":60},[46,151191,151192,151194,151196,151198,151200,151202],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,151193,91],{"class":90},[46,151195,94],{"class":60},[46,151197,1889],{"class":1270},[46,151199,94],{"class":60},[46,151201,124862],{"class":102},[46,151203,106],{"class":60},[20,151205,143],{},[37,151207,151208],{"className":39,"code":149669,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,151209,151210,151214],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151211,151212],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151213,8814],{"class":60},[46,151215,151216,151218,151220,151222,151224,151226],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151217,3476],{"class":56},[46,151219,3479],{"class":1140},[46,151221,1197],{"class":426},[46,151223,49116],{"class":430},[46,151225,1188],{"class":426},[46,151227,3488],{"class":56},[20,151229,151230],{},"This is equivalent to:",[37,151232,151234],{"className":39,"code":151233,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty = ()\n",[15,151235,151236],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151237,151238,151240,151242],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151239,124811],{"class":52},[46,151241,57],{"class":56},[46,151243,149289],{"class":60},[32,151245,151247],{"id":151246},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[283,151249,151251],{"id":151250},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151253,151254],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[37,151256,151258],{"className":39,"code":151257,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151259,151260,151280,151294,151298],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151261,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272,151274,151276,151278],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151263,53],{"class":52},[46,151265,57],{"class":56},[46,151267,61],{"class":60},[46,151269,1494],{"class":64},[46,151271,68],{"class":60},[46,151273,7962],{"class":64},[46,151275,68],{"class":60},[46,151277,7967],{"class":64},[46,151279,84],{"class":60},[46,151281,151282,151284,151286,151288,151290,151292],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151283,2416],{"class":52},[46,151285,57],{"class":56},[46,151287,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151289,94],{"class":60},[46,151291,103],{"class":102},[46,151293,215],{"class":60},[46,151295,151296],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151297,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151299,151300,151302,151304,151306],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,151301,91],{"class":90},[46,151303,94],{"class":60},[46,151305,2451],{"class":102},[46,151307,215],{"class":60},[20,151309,143],{},[37,151311,151313],{"className":39,"code":151312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151314,151315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151316,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151318,94],{"class":60},[46,151320,1494],{"class":64},[46,151322,68],{"class":60},[46,151324,7962],{"class":64},[46,151326,68],{"class":60},[46,151328,7967],{"class":64},[46,151330,215],{"class":60},[20,151332,151333,151334,507],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[501,151335,105011],{"href":60215},[283,151337,151339],{"id":151338},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151341,151342],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[37,151344,151346],{"className":39,"code":151345,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151347,151348,151360,151374,151378],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151349,151350,151352,151354,151356,151358],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151351,34856],{"class":52},[46,151353,57],{"class":56},[46,151355,438],{"class":426},[46,151357,934],{"class":430},[46,151359,3544],{"class":426},[46,151361,151362,151364,151366,151368,151370,151372],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151363,2416],{"class":52},[46,151365,57],{"class":56},[46,151367,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151369,94],{"class":60},[46,151371,34877],{"class":102},[46,151373,215],{"class":60},[46,151375,151376],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151377,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151379,151380,151382,151384,151386],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,151381,91],{"class":90},[46,151383,94],{"class":60},[46,151385,2451],{"class":102},[46,151387,215],{"class":60},[20,151389,143],{},[37,151391,151393],{"className":39,"code":151392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151394,151395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417,151419,151421],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151398,94],{"class":60},[46,151400,1188],{"class":426},[46,151402,9908],{"class":430},[46,151404,1188],{"class":426},[46,151406,68],{"class":60},[46,151408,1197],{"class":426},[46,151410,501],{"class":430},[46,151412,1188],{"class":426},[46,151414,68],{"class":60},[46,151416,1197],{"class":426},[46,151418,63447],{"class":430},[46,151420,1188],{"class":426},[46,151422,215],{"class":60},[20,151424,151425,151426,14221,151429,151431,151432,507],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151427,151428],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3924,151430,4805],{}," create ",[15,151433,151434],{},"('cat',)",[283,151436,151438],{"id":151437},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151440,151441,151443,151444,151446],{},[15,151442,36367],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151445,38212],{}," collects them all.",[37,151448,151450],{"className":39,"code":151449,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151451,151452,151470,151474],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151453,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151455,2416],{"class":52},[46,151457,57],{"class":56},[46,151459,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151461,94],{"class":60},[46,151463,60158],{"class":90},[46,151465,94],{"class":60},[46,151467,65],{"class":64},[46,151469,106],{"class":60},[46,151471,151472],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151473,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151475,151476,151478,151480,151482],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151477,91],{"class":90},[46,151479,94],{"class":60},[46,151481,2451],{"class":102},[46,151483,215],{"class":60},[20,151485,143],{},[37,151487,151489],{"className":39,"code":151488,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151490,151491],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151492,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151494,94],{"class":60},[46,151496,554],{"class":64},[46,151498,68],{"class":60},[46,151500,81],{"class":64},[46,151502,68],{"class":60},[46,151504,71],{"class":64},[46,151506,68],{"class":60},[46,151508,312],{"class":64},[46,151510,68],{"class":60},[46,151512,2643],{"class":64},[46,151514,215],{"class":60},[283,151516,151518],{"id":151517},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151520,151521],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[37,151523,151525],{"className":39,"code":151524,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151526,151527,151547,151561,151565],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151528,151529,151531,151533,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151530,4004],{"class":52},[46,151532,57],{"class":56},[46,151534,10660],{"class":60},[46,151536,3175],{"class":64},[46,151538,68],{"class":60},[46,151540,71],{"class":64},[46,151542,68],{"class":60},[46,151544,312],{"class":64},[46,151546,1105],{"class":60},[46,151548,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151550,2416],{"class":52},[46,151552,57],{"class":56},[46,151554,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151556,94],{"class":60},[46,151558,5530],{"class":102},[46,151560,215],{"class":60},[46,151562,151563],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151564,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151566,151567,151569,151571,151573],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,151568,91],{"class":90},[46,151570,94],{"class":60},[46,151572,2451],{"class":102},[46,151574,215],{"class":60},[20,151576,143],{},[37,151578,151579],{"className":39,"code":149526,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,151580,151581],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151582,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591,151593,151595],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151584,94],{"class":60},[46,151586,3175],{"class":64},[46,151588,68],{"class":60},[46,151590,71],{"class":64},[46,151592,68],{"class":60},[46,151594,312],{"class":64},[46,151596,215],{"class":60},[20,151598,151599,151600,507],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[501,151601,151603],{"href":151602},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[283,151605,151607],{"id":151606},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151609,63700,151610,151612],{},[15,151611,38212],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[37,151614,151616],{"className":39,"code":151615,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151617,151618,151654,151668,151672],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151619,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642,151644,151646,151648,151650,151652],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151621,13372],{"class":52},[46,151623,57],{"class":56},[46,151625,10660],{"class":60},[46,151627,427],{"class":426},[46,151629,1009],{"class":430},[46,151631,427],{"class":426},[46,151633,198],{"class":60},[46,151635,438],{"class":426},[46,151637,1018],{"class":430},[46,151639,427],{"class":426},[46,151641,68],{"class":60},[46,151643,438],{"class":426},[46,151645,9468],{"class":430},[46,151647,427],{"class":426},[46,151649,198],{"class":60},[46,151651,9475],{"class":64},[46,151653,1105],{"class":60},[46,151655,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151657,2416],{"class":52},[46,151659,57],{"class":56},[46,151661,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151663,94],{"class":60},[46,151665,17473],{"class":102},[46,151667,215],{"class":60},[46,151669,151670],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151671,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151673,151674,151676,151678,151680],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,151675,91],{"class":90},[46,151677,94],{"class":60},[46,151679,2451],{"class":102},[46,151681,215],{"class":60},[20,151683,30197],{},[37,151685,151687],{"className":39,"code":151686,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151688,151689],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151690,151691,151693,151695,151697,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151692,94],{"class":60},[46,151694,1188],{"class":426},[46,151696,1009],{"class":430},[46,151698,1188],{"class":426},[46,151700,68],{"class":60},[46,151702,1197],{"class":426},[46,151704,9468],{"class":430},[46,151706,1188],{"class":426},[46,151708,215],{"class":60},[32,151710,151712],{"id":151711},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151714,151715],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151717,151718,151721],{},[15,151719,151720],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[37,151723,151725],{"className":39,"code":151724,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151726,151727,151763,151767,151781],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151728,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151730,13372],{"class":52},[46,151732,57],{"class":56},[46,151734,10660],{"class":60},[46,151736,427],{"class":426},[46,151738,1009],{"class":430},[46,151740,427],{"class":426},[46,151742,198],{"class":60},[46,151744,438],{"class":426},[46,151746,1018],{"class":430},[46,151748,427],{"class":426},[46,151750,68],{"class":60},[46,151752,438],{"class":426},[46,151754,9468],{"class":430},[46,151756,427],{"class":426},[46,151758,198],{"class":60},[46,151760,9475],{"class":64},[46,151762,1105],{"class":60},[46,151764,151765],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151766,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,151768,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,151770,91],{"class":90},[46,151772,94],{"class":60},[46,151774,49116],{"class":1270},[46,151776,94],{"class":60},[46,151778,17473],{"class":102},[46,151780,106],{"class":60},[46,151782,151783,151785,151787,151789,151791,151793,151795,151797],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,151784,91],{"class":90},[46,151786,94],{"class":60},[46,151788,49116],{"class":1270},[46,151790,94],{"class":60},[46,151792,17473],{"class":102},[46,151794,507],{"class":60},[46,151796,1415],{"class":102},[46,151798,6462],{"class":60},[20,151800,143],{},[37,151802,151804],{"className":39,"code":151803,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151805,151806,151826],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151807,151808,151810,151812,151814,151816,151818,151820,151822,151824],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151809,94],{"class":60},[46,151811,1188],{"class":426},[46,151813,1009],{"class":430},[46,151815,1188],{"class":426},[46,151817,68],{"class":60},[46,151819,1197],{"class":426},[46,151821,9468],{"class":430},[46,151823,1188],{"class":426},[46,151825,215],{"class":60},[46,151827,151828,151830,151832,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850,151852,151854,151856,151858],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151829,5682],{"class":60},[46,151831,1188],{"class":426},[46,151833,1009],{"class":430},[46,151835,1188],{"class":426},[46,151837,68],{"class":60},[46,151839,1197],{"class":426},[46,151841,1018],{"class":430},[46,151843,1188],{"class":426},[46,151845,9403],{"class":60},[46,151847,9406],{"class":60},[46,151849,1188],{"class":426},[46,151851,9468],{"class":430},[46,151853,1188],{"class":426},[46,151855,68],{"class":60},[46,151857,9475],{"class":64},[46,151859,106],{"class":60},[20,151861,18862],{},[172,151863,151864,151869],{},[175,151865,151866,151868],{},[15,151867,151720],{}," for keys",[175,151870,151871,32725],{},[15,151872,151873],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151875,151876,151877,507],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[501,151878,63710],{"href":63709},[32,151880,151882],{"id":151881},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151884,151885,18486],{},[15,151886,38212],{},[172,151888,151889,151892,151895,151898],{},[175,151890,151891],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[175,151893,151894],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[175,151896,151897],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[175,151899,151900],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151902,2393],{},[37,151904,151906],{"className":39,"code":151905,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151907,151908,151927],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151909,151910,151913,151915,151917,151919,151921,151923,151925],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151911,151912],{"class":52},"coordinates ",[46,151914,57],{"class":56},[46,151916,149313],{"class":1270},[46,151918,3172],{"class":60},[46,151920,2691],{"class":64},[46,151922,68],{"class":60},[46,151924,6165],{"class":64},[46,151926,1161],{"class":60},[46,151928,151929,151931,151933,151936],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,151930,91],{"class":90},[46,151932,94],{"class":60},[46,151934,151935],{"class":102},"coordinates",[46,151937,215],{"class":60},[20,151939,143],{},[37,151941,151943],{"className":39,"code":151942,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151944,151945],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,151946,151947,151949,151951,151953,151955],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,151948,94],{"class":60},[46,151950,2691],{"class":64},[46,151952,68],{"class":60},[46,151954,6165],{"class":64},[46,151956,215],{"class":60},[20,151958,151959],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[172,151961,151962,151964,151967,151970],{},[175,151963,151935],{},[175,151965,151966],{},"RGB colors",[175,151968,151969],{},"dates",[175,151971,151972],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[32,151974,151976],{"id":151975},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151978,44593,151979,1801],{},[15,151980,38212],{},[172,151982,151983,151986,151989],{},[175,151984,151985],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[175,151987,151988],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[175,151990,151991],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151993,116438,151994,151996],{},[3924,151995,4805],{}," work:",[37,151998,152000],{"className":39,"code":151999,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple(5)\n",[15,152001,152002],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152003,152004,152006,152008,152010],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152005,49116],{"class":1270},[46,152007,94],{"class":60},[46,152009,65],{"class":64},[46,152011,215],{"class":60},[20,152013,152014],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,152016,152017],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[32,152019,115276],{"id":115275},[20,152021,152022],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[283,152024,152026],{"id":152025},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,152028,3023],{},[37,152030,152031],{"className":39,"code":151999,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,152032,152033],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152034,152035,152037,152039,152041],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152036,49116],{"class":1270},[46,152038,94],{"class":60},[46,152040,65],{"class":64},[46,152042,215],{"class":60},[20,152044,29848],{},[37,152046,152047],{"className":39,"code":63814,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,152048,152049],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152050,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152052,1638],{"class":1270},[46,152054,198],{"class":60},[46,152056,1197],{"class":426},[46,152058,1584],{"class":430},[46,152060,1188],{"class":426},[46,152062,24785],{"class":1270},[46,152064,8268],{"class":56},[46,152066,8271],{"class":56},[46,152068,63837],{"class":52},[20,152070,152071,152072,507],{},"If you see this, read ",[501,152073,62451],{"href":52762},[283,152075,152077],{"id":152076},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152079,152080],{},"This code:",[37,152082,152084],{"className":39,"code":152083,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152085,152086],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152087,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152089,49116],{"class":1270},[46,152091,94],{"class":60},[46,152093,427],{"class":426},[46,152095,4027],{"class":430},[46,152097,427],{"class":426},[46,152099,215],{"class":60},[20,152101,152102],{},"returns:",[37,152104,152106],{"className":39,"code":152105,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152107,152108],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152109,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152111,94],{"class":60},[46,152113,1188],{"class":426},[46,152115,60598],{"class":430},[46,152117,1188],{"class":426},[46,152119,68],{"class":60},[46,152121,1197],{"class":426},[46,152123,60607],{"class":430},[46,152125,1188],{"class":426},[46,152127,68],{"class":60},[46,152129,1197],{"class":426},[46,152131,60616],{"class":430},[46,152133,1188],{"class":426},[46,152135,68],{"class":60},[46,152137,1197],{"class":426},[46,152139,60616],{"class":430},[46,152141,1188],{"class":426},[46,152143,68],{"class":60},[46,152145,1197],{"class":426},[46,152147,60633],{"class":430},[46,152149,1188],{"class":426},[46,152151,215],{"class":60},[20,152153,41070,152154,152156],{},[3924,152155,4805],{}," return:",[37,152158,152160],{"className":39,"code":152159,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('hello',)\n",[15,152161,152162],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152163,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152165,94],{"class":60},[46,152167,1188],{"class":426},[46,152169,4027],{"class":430},[46,152171,1188],{"class":426},[46,152173,149303],{"class":60},[20,152175,152176],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[37,152178,152180],{"className":39,"code":152179,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152181,152182,152199],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152183,152184,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152185,152186],{"class":52},"single ",[46,152188,57],{"class":56},[46,152190,9406],{"class":60},[46,152192,427],{"class":426},[46,152194,4027],{"class":430},[46,152196,427],{"class":426},[46,152198,149303],{"class":60},[46,152200,152201,152203,152205,152208],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,152202,91],{"class":90},[46,152204,94],{"class":60},[46,152206,152207],{"class":102},"single",[46,152209,215],{"class":60},[283,152211,152213],{"id":152212},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152215,152080],{},[37,152217,152219],{"className":39,"code":152218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152220,152221,152253],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152222,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152224,1487],{"class":52},[46,152226,57],{"class":56},[46,152228,10660],{"class":60},[46,152230,427],{"class":426},[46,152232,501],{"class":430},[46,152234,427],{"class":426},[46,152236,198],{"class":60},[46,152238,81],{"class":64},[46,152240,68],{"class":60},[46,152242,438],{"class":426},[46,152244,4935],{"class":430},[46,152246,427],{"class":426},[46,152248,198],{"class":60},[46,152250,71],{"class":64},[46,152252,1105],{"class":60},[46,152254,152255,152257,152259,152261,152263,152265],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,152256,91],{"class":90},[46,152258,94],{"class":60},[46,152260,49116],{"class":1270},[46,152262,94],{"class":60},[46,152264,1523],{"class":102},[46,152266,106],{"class":60},[20,152268,152269],{},"returns only the keys:",[37,152271,152273],{"className":39,"code":152272,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152274,152275],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152276,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152278,94],{"class":60},[46,152280,1188],{"class":426},[46,152282,501],{"class":430},[46,152284,1188],{"class":426},[46,152286,68],{"class":60},[46,152288,1197],{"class":426},[46,152290,4935],{"class":430},[46,152292,1188],{"class":426},[46,152294,215],{"class":60},[20,152296,152297],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[37,152299,152301],{"className":39,"code":152300,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152302,152303],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152304,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152306,91],{"class":90},[46,152308,94],{"class":60},[46,152310,49116],{"class":1270},[46,152312,94],{"class":60},[46,152314,1523],{"class":102},[46,152316,507],{"class":60},[46,152318,1415],{"class":102},[46,152320,6462],{"class":60},[283,152322,152324],{"id":152323},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152326,152327,152328,152330],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152329,38212],{}," conversion.",[20,152332,5644],{},[37,152334,152336],{"className":39,"code":152335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152337,152338,152358],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152339,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152341,2633],{"class":52},[46,152343,57],{"class":56},[46,152345,9406],{"class":60},[46,152347,3175],{"class":64},[46,152349,68],{"class":60},[46,152351,71],{"class":64},[46,152353,68],{"class":60},[46,152355,312],{"class":64},[46,152357,215],{"class":60},[46,152359,152360,152362,152364,152366],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,152361,91],{"class":90},[46,152363,94],{"class":60},[46,152365,2659],{"class":102},[46,152367,215],{"class":60},[20,152369,152370],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152372,25673,152373,152375],{},[15,152374,38212],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[32,152377,1991],{"id":1990},[283,152379,152381],{"id":152380},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152383,152384],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[283,152386,152388],{"id":152387},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152390,152391,152392,507],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152393,1277],{},[283,152395,152397],{"id":152396},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152399,152400],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[283,152402,152404],{"id":152403},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152406,152407],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[283,152409,152411],{"id":152410},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152413,152414,152415,507],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152416,1638],{},[32,152418,2065],{"id":2064},[172,152420,152421,152425,152429,152433,152437,152441],{},[175,152422,152423],{},[501,152424,147947],{"href":147946},[175,152426,152427],{},[501,152428,150874],{"href":149250},[175,152430,152431],{},[501,152432,105011],{"href":60215},[175,152434,152435],{},[501,152436,151603],{"href":151602},[175,152438,152439],{},[501,152440,63710],{"href":63709},[175,152442,152443],{},[501,152444,62451],{"href":52762},[2103,152446,152447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":152449},[152450,152451,152452,152453,152454,152461,152462,152463,152464,152470,152477],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":151077,"depth":87,"text":151078},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":149623,"depth":87,"text":149624},{"id":151246,"depth":87,"text":151247,"children":152455},[152456,152457,152458,152459,152460],{"id":151250,"depth":109,"text":151251},{"id":151338,"depth":109,"text":151339},{"id":151437,"depth":109,"text":151438},{"id":151517,"depth":109,"text":151518},{"id":151606,"depth":109,"text":151607},{"id":151711,"depth":87,"text":151712},{"id":151881,"depth":87,"text":151882},{"id":151975,"depth":87,"text":151976},{"id":115275,"depth":87,"text":115276,"children":152465},[152466,152467,152468,152469],{"id":152025,"depth":109,"text":152026},{"id":152076,"depth":109,"text":152077},{"id":152212,"depth":109,"text":152213},{"id":152323,"depth":109,"text":152324},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":152471},[152472,152473,152474,152475,152476],{"id":152380,"depth":109,"text":152381},{"id":152387,"depth":109,"text":152388},{"id":152396,"depth":109,"text":152397},{"id":152403,"depth":109,"text":152404},{"id":152410,"depth":109,"text":152411},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150932,"description":152478},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152485,"title":152486,"body":152487,"description":153900,"extension":2150,"meta":153901,"navigation":112,"path":153902,"seo":153903,"stem":153904,"__hash__":153905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152488,"toc":153872},[152489,152494,152499,152502,152504,152583,152589,152594,152598,152613,152615,152662,152664,152672,152680,152686,152688,152693,152713,152716,152743,152745,152769,152771,152913,152915,152919,152927,152930,152932,153009,153011,153019,153023,153027,153037,153047,153049,153054,153056,153115,153120,153122,153222,153224,153238,153243,153249,153256,153259,153261,153371,153375,153392,153394,153457,153459,153467,153479,153483,153488,153516,153519,153601,153603,153614,153616,153620,153647,153649,153651,153731,153739,153741,153796,153798,153803,153806,153810,153814,153816,153820,153824,153832,153839,153842,153844,153869],[10,152490,147831,152492,11490],{"id":152491},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152493,59127],{},[20,152495,152496,152498],{},[15,152497,149152],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152500,152501],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[32,152503,35],{"id":34},[37,152505,152507],{"className":39,"code":152506,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152508,152509,152549,152571],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152510,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525,152527,152529,152531,152533,152535,152537,152539,152541,152543,152545,152547],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152512,13243],{"class":52},[46,152514,57],{"class":56},[46,152516,9406],{"class":60},[46,152518,427],{"class":426},[46,152520,13260],{"class":430},[46,152522,427],{"class":426},[46,152524,68],{"class":60},[46,152526,438],{"class":426},[46,152528,13277],{"class":430},[46,152530,427],{"class":426},[46,152532,68],{"class":60},[46,152534,438],{"class":426},[46,152536,17622],{"class":430},[46,152538,427],{"class":426},[46,152540,68],{"class":60},[46,152542,438],{"class":426},[46,152544,13277],{"class":430},[46,152546,427],{"class":426},[46,152548,215],{"class":60},[46,152550,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565,152567,152569],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,152552,65080],{"class":52},[46,152554,57],{"class":56},[46,152556,13291],{"class":52},[46,152558,507],{"class":60},[46,152560,36016],{"class":102},[46,152562,94],{"class":60},[46,152564,427],{"class":426},[46,152566,13277],{"class":430},[46,152568,427],{"class":426},[46,152570,215],{"class":60},[46,152572,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,152574,91],{"class":90},[46,152576,94],{"class":60},[46,152578,65107],{"class":102},[46,152580,1592],{"class":60},[46,152582,27947],{"class":3845},[20,152584,152585,152588],{},[15,152586,152587],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[32,152590,167,152592,170],{"id":152591},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152593,149152],{},[20,152595,882,152596,11581],{},[15,152597,59127],{},[172,152599,152600,152603,152605,152608],{},[175,152601,152602],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[175,152604,128429],{},[175,152606,152607],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[175,152609,152610,152611],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152612,554],{},[20,152614,2393],{},[37,152616,152618],{"className":39,"code":152617,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152619,152620,152644],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152621,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152623,53],{"class":52},[46,152625,57],{"class":56},[46,152627,9406],{"class":60},[46,152629,1494],{"class":64},[46,152631,68],{"class":60},[46,152633,7962],{"class":64},[46,152635,68],{"class":60},[46,152637,7967],{"class":64},[46,152639,68],{"class":60},[46,152641,7962],{"class":64},[46,152643,215],{"class":60},[46,152645,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,152647,91],{"class":90},[46,152649,94],{"class":60},[46,152651,103],{"class":102},[46,152653,507],{"class":60},[46,152655,36016],{"class":102},[46,152657,94],{"class":60},[46,152659,1501],{"class":64},[46,152661,106],{"class":60},[20,152663,143],{},[37,152665,152666],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,152667,152668],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152669,152670],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152671,153],{"class":64},[20,152673,21145,152674,152676,152677,152679],{},[15,152675,1501],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152678,59127],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152681,151098,152682,507],{},[501,152683,152685],{"href":152684},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[32,152687,2343],{"id":2342},[20,152689,7935,152690,152692],{},[15,152691,59127],{}," in two ways:",[37,152694,152696],{"className":39,"code":152695,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152697,152698],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152699,152700,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152701,152702],{"class":52},"tuple_name",[46,152704,507],{"class":60},[46,152706,36016],{"class":102},[46,152708,94],{"class":60},[46,152710,2659],{"class":102},[46,152712,215],{"class":60},[20,152714,152715],{},"or:",[37,152717,152719],{"className":39,"code":152718,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152720,152721],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152722,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152724,152702],{"class":52},[46,152726,507],{"class":60},[46,152728,36016],{"class":102},[46,152730,94],{"class":60},[46,152732,2659],{"class":102},[46,152734,68],{"class":60},[46,152736,36220],{"class":102},[46,152738,68],{"class":60},[46,152740,65201],{"class":102},[46,152742,215],{"class":60},[283,152744,17561],{"id":17560},[172,152746,152747,152752,152757,152762],{},[175,152748,152749,152751],{},[15,152750,2659],{}," — the item to search for",[175,152753,152754,152756],{},[15,152755,36241],{}," — optional starting position",[175,152758,152759,152761],{},[15,152760,52823],{}," — optional ending position",[175,152763,152764,4958,152766,152768],{},[15,152765,52823],{},[3924,152767,65230],{}," in the search",[20,152770,2393],{},[37,152772,152774],{"className":39,"code":152773,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152775,152776,152824,152828,152853,152881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152777,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152779,36259],{"class":52},[46,152781,57],{"class":56},[46,152783,9406],{"class":60},[46,152785,427],{"class":426},[46,152787,501],{"class":430},[46,152789,427],{"class":426},[46,152791,68],{"class":60},[46,152793,438],{"class":426},[46,152795,4935],{"class":430},[46,152797,427],{"class":426},[46,152799,68],{"class":60},[46,152801,438],{"class":426},[46,152803,9908],{"class":430},[46,152805,427],{"class":426},[46,152807,68],{"class":60},[46,152809,438],{"class":426},[46,152811,4935],{"class":430},[46,152813,427],{"class":426},[46,152815,68],{"class":60},[46,152817,438],{"class":426},[46,152819,18935],{"class":430},[46,152821,427],{"class":426},[46,152823,215],{"class":60},[46,152825,152826],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,152827,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,152829,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,152831,91],{"class":90},[46,152833,94],{"class":60},[46,152835,36312],{"class":102},[46,152837,507],{"class":60},[46,152839,36016],{"class":102},[46,152841,94],{"class":60},[46,152843,427],{"class":426},[46,152845,4935],{"class":430},[46,152847,427],{"class":426},[46,152849,5533],{"class":60},[46,152851,152852],{"class":3845},"        # 1\n",[46,152854,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865,152867,152869,152871,152873,152875,152877,152879],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,152856,91],{"class":90},[46,152858,94],{"class":60},[46,152860,36312],{"class":102},[46,152862,507],{"class":60},[46,152864,36016],{"class":102},[46,152866,94],{"class":60},[46,152868,427],{"class":426},[46,152870,4935],{"class":430},[46,152872,427],{"class":426},[46,152874,68],{"class":60},[46,152876,71],{"class":64},[46,152878,5533],{"class":60},[46,152880,51082],{"class":3845},[46,152882,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909,152911],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,152884,91],{"class":90},[46,152886,94],{"class":60},[46,152888,36312],{"class":102},[46,152890,507],{"class":60},[46,152892,36016],{"class":102},[46,152894,94],{"class":60},[46,152896,427],{"class":426},[46,152898,4935],{"class":430},[46,152900,427],{"class":426},[46,152902,68],{"class":60},[46,152904,81],{"class":64},[46,152906,68],{"class":60},[46,152908,312],{"class":64},[46,152910,5533],{"class":60},[46,152912,27947],{"class":3845},[32,152914,103338],{"id":103337},[20,152916,152917,25676],{},[15,152918,149152],{},[172,152920,152921,152924],{},[175,152922,152923],{},"An integer",[175,152925,152926],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152928,152929],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152931,2393],{},[37,152933,152935],{"className":39,"code":152934,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152936,152937,152977,152999],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,152938,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959,152961,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,152940,108437],{"class":52},[46,152942,57],{"class":56},[46,152944,9406],{"class":60},[46,152946,427],{"class":426},[46,152948,934],{"class":430},[46,152950,427],{"class":426},[46,152952,68],{"class":60},[46,152954,438],{"class":426},[46,152956,58288],{"class":430},[46,152958,427],{"class":426},[46,152960,68],{"class":60},[46,152962,438],{"class":426},[46,152964,58305],{"class":430},[46,152966,427],{"class":426},[46,152968,68],{"class":60},[46,152970,438],{"class":426},[46,152972,58288],{"class":430},[46,152974,427],{"class":426},[46,152976,215],{"class":60},[46,152978,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,152980,2416],{"class":52},[46,152982,57],{"class":56},[46,152984,108480],{"class":52},[46,152986,507],{"class":60},[46,152988,36016],{"class":102},[46,152990,94],{"class":60},[46,152992,427],{"class":426},[46,152994,58288],{"class":430},[46,152996,427],{"class":426},[46,152998,215],{"class":60},[46,153000,153001,153003,153005,153007],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153002,91],{"class":90},[46,153004,94],{"class":60},[46,153006,2451],{"class":102},[46,153008,215],{"class":60},[20,153010,143],{},[37,153012,153013],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,153014,153015],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153016,153017],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153018,153],{"class":64},[32,153020,153022],{"id":153021},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,153024,160,153025,1801],{},[15,153026,149152],{},[172,153028,153029,153031,153034],{},[175,153030,66258],{},[175,153032,153033],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[175,153035,153036],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,153038,153039,153040,153043,153044,507],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,153041,153042],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[501,153045,149620],{"href":153046},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[32,153048,65791],{"id":65790},[20,153050,153051,153052,507],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,153053,573],{},[20,153055,2393],{},[37,153057,153059],{"className":39,"code":153058,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,153060,153061,153093],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153062,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153064,13243],{"class":52},[46,153066,57],{"class":56},[46,153068,9406],{"class":60},[46,153070,427],{"class":426},[46,153072,13260],{"class":430},[46,153074,427],{"class":426},[46,153076,68],{"class":60},[46,153078,438],{"class":426},[46,153080,13277],{"class":430},[46,153082,427],{"class":426},[46,153084,68],{"class":60},[46,153086,438],{"class":426},[46,153088,17622],{"class":430},[46,153090,427],{"class":426},[46,153092,215],{"class":60},[46,153094,153095,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153096,91],{"class":90},[46,153098,94],{"class":60},[46,153100,17669],{"class":102},[46,153102,507],{"class":60},[46,153104,36016],{"class":102},[46,153106,94],{"class":60},[46,153108,427],{"class":426},[46,153110,22691],{"class":430},[46,153112,427],{"class":426},[46,153114,106],{"class":60},[20,153116,39819,153117,153119],{},[15,153118,109762],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153121,65866],{},[37,153123,153125],{"className":39,"code":153124,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153126,153127,153159,153163,153179,153201,153207],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153128,153129,153131,153133,153135,153137,153139,153141,153143,153145,153147,153149,153151,153153,153155,153157],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153130,13243],{"class":52},[46,153132,57],{"class":56},[46,153134,9406],{"class":60},[46,153136,427],{"class":426},[46,153138,13260],{"class":430},[46,153140,427],{"class":426},[46,153142,68],{"class":60},[46,153144,438],{"class":426},[46,153146,13277],{"class":430},[46,153148,427],{"class":426},[46,153150,68],{"class":60},[46,153152,438],{"class":426},[46,153154,17622],{"class":430},[46,153156,427],{"class":426},[46,153158,215],{"class":60},[46,153160,153161],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153162,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,153164,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153166,7170],{"class":1595},[46,153168,438],{"class":426},[46,153170,22691],{"class":430},[46,153172,427],{"class":426},[46,153174,21341],{"class":56},[46,153176,13291],{"class":52},[46,153178,6566],{"class":60},[46,153180,153181,153183,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,153182,8240],{"class":90},[46,153184,94],{"class":60},[46,153186,17669],{"class":102},[46,153188,507],{"class":60},[46,153190,36016],{"class":102},[46,153192,94],{"class":60},[46,153194,427],{"class":426},[46,153196,22691],{"class":430},[46,153198,427],{"class":426},[46,153200,106],{"class":60},[46,153202,153203,153205],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,153204,27601],{"class":1595},[46,153206,6566],{"class":60},[46,153208,153209,153211,153213,153215,153218,153220],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,153210,8240],{"class":90},[46,153212,94],{"class":60},[46,153214,427],{"class":426},[46,153216,153217],{"class":430},"Value not found",[46,153219,427],{"class":426},[46,153221,215],{"class":60},[20,153223,143],{},[37,153225,153227],{"className":39,"code":153226,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Value not found\n",[15,153228,153229],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153230,153231,153234,153236],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153232,153233],{"class":52},"Value ",[46,153235,4805],{"class":56},[46,153237,65990],{"class":52},[20,153239,153240,153241,507],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[501,153242,1368],{"href":65999},[32,153244,578,153245,2051,153247],{"id":65567},[15,153246,36241],{},[15,153248,52823],{},[20,153250,882,153251,2051,153253,153255],{},[15,153252,36241],{},[15,153254,52823],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153257,153258],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153260,2393],{},[37,153262,153264],{"className":39,"code":153263,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153265,153266,153294,153298,153319,153343],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153267,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153269,4004],{"class":52},[46,153271,57],{"class":56},[46,153273,9406],{"class":60},[46,153275,65],{"class":64},[46,153277,68],{"class":60},[46,153279,6176],{"class":64},[46,153281,68],{"class":60},[46,153283,1508],{"class":64},[46,153285,68],{"class":60},[46,153287,7962],{"class":64},[46,153289,68],{"class":60},[46,153291,1508],{"class":64},[46,153293,215],{"class":60},[46,153295,153296],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153297,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,153299,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153301,91],{"class":90},[46,153303,94],{"class":60},[46,153305,5530],{"class":102},[46,153307,507],{"class":60},[46,153309,36016],{"class":102},[46,153311,94],{"class":60},[46,153313,65],{"class":64},[46,153315,5533],{"class":60},[46,153317,153318],{"class":3845},"        # 0\n",[46,153320,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,153322,91],{"class":90},[46,153324,94],{"class":60},[46,153326,5530],{"class":102},[46,153328,507],{"class":60},[46,153330,36016],{"class":102},[46,153332,94],{"class":60},[46,153334,65],{"class":64},[46,153336,68],{"class":60},[46,153338,81],{"class":64},[46,153340,5533],{"class":60},[46,153342,51116],{"class":3845},[46,153344,153345,153347,153349,153351,153353,153355,153357,153359,153361,153363,153365,153367,153369],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,153346,91],{"class":90},[46,153348,94],{"class":60},[46,153350,5530],{"class":102},[46,153352,507],{"class":60},[46,153354,36016],{"class":102},[46,153356,94],{"class":60},[46,153358,65],{"class":64},[46,153360,68],{"class":60},[46,153362,312],{"class":64},[46,153364,68],{"class":60},[46,153366,1508],{"class":64},[46,153368,5533],{"class":60},[46,153370,51099],{"class":3845},[283,153372,153374],{"id":153373},"how-it-works","How it works",[172,153376,153377,153382,153387],{},[175,153378,153379,153381],{},[15,153380,36241],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[175,153383,153384,153386],{},[15,153385,52823],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[175,153388,882,153389,153391],{},[15,153390,52823],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153393,2393],{},[37,153395,153397],{"className":39,"code":153396,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153398,153399,153427,153431],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153400,153401,153403,153405,153407,153409,153411,153413,153415,153417,153419,153421,153423,153425],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153402,4004],{"class":52},[46,153404,57],{"class":56},[46,153406,9406],{"class":60},[46,153408,65],{"class":64},[46,153410,68],{"class":60},[46,153412,6176],{"class":64},[46,153414,68],{"class":60},[46,153416,1508],{"class":64},[46,153418,68],{"class":60},[46,153420,7962],{"class":64},[46,153422,68],{"class":60},[46,153424,1508],{"class":64},[46,153426,215],{"class":60},[46,153428,153429],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153430,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,153432,153433,153435,153437,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153434,91],{"class":90},[46,153436,94],{"class":60},[46,153438,5530],{"class":102},[46,153440,507],{"class":60},[46,153442,36016],{"class":102},[46,153444,94],{"class":60},[46,153446,65],{"class":64},[46,153448,68],{"class":60},[46,153450,81],{"class":64},[46,153452,68],{"class":60},[46,153454,2643],{"class":64},[46,153456,106],{"class":60},[20,153458,143],{},[37,153460,153461],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,153462,153463],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153464,153465],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153466,17222],{"class":64},[20,153468,153469,153470,2374,153472,17238,153474,153476,153477,507],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153471,3175],{},[15,153473,2243],{},[15,153475,2249],{},", but not ",[15,153478,2691],{},[32,153480,153482],{"id":153481},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153484,153485,153486,198],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153487,149152],{},[172,153489,153490,153498,153503,153510],{},[175,153491,153492,153493,153495,153496],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3924,153494,2659],{}," with the ",[3924,153497,36016],{},[175,153499,153500,153501],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153502,554],{},[175,153504,160,153505,153509],{},[501,153506,149178,153507,10910],{"href":149230},[15,153508,57452],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[175,153511,153512,153513,153515],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153514,153042],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153517,153518],{},"Example of value vs index:",[37,153520,153522],{"className":39,"code":153521,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153523,153524,153556,153560,153584],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153525,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546,153548,153550,153552,153554],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153527,36408],{"class":52},[46,153529,57],{"class":56},[46,153531,9406],{"class":60},[46,153533,427],{"class":426},[46,153535,756],{"class":430},[46,153537,427],{"class":426},[46,153539,68],{"class":60},[46,153541,438],{"class":426},[46,153543,450],{"class":430},[46,153545,427],{"class":426},[46,153547,68],{"class":60},[46,153549,438],{"class":426},[46,153551,33389],{"class":430},[46,153553,427],{"class":426},[46,153555,215],{"class":60},[46,153557,153558],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153559,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,153561,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580,153582],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153563,91],{"class":90},[46,153565,94],{"class":60},[46,153567,36460],{"class":102},[46,153569,507],{"class":60},[46,153571,36016],{"class":102},[46,153573,94],{"class":60},[46,153575,427],{"class":426},[46,153577,450],{"class":430},[46,153579,427],{"class":426},[46,153581,5533],{"class":60},[46,153583,27947],{"class":3845},[46,153585,153586,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,153587,91],{"class":90},[46,153589,94],{"class":60},[46,153591,36460],{"class":102},[46,153593,1152],{"class":60},[46,153595,3175],{"class":64},[46,153597,20613],{"class":60},[46,153599,153600],{"class":3845},"               # banana\n",[20,153602,2364],{},[172,153604,153605,153609],{},[175,153606,153607,15413],{},[15,153608,65435],{},[175,153610,153611,153613],{},[15,153612,3175],{}," is the index",[32,153615,1834],{"id":1833},[20,153617,106076,153618,198],{},[15,153619,149152],{},[172,153621,153622,153625,153630,153635,153642],{},[175,153623,153624],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[175,153626,1853,153627,153629],{},[15,153628,59127],{}," to return all matching positions",[175,153631,153632,153633],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153634,554],{},[175,153636,153637,153638,2051,153640],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153639,36241],{},[15,153641,52823],{},[175,153643,37372,153644,153646],{},[15,153645,149152],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[283,153648,60870],{"id":60869},[20,153650,94338],{},[37,153652,153654],{"className":39,"code":153653,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153655,153656,153666,153680,153695,153713],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153657,153658,153660,153662,153664],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153659,91],{"class":90},[46,153661,94],{"class":60},[46,153663,147965],{"class":102},[46,153665,215],{"class":60},[46,153667,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153669,91],{"class":90},[46,153671,94],{"class":60},[46,153673,476],{"class":90},[46,153675,94],{"class":60},[46,153677,147965],{"class":102},[46,153679,106],{"class":60},[46,153681,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153693],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153683,91],{"class":90},[46,153685,94],{"class":60},[46,153687,2633],{"class":102},[46,153689,1602],{"class":1595},[46,153691,153692],{"class":102}," my_tuple",[46,153694,215],{"class":60},[46,153696,153697,153699,153701,153703,153705,153707,153709,153711],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,153698,91],{"class":90},[46,153700,94],{"class":60},[46,153702,147965],{"class":102},[46,153704,507],{"class":60},[46,153706,41424],{"class":102},[46,153708,94],{"class":60},[46,153710,2659],{"class":102},[46,153712,106],{"class":60},[46,153714,153715,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,153716,91],{"class":90},[46,153718,94],{"class":60},[46,153720,147965],{"class":102},[46,153722,507],{"class":60},[46,153724,36016],{"class":102},[46,153726,94],{"class":60},[46,153728,2659],{"class":102},[46,153730,106],{"class":60},[20,153732,153733,153734,84535,153736,153738],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153735,573],{},[15,153737,2659],{}," is missing.",[20,153740,129582],{},[37,153742,153744],{"className":39,"code":153743,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153745,153746,153758,153776,153782],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153747,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153749,7170],{"class":1595},[46,153751,21751],{"class":52},[46,153753,1602],{"class":56},[46,153755,153692],{"class":52},[46,153757,6566],{"class":60},[46,153759,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768,153770,153772,153774],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153761,8240],{"class":90},[46,153763,94],{"class":60},[46,153765,147965],{"class":102},[46,153767,507],{"class":60},[46,153769,36016],{"class":102},[46,153771,94],{"class":60},[46,153773,2659],{"class":102},[46,153775,106],{"class":60},[46,153777,153778,153780],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153779,27601],{"class":1595},[46,153781,6566],{"class":60},[46,153783,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,153785,8240],{"class":90},[46,153787,94],{"class":60},[46,153789,427],{"class":426},[46,153791,153217],{"class":430},[46,153793,427],{"class":426},[46,153795,215],{"class":60},[32,153797,1991],{"id":1990},[283,153799,1995,153801,12884],{"id":153800},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153802,149152],{},[20,153804,153805],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[283,153807,153809],{"id":153808},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153811,153812,152679],{},[15,153813,149152],{},[283,153815,149131],{"id":149130},[20,153817,77011,153818,507],{},[15,153819,573],{},[283,153821,153823],{"id":153822},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153825,153826,153827,2051,153829,153831],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153828,36241],{},[15,153830,52823],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[283,153833,15069,153835,57367,153837,2035],{"id":153834},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153836,149152],{},[15,153838,65026],{},[20,153840,153841],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[32,153843,2065],{"id":2064},[172,153845,153846,153852,153856,153861,153865],{},[175,153847,153848],{},[501,153849,149178,153850,10910],{"href":149230},[15,153851,57452],{},[175,153853,153854],{},[501,153855,149620],{"href":153046},[175,153857,153858],{},[501,153859,153860],{"href":150926},"Creating a tuple in Python",[175,153862,153863],{},[501,153864,1368],{"href":65999},[175,153866,153867],{},[501,153868,150874],{"href":152684},[2103,153870,153871],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":153873},[153874,153875,153877,153880,153881,153882,153883,153886,153887,153890,153899],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":152591,"depth":87,"text":153876},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343,"children":153878},[153879],{"id":17560,"depth":109,"text":17561},{"id":103337,"depth":87,"text":103338},{"id":153021,"depth":87,"text":153022},{"id":65790,"depth":87,"text":65791},{"id":65567,"depth":87,"text":66349,"children":153884},[153885],{"id":153373,"depth":109,"text":153374},{"id":153481,"depth":87,"text":153482},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834,"children":153888},[153889],{"id":60869,"depth":109,"text":60870},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":153891},[153892,153894,153895,153896,153897],{"id":153800,"depth":109,"text":153893},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153808,"depth":109,"text":153809},{"id":149130,"depth":109,"text":149131},{"id":153822,"depth":109,"text":153823},{"id":153834,"depth":109,"text":153898},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152486,"description":153900},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153907,"title":153908,"body":153909,"description":155304,"extension":2150,"meta":155305,"navigation":112,"path":153046,"seo":155306,"stem":155307,"__hash__":155308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153910,"toc":155286},[153911,153914,153917,153920,153934,153936,153939,154033,154043,154049,154053,154056,154059,154061,154079,154081,154152,154154,154171,154175,154179,154182,154199,154202,154217,154219,154310,154313,154317,154320,154337,154339,154434,154437,154440,154444,154447,154541,154543,154562,154565,154569,154572,154574,154629,154631,154666,154669,154683,154691,154784,154793,154797,154800,154807,154810,154857,154859,154867,154870,154921,154923,154940,154945,154949,154952,154955,154957,155008,155011,155066,155069,155072,155074,155077,155097,155099,155172,155175,155188,155190,155194,155199,155203,155208,155225,155229,155232,155249,155253,155256,155258,155283],[10,153912,153908],{"id":153913},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153915,153916],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153918,153919],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[172,153921,153922,153925,153928,153931],{},[175,153923,153924],{},"positive indexes",[175,153926,153927],{},"negative indexes",[175,153929,153930],{},"common indexing mistakes",[175,153932,153933],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[32,153935,3792],{"id":3791},[20,153937,153938],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[37,153940,153942],{"className":39,"code":153941,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153943,153944,153976,153980,153997,154014],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,153945,153946,153948,153950,153952,153954,153956,153958,153960,153962,153964,153966,153968,153970,153972,153974],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,153947,13243],{"class":52},[46,153949,57],{"class":56},[46,153951,9406],{"class":60},[46,153953,427],{"class":426},[46,153955,13260],{"class":430},[46,153957,427],{"class":426},[46,153959,68],{"class":60},[46,153961,438],{"class":426},[46,153963,17622],{"class":430},[46,153965,427],{"class":426},[46,153967,68],{"class":60},[46,153969,438],{"class":426},[46,153971,13277],{"class":430},[46,153973,427],{"class":426},[46,153975,215],{"class":60},[46,153977,153978],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,153979,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,153981,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,153983,91],{"class":90},[46,153985,94],{"class":60},[46,153987,17669],{"class":102},[46,153989,1152],{"class":60},[46,153991,554],{"class":64},[46,153993,20613],{"class":60},[46,153995,153996],{"class":3845},"   # red\n",[46,153998,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,154000,91],{"class":90},[46,154002,94],{"class":60},[46,154004,17669],{"class":102},[46,154006,1152],{"class":60},[46,154008,3175],{"class":64},[46,154010,20613],{"class":60},[46,154012,154013],{"class":3845},"   # green\n",[46,154015,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,154017,91],{"class":90},[46,154019,94],{"class":60},[46,154021,17669],{"class":102},[46,154023,1152],{"class":60},[46,154025,2208],{"class":56},[46,154027,3175],{"class":64},[46,154029,20613],{"class":60},[46,154031,154032],{"class":3845},"  # blue\n",[172,154034,154035,154040],{},[175,154036,132371,154037,154039],{},[15,154038,554],{}," is the first item.",[175,154041,154042],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,154044,154045,154046,507],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[501,154047,154048],{"href":147950},"how to create a tuple in Python",[32,154050,154052],{"id":154051},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,154054,154055],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,154057,154058],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,154060,888],{},[172,154062,154063,154066,154073,154076],{},[175,154064,154065],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[175,154067,154068,154069,19131,154071],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,154070,554],{},[15,154072,3175],{},[175,154074,154075],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[175,154077,154078],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154080,2393],{},[37,154082,154084],{"className":39,"code":154083,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154085,154086,154106,154110,154124,154138],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154087,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100,154102,154104],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154089,53],{"class":52},[46,154091,57],{"class":56},[46,154093,9406],{"class":60},[46,154095,1494],{"class":64},[46,154097,68],{"class":60},[46,154099,7962],{"class":64},[46,154101,68],{"class":60},[46,154103,7967],{"class":64},[46,154105,215],{"class":60},[46,154107,154108],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154109,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154111,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154113,91],{"class":90},[46,154115,94],{"class":60},[46,154117,103],{"class":102},[46,154119,1152],{"class":60},[46,154121,554],{"class":64},[46,154123,1161],{"class":60},[46,154125,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,154127,91],{"class":90},[46,154129,94],{"class":60},[46,154131,103],{"class":102},[46,154133,1152],{"class":60},[46,154135,3175],{"class":64},[46,154137,1161],{"class":60},[46,154139,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148,154150],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,154141,91],{"class":90},[46,154143,94],{"class":60},[46,154145,103],{"class":102},[46,154147,1152],{"class":60},[46,154149,2243],{"class":64},[46,154151,1161],{"class":60},[20,154153,143],{},[37,154155,154157],{"className":39,"code":154156,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154158,154159,154163,154167],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154160,154161],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154162,2562],{"class":64},[46,154164,154165],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154166,71383],{"class":64},[46,154168,154169],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154170,69999],{"class":64},[20,154172,59552,154173,507],{},[501,154174,147947],{"href":147946},[32,154176,154178],{"id":154177},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154180,154181],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[172,154183,154184,154189,154194],{},[175,154185,154186,154188],{},[15,154187,554],{}," = first item",[175,154190,154191,154193],{},[15,154192,3175],{}," = second item",[175,154195,154196,154198],{},[15,154197,2243],{}," = third item",[20,154200,154201],{},"Pattern:",[37,154203,154205],{"className":39,"code":154204,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154206,154207],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154208,154209,154211,154213,154215],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154210,152702],{"class":52},[46,154212,1152],{"class":60},[46,154214,36016],{"class":52},[46,154216,84],{"class":60},[20,154218,2393],{},[37,154220,154222],{"className":39,"code":154221,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154223,154224,154256,154260,154277,154293],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154225,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234,154236,154238,154240,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154227,36408],{"class":52},[46,154229,57],{"class":56},[46,154231,9406],{"class":60},[46,154233,427],{"class":426},[46,154235,756],{"class":430},[46,154237,427],{"class":426},[46,154239,68],{"class":60},[46,154241,438],{"class":426},[46,154243,450],{"class":430},[46,154245,427],{"class":426},[46,154247,68],{"class":60},[46,154249,438],{"class":426},[46,154251,765],{"class":430},[46,154253,427],{"class":426},[46,154255,215],{"class":60},[46,154257,154258],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154259,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154261,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154263,91],{"class":90},[46,154265,94],{"class":60},[46,154267,36460],{"class":102},[46,154269,1152],{"class":60},[46,154271,554],{"class":64},[46,154273,20613],{"class":60},[46,154275,154276],{"class":3845},"  # apple\n",[46,154278,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,154280,91],{"class":90},[46,154282,94],{"class":60},[46,154284,36460],{"class":102},[46,154286,1152],{"class":60},[46,154288,3175],{"class":64},[46,154290,20613],{"class":60},[46,154292,51650],{"class":3845},[46,154294,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303,154305,154307],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,154296,91],{"class":90},[46,154298,94],{"class":60},[46,154300,36460],{"class":102},[46,154302,1152],{"class":60},[46,154304,2243],{"class":64},[46,154306,20613],{"class":60},[46,154308,154309],{"class":3845},"  # cherry\n",[20,154311,154312],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[32,154314,154316],{"id":154315},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154318,154319],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[172,154321,154322,154327,154332],{},[175,154323,154324,154326],{},[15,154325,66014],{}," = last item",[175,154328,154329,154331],{},[15,154330,95368],{}," = second-to-last item",[175,154333,154334,154336],{},[15,154335,47833],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154338,2393],{},[37,154340,154342],{"className":39,"code":154341,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154343,154344,154376,154380,154398,154416],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154345,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372,154374],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154347,36408],{"class":52},[46,154349,57],{"class":56},[46,154351,9406],{"class":60},[46,154353,427],{"class":426},[46,154355,756],{"class":430},[46,154357,427],{"class":426},[46,154359,68],{"class":60},[46,154361,438],{"class":426},[46,154363,450],{"class":430},[46,154365,427],{"class":426},[46,154367,68],{"class":60},[46,154369,438],{"class":426},[46,154371,765],{"class":430},[46,154373,427],{"class":426},[46,154375,215],{"class":60},[46,154377,154378],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154379,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154381,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390,154392,154394,154396],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154383,91],{"class":90},[46,154385,94],{"class":60},[46,154387,36460],{"class":102},[46,154389,1152],{"class":60},[46,154391,2208],{"class":56},[46,154393,3175],{"class":64},[46,154395,20613],{"class":60},[46,154397,154309],{"class":3845},[46,154399,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412,154414],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,154401,91],{"class":90},[46,154403,94],{"class":60},[46,154405,36460],{"class":102},[46,154407,1152],{"class":60},[46,154409,2208],{"class":56},[46,154411,2243],{"class":64},[46,154413,20613],{"class":60},[46,154415,51650],{"class":3845},[46,154417,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,154419,91],{"class":90},[46,154421,94],{"class":60},[46,154423,36460],{"class":102},[46,154425,1152],{"class":60},[46,154427,2208],{"class":56},[46,154429,2249],{"class":64},[46,154431,20613],{"class":60},[46,154433,154276],{"class":3845},[20,154435,154436],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154438,154439],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[32,154441,154443],{"id":154442},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154445,154446],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[37,154448,154450],{"className":39,"code":154449,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154451,154452,154484,154488,154505,154522],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154453,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154455,5169],{"class":52},[46,154457,57],{"class":56},[46,154459,9406],{"class":60},[46,154461,427],{"class":426},[46,154463,1018],{"class":430},[46,154465,427],{"class":426},[46,154467,68],{"class":60},[46,154469,438],{"class":426},[46,154471,1054],{"class":430},[46,154473,427],{"class":426},[46,154475,68],{"class":60},[46,154477,438],{"class":426},[46,154479,1087],{"class":430},[46,154481,427],{"class":426},[46,154483,215],{"class":60},[46,154485,154486],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154487,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154489,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498,154500,154502],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154491,91],{"class":90},[46,154493,94],{"class":60},[46,154495,5213],{"class":102},[46,154497,1152],{"class":60},[46,154499,554],{"class":64},[46,154501,20613],{"class":60},[46,154503,154504],{"class":3845},"   # first item\n",[46,154506,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,154508,91],{"class":90},[46,154510,94],{"class":60},[46,154512,5213],{"class":102},[46,154514,1152],{"class":60},[46,154516,3175],{"class":64},[46,154518,20613],{"class":60},[46,154520,154521],{"class":3845},"   # middle item\n",[46,154523,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534,154536,154538],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,154525,91],{"class":90},[46,154527,94],{"class":60},[46,154529,5213],{"class":102},[46,154531,1152],{"class":60},[46,154533,2208],{"class":56},[46,154535,3175],{"class":64},[46,154537,20613],{"class":60},[46,154539,154540],{"class":3845},"  # last item\n",[20,154542,143],{},[37,154544,154546],{"className":39,"code":154545,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154547,154548,154552,154557],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154549,154550],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154551,50203],{"class":52},[46,154553,154554],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154555,154556],{"class":52},"Ben\n",[46,154558,154559],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154560,154561],{"class":52},"Cara\n",[20,154563,154564],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[32,154566,154568],{"id":154567},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154570,154571],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154573,2393],{},[37,154575,154577],{"className":39,"code":154576,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154578,154579,154611,154615],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154580,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607,154609],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154582,36259],{"class":52},[46,154584,57],{"class":56},[46,154586,9406],{"class":60},[46,154588,427],{"class":426},[46,154590,501],{"class":430},[46,154592,427],{"class":426},[46,154594,68],{"class":60},[46,154596,438],{"class":426},[46,154598,4935],{"class":430},[46,154600,427],{"class":426},[46,154602,68],{"class":60},[46,154604,438],{"class":426},[46,154606,9908],{"class":430},[46,154608,427],{"class":426},[46,154610,215],{"class":60},[46,154612,154613],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154614,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154616,154617,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154618,91],{"class":90},[46,154620,94],{"class":60},[46,154622,36312],{"class":102},[46,154624,1152],{"class":60},[46,154626,65],{"class":64},[46,154628,1161],{"class":60},[20,154630,143],{},[37,154632,154634],{"className":39,"code":154633,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154635,154636,154648,154653],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154637,154638,154641,154643,154646],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154639,154640],{"class":102},"Traceback ",[46,154642,94],{"class":60},[46,154644,154645],{"class":102},"most recent call last",[46,154647,8514],{"class":60},[46,154649,154650],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154651,154652],{"class":34622},"  ...\n",[46,154654,154655,154657,154659,154661,154664],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154656,70890],{"class":1270},[46,154658,198],{"class":60},[46,154660,149313],{"class":1270},[46,154662,154663],{"class":52}," index out of ",[46,154665,71082],{"class":90},[20,154667,154668],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[172,154670,154671,154675,154679],{},[175,154672,154673],{},[15,154674,554],{},[175,154676,154677],{},[15,154678,3175],{},[175,154680,154681],{},[15,154682,2243],{},[20,154684,154685,154686,507],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[501,154687,154688,154690],{"href":149185},[15,154689,498],{}," on a tuple",[37,154692,154694],{"className":39,"code":154693,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154695,154696,154728,154732,154748,154752,154770],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154697,154698,154700,154702,154704,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154699,36259],{"class":52},[46,154701,57],{"class":56},[46,154703,9406],{"class":60},[46,154705,427],{"class":426},[46,154707,501],{"class":430},[46,154709,427],{"class":426},[46,154711,68],{"class":60},[46,154713,438],{"class":426},[46,154715,4935],{"class":430},[46,154717,427],{"class":426},[46,154719,68],{"class":60},[46,154721,438],{"class":426},[46,154723,9908],{"class":430},[46,154725,427],{"class":426},[46,154727,215],{"class":60},[46,154729,154730],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154731,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154733,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154735,91],{"class":90},[46,154737,94],{"class":60},[46,154739,476],{"class":90},[46,154741,94],{"class":60},[46,154743,36312],{"class":102},[46,154745,5533],{"class":60},[46,154747,50934],{"class":3845},[46,154749,154750],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,154751,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154753,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762,154764,154766,154768],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,154755,7170],{"class":1595},[46,154757,38551],{"class":90},[46,154759,94],{"class":60},[46,154761,36312],{"class":102},[46,154763,1592],{"class":60},[46,154765,38561],{"class":56},[46,154767,71],{"class":64},[46,154769,6566],{"class":60},[46,154771,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,154773,8240],{"class":90},[46,154775,94],{"class":60},[46,154777,36312],{"class":102},[46,154779,1152],{"class":60},[46,154781,2243],{"class":64},[46,154783,1161],{"class":60},[20,154785,154786,154787,507],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[501,154788,25847,154790],{"href":154789},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154791,154792],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[32,154794,154796],{"id":154795},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154798,154799],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[172,154801,154802,154804],{},[175,154803,77028],{},[175,154805,154806],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154808,154809],{},"Indexing example:",[37,154811,154813],{"className":39,"code":154812,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154814,154815,154839,154843],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154816,154817,154819,154821,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154818,53],{"class":52},[46,154820,57],{"class":56},[46,154822,9406],{"class":60},[46,154824,1494],{"class":64},[46,154826,68],{"class":60},[46,154828,7962],{"class":64},[46,154830,68],{"class":60},[46,154832,7967],{"class":64},[46,154834,68],{"class":60},[46,154836,51007],{"class":64},[46,154838,215],{"class":60},[46,154840,154841],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154842,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154844,154845,154847,154849,154851,154853,154855],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154846,91],{"class":90},[46,154848,94],{"class":60},[46,154850,103],{"class":102},[46,154852,1152],{"class":60},[46,154854,3175],{"class":64},[46,154856,1161],{"class":60},[20,154858,143],{},[37,154860,154861],{"className":39,"code":71383,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,154862,154863],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154864,154865],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154866,71383],{"class":64},[20,154868,154869],{},"Slicing example:",[37,154871,154873],{"className":39,"code":154872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154874,154875,154899,154903],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154876,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154878,53],{"class":52},[46,154880,57],{"class":56},[46,154882,9406],{"class":60},[46,154884,1494],{"class":64},[46,154886,68],{"class":60},[46,154888,7962],{"class":64},[46,154890,68],{"class":60},[46,154892,7967],{"class":64},[46,154894,68],{"class":60},[46,154896,51007],{"class":64},[46,154898,215],{"class":60},[46,154900,154901],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154902,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,154904,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915,154917,154919],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,154906,91],{"class":90},[46,154908,94],{"class":60},[46,154910,103],{"class":102},[46,154912,1152],{"class":60},[46,154914,3175],{"class":64},[46,154916,198],{"class":60},[46,154918,2249],{"class":64},[46,154920,1161],{"class":60},[20,154922,143],{},[37,154924,154926],{"className":39,"code":154925,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154927,154928],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154929,154930,154932,154934,154936,154938],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154931,94],{"class":60},[46,154933,1501],{"class":64},[46,154935,68],{"class":60},[46,154937,7967],{"class":64},[46,154939,215],{"class":60},[20,154941,154942,154943,507],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[501,154944,150864],{"href":150863},[32,154946,154948],{"id":154947},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154950,154951],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154953,154954],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154956,6860],{},[37,154958,154960],{"className":39,"code":154959,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154961,154962,154994],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,154963,154964,154966,154968,154970,154972,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984,154986,154988,154990,154992],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,154965,13243],{"class":52},[46,154967,57],{"class":56},[46,154969,9406],{"class":60},[46,154971,427],{"class":426},[46,154973,13260],{"class":430},[46,154975,427],{"class":426},[46,154977,68],{"class":60},[46,154979,438],{"class":426},[46,154981,17622],{"class":430},[46,154983,427],{"class":426},[46,154985,68],{"class":60},[46,154987,438],{"class":426},[46,154989,13277],{"class":430},[46,154991,427],{"class":426},[46,154993,215],{"class":60},[46,154995,154996,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,154997,91],{"class":90},[46,154999,94],{"class":60},[46,155001,17669],{"class":102},[46,155003,1152],{"class":60},[46,155005,3175],{"class":64},[46,155007,1161],{"class":60},[20,155009,155010],{},"But this does not work:",[37,155012,155014],{"className":39,"code":155013,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,155015,155016,155048],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155017,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026,155028,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155019,13243],{"class":52},[46,155021,57],{"class":56},[46,155023,9406],{"class":60},[46,155025,427],{"class":426},[46,155027,13260],{"class":430},[46,155029,427],{"class":426},[46,155031,68],{"class":60},[46,155033,438],{"class":426},[46,155035,17622],{"class":430},[46,155037,427],{"class":426},[46,155039,68],{"class":60},[46,155041,438],{"class":426},[46,155043,13277],{"class":430},[46,155045,427],{"class":426},[46,155047,215],{"class":60},[46,155049,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155051,17669],{"class":52},[46,155053,1152],{"class":60},[46,155055,3175],{"class":64},[46,155057,13441],{"class":60},[46,155059,13444],{"class":56},[46,155061,438],{"class":426},[46,155063,22691],{"class":430},[46,155065,3544],{"class":426},[20,155067,155068],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,155070,155071],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[32,155073,1834],{"id":1833},[20,155075,155076],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[172,155078,155079,155085,155088,155091],{},[175,155080,132675,155081,11260,155083],{},[15,155082,3175],{},[15,155084,554],{},[175,155086,155087],{},"Using an index that is too large",[175,155089,155090],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[175,155092,155093,155094],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155095,155096],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155098,62455],{},[37,155100,155102],{"className":39,"code":155101,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155103,155104,155114,155128,155142,155158],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155105,155106,155108,155110,155112],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155107,91],{"class":90},[46,155109,94],{"class":60},[46,155111,147965],{"class":102},[46,155113,215],{"class":60},[46,155115,155116,155118,155120,155122,155124,155126],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155117,91],{"class":90},[46,155119,94],{"class":60},[46,155121,476],{"class":90},[46,155123,94],{"class":60},[46,155125,147965],{"class":102},[46,155127,106],{"class":60},[46,155129,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,155131,91],{"class":90},[46,155133,94],{"class":60},[46,155135,147965],{"class":102},[46,155137,1152],{"class":60},[46,155139,554],{"class":64},[46,155141,1161],{"class":60},[46,155143,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,155145,91],{"class":90},[46,155147,94],{"class":60},[46,155149,147965],{"class":102},[46,155151,1152],{"class":60},[46,155153,2208],{"class":56},[46,155155,3175],{"class":64},[46,155157,1161],{"class":60},[46,155159,155160,155162,155164,155166,155168,155170],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,155161,91],{"class":90},[46,155163,94],{"class":60},[46,155165,1889],{"class":1270},[46,155167,94],{"class":60},[46,155169,147965],{"class":102},[46,155171,106],{"class":60},[20,155173,155174],{},"These can help you confirm:",[172,155176,155177,155180,155182,155185],{},[175,155178,155179],{},"what the tuple contains",[175,155181,60944],{},[175,155183,155184],{},"what the first and last items are",[175,155186,155187],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[32,155189,1991],{"id":1990},[283,155191,155193],{"id":155192},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155195,155196,155197,507],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155198,554],{},[283,155200,155202],{"id":155201},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155204,160,155205,155207],{},[15,155206,66014],{}," as the index:",[37,155209,155211],{"className":39,"code":155210,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155212,155213],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155214,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155216,147965],{"class":52},[46,155218,1152],{"class":60},[46,155220,2208],{"class":56},[46,155222,3175],{"class":64},[46,155224,84],{"class":60},[283,155226,155228],{"id":155227},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155230,155231],{},"Python raises:",[37,155233,155235],{"className":39,"code":155234,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155236,155237],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155238,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155240,70890],{"class":1270},[46,155242,198],{"class":60},[46,155244,149313],{"class":1270},[46,155246,154663],{"class":52},[46,155248,71082],{"class":90},[283,155250,155252],{"id":155251},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155254,155255],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[32,155257,2065],{"id":2064},[172,155259,155260,155265,155269,155273,155279],{},[175,155261,155262],{},[501,155263,155264],{"href":147950},"How to create a tuple in Python",[175,155266,155267],{},[501,155268,150864],{"href":150863},[175,155270,155271],{},[501,155272,150869],{"href":149185},[175,155274,155275],{},[501,155276,26290,155277],{"href":154789},[15,155278,154792],{},[175,155280,155281],{},[501,155282,147947],{"href":147946},[2103,155284,155285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":155287},[155288,155289,155290,155291,155292,155293,155294,155295,155296,155297,155303],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":154051,"depth":87,"text":154052},{"id":154177,"depth":87,"text":154178},{"id":154315,"depth":87,"text":154316},{"id":154442,"depth":87,"text":154443},{"id":154567,"depth":87,"text":154568},{"id":154795,"depth":87,"text":154796},{"id":154947,"depth":87,"text":154948},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":155298},[155299,155300,155301,155302],{"id":155192,"depth":109,"text":155193},{"id":155201,"depth":109,"text":155202},{"id":155227,"depth":109,"text":155228},{"id":155251,"depth":109,"text":155252},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153908,"description":155304},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155310,"title":155311,"body":155312,"description":157201,"extension":2150,"meta":157202,"navigation":112,"path":157203,"seo":157204,"stem":157205,"__hash__":157206},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155313,"toc":157158},[155314,155320,155325,155376,155380,155388,155394,155396,155412,155414,155417,155432,155434,155447,155449,155506,155510,155518,155525,155531,155537,155541,155592,155596,155604,155608,155637,155641,155649,155653,155686,155690,155698,155702,155705,155756,155760,155768,155770,155787,155791,155795,155854,155858,155866,155869,155896,155900,155908,155912,155918,155993,155997,156034,156042,156046,156109,156113,156121,156126,156130,156136,156179,156183,156191,156197,156200,156247,156251,156259,156268,156274,156329,156333,156341,156344,156348,156350,156381,156385,156404,156407,156452,156456,156479,156485,156490,156492,156539,156544,156547,156595,156599,156607,156611,156616,156620,156670,156674,156689,156693,156751,156755,156770,156774,156845,156849,156858,156862,156941,156945,156967,156975,156977,156980,157005,157007,157060,157062,157079,157081,157085,157091,157096,157101,157105,157110,157114,157119,157125,157128,157130,157155],[10,155315,155317,155318,1592],{"id":155316},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155319,476],{},[20,155321,160,155322,155324],{},[15,155323,498],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[37,155326,155328],{"className":39,"code":155327,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155329,155330,155362],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155331,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354,155356,155358,155360],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155333,13243],{"class":52},[46,155335,57],{"class":56},[46,155337,9406],{"class":60},[46,155339,427],{"class":426},[46,155341,13260],{"class":430},[46,155343,427],{"class":426},[46,155345,68],{"class":60},[46,155347,438],{"class":426},[46,155349,17622],{"class":430},[46,155351,427],{"class":426},[46,155353,68],{"class":60},[46,155355,438],{"class":426},[46,155357,13277],{"class":430},[46,155359,427],{"class":426},[46,155361,215],{"class":60},[46,155363,155364,155366,155368,155370,155372,155374],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155365,91],{"class":90},[46,155367,94],{"class":60},[46,155369,476],{"class":90},[46,155371,94],{"class":60},[46,155373,17669],{"class":102},[46,155375,106],{"class":60},[20,155377,155378],{},[3924,155379,143],{},[37,155381,155382],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155383,155384],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155385,155386],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155387,46782],{"class":64},[20,155389,160,155390,155393],{},[15,155391,155392],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[32,155395,15329],{"id":15328},[172,155397,155398,155403,155407,155410],{},[175,155399,4372,155400,155402],{},[15,155401,498],{}," works with tuples",[175,155404,68418,155405,11874],{},[15,155406,498],{},[175,155408,155409],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[175,155411,4693],{},[32,155413,2343],{"id":2342},[20,155415,155416],{},"Use this pattern:",[37,155418,155420],{"className":39,"code":155419,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155421,155422],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155423,155424,155426,155428,155430],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155425,476],{"class":90},[46,155427,94],{"class":60},[46,155429,147965],{"class":102},[46,155431,215],{"class":60},[20,155433,888],{},[172,155435,155436,155439,155442],{},[175,155437,155438],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[175,155440,155441],{},"The result is an integer",[175,155443,155444,155446],{},[15,155445,498],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155448,2393],{},[37,155450,155452],{"className":39,"code":155451,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155453,155454,155478,155492,155496],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155455,155456,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468,155470,155472,155474,155476],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155457,53],{"class":52},[46,155459,57],{"class":56},[46,155461,9406],{"class":60},[46,155463,1494],{"class":64},[46,155465,68],{"class":60},[46,155467,7962],{"class":64},[46,155469,68],{"class":60},[46,155471,7967],{"class":64},[46,155473,68],{"class":60},[46,155475,51007],{"class":64},[46,155477,215],{"class":60},[46,155479,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155481,41406],{"class":52},[46,155483,57],{"class":56},[46,155485,38551],{"class":90},[46,155487,94],{"class":60},[46,155489,103],{"class":102},[46,155491,215],{"class":60},[46,155493,155494],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,155495,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,155497,155498,155500,155502,155504],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,155499,91],{"class":90},[46,155501,94],{"class":60},[46,155503,41424],{"class":102},[46,155505,215],{"class":60},[20,155507,155508],{},[3924,155509,143],{},[37,155511,155512],{"className":39,"code":48813,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155513,155514],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155515,155516],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155517,48813],{"class":64},[20,155519,155520,155521,507],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[501,155522,13,155523,506],{"href":503},[15,155524,498],{},[32,155526,167,155528,155530],{"id":155527},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155529,498],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155532,155533,155534,155536],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155535,498],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[283,155538,155540],{"id":155539},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[37,155542,155544],{"className":39,"code":155543,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155545,155546,155578],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155547,155548,155550,155552,155554,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155549,36408],{"class":52},[46,155551,57],{"class":56},[46,155553,9406],{"class":60},[46,155555,427],{"class":426},[46,155557,756],{"class":430},[46,155559,427],{"class":426},[46,155561,68],{"class":60},[46,155563,438],{"class":426},[46,155565,450],{"class":430},[46,155567,427],{"class":426},[46,155569,68],{"class":60},[46,155571,438],{"class":426},[46,155573,33389],{"class":430},[46,155575,427],{"class":426},[46,155577,215],{"class":60},[46,155579,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155581,91],{"class":90},[46,155583,94],{"class":60},[46,155585,476],{"class":90},[46,155587,94],{"class":60},[46,155589,36460],{"class":102},[46,155591,106],{"class":60},[20,155593,155594],{},[3924,155595,143],{},[37,155597,155598],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155599,155600],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155601,155602],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155603,46782],{"class":64},[283,155605,155607],{"id":155606},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[37,155609,155611],{"className":39,"code":155610,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155612,155613,155622],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155614,155615,155618,155620],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155616,155617],{"class":52},"empty_tuple ",[46,155619,57],{"class":56},[46,155621,149289],{"class":60},[46,155623,155624,155626,155628,155630,155632,155635],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155625,91],{"class":90},[46,155627,94],{"class":60},[46,155629,476],{"class":90},[46,155631,94],{"class":60},[46,155633,155634],{"class":102},"empty_tuple",[46,155636,106],{"class":60},[20,155638,155639],{},[3924,155640,143],{},[37,155642,155643],{"className":39,"code":561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155644,155645],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155646,155647],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155648,561],{"class":64},[283,155650,155652],{"id":155651},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[37,155654,155656],{"className":39,"code":155655,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155657,155658,155671],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155659,155660,155663,155665,155667,155669],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155661,155662],{"class":52},"single_value ",[46,155664,57],{"class":56},[46,155666,9406],{"class":60},[46,155668,65],{"class":64},[46,155670,149303],{"class":60},[46,155672,155673,155675,155677,155679,155681,155684],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155674,91],{"class":90},[46,155676,94],{"class":60},[46,155678,476],{"class":90},[46,155680,94],{"class":60},[46,155682,155683],{"class":102},"single_value",[46,155685,106],{"class":60},[20,155687,155688],{},[3924,155689,143],{},[37,155691,155692],{"className":39,"code":153,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155693,155694],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155695,155696],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155697,153],{"class":64},[283,155699,155701],{"id":155700},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155703,155704],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[37,155706,155708],{"className":39,"code":155707,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155709,155710,155742],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155711,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736,155738,155740],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155713,1487],{"class":52},[46,155715,57],{"class":56},[46,155717,9406],{"class":60},[46,155719,3175],{"class":64},[46,155721,68],{"class":60},[46,155723,9406],{"class":60},[46,155725,2243],{"class":64},[46,155727,68],{"class":60},[46,155729,312],{"class":64},[46,155731,9403],{"class":60},[46,155733,61],{"class":60},[46,155735,2691],{"class":64},[46,155737,68],{"class":60},[46,155739,1508],{"class":64},[46,155741,1161],{"class":60},[46,155743,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155745,91],{"class":90},[46,155747,94],{"class":60},[46,155749,476],{"class":90},[46,155751,94],{"class":60},[46,155753,1523],{"class":102},[46,155755,106],{"class":60},[20,155757,155758],{},[3924,155759,143],{},[37,155761,155762],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155763,155764],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155765,155766],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155767,46782],{"class":64},[20,155769,20124],{},[172,155771,155772,155777,155782],{},[175,155773,155774,155776],{},[15,155775,3175],{}," is one item",[175,155778,155779,155776],{},[15,155780,155781],{},"(2, 3)",[175,155783,155784,155776],{},[15,155785,155786],{},"[4, 5]",[32,155788,155790],{"id":155789},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[283,155792,155794],{"id":155793},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[37,155796,155798],{"className":39,"code":155797,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155799,155800,155840],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155801,155802,155804,155806,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155803,13243],{"class":52},[46,155805,57],{"class":56},[46,155807,9406],{"class":60},[46,155809,427],{"class":426},[46,155811,13260],{"class":430},[46,155813,427],{"class":426},[46,155815,68],{"class":60},[46,155817,438],{"class":426},[46,155819,17622],{"class":430},[46,155821,427],{"class":426},[46,155823,68],{"class":60},[46,155825,438],{"class":426},[46,155827,13277],{"class":430},[46,155829,427],{"class":426},[46,155831,68],{"class":60},[46,155833,438],{"class":426},[46,155835,22691],{"class":430},[46,155837,427],{"class":426},[46,155839,215],{"class":60},[46,155841,155842,155844,155846,155848,155850,155852],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155843,91],{"class":90},[46,155845,94],{"class":60},[46,155847,476],{"class":90},[46,155849,94],{"class":60},[46,155851,17669],{"class":102},[46,155853,106],{"class":60},[20,155855,155856],{},[3924,155857,143],{},[37,155859,155860],{"className":39,"code":48813,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155861,155862],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155863,155864],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155865,48813],{"class":64},[283,155867,155607],{"id":155868},"empty-tuple-1",[37,155870,155872],{"className":39,"code":155871,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155873,155874,155882],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155875,155876,155878,155880],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155877,1398],{"class":52},[46,155879,57],{"class":56},[46,155881,149289],{"class":60},[46,155883,155884,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155885,91],{"class":90},[46,155887,94],{"class":60},[46,155889,476],{"class":90},[46,155891,94],{"class":60},[46,155893,1415],{"class":102},[46,155895,106],{"class":60},[20,155897,155898],{},[3924,155899,143],{},[37,155901,155902],{"className":39,"code":561,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,155903,155904],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155905,155906],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155907,561],{"class":64},[283,155909,155911],{"id":155910},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155913,155914,155915,155917],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3924,155916,4805],{}," always a tuple.",[37,155919,155921],{"className":39,"code":155920,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155922,155923,155935,155947,155951,155965,155979],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,155924,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,155926,2741],{"class":52},[46,155928,57],{"class":56},[46,155930,9406],{"class":60},[46,155932,65],{"class":64},[46,155934,215],{"class":60},[46,155936,155937,155939,155941,155943,155945],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,155938,2769],{"class":52},[46,155940,57],{"class":56},[46,155942,9406],{"class":60},[46,155944,65],{"class":64},[46,155946,149303],{"class":60},[46,155948,155949],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,155950,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,155952,155953,155955,155957,155959,155961,155963],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,155954,91],{"class":90},[46,155956,94],{"class":60},[46,155958,1889],{"class":1270},[46,155960,94],{"class":60},[46,155962,501],{"class":102},[46,155964,106],{"class":60},[46,155966,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,155968,91],{"class":90},[46,155970,94],{"class":60},[46,155972,1889],{"class":1270},[46,155974,94],{"class":60},[46,155976,4935],{"class":102},[46,155978,106],{"class":60},[46,155980,155981,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,155982,91],{"class":90},[46,155984,94],{"class":60},[46,155986,476],{"class":90},[46,155988,94],{"class":60},[46,155990,4935],{"class":102},[46,155992,106],{"class":60},[20,155994,155995],{},[3924,155996,143],{},[37,155998,156000],{"className":39,"code":155999,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156001,156002,156016,156030],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156003,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156005,3476],{"class":56},[46,156007,3479],{"class":1140},[46,156009,1197],{"class":426},[46,156011,1584],{"class":430},[46,156013,1188],{"class":426},[46,156015,3488],{"class":56},[46,156017,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156019,3476],{"class":56},[46,156021,3479],{"class":1140},[46,156023,1197],{"class":426},[46,156025,49116],{"class":430},[46,156027,1188],{"class":426},[46,156029,3488],{"class":56},[46,156031,156032],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156033,153],{"class":64},[20,156035,156036,156037,2051,156040,507],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[501,156038,156039],{"href":147950},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[501,156041,149251],{"href":149250},[283,156043,156045],{"id":156044},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[37,156047,156049],{"className":39,"code":156048,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,156050,156051,156095],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156052,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156089,156091,156093],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156054,59632],{"class":52},[46,156056,57],{"class":56},[46,156058,9406],{"class":60},[46,156060,427],{"class":426},[46,156062,756],{"class":430},[46,156064,427],{"class":426},[46,156066,68],{"class":60},[46,156068,61],{"class":60},[46,156070,3175],{"class":64},[46,156072,68],{"class":60},[46,156074,71],{"class":64},[46,156076,18229],{"class":60},[46,156078,9406],{"class":60},[46,156080,427],{"class":426},[46,156082,1589],{"class":430},[46,156084,427],{"class":426},[46,156086,68],{"class":60},[46,156088,438],{"class":426},[46,156090,11914],{"class":430},[46,156092,427],{"class":426},[46,156094,106],{"class":60},[46,156096,156097,156099,156101,156103,156105,156107],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156098,91],{"class":90},[46,156100,94],{"class":60},[46,156102,476],{"class":90},[46,156104,94],{"class":60},[46,156106,59685],{"class":102},[46,156108,106],{"class":60},[20,156110,156111],{},[3924,156112,143],{},[37,156114,156115],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,156116,156117],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156118,156119],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156120,46782],{"class":64},[20,156122,156123,156125],{},[15,156124,498],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[32,156127,156129],{"id":156128},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[283,156131,156133,156135],{"id":156132},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156134,498],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[37,156137,156139],{"className":39,"code":156138,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156140,156141,156165],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156142,156143,156145,156147,156149,156151,156153,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156144,419],{"class":52},[46,156146,57],{"class":56},[46,156148,9406],{"class":60},[46,156150,427],{"class":426},[46,156152,63756],{"class":430},[46,156154,427],{"class":426},[46,156156,68],{"class":60},[46,156158,438],{"class":426},[46,156160,41],{"class":430},[46,156162,427],{"class":426},[46,156164,215],{"class":60},[46,156166,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156168,91],{"class":90},[46,156170,94],{"class":60},[46,156172,476],{"class":90},[46,156174,94],{"class":60},[46,156176,467],{"class":102},[46,156178,106],{"class":60},[20,156180,156181],{},[3924,156182,143],{},[37,156184,156185],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,156186,156187],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156188,156189],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156190,17222],{"class":64},[20,156192,156193,156194,156196],{},"This result is ",[15,156195,2243],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156198,156199],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[37,156201,156203],{"className":39,"code":156202,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156204,156205,156229],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156206,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225,156227],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156208,419],{"class":52},[46,156210,57],{"class":56},[46,156212,9406],{"class":60},[46,156214,427],{"class":426},[46,156216,63756],{"class":430},[46,156218,427],{"class":426},[46,156220,68],{"class":60},[46,156222,438],{"class":426},[46,156224,41],{"class":430},[46,156226,427],{"class":426},[46,156228,215],{"class":60},[46,156230,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156232,91],{"class":90},[46,156234,94],{"class":60},[46,156236,476],{"class":90},[46,156238,94],{"class":60},[46,156240,467],{"class":102},[46,156242,1152],{"class":60},[46,156244,554],{"class":64},[46,156246,3186],{"class":60},[20,156248,156249],{},[3924,156250,143],{},[37,156252,156253],{"className":39,"code":17222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,156254,156255],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156256,156257],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156258,17222],{"class":64},[20,156260,20938,156261,156264,156265,507],{},[15,156262,156263],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156266,156267],{},"\"hi\"",[283,156269,156271,156273],{"id":156270},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156272,498],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[37,156275,156277],{"className":39,"code":156276,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156278,156279,156315],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156280,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293,156295,156297,156299,156301,156303,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156282,4004],{"class":52},[46,156284,57],{"class":56},[46,156286,10164],{"class":60},[46,156288,3175],{"class":64},[46,156290,68],{"class":60},[46,156292,71],{"class":64},[46,156294,9403],{"class":60},[46,156296,9406],{"class":60},[46,156298,2249],{"class":64},[46,156300,68],{"class":60},[46,156302,2643],{"class":64},[46,156304,9403],{"class":60},[46,156306,9406],{"class":60},[46,156308,65],{"class":64},[46,156310,68],{"class":60},[46,156312,37811],{"class":64},[46,156314,106],{"class":60},[46,156316,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156318,91],{"class":90},[46,156320,94],{"class":60},[46,156322,476],{"class":90},[46,156324,94],{"class":60},[46,156326,5530],{"class":102},[46,156328,106],{"class":60},[20,156330,156331],{},[3924,156332,143],{},[37,156334,156335],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,156336,156337],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156338,156339],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156340,46782],{"class":64},[20,156342,156343],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[283,156345,156347],{"id":156346},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156349,25858],{},[37,156351,156353],{"className":39,"code":156352,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156354,156355,156367],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156356,156357,156359,156361,156363,156365],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156358,2633],{"class":52},[46,156360,57],{"class":56},[46,156362,9406],{"class":60},[46,156364,1494],{"class":64},[46,156366,215],{"class":60},[46,156368,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377,156379],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156370,91],{"class":90},[46,156372,94],{"class":60},[46,156374,1889],{"class":1270},[46,156376,94],{"class":60},[46,156378,2659],{"class":102},[46,156380,106],{"class":60},[20,156382,156383],{},[3924,156384,143],{},[37,156386,156388],{"className":39,"code":156387,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156389,156390],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156391,156392,156394,156396,156398,156400,156402],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156393,3476],{"class":56},[46,156395,3479],{"class":1140},[46,156397,1197],{"class":426},[46,156399,1584],{"class":430},[46,156401,1188],{"class":426},[46,156403,3488],{"class":56},[20,156405,156406],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[37,156408,156410],{"className":39,"code":156409,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156411,156412,156424,156438],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156413,156414,156416,156418,156420,156422],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156415,2633],{"class":52},[46,156417,57],{"class":56},[46,156419,9406],{"class":60},[46,156421,1494],{"class":64},[46,156423,149303],{"class":60},[46,156425,156426,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156427,91],{"class":90},[46,156429,94],{"class":60},[46,156431,1889],{"class":1270},[46,156433,94],{"class":60},[46,156435,2659],{"class":102},[46,156437,106],{"class":60},[46,156439,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156441,91],{"class":90},[46,156443,94],{"class":60},[46,156445,476],{"class":90},[46,156447,94],{"class":60},[46,156449,2659],{"class":102},[46,156451,106],{"class":60},[20,156453,156454],{},[3924,156455,143],{},[37,156457,156459],{"className":39,"code":156458,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156460,156461,156475],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156462,156463,156465,156467,156469,156471,156473],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156464,3476],{"class":56},[46,156466,3479],{"class":1140},[46,156468,1197],{"class":426},[46,156470,49116],{"class":430},[46,156472,1188],{"class":426},[46,156474,3488],{"class":56},[46,156476,156477],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156478,153],{"class":64},[283,156480,156482,156484],{"id":156481},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156483,476],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156486,44593,156487,156489],{},[15,156488,476],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156491,44624],{},[37,156493,156495],{"className":39,"code":156494,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156496,156497,156505,156525],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156498,156499,156501,156503],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156500,476],{"class":90},[46,156502,13444],{"class":56},[46,156504,2774],{"class":64},[46,156506,156507,156509,156511,156513,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156508,53],{"class":52},[46,156510,57],{"class":56},[46,156512,9406],{"class":60},[46,156514,3175],{"class":64},[46,156516,68],{"class":60},[46,156518,71],{"class":64},[46,156520,68],{"class":60},[46,156522,312],{"class":64},[46,156524,215],{"class":60},[46,156526,156527,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156528,91],{"class":90},[46,156530,94],{"class":60},[46,156532,476],{"class":90},[46,156534,94],{"class":60},[46,156536,103],{"class":102},[46,156538,106],{"class":60},[20,156540,39819,156541,156543],{},[15,156542,476],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156545,156546],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[37,156548,156550],{"className":39,"code":156549,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156551,156552,156561,156581],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156553,156554,156557,156559],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156555,156556],{"class":52},"length_value ",[46,156558,57],{"class":56},[46,156560,2774],{"class":64},[46,156562,156563,156565,156567,156569,156571,156573,156575,156577,156579],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156564,53],{"class":52},[46,156566,57],{"class":56},[46,156568,9406],{"class":60},[46,156570,3175],{"class":64},[46,156572,68],{"class":60},[46,156574,71],{"class":64},[46,156576,68],{"class":60},[46,156578,312],{"class":64},[46,156580,215],{"class":60},[46,156582,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156584,91],{"class":90},[46,156586,94],{"class":60},[46,156588,476],{"class":90},[46,156590,94],{"class":60},[46,156592,103],{"class":102},[46,156594,106],{"class":60},[20,156596,156597],{},[3924,156598,143],{},[37,156600,156601],{"className":39,"code":46782,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,156602,156603],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156604,156605],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156606,46782],{"class":64},[32,156608,156610],{"id":156609},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156612,156613,156615],{},[15,156614,498],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[283,156617,156619],{"id":156618},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[37,156621,156623],{"className":39,"code":156622,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156624,156625,156633,156637,156655],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156626,156627,156629,156631],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156628,1398],{"class":52},[46,156630,57],{"class":56},[46,156632,149289],{"class":60},[46,156634,156635],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156636,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,156638,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156640,7170],{"class":1595},[46,156642,38551],{"class":90},[46,156644,94],{"class":60},[46,156646,1415],{"class":102},[46,156648,1592],{"class":60},[46,156650,6581],{"class":56},[46,156652,4015],{"class":64},[46,156654,6566],{"class":60},[46,156656,156657,156659,156661,156663,156666,156668],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,156658,8240],{"class":90},[46,156660,94],{"class":60},[46,156662,427],{"class":426},[46,156664,156665],{"class":430},"The tuple is empty",[46,156667,427],{"class":426},[46,156669,215],{"class":60},[20,156671,156672],{},[3924,156673,143],{},[37,156675,156677],{"className":39,"code":156676,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156678,156679],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156680,156681,156683,156685,156687],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156682,882],{"class":52},[46,156684,49116],{"class":1270},[46,156686,8268],{"class":56},[46,156688,8274],{"class":52},[283,156690,156692],{"id":156691},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[37,156694,156696],{"className":39,"code":156695,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156697,156698,156714,156718,156736],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156699,156700,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156701,51549],{"class":52},[46,156703,57],{"class":56},[46,156705,9406],{"class":60},[46,156707,2691],{"class":64},[46,156709,68],{"class":60},[46,156711,6165],{"class":64},[46,156713,215],{"class":60},[46,156715,156716],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156717,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,156719,156720,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156721,7170],{"class":1595},[46,156723,38551],{"class":90},[46,156725,94],{"class":60},[46,156727,51574],{"class":102},[46,156729,1592],{"class":60},[46,156731,6581],{"class":56},[46,156733,71],{"class":64},[46,156735,6566],{"class":60},[46,156737,156738,156740,156742,156744,156747,156749],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,156739,8240],{"class":90},[46,156741,94],{"class":60},[46,156743,427],{"class":426},[46,156745,156746],{"class":430},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[46,156748,427],{"class":426},[46,156750,215],{"class":60},[20,156752,156753],{},[3924,156754,143],{},[37,156756,156758],{"className":39,"code":156757,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156759,156760],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156761,156762,156765,156767],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156763,156764],{"class":52},"This looks like an x",[46,156766,68],{"class":60},[46,156768,156769],{"class":52}," y coordinate\n",[283,156771,156773],{"id":156772},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[37,156775,156777],{"className":39,"code":156776,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156778,156779,156808,156812,156830],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156780,156781,156783,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801,156804,156806],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156782,11656],{"class":52},[46,156784,57],{"class":56},[46,156786,9406],{"class":60},[46,156788,427],{"class":426},[46,156790,1018],{"class":430},[46,156792,427],{"class":426},[46,156794,68],{"class":60},[46,156796,9475],{"class":64},[46,156798,68],{"class":60},[46,156800,438],{"class":426},[46,156802,156803],{"class":430},"Canada",[46,156805,427],{"class":426},[46,156807,215],{"class":60},[46,156809,156810],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156811,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,156813,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156815,7170],{"class":1595},[46,156817,38551],{"class":90},[46,156819,94],{"class":60},[46,156821,11750],{"class":102},[46,156823,1592],{"class":60},[46,156825,6581],{"class":56},[46,156827,312],{"class":64},[46,156829,6566],{"class":60},[46,156831,156832,156834,156836,156838,156841,156843],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,156833,8240],{"class":90},[46,156835,94],{"class":60},[46,156837,427],{"class":426},[46,156839,156840],{"class":430},"User record has the expected number of values",[46,156842,427],{"class":426},[46,156844,215],{"class":60},[20,156846,156847],{},[3924,156848,143],{},[37,156850,156852],{"className":39,"code":156851,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156853,156854],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156855,156856],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156857,156851],{"class":52},[283,156859,156861],{"id":156860},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[37,156863,156865],{"className":39,"code":156864,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156866,156867,156899,156903,156923],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156868,156869,156871,156873,156875,156877,156879,156881,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156870,36259],{"class":52},[46,156872,57],{"class":56},[46,156874,9406],{"class":60},[46,156876,427],{"class":426},[46,156878,501],{"class":430},[46,156880,427],{"class":426},[46,156882,68],{"class":60},[46,156884,438],{"class":426},[46,156886,4935],{"class":430},[46,156888,427],{"class":426},[46,156890,68],{"class":60},[46,156892,438],{"class":426},[46,156894,9908],{"class":430},[46,156896,427],{"class":426},[46,156898,215],{"class":60},[46,156900,156901],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156902,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,156904,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156906,6129],{"class":1595},[46,156908,69707],{"class":52},[46,156910,1602],{"class":1595},[46,156912,54233],{"class":90},[46,156914,94],{"class":60},[46,156916,476],{"class":90},[46,156918,94],{"class":60},[46,156920,36312],{"class":102},[46,156922,69722],{"class":60},[46,156924,156925,156927,156929,156931,156933,156935,156937,156939],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,156926,8240],{"class":90},[46,156928,94],{"class":60},[46,156930,36323],{"class":102},[46,156932,68],{"class":60},[46,156934,70255],{"class":102},[46,156936,1152],{"class":60},[46,156938,36323],{"class":102},[46,156940,1161],{"class":60},[20,156942,156943],{},[3924,156944,143],{},[37,156946,156947],{"className":39,"code":36335,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,156948,156949,156955,156961],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,156950,156951,156953],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,156952,554],{"class":64},[46,156954,36344],{"class":52},[46,156956,156957,156959],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,156958,3175],{"class":64},[46,156960,36351],{"class":52},[46,156962,156963,156965],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,156964,2243],{"class":64},[46,156966,36358],{"class":52},[20,156968,156969,156970,156972,156973,507],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[501,156971,149620],{"href":149619},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[501,156974,150864],{"href":150863},[32,156976,1834],{"id":1833},[20,156978,156979],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[172,156981,156982,156990,156997,157002],{},[175,156983,156984,156985,11260,156988],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156986,156987],{},"(5)",[15,156989,149454],{},[175,156991,578,156992,156994,156995],{},[15,156993,476],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156996,498],{},[175,156998,1853,156999,157001],{},[15,157000,498],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[175,157003,157004],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,157006,32250],{},[37,157008,157010],{"className":39,"code":157009,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,157011,157012,157022,157036,157050],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157013,157014,157016,157018,157020],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157015,91],{"class":90},[46,157017,94],{"class":60},[46,157019,147965],{"class":102},[46,157021,215],{"class":60},[46,157023,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157025,91],{"class":90},[46,157027,94],{"class":60},[46,157029,1889],{"class":1270},[46,157031,94],{"class":60},[46,157033,147965],{"class":102},[46,157035,106],{"class":60},[46,157037,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,157039,91],{"class":90},[46,157041,94],{"class":60},[46,157043,476],{"class":90},[46,157045,94],{"class":60},[46,157047,147965],{"class":102},[46,157049,106],{"class":60},[46,157051,157052,157054,157056,157058],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,157053,32320],{"class":90},[46,157055,94],{"class":60},[46,157057,476],{"class":90},[46,157059,215],{"class":60},[20,157061,155174],{},[172,157063,157064,157067,157070,157074],{},[175,157065,157066],{},"what value you are using",[175,157068,157069],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[175,157071,26187,157072,11874],{},[15,157073,498],{},[175,157075,123338,157076,157078],{},[15,157077,498],{}," is documented in Python",[32,157080,1991],{"id":1990},[283,157082,157084],{"id":157083},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157086,160,157087,157090],{},[15,157088,157089],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[283,157092,12872,157094,149124],{"id":157093},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157095,498],{},[20,157097,46530,157098,157100],{},[15,157099,498],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[283,157102,157104],{"id":157103},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157106,157107,157108,507],{},"The length is ",[15,157109,554],{},[283,157111,157113],{"id":157112},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157115,150810,157116,157118],{},[15,157117,150813],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[283,157120,12872,157122,157124],{"id":157121},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157123,498],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157126,157127],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[32,157129,2065],{"id":2064},[172,157131,157132,157138,157142,157146,157150],{},[175,157133,157134],{},[501,157135,13,157136,506],{"href":503},[15,157137,498],{},[175,157139,157140],{},[501,157141,156039],{"href":147950},[175,157143,157144],{},[501,157145,149620],{"href":149619},[175,157147,157148],{},[501,157149,150864],{"href":150863},[175,157151,157152],{},[501,157153,157154],{"href":149250},"What is a tuple in Python",[2103,157156,157157],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":157159},[157160,157161,157162,157169,157175,157184,157190,157191,157200],{"id":15328,"depth":87,"text":15329},{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":155527,"depth":87,"text":157163,"children":157164},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157165,157166,157167,157168],{"id":155539,"depth":109,"text":155540},{"id":155606,"depth":109,"text":155607},{"id":155651,"depth":109,"text":155652},{"id":155700,"depth":109,"text":155701},{"id":155789,"depth":87,"text":155790,"children":157170},[157171,157172,157173,157174],{"id":155793,"depth":109,"text":155794},{"id":155868,"depth":109,"text":155607},{"id":155910,"depth":109,"text":155911},{"id":156044,"depth":109,"text":156045},{"id":156128,"depth":87,"text":156129,"children":157176},[157177,157179,157181,157182],{"id":156132,"depth":109,"text":157178},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156270,"depth":109,"text":157180},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156346,"depth":109,"text":156347},{"id":156481,"depth":109,"text":157183},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156609,"depth":87,"text":156610,"children":157185},[157186,157187,157188,157189],{"id":156618,"depth":109,"text":156619},{"id":156691,"depth":109,"text":156692},{"id":156772,"depth":109,"text":156773},{"id":156860,"depth":109,"text":156861},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":157192},[157193,157194,157196,157197,157198],{"id":157083,"depth":109,"text":157084},{"id":157093,"depth":109,"text":157195},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157103,"depth":109,"text":157104},{"id":157112,"depth":109,"text":157113},{"id":157121,"depth":109,"text":157199},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155311,"description":157201},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157208,"title":157209,"body":157210,"description":159595,"extension":2150,"meta":159596,"navigation":112,"path":159597,"seo":159598,"stem":159599,"__hash__":159600},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157211,"toc":159556},[157212,157215,157218,157221,157244,157250,157252,157363,157367,157370,157380,157382,157481,157483,157560,157566,157570,157573,157596,157599,157616,157619,157621,157684,157686,157703,157714,157719,157721,157724,157730,157781,157783,157803,157807,157858,157860,157881,157885,157940,157942,157963,157967,158022,158024,158045,158049,158102,158104,158133,158135,158137,158140,158144,158201,158203,158224,158228,158281,158283,158308,158313,158317,158322,158340,158343,158406,158408,158429,158432,158493,158495,158516,158519,158562,158565,158569,158574,158578,158657,158659,158690,158694,158769,158771,158798,158802,158849,158851,158859,158864,158868,158871,158886,158888,158976,158978,159003,159006,159049,159058,159060,159063,159078,159081,159085,159139,159141,159161,159166,159170,159172,159210,159213,159263,159267,159340,159342,159379,159382,159384,159387,159407,159410,159479,159481,159494,159496,159500,159503,159507,159510,159515,159518,159524,159529,159531,159553],[10,157213,157209],{"id":157214},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157216,157217],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157219,157220],{},"Use this format:",[37,157222,157224],{"className":39,"code":157223,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157225,157226],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157227,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157229,49116],{"class":52},[46,157231,1152],{"class":60},[46,157233,36241],{"class":52},[46,157235,198],{"class":60},[46,157237,75580],{"class":52},[46,157239,198],{"class":60},[46,157241,75583],{"class":52},[46,157243,84],{"class":60},[20,157245,882,157246,75616,157248,507],{},[15,157247,75580],{},[3924,157249,65230],{},[32,157251,35],{"id":34},[37,157253,157255],{"className":39,"code":157254,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157256,157257,157285,157289,157310,157327,157344],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157258,157259,157261,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157260,53],{"class":52},[46,157262,57],{"class":56},[46,157264,9406],{"class":60},[46,157266,1494],{"class":64},[46,157268,68],{"class":60},[46,157270,7962],{"class":64},[46,157272,68],{"class":60},[46,157274,7967],{"class":64},[46,157276,68],{"class":60},[46,157278,51007],{"class":64},[46,157280,68],{"class":60},[46,157282,5254],{"class":64},[46,157284,215],{"class":60},[46,157286,157287],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157288,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,157290,157291,157293,157295,157297,157299,157301,157303,157305,157307],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,157292,91],{"class":90},[46,157294,94],{"class":60},[46,157296,103],{"class":102},[46,157298,1152],{"class":60},[46,157300,3175],{"class":64},[46,157302,198],{"class":60},[46,157304,2691],{"class":64},[46,157306,20613],{"class":60},[46,157308,157309],{"class":3845},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[46,157311,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,157313,91],{"class":90},[46,157315,94],{"class":60},[46,157317,103],{"class":102},[46,157319,75689],{"class":60},[46,157321,2249],{"class":64},[46,157323,20613],{"class":60},[46,157325,157326],{"class":3845},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[46,157328,157329,157331,157333,157335,157337,157339,157341],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,157330,91],{"class":90},[46,157332,94],{"class":60},[46,157334,103],{"class":102},[46,157336,74278],{"class":60},[46,157338,2243],{"class":64},[46,157340,20613],{"class":60},[46,157342,157343],{"class":3845},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[46,157345,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,157347,91],{"class":90},[46,157349,94],{"class":60},[46,157351,103],{"class":102},[46,157353,74278],{"class":60},[46,157355,2208],{"class":56},[46,157357,3175],{"class":64},[46,157359,20613],{"class":60},[46,157361,157362],{"class":3845},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[32,157364,157366],{"id":157365},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157368,157369],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[172,157371,157372,157374,157377],{},[175,157373,75883],{},[175,157375,157376],{},"The result is a new tuple",[175,157378,157379],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157381,2393],{},[37,157383,157385],{"className":39,"code":157384,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157386,157387,157435,157439,157457,157461,157471],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157388,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157390,36259],{"class":52},[46,157392,57],{"class":56},[46,157394,9406],{"class":60},[46,157396,427],{"class":426},[46,157398,501],{"class":430},[46,157400,427],{"class":426},[46,157402,68],{"class":60},[46,157404,438],{"class":426},[46,157406,4935],{"class":430},[46,157408,427],{"class":426},[46,157410,68],{"class":60},[46,157412,438],{"class":426},[46,157414,9908],{"class":430},[46,157416,427],{"class":426},[46,157418,68],{"class":60},[46,157420,438],{"class":426},[46,157422,18935],{"class":430},[46,157424,427],{"class":426},[46,157426,68],{"class":60},[46,157428,438],{"class":426},[46,157430,60607],{"class":430},[46,157432,427],{"class":426},[46,157434,215],{"class":60},[46,157436,157437],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157438,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,157440,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,157442,75813],{"class":52},[46,157444,57],{"class":56},[46,157446,70255],{"class":52},[46,157448,1152],{"class":60},[46,157450,3175],{"class":64},[46,157452,198],{"class":60},[46,157454,2691],{"class":64},[46,157456,84],{"class":60},[46,157458,157459],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,157460,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,157462,157463,157465,157467,157469],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,157464,91],{"class":90},[46,157466,94],{"class":60},[46,157468,75836],{"class":102},[46,157470,215],{"class":60},[46,157472,157473,157475,157477,157479],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,157474,91],{"class":90},[46,157476,94],{"class":60},[46,157478,36312],{"class":102},[46,157480,215],{"class":60},[20,157482,143],{},[37,157484,157486],{"className":39,"code":157485,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157487,157488,157516],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157489,157490,157492,157494,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157491,94],{"class":60},[46,157493,1188],{"class":426},[46,157495,4935],{"class":430},[46,157497,1188],{"class":426},[46,157499,68],{"class":60},[46,157501,1197],{"class":426},[46,157503,9908],{"class":430},[46,157505,1188],{"class":426},[46,157507,68],{"class":60},[46,157509,1197],{"class":426},[46,157511,18935],{"class":430},[46,157513,1188],{"class":426},[46,157515,215],{"class":60},[46,157517,157518,157520,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157519,94],{"class":60},[46,157521,1188],{"class":426},[46,157523,501],{"class":430},[46,157525,1188],{"class":426},[46,157527,68],{"class":60},[46,157529,1197],{"class":426},[46,157531,4935],{"class":430},[46,157533,1188],{"class":426},[46,157535,68],{"class":60},[46,157537,1197],{"class":426},[46,157539,9908],{"class":430},[46,157541,1188],{"class":426},[46,157543,68],{"class":60},[46,157545,1197],{"class":426},[46,157547,18935],{"class":430},[46,157549,1188],{"class":426},[46,157551,68],{"class":60},[46,157553,1197],{"class":426},[46,157555,60607],{"class":430},[46,157557,1188],{"class":426},[46,157559,215],{"class":60},[20,157561,157562,157563,507],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[501,157564,147947],{"href":157565},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[32,157567,157569],{"id":157568},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157571,157572],{},"The full syntax is:",[37,157574,157576],{"className":39,"code":157575,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157577,157578],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157579,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157581,147965],{"class":52},[46,157583,1152],{"class":60},[46,157585,36241],{"class":52},[46,157587,198],{"class":60},[46,157589,75580],{"class":52},[46,157591,198],{"class":60},[46,157593,75583],{"class":52},[46,157595,84],{"class":60},[20,157597,157598],{},"Each part has a job:",[172,157600,157601,157606,157611],{},[175,157602,157603,157605],{},[15,157604,36241],{},": where slicing begins",[175,157607,157608,157610],{},[15,157609,75580],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[175,157612,157613,157615],{},[15,157614,75583],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157617,157618],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157620,2393],{},[37,157622,157624],{"className":39,"code":157623,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157625,157626,157658,157662],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157627,157628,157630,157632,157634,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157629,53],{"class":52},[46,157631,57],{"class":56},[46,157633,9406],{"class":60},[46,157635,1494],{"class":64},[46,157637,68],{"class":60},[46,157639,7962],{"class":64},[46,157641,68],{"class":60},[46,157643,7967],{"class":64},[46,157645,68],{"class":60},[46,157647,51007],{"class":64},[46,157649,68],{"class":60},[46,157651,5254],{"class":64},[46,157653,68],{"class":60},[46,157655,618],{"class":64},[46,157657,215],{"class":60},[46,157659,157660],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157661,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,157663,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,157665,91],{"class":90},[46,157667,94],{"class":60},[46,157669,103],{"class":102},[46,157671,1152],{"class":60},[46,157673,3175],{"class":64},[46,157675,198],{"class":60},[46,157677,65],{"class":64},[46,157679,198],{"class":60},[46,157681,2243],{"class":64},[46,157683,1161],{"class":60},[20,157685,143],{},[37,157687,157689],{"className":39,"code":157688,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157690,157691],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157692,157693,157695,157697,157699,157701],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157694,94],{"class":60},[46,157696,1501],{"class":64},[46,157698,68],{"class":60},[46,157700,51007],{"class":64},[46,157702,215],{"class":60},[20,157704,157705,157706,157708,157709,157711,157712,507],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157707,3175],{},", stops before index ",[15,157710,65],{},", and moves by ",[15,157713,2243],{},[20,157715,157716,157717,507],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[501,157718,149620],{"href":153046},[32,157720,76170],{"id":76169},[20,157722,157723],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[283,157725,157727,157728,6137],{"id":157726},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157729,76184],{},[37,157731,157733],{"className":39,"code":157732,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157734,157735,157763,157767],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157736,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157738,53],{"class":52},[46,157740,57],{"class":56},[46,157742,9406],{"class":60},[46,157744,1494],{"class":64},[46,157746,68],{"class":60},[46,157748,7962],{"class":64},[46,157750,68],{"class":60},[46,157752,7967],{"class":64},[46,157754,68],{"class":60},[46,157756,51007],{"class":64},[46,157758,68],{"class":60},[46,157760,5254],{"class":64},[46,157762,215],{"class":60},[46,157764,157765],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157766,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,157768,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,157770,91],{"class":90},[46,157772,94],{"class":60},[46,157774,103],{"class":102},[46,157776,75689],{"class":60},[46,157778,2249],{"class":64},[46,157780,1161],{"class":60},[20,157782,143],{},[37,157784,157785],{"className":39,"code":151312,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,157786,157787],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157788,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797,157799,157801],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157790,94],{"class":60},[46,157792,1494],{"class":64},[46,157794,68],{"class":60},[46,157796,7962],{"class":64},[46,157798,68],{"class":60},[46,157800,7967],{"class":64},[46,157802,215],{"class":60},[283,157804,157806],{"id":157805},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[37,157808,157810],{"className":39,"code":157809,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157811,157812,157840,157844],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157813,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157815,53],{"class":52},[46,157817,57],{"class":56},[46,157819,9406],{"class":60},[46,157821,1494],{"class":64},[46,157823,68],{"class":60},[46,157825,7962],{"class":64},[46,157827,68],{"class":60},[46,157829,7967],{"class":64},[46,157831,68],{"class":60},[46,157833,51007],{"class":64},[46,157835,68],{"class":60},[46,157837,5254],{"class":64},[46,157839,215],{"class":60},[46,157841,157842],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157843,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,157845,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,157847,91],{"class":90},[46,157849,94],{"class":60},[46,157851,103],{"class":102},[46,157853,1152],{"class":60},[46,157855,2243],{"class":64},[46,157857,77869],{"class":60},[20,157859,143],{},[37,157861,157863],{"className":39,"code":157862,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157864,157865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157866,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157868,94],{"class":60},[46,157870,37010],{"class":64},[46,157872,68],{"class":60},[46,157874,51007],{"class":64},[46,157876,68],{"class":60},[46,157878,5254],{"class":64},[46,157880,215],{"class":60},[283,157882,157884],{"id":157883},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[37,157886,157888],{"className":39,"code":157887,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157889,157890,157918,157922],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157891,157892,157894,157896,157898,157900,157902,157904,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157893,53],{"class":52},[46,157895,57],{"class":56},[46,157897,9406],{"class":60},[46,157899,1494],{"class":64},[46,157901,68],{"class":60},[46,157903,7962],{"class":64},[46,157905,68],{"class":60},[46,157907,7967],{"class":64},[46,157909,68],{"class":60},[46,157911,51007],{"class":64},[46,157913,68],{"class":60},[46,157915,5254],{"class":64},[46,157917,215],{"class":60},[46,157919,157920],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,157921,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,157923,157924,157926,157928,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,157925,91],{"class":90},[46,157927,94],{"class":60},[46,157929,103],{"class":102},[46,157931,1152],{"class":60},[46,157933,3175],{"class":64},[46,157935,198],{"class":60},[46,157937,2691],{"class":64},[46,157939,1161],{"class":60},[20,157941,143],{},[37,157943,157945],{"className":39,"code":157944,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157946,157947],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157948,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957,157959,157961],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157950,94],{"class":60},[46,157952,1501],{"class":64},[46,157954,68],{"class":60},[46,157956,7967],{"class":64},[46,157958,68],{"class":60},[46,157960,51007],{"class":64},[46,157962,215],{"class":60},[283,157964,157966],{"id":157965},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[37,157968,157970],{"className":39,"code":157969,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157971,157972,158004,158008],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,157973,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000,158002],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,157975,53],{"class":52},[46,157977,57],{"class":56},[46,157979,9406],{"class":60},[46,157981,1494],{"class":64},[46,157983,68],{"class":60},[46,157985,7962],{"class":64},[46,157987,68],{"class":60},[46,157989,7967],{"class":64},[46,157991,68],{"class":60},[46,157993,51007],{"class":64},[46,157995,68],{"class":60},[46,157997,5254],{"class":64},[46,157999,68],{"class":60},[46,158001,618],{"class":64},[46,158003,215],{"class":60},[46,158005,158006],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158007,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158009,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158011,91],{"class":90},[46,158013,94],{"class":60},[46,158015,103],{"class":102},[46,158017,74278],{"class":60},[46,158019,2243],{"class":64},[46,158021,1161],{"class":60},[20,158023,143],{},[37,158025,158027],{"className":39,"code":158026,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,158028,158029],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158030,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158032,94],{"class":60},[46,158034,1494],{"class":64},[46,158036,68],{"class":60},[46,158038,7967],{"class":64},[46,158040,68],{"class":60},[46,158042,5254],{"class":64},[46,158044,215],{"class":60},[283,158046,158048],{"id":158047},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[37,158050,158052],{"className":39,"code":158051,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,158053,158054,158082,158086],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158055,158056,158058,158060,158062,158064,158066,158068,158070,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158057,53],{"class":52},[46,158059,57],{"class":56},[46,158061,9406],{"class":60},[46,158063,1494],{"class":64},[46,158065,68],{"class":60},[46,158067,7962],{"class":64},[46,158069,68],{"class":60},[46,158071,7967],{"class":64},[46,158073,68],{"class":60},[46,158075,51007],{"class":64},[46,158077,68],{"class":60},[46,158079,5254],{"class":64},[46,158081,215],{"class":60},[46,158083,158084],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158085,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158087,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158089,91],{"class":90},[46,158091,94],{"class":60},[46,158093,103],{"class":102},[46,158095,74278],{"class":60},[46,158097,2208],{"class":56},[46,158099,3175],{"class":64},[46,158101,1161],{"class":60},[20,158103,143],{},[37,158105,158107],{"className":39,"code":158106,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158108,158109],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158110,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158112,94],{"class":60},[46,158114,76947],{"class":64},[46,158116,68],{"class":60},[46,158118,51007],{"class":64},[46,158120,68],{"class":60},[46,158122,7967],{"class":64},[46,158124,68],{"class":60},[46,158126,7962],{"class":64},[46,158128,68],{"class":60},[46,158130,6176],{"class":64},[46,158132,215],{"class":60},[32,158134,76463],{"id":76462},[20,158136,154319],{},[20,158138,158139],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[283,158141,158143],{"id":158142},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[37,158145,158147],{"className":39,"code":158146,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158148,158149,158181,158185],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158150,158151,158153,158155,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158152,53],{"class":52},[46,158154,57],{"class":56},[46,158156,9406],{"class":60},[46,158158,1494],{"class":64},[46,158160,68],{"class":60},[46,158162,7962],{"class":64},[46,158164,68],{"class":60},[46,158166,7967],{"class":64},[46,158168,68],{"class":60},[46,158170,51007],{"class":64},[46,158172,68],{"class":60},[46,158174,5254],{"class":64},[46,158176,68],{"class":60},[46,158178,618],{"class":64},[46,158180,215],{"class":60},[46,158182,158183],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158184,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158186,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158188,91],{"class":90},[46,158190,94],{"class":60},[46,158192,103],{"class":102},[46,158194,1152],{"class":60},[46,158196,2208],{"class":56},[46,158198,2249],{"class":64},[46,158200,77869],{"class":60},[20,158202,143],{},[37,158204,158206],{"className":39,"code":158205,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158207,158208],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158209,158210,158212,158214,158216,158218,158220,158222],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158211,94],{"class":60},[46,158213,56855],{"class":64},[46,158215,68],{"class":60},[46,158217,5254],{"class":64},[46,158219,68],{"class":60},[46,158221,618],{"class":64},[46,158223,215],{"class":60},[283,158225,158227],{"id":158226},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[37,158229,158231],{"className":39,"code":158230,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158232,158233,158261,158265],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158234,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158236,53],{"class":52},[46,158238,57],{"class":56},[46,158240,9406],{"class":60},[46,158242,1494],{"class":64},[46,158244,68],{"class":60},[46,158246,7962],{"class":64},[46,158248,68],{"class":60},[46,158250,7967],{"class":64},[46,158252,68],{"class":60},[46,158254,51007],{"class":64},[46,158256,68],{"class":60},[46,158258,5254],{"class":64},[46,158260,215],{"class":60},[46,158262,158263],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158264,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158266,158267,158269,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158268,91],{"class":90},[46,158270,94],{"class":60},[46,158272,103],{"class":102},[46,158274,75689],{"class":60},[46,158276,2208],{"class":56},[46,158278,3175],{"class":64},[46,158280,1161],{"class":60},[20,158282,143],{},[37,158284,158286],{"className":39,"code":158285,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158287,158288],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158289,158290,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302,158304,158306],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158291,94],{"class":60},[46,158293,1494],{"class":64},[46,158295,68],{"class":60},[46,158297,7962],{"class":64},[46,158299,68],{"class":60},[46,158301,7967],{"class":64},[46,158303,68],{"class":60},[46,158305,51007],{"class":64},[46,158307,215],{"class":60},[20,158309,158310,158311,507],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[501,158312,150869],{"href":157203},[32,158314,158316],{"id":158315},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158318,882,158319,158321],{},[15,158320,75583],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[172,158323,158324,158326,158328,158334],{},[175,158325,76719],{},[175,158327,76722],{},[175,158329,158330,158333],{},[15,158331,158332],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[175,158335,158336,158337,158339],{},"A step of ",[15,158338,554],{}," is not allowed",[20,158341,158342],{},"Example with a positive step:",[37,158344,158346],{"className":39,"code":158345,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158347,158348,158380,158384],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158349,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158351,53],{"class":52},[46,158353,57],{"class":56},[46,158355,9406],{"class":60},[46,158357,1494],{"class":64},[46,158359,68],{"class":60},[46,158361,7962],{"class":64},[46,158363,68],{"class":60},[46,158365,7967],{"class":64},[46,158367,68],{"class":60},[46,158369,51007],{"class":64},[46,158371,68],{"class":60},[46,158373,5254],{"class":64},[46,158375,68],{"class":60},[46,158377,618],{"class":64},[46,158379,215],{"class":60},[46,158381,158382],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158383,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158385,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158387,91],{"class":90},[46,158389,94],{"class":60},[46,158391,103],{"class":102},[46,158393,1152],{"class":60},[46,158395,3175],{"class":64},[46,158397,198],{"class":60},[46,158399,80742],{"class":64},[46,158401,198],{"class":60},[46,158403,2243],{"class":64},[46,158405,1161],{"class":60},[20,158407,143],{},[37,158409,158411],{"className":39,"code":158410,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158412,158413],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158414,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158416,94],{"class":60},[46,158418,1501],{"class":64},[46,158420,68],{"class":60},[46,158422,51007],{"class":64},[46,158424,68],{"class":60},[46,158426,618],{"class":64},[46,158428,215],{"class":60},[20,158430,158431],{},"Example with a negative step:",[37,158433,158435],{"className":39,"code":158434,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158436,158437,158465,158469],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158438,158439,158441,158443,158445,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158440,53],{"class":52},[46,158442,57],{"class":56},[46,158444,9406],{"class":60},[46,158446,1494],{"class":64},[46,158448,68],{"class":60},[46,158450,7962],{"class":64},[46,158452,68],{"class":60},[46,158454,7967],{"class":64},[46,158456,68],{"class":60},[46,158458,51007],{"class":64},[46,158460,68],{"class":60},[46,158462,5254],{"class":64},[46,158464,215],{"class":60},[46,158466,158467],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158468,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158470,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158472,91],{"class":90},[46,158474,94],{"class":60},[46,158476,103],{"class":102},[46,158478,1152],{"class":60},[46,158480,2691],{"class":64},[46,158482,198],{"class":60},[46,158484,3175],{"class":64},[46,158486,198],{"class":60},[46,158488,2208],{"class":56},[46,158490,3175],{"class":64},[46,158492,1161],{"class":60},[20,158494,143],{},[37,158496,158498],{"className":39,"code":158497,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158499,158500],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158501,158502,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158503,94],{"class":60},[46,158505,76947],{"class":64},[46,158507,68],{"class":60},[46,158509,51007],{"class":64},[46,158511,68],{"class":60},[46,158513,7967],{"class":64},[46,158515,215],{"class":60},[20,158517,158518],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[37,158520,158522],{"className":39,"code":158521,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158523,158524,158544,158548],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158525,158526,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158527,53],{"class":52},[46,158529,57],{"class":56},[46,158531,9406],{"class":60},[46,158533,1494],{"class":64},[46,158535,68],{"class":60},[46,158537,7962],{"class":64},[46,158539,68],{"class":60},[46,158541,7967],{"class":64},[46,158543,215],{"class":60},[46,158545,158546],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158547,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158549,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158551,91],{"class":90},[46,158553,94],{"class":60},[46,158555,103],{"class":102},[46,158557,74278],{"class":60},[46,158559,554],{"class":64},[46,158561,1161],{"class":60},[20,158563,158564],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[32,158566,158568],{"id":158567},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158570,158571,158572,33910],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3924,158573,49116],{},[283,158575,158577],{"id":158576},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[37,158579,158581],{"className":39,"code":158580,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158582,158583,158607,158611,158629,158633,158643],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158584,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158586,53],{"class":52},[46,158588,57],{"class":56},[46,158590,9406],{"class":60},[46,158592,1494],{"class":64},[46,158594,68],{"class":60},[46,158596,7962],{"class":64},[46,158598,68],{"class":60},[46,158600,7967],{"class":64},[46,158602,68],{"class":60},[46,158604,51007],{"class":64},[46,158606,215],{"class":60},[46,158608,158609],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158610,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158612,158613,158615,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158614,2416],{"class":52},[46,158616,57],{"class":56},[46,158618,4437],{"class":52},[46,158620,1152],{"class":60},[46,158622,3175],{"class":64},[46,158624,198],{"class":60},[46,158626,2249],{"class":64},[46,158628,84],{"class":60},[46,158630,158631],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,158632,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158634,158635,158637,158639,158641],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,158636,91],{"class":90},[46,158638,94],{"class":60},[46,158640,2451],{"class":102},[46,158642,215],{"class":60},[46,158644,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,158646,91],{"class":90},[46,158648,94],{"class":60},[46,158650,1889],{"class":1270},[46,158652,94],{"class":60},[46,158654,2451],{"class":102},[46,158656,106],{"class":60},[20,158658,143],{},[37,158660,158662],{"className":39,"code":158661,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158663,158664,158676],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158665,158666,158668,158670,158672,158674],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158667,94],{"class":60},[46,158669,1501],{"class":64},[46,158671,68],{"class":60},[46,158673,7967],{"class":64},[46,158675,215],{"class":60},[46,158677,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158679,3476],{"class":56},[46,158681,3479],{"class":1140},[46,158683,1197],{"class":426},[46,158685,49116],{"class":430},[46,158687,1188],{"class":426},[46,158689,3488],{"class":56},[283,158691,158693],{"id":158692},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[37,158695,158697],{"className":39,"code":158696,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158698,158699,158719,158723,158741,158745,158755],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158700,158701,158703,158705,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158702,53],{"class":52},[46,158704,57],{"class":56},[46,158706,9406],{"class":60},[46,158708,1494],{"class":64},[46,158710,68],{"class":60},[46,158712,7962],{"class":64},[46,158714,68],{"class":60},[46,158716,7967],{"class":64},[46,158718,215],{"class":60},[46,158720,158721],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158722,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158724,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158726,2416],{"class":52},[46,158728,57],{"class":56},[46,158730,4437],{"class":52},[46,158732,1152],{"class":60},[46,158734,3175],{"class":64},[46,158736,198],{"class":60},[46,158738,2243],{"class":64},[46,158740,84],{"class":60},[46,158742,158743],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,158744,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158746,158747,158749,158751,158753],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,158748,91],{"class":90},[46,158750,94],{"class":60},[46,158752,2451],{"class":102},[46,158754,215],{"class":60},[46,158756,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,158758,91],{"class":90},[46,158760,94],{"class":60},[46,158762,1889],{"class":1270},[46,158764,94],{"class":60},[46,158766,2451],{"class":102},[46,158768,106],{"class":60},[20,158770,143],{},[37,158772,158774],{"className":39,"code":158773,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158775,158776,158784],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158777,158778,158780,158782],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158779,94],{"class":60},[46,158781,1501],{"class":64},[46,158783,149303],{"class":60},[46,158785,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158787,3476],{"class":56},[46,158789,3479],{"class":1140},[46,158791,1197],{"class":426},[46,158793,49116],{"class":430},[46,158795,1188],{"class":426},[46,158797,3488],{"class":56},[283,158799,158801],{"id":158800},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[37,158803,158805],{"className":39,"code":158804,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158806,158807,158827,158831],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158810,53],{"class":52},[46,158812,57],{"class":56},[46,158814,9406],{"class":60},[46,158816,1494],{"class":64},[46,158818,68],{"class":60},[46,158820,7962],{"class":64},[46,158822,68],{"class":60},[46,158824,7967],{"class":64},[46,158826,215],{"class":60},[46,158828,158829],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158830,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158832,158833,158835,158837,158839,158841,158843,158845,158847],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158834,91],{"class":90},[46,158836,94],{"class":60},[46,158838,103],{"class":102},[46,158840,1152],{"class":60},[46,158842,65],{"class":64},[46,158844,198],{"class":60},[46,158846,307],{"class":64},[46,158848,1161],{"class":60},[20,158850,143],{},[37,158852,158853],{"className":39,"code":8814,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,158854,158855],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158856,158857],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158858,8814],{"class":60},[20,158860,158861,158862,507],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[501,158863,156039],{"href":150926},[32,158865,158867],{"id":158866},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158869,158870],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[172,158872,158873,158875,158878,158883],{},[175,158874,77028],{},[175,158876,158877],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[175,158879,158880,158881],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158882,70890],{},[175,158884,158885],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158887,2393],{},[37,158889,158891],{"className":39,"code":158890,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158892,158893,158913,158917,158934,158955],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158894,158895,158897,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158896,53],{"class":52},[46,158898,57],{"class":56},[46,158900,9406],{"class":60},[46,158902,1494],{"class":64},[46,158904,68],{"class":60},[46,158906,7962],{"class":64},[46,158908,68],{"class":60},[46,158910,7967],{"class":64},[46,158912,215],{"class":60},[46,158914,158915],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158916,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,158918,158919,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,158920,91],{"class":90},[46,158922,94],{"class":60},[46,158924,103],{"class":102},[46,158926,1152],{"class":60},[46,158928,3175],{"class":64},[46,158930,20613],{"class":60},[46,158932,158933],{"class":3845},"    # one item\n",[46,158935,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,158937,91],{"class":90},[46,158939,94],{"class":60},[46,158941,103],{"class":102},[46,158943,1152],{"class":60},[46,158945,3175],{"class":64},[46,158947,198],{"class":60},[46,158949,65],{"class":64},[46,158951,20613],{"class":60},[46,158953,158954],{"class":3845},"  # slice\n",[46,158956,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971,158973],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,158958,91],{"class":90},[46,158960,94],{"class":60},[46,158962,103],{"class":102},[46,158964,1152],{"class":60},[46,158966,65],{"class":64},[46,158968,198],{"class":60},[46,158970,307],{"class":64},[46,158972,20613],{"class":60},[46,158974,158975],{"class":3845},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158977,143],{},[37,158979,158981],{"className":39,"code":158980,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158982,158983,158987,158999],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,158984,158985],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,158986,71383],{"class":64},[46,158988,158989,158991,158993,158995,158997],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,158990,94],{"class":60},[46,158992,1501],{"class":64},[46,158994,68],{"class":60},[46,158996,7967],{"class":64},[46,158998,215],{"class":60},[46,159000,159001],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159002,8814],{"class":60},[20,159004,159005],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[37,159007,159009],{"className":39,"code":159008,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,159010,159011,159031,159035],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159012,159013,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025,159027,159029],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159014,53],{"class":52},[46,159016,57],{"class":56},[46,159018,9406],{"class":60},[46,159020,1494],{"class":64},[46,159022,68],{"class":60},[46,159024,7962],{"class":64},[46,159026,68],{"class":60},[46,159028,7967],{"class":64},[46,159030,215],{"class":60},[46,159032,159033],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159034,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,159036,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045,159047],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159038,91],{"class":90},[46,159040,94],{"class":60},[46,159042,103],{"class":102},[46,159044,1152],{"class":60},[46,159046,65],{"class":64},[46,159048,1161],{"class":60},[20,159050,159051,159052,159054,159055,507],{},"This raises an ",[15,159053,70890],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[501,159056,154792],{"href":159057},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[32,159059,15343],{"id":77295},[20,159061,159062],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[172,159064,159065,159068,159070,159073],{},[175,159066,159067],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[175,159069,60852],{},[175,159071,159072],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[175,159074,159075,159076],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159077,554],{},[20,159079,159080],{},"Here are a few examples.",[283,159082,159084],{"id":159083},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[37,159086,159087],{"className":39,"code":157887,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,159088,159089,159117,159121],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159090,159091,159093,159095,159097,159099,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109,159111,159113,159115],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159092,53],{"class":52},[46,159094,57],{"class":56},[46,159096,9406],{"class":60},[46,159098,1494],{"class":64},[46,159100,68],{"class":60},[46,159102,7962],{"class":64},[46,159104,68],{"class":60},[46,159106,7967],{"class":64},[46,159108,68],{"class":60},[46,159110,51007],{"class":64},[46,159112,68],{"class":60},[46,159114,5254],{"class":64},[46,159116,215],{"class":60},[46,159118,159119],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159120,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,159122,159123,159125,159127,159129,159131,159133,159135,159137],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159124,91],{"class":90},[46,159126,94],{"class":60},[46,159128,103],{"class":102},[46,159130,1152],{"class":60},[46,159132,3175],{"class":64},[46,159134,198],{"class":60},[46,159136,2691],{"class":64},[46,159138,1161],{"class":60},[20,159140,143],{},[37,159142,159143],{"className":39,"code":157944,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,159144,159145],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159146,159147,159149,159151,159153,159155,159157,159159],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159148,94],{"class":60},[46,159150,1501],{"class":64},[46,159152,68],{"class":60},[46,159154,7967],{"class":64},[46,159156,68],{"class":60},[46,159158,51007],{"class":64},[46,159160,215],{"class":60},[20,159162,132371,159163,159165],{},[15,159164,2691],{}," is not included.",[283,159167,159169],{"id":159168},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159171,4700],{},[37,159173,159175],{"className":39,"code":159174,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159176,159177,159201,159205],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193,159195,159197,159199],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159180,53],{"class":52},[46,159182,57],{"class":56},[46,159184,9406],{"class":60},[46,159186,1494],{"class":64},[46,159188,68],{"class":60},[46,159190,7962],{"class":64},[46,159192,68],{"class":60},[46,159194,7967],{"class":64},[46,159196,68],{"class":60},[46,159198,51007],{"class":64},[46,159200,215],{"class":60},[46,159202,159203],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159204,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,159206,159207],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159208,159209],{"class":3845},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159211,159212],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[37,159214,159215],{"className":39,"code":154872,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,159216,159217,159241,159245],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159218,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233,159235,159237,159239],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159220,53],{"class":52},[46,159222,57],{"class":56},[46,159224,9406],{"class":60},[46,159226,1494],{"class":64},[46,159228,68],{"class":60},[46,159230,7962],{"class":64},[46,159232,68],{"class":60},[46,159234,7967],{"class":64},[46,159236,68],{"class":60},[46,159238,51007],{"class":64},[46,159240,215],{"class":60},[46,159242,159243],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159244,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,159246,159247,159249,159251,159253,159255,159257,159259,159261],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159248,91],{"class":90},[46,159250,94],{"class":60},[46,159252,103],{"class":102},[46,159254,1152],{"class":60},[46,159256,3175],{"class":64},[46,159258,198],{"class":60},[46,159260,2249],{"class":64},[46,159262,1161],{"class":60},[283,159264,159266],{"id":159265},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[37,159268,159270],{"className":39,"code":159269,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159271,159272,159296,159300,159315,159319,159330],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159273,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159275,53],{"class":52},[46,159277,57],{"class":56},[46,159279,9406],{"class":60},[46,159281,1494],{"class":64},[46,159283,68],{"class":60},[46,159285,7962],{"class":64},[46,159287,68],{"class":60},[46,159289,7967],{"class":64},[46,159291,68],{"class":60},[46,159293,51007],{"class":64},[46,159295,215],{"class":60},[46,159297,159298],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159299,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,159301,159302,159305,159307,159309,159311,159313],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159303,159304],{"class":52},"slice_result ",[46,159306,57],{"class":56},[46,159308,4437],{"class":52},[46,159310,75689],{"class":60},[46,159312,2243],{"class":64},[46,159314,84],{"class":60},[46,159316,159317],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,159318,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,159320,159321,159323,159325,159328],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,159322,91],{"class":90},[46,159324,94],{"class":60},[46,159326,159327],{"class":102},"slice_result",[46,159329,215],{"class":60},[46,159331,159332,159334,159336,159338],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,159333,91],{"class":90},[46,159335,94],{"class":60},[46,159337,103],{"class":102},[46,159339,215],{"class":60},[20,159341,143],{},[37,159343,159345],{"className":39,"code":159344,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159346,159347,159359],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159348,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159350,94],{"class":60},[46,159352,1494],{"class":64},[46,159354,68],{"class":60},[46,159356,7962],{"class":64},[46,159358,215],{"class":60},[46,159360,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373,159375,159377],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159362,94],{"class":60},[46,159364,1494],{"class":64},[46,159366,68],{"class":60},[46,159368,7962],{"class":64},[46,159370,68],{"class":60},[46,159372,7967],{"class":64},[46,159374,68],{"class":60},[46,159376,51007],{"class":64},[46,159378,215],{"class":60},[20,159380,159381],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[32,159383,113685],{"id":113684},[20,159385,159386],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[172,159388,159389,159392,159395,159401,159404],{},[175,159390,159391],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[175,159393,159394],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[175,159396,159397,159398],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159399,159400],{},"tuple[::0]",[175,159402,159403],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[175,159405,159406],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159408,159409],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[37,159411,159413],{"className":39,"code":159412,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159414,159415,159425,159443,159465],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159416,159417,159419,159421,159423],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159418,91],{"class":90},[46,159420,94],{"class":60},[46,159422,147965],{"class":102},[46,159424,215],{"class":60},[46,159426,159427,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439,159441],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159428,91],{"class":90},[46,159430,94],{"class":60},[46,159432,147965],{"class":102},[46,159434,1152],{"class":60},[46,159436,3175],{"class":64},[46,159438,198],{"class":60},[46,159440,2691],{"class":64},[46,159442,1161],{"class":60},[46,159444,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453,159455,159457,159459,159461,159463],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159446,91],{"class":90},[46,159448,94],{"class":60},[46,159450,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159452,94],{"class":60},[46,159454,147965],{"class":102},[46,159456,1152],{"class":60},[46,159458,3175],{"class":64},[46,159460,198],{"class":60},[46,159462,2691],{"class":64},[46,159464,3186],{"class":60},[46,159466,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475,159477],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,159468,91],{"class":90},[46,159470,94],{"class":60},[46,159472,476],{"class":90},[46,159474,94],{"class":60},[46,159476,147965],{"class":102},[46,159478,106],{"class":60},[20,159480,11338],{},[172,159482,159483,159485,159488,159491],{},[175,159484,155179],{},[175,159486,159487],{},"what the slice actually returns",[175,159489,159490],{},"that the result is a tuple",[175,159492,159493],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[32,159495,1991],{"id":1990},[283,159497,159499],{"id":159498},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159501,159502],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[283,159504,159506],{"id":159505},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159508,159509],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[283,159511,1995,159513,40126],{"id":159512},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159514,158332],{},[20,159516,159517],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[283,159519,159521,159522,2035],{"id":159520},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159523,70890],{},[20,159525,159526,159527,507],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159528,70890],{},[32,159530,2065],{"id":2064},[172,159532,159533,159537,159541,159545,159549],{},[175,159534,159535],{},[501,159536,156039],{"href":150926},[175,159538,159539],{},[501,159540,149620],{"href":153046},[175,159542,159543],{},[501,159544,150869],{"href":157203},[175,159546,159547],{},[501,159548,147947],{"href":157565},[175,159550,159551],{},[501,159552,154792],{"href":159057},[2103,159554,159555],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":159557},[159558,159559,159560,159561,159569,159573,159574,159579,159580,159585,159586,159594],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":157365,"depth":87,"text":157366},{"id":157568,"depth":87,"text":157569},{"id":76169,"depth":87,"text":76170,"children":159562},[159563,159565,159566,159567,159568],{"id":157726,"depth":109,"text":159564},"Get the first n items",{"id":157805,"depth":109,"text":157806},{"id":157883,"depth":109,"text":157884},{"id":157965,"depth":109,"text":157966},{"id":158047,"depth":109,"text":158048},{"id":76462,"depth":87,"text":76463,"children":159570},[159571,159572],{"id":158142,"depth":109,"text":158143},{"id":158226,"depth":109,"text":158227},{"id":158315,"depth":87,"text":158316},{"id":158567,"depth":87,"text":158568,"children":159575},[159576,159577,159578],{"id":158576,"depth":109,"text":158577},{"id":158692,"depth":109,"text":158693},{"id":158800,"depth":109,"text":158801},{"id":158866,"depth":87,"text":158867},{"id":77295,"depth":87,"text":15343,"children":159581},[159582,159583,159584],{"id":159083,"depth":109,"text":159084},{"id":159168,"depth":109,"text":159169},{"id":159265,"depth":109,"text":159266},{"id":113684,"depth":87,"text":113685},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":159587},[159588,159589,159590,159592],{"id":159498,"depth":109,"text":159499},{"id":159505,"depth":109,"text":159506},{"id":159512,"depth":109,"text":159591},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159520,"depth":109,"text":159593},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157209,"description":159595},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159602,"title":159603,"body":159604,"description":161427,"extension":2150,"meta":161428,"navigation":112,"path":34977,"seo":161429,"stem":161430,"__hash__":161431},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159605,"toc":161393},[159606,159611,159616,159620,159638,159641,159656,159662,159664,159721,159723,159755,159767,159773,159778,159781,159816,159822,159824,159827,159841,159844,159846,159869,159871,159889,159892,159908,159910,159913,160026,160028,160117,160120,160125,160131,160134,160137,160236,160238,160297,160302,160305,160374,160378,160410,160426,160431,160438,160445,160457,160459,160508,160510,160533,160539,160587,160592,160599,160607,160613,160616,160640,160643,160645,160721,160723,160748,160754,160757,160762,160766,160780,160782,160845,160847,160879,160882,160898,160900,160906,160913,160915,160934,160936,160954,160961,160966,160973,160975,161012,161015,161022,161026,161029,161087,161090,161093,161148,161150,161162,161168,161170,161174,161207,161214,161216,161279,161282,161284,161289,161303,161310,161318,161327,161336,161342,161348,161350,161390],[10,159607,13,159609,18],{"id":159608},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159610,2489],{},[20,159612,32485,159613,159615],{},[15,159614,2489],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159617,62927,159618,104529],{},[15,159619,2489],{},[172,159621,159622,159625,159628,159631],{},[175,159623,159624],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[175,159626,159627],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[175,159629,159630],{},"debug confusing code",[175,159632,159633,159634],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[501,159635,159636],{"href":8391},[15,159637,3144],{},[20,159639,159640],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[37,159642,159644],{"className":39,"code":159643,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"type(object)\n",[15,159645,159646],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159647,159648,159650,159652,159654],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159649,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159651,94],{"class":60},[46,159653,42562],{"class":1270},[46,159655,215],{"class":60},[20,159657,159658,159659,159661],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159660,2489],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[32,159663,3792],{"id":3791},[37,159665,159667],{"className":39,"code":159666,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159668,159669,159681,159695,159699,159707],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159670,159671,159673,159675,159677,159679],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159672,8047],{"class":52},[46,159674,57],{"class":56},[46,159676,438],{"class":426},[46,159678,5178],{"class":430},[46,159680,3544],{"class":426},[46,159682,159683,159685,159687,159689,159691,159693],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159684,91],{"class":90},[46,159686,94],{"class":60},[46,159688,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159690,94],{"class":60},[46,159692,1009],{"class":102},[46,159694,106],{"class":60},[46,159696,159697],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159698,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,159700,159701,159703,159705],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,159702,2403],{"class":52},[46,159704,57],{"class":56},[46,159706,2774],{"class":64},[46,159708,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,159710,91],{"class":90},[46,159712,94],{"class":60},[46,159714,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159716,94],{"class":60},[46,159718,2426],{"class":102},[46,159720,106],{"class":60},[20,159722,143],{},[37,159724,159725],{"className":39,"code":125032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,159726,159727,159741],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159728,159729,159731,159733,159735,159737,159739],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159730,3476],{"class":56},[46,159732,3479],{"class":1140},[46,159734,1197],{"class":426},[46,159736,1769],{"class":430},[46,159738,1188],{"class":426},[46,159740,3488],{"class":56},[46,159742,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751,159753],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159744,3476],{"class":56},[46,159746,3479],{"class":1140},[46,159748,1197],{"class":426},[46,159750,1584],{"class":430},[46,159752,1188],{"class":426},[46,159754,3488],{"class":56},[20,159756,160,159757,159760,159761,2051,159764,507],{},[15,159758,159759],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159762,159763],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159765,159766],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[32,159768,13163,159770,159772],{"id":159769},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159771,2489],{}," function does",[20,159774,159775,159777],{},[15,159776,2489],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159779,159780],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[172,159782,159783,159788,159793,159798,159803,159808],{},[175,159784,159785,159787],{},[15,159786,1769],{}," for text",[175,159789,159790,159792],{},[15,159791,1584],{}," for whole numbers",[175,159794,159795,159797],{},[15,159796,2377],{}," for decimal numbers",[175,159799,159800,159802],{},[15,159801,8265],{}," for lists",[175,159804,159805,159807],{},[15,159806,8993],{}," for dictionaries",[175,159809,159810,69254,159812,2051,159814],{},[15,159811,4049],{},[15,159813,3787],{},[15,159815,3856],{},[20,159817,159818,159819,159821],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159820,2489],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[32,159823,2343],{"id":2342},[20,159825,159826],{},"The main beginner form is:",[37,159828,159829],{"className":39,"code":159643,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,159830,159831],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159832,159833,159835,159837,159839],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159834,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159836,94],{"class":60},[46,159838,42562],{"class":1270},[46,159840,215],{"class":60},[20,159842,159843],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159845,2393],{},[37,159847,159849],{"className":39,"code":159848,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159850,159851],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159852,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863,159865,159867],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159854,91],{"class":90},[46,159856,94],{"class":60},[46,159858,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159860,94],{"class":60},[46,159862,427],{"class":426},[46,159864,4027],{"class":430},[46,159866,427],{"class":426},[46,159868,106],{"class":60},[20,159870,143],{},[37,159872,159873],{"className":39,"code":45935,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,159874,159875],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159876,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885,159887],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159878,3476],{"class":56},[46,159880,3479],{"class":1140},[46,159882,1197],{"class":426},[46,159884,1769],{"class":430},[46,159886,1188],{"class":426},[46,159888,3488],{"class":56},[20,159890,159891],{},"You can pass either:",[172,159893,159894,159901],{},[175,159895,159896,159897,3065,159899],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159898,64695],{},[15,159900,46691],{},[175,159902,159903,159904,3065,159906],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159905,1009],{},[15,159907,9468],{},[32,159909,121844],{"id":121843},[20,159911,159912],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[37,159914,159916],{"className":39,"code":159915,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159917,159918,159936,159950,159964,159986,160012],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,159919,159920,159922,159924,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,159921,91],{"class":90},[46,159923,94],{"class":60},[46,159925,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159927,94],{"class":60},[46,159929,427],{"class":426},[46,159931,4027],{"class":430},[46,159933,427],{"class":426},[46,159935,106],{"class":60},[46,159937,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,159939,91],{"class":90},[46,159941,94],{"class":60},[46,159943,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159945,94],{"class":60},[46,159947,1494],{"class":64},[46,159949,106],{"class":60},[46,159951,159952,159954,159956,159958,159960,159962],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,159953,91],{"class":90},[46,159955,94],{"class":60},[46,159957,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159959,94],{"class":60},[46,159961,40309],{"class":64},[46,159963,106],{"class":60},[46,159965,159966,159968,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,159967,91],{"class":90},[46,159969,94],{"class":60},[46,159971,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159973,3172],{"class":60},[46,159975,3175],{"class":64},[46,159977,68],{"class":60},[46,159979,71],{"class":64},[46,159981,68],{"class":60},[46,159983,312],{"class":64},[46,159985,3186],{"class":60},[46,159987,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,159989,91],{"class":90},[46,159991,94],{"class":60},[46,159993,1889],{"class":1270},[46,159995,5701],{"class":60},[46,159997,427],{"class":426},[46,159999,1009],{"class":430},[46,160001,427],{"class":426},[46,160003,198],{"class":60},[46,160005,438],{"class":426},[46,160007,5178],{"class":430},[46,160009,427],{"class":426},[46,160011,5710],{"class":60},[46,160013,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,160015,91],{"class":90},[46,160017,94],{"class":60},[46,160019,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160021,94],{"class":60},[46,160023,3787],{"class":1325},[46,160025,106],{"class":60},[20,160027,143],{},[37,160029,160031],{"className":39,"code":160030,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,160032,160033,160047,160061,160075,160089,160103],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160036,3476],{"class":56},[46,160038,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160040,1197],{"class":426},[46,160042,1769],{"class":430},[46,160044,1188],{"class":426},[46,160046,3488],{"class":56},[46,160048,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160050,3476],{"class":56},[46,160052,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160054,1197],{"class":426},[46,160056,1584],{"class":430},[46,160058,1188],{"class":426},[46,160060,3488],{"class":56},[46,160062,160063,160065,160067,160069,160071,160073],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160064,3476],{"class":56},[46,160066,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160068,1197],{"class":426},[46,160070,2377],{"class":430},[46,160072,1188],{"class":426},[46,160074,3488],{"class":56},[46,160076,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,160078,3476],{"class":56},[46,160080,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160082,1197],{"class":426},[46,160084,8265],{"class":430},[46,160086,1188],{"class":426},[46,160088,3488],{"class":56},[46,160090,160091,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,160092,3476],{"class":56},[46,160094,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160096,1197],{"class":426},[46,160098,8993],{"class":430},[46,160100,1188],{"class":426},[46,160102,3488],{"class":56},[46,160104,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,160106,3476],{"class":56},[46,160108,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160110,1197],{"class":426},[46,160112,4049],{"class":430},[46,160114,1188],{"class":426},[46,160116,3488],{"class":56},[20,160118,160119],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160121,160122,160123,507],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[501,160124,44962],{"href":49141},[32,160126,578,160128,160130],{"id":160127},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160129,2489],{}," with variables",[20,160132,160133],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160135,160136],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[37,160138,160140],{"className":39,"code":160139,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160141,160142,160150,160168,160172,160184,160202,160206,160218],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160143,160144,160146,160148],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160145,2633],{"class":52},[46,160147,57],{"class":56},[46,160149,2774],{"class":64},[46,160151,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160153,91],{"class":90},[46,160155,94],{"class":60},[46,160157,2659],{"class":102},[46,160159,68],{"class":60},[46,160161,49553],{"class":1270},[46,160163,94],{"class":60},[46,160165,2659],{"class":102},[46,160167,106],{"class":60},[46,160169,160170],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160171,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,160173,160174,160176,160178,160180,160182],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,160175,2633],{"class":52},[46,160177,57],{"class":56},[46,160179,438],{"class":426},[46,160181,46072],{"class":430},[46,160183,3544],{"class":426},[46,160185,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198,160200],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,160187,91],{"class":90},[46,160189,94],{"class":60},[46,160191,2659],{"class":102},[46,160193,68],{"class":60},[46,160195,49553],{"class":1270},[46,160197,94],{"class":60},[46,160199,2659],{"class":102},[46,160201,106],{"class":60},[46,160203,160204],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,160205,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,160207,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,160209,2633],{"class":52},[46,160211,57],{"class":56},[46,160213,61],{"class":60},[46,160215,1494],{"class":64},[46,160217,84],{"class":60},[46,160219,160220,160222,160224,160226,160228,160230,160232,160234],{"class":48,"line":1164},[46,160221,91],{"class":90},[46,160223,94],{"class":60},[46,160225,2659],{"class":102},[46,160227,68],{"class":60},[46,160229,49553],{"class":1270},[46,160231,94],{"class":60},[46,160233,2659],{"class":102},[46,160235,106],{"class":60},[20,160237,143],{},[37,160239,160241],{"className":39,"code":160240,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160242,160243,160260,160277],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160244,160245,160247,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160246,1494],{"class":64},[46,160248,160249],{"class":56}," \u003C",[46,160251,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160253,1197],{"class":426},[46,160255,1584],{"class":430},[46,160257,1188],{"class":426},[46,160259,3488],{"class":56},[46,160261,160262,160265,160267,160269,160271,160273,160275],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160263,160264],{"class":52},"ten ",[46,160266,3476],{"class":56},[46,160268,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160270,1197],{"class":426},[46,160272,1769],{"class":430},[46,160274,1188],{"class":426},[46,160276,3488],{"class":56},[46,160278,160279,160281,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160280,1152],{"class":60},[46,160282,1494],{"class":64},[46,160284,13441],{"class":60},[46,160286,160249],{"class":56},[46,160288,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160290,1197],{"class":426},[46,160292,8265],{"class":430},[46,160294,1188],{"class":426},[46,160296,3488],{"class":56},[20,160298,160299,160301],{},[15,160300,2489],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160303,160304],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[37,160306,160308],{"className":39,"code":160307,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160309,160310,160328,160342,160346,160360],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160311,160312,160314,160316,160318,160320,160322,160324,160326],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160313,3577],{"class":52},[46,160315,57],{"class":56},[46,160317,8414],{"class":90},[46,160319,94],{"class":60},[46,160321,427],{"class":426},[46,160323,42036],{"class":430},[46,160325,427],{"class":426},[46,160327,215],{"class":60},[46,160329,160330,160332,160334,160336,160338,160340],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160331,91],{"class":90},[46,160333,94],{"class":60},[46,160335,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160337,94],{"class":60},[46,160339,3603],{"class":102},[46,160341,106],{"class":60},[46,160343,160344],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160345,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,160347,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356,160358],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,160349,122956],{"class":52},[46,160351,57],{"class":56},[46,160353,45441],{"class":1270},[46,160355,94],{"class":60},[46,160357,3603],{"class":102},[46,160359,215],{"class":60},[46,160361,160362,160364,160366,160368,160370,160372],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,160363,91],{"class":90},[46,160365,94],{"class":60},[46,160367,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160369,94],{"class":60},[46,160371,122979],{"class":102},[46,160373,106],{"class":60},[20,160375,41285,160376,41289],{},[15,160377,9364],{},[37,160379,160380],{"className":39,"code":125032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,160381,160382,160396],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160383,160384,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160385,3476],{"class":56},[46,160387,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160389,1197],{"class":426},[46,160391,1769],{"class":430},[46,160393,1188],{"class":426},[46,160395,3488],{"class":56},[46,160397,160398,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160399,3476],{"class":56},[46,160401,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160403,1197],{"class":426},[46,160405,1584],{"class":430},[46,160407,1188],{"class":426},[46,160409,3488],{"class":56},[20,160411,45868,160412,160416,160417,3065,160421,160425],{},[501,160413,160414],{"href":8391},[15,160415,3144],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[501,160418,160419],{"href":3061},[15,160420,3064],{},[501,160422,160423],{"href":3068},[15,160424,3071],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160427,160428,160429,507],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[501,160430,9153],{"href":9152},[32,160432,160434,10755,160436],{"id":160433},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160435,2489],{},[15,160437,44970],{},[20,160439,160440,2051,160442,160444],{},[15,160441,2489],{},[15,160443,44970],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[172,160446,160447,160452],{},[175,160448,160449,160451],{},[15,160450,2489],{}," tells you the exact type",[175,160453,160454,160456],{},[15,160455,44970],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160458,2393],{},[37,160460,160462],{"className":39,"code":160461,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160463,160464,160472,160476,160490],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160465,160466,160468,160470],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160467,2633],{"class":52},[46,160469,57],{"class":56},[46,160471,35011],{"class":64},[46,160473,160474],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160475,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,160477,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160479,91],{"class":90},[46,160481,94],{"class":60},[46,160483,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160485,94],{"class":60},[46,160487,2659],{"class":102},[46,160489,106],{"class":60},[46,160491,160492,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504,160506],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,160493,91],{"class":90},[46,160495,94],{"class":60},[46,160497,49038],{"class":90},[46,160499,94],{"class":60},[46,160501,2659],{"class":102},[46,160503,68],{"class":60},[46,160505,45441],{"class":1270},[46,160507,106],{"class":60},[20,160509,143],{},[37,160511,160513],{"className":39,"code":160512,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160514,160515,160529],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160516,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160518,3476],{"class":56},[46,160520,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160522,1197],{"class":426},[46,160524,1584],{"class":430},[46,160526,1188],{"class":426},[46,160528,3488],{"class":56},[46,160530,160531],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160532,4157],{"class":1325},[20,160534,160535,160536,160538],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160537,44970],{}," is more practical.",[37,160540,160542],{"className":39,"code":160541,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160543,160544,160552,160556,160572],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160545,160546,160548,160550],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160547,2633],{"class":52},[46,160549,57],{"class":56},[46,160551,35011],{"class":64},[46,160553,160554],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160555,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,160557,160558,160560,160562,160564,160566,160568,160570],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160559,7170],{"class":1595},[46,160561,49776],{"class":90},[46,160563,94],{"class":60},[46,160565,2659],{"class":102},[46,160567,68],{"class":60},[46,160569,45441],{"class":1270},[46,160571,8514],{"class":60},[46,160573,160574,160576,160578,160580,160583,160585],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,160575,8240],{"class":90},[46,160577,94],{"class":60},[46,160579,427],{"class":426},[46,160581,160582],{"class":430},"This is an integer",[46,160584,427],{"class":426},[46,160586,215],{"class":60},[20,160588,160,160589,160591],{},[15,160590,2489],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160593,160,160594,160596,160597,7345],{},[15,160595,44970],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160598,7170],{},[20,160600,160601,160602,507],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[501,160603,13,160605,506],{"href":160604},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160606,44970],{},[32,160608,160610,160611],{"id":160609},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160612,2489],{},[20,160614,160615],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[37,160617,160619],{"className":39,"code":160618,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160620,160621],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160622,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631,160634,160636,160638],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160624,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160626,94],{"class":60},[46,160628,1009],{"class":102},[46,160630,68],{"class":60},[46,160632,160633],{"class":102}," bases",[46,160635,68],{"class":60},[46,160637,9342],{"class":1270},[46,160639,215],{"class":60},[20,160641,160642],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160644,2393],{},[37,160646,160648],{"className":39,"code":160647,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160649,160650,160693,160697,160707],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160651,160652,160655,160657,160659,160661,160663,160666,160668,160670,160673,160675,160677,160680,160682,160684,160686,160689,160691],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160653,160654],{"class":52},"Person ",[46,160656,57],{"class":56},[46,160658,49553],{"class":1270},[46,160660,94],{"class":60},[46,160662,427],{"class":426},[46,160664,160665],{"class":430},"Person",[46,160667,427],{"class":426},[46,160669,68],{"class":60},[46,160671,160672],{"class":60}," (),",[46,160674,10660],{"class":60},[46,160676,427],{"class":426},[46,160678,160679],{"class":430},"species",[46,160681,427],{"class":426},[46,160683,198],{"class":60},[46,160685,438],{"class":426},[46,160687,160688],{"class":430},"human",[46,160690,427],{"class":426},[46,160692,30664],{"class":60},[46,160694,160695],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160696,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,160698,160699,160701,160703,160705],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160700,91],{"class":90},[46,160702,94],{"class":60},[46,160704,160665],{"class":102},[46,160706,215],{"class":60},[46,160708,160709,160711,160713,160715,160717,160719],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,160710,91],{"class":90},[46,160712,94],{"class":60},[46,160714,160665],{"class":102},[46,160716,507],{"class":60},[46,160718,160679],{"class":1774},[46,160720,215],{"class":60},[20,160722,143],{},[37,160724,160726],{"className":39,"code":160725,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160727,160728,160743],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160729,160730,160732,160734,160736,160739,160741],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160731,3476],{"class":56},[46,160733,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160735,1197],{"class":426},[46,160737,160738],{"class":430},"__main__.Person",[46,160740,1188],{"class":426},[46,160742,3488],{"class":56},[46,160744,160745],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160746,160747],{"class":52},"human\n",[20,160749,160750,160751,160753],{},"Most beginners do ",[3924,160752,4805],{}," need this form.",[20,160755,160756],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[32,160758,1794,160760],{"id":160759},"when-to-use-type",[15,160761,2489],{},[20,160763,160764,12612],{},[15,160765,2489],{},[172,160767,160768,160771,160774,160777],{},[175,160769,160770],{},"debug unexpected values",[175,160772,160773],{},"check what a conversion produced",[175,160775,160776],{},"learn Python data types",[175,160778,160779],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160781,5644],{},[37,160783,160785],{"className":39,"code":160784,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160786,160787,160799,160813,160817,160831],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160788,160789,160791,160793,160795,160797],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160790,34856],{"class":52},[46,160792,57],{"class":56},[46,160794,438],{"class":426},[46,160796,50409],{"class":430},[46,160798,3544],{"class":426},[46,160800,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160802,2403],{"class":52},[46,160804,57],{"class":56},[46,160806,45441],{"class":1270},[46,160808,94],{"class":60},[46,160810,34877],{"class":102},[46,160812,215],{"class":60},[46,160814,160815],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,160816,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,160818,160819,160821,160823,160825,160827,160829],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,160820,91],{"class":90},[46,160822,94],{"class":60},[46,160824,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160826,94],{"class":60},[46,160828,34877],{"class":102},[46,160830,106],{"class":60},[46,160832,160833,160835,160837,160839,160841,160843],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,160834,91],{"class":90},[46,160836,94],{"class":60},[46,160838,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160840,94],{"class":60},[46,160842,2426],{"class":102},[46,160844,106],{"class":60},[20,160846,143],{},[37,160848,160849],{"className":39,"code":125032,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,160850,160851,160865],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160852,160853,160855,160857,160859,160861,160863],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160854,3476],{"class":56},[46,160856,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160858,1197],{"class":426},[46,160860,1769],{"class":430},[46,160862,1188],{"class":426},[46,160864,3488],{"class":56},[46,160866,160867,160869,160871,160873,160875,160877],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,160868,3476],{"class":56},[46,160870,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160872,1197],{"class":426},[46,160874,1584],{"class":430},[46,160876,1188],{"class":426},[46,160878,3488],{"class":56},[20,160880,160881],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160883,160884,160885,2374,160889,17238,160893,160897],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[501,160886,160887],{"href":42340},[15,160888,47846],{},[501,160890,160891],{"href":3061},[15,160892,3064],{},[501,160894,160895],{"href":3068},[15,160896,3071],{}," are often the next step.",[32,160899,25525],{"id":25524},[20,160901,160902,160903,160905],{},"A few things about ",[15,160904,2489],{}," often confuse beginners.",[283,160907,160909,160912],{"id":160908},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160910,160911],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160914,64804],{},[37,160916,160918],{"className":39,"code":160917,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160919,160920],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160921,160922,160924,160926,160928,160930,160932],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160923,91],{"class":90},[46,160925,94],{"class":60},[46,160927,1889],{"class":1270},[46,160929,94],{"class":60},[46,160931,65],{"class":64},[46,160933,106],{"class":60},[20,160935,122875],{},[37,160937,160938],{"className":39,"code":156387,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,160939,160940],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160941,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160943,3476],{"class":56},[46,160945,3479],{"class":1140},[46,160947,1197],{"class":426},[46,160949,1584],{"class":430},[46,160951,1188],{"class":426},[46,160953,3488],{"class":56},[20,160955,41070,160956,160958,160959,507],{},[3924,160957,4805],{}," print just ",[15,160960,1584],{},[20,160962,6849,160963,160965],{},[15,160964,2489],{}," returns a class object.",[283,160967,160969,2583,160971],{"id":160968},"input-returns-str",[15,160970,3144],{},[15,160972,1769],{},[20,160974,79693],{},[37,160976,160978],{"className":39,"code":160977,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160979,160980,160998],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,160983,2633],{"class":52},[46,160985,57],{"class":56},[46,160987,8414],{"class":90},[46,160989,94],{"class":60},[46,160991,427],{"class":426},[46,160993,46475],{"class":430},[46,160995,427],{"class":426},[46,160997,215],{"class":60},[46,160999,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161001,91],{"class":90},[46,161003,94],{"class":60},[46,161005,1889],{"class":1270},[46,161007,94],{"class":60},[46,161009,2659],{"class":102},[46,161011,106],{"class":60},[20,161013,161014],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,161016,161017,161018,3065,161020,507],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,161019,3064],{},[15,161021,3071],{},[283,161023,161025],{"id":161024},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,161027,161028],{},"Avoid code like this:",[37,161030,161032],{"className":39,"code":161031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,161033,161034,161042,161046,161072],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161035,161036,161038,161040],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161037,2633],{"class":52},[46,161039,57],{"class":56},[46,161041,35011],{"class":64},[46,161043,161044],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161045,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,161047,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064,161066,161068,161070],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,161049,7170],{"class":1595},[46,161051,49067],{"class":1270},[46,161053,94],{"class":60},[46,161055,1889],{"class":1270},[46,161057,94],{"class":60},[46,161059,2659],{"class":102},[46,161061,5533],{"class":60},[46,161063,6581],{"class":56},[46,161065,438],{"class":426},[46,161067,159766],{"class":430},[46,161069,427],{"class":426},[46,161071,6566],{"class":60},[46,161073,161074,161076,161078,161080,161083,161085],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,161075,8240],{"class":90},[46,161077,94],{"class":60},[46,161079,427],{"class":426},[46,161081,161082],{"class":430},"It is an int",[46,161084,427],{"class":426},[46,161086,215],{"class":60},[20,161088,161089],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161091,161092],{},"Better options:",[37,161094,161096],{"className":39,"code":161095,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161097,161098,161106,161110,161130],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161099,161100,161102,161104],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161101,2633],{"class":52},[46,161103,57],{"class":56},[46,161105,35011],{"class":64},[46,161107,161108],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161109,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,161111,161112,161114,161116,161118,161120,161122,161124,161126,161128],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,161113,91],{"class":90},[46,161115,94],{"class":60},[46,161117,1889],{"class":1270},[46,161119,94],{"class":60},[46,161121,2659],{"class":102},[46,161123,1592],{"class":60},[46,161125,6581],{"class":56},[46,161127,45441],{"class":1270},[46,161129,215],{"class":60},[46,161131,161132,161134,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,161133,91],{"class":90},[46,161135,94],{"class":60},[46,161137,49038],{"class":90},[46,161139,94],{"class":60},[46,161141,2659],{"class":102},[46,161143,68],{"class":60},[46,161145,45441],{"class":1270},[46,161147,106],{"class":60},[20,161149,143],{},[37,161151,161152],{"className":39,"code":4679,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,161153,161154,161158],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161155,161156],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161157,4157],{"class":1325},[46,161159,161160],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161161,4157],{"class":1325},[20,161163,161164,161165,161167],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161166,44970],{}," is the more useful check.",[32,161169,1834],{"id":1833},[20,161171,14900,161172,198],{},[15,161173,2489],{},[172,161175,161176,161186,161195,161204],{},[175,161177,578,161178,161180,161181,161185],{},[15,161179,2489],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[501,161182,161183],{"href":8391},[15,161184,3144],{}," always returns a string",[175,161187,1853,161188,161190,161191,11260,161193],{},[15,161189,2489],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161192,1584],{},[15,161194,159766],{},[175,161196,578,161197,44794,161200,161203],{},[15,161198,161199],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161201,161202],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[175,161205,161206],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161208,161209,161210,507],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[501,161211,161213],{"href":161212},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161215,144541],{},[37,161217,161219],{"className":39,"code":161218,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161220,161221,161235,161245,161259,161269],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161222,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161224,91],{"class":90},[46,161226,94],{"class":60},[46,161228,1889],{"class":1270},[46,161230,94],{"class":60},[46,161232,2659],{"class":102},[46,161234,106],{"class":60},[46,161236,161237,161239,161241,161243],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161238,91],{"class":90},[46,161240,94],{"class":60},[46,161242,2659],{"class":102},[46,161244,215],{"class":60},[46,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,161248,91],{"class":90},[46,161250,94],{"class":60},[46,161252,41944],{"class":90},[46,161254,94],{"class":60},[46,161256,2659],{"class":102},[46,161258,106],{"class":60},[46,161260,161261,161263,161265,161267],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,161262,32320],{"class":90},[46,161264,94],{"class":60},[46,161266,1889],{"class":1270},[46,161268,215],{"class":60},[46,161270,161271,161273,161275,161277],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,161272,34541],{"class":90},[46,161274,94],{"class":60},[46,161276,2659],{"class":102},[46,161278,215],{"class":60},[20,161280,161281],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[32,161283,1991],{"id":1990},[283,161285,1995,161287,1998],{"id":161286},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161288,2489],{},[20,161290,161291,161292,2374,161294,2374,161296,2378,161298,161300,161301,507],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161293,1769],{},[15,161295,1584],{},[15,161297,8265],{},[15,161299,8993],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161302,159763],{},[283,161304,15069,161306,57367,161308,2035],{"id":161305},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161307,2489],{},[15,161309,44970],{},[20,161311,46530,161312,161314,161315,161317],{},[15,161313,2489],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161316,44970],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[283,161319,5330,161321,161324,161325,2035],{"id":161320},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161322,161323],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161326,1769],{},[20,161328,29228,161329,161331,161332,3065,161334,160425],{},[15,161330,3144],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161333,3064],{},[15,161335,3071],{},[283,161337,2005,161339,161341],{"id":161338},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161340,2489],{}," create classes?",[20,161343,161344,161345,507],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161346,161347],{},"type(object)",[32,161349,2065],{"id":2064},[172,161351,161352,161356,161362,161368,161372,161378,161384],{},[175,161353,161354],{},[501,161355,44962],{"href":49141},[175,161357,161358],{},[501,161359,13,161360,506],{"href":160604},[15,161361,44970],{},[175,161363,161364],{},[501,161365,13,161366,506],{"href":8391},[15,161367,3144],{},[175,161369,161370],{},[501,161371,9230],{"href":9152},[175,161373,161374],{},[501,161375,13,161376,506],{"href":3061},[15,161377,3064],{},[175,161379,161380],{},[501,161381,13,161382,506],{"href":3068},[15,161383,3071],{},[175,161385,161386],{},[501,161387,13,161388,506],{"href":42340},[15,161389,47846],{},[2103,161391,161392],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":161394},[161395,161396,161398,161399,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161415,161416,161426],{"id":3791,"depth":87,"text":3792},{"id":159769,"depth":87,"text":161397},"What the type() function does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":121843,"depth":87,"text":121844},{"id":160127,"depth":87,"text":161401},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160433,"depth":87,"text":161403},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160609,"depth":87,"text":161405},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160759,"depth":87,"text":161407},"When to use type()",{"id":25524,"depth":87,"text":25525,"children":161409},[161410,161412,161414],{"id":160908,"depth":109,"text":161411},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160968,"depth":109,"text":161413},"input() returns str",{"id":161024,"depth":109,"text":161025},{"id":1833,"depth":87,"text":1834},{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":161417},[161418,161420,161422,161424],{"id":161286,"depth":109,"text":161419},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161305,"depth":109,"text":161421},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161320,"depth":109,"text":161423},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161338,"depth":109,"text":161425},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159603,"description":161427},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161433,"title":161434,"body":161435,"description":163914,"extension":2150,"meta":163915,"navigation":112,"path":163916,"seo":163917,"stem":163918,"__hash__":163919},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161436,"toc":163871},[161437,161442,161447,161456,161458,161558,161560,161585,161590,161595,161611,161614,161616,161618,161643,161646,161649,161732,161734,161783,161786,161908,161910,161983,161987,161990,162104,162106,162132,162134,162155,162160,162164,162169,162172,162276,162278,162295,162304,162307,162394,162396,162407,162412,162418,162423,162429,162432,162525,162527,162576,162582,162585,162686,162688,162741,162746,162750,162753,162852,162854,162893,162896,162901,162903,162908,162912,163025,163029,163126,163130,163218,163220,163237,163241,163364,163370,163376,163382,163387,163390,163417,163421,163423,163517,163520,163524,163527,163614,163617,163652,163654,163691,163694,163702,163707,163712,163786,163793,163795,163800,163803,163809,163812,163818,163823,163829,163834,163838,163841,163843,163868],[10,161438,13,161440,18],{"id":161439},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161441,64480],{},[20,161443,161444,161446],{},[15,161445,64480],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161448,161449,161450,161452,161453,161455],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161451,64480],{}," inside a ",[15,161454,6129],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[32,161457,35],{"id":34},[37,161459,161461],{"className":39,"code":161460,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161462,161463,161495,161515,161519,161544],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161464,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161466,5169],{"class":52},[46,161468,57],{"class":56},[46,161470,61],{"class":60},[46,161472,427],{"class":426},[46,161474,1018],{"class":430},[46,161476,427],{"class":426},[46,161478,68],{"class":60},[46,161480,438],{"class":426},[46,161482,1054],{"class":430},[46,161484,427],{"class":426},[46,161486,68],{"class":60},[46,161488,438],{"class":426},[46,161490,1087],{"class":430},[46,161492,427],{"class":426},[46,161494,84],{"class":60},[46,161496,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161498,596],{"class":52},[46,161500,57],{"class":56},[46,161502,61],{"class":60},[46,161504,13670],{"class":64},[46,161506,68],{"class":60},[46,161508,1034],{"class":64},[46,161510,68],{"class":60},[46,161512,29087],{"class":64},[46,161514,84],{"class":60},[46,161516,161517],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,161518,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,161520,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,161522,6129],{"class":1595},[46,161524,36160],{"class":52},[46,161526,68],{"class":60},[46,161528,5279],{"class":52},[46,161530,1602],{"class":1595},[46,161532,161533],{"class":90}," zip",[46,161535,94],{"class":60},[46,161537,5213],{"class":102},[46,161539,68],{"class":60},[46,161541,5284],{"class":102},[46,161543,8514],{"class":60},[46,161545,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,161547,8240],{"class":90},[46,161549,94],{"class":60},[46,161551,1009],{"class":102},[46,161553,68],{"class":60},[46,161555,130821],{"class":102},[46,161557,215],{"class":60},[20,161559,143],{},[37,161561,161563],{"className":39,"code":161562,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161564,161565,161571,161578],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161566,161567,161569],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161568,133840],{"class":52},[46,161570,33304],{"class":64},[46,161572,161573,161576],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161574,161575],{"class":52},"Ben ",[46,161577,33309],{"class":64},[46,161579,161580,161583],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,161581,161582],{"class":52},"Cara ",[46,161584,33314],{"class":64},[20,161586,160,161587,161589],{},[15,161588,64480],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[32,161591,167,161593,170],{"id":161592},"what-zip-does",[15,161594,64480],{},[172,161596,161597,161602,161605,161608],{},[175,161598,161599,161601],{},[15,161600,64480],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[175,161603,161604],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[175,161606,161607],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[175,161609,161610],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161612,161613],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[32,161615,2343],{"id":2342},[20,161617,7391],{},[37,161619,161621],{"className":39,"code":161620,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161622,161623],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161624,161625,161627,161629,161632,161634,161637,161639,161641],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161626,64550],{"class":90},[46,161628,94],{"class":60},[46,161630,161631],{"class":102},"iterable1",[46,161633,68],{"class":60},[46,161635,161636],{"class":102}," iterable2",[46,161638,68],{"class":60},[46,161640,239],{"class":90},[46,161642,215],{"class":60},[20,161644,161645],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161647,161648],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[37,161650,161652],{"className":39,"code":161651,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161653,161654,161674,161706,161710],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161655,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161657,53],{"class":52},[46,161659,57],{"class":56},[46,161661,61],{"class":60},[46,161663,3175],{"class":64},[46,161665,68],{"class":60},[46,161667,71],{"class":64},[46,161669,68],{"class":60},[46,161671,312],{"class":64},[46,161673,84],{"class":60},[46,161675,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161677,36259],{"class":52},[46,161679,57],{"class":56},[46,161681,61],{"class":60},[46,161683,427],{"class":426},[46,161685,501],{"class":430},[46,161687,427],{"class":426},[46,161689,68],{"class":60},[46,161691,438],{"class":426},[46,161693,4935],{"class":430},[46,161695,427],{"class":426},[46,161697,68],{"class":60},[46,161699,438],{"class":426},[46,161701,9908],{"class":430},[46,161703,427],{"class":426},[46,161705,84],{"class":60},[46,161707,161708],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,161709,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,161711,161712,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,161713,91],{"class":90},[46,161715,94],{"class":60},[46,161717,8265],{"class":1270},[46,161719,94],{"class":60},[46,161721,64550],{"class":90},[46,161723,94],{"class":60},[46,161725,103],{"class":102},[46,161727,68],{"class":60},[46,161729,70255],{"class":102},[46,161731,3099],{"class":60},[20,161733,143],{},[37,161735,161737],{"className":39,"code":161736,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161738,161739],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161740,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161742,21907],{"class":60},[46,161744,3175],{"class":64},[46,161746,68],{"class":60},[46,161748,1197],{"class":426},[46,161750,501],{"class":430},[46,161752,1188],{"class":426},[46,161754,9403],{"class":60},[46,161756,9406],{"class":60},[46,161758,2243],{"class":64},[46,161760,68],{"class":60},[46,161762,1197],{"class":426},[46,161764,4935],{"class":430},[46,161766,1188],{"class":426},[46,161768,9403],{"class":60},[46,161770,9406],{"class":60},[46,161772,2249],{"class":64},[46,161774,68],{"class":60},[46,161776,1197],{"class":426},[46,161778,9908],{"class":430},[46,161780,1188],{"class":426},[46,161782,9419],{"class":60},[20,161784,161785],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[37,161787,161789],{"className":39,"code":161788,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161790,161791,161823,161843,161877,161881],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161792,161793,161795,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161794,5169],{"class":52},[46,161796,57],{"class":56},[46,161798,61],{"class":60},[46,161800,427],{"class":426},[46,161802,1018],{"class":430},[46,161804,427],{"class":426},[46,161806,68],{"class":60},[46,161808,438],{"class":426},[46,161810,1054],{"class":430},[46,161812,427],{"class":426},[46,161814,68],{"class":60},[46,161816,438],{"class":426},[46,161818,1087],{"class":430},[46,161820,427],{"class":426},[46,161822,84],{"class":60},[46,161824,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,161826,596],{"class":52},[46,161828,57],{"class":56},[46,161830,61],{"class":60},[46,161832,13670],{"class":64},[46,161834,68],{"class":60},[46,161836,1034],{"class":64},[46,161838,68],{"class":60},[46,161840,29087],{"class":64},[46,161842,84],{"class":60},[46,161844,161845,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161873,161875],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,161846,161847],{"class":52},"grades ",[46,161849,57],{"class":56},[46,161851,61],{"class":60},[46,161853,427],{"class":426},[46,161855,22412],{"class":430},[46,161857,427],{"class":426},[46,161859,68],{"class":60},[46,161861,438],{"class":426},[46,161863,30768],{"class":430},[46,161865,427],{"class":426},[46,161867,68],{"class":60},[46,161869,438],{"class":426},[46,161871,161872],{"class":430},"B+",[46,161874,427],{"class":426},[46,161876,84],{"class":60},[46,161878,161879],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,161880,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,161882,161883,161885,161887,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901,161903,161906],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,161884,91],{"class":90},[46,161886,94],{"class":60},[46,161888,8265],{"class":1270},[46,161890,94],{"class":60},[46,161892,64550],{"class":90},[46,161894,94],{"class":60},[46,161896,5213],{"class":102},[46,161898,68],{"class":60},[46,161900,5284],{"class":102},[46,161902,68],{"class":60},[46,161904,161905],{"class":102}," grades",[46,161907,3099],{"class":60},[20,161909,143],{},[37,161911,161913],{"className":39,"code":161912,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161914,161915],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161916,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927,161929,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161918,21907],{"class":60},[46,161920,1188],{"class":426},[46,161922,1018],{"class":430},[46,161924,1188],{"class":426},[46,161926,68],{"class":60},[46,161928,1102],{"class":64},[46,161930,68],{"class":60},[46,161932,1197],{"class":426},[46,161934,22412],{"class":430},[46,161936,1188],{"class":426},[46,161938,9403],{"class":60},[46,161940,9406],{"class":60},[46,161942,1188],{"class":426},[46,161944,1054],{"class":430},[46,161946,1188],{"class":426},[46,161948,68],{"class":60},[46,161950,1034],{"class":64},[46,161952,68],{"class":60},[46,161954,1197],{"class":426},[46,161956,30768],{"class":430},[46,161958,1188],{"class":426},[46,161960,9403],{"class":60},[46,161962,9406],{"class":60},[46,161964,1188],{"class":426},[46,161966,1087],{"class":430},[46,161968,1188],{"class":426},[46,161970,68],{"class":60},[46,161972,29087],{"class":64},[46,161974,68],{"class":60},[46,161976,1197],{"class":426},[46,161978,161872],{"class":430},[46,161980,1188],{"class":426},[46,161982,9419],{"class":60},[32,161984,161986],{"id":161985},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161988,161989],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[37,161991,161993],{"className":39,"code":161992,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161994,161995,162027,162047,162051,162075],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,161996,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,161998,5169],{"class":52},[46,162000,57],{"class":56},[46,162002,61],{"class":60},[46,162004,427],{"class":426},[46,162006,1018],{"class":430},[46,162008,427],{"class":426},[46,162010,68],{"class":60},[46,162012,438],{"class":426},[46,162014,1054],{"class":430},[46,162016,427],{"class":426},[46,162018,68],{"class":60},[46,162020,438],{"class":426},[46,162022,1087],{"class":430},[46,162024,427],{"class":426},[46,162026,84],{"class":60},[46,162028,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162030,596],{"class":52},[46,162032,57],{"class":56},[46,162034,61],{"class":60},[46,162036,13670],{"class":64},[46,162038,68],{"class":60},[46,162040,1034],{"class":64},[46,162042,68],{"class":60},[46,162044,29087],{"class":64},[46,162046,84],{"class":60},[46,162048,162049],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162050,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162052,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065,162067,162069,162071,162073],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,162054,6129],{"class":1595},[46,162056,36160],{"class":52},[46,162058,68],{"class":60},[46,162060,5279],{"class":52},[46,162062,1602],{"class":1595},[46,162064,161533],{"class":90},[46,162066,94],{"class":60},[46,162068,5213],{"class":102},[46,162070,68],{"class":60},[46,162072,5284],{"class":102},[46,162074,8514],{"class":60},[46,162076,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,162078,8240],{"class":90},[46,162080,94],{"class":60},[46,162082,22461],{"class":1140},[46,162084,427],{"class":430},[46,162086,1185],{"class":64},[46,162088,1009],{"class":102},[46,162090,22470],{"class":64},[46,162092,162093],{"class":430}," scored ",[46,162095,1185],{"class":64},[46,162097,1027],{"class":102},[46,162099,22470],{"class":64},[46,162101,427],{"class":430},[46,162103,215],{"class":60},[20,162105,143],{},[37,162107,162109],{"className":39,"code":162108,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162110,162111,162118,162125],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162112,162113,162116],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162114,162115],{"class":52},"Ana scored ",[46,162117,33304],{"class":64},[46,162119,162120,162123],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162121,162122],{"class":52},"Ben scored ",[46,162124,33309],{"class":64},[46,162126,162127,162130],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162128,162129],{"class":52},"Cara scored ",[46,162131,33314],{"class":64},[20,162133,45095],{},[172,162135,162136,162145,162148],{},[175,162137,162138,162141,162142],{},[15,162139,162140],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162143,162144],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[175,162146,162147],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[175,162149,162150,2051,162152,162154],{},[15,162151,1009],{},[15,162153,1027],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162156,162157,162158,507],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[501,162159,69772],{"href":69771},[32,162161,162163],{"id":162162},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162165,162166,162168],{},[15,162167,64480],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162170,162171],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[37,162173,162175],{"className":39,"code":162174,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162176,162177,162218,162234,162238,162262],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162178,162179,162181,162183,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162214,162216],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162180,5169],{"class":52},[46,162182,57],{"class":56},[46,162184,61],{"class":60},[46,162186,427],{"class":426},[46,162188,1018],{"class":430},[46,162190,427],{"class":426},[46,162192,68],{"class":60},[46,162194,438],{"class":426},[46,162196,1054],{"class":430},[46,162198,427],{"class":426},[46,162200,68],{"class":60},[46,162202,438],{"class":426},[46,162204,1087],{"class":430},[46,162206,427],{"class":426},[46,162208,68],{"class":60},[46,162210,438],{"class":426},[46,162212,162213],{"class":430},"Dan",[46,162215,427],{"class":426},[46,162217,84],{"class":60},[46,162219,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230,162232],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162221,596],{"class":52},[46,162223,57],{"class":56},[46,162225,61],{"class":60},[46,162227,13670],{"class":64},[46,162229,68],{"class":60},[46,162231,1034],{"class":64},[46,162233,84],{"class":60},[46,162235,162236],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162237,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162239,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,162241,6129],{"class":1595},[46,162243,36160],{"class":52},[46,162245,68],{"class":60},[46,162247,5279],{"class":52},[46,162249,1602],{"class":1595},[46,162251,161533],{"class":90},[46,162253,94],{"class":60},[46,162255,5213],{"class":102},[46,162257,68],{"class":60},[46,162259,5284],{"class":102},[46,162261,8514],{"class":60},[46,162263,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,162265,8240],{"class":90},[46,162267,94],{"class":60},[46,162269,1009],{"class":102},[46,162271,68],{"class":60},[46,162273,130821],{"class":102},[46,162275,215],{"class":60},[20,162277,143],{},[37,162279,162281],{"className":39,"code":162280,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162282,162283,162289],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162284,162285,162287],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162286,133840],{"class":52},[46,162288,33304],{"class":64},[46,162290,162291,162293],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162292,161575],{"class":52},[46,162294,33309],{"class":64},[20,162296,2473,162297,2051,162300,162303],{},[15,162298,162299],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162301,162302],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162305,162306],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[37,162308,162310],{"className":39,"code":162309,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162311,162312,162352,162368,162372],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162313,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162315,5169],{"class":52},[46,162317,57],{"class":56},[46,162319,61],{"class":60},[46,162321,427],{"class":426},[46,162323,1018],{"class":430},[46,162325,427],{"class":426},[46,162327,68],{"class":60},[46,162329,438],{"class":426},[46,162331,1054],{"class":430},[46,162333,427],{"class":426},[46,162335,68],{"class":60},[46,162337,438],{"class":426},[46,162339,1087],{"class":430},[46,162341,427],{"class":426},[46,162343,68],{"class":60},[46,162345,438],{"class":426},[46,162347,162213],{"class":430},[46,162349,427],{"class":426},[46,162351,84],{"class":60},[46,162353,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162355,596],{"class":52},[46,162357,57],{"class":56},[46,162359,61],{"class":60},[46,162361,13670],{"class":64},[46,162363,68],{"class":60},[46,162365,1034],{"class":64},[46,162367,84],{"class":60},[46,162369,162370],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162371,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162373,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,162375,91],{"class":90},[46,162377,94],{"class":60},[46,162379,476],{"class":90},[46,162381,94],{"class":60},[46,162383,5213],{"class":102},[46,162385,9403],{"class":60},[46,162387,38551],{"class":90},[46,162389,94],{"class":60},[46,162391,633],{"class":102},[46,162393,106],{"class":60},[20,162395,143],{},[37,162397,162399],{"className":39,"code":162398,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"4 2\n",[15,162400,162401],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162402,162403,162405],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162404,2691],{"class":64},[46,162406,45754],{"class":64},[20,162408,162409,162410,507],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162411,64480],{},[32,162413,92069,162415,162417],{"id":162414},"converting-zip-output",[15,162416,64480],{}," output",[20,162419,29228,162420,162422],{},[15,162421,64480],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[283,162424,160,162426],{"id":162425},"use-listzip",[15,162427,162428],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162430,162431],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[37,162433,162435],{"className":39,"code":162434,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162436,162437,162469,162489,162493,162515],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162438,162439,162441,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162440,5169],{"class":52},[46,162442,57],{"class":56},[46,162444,61],{"class":60},[46,162446,427],{"class":426},[46,162448,1018],{"class":430},[46,162450,427],{"class":426},[46,162452,68],{"class":60},[46,162454,438],{"class":426},[46,162456,1054],{"class":430},[46,162458,427],{"class":426},[46,162460,68],{"class":60},[46,162462,438],{"class":426},[46,162464,1087],{"class":430},[46,162466,427],{"class":426},[46,162468,84],{"class":60},[46,162470,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162472,596],{"class":52},[46,162474,57],{"class":56},[46,162476,61],{"class":60},[46,162478,13670],{"class":64},[46,162480,68],{"class":60},[46,162482,1034],{"class":64},[46,162484,68],{"class":60},[46,162486,29087],{"class":64},[46,162488,84],{"class":60},[46,162490,162491],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162492,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162494,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,162496,9385],{"class":52},[46,162498,57],{"class":56},[46,162500,22727],{"class":1270},[46,162502,94],{"class":60},[46,162504,64550],{"class":90},[46,162506,94],{"class":60},[46,162508,5213],{"class":102},[46,162510,68],{"class":60},[46,162512,5284],{"class":102},[46,162514,106],{"class":60},[46,162516,162517,162519,162521,162523],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,162518,91],{"class":90},[46,162520,94],{"class":60},[46,162522,9432],{"class":102},[46,162524,215],{"class":60},[20,162526,143],{},[37,162528,162530],{"className":39,"code":162529,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162531,162532],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162533,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162535,21907],{"class":60},[46,162537,1188],{"class":426},[46,162539,1018],{"class":430},[46,162541,1188],{"class":426},[46,162543,68],{"class":60},[46,162545,1102],{"class":64},[46,162547,9403],{"class":60},[46,162549,9406],{"class":60},[46,162551,1188],{"class":426},[46,162553,1054],{"class":430},[46,162555,1188],{"class":426},[46,162557,68],{"class":60},[46,162559,1034],{"class":64},[46,162561,9403],{"class":60},[46,162563,9406],{"class":60},[46,162565,1188],{"class":426},[46,162567,1087],{"class":430},[46,162569,1188],{"class":426},[46,162571,68],{"class":60},[46,162573,29087],{"class":64},[46,162575,9419],{"class":60},[283,162577,160,162579],{"id":162578},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162580,162581],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162583,162584],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[37,162586,162588],{"className":39,"code":162587,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162589,162590,162622,162650,162654,162676],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162591,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608,162610,162612,162614,162616,162618,162620],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162593,17408],{"class":52},[46,162595,57],{"class":56},[46,162597,61],{"class":60},[46,162599,427],{"class":426},[46,162601,1009],{"class":430},[46,162603,427],{"class":426},[46,162605,68],{"class":60},[46,162607,438],{"class":426},[46,162609,9468],{"class":430},[46,162611,427],{"class":426},[46,162613,68],{"class":60},[46,162615,438],{"class":426},[46,162617,10578],{"class":430},[46,162619,427],{"class":426},[46,162621,84],{"class":60},[46,162623,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162625,4004],{"class":52},[46,162627,57],{"class":56},[46,162629,61],{"class":60},[46,162631,427],{"class":426},[46,162633,1018],{"class":430},[46,162635,427],{"class":426},[46,162637,68],{"class":60},[46,162639,9475],{"class":64},[46,162641,68],{"class":60},[46,162643,438],{"class":426},[46,162645,16197],{"class":430},[46,162647,427],{"class":426},[46,162649,84],{"class":60},[46,162651,162652],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162653,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162655,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664,162666,162668,162670,162672,162674],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,162657,13372],{"class":52},[46,162659,57],{"class":56},[46,162661,9342],{"class":1270},[46,162663,94],{"class":60},[46,162665,64550],{"class":90},[46,162667,94],{"class":60},[46,162669,17089],{"class":102},[46,162671,68],{"class":60},[46,162673,4064],{"class":102},[46,162675,106],{"class":60},[46,162677,162678,162680,162682,162684],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,162679,91],{"class":90},[46,162681,94],{"class":60},[46,162683,17473],{"class":102},[46,162685,215],{"class":60},[20,162687,143],{},[37,162689,162691],{"className":39,"code":162690,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162692,162693],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162694,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719,162721,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162696,1185],{"class":60},[46,162698,1188],{"class":426},[46,162700,1009],{"class":430},[46,162702,1188],{"class":426},[46,162704,198],{"class":60},[46,162706,1197],{"class":426},[46,162708,1018],{"class":430},[46,162710,1188],{"class":426},[46,162712,68],{"class":60},[46,162714,1197],{"class":426},[46,162716,9468],{"class":430},[46,162718,1188],{"class":426},[46,162720,198],{"class":60},[46,162722,9475],{"class":64},[46,162724,68],{"class":60},[46,162726,1197],{"class":426},[46,162728,10578],{"class":430},[46,162730,1188],{"class":426},[46,162732,198],{"class":60},[46,162734,1197],{"class":426},[46,162736,16197],{"class":430},[46,162738,1188],{"class":426},[46,162740,1105],{"class":60},[20,162742,162743,162744,507],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[501,162745,31254],{"href":31253},[283,162747,162749],{"id":162748},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162751,162752],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[37,162754,162756],{"className":39,"code":162755,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162757,162758,162782,162798,162802,162820,162824,162838],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162759,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162761,5169],{"class":52},[46,162763,57],{"class":56},[46,162765,61],{"class":60},[46,162767,427],{"class":426},[46,162769,1018],{"class":430},[46,162771,427],{"class":426},[46,162773,68],{"class":60},[46,162775,438],{"class":426},[46,162777,1054],{"class":430},[46,162779,427],{"class":426},[46,162781,84],{"class":60},[46,162783,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162785,596],{"class":52},[46,162787,57],{"class":56},[46,162789,61],{"class":60},[46,162791,13670],{"class":64},[46,162793,68],{"class":60},[46,162795,1034],{"class":64},[46,162797,84],{"class":60},[46,162799,162800],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162801,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162803,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816,162818],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,162805,9385],{"class":52},[46,162807,57],{"class":56},[46,162809,161533],{"class":90},[46,162811,94],{"class":60},[46,162813,5213],{"class":102},[46,162815,68],{"class":60},[46,162817,5284],{"class":102},[46,162819,215],{"class":60},[46,162821,162822],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,162823,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162825,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,162827,91],{"class":90},[46,162829,94],{"class":60},[46,162831,8265],{"class":1270},[46,162833,94],{"class":60},[46,162835,9432],{"class":102},[46,162837,106],{"class":60},[46,162839,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,162841,91],{"class":90},[46,162843,94],{"class":60},[46,162845,8265],{"class":1270},[46,162847,94],{"class":60},[46,162849,9432],{"class":102},[46,162851,106],{"class":60},[20,162853,143],{},[37,162855,162857],{"className":39,"code":162856,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162858,162859,162889],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162860,162861,162863,162865,162867,162869,162871,162873,162875,162877,162879,162881,162883,162885,162887],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162862,21907],{"class":60},[46,162864,1188],{"class":426},[46,162866,1018],{"class":430},[46,162868,1188],{"class":426},[46,162870,68],{"class":60},[46,162872,1102],{"class":64},[46,162874,9403],{"class":60},[46,162876,9406],{"class":60},[46,162878,1188],{"class":426},[46,162880,1054],{"class":430},[46,162882,1188],{"class":426},[46,162884,68],{"class":60},[46,162886,1034],{"class":64},[46,162888,9419],{"class":60},[46,162890,162891],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162892,38463],{"class":60},[20,162894,162895],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162897,162898,162899,507],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[501,162900,5310],{"href":5758},[32,162902,41210],{"id":41209},[20,162904,162905,162906,507],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162907,64480],{},[283,162909,162911],{"id":162910},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[37,162913,162915],{"className":39,"code":162914,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162916,162917,162949,162969,162973,162997],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,162918,162919,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,162920,5169],{"class":52},[46,162922,57],{"class":56},[46,162924,61],{"class":60},[46,162926,427],{"class":426},[46,162928,1018],{"class":430},[46,162930,427],{"class":426},[46,162932,68],{"class":60},[46,162934,438],{"class":426},[46,162936,1054],{"class":430},[46,162938,427],{"class":426},[46,162940,68],{"class":60},[46,162942,438],{"class":426},[46,162944,1087],{"class":430},[46,162946,427],{"class":426},[46,162948,84],{"class":60},[46,162950,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,162952,596],{"class":52},[46,162954,57],{"class":56},[46,162956,61],{"class":60},[46,162958,13670],{"class":64},[46,162960,68],{"class":60},[46,162962,1034],{"class":64},[46,162964,68],{"class":60},[46,162966,29087],{"class":64},[46,162968,84],{"class":60},[46,162970,162971],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,162972,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,162974,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,162976,6129],{"class":1595},[46,162978,36160],{"class":52},[46,162980,68],{"class":60},[46,162982,5279],{"class":52},[46,162984,1602],{"class":1595},[46,162986,161533],{"class":90},[46,162988,94],{"class":60},[46,162990,5213],{"class":102},[46,162992,68],{"class":60},[46,162994,5284],{"class":102},[46,162996,8514],{"class":60},[46,162998,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163019,163021,163023],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,163000,8240],{"class":90},[46,163002,94],{"class":60},[46,163004,22461],{"class":1140},[46,163006,427],{"class":430},[46,163008,1185],{"class":64},[46,163010,1009],{"class":102},[46,163012,22470],{"class":64},[46,163014,22473],{"class":430},[46,163016,1185],{"class":64},[46,163018,1027],{"class":102},[46,163020,22470],{"class":64},[46,163022,427],{"class":430},[46,163024,215],{"class":60},[283,163026,163028],{"id":163027},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[37,163030,163032],{"className":39,"code":163031,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,163033,163034,163066,163090,163094,163116],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163035,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163037,17408],{"class":52},[46,163039,57],{"class":56},[46,163041,61],{"class":60},[46,163043,427],{"class":426},[46,163045,12817],{"class":430},[46,163047,427],{"class":426},[46,163049,68],{"class":60},[46,163051,438],{"class":426},[46,163053,1009],{"class":430},[46,163055,427],{"class":426},[46,163057,68],{"class":60},[46,163059,438],{"class":426},[46,163061,15987],{"class":430},[46,163063,427],{"class":426},[46,163065,84],{"class":60},[46,163067,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163069,4004],{"class":52},[46,163071,57],{"class":56},[46,163073,61],{"class":60},[46,163075,46757],{"class":64},[46,163077,68],{"class":60},[46,163079,438],{"class":426},[46,163081,1018],{"class":430},[46,163083,427],{"class":426},[46,163085,68],{"class":60},[46,163087,4093],{"class":1325},[46,163089,84],{"class":60},[46,163091,163092],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,163093,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,163095,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,163097,1487],{"class":52},[46,163099,57],{"class":56},[46,163101,9342],{"class":1270},[46,163103,94],{"class":60},[46,163105,64550],{"class":90},[46,163107,94],{"class":60},[46,163109,17089],{"class":102},[46,163111,68],{"class":60},[46,163113,4064],{"class":102},[46,163115,106],{"class":60},[46,163117,163118,163120,163122,163124],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,163119,91],{"class":90},[46,163121,94],{"class":60},[46,163123,1523],{"class":102},[46,163125,215],{"class":60},[283,163127,163129],{"id":163128},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[37,163131,163133],{"className":39,"code":163132,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163134,163135,163155,163175,163179,163204],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163136,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147,163149,163151,163153],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163138,80806],{"class":52},[46,163140,57],{"class":56},[46,163142,61],{"class":60},[46,163144,1494],{"class":64},[46,163146,68],{"class":60},[46,163148,7962],{"class":64},[46,163150,68],{"class":60},[46,163152,7967],{"class":64},[46,163154,84],{"class":60},[46,163156,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163158,80827],{"class":52},[46,163160,57],{"class":56},[46,163162,61],{"class":60},[46,163164,1494],{"class":64},[46,163166,68],{"class":60},[46,163168,9475],{"class":64},[46,163170,68],{"class":60},[46,163172,7967],{"class":64},[46,163174,84],{"class":60},[46,163176,163177],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,163178,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,163180,163181,163183,163185,163187,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,163182,6129],{"class":1595},[46,163184,57049],{"class":52},[46,163186,68],{"class":60},[46,163188,163189],{"class":52}," b ",[46,163191,1602],{"class":1595},[46,163193,161533],{"class":90},[46,163195,94],{"class":60},[46,163197,111708],{"class":102},[46,163199,68],{"class":60},[46,163201,80870],{"class":102},[46,163203,8514],{"class":60},[46,163205,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214,163216],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,163207,8240],{"class":90},[46,163209,94],{"class":60},[46,163211,2741],{"class":102},[46,163213,4863],{"class":56},[46,163215,2746],{"class":102},[46,163217,215],{"class":60},[20,163219,143],{},[37,163221,163223],{"className":39,"code":163222,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163224,163225,163229,163233],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163226,163227],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163228,4157],{"class":1325},[46,163230,163231],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163232,4218],{"class":1325},[46,163234,163235],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,163236,4157],{"class":1325},[283,163238,163240],{"id":163239},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[37,163242,163244],{"className":39,"code":163243,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163245,163246,163281,163304,163308,163335],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163247,163248,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265,163268,163270,163272,163274,163277,163279],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163249,163250],{"class":52},"products ",[46,163252,57],{"class":56},[46,163254,61],{"class":60},[46,163256,427],{"class":426},[46,163258,25308],{"class":430},[46,163260,427],{"class":426},[46,163262,68],{"class":60},[46,163264,438],{"class":426},[46,163266,163267],{"class":430},"Pen",[46,163269,427],{"class":426},[46,163271,68],{"class":60},[46,163273,438],{"class":426},[46,163275,163276],{"class":430},"Bag",[46,163278,427],{"class":426},[46,163280,84],{"class":60},[46,163282,163283,163285,163287,163289,163292,163294,163297,163299,163302],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163284,659],{"class":52},[46,163286,57],{"class":56},[46,163288,61],{"class":60},[46,163290,163291],{"class":64},"12.5",[46,163293,68],{"class":60},[46,163295,163296],{"class":64}," 1.2",[46,163298,68],{"class":60},[46,163300,163301],{"class":64}," 25.0",[46,163303,84],{"class":60},[46,163305,163306],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,163307,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,163309,163310,163312,163314,163316,163319,163321,163323,163325,163328,163330,163333],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,163311,6129],{"class":1595},[46,163313,25369],{"class":52},[46,163315,68],{"class":60},[46,163317,163318],{"class":52}," price ",[46,163320,1602],{"class":1595},[46,163322,161533],{"class":90},[46,163324,94],{"class":60},[46,163326,163327],{"class":102},"products",[46,163329,68],{"class":60},[46,163331,163332],{"class":102}," prices",[46,163334,8514],{"class":60},[46,163336,163337,163339,163341,163343,163345,163347,163349,163351,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,163338,8240],{"class":90},[46,163340,94],{"class":60},[46,163342,22461],{"class":1140},[46,163344,427],{"class":430},[46,163346,1185],{"class":64},[46,163348,27176],{"class":102},[46,163350,22470],{"class":64},[46,163352,163353],{"class":430}," costs $",[46,163355,1185],{"class":64},[46,163357,25317],{"class":102},[46,163359,22470],{"class":64},[46,163361,427],{"class":430},[46,163363,215],{"class":60},[20,163365,36771,163366,507],{},[501,163367,163369],{"href":163368},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[32,163371,163373,163374],{"id":163372},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163375,64480],{},[283,163377,1853,163379,163381],{"id":163378},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163380,64480],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163383,163384,163386],{},[15,163385,64480],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163388,163389],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[37,163391,163393],{"className":39,"code":163392,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163394,163395],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163396,163397,163399,163401,163403,163405,163407,163409,163411,163413,163415],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163398,91],{"class":90},[46,163400,94],{"class":60},[46,163402,476],{"class":90},[46,163404,94],{"class":60},[46,163406,111708],{"class":102},[46,163408,9403],{"class":60},[46,163410,38551],{"class":90},[46,163412,94],{"class":60},[46,163414,81093],{"class":102},[46,163416,106],{"class":60},[283,163418,163420],{"id":163419},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163422,68995],{},[37,163424,163426],{"className":39,"code":163425,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163427,163428,163464,163468,163481,163491,163495,163507],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163429,163430,163432,163434,163436,163438,163440,163442,163444,163446,163448,163450,163452,163454,163456,163458,163460,163462],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163431,9385],{"class":52},[46,163433,57],{"class":56},[46,163435,161533],{"class":90},[46,163437,3172],{"class":60},[46,163439,3175],{"class":64},[46,163441,68],{"class":60},[46,163443,71],{"class":64},[46,163445,18229],{"class":60},[46,163447,61],{"class":60},[46,163449,427],{"class":426},[46,163451,501],{"class":430},[46,163453,427],{"class":426},[46,163455,68],{"class":60},[46,163457,438],{"class":426},[46,163459,4935],{"class":430},[46,163461,427],{"class":426},[46,163463,1161],{"class":60},[46,163465,163466],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163467,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,163469,163470,163472,163474,163476,163479],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,163471,6129],{"class":1595},[46,163473,6132],{"class":52},[46,163475,1602],{"class":1595},[46,163477,163478],{"class":52}," pairs",[46,163480,6566],{"class":60},[46,163482,163483,163485,163487,163489],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,163484,8240],{"class":90},[46,163486,94],{"class":60},[46,163488,23478],{"class":102},[46,163490,215],{"class":60},[46,163492,163493],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,163494,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,163496,163497,163499,163501,163503,163505],{"class":48,"line":1113},[46,163498,6129],{"class":1595},[46,163500,6132],{"class":52},[46,163502,1602],{"class":1595},[46,163504,163478],{"class":52},[46,163506,6566],{"class":60},[46,163508,163509,163511,163513,163515],{"class":48,"line":1118},[46,163510,8240],{"class":90},[46,163512,94],{"class":60},[46,163514,23478],{"class":102},[46,163516,215],{"class":60},[20,163518,163519],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[283,163521,163523],{"id":163522},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163525,163526],{},"This is correct:",[37,163528,163530],{"className":39,"code":163529,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163531,163532,163556,163572,163576,163600],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163533,163534,163536,163538,163540,163542,163544,163546,163548,163550,163552,163554],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163535,5169],{"class":52},[46,163537,57],{"class":56},[46,163539,61],{"class":60},[46,163541,427],{"class":426},[46,163543,1018],{"class":430},[46,163545,427],{"class":426},[46,163547,68],{"class":60},[46,163549,438],{"class":426},[46,163551,1054],{"class":430},[46,163553,427],{"class":426},[46,163555,84],{"class":60},[46,163557,163558,163560,163562,163564,163566,163568,163570],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163559,596],{"class":52},[46,163561,57],{"class":56},[46,163563,61],{"class":60},[46,163565,13670],{"class":64},[46,163567,68],{"class":60},[46,163569,1034],{"class":64},[46,163571,84],{"class":60},[46,163573,163574],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,163575,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,163577,163578,163580,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596,163598],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,163579,6129],{"class":1595},[46,163581,36160],{"class":52},[46,163583,68],{"class":60},[46,163585,5279],{"class":52},[46,163587,1602],{"class":1595},[46,163589,161533],{"class":90},[46,163591,94],{"class":60},[46,163593,5213],{"class":102},[46,163595,68],{"class":60},[46,163597,5284],{"class":102},[46,163599,8514],{"class":60},[46,163601,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612],{"class":48,"line":1108},[46,163603,8240],{"class":90},[46,163605,94],{"class":60},[46,163607,1009],{"class":102},[46,163609,68],{"class":60},[46,163611,130821],{"class":102},[46,163613,215],{"class":60},[20,163615,163616],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[37,163618,163620],{"className":39,"code":163619,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163621,163622,163642],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163623,163624,163626,163628,163630,163632,163634,163636,163638,163640],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163625,6129],{"class":1595},[46,163627,6132],{"class":52},[46,163629,1602],{"class":1595},[46,163631,161533],{"class":90},[46,163633,94],{"class":60},[46,163635,5213],{"class":102},[46,163637,68],{"class":60},[46,163639,5284],{"class":102},[46,163641,8514],{"class":60},[46,163643,163644,163646,163648,163650],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163645,8240],{"class":90},[46,163647,94],{"class":60},[46,163649,23478],{"class":102},[46,163651,215],{"class":60},[20,163653,143],{},[37,163655,163657],{"className":39,"code":163656,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163658,163659,163675],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163660,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669,163671,163673],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163662,94],{"class":60},[46,163664,1188],{"class":426},[46,163666,1018],{"class":430},[46,163668,1188],{"class":426},[46,163670,68],{"class":60},[46,163672,1102],{"class":64},[46,163674,215],{"class":60},[46,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163678,94],{"class":60},[46,163680,1188],{"class":426},[46,163682,1054],{"class":430},[46,163684,1188],{"class":426},[46,163686,68],{"class":60},[46,163688,1034],{"class":64},[46,163690,215],{"class":60},[20,163692,163693],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[283,163695,578,163697,163699,163700],{"id":163696},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163698,64480],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163701,35919],{},[20,163703,160,163704,163706],{},[15,163705,64480],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163708,160,163709,163711],{},[15,163710,35919],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[37,163713,163714],{"className":39,"code":36088,"language":41,"meta":42,"style":42},[15,163715,163716,163748,163752,163772],{"__ignoreMap":42},[46,163717,163718,163720,163722,163724,163726,163728,163730,163732,163734,163736,163738,163740,163742,163744,163746],{"class":48,"line":49},[46,163719,5169],{"class":52},[46,163721,57],{"class":56},[46,163723,61],{"class":60},[46,163725,427],{"class":426},[46,163727,1018],{"class":430},[46,163729,427],{"class":426},[46,163731,68],{"class":60},[46,163733,438],{"class":426},[46,163735,1054],{"class":430},[46,163737,427],{"class":426},[46,163739,68],{"class":60},[46,163741,438],{"class":426},[46,163743,1087],{"class":430},[46,163745,427],{"class":426},[46,163747,84],{"class":60},[46,163749,163750],{"class":48,"line":87},[46,163751,113],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":112},[46,163753,163754,163756,163758,163760,163762,163764,163766,163768,163770],{"class":48,"line":109},[46,163755,6129],{"class":1595},[46,163757,35991],{"class":52},[46,163759,68],{"class":60},[46,163761,36137],{"class":52},[46,163763,1602],{"class":1595},[46,163765,36001],{"class":90},[46,163767,94],{"class":60},[46,163769,5213],{"class":102},[46,163771,8514],{"class":60},[46,163773,163774,163776,163778,163780,163782,163784],{"class":48,"line":116},[46,163775,8240],{"class":90},[46,163777,94],{"class":60},[46,163779,36016],{"class":102},[46,163781,68],{"class":60},[46,163783,36160],{"class":102},[46,163785,215],{"class":60},[20,163787,163788,163789,507],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[501,163790,13,163791,506],{"href":91981},[15,163792,35919],{},[32,163794,1991],{"id":1990},[283,163796,1995,163798,1998],{"id":163797},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163799,64480],{},[20,163801,163802],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[283,163804,12872,163806,163808],{"id":163805},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163807,64480],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163810,163811],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[283,163813,163815,163816,2035],{"id":163814},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163817,64480],{},[20,163819,163820,163821,507],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163822,162428],{},[283,163824,163826,163827,2035],{"id":163825},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163828,64480],{},[20,163830,128186,163831,163833],{},[15,163832,162581],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[283,163835,163837],{"id":163836},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163839,163840],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[32,163842,2065],{"id":2064},[172,163844,163845,163850,163856,163860,163864],{},[175,163846,163847],{},[501,163848,163849],{"href":163368},"How to use zip in Python",[175,163851,163852],{},[501,163853,13,163854,506],{"href":91981},[15,163855,35919],{},[175,163857,163858],{},[501,163859,5387],{"href":5758},[175,163861,163862],{},[501,163863,69848],{"href":69771},[175,163865,163866],{},[501,163867,32428],{"href":31253},[2103,163869,163870],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":42,"searchDepth":87,"depth":87,"links":163872},[163873,163874,163876,163877,163878,163879,163887,163893,163902,163913],{"id":34,"depth":87,"text":35},{"id":161592,"depth":87,"text":163875},"What zip() does",{"id":2342,"depth":87,"text":2343},{"id":161985,"depth":87,"text":161986},{"id":162162,"depth":87,"text":162163},{"id":162414,"depth":87,"text":163880,"children":163881},"Converting zip() output",[163882,163884,163886],{"id":162425,"depth":109,"text":163883},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162578,"depth":109,"text":163885},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162748,"depth":109,"text":162749},{"id":41209,"depth":87,"text":41210,"children":163888},[163889,163890,163891,163892],{"id":162910,"depth":109,"text":162911},{"id":163027,"depth":109,"text":163028},{"id":163128,"depth":109,"text":163129},{"id":163239,"depth":109,"text":163240},{"id":163372,"depth":87,"text":163894,"children":163895},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163896,163898,163899,163900],{"id":163378,"depth":109,"text":163897},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163419,"depth":109,"text":163420},{"id":163522,"depth":109,"text":163523},{"id":163696,"depth":109,"text":163901},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1990,"depth":87,"text":1991,"children":163903},[163904,163906,163908,163910,163912],{"id":163797,"depth":109,"text":163905},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163805,"depth":109,"text":163907},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163814,"depth":109,"text":163909},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163825,"depth":109,"text":163911},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163836,"depth":109,"text":163837},{"id":2064,"depth":87,"text":2065},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161434,"description":163914},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944848741]